[ { "id": "authors:525rb-8xj03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "525rb-8xj03", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/525rb-8xj03", "type": "book_section", "title": "Recent upgrades to the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-D" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-N" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "orcid": "0000-0001-8953-1008" }, { "family_name": "Guthery", "given_name": "Charlotte", "orcid": "0009-0007-8340-6194" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Mitsuko K.", "clpid": "Roberts-Mitsuko-K" }, { "family_name": "Nash", "given_name": "Reston", "clpid": "Nash-Reston" }, { "family_name": "Horstman", "given_name": "Katelyn", "orcid": "0000-0001-9708-8667", "clpid": "Horstman-Katelyn" }, { "family_name": "Xuan", "given_name": "Jerry W.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6618-1137", "clpid": "Xuan-Jerry-W" }, { "family_name": "Xin", "given_name": "Yinzi", "orcid": "0000-0002-6171-9081", "clpid": "Xin-Yinzi" }, { "family_name": "Finnerty", "given_name": "Luke", "orcid": "0000-0002-1392-0768" }, { "family_name": "Hsu", "given_name": "Chih-Chun", "orcid": "0000-0002-5370-7494" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Leifer", "given_name": "Stepahnie" }, { "family_name": "Zimmer", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Zimmer-Jake" }, { "family_name": "Soda", "given_name": "Svarun", "clpid": "Soda-Svarun" }, { "family_name": "Schofield", "given_name": "Tobias", "clpid": "Schofield-Tobias" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "J. Kent", "orcid": "0000-0001-5299-6899", "clpid": "Wallace-J-Kent" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Marin", "given_name": "Eduardo", "orcid": "0009-0009-6982-2137" }, { "family_name": "Wizinowich", "given_name": "Peter", "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" }, { "family_name": "Ge", "given_name": "Jinhao", "clpid": "Ge-Jinhao" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "orcid": "0000-0002-7791-0008", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Vernet", "given_name": "Jo\u00ebl R." }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J." }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) instrument at the Keck Observatory consists of a series of upgrades to the Keck II Adaptive Optics system and the NIRSPEC spectrograph to enable diffraction-limited, high-resolution (R\u223c35, 000) spectroscopy, originally in the K (\u223c2.0\u22122.5 \u03bcm) and L (\u223c3.2\u22123.7 \u03bcm) bands only. Phase I consisted of single-mode fiber injection/extraction units used in conjunction with an H band pyramid wavefront sensor. Using single-mode fibers provides a gain in stellar rejection, a substantial reduction in sky background, and a stable, well-defined line-spread function on the spectrograph. In 2022, Phase II brought a 1000-actuator deformable mirror, beam-shaping optics, a vortex fiber nulling mode, and more. In this paper we present the results of the latest upgrades to the KPIC instrument. Among these upgrades, a second fiber bundle with related injection/extraction optics and new dichroics were added to extend KPIC's science capabilities to y through H band, and to provide access to laser frequency combs for spectral calibration from y-K. Additionally, the charge 2 vortex mask for fiber nulling was supplemented with a charge 1 mask to enable spectroscopy of low mass companions at very small angular separations. Other upgrades included an atmospheric dispersion corrector, a new calibration source switching system, and an optimized tip/tilt control system. Here we show preliminary results of on-sky tests performed in the first few months of re-commissioning, along with the next steps for the instrument.", "doi": "10.1117/12.3019085", "isbn": "9781510675155", "publisher": "SPIE", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2024-08-14", "volume": "13096", "pages": "130962D" }, { "id": "authors:gnvrx-1tp29", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gnvrx-1tp29", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220615-21042400", "type": "book_section", "title": "An exposure time calculator for high-contrast polarimeters", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Nguyen", "given_name": "Meiji M.", "clpid": "Nguyen-Meiji-M" }, { "family_name": "Jensen-Clem", "given_name": "Rebecca", "orcid": "0000-0003-0054-2953", "clpid": "Jensen-Clem-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given_name": "Max A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233", "clpid": "Millar-Blanchaer-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Mukherjee", "given_name": "Sagnick", "clpid": "Mukherjee-Sagnick" }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-6098-3924", "clpid": "Skemer-Andrew-J" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Shaklan", "given_name": "Stuart B.", "clpid": "Shaklan-Stuart-B" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" } ], "abstract": "We present an exposure time calculator (ETC) developed for polarimetric observing modes for two next-generation high-contrast direct imaging instruments planned for the W. M. Keck Observatory: SCALES1 (Santa Cruz Array of Lenslets for Exoplanet Spectroscopy), a low-resolution mid-infrared integral field spectrograph; and a future polarimetric observing mode for NIRC2, the near-infrared adaptive optics (AO) supported high-contrast direct imager currently on the Keck Observatory. In addition to producing estimates of companion signal-to-noise ratios (SNR, see Fig. 2a), the ETC calculates the polarization fraction that would be detected with a user-specific SNR in a given exposure time (see Fig. 2b). The ETC includes a graphical user interface and is packaged as a polarimetry add-on to the PSI-Red thermal imaging module of PSISim, an instrument performance simulation tool for the Planetary Systems Imager2 - a modular suite of AO-supported instruments planned for the Thirty Meter Telescope.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2597978", "isbn": "9781510644847", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2021-09-20", "pages": "Art. No. 118231X" }, { "id": "authors:dkfkk-3n216", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dkfkk-3n216", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211005-230323419", "type": "book_section", "title": "Simulating JWST high contrast observations with PanCAKE", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carter", "given_name": "Aarynn L.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5365-4815", "clpid": "Carter-Aarynn-L" }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andrew J. I.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6098-3924", "clpid": "Skemer-Andrew-J" }, { "family_name": "Danielski", "given_name": "Camilla", "clpid": "Danielski-Camilla" }, { "family_name": "Leisenring", "given_name": "Jarron", "orcid": "0000-0002-0834-6140", "clpid": "Leisenring-Jarron-M" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Van Gorkom", "given_name": "Kyle", "clpid": "Van-Gorkom-Kyle" }, { "family_name": "York", "given_name": "Brian", "clpid": "York-Brian" }, { "family_name": "Adams", "given_name": "Jea", "orcid": "0000-0002-4489-3168", "clpid": "Adams-Jea" }, { "family_name": "Biller", "given_name": "Beth", "orcid": "0000-0003-4614-7035", "clpid": "Biller-Beth-A" }, { "family_name": "Girard", "given_name": "Julien H.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8627-0404", "clpid": "Girard-Julien-H" }, { "family_name": "Hinkley", "given_name": "Sasha", "orcid": "0000-0001-8074-2562", "clpid": "Hinkley-Sasha" }, { "family_name": "Nickson", "given_name": "Bryony", "clpid": "Nickson-Bryony" }, { "family_name": "Perrin", "given_name": "Marshall", "orcid": "0000-0002-3191-8151", "clpid": "Perrin-Marshall-D" }, { "family_name": "Pueyo", "given_name": "Laurent", "orcid": "0000-0003-3818-408X", "clpid": "Pueyo-Laurent" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Shaklan", "given_name": "Stuart B.", "clpid": "Shaklan-Stuart-B" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" } ], "abstract": "The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and its suite of instruments will offer significant capabilities towards the high contrast imaging of objects such as exoplanets, protoplanetary disks, and debris disks at short angular separations from their considerably brighter host stars. For the JWST user community to simulate and predict these capabilities for a given science case, the JWST Exposure Time Calculator (ETC) is the most readily available and widely used simulation tool. However, the ETC is not capable of simulating a range of observational features that can significantly impact the performance of JWST's high contrast imaging modes (e.g. target acquisition offsets, temporal wavefront drifts, small grid dithers, and telescope rolls) and therefore does not produce realistic contrast curves. Despite the development of a range of more advanced software that includes some or all of these features, these instead lack in either a) instrument diversity, or b) accessibility for novice users.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2594501", "isbn": "9781510644847", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2021-09-03", "pages": "Art. No. 118230H" }, { "id": "authors:vjkhq-t3f77", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vjkhq-t3f77", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220610-133625200", "type": "book_section", "title": "High resolution spectroscopy of directly imaged exoplanets with KPIC", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "orcid": "0000-0001-8953-1008", "clpid": "Delorme-Jacques-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Ruffio", "given_name": "Jean-Baptiste", "orcid": "0000-0003-2233-4821", "clpid": "Ruffio-Jean-Baptiste" }, { "family_name": "Morris", "given_name": "Evan", "clpid": "Morris-Evan-C" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-Nemanja" }, { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Schofield", "given_name": "Tobias", "clpid": "Schofield-Tobias" }, { "family_name": "Pezzato", "given_name": "Jacklyn", "clpid": "Pezzato-Jacklyn" }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-6098-3924", "clpid": "Skemer-Andrew-J" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Shaklan", "given_name": "Stuart", "clpid": "Shaklan-Stuart-B" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" } ], "abstract": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is a novel instrument that combines high-contrast imaging with high-resolution spectroscopy to enable high-dispersion coronagraphy (HDC) techniques that allow us to characterize directly imaged exoplanets at a spectral resolution of R~35,000. At this resolution, individual absorption lines in planetary atmospheres are spectrally resolved, allowing for measurements of molecular abundances to constrain chemical composition, planetary radial velocities to constrain orbital configurations, and planetary spin to constrain angular momentum evolution. I will provide an overview of the instrument, with a focus on its novel fiber injection unit (FIU) and the use of single mode fibers. I will discuss new HDC techniques we are developing that take advantage of the single-mode fibers of KPIC to both spatially and spectrally filter out the bright glare of the host stars to study the faint exoplanets. In particular, we have demonstrated the ability to forward model the high-resolution spectrum of diffracted stellar speckles, allowing us to directly fit our data without the need for cross-correlation functions. I will present some early science observations from KPIC that successfully demonstrate its technical capabilities, with the highlight being the first detection of all four HR 8799 planets at high spectral resolution. I will conclude with future avenues to push the sensitivity of HDC techniques and discuss possible synergies with other exoplanet characterization techniques such as long-baseline interferometry.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2596484", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "publication_date": "2021-09-01" }, { "id": "authors:ntjtf-wbx69", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ntjtf-wbx69", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220610-59544400", "type": "book_section", "title": "Broadband vortex fiber nulling: high-dispersion exoplanet science at the diffraction limit", "author": [ { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-Nemanja" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "orcid": "0000-0001-8953-1008", "clpid": "Delorme-Jacques-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given_name": "Maxwell A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233", "clpid": "Millar-Blanchaer-Maxwell-A" }, { "family_name": "Xuan", "given_name": "Jerry", "orcid": "0000-0002-6618-1137", "clpid": "Xuan-Jerry-W" }, { "family_name": "Toman", "given_name": "Katie", "clpid": "Toman-Katie" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Shaklan", "given_name": "Stuart B.", "clpid": "Shaklan-Stuart-B" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" } ], "abstract": "As the number of confirmed exoplanets continues to grow, there is an increased push to spectrally characterize them to determine their atmospheric composition, formation paths, rotation rates, habitability, and much more. However, there is a large population of known exoplanets that either do not transit their star or have been detected at very small angular separations such that they are inaccessible to traditional coronagraph systems. Vortex Fiber Nulling (VFN) is a new single-aperture interferometric technique that uses the entire telescope pupil to bridge the gap between RV methods and traditional coronagraphy by enabling the direct observation and spectral characterization of targets at and within the diffraction limit. By combining a vortex mask with a single mode fiber, the on-axis starlight is rejected while the off-axis planet light is coupled and efficiently routed to a radiometer or spectrograph for analysis. We have demonstrated VFN in the lab monochromatically in the past. In this talk we present a polychromatic validation of VFN with null depths of 1e-4 across 10% bandwidth light. We also provide an update on deployment plans and predicted yield estimates for the VFN mode of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) instrument. Using PSISIM, a simulation package developed by our group, we asses KPIC VFN's ability to detect and characterize different types of targets including known exoplanets detected via the RV method. The KPIC VFN on-sky demonstration will pave the road to deployment on future instruments like HISPEC and MODHIS where it could provide high-resolution spectra of sub-Jupiter mass planets down to 5 milliarcseconds from their star.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2597160", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "publication_date": "2021-09-01" }, { "id": "authors:4zcet-wcv85", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4zcet-wcv85", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210120-132611750", "type": "book_section", "title": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer: Phase I fiber injection unit early performance and commissioning", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Morris", "given_name": "Evan C.", "clpid": "Morris-Evan-C" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Ruffio", "given_name": "Jean-Baptiste", "orcid": "0000-0003-2233-4821", "clpid": "Ruffio-Jean-Baptiste" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "orcid": "0000-0001-8953-1008", "clpid": "Delorme-Jacques-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Pezzato", "given_name": "Jacklyn", "clpid": "Pezzato-Jacklyn" }, { "family_name": "Bond", "given_name": "Charlotte Z.", "clpid": "Bond-Charlotte-Z" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andrew J.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6098-3924", "clpid": "Skemer-Andrew-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J.", "clpid": "Evans-Christopher-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J.", "clpid": "Bryant-Julia-J" }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro", "clpid": "Motohara-Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is an upgrade to the Keck II adaptive optics system and instrument suite with the goal of improving direct imaging and high-resolution spectroscopic characterization capabilities for giant exoplanets. KPIC Phase I includes a fiber injection unit (FIU) downstream of a new pyramid wavefront sensor, coupling planet light to a single mode fiber fed into NIRSPEC, Keck's high-resolution infrared spectrograph. This enables high-dispersion spectroscopy (HDS) of directly imaged exoplanets at smaller separation and higher contrast, improving our spectral characterization capabilities for these objects. Here, we report performance results from the KPIC Phase I FIU commissioning, including analysis of throughput, stability, and sensitivity of the instrument.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2560852", "isbn": "9781510636811", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-28", "pages": "Art. No. 1144761" }, { "id": "authors:wr5by-smq73", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wr5by-smq73", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201216-152241196", "type": "book_section", "title": "The ExoGRAVITY project: using single mode interferometry to characterize exoplanets", "book_title": "Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lacour", "given_name": "S.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6948-0263", "clpid": "Lacour-Sylvestre" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "J. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Nowak", "given_name": "Mathias" }, { "family_name": "Pueyo", "given_name": "Laurent A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3818-408X" }, { "family_name": "Eisenhauer", "given_name": "Frank" }, { "family_name": "Lagrange", "given_name": "A.-M." }, { "family_name": "Molli\u00e8re", "given_name": "Paul", "orcid": "0000-0003-4096-7067" }, { "family_name": "Abuter", "given_name": "Roberto" }, { "family_name": "Amorin", "given_name": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, { "family_name": "Asensio-Torres", "given_name": "R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2990-0726" }, { "family_name": "Baubock", "given_name": "Michi" }, { "family_name": "Benisty", "given_name": "Myriam", "orcid": "0000-0002-7695-7605" }, { "family_name": "Berger", "given_name": "Jean-Philippe", "orcid": "0000-0001-5025-0428" }, { "family_name": "Beust", "given_name": "Herv\u00e9" }, { "family_name": "Blunt", "given_name": "S.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3199-2888", "clpid": "Blunt-Sarah-C" }, { "family_name": "Boccaletti", "given_name": "Anthony", "orcid": "0000-0001-9353-2724" }, { "family_name": "Bonnefoy", "given_name": "Micka\u00ebl", "orcid": "0000-0001-5579-5339" }, { "family_name": "Bonnet", "given_name": "Henri" }, { "family_name": "Brandner", "given_name": "Wolfgang", "orcid": "0000-0003-1939-6351" }, { "family_name": "Cantalloube", "given_name": "Faustine" }, { "family_name": "Caselli", "given_name": "Paola", "orcid": "0000-0003-1481-7911" }, { "family_name": "Charnay", "given_name": "Benjamin" }, { "family_name": "Chauvin", "given_name": "Gael" }, { "family_name": "Choquet", "given_name": "\u00c9lodie", "orcid": "0000-0002-9173-0740" }, { "family_name": "Christiaens", "given_name": "Valentin", "orcid": "0000-0002-0101-8814" }, { "family_name": "Cl\u00e9net", "given_name": "Yann" }, { "family_name": "Cridland", "given_name": "Alex" }, { "family_name": "de Zeeuw", "given_name": "Tim" }, { "family_name": "Dembet", "given_name": "Roderick" }, { "family_name": "Dexter", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-3903-0373" }, { "family_name": "Drescher", "given_name": "Antonia" }, { "family_name": "Duvert", "given_name": "Gilles" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Feng" }, { "family_name": "Garcia-Lopez", "given_name": "Rebeca" }, { "family_name": "Gardner", "given_name": "Tyler" }, { "family_name": "Gendron", "given_name": "Eric" }, { "family_name": "Genzel", "given_name": "Reinhard", "orcid": "0000-0002-2767-9653" }, { "family_name": "Gillessen", "given_name": "Stefan" }, { "family_name": "Girard", "given_name": "Julien H.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8627-0404" }, { "family_name": "Haubois", "given_name": "Xavier" }, { "family_name": "Heissel", "given_name": "Gernot" }, { "family_name": "Henning", "given_name": "Thomas", "orcid": "0000-0002-1493-300X", "clpid": "Henning-Thomas" }, { "family_name": "Hinkley", "given_name": "Sasha", "orcid": "0000-0001-8074-2562" }, { "family_name": "Hippler", "given_name": "Stefan" }, { "family_name": "Horrobin", "given_name": "Matthew" }, { "family_name": "Houlle", "given_name": "Matthis" }, { "family_name": "Hubert", "given_name": "Zoltan" }, { "family_name": "Jimenez Rosales", "given_name": "A" }, { "family_name": "Jocou", "given_name": "Laurent", "orcid": "0000-0001-9376-1818" }, { "family_name": "Kammerer", "given_name": "Jens" }, { "family_name": "Keppler", "given_name": "Miriam" }, { "family_name": "Kervella", "given_name": "Pierre", "orcid": "0000-0003-0626-1749" }, { "family_name": "Kreidberg", "given_name": "Laura", "orcid": "0000-0003-0514-1147" }, { "family_name": "Lapeyrere", "given_name": "Vincent" }, { "family_name": "Le Bouquin", "given_name": "Jean-Baptiste" }, { "family_name": "L\u00e9na", "given_name": "Pierre" }, { "family_name": "Lutz", "given_name": "Dieter", "orcid": "0000-0003-0291-9582" }, { "family_name": "Maire", "given_name": "Anne-Lise", "orcid": "0000-0002-2591-4138" }, { "family_name": "M\u00e9rand", "given_name": "Antoine" }, { "family_name": "Monnier", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0002-3380-3307" }, { "family_name": "Mouillet", "given_name": "David" }, { "family_name": "Muller", "given_name": "Andr\u00e9" }, { "family_name": "Nasedkin", "given_name": "E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9792-3121" }, { "family_name": "Ott", "given_name": "Thomas" }, { "family_name": "Otten", "given_name": "Gilles", "orcid": "0000-0002-6717-1977" }, { "family_name": "Paladini", "given_name": "Claudia" }, { "family_name": "Paumard", "given_name": "Thibaut" }, { "family_name": "Rousselet-Perraut", "given_name": "Karine" }, { "family_name": "Perrin", "given_name": "Guy S." }, { "family_name": "Pfuhl", "given_name": "Oliver" }, { "family_name": "Rameau", "given_name": "Julien", "orcid": "0000-0003-0029-0258" }, { "family_name": "Rodet", "given_name": "Laetitia" }, { "family_name": "Rodriguez-Coira", "given_name": "Gustavo" }, { "family_name": "Rousset", "given_name": "Gerard" }, { "family_name": "Shangguan", "given_name": "Jinyi" }, { "family_name": "Shimizu", "given_name": "Taro", "orcid": "0000-0002-2125-4670" }, { "family_name": "Stadler", "given_name": "Julia" }, { "family_name": "Straub", "given_name": "Odele" }, { "family_name": "Straubmeier", "given_name": "Christian" }, { "family_name": "Sturm", "given_name": "Eckhard" }, { "family_name": "Stolker", "given_name": "Tomas", "orcid": "0000-0002-5823-3072" }, { "family_name": "van Dishoeck", "given_name": "Ewine F.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7591-1907" }, { "family_name": "Vigan", "given_name": "Arthur", "orcid": "0000-0002-5902-7828" }, { "family_name": "Vincent", "given_name": "Frederic" }, { "family_name": "von Fellenberg", "given_name": "Sebastiano" }, { "family_name": "Ward Duong", "given_name": "Kimb", "orcid": "0000-0002-4479-8291" }, { "family_name": "Widmann", "given_name": "Felix" }, { "family_name": "Wieprecht", "given_name": "Ekkehard" }, { "family_name": "Wiezorrek", "given_name": "Erich" }, { "family_name": "Woillez", "given_name": "Julien" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Tuthill", "given_name": "Peter G.", "clpid": "Tuthill-Peter-G" }, { "family_name": "M\u00e9rand", "given_name": "Antoine", "clpid": "M\u00e9rand-Antoine" }, { "family_name": "Sallum", "given_name": "Stephanie", "clpid": "Sallum-Stephanie" } ], "abstract": "Combining adaptive optics and interferometric observations results in a considerable contrast gain compared to single-telescope, extreme AO systems. Taking advantage of this, the ExoGRAVITY project is a survey of known young giant exoplanets located in the range of 0.1\" to 2\" from their stars. The observations provide astrometric data of unprecedented accuracy, being crucial for refining the orbital parameters of planets and illuminating their dynamical histories. Furthermore, GRAVITY will measure non-Keplerian perturbations due to planet-planet interactions in multi-planet systems and measure dynamical masses. Over time, repetitive observations of the exoplanets at medium resolution (R = 500) will provide a catalogue of K-band spectra of unprecedented quality, for a number of exoplanets. The K-band has the unique properties that it contains many molecular signatures (CO, H\u2082O, CH\u2084, CO\u2082). This allows constraining precisely surface gravity, metallicity, and temperature, if used in conjunction with self-consistent models like Exo-REM. Further, we will use the parameter-retrieval algorithm petitRADTRANS to constrain the C/O ratio of the planets. Ultimately, we plan to produce the first C/O survey of exoplanets, kick-starting the difficult process of linking planetary formation with measured atomic abundances.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2561667", "isbn": "9781510636798", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-16", "pages": "Art. No. 114460O" }, { "id": "authors:mb4nr-v7512", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mb4nr-v7512", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201217-124457843", "type": "book_section", "title": "The Planet as Exoplanet Analog Spectrograph (PEAS): design and first-light", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Emily C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0618-5128", "clpid": "Martin-Emily-C" }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andrew J.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6098-3924", "clpid": "Skemer-Andrew-J" }, { "family_name": "Radovan", "given_name": "Matthew V.", "clpid": "Radovan-Matthew-V" }, { "family_name": "Allen", "given_name": "Steven L.", "clpid": "Allen-Steven-L" }, { "family_name": "Black", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Black-David" }, { "family_name": "Deich", "given_name": "William T. S.", "clpid": "Deich-William-T-S" }, { "family_name": "Fortney", "given_name": "Jonathan J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9843-4354", "clpid": "Fortney-Jonathan-J" }, { "family_name": "Kruglikov", "given_name": "Gabriel", "clpid": "Kruglikov-Gabriel" }, { "family_name": "MacDonald", "given_name": "Nicholas", "clpid": "MacDonald-Nicholas" }, { "family_name": "Marques", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Marques-David" }, { "family_name": "Morris", "given_name": "Evan C.", "clpid": "Morris-Evan-C" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "Andrew C.", "clpid": "Phillips-Andrew-C" }, { "family_name": "Sandford", "given_name": "Dale", "clpid": "Sandford-Dale" }, { "family_name": "Valencia", "given_name": "Julissa Villalobos", "clpid": "Valencia-Julissa-Villalobos" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Zachary", "given_name": "Pavl", "clpid": "Zachary-Pavl" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J.", "clpid": "Evans-Christopher-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J.", "clpid": "Bryant-Julia-J" }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro", "clpid": "Motohara-Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "Exoplanets are abundant in our galaxy and yet characterizing them remains a technical challenge. Solar System planets provide an opportunity to test the practical limitations of exoplanet observations with high signal-to-noise data that we cannot access for exoplanets. However, data on Solar System planets differ from exoplanets in that Solar System planets are spatially resolved while exoplanets are unresolved point-sources. We present a novel instrument designed to observe Solar System planets as though they are exoplanets, the Planet as Exoplanet Analog Spectrograph (PEAS). PEAS consists of a dedicated 0.5-m telescope and off-the-shelf optics, located at Lick Observatory. PEAS uses an integrating sphere to disk-integrate light from the Solar System planets, producing spatially mixed light more similar to the spectra we can obtain from exoplanets. This paper describes the general system design and early results of the PEAS instrument.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2560706", "isbn": "9781510636811", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-15", "pages": "Art. No. 114470T" }, { "id": "authors:1k0m6-qtb10", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1k0m6-qtb10", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210108-151411572", "type": "book_section", "title": "Gemini Planet Imager observational calibrations XV: instrument calibrations after six years on sky", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "De Rosa", "given_name": "Robert J.", "clpid": "De-Rosa-Robert-J" }, { "family_name": "Esposito", "given_name": "Thomas M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0792-3719", "clpid": "Esposito-Thomas-M" }, { "family_name": "Gibbs", "given_name": "Aidan", "clpid": "Gibbs-Aidan" }, { "family_name": "Bailey", "given_name": "Vanessa P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5407-2806", "clpid": "Bailey-Vanessa-P" }, { "family_name": "Fitzgerald", "given_name": "Michael P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0176-8973", "clpid": "Fitzgerald-Michael-P" }, { "family_name": "Chilcote", "given_name": "Jeffrey", "orcid": "0000-0001-6305-7272", "clpid": "Chilcote-Jeffrey-K" }, { "family_name": "Duch\u00eane", "given_name": "Gaspard", "orcid": "0000-0002-5092-6464", "clpid": "Duch\u00eane-Gaspard" }, { "family_name": "Konopacky", "given_name": "Quinn", "orcid": "0000-0002-9936-6285", "clpid": "Konopacky-Quinn-M" }, { "family_name": "Macintosh", "given_name": "Bruce", "orcid": "0000-0003-1212-7538", "clpid": "Macintosh-Bruce-A" }, { "family_name": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given_name": "Maxwell A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233", "clpid": "Millar-Blanchaer-Maxwell-A" }, { "family_name": "Nguyen", "given_name": "Meiji M.", "clpid": "Nguyen-Meiji-M" }, { "family_name": "Nielsen", "given_name": "Eric L.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6975-9056", "clpid": "Nielsen-Eric-L" }, { "family_name": "Perrin", "given_name": "Marshall D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3191-8151", "clpid": "Perrin-Marshall-D" }, { "family_name": "Rameau", "given_name": "Julien", "orcid": "0000-0003-0029-0258", "clpid": "Rameau-Julien" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J.", "clpid": "Evans-Christopher-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J.", "clpid": "Bryant-Julia-J" }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro", "clpid": "Motohara-Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a high-contrast adaptive optics instrument designed to detect and characterize substellar companions and circumstellar debris disks around nearby young stars using infrared integral field spectroscopy and polarimetry. GPI has been in routine operations at Gemini South for the past six years. Because precise astrometry and photometry of exoplanets is critical to GPI's science, we undertook extensive efforts both in-lab and on-sky to refine the astrometric and photometric calibration of the instrument. We describe revisions to the GPI Data Reduction Pipeline (DRP) that account for these revised calibrations, and that fix several issues identified over the previous six years, including some subtle issues affecting astrometric calibrations caused by a drift of the instrument's clock. These calibrations are critical for the interpretation of observations obtained with GPI, and for a comparison with measurements from other high-contrast imaging instruments.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2561071", "isbn": "9781510636811", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-13", "pages": "Art. No. 114475A" }, { "id": "authors:5zq13-skd02", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5zq13-skd02", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210104-152311891", "type": "book_section", "title": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer: A dedicated single-mode fiber injection unit for high resolution exoplanet spectroscopy", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "orcid": "0000-0001-8953-1008", "clpid": "Delorme-Jacques-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-Nemanja" }, { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "J. Kent", "clpid": "Wallace-James-Kent" }, { "family_name": "Bartos", "given_name": "Randall D.", "clpid": "Bartos-Randall-D" }, { "family_name": "Cetre", "given_name": "Sylvain" }, { "family_name": "Wizinowich", "given_name": "Peter", "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" }, { "family_name": "Ragland", "given_name": "Sam", "orcid": "0000-0002-0696-1780" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Ruffio", "given_name": "Jean Baptist", "orcid": "0000-0003-2233-4821", "clpid": "Ruffio-Jean-Baptiste" }, { "family_name": "Lilley", "given_name": "Scott" }, { "family_name": "Wetherell", "given_name": "Edward" }, { "family_name": "Doppmann", "given_name": "Greg" }, { "family_name": "Fitzgerald", "given_name": "Michael", "orcid": "0000-0002-0176-8973" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" }, { "family_name": "Shofield", "given_name": "Tobias", "clpid": "Shofield-Tobias" }, { "family_name": "Calvin", "given_name": "Benjamin", "clpid": "Calvin-Benjamin-A" }, { "family_name": "Morris", "given_name": "Evan" }, { "family_name": "Pezzato", "given_name": "Jacklyn", "clpid": "Pezzato-Jacklyn" }, { "family_name": "Llop Sayson", "given_name": "Jorge", "clpid": "Llop-Sayson-J-D" }, { "family_name": "Magnone", "given_name": "Ken" }, { "family_name": "Johnson", "given_name": "Chris" }, { "family_name": "Shohn", "given_name": "Jiman" }, { "family_name": "Bond", "given_name": "Charlotte Z." }, { "family_name": "Chun", "given_name": "Mark", "orcid": "0000-0002-8462-0703" }, { "family_name": "Suominen", "given_name": "Nick" }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andy", "orcid": "0000-0001-6098-3924" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J.", "clpid": "Evans-Christopher-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J.", "clpid": "Bryant-Julia-J" }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro", "clpid": "Motohara-Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is a purpose-built instrument to demonstrate new tech- nological and instrumental concepts initially developed for the exoplanet direct imaging field. Located downstream of the current Keck II adaptive optic system, KPIC contains a fiber injection unit (FIU) capable of combining the high-contrast imaging capability of the adaptive optic system with the high dispersion spectroscopy capability of the current Keck high resolution infrared spectrograph (NIRSPEC). Deployed at Keck in September 2018, this instrument has already been used to acquire high resolution spectra (R < 35, 000) of multiple targets of interest. In the near term, it will be used to spectrally characterize known directly imaged exoplanets and low-mass brown dwarf companions visible in the northern hemisphere with a spectral resolution high enough to enable spin and planetary radial velocity measurements as well as Doppler imaging of atmospheric weather phenomena. Here we present the design of the FIU, the unique calibration procedures needed to operate a single-mode fiber instrument and the system performance.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2562836", "isbn": "9781510636811", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-13", "pages": "Art. No. 114471P" }, { "id": "authors:8jm2s-70432", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8jm2s-70432", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210107-140049771", "type": "book_section", "title": "DiskFM: A forward modeling tool for disk analysis with coronagraphic instruments", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Mazoyer", "given_name": "Johan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9133-3091", "clpid": "Mazoyer-Johan" }, { "family_name": "Arriaga", "given_name": "Pauline", "orcid": "0000-0001-6364-2834", "clpid": "Arriaga-Pauline" }, { "family_name": "Hom", "given_name": "Justin", "orcid": "0000-0001-9994-2142", "clpid": "Hom-Justin" }, { "family_name": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given_name": "Maxwell A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233", "clpid": "Millar-Blanchaer-Maxwell-A" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Christine", "clpid": "Chen-Christine" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Duch\u00eane", "given_name": "Gaspard", "orcid": "0000-0002-5092-6464", "clpid": "Duch\u00eane-Gaspard" }, { "family_name": "Patience", "given_name": "Jennifer", "clpid": "Patience-Jennifer" }, { "family_name": "Pueyo", "given_name": "Laurent", "orcid": "0000-0003-3818-408X", "clpid": "Pueyo-Laurent" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J.", "clpid": "Evans-Christopher-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J.", "clpid": "Bryant-Julia-J" }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro", "clpid": "Motohara-Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "Because of bright starlight leakage in coronagraphic raw images, faint astrophysical objects such as exoplanets can only be detected using powerful point spread function (PSF) subtraction algorithms. However, these algorithms have strong effects on faint objects of interest, and often prevent precise spectroscopic analysis and scattering property measurements of circumstellar disks. For this reason, PSF-subtraction effects is currently the main limitations to the precise characterization of exoplanetary dust with scattered-light imaging. Forward modeling techniques have long been developed for point source objects (Pueyo 2016). However, Forward Modeling with disks is complicated by the fact that the disk cannot be simplified using a simple point source convolved by the PSF as the astrophysical model; all hypothetical disk morphologies must be explored to understand the subtle and non-linear effects of the PSF subtraction algorithm on the shape and local geometry of these systems. Because of their complex geometries, the forward-modeling process has to be repeated tens or hundred of thousands of times on disks with slightly different physical properties. All of these geometries are then compared to the PSF-subtracted image of the data, within an MCMC or a Chi-square wrapper. In this paper, we present here DiskFM, a new open-source algorithm included in the PSF subtraction algo- rithms package pyKLIP. This code allows to produce fast forward-modeling for a variety of observation strategies (ADI, SDI, ADI+SDI, RDI). pyKLIP has already been used for SPHERE/IRDIS and GPI data. It is readily available on all instruments supported by pyKLIP (SPHERE/IFS, SCExAO/CHARIS), and can be quickly adapted for other coronagraphic instruments.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2560091", "isbn": "9781510636811", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-13", "pages": "Art. No. 1144759" }, { "id": "authors:ksm43-jqd87", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ksm43-jqd87", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201222-074738306", "type": "book_section", "title": "Detecting and characterizing close-in exoplanets with vortex fiber nulling", "book_title": "Optical and Infrared Interferometry and Imaging VII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" }, { "family_name": "Calvin", "given_name": "Benjamin", "clpid": "Calvin-Benjamin-A" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-Nemanja" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "clpid": "Delorme-Jacques-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given_name": "Maxwell", "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233", "clpid": "Millar-Blanchaer-Maxwell-A" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Serabyn", "given_name": "Eugene", "clpid": "Serabyn-Eugene" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "J. Kent", "orcid": "0000-0001-5299-6899", "clpid": "Wallace-J-Kent" }, { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Stefan", "clpid": "Martin-Stefan-R" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Tuthill", "given_name": "Peter G.", "clpid": "Tuthill-Peter-G" }, { "family_name": "M\u00e9rand", "given_name": "Antoine", "clpid": "M\u00e9rand-Antoine" }, { "family_name": "Sallum", "given_name": "Stephanie", "clpid": "Sallum-Stephanie" } ], "abstract": "Vortex Fiber Nulling (VFN) is an interferometric method for suppressing starlight to detect and spectroscopically characterize exoplanets. It relies on a vortex phase mask and single-mode fiber to reject starlight while simultaneously coupling up to 20% of the planet light at separations of \u227e 1\u03bb/D, thereby enabling spectroscopic characterization of a large population of RV and transit-detected planets, among others, that are inaccessible to conventional coronagraphs. VFN has been demonstrated in the lab at visible wavelengths and here we present the latest results of these experiments. This includes polychromatic nulls of 5 10\u207b\u2074 in 10% bandwidth light centered around 790 nm. An upgraded testbed has been designed and is being built in the lab now; we also present a status update on that work here. Finally, we present preliminary K-band (2 micron) fiber nulling results with the infrared mask that will be used on-sky as part of a VFN mode for the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer Instrument in 2021.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2563142", "isbn": "9781510636798", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-13", "pages": "Art. No. 1144619" }, { "id": "authors:pzq9q-8b792", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pzq9q-8b792", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201222-073413143", "type": "book_section", "title": "Enhanced high-dispersion coronagraphy with KPIC phase II: design, assembly and status of sub-modules", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "N.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-Nemanja" }, { "family_name": "Calvin", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Calvin-Benjamin-A" }, { "family_name": "Porter", "given_name": "M.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3168-5586", "clpid": "Porter-Michael-D" }, { "family_name": "Schofield", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Schofield-Tobias" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Roberts-Mitsuko" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "J. K.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5299-6899", "clpid": "Wallace-J-Kent" }, { "family_name": "Bartos", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Bartos-Randall-D" }, { "family_name": "Pezzato", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Pezzato-Jacklyn" }, { "family_name": "Colborn", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Colborn-Jennah-K" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "J. R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8953-1008", "clpid": "Delorme-Jacques-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Bond", "given_name": "C. Z.", "clpid": "Bond-Charlotte-Z" }, { "family_name": "Cetre", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Cetre-Sylvain" }, { "family_name": "Lilley", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Lilley-Scott-J" }, { "family_name": "Ragland", "given_name": "Sam", "clpid": "Ragland-Sam" }, { "family_name": "Wizinowich", "given_name": "P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X", "clpid": "Wizinowich-Peter-L" }, { "family_name": "Jensen-Clem", "given_name": "R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0054-2953", "clpid": "Jensen-Clem-R-M" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J.", "clpid": "Evans-Christopher-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J.", "clpid": "Bryant-Julia-J" }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro", "clpid": "Motohara-Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is a purpose-built instrument for high-dispersion coronagraphy in the K and L bands on Keck. This instrument will provide the first high resolution (R>30,000) spectra of known directly imaged exoplanets and low-mass brown dwarf companions visible in the northern hemisphere. KPIC is developed in phases. Phase I is currently at Keck in the early operations stage, and the phase II upgrade will deploy in late 2021. The goal of phase II is to maximize the throughput for planet light and minimize the stellar leakage, hence reducing the exposure time needed to acquire spectra with a given signal-to- noise ratio. To achieve this, KPIC phase II exploits several innovative technologies that have not been combined this way before. These include a 1000-element deformable mirror for wavefront correction and speckle control, a set of lossless beam shaping optics to maximize coupling into the fiber, a pupil apodizer to suppress unwanted starlight, a pupil plane vortex mask to enable the acquisition of spectra at and within the diffraction limit, and an atmospheric dispersion compensator. These modules, when combined with the active fiber injection unit present in phase I, will make for a highly efficient exoplanet characterization platform. In this paper, we will present the final design of the optics and opto-mechanics and highlight some innovative solutions we implemented to facilitate all the new capabilities. We will provide an overview of the assembly and laboratory testing of the sub-modules and some of the results. Finally, we will outline the deployment timeline.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2563107", "isbn": "9781510636811", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-13", "pages": "Art. No. 114474U" }, { "id": "authors:veb75-ddn82", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "veb75-ddn82", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201222-141822676", "type": "book_section", "title": "GPI 2.0: Upgrades to the IFS including new spectral modes", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Limbach", "given_name": "Mary Anne", "clpid": "Limbach-Mary-Anne" }, { "family_name": "Chilcote", "given_name": "Jeffrey", "orcid": "0000-0001-6305-7272", "clpid": "Chilcote-Jeffrey-K" }, { "family_name": "Konopacky", "given_name": "Quinn", "orcid": "0000-0002-9936-6285", "clpid": "Konopacky-Quinn-M" }, { "family_name": "De Rosa", "given_name": "Robert", "orcid": "0000-0002-4918-0247", "clpid": "De-Rosa-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Hamper", "given_name": "Randall", "clpid": "Hamper-Randall" }, { "family_name": "Macintosh", "given_name": "Bruce", "orcid": "0000-0003-1212-7538", "clpid": "Macintosh-Bruce-A" }, { "family_name": "Marois", "given_name": "Christian", "orcid": "0000-0002-4164-4182", "clpid": "Marois-Christian" }, { "family_name": "Perrin", "given_name": "Marshall", "orcid": "0000-0002-3191-8151", "clpid": "Perrin-Marshall-D" }, { "family_name": "Savransky", "given_name": "Dmitry", "orcid": "0000-0002-8711-7206", "clpid": "Savransky-Dmitry" }, { "family_name": "V\u00e9ran", "given_name": "Jean-Pierre", "clpid": "V\u00e9ran-Jean-Pierre" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Aleman", "given_name": "Arlene", "clpid": "Aleman-Arlene" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J.", "clpid": "Evans-Christopher-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J.", "clpid": "Bryant-Julia-J" }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro", "clpid": "Motohara-Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "The Gemini Planet Imager (GPI) is a high-contrast imaging instrument designed to directly image and characterize exoplanets. GPI is currently undergoing several upgrades to improve performance. In this paper, we discuss the upgrades to the GPI IFS. This primarily focuses on the design and performance improvements of new prisms and filters. This includes an improved high-resolution prism which will provide more evenly dispersed spectra across y, J, H and K-bands. Additionally, we discuss the design and implementation of a new low-resolution mode and prism which allow for imaging of all four bands (y, J, H and K-bands) simultaneously at R\u224810. We explore the possibility of using a multiband filter which would block the light between the four spectral bands. We discuss possible performance improvements from the multiband filter, if implemented. Finally we explore the possibility of making small changes to the optical design to improve the IFS's performance near the edge of the field of view.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2576331", "isbn": "9781510636811", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-13", "pages": "Art. No. 114475D" }, { "id": "authors:x2jd1-k6t60", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x2jd1-k6t60", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201217-151051056", "type": "book_section", "title": "An atmospheric dispersion corrector design with milliarcsecond-level precision from 1 to 4 microns for high dispersion coronagraphy", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "J. Kent", "orcid": "0000-0001-5299-6899", "clpid": "Wallace-J-Kent" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-Nemanja" }, { "family_name": "Guyon", "given_name": "Olivier", "orcid": "0000-0002-1097-9908", "clpid": "Guyon-Olivier" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Mitsuko", "clpid": "Roberts-Mitsuko" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J.", "clpid": "Evans-Christopher-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J.", "clpid": "Bryant-Julia-J" }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro", "clpid": "Motohara-Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "Differential atmospheric refraction (DAR) limits the amount of light that can be coupled into a single mode fiber and provides additional complications for any fiber tracking system. We present an atmospheric dispersion corrector (ADC) design based off of two counter-rotating prisms to fit the needs of exoplanet spectroscopy for the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) from 1.1 to 4.2 microns. Due to strong telluric effects, we find that the default Zemax prescription for DAR between 2 and 4.2 microns to be inaccurate up to 15 mas when comparing against DAR models computed from first principles. Using first-principle models, we developed our own custom ADC optimization solution and achieve less than 4 mas residual dispersion in any individual science band (J, K, L) down to 60 degree zenith angles, while the whole time maintaining less than 3 mas of residual dispersion in the tracking band (H) and less than 2 mas of residual dispersion between the tracking and science bands.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2562654", "isbn": "9781510636811", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-12-13", "pages": "Art. No. 1144754" }, { "id": "authors:gd7fh-4t086", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gd7fh-4t086", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-141939947", "type": "book_section", "title": "The vortex fiber nulling mode of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC)", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-Nemanja" }, { "family_name": "Hayama", "given_name": "Thomas", "clpid": "Hayama-Thomas" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "clpid": "Delorme-Jacques-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Pezzato", "given_name": "Jacklyn", "clpid": "Pezzato-Jacklyn" }, { "family_name": "Bond", "given_name": "Charlotte Z.", "clpid": "Bond-Charlotte-Z" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "J. Kent", "orcid": "0000-0001-5299-6899", "clpid": "Wallace-J-Kent" }, { "family_name": "Serabyn", "given_name": "Eugene", "clpid": "Serabyn-Eugene" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Shaklan", "given_name": "Stuart B.", "clpid": "Shaklan-Stuart-B" } ], "abstract": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is an upgrade to the Keck II adaptive optics system that includes an active fiber injection unit (FIU) for efficiently routing light from exoplanets to NIRSPEC, a high-resolution spectrograph. Towards the end of 2019, we will add a suite of new coronagraph modes as well as a\nhigh-order deformable mirror. One of these modes, operating in K-band (2.2 \u00b5m), will be the first vortex fiber nuller to go on sky. Vortex Fiber Nulling (VFN) is a new interferometric method for suppressing starlight in order to spectroscopically characterize exoplanets at angular separations that are inaccessible with conventional coronagraph systems. A monochromatic starlight suppression of 6 x 10^(-5) in 635 nm laser light has already been demonstrated on a VFN testbed in the lab. A polychromatic experiment is now underway and coupling efficiencies of < 5 x 10^(-4) and ~5% have been demonstrated for the star and planet respectively in 10% bandwidth light. Here we describe those experiments, the new KPIC VFN mode, and the expected performance of this mode using realistic parameters determined from on-sky tests done during the KPIC commissioning.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2528529", "isbn": "9781510629271", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-09-09", "pages": "Art. No. 111170V" }, { "id": "authors:7k605-4wj20", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7k605-4wj20", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-110942196", "type": "book_section", "title": "Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer: demonstrating advanced exoplanet characterization techniques for future extremely large telescopes (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-Nemanja" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "clpid": "Delorme-Jacques-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Bond", "given_name": "Charlotte Z.", "clpid": "Bond-Charlotte-Z" }, { "family_name": "Cetre", "given_name": "Sylvain", "clpid": "Cetre-Sylvain" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "James K.", "clpid": "Wallace-James-K" }, { "family_name": "Bartos", "given_name": "Randall", "clpid": "Bartos-Randall-D" }, { "family_name": "Lilley", "given_name": "Scott", "clpid": "Lilley-Scott-J" }, { "family_name": "Ragland", "given_name": "Sam", "clpid": "Ragland-Sam" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" }, { "family_name": "Wizinowich", "given_name": "Peter", "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X", "clpid": "Wizinowich-Peter-L" }, { "family_name": "Chun", "given_name": "Mark", "clpid": "Chun-Mark-R" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Ji", "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885", "clpid": "Wang-Ji" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Fitzgerald", "given_name": "Michael", "orcid": "0000-0002-0176-8973", "clpid": "Fitzgerald-Michael-P" }, { "family_name": "Pezzato", "given_name": "Jacklyn", "clpid": "Pezzato-Jacklyn" }, { "family_name": "Matthews", "given_name": "Keith", "clpid": "Matthews-Keith-Astronomy" }, { "family_name": "Calvin", "given_name": "Ben", "clpid": "Calvin-Ben" }, { "family_name": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given_name": "Maxwell", "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233", "clpid": "Millar-Blanchaer-Maxwell-A" }, { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Emily C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0618-5128", "clpid": "Martin-Emily-C" }, { "family_name": "Wetherell", "given_name": "Edward", "clpid": "Wetherell-Edward" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Eric", "clpid": "Wang-Eric" }, { "family_name": "Jacobson", "given_name": "Shane", "clpid": "Jacobson-Shane-M" }, { "family_name": "Warmbier", "given_name": "Eric", "clpid": "Warmbier-Eric-A" }, { "family_name": "Lockhart", "given_name": "Charles", "clpid": "Lockhart-Charles" }, { "family_name": "Hall", "given_name": "Don", "clpid": "Hall-Don-N-B" }, { "family_name": "Jensen-Clem", "given_name": "Rebecca", "orcid": "0000-0003-0054-2953", "clpid": "Jensen-Clem-Rebecca-M" }, { "family_name": "McEwen", "given_name": "Eden", "clpid": "McEwen-Eden" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Shaklan", "given_name": "Stuart B.", "clpid": "Shaklan-S-B" } ], "abstract": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is an upgrade to the Keck II adaptive optics system enabling high contrast imaging and high-resolution spectroscopic characterization of giant exoplanets in the mid-infrared (2-5 microns). The KPIC instrument will be developed in phases. Phase I entails the installation of an infrared pyramid wavefront sensor (PyWFS) based on a fast, low-noise SAPHIRA IR-APD array. The ultra-sensitive infrared PyWFS will enable high contrast studies of infant exoplanets around cool, red, and/or obscured targets in star forming regions. In addition, the light downstream of the PyWFS will be coupled into an array of single-mode fibers with the aid of an active fiber injection unit (FIU). In turn, these fibers route light to Keck's high-resolution infrared spectrograph NIRSPEC, so that high dispersion coronagraphy (HDC) can be implemented for the first time. HDC optimally pairs high contrast imaging and high-resolution spectroscopy allowing detailed characterization of exoplanet atmospheres, including molecular composition, spin measurements, and Doppler imaging. We will provide an overview of the instrument, its science scope, and report on recent results from on-sky commissioning of Phase I. We will discuss plans for optimizing the instrument to seed designs for similar modes on extremely large telescopes.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2529330", "isbn": "9781510629271", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-09-09", "pages": "Art. No. 111170T" }, { "id": "authors:t7393-rqr30", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t7393-rqr30", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-135826007", "type": "book_section", "title": "Status of the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer phase II development", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Pezzato", "given_name": "Jacklyn", "clpid": "Pezzato-Jacklyn" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-Nemanja" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-Garreth-J" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "James K.", "clpid": "Wallace-James-K" }, { "family_name": "Colborn", "given_name": "Jennah K.", "clpid": "Colborn-Jennah-K" }, { "family_name": "Cetre", "given_name": "Sylvain", "clpid": "Cetre-Sylvain" }, { "family_name": "Bond", "given_name": "Charlotte Z.", "clpid": "Bond-Charlotte-Z" }, { "family_name": "Bartos", "given_name": "Randall", "clpid": "Bartos-Randall-D" }, { "family_name": "Calvin", "given_name": "Benjamin", "clpid": "Calvin-Benjamin-A" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "clpid": "Delorme-Jacques-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Jensen-Clem", "given_name": "Rebecca", "orcid": "0000-0003-0054-2953", "clpid": "Jensen-Clem-Rebecca-M" }, { "family_name": "McEwen", "given_name": "Eden", "clpid": "McEwen-Eden" }, { "family_name": "Lilley", "given_name": "Scott", "clpid": "Lilley-Scott-J" }, { "family_name": "Wetherell", "given_name": "Ed", "clpid": "Wetherell-Edward" }, { "family_name": "Wizinowich", "given_name": "Peter", "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X", "clpid": "Wizinowich-Peter-L" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Shaklan", "given_name": "Stuart B.", "clpid": "Shaklan-Stuart-B" } ], "abstract": "The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer comprises of a series of upgrades to the Keck II adaptive optics system and instrument suite to improve the direct imaging and high resolution spectroscopy capabilities of the facility instruments NIRC2 and NIRSPEC, respectively. Phase I of KPIC includes a NIR pyramid wavefront sensor and a Fiber Injection Unit (FIU) to feed NIRSPEC with a single mode fiber, which have already been installed and are currently undergoing commissioning. KPIC will enable High Dispersion Coronagraphy (HDC) of directly imaged exoplanets for the first time, providing potentially improved detection significance and spectral characterization capabilities compared to direct imaging. In favorable cases, Doppler imaging, spin measurements, and molecule mapping are also possible. This science goal drives the development of phase II of KPIC, which is scheduled to be deployed in early 2020. Phase II optimizes the system throughput and contrast using a variety of additional submodules, including a 952 element deformable mirror, phase induced amplitude apodization lenses, an atmospheric dispersion compensator, multiple coronagraphs, a Zernike wavefront sensor, and multiple science ports. A testbed is being built in the Exoplanet Technology Lab at Caltech to characterize and test the design of each of these submodules before KPIC phase II is deployed to Keck. This paper presents an overview of the design of phase II and report on results from laboratory testing.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2529685", "isbn": "9781510629271", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-09-09", "pages": "Art. No. 111170U" }, { "id": "authors:5cpb4-njs34", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5cpb4-njs34", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-162000191", "type": "book_section", "title": "Vortex fiber nulling for exoplanet observations: conceptual design, theoretical performance, and initial scientific yield predictions", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Echeverri", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040", "clpid": "Echeverri-D" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "clpid": "Jovanovic-N" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Serabyn", "given_name": "Eugene", "clpid": "Serabyn-E" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "J. Kent", "clpid": "Wallace-J-K" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Batalha", "given_name": "Natasha", "clpid": "Batalha-N-M" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Shaklan", "given_name": "Stuart B.", "clpid": "Shaklan-S-B" } ], "abstract": "Vortex fiber nulling (VFN) is a method that may enable the detection and characterization of exoplanets at small angular separations (0.5-2 \u03bb/D) with ground- and space-based telescopes. Since the field of view is within the inner working angle of most coronagraphs, nulling accesses non-transiting planets that are otherwise too close to their star for spectral characterization by other means, thereby significantly increasing the number of known exoplanets available for direct spectroscopy in the near-infrared. Furthermore, VFN targets planets on closer-in orbits which tend to have more favorable planet-to-star flux ratios in reflected light. Here, we present the theory and applications of VFN, show that the optical performance is approximately equivalent for a variety of implementations and aperture shapes, and discuss the trade-offs between throughput and engineering requirements using numerical simulations. We compare vector and scalar approaches and, finally, show that beam shaping optics may be used to significantly improve the throughput for planet light. Based on theoretical performance, we estimate the number of known planets and theoretical exoEarths accessible with a VFN instrument linked to a high-resolution spectrograph on the future Thirty Meter Telescope.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2528555", "isbn": "9781510629271", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-09-09", "pages": "Art. No. 1111716" } ]