[ { "id": "authors:zvc35-57f22", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zvc35-57f22", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150203-134244601", "type": "book_section", "title": "Perspectives on the architecture of continental crust from integrated field studies of exposed isobaric sections", "book_title": "Crustal Cross Sections from the Western North American Cordillera and Elsewhere: Implications for Tectonic and Petrologic Processes", "author": [ { "family_name": "Williams", "given_name": "Michael L.", "clpid": "Williams-M-L" }, { "family_name": "Karlstrom", "given_name": "Karl E.", "clpid": "Karlstrom-K-E" }, { "family_name": "Dumond", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Dumond-G" }, { "family_name": "Mahan", "given_name": "Kevin H.", "clpid": "Mahan-K-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Miller-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Snoke", "given_name": "Arthur W.", "clpid": "Snoke-A-W" } ], "abstract": "Depth-dependent variations in the structure and composition of continental crust can be studied via integrated investigations of isobaric terranes. In this contribution, we summarize three isobaric terranes in Archean to Proterozoic crust. In western Canada, 35\u201345-km-deep lower crust is exposed over an area of more than 20,000 km^2. The Upper Granite Gorge of Grand Canyon, Arizona, provides a transect of 20\u201325-km-deep middle crust. The Proterozoic basement of central Arizona represents an isobaric exposure of 10\u201315-km-deep middle crust. Isobaric terranes yield a conceptual image of continental crust that can be compared to seismic images, xenolith data, and drill core data to clarify rheology, coupling/decoupling of crustal levels, and the interplay between deformation, metamorphism, and plutonism. General observations include: (1) The crust is heterogeneous at all levels and cannot be accurately modeled as a simple progression from quartz-rich to feldspar-rich lithologies or from felsic to mafic bulk compositions. (2) The crust is segmented into foliation domains that alternate between steeply dipping and shallowly dipping. (3) Magmatism is expressed differently at different depths due to different background temperatures and a general upward distillation from mafic to felsic composition, and may be the most important control on crustal architecture and rheology. The strength of continental crust (and its potential for low-viscosity flow) is not simply a function of temperature, depth, and compositional layering, but is controlled by the size and distribution of rheological domains. The rheological character of a particular layer can vary in space and time at any crustal level.", "doi": "10.1130/2009.2456(08)", "isbn": "9780813724560", "publisher": "Geological Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Boulder, CO", "publication_date": "2009", "pages": "219-241" }, { "id": "authors:mpsek-gay33", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mpsek-gay33", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180717-105639238", "type": "book_section", "title": "Transcontinental Proterozoic provinces", "book_title": "Precambrian: Conterminous U.S.", "author": [ { "family_name": "Anderson", "given_name": "J. Lawford", "clpid": "Anderson-J-L" }, { "family_name": "Bender", "given_name": "E. Erik", "clpid": "Bender-E-E" }, { "family_name": "Anderson", "given_name": "Raymond R.", "clpid": "Anderson-R-R" }, { "family_name": "Bauer", "given_name": "Paul W.", "clpid": "Bauer-P-W" }, { "family_name": "Robertson", "given_name": "James M.", "clpid": "Robertson-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Bowring", "given_name": "Samuel A.", "clpid": "Bowring-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Condie", "given_name": "Kent C.", "clpid": "Condie-K-C" }, { "family_name": "Denison", "given_name": "Rodger E.", "clpid": "Denison-R-E" }, { "family_name": "Gilbert", "given_name": "M. Charles", "clpid": "Gilbert-M-C" }, { "family_name": "Grambling", "given_name": "Jeffrey A.", "clpid": "Grambling-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Mawer", "given_name": "Christopher K.", "clpid": "Mawer-C-K" }, { "family_name": "Shearer", "given_name": "C. K.", "clpid": "Shearer-C-K" }, { "family_name": "Hinze", "given_name": "William J.", "clpid": "Hinze-W-J" }, { "family_name": "Karlstrom", "given_name": "Karl E.", "clpid": "Karlstrom-K-E" }, { "family_name": "Kisvarsanyi", "given_name": "E. B.", "clpid": "Kisvarsanyi-E-B" }, { "family_name": "Lidiak", "given_name": "Edward G.", "clpid": "Lidiak-E-G" }, { "family_name": "Reed", "given_name": "John C., Jr.", "clpid": "Reed-J-C-Jr" }, { "family_name": "Sims", "given_name": "Paul K.", "clpid": "Sims-P-K" }, { "family_name": "Tweto", "given_name": "Odgen", "clpid": "Tweto-O" }, { "family_name": "Silver", "given_name": "Leon T.", "clpid": "Silver-L-T" }, { "family_name": "Treves", "given_name": "Samuel B.", "clpid": "Treves-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Williams", "given_name": "Michael L.", "clpid": "Williams-M-L" }, { "family_name": "Wooden", "given_name": "Joseph L.", "clpid": "Wooden-J-L" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Reed", "given_name": "John C., Jr.", "clpid": "Reed-John-C-Jr" }, { "family_name": "Bickford", "given_name": "Marion E.", "clpid": "Bickford-Marion-E" }, { "family_name": "Houston", "given_name": "R. S.", "clpid": "Houston-R-S" }, { "family_name": "Link", "given_name": "Paul Karl", "clpid": "Link-Paul-Karl" }, { "family_name": "Rankin", "given_name": "D. W.", "clpid": "Rankin-D-W" }, { "family_name": "Sims", "given_name": "Paul K.", "clpid": "Sims-Paul-K" }, { "family_name": "Van Schmus", "given_name": "W. Randall", "clpid": "Van-Schmus-W-Randall" } ], "abstract": "Research on the Precambrian basement of North America over the past two decades has shown that Archean and earliest Proterozoic evolution culminated in suturing of Archean cratonic elements and pre-1.80-Ga Proterozoic terranes to form the Canadian Shield at about 1.80 Ga (Hoffman, 1988,1989a, b). We will refer to this part of Laurentia as the Hudsonian craton (Fig. 1) because it was fused together about 1.80 to 1.85 Ga during the Trans-Hudson and Penokean orogenies (Hoffman, 1988). The Hudsonian craton, including its extensions into the United States (Chapters 2 and 3, this volume), formed the foreland against which 1.8- to 1.6-Ga continental growth occurred, forming the larger Laurentia (Hoffman, 1989a, b). Geologic and geochronologic studies over the past three decades have shown that most of the Precambrian in the United States south of the Hudsonian craton and west of the Grenville province (Chapter 5) consists of a broad northeast to east-northeast-trending zone of orogenic provinces that formed between 1.8 and 1.6 Ga. This zone, including extensions into eastern Canada, comprises or hosts most rock units of this age in North America as well as extensive suites of 1.35- to 1.50-Ga granite and rhyolite. This addition to the Hudsonian Craton is referred to in this chapter as the Transcontinental Proterozoic provinces (Fig. 1); the plural form is used to denote the composite nature of this broad region. \n\nThe Transcontinental Proterozoic provinces consist of many distinct lithotectonic entities that can be defined on the basis of regional lithology, regional structure, U-Pb ages from zircons, Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic signatures, and regional geophysical anomalies.", "doi": "10.1130/DNAG-GNA-C2.171", "isbn": "9780813752181", "publisher": "Geological Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Boulder, CO", "publication_date": "1993-01-01", "pages": "171-334" }, { "id": "authors:a2z2w-q7y23", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a2z2w-q7y23", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151125-113158676", "type": "book_section", "title": "Fatigue Failure in Linearly Viscoelastic Masterials", "author": [ { "family_name": "Williams", "given_name": "M. L.", "clpid": "Williams-M-L" }, { "family_name": "Knauss", "given_name": "W. G.", "clpid": "Knauss-W-G" }, { "family_name": "Wagner", "given_name": "F. R.", "clpid": "Wagner-F-R" } ], "abstract": "The thermodynamic approach to the fracture of linearly viscoelastic materials presented earlier is extended to include fatigue. The theoretical analysis of the growth of an internal spherical flaw due to a uniformly distributed,\noscillatory input of displacement in the radial direction predicts a growth-rest type of flaw growth which depends upon the properties of the media and the loading frequency. Comparison of these results with experimental\ncrack growth data for a pre-cracked sheet specimen subjected to an oscillatory displacement input discloses a qualitative similarity in behavior. It is, therefore, believed that the analytical model employed is representative of real flaw behavior and that its study can reveal the main features of macroscopic flaw-growth.", "publisher": "Chemical Propulsion Information Agency", "publication_date": "1966" }, { "id": "authors:bd2gh-0ak60", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "bd2gh-0ak60", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100518-095245261", "type": "book_section", "title": "Some aspects of fracture pertinent to viscoelastic materials", "author": [ { "family_name": "Williams", "given_name": "M. L.", "clpid": "Williams-M-L" } ], "abstract": "The basic mechanics of fracture in viscoelastic materials are reviewed beginning with the early Rivlin-Thomas extension of the classical Griffith energy concept. Some current thoughts regarding fracture initiation and propagation are described with special attention to situations occurring in typical solid rocket motor geometries, such as star valley cracking, stress singularity effects at discontinuities, and flaw growth at the liner-case interface. The necessity of extending fracture criteria to conditions of arbitrary strain rate history is emphasized.", "publisher": "Caltech Library", "publication_date": "1963-11" } ]