[
    {
        "title": "Traversable wormhole dynamics on a quantum processor",
        "type": "publication_supplemental",
        "publication_date": "2022-11-30",
        "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
        "doi": "10.1038/s41586-022-05424-3",
        "issn": "0028-0836",
        "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221117-173105698",
        "publication": "Nature",
        "volume": "612",
        "issue": "7938",
        "pages": "51-55",
        "abstract": "The holographic principle, theorized to be a property of quantum gravity, postulates that the description of a volume of space can be encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary. The anti-de Sitter (AdS)/conformal field theory correspondence or duality is the principal example of holography. The Sachdev\u2013Ye\u2013Kitaev (SYK) model of N\u2009\u226b\u20091 Majorana fermions has features suggesting the existence of a gravitational dual in AdS2, and is a new realization of holography. We invoke the holographic correspondence of the SYK many-body system and gravity to probe the conjectured ER=EPR relation between entanglement and spacetime geometry through the traversable wormhole mechanism as implemented in the SYK model. A qubit can be used to probe the SYK traversable wormhole dynamics through the corresponding teleportation protocol. This can be realized as a quantum circuit, equivalent to the gravitational picture in the semiclassical limit of an infinite number of qubits. Here we use learning techniques to construct a sparsified SYK model that we experimentally realize with 164 two-qubit gates on a nine-qubit circuit and observe the corresponding traversable wormhole dynamics. Despite its approximate nature, the sparsified SYK model preserves key properties of the traversable wormhole physics: perfect size winding, coupling on either side of the wormhole that is consistent with a negative energy shockwave, a Shapiro time delay, causal time-order of signals emerging from the wormhole, and scrambling and thermalization dynamics. Our experiment was run on the Google Sycamore processor. By interrogating a two-dimensional gravity dual system, our work represents a step towards a program for studying quantum gravity in the laboratory. Future developments will require improved hardware scalability and performance as well as theoretical developments including higher-dimensional quantum gravity duals and other SYK-like models.",
        "author_list": "Jafferis, Daniel and Zlokapa, Alexander, el al."
    }
]