- Varshavsky, Alexander; Lewis, Kim; et el. (2023) Deletions
of DNA in cancer and their possible uses for therapy; Bioessays; 10.1002/bies.202300051
- Varshavsky, Alexander; Finley, Daniel; et el. (2023) Dieter
Wolf (1941–2023): a life dedicated to understanding protein quality
control and the ubiquitin‐proteasome system; EMBO Journal; Vol. 42;
No. 11; Art. No. e114222; 10.15252/embj.2023114222
- Kim, Bong Heon; Kim, Min Kyung; et el. (2022) Crystal
structure of the Ate1 arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase and arginylation
of N-degron substrates; Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 119; No. 31; Art.
No. e2209597119; PMCID PMC9351520; 10.1073/pnas.2209597119
- Chen, Shun-Jia; Kim, Leehyeon; et el. (2021) Aminopeptidases
trim Xaa-Pro proteins, initiating their degradation by the Pro/N-degron
pathway; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America; Vol. 118; No. 43; Art. No. e2115430118; PMCID
PMC8639330; 10.1073/pnas.2115430118
- Vu, Tri T. M.; Mitchell, Dylan C.; et el. (2020) The
Arg/N-degron pathway targets transcription factors and regulates
specific genes; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
the United States of America; Vol. 117; No. 49; 31094-31104; PMCID
PMC7733807; 10.1073/pnas.2020124117
- Vu, Tri T. M. and Varshavsky, Alexander (2020) The
ATF3 Transcription Factor Is a Short-Lived Substrate of the Arg/N-Degron
Pathway; Biochemistry; Vol. 59; No. 30; 2796-2812; PMCID PMC7669821;
10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00514
- Dong, Cheng; Chen, Shun-Jia; et el. (2020) Recognition
of nonproline N-terminal residues by the Pro/N-degron pathway;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 117; No. 25; 14158-14167; PMCID PMC7322002; 10.1073/pnas.2007085117
- Oh, Jang-Hyun; Hyun, Ju-Yeon; et el. (2020) Five
enzymes of the Arg/N-degron pathway form a targeting complex: The
concept of superchanneling; Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 117; No. 20; 10778-10788;
PMCID PMC7245096; 10.1073/pnas.2003043117
- Chen, Shun-Jia; Melnykov, Artem; et el. (2020) Evolution
of Substrates and Components of the Pro/N-Degron Pathway;
Biochemistry; Vol. 59; No. 4; 582-593; PMCID PMC7286083; 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00953
- Melnykov, Artem; Chen, Shun-Jia; et el. (2019) Gid10
as an alternative N-recognin of the Pro/N-degron pathway;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 116; No. 32; 15914-15923; PMCID PMC6689949; 10.1073/pnas.1908304116
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2019) On
the cause of sleep: Protein fragments, the concept of sentinels, and
links to epilepsy; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the United States of America; Vol. 116; No. 22; 10773-10782; PMCID
PMC6561186; 10.1073/pnas.1904709116
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2019) N-degron
and C-degron pathways of protein degradation; Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 116;
No. 2; 358-366; PMCID PMC6329975; 10.1073/pnas.1816596116
- Kim, Jeong-Mok; Seok, Ok-Hee; et el. (2018) Formyl-methionine
as an N-degron of a eukaryotic N-end rule pathway; Science; Vol.
362; No. 6418; Art. No. eaat0174; PMCID PMC6551516; 10.1126/science.aat0174
- Dougan, David A. and Varshavsky, Alexander (2018) Understanding
the Pro/N-end rule pathway; Nature Chemical Biology; Vol. 14; No. 5;
415-416; 10.1038/s41589-018-0045-0
- Oh, Jang-Hyun; Chen, Shun-Jia; et el. (2017) A
reference-based protein degradation assay without global translation
inhibitors; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 292; No. 52;
21457-21465; PMCID PMC5766948; 10.1074/jbc.M117.814236
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2017) The
Ubiquitin System, Autophagy, and Regulated Protein Degradation;
Annual Review of Biochemistry; Vol. 86; 123-128; 10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044859
- Oh, Jang-Hyun; Hyun, Ju-Yeon; et el. (2017) Control
of Hsp90 chaperone and its clients by N-terminal acetylation and the
N-end rule pathway; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the United States of America; Vol. 114; No. 22; E4370-E4379; PMCID
PMC5465900; 10.1073/pnas.1705898114
- Chen, Shun-Jia; Wu, Xia; et el. (2017) An
N-end rule pathway that recognizes proline and destroys gluconeogenic
enzymes; Science; Vol. 355; No. 6323; Art. No. eaal3655; PMCID
PMC5457285; 10.1126/science.aal3655
- Wadas, Brandon; Piatkov, Konstantin; et el. (2016) Analyzing
N-terminal Arginylation Through the Use of Peptide Arrays and
Degradation Assays; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 291;
No. 40; Art. No. 20976; PMCID PMC5076509; 10.1074/jbc.M116.747956
- Wadas, Brandon; Borjigin, Jimo; et el. (2016) Degradation
of Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase, a Circadian Regulator, by the N-end
Rule Pathway; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 291; No. 33;
17178-17196; PMCID PMC5016120; 10.1074/jbc.M116.734640
- Liu, Yu-Jiao; Liu, Chao; et el. (2016) Degradation
of the Separase-cleaved Rec8, a Meiotic Cohesin Subunit, by the N-end
Rule Pathway; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 291; No. 14;
7426-7438; PMCID PMC4817174; 10.1074/jbc.M116.714964
- Piatkov, Konstantin; Vu, Tri; et el. (2015) Formyl-methionine
as a degradation signal at the N-termini of bacterial proteins;
Microbial Cell; Vol. 2; No. 10; 376-393; PMCID PMC4745127; 10.15698/mic2015.10.231
- Park, Sang-Eun; Kim, Jeong-Mok; et el. (2015) Control
of mammalian G protein signaling by N-terminal acetylation and the N-end
rule pathway; Science; Vol. 347; No. 6227; 1249-1252; PMCID
PMC4748709; 10.1126/science.aaa3844
- Brower, Christopher S.; Rosen, Connor E.; et el. (2014) Liat1,
an arginyltransferase-binding protein whose evolution among primates
involved changes in the numbers of its 10-residue repeats;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 111; No. 46; E4936-E4945; PMCID PMC4246273; 10.1073/pnas.1419587111
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2014) Discovery
of the Biology of the Ubiquitin System; JAMA : the journal of the
American Medical Association; Vol. 311; No. 19; 1969-1970; 10.1001/jama.2014.5549
- Piatkov, Konstantin I.; Oh, Jang-Hyun; et el. (2014) Calpain-generated
natural protein fragments as short-lived substrates of the N-end rule
pathway; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America; Vol. 111; No. 9; E817-E826; PMCID PMC3948289;
10.1073/pnas.1401639111
- Kim, Heon-Ki; Kim, Ryu-Ryun; et el. (2014) The
N-Terminal Methionine of Cellular Proteins as a Degradation Signal;
Cell; Vol. 156; No. 1; 158-169; PMCID PMC3988316; 10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.031
- Piatkov, Konstantin; Graciet, Emmanuelle; et el. (2013) Ubiquitin
Reference Technique and Its Use in Ubiquitin-Lacking Prokaryotes;
PLoS ONE; Vol. 8; No. 6; Art. No. e67952; PMCID PMC3692480; 10.1371/journal.pone.0067952
- Shemorry, Anna; Hwang, Cheol-Sang; et el. (2013) Control
of Protein Quality and Stoichiometries by N-Terminal Acetylation and the
N-End Rule Pathway; Molecular Cell; Vol. 50; No. 4; 540-551; PMCID
PMC3665649; 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.03.018
- Brower, Christopher S.; Piatkov, Konstantin I.; et el. (2013) Neurodegeneration-Associated
Protein Fragments as Short-Lived Substrates of the N-End Rule
Pathway; Molecular Cell; Vol. 50; No. 2; 161-171; PMCID PMC3640747;
10.1016/j.molcel.2013.02.009
- Piatkov, Konstantin I.; Colnaghi, Luca; et el. (2012) The
Auto-Generated Fragment of the Usp1 Deubiquitylase Is a Physiological
Substrate of the N-End Rule Pathway; Molecular Cell; Vol. 48; No. 6;
926-933; PMCID PMC3889152; 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.10.012
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2012) Augmented
generation of protein fragments during wakefulness as the molecular
cause of sleep: A hypothesis; Protein Science; Vol. 21; No. 11;
PMCID PMC3527701; 10.1002/pro.2148
- Piatkov, Konstantin I.; Brower, Christopher S.; et el. (2012) The
N-end rule pathway counteracts cell death by destroying proapoptotic
protein fragments; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
of the United States of America; Vol. 109; No. 27; E1839-E1847; PMCID
PMC3390858; 10.1073/pnas.1207786109
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2012) The
Ubiquitin System, an Immense Realm; Annual Review of Biochemistry;
Vol. 81; 167-176; 10.1146/annurev-biochem-051910-094049
- Hwang, Cheol-Sang; Sukalo, Maja; et el. (2011) Ubiquitin
Ligases of the N-End Rule Pathway: Assessment of Mutations in UBR1 That
Cause the Johanson-Blizzard Syndrome; PLoS ONE; Vol. 6; No. 9;
Art.No. e24925; PMCID PMC3172311; 10.1371/journal.pone.0024925
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2011) The
N-end rule pathway and regulation by proteolysis; Protein Science;
Vol. 20; No. 8; 1298-1345; PMCID PMC3189519; 10.1002/pro.666
- Hwang, Cheol-Sang; Shemorry, Anna; et el. (2010) The
N-end rule pathway is mediated by a complex of the RING-type Ubr1 and
HECT-type Ufd4 ubiquitin ligases; Nature Cell Biology; Vol. 12;
No. 12; 1177-1185; PMCID PMC3003441; 10.1038/ncb2121
- Brower, Christopher S.; Veiga, Lucia; et el. (2010) Mouse
Dfa Is a Repressor of TATA-box Promoters and Interacts with the Abt1
Activator of Basal Transcription; Journal of Biological Chemistry;
Vol. 285; No. 22; 17218-17234; PMCID PMC2878062; 10.1074/jbc.M110.118638
- Hwang, Cheol-Sang; Shemorry, Anna; et el. (2010) N-Terminal
Acetylation of Cellular Proteins Creates Specific Degradation
Signals; Science; Vol. 327; No. 5968; 973-977; PMCID PMC4259118; 10.1126/science.1183147
- Brower, Christopher S. and Varshavsky, Alexander (2009) Ablation
of Arginylation in the Mouse N-End Rule Pathway: Loss of Fat, Higher
Metabolic Rate, Damaged Spermatogenesis, and Neurological
Perturbations; PLoS ONE; Vol. 4; No. 11; Art. No. e7757; PMCID
PMC2773024; 10.1371/journal.pone.0007757
- Graciet, Emmanuelle; Walter, Franziska; et el. (2009) The
N-end rule pathway controls multiple functions during Arabidopsis shoot
and leaf development; Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 106; No. 32; 13618-13623;
PMCID PMC2726413; 10.1073/pnas.0906404106
- Wang, Haiqing; Piatkov, Konstantin I.; et el. (2009) Glutamine-Specific
N-Terminal Amidase, a Component of the N-End Rule Pathway; Molecular
Cell; Vol. 34; No. 6; 686-695; PMCID PMC2749074; 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.04.032
- Hwang, Cheol-Sang; Shemorry, Anna; et el. (2009) Two
proteolytic pathways regulate DNA repair by cotargeting the Mgt1
alkylguanine transferase; Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 106; No. 7; 2142-2147;
PMCID PMC2650122; 10.1073/pnas.0812316106
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2008) Discovery of
cellular regulation by protein degradation; Journal of Biological
Chemistry; Vol. 283; No. 50; 34469-34489; PMCID PMC3259866; 10.1074/jbc.X800009200
- Hwang, Cheol-Sang and Varshavsky, Alexander (2008) Regulation
of peptide import through phosphorylation of Ubr1, the ubiquitin ligase
of the N-end rule pathway; Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 105; No. 49; 19188-19193;
PMCID PMC2614737; 10.1073/pnas.0808891105
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2008) The N-end
rule at atomic resolution; Nature Structural & Molecular
Biology; Vol. 15; No. 12; 1238-1240; 10.1038/nsmb1208-1238
- Xia, Zanxian; Turner, Glenn C.; et el. (2008) Amino acids
induce peptide uptake via accelerated degradation of CUP9, the
transcriptional repressor of the PTR2 peptide transporter; Journal
of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 283; No. 43; 28958-28968; PMCID
PMC2570885; 10.1074/jbc.M803980200
- Xia, Zanxian; Webster, Ailsa; et el. (2008) Substrate-binding
sites of UBR1, the ubiquitin ligase of the N-end rule pathway;
Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 283; No. 35; 24011-24028; PMCID
PMC2527112; 10.1074/jbc.M802583200
- Connor, Rebecca E.; Piatkov, Konstantin; et el. (2008) Enzymatic
N-terminal Addition of Noncanonical Amino Acids to Peptides and
Proteins; ChemBioChem; Vol. 9; No. 3; 366-369; 10.1002/cbic.200700605
- Hu, Rong-Gui; Wang, Haiqing; et el. (2008) The N-end
rule pathway is a sensor of heme; Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 105; No. 1;
76-81; PMCID PMC2224235; 10.1073/pnas.0710568105
- Schnupf, Pamela; Zhou, Jianmin; et el. (2007) Listeriolysin
O Secreted by Listeria monocytogenes into the Host Cell Cytosol Is
Degraded by the N-End Rule Pathway; Infection and Immunity; Vol. 75;
No. 11; 5135-5147; PMCID PMC2168281; 10.1128/IAI.00164-07
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2007) Targeting
the absence: Homozygous DNA deletions as immutable signposts for cancer
therapy; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America; Vol. 104; No. 38; 14935-14940; PMCID
PMC1986591; 10.1073/pnas.0706546104
- Tasaki, Takafumi; Sohr, Reinhard; et el. (2007) Biochemical
and Genetic Studies of UBR3, a Ubiquitin Ligase with a Function in
Olfactory and Other Sensory Systems; Journal of Biological
Chemistry; Vol. 282; No. 25; 18510-18520; 10.1074/jbc.M701894200
- Hu, Rong-Gui; Brower, Christopher S.; et el. (2006) Arginyltransferase,
Its Specificity, Putative Substrates, Bidirectional Promoter, and
Splicing-derived Isoforms; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol.
281; No. 43; 32559-32573; 10.1074/jbc.M604355200
- An, Jee Young; Seo, Jai Wha; et el. (2006) Impaired
neurogenesis and cardiovascular development in mice lacking the E3
ubiquitin ligases UBR1 and UBR2 of the N-end rule pathway;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 103; No. 16; 6212-6217; PMCID PMC1458857; 10.1073/pnas.0601700103
- Graciet, Emmanuelle; Hu, Rong-Gui; et el. (2006) Aminoacyl-transferases
and the N-end rule pathway of prokaryotic/eukaryotic specificity in a
human pathogen; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
the United States of America; Vol. 103; No. 9; 3078-3083; PMCID
PMC1413915; 10.1073/pnas.0511224103
- Zenker, Martin and Varshavsky, Alexander (2005) Deficiency
of UBR1, a ubiquitin ligase of the N-end rule pathway, causes pancreatic
dysfunction, malformations and mental retardation (Johanson-Blizzard
syndrome); Nature Genetics; Vol. 37; No. 12; 1345-1350; 10.1038/ng1681
- Hu, Rong-Gui; Sheng, Jun; et el. (2005) The
N-end rule pathway as a nitric oxide sensor controlling the levels of
multiple regulators; Nature; Vol. 437; No. 7061; 981-989; 10.1038/nature04027
- Tasaki, Takafumi; Mulder, Lubbertus C. F.; et el. (2005) A Family
of Mammalian E3 Ubiquitin Ligases That Contain the UBR Box Motif and
Recognize N-Degrons; Molecular and Cellular Biology; Vol. 25;
No. 16; 7120-7136; PMCID PMC1190250; 10.1128/MCB.25.16.7120-7136.2005
- Yin, Jinhu; Kwon, Yong Tae; et el. (2004) RECQL4,
mutated in the Rothmund–Thomson and RAPADILINO syndromes, interacts with
ubiquitin ligases UBR1 and UBR2 of the N-end rule pathway; Human
Molecular Genetics; Vol. 13; No. 20; 2421-2430; 10.1093/hmg/ddh269
- Kwon, Yong Tae; Xia, Zanxian; et el. (2003) Female
Lethality and Apoptosis of Spermatocytes in Mice Lacking the UBR2
Ubiquitin Ligase of the N-End Rule Pathway; Molecular and Cellular
Biology; Vol. 23; No. 22; 8255-8271; PMCID PMC262401; 10.1128/MCB.23.22.8255-8271.2003
- Varshavsky, Alexander (2003) The
N-end rule and regulation of apoptosis; Nature Cell Biology; Vol. 5;
No. 5; 373-376; 10.1038/ncb0503-373
- Xie, Youming and Varshavsky, Alexander (2002) UFD4
lacking the proteasome-binding region catalyses ubiquitination but is
impaired in proteolysis; Nature Cell Biology; Vol. 4; No. 12;
1003-1007; 10.1038/ncb889
- Du, Fangyong; Navarro-Garcia, Federico; et el. (2002) Pairs of
dipeptides synergistically activate the binding of substrate by
ubiquitin ligase through dissociation of its autoinhibitory domain;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 99; No. 22; 14110-14115; PMCID PMC137845; 10.1073/pnas.172527399
- Kwon, Yong Tae; Kashina, Anna S.; et el. (2002) An
Essential Role of N-Terminal Arginylation in Cardiovascular
Development; Science; Vol. 297; No. 5578; 96-99; 10.1126/science.1069531
- Kwon, Yong Tae; Xia, Zanxian; et el. (2001) Construction
and Analysis of Mouse Strains Lacking the Ubiquitin Ligase UBR1 (E3α) of
the N-End Rule Pathway; Molecular and Cellular Biology; Vol. 21;
No. 23; 8007-8021; PMCID PMC99968; 10.1128/MCB.21.23.8007-8021.2001
- Rao, Hai; Uhlmann, Frank; et el. (2001) Degradation
of a cohesin subunit by the N-end rule pathway is essential for
chromosome stability; Nature; Vol. 410; No. 6831; 955; 10.1038/35073627
- Xie, Youming and Varshavsky, Alexander (2001) RPN4 is a
ligand, substrate, and transcriptional regulator of the 26S proteasome:
A negative feedback circuit; Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 98; No. 6; 3056-3061;
PMCID PMC30606; 10.1073/pnas.071022298
- Hershko, Avram; Ciechanover, Aaron; et el. (2000) The
ubiquitin system; Nature Medicine; Vol. 6; No. 10; 1073-1081; 10.1038/80384
- Turner, Glenn C. and Varshavsky, Alexander (2000) Detecting
and Measuring Cotranslational Protein Degradation in Vivo; Science;
Vol. 289; No. 5487; 2117-2120; 10.1126/science.289.5487.2117
- Varshavsky, Alexander; Turner, Glenn; et el. (2000) The
Ubiquitin System and the N-End Rule Pathway; Biological Chemistry;
Vol. 381; No. 9-10; 779-789; 10.1515/BC.2000.101
- Kwon, Yong Tae; Balogh, Seth A.; et el. (2000) Altered
Activity, Social Behavior, and Spatial Memory in Mice Lacking the NTAN1p
Amidase and the Asparagine Branch of the N-End Rule Pathway;
Molecular and Cellular Biology; Vol. 20; No. 11; 4135-4148; PMCID
PMC85783
- Turner, Glenn C.; Du, Fangyong; et el. (2000) Peptides
accelerate their uptake by activating a ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic
pathway; Nature; Vol. 405; No. 6786; 579; 10.1038/35014629
- Davydov, Ilia V. and Varshavsky, Alexander (2000) RGS4 is
arginylated and degraded by the N-end rule pathway in vitro; Journal
of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 275; No. 30; 22931-22941; 10.1074/jbc.M001605200
- Xie, Youming and Varshavsky, Alexander (2000) Physical
association of ubiquitin ligases and the 26S proteasome; Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America;
Vol. 97; No. 6; 2497-2502; PMCID PMC15957; 10.1073/pnas.060025497
- Kwon, Yong Tae; Lévy, Frédéric; et el. (1999) Bivalent
Inhibitor of the N-end Rule Pathway; Journal of Biological
Chemistry; Vol. 274; No. 25; 18135-18139; 10.1074/jbc.274.25.18135
- Dünnwald, Martin; Varshavsky, Alexander; et el. (1999) Detection of
Transient In Vivo Interactions between Substrate and Transporter during
Protein Translocation into the Endoplasmic Reticulum; Molecular
Biology of the Cell; Vol. 10; No. 2; 329-344; PMCID PMC25172; 10.1091/mbc.10.2.329
- Kwon, Yong Tae; Kashina, Anna S.; et el. (1999) Alternative
Splicing Results in Differential Expression, Activity, and Localization
of the Two Forms of Arginyl-tRNA-Protein Transferase, a Component of the
N-End Rule Pathway; Molecular and Cellular Biology; Vol. 19; No. 1;
182-193; PMCID PMC83877; 10.1128/mcb.19.1.182
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1999) Recent
studies of the ubiquitin system and the N-end rule pathway; Harvey
lectures; Vol. 96; 93-116
- Kwon, Yong Tae; Reiss, Yuval; et el. (1998) The mouse
and human genes encoding the recognition component of the N-end rule
pathway; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America; Vol. 95; No. 14; 7898-7903; PMCID PMC20901; 10.1073/pnas.95.14.7898
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1998) Codominant
interference, antieffectors, and multitarget drugs; Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Vol.
95; No. 5; 2094-2099; PMCID PMC19261
- Ramos, Paula C.; Höckendorff, Jörg; et el. (1998) Ump1p
Is Required for Proper Maturation of the 20S Proteasome and Becomes Its
Substrate upon Completion of the Assembly; Cell; Vol. 92; No. 4;
489-499; 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80942-3
- Byrd, Christopher; Turner, Glenn C.; et el. (1998) The
N-end rule pathway controls the import of peptides through degradation
of a transcriptional repressor; EMBO Journal; Vol. 17; No. 1;
269-277; PMCID PMC1170377; 10.1093/emboj/17.1.269
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1997) The
ubiquitin system; Trends in Biochemical Sciences; Vol. 22; No. 10;
383-387; 10.1016/s0968-0004(97)01122-5
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1997) The
N-end rule pathway of protein degradation; Genes to Cells; Vol. 2;
No. 1; 13-28; 10.1046/j.1365-2443.1997.1020301.x
- Grigoryev, Sergei; Stewart, Albert E.; et el. (1996) A Mouse
Amidase Specific for N-terminal Asparagine: the gene, the enzyme, and
their function in the N-end rule pathway; Journal of Biological
Chemistry; Vol. 271; No. 45; 28521-28532; 10.1074/jbc.271.45.28521
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1996) The N-end
rule: Functions, mysteries, uses; Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 93; No. 22;
12142-12149; PMCID PMC37957; 10.1073/pnas.93.22.12142
- Ghislain, Michel; Dohmen, R. Jürgen; et el. (1996) Cdc48p
interacts with Ufd3p, a WD repeat protein required for
ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae; EMBO
Journal; Vol. 15; No. 18; 4884-4899; PMCID PMC452226; 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00869.x
- Lévy, Frédéric; Johnsson, Nils; et el. (1996) Using
ubiquitin to follow the metabolic fate of a protein; Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Vol.
93; No. 10; 4907-4912; PMCID PMC39378; 10.1073/pnas.93.10.4907
- Dohmen, R. Jürgen; Stappen, Reiner; et el. (1995) An
Essential Yeast Gene Encoding a Homolog of Ubiquitin-activating
Enzyme; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 270; No. 30;
18099-18109; 10.1074/jbc.270.30.18099
- Baker, Rohan T. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1995) Yeast
N-terminal Amidase: a new enzyme and component of the N-end rule
pathway; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 270; No. 20;
12065-12074; 10.1074/jbc.270.20.12065
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1995) Codominance
and toxins: A path to drugs of nearly unlimited selectivity;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 92; No. 9; 3663-3667; PMCID PMC42021; 10.1073/pnas.92.9.3663
- Johnston, Jennifer A.; Johnson, Erica S.; et el. (1995) Methotrexate
Inhibits Proteolysis of Dihydrofolate Reductase by the N-end Rule
Pathway; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 270; No. 14;
8172-8178; 10.1074/jbc.270.14.8172
- Varshavsky, A. J. (1995) The
N-end Rule; Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology;
Vol. 60; 461-478; 10.1101/sqb.1995.060.01.051
- Johnsson, Nils and Varshavsky, Alexander (1994) Split
ubiquitin as a sensor of protein interactions in vivo; Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America;
Vol. 91; No. 22; 10340-10344; PMCID PMC45015; 10.1073/pnas.91.22.10340
- Madura, Kiran and Varshavsky, Alexander (1994) Degradation
of Gα by the N-End Rule Pathway; Science; Vol. 265; No. 5177;
1454-1458; 10.1126/science.8073290
- Johnsson, Nils and Varshavsky, Alexander (1994) Ubiquitin-assisted
dissection of protein transport across membranes; EMBO Journal; Vol.
13; No. 11; 2686-2698; PMCID PMC395143; 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06559.x
- Dohmen, R. Jürgen; Wu, Peipei; et el. (1994) Heat-Inducible
Degron: A Method for Constructing Temperature-Sensitive Mutants;
Science; Vol. 263; No. 5151; 1273-1276; 10.1126/science.8122109
- Ota, Irene M. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1993) A
yeast protein similar to bacterial two-component regulators;
Science; Vol. 262; No. 5133; 566-569; 10.1126/science.8211183
- Shrader, Thomas E.; Tobias, John W.; et el. (1993) The
N-End Rule in Escherichia coli: Cloning and Analysis of the Leucyl,
Phenylalanyl-tRNA-Protein Transferase Gene aat; Journal of
Bacteriology; Vol. 175; No. 14; 4364-4374; PMCID PMC204876; 10.1128/jb.175.14.4364-4374.1993
- Madura, Kiran; Dohmen, R. Jürgen; et el. (1993) N-recognin/Ubc2
interactions in the N-end rule pathway; Journal of Biological
Chemistry; Vol. 268; No. 16; 12046-12054; 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50306-4
- Baker, Rohan T.; Tobias, John W.; et el. (1992) Ubiquitin-specific
proteases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cloning of UBP2 and UBP3, and
functional analysis of the UBP gene family; Journal of Biological
Chemistry; Vol. 267; No. 32; 23364-23375; 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50100-9
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1992) The
N-end rule; Cell; Vol. 69; No. 5; 725-735; 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90285-k
- Ota, Irene M. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1992) A gene
encoding a putative tyrosine phosphatase suppresses lethality of an
N-end rule-dependent mutant; Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 89; No. 6; 2355-2359;
PMCID PMC48656; 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2355
- Johnson, Erica S.; Bartel, Bonnie; et el. (1992) Ubiquitin
as a degradation signal; EMBO Journal; Vol. 11; No. 2; 497-505;
PMCID PMC556480; 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05080.x
- Tobias, John W.; Shrader, Thomas E.; et el. (1991) The
N-end rule in bacteria; Science; Vol. 254; No. 5036; 1374-1377; 10.1126/science.1962196
- Dohmen, R. Jürgen; Madura, Kiran; et el. (1991) The N-End
Rule is Mediated by the UBC2(RAD6) Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 88; No. 16; 7351-7355; PMCID PMC52293; 10.1073/pnas.88.16.7351
- Tobias, John W. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1991) Cloning
and functional analysis of the ubiquitin-specific protease gene UBP1 of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol. 266;
No. 18; 12021-12028; 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99059-9
- Hochstrasser, Mark; Ellison, Michael J.; et el. (1991) The
short-lived MATα2 transcriptional regulator is ubiquitinated in
vivo; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America; Vol. 88; No. 11; 4606-4610; PMCID PMC51714; 10.1073/pnas.88.11.4606
- Baker, Rohan T. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1991) Inhibition
of the N-end rule pathway in living cells; Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 88;
No. 4; 1090-1094; PMCID PMC50962; 10.1073/pnas.88.4.1090
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1991) Naming
a targeting signal; Cell; Vol. 64; No. 1; 13-15; 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90202-a
- McGrath, John P.; Jentsch, Stefan; et el. (1991) UBA
1: an essential yeast gene encoding ubiquitin-activating enzyme;
EMBO Journal; Vol. 10; No. 1; 227-236; PMCID PMC452634; 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07940.x
- Johnson, Erica S.; Gonda, David K.; et el. (1990) Cis-trans
recognition and subunit-specific degradation of short-lived
proteins; Nature; Vol. 346; No. 6281; 287-291; 10.1038/346287a0
- Hochstrasser, Mark and Varshavsky, Alexander (1990) In
vivo degradation of a transcriptional regulator: The yeast α2
repressor; Cell; Vol. 61; No. 4; 697-708; 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90481-s
- Balzi, Elisabetta; Choder, Mordechai; et el. (1990) Cloning
and functional analysis of the arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase gene
ATE1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Journal of Biological Chemistry;
Vol. 265; No. 13; 7464-7471; 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39136-7
- Gonda, David K.; Bachmair, Andreas; et el. (1989) Universality
and Structure of the N-end Rule; Journal of Biological Chemistry;
Vol. 264; No. 28; 16700-16712; 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84762-2
- McGrath, John P. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1989) The
yeast STE6 gene encodes a homologue of the mammalian multidrug
resistance P-glycoprotein; Nature; Vol. 340; No. 6232; 400-404; 10.1038/340400a0
- Winter, Edward and Varshavsky, Alexander (1989) A
DNA binding protein that recognizes oligo(dA)•oligo(dT) tracts; EMBO
Journal; Vol. 8; No. 6; 1867-1877; PMCID PMC401036; 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03583.x
- Finley, Daniel; Bartel, Bonnie; et el. (1989) The
tails of ubiquitin precursors are ribosomal proteins whose fusion to
ubiquitin facilitates ribosome biogenesis; Nature; Vol. 338;
No. 6214; 394-401; 10.1038/338394a0
- Chau, Vincent; Tobias, John W.; et el. (1989) A
multiubiquitin chain is confined to specific lysine in a targeted
short-lived protein; Science; Vol. 243; No. 4898; 1576-1583; 10.1126/science.2538923
- Bachmair, Andreas and Varshavsky, Alexander (1989) The
degradation signal in a short-lived protein; Cell; Vol. 56; No. 6;
1019-1032; 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90635-1
- Varshavsky, A.; Bachmair, A.; et el. (1989) Targeting
of proteins for degradation; Biotechnology (Reading, Mass.); Vol.
13; 109-43
- Goebl, Mark G.; Yochem, John; et el. (1988) The
yeast cell cycle gene CDC34 encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme;
Science; Vol. 241; No. 4871; 1331-1335; 10.1126/science.2842867
- Solomon, Mark J.; Larsen, Pamela L.; et el. (1988) Mapping
protein-DNA interactions in vivo with formaldehyde: Evidence that
histone H4 is retained on a highly transcribed gene; Cell; Vol. 53;
No. 6; 937-947; 10.1016/s0092-8674(88)90469-2
- Bartel, Bonnie and Varshavsky, Alexander (1988) Hypersensitivity
to heavy water: A new conditional phenotype; Cell; Vol. 52; No. 6;
935-941; 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90435-7
- Varshavsky, Alexander; Bachmair, Andreas; et el. (1987) N-end
rule of selective protein turnover: mechanistic aspects and functional
implications; Biochemical Society Transactions; Vol. 15; No. 5;
815-816; 10.1042/bst0150815
- Solomon, Mark J. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1987) A
nuclease-hypersensitive region forms de novo after chromosome
replication; Molecular and Cellular Biology; Vol. 7; No. 10;
3822-3825; PMCID PMC368040; 10.1128/mcb.7.10.3822
- Peck, Lawrence J.; Millstein, Larry; et el. (1987) Transcriptionally
inactive oocyte-type 5S RNA genes of Xenopus laevis are complexed with
TFIIIA in vitro; Molecular and Cellular Biology; Vol. 7; No. 10;
3503-3510; PMCID PMC368002; 10.1128/mcb.7.10.3503
- Jentsch, Stefan; McGrath, John P.; et el. (1987) The
yeast DNA repair gene RAD6 encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme;
Nature; Vol. 329; No. 6135; 131-134; 10.1038/329131a0
- Özkaynak, Engin; Finley, Daniel; et el. (1987) The
yeast ubiquitin genes: a family of natural gene fusions; EMBO
Journal; Vol. 6; No. 5; 1429-1439; PMCID PMC553949; 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02384.x
- Finley, Daniel; Özkaynak, Engin; et el. (1987) The
yeast polyubiquitin gene is essential for resistance to high
temperatures, starvation, and other stresses; Cell; Vol. 48; No. 6;
1035-1046; 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90711-2
- Snapka, Robert M.; Kwok, Kwan; et el. (1986) Post-separation
detection of nucleic acids and proteins by neutron activation;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 83; No. 23; 8939-8942; PMCID PMC387049; 10.1073/pnas.83.23.8939
- Bachmair, Andreas; Finley, Daniel; et el. (1986) In
vivo half-life of a protein is a function of its amino-terminal
residue; Science; Vol. 234; No. 4773; 179-186; 10.1126/science.3018930
- Swerdlow, Paul S.; Finley, Daniel; et el. (1986) Enhancement
of immunoblot sensitivity by heating of hydrated filters; Analytical
Biochemistry; Vol. 156; No. 1; 147-153; 10.1016/0003-2697(86)90166-1
- Solomon, Mark J.; Strauss, Francois; et el. (1986) A mammalian
high mobility group protein recognizes any stretch of six A·T base pairs
in duplex DNA; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
the United States of America; Vol. 83; No. 5; 1276-1280; PMCID
PMC323058; 10.1073/pnas.83.5.1276
- Gros, Philippe; Croop, James; et el. (1986) Isolation
and characterization of DNA sequences amplified in multidrug-resistant
hamster cells; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of
the United States of America; Vol. 83; No. 2; 337-341; PMCID PMC322853;
10.1073/pnas.83.2.337
- Ciccarelli, Richard B.; Solomon, Mark J.; et el. (1985) In
vivo effects of cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) on SV40
chromosomes: differential repair, DNA-protein crosslinking, and
inhibition of replication; Biochemistry; Vol. 24; No. 26; 7533-7540;
10.1021/bi00347a005
- Solomon, Mark J. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1985) Formaldehyde-mediated
DNA-protein crosslinking: A probe for in vivo chromatin structures;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 82; No. 19; 6470-6474; PMCID PMC390738; 10.1073/pnas.82.19.6470
- Barsoum, James and Varshavsky, Alexander (1985) Preferential
localization of variant nucleosomes near the 5’-end of the mouse
dihydrofolate reductase gene; Journal of Biological Chemistry; Vol.
260; No. 12; 7688-7697; 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39663-1
- Ciechanover, A.; Finley, D.; et el. (1985) Mammalian
cell cycle mutant defective in intracellular protein degradation and
ubiquitin-protein conjugation; Progress in clinical and biological
research; Vol. 180; 17-31
- Özkaynak, Engin; Finley, Daniel; et el. (1984) The
yeast ubiquitin gene: head-to-tail repeats encoding a polyubiquitin
precursor protein; Nature; Vol. 312; No. 5995; 663-666; 10.1038/312663a0
- Strauss, François and Varshavsky, Alexander (1984) A
protein binds to a satellite DNA repeat at three specific sites that
would be brought into mutual proximity by DNA folding in the
nucleosome; Cell; Vol. 37; No. 3; 889-901; 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90424-0
- Roninson, Igor B.; Abelson, Herbert T.; et el. (1984) Amplification
of specific DNA sequences correlates with multi-drug resistance in
Chinese hamster cells; Nature; Vol. 309; No. 5969; 626-628; 10.1038/309626a0
- Finley, Daniel; Ciechanover, Aaron; et el. (1984) Thermolability
of ubiquitin-activating enzyme from the mammalian cell cycle mutant
ts85; Cell; Vol. 37; No. 1; 43-55; 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90299-x
- Ciechanover, Aaron; Finley, Daniel; et el. (1984) Ubiquitin
dependence of selective protein degradation demonstrated in the
mammalian cell cycle mutant ts85; Cell; Vol. 37; No. 1; 57-66; 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90300-3
- Ciechanover, Aaron; Finley, Daniel; et el. (1984) The
ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic pathway and mechanisms of
energy‐dependent intracellular protein degradation; Journal of
Cellular Biochemistry; Vol. 24; No. 1; 27-53; 10.1002/jcb.240240104
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1983) Do
stalled replication forks synthesize a specific alarmone?; Journal
of Theoretical Biology; Vol. 105; No. 4; 707-714; 10.1016/0022-5193(83)90228-x
- Snapka, Robert M. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1983) Loss of
unstably amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes from mouse cells is
greatly accelerated by hydroxyurea; Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Vol. 80; No. 24;
7533-7537; PMCID PMC389986; 10.1073/pnas.80.24.7533
- Wu, Kun Chi; Strauss, François; et el. (1983) Nucleosome
arrangement in green monkey α-satellite chromatin: Superimposition of
non-random and apparently random patterns; Journal of Molecular
Biology; Vol. 170; No. 1; 93-117; 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80228-9
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1983) Diadenosine
5′, 5′′′-P¹, P⁴-tetraphosphate: a pleiotropically acting alarmone?;
Cell; Vol. 34; No. 3; 711-712; 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90526-3
- Barsoum, James and Varshavsky, Alexander (1983) Mitogenic
hormones and tumor promoters greatly increase the incidence of
colony-forming cells bearing amplified dihydrofolate reductase
genes; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America; Vol. 80; No. 17; 5330-5334; PMCID PMC384249; 10.1073/pnas.80.17.5330
- Swerdlow, Paul S. and Varshavsky, Alexander (1983) Affinity
of HMG17 for a mononucleosome is not influenced by the presence of
ubiquitin-H2A semihistone but strongly depends on DNA fragment size;
Nucleic Acids Research; Vol. 11; No. 2; 387-401; PMCID PMC325721; 10.1093/nar/11.2.387
- Varshavsky, A.; Barsoum, J.; et el. (1983) Acquisition
and loss of amplified genes: dramatic effects of hormones, tumor
promoters and cytotoxic drugs; Princess Takamatsu symposia; Vol. 14;
235-254
- Varshavsky, A.; Levinger, L.; et el. (1983) Cellular
and SV40 Chromatin: Replication, Segregation, Ubiqiritination,
Nuclease-hypersensitive Sites, HMG-containing Nueleosomes, and
Heterochromatin-specific Protein; Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on
Quantitative Biology; Vol. 47; 511-528; 10.1101/sqb.1983.047.01.061
- Levinger, Louis and Varshavsky, Alexander (1982) Protein D1
preferentially binds A+T-rich DNA in vitro and is a component of
Drosophila melanogaster nucleosomes containing A+T-rich satellite
DNA; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
States of America; Vol. 79; No. 23; 7152-7156; PMCID PMC347296; 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7152
- Barsoum, James; Levinger, Louis; et el. (1982) On
the chromatin structure of the amplified, transcriptionally active gene
for dihydrofolate reductase in mouse cells; Journal of Biological
Chemistry; Vol. 257; No. 9; 5274-5282; 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)34667-2
- Boyce, Frederick M.; Sundin, Olof; et el. (1982) New way to
isolate simian virus 40 nucleoprotein complexes from infected cells: use
of a thiol-specific reagent; Journal of Virology; Vol. 42; No. 1;
292-296; PMCID PMC256070; 10.1128/jvi.42.1.292-296.1982
- Levinger, Louis and Varshavsky, Alexander (1982) Selective
arrangement of ubiquitinated and D1 protein-containing nucleosomes
within the drosophila genome; Cell; Vol. 28; No. 2; 375-385; 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90355-5
- Sundin, Olof and Varshavsky, Alexander (1981) Arrest
of segregation leads to accumulation of highly intertwined catenated
dimers: Dissection of the final stages of SV40 DNA replication;
Cell; Vol. 25; No. 3; 659-669; 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90173-2
- Levinger, Louis and Varshavsky, Alexander (1981) Heat-shock
proteins of Drosophila are associated with nuclease-resistant,
high-salt-resistant nuclear structures; Journal of Cell Biology;
Vol. 90; No. 3; 793-796; PMCID PMC2111893; 10.1083/jcb.90.3.793
- Varshavsky, Alexander (1981) On the
possibility of metabolic control of replicon “misfiring”: Relationship
to emergence of malignant phenotypes in mammalian cell lineages;
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of
America; Vol. 78; No. 6; 3673-3677; PMCID PMC319633; 10.1073/pnas.78.6.3673
- Levinger, Louis; Barsoum, James; et el. (1981) Two-dimensional
hybridization mapping of nucleosomes: Comparison of DNA and protein
patterns; Journal of Molecular Biology; Vol. 146; No. 3; 287-304; 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90389-2
- Sundin, Olof and Varshavsky, Alexander (1980) Terminal
stages of SV40 DNA replication proceed via multiply intertwined
catenated dimers; Cell; Vol. 21; No. 1; 103-114; 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90118-x
- Levinger, Louis and Varshavsky, Alexander (1980) High-resolution
fractionation of nucleosomes: minor particles, “whiskers,” and
separation of mononucleosomes containing and lacking A24
semihistone; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America; Vol. 77; No. 6; 3244-3248; PMCID PMC349591; 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3244
- Sundin, Olof and Varshavsky, Alexander (1979) Staphylococcal
nuclease makes a single non-random cut in the simian virus 40 viral
minichromosome; Journal of Molecular Biology; Vol. 132; No. 3;
535-546; 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90274-2
- Varshavsky, Alexander J.; Sundin, Olof; et el. (1979) A
stretch of “late” SV40 viral DNA about 400 bp long which includes the
origin of replication is specifically exposed in SV40
minichromosomes; Cell; Vol. 16; No. 2; 453-466; 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90021-7
- Varshavsky, A. J.; Sundin, O. H.; et el. (1978) SV40
viral minichromosome: preferential exposure of the origin of replication
as probed by restriction endonucleases; Nucleic Acids Research; Vol.
5; No. 10; 3469-3478; PMCID PMC342688; 10.1093/nar/5.10.3469
- Varshavsky, A. J.; Bakayev, V. V.; et el. (1978) On
the structure of cellular and viral chromatin; Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences;
Vol. 283; No. 997; 275-285; 10.1098/rstb.1978.0024
- Shmatchenko, V. V. and Varshavsky, A. J. (1978) A
technique of low-pH gel electrophoresis of chromosomal proteins which
does not require preliminary removal of DNA; Analytical
Biochemistry; Vol. 85; No. 1; 42-46; 10.1016/0003-2697(78)90271-3
- Varshavsky, A. J.; Bakayev, V. V.; et el. (1978) On
the Structure of Eukaryotic, Prokaryotic, and Viral Chromatin; Cold
Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology; Vol. 42; No. 1; 457-473;
10.1101/sqb.1978.042.01.049
- Varshavsky, A. J.; Nedospasov, S. A.; et el. (1977) Compact
form of SV40 viral minichromosome is resistant to nuclease: possible
implications for chromatin structure; Nucleic Acids Research; Vol.
4; No. 10; 3303-3325; PMCID PMC342655; 10.1093/nar/4.10.3303
- Varshavsky, A. J.; Nedospasov, S. A.; et el. (1977) Histone-like
proteins in the purified Escherichia coli deoxyribonucleoprotein;
Nucleic Acids Research; Vol. 4; No. 8; 2725-2746; PMCID PMC342604; 10.1093/nar/4.8.2725
- Bakayev, V. V.; Bakayeva, T. G.; et el. (1977) Nucleosomes
and subnucleosomes: heterogeneity and composition; Cell; Vol. 11;
No. 3; 619-629; 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90079-4
- Varshavsky, A. J. and Georgiev, G. P. (1976) Free
DNA stretches in histone H1-depleted chromatin and their possible
relation to chromomere structure; Molecular Biology Reports; Vol. 3;
No. 1; 27-38; 10.1007/bf00357206
- Varshavsky, A. J.; Bakayev, V. V.; et el. (1976) Minichromosome
of simian virus 40: presence of histone HI; Nucleic Acids Research;
Vol. 3; No. 8; 2101-2114; PMCID PMC343065; 10.1093/nar/3.8.2101
- Varshavsky, Alexander J.; Bakayev, Valery V.; et el. (1976) Studies
on Chromatin. Free DNA in Sheared Chromatin; European Journal of
Biochemistry; Vol. 66; No. 2; 211-223; 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10510.x
- Varshavsky, A. J.; Bakayev, V. V.; et el. (1976) Heterogeneity
of chromatin subunits in vitro and location of histone H1; Nucleic
Acids Research; Vol. 3; No. 2; 477-492; PMCID PMC342917; 10.1093/nar/3.2.477
- Varshavsky, A. J. and Bakayev, V. V. (1975) [Studies on
chromatin.
- v-Bodies and Free DNA in Chromatin Lacking Histone
H1](https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210317-085746135);
Molecular Biology Reports; Vol. 2; No. 3; 209-217; 10.1007/bf00356990
- Varshavsky, A. J. and Bakayev, V. V. (1975) [Studies on
chromatin.
- Evidence for a toroidal shape of chromatin
subunits](https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210317-090059214);
Molecular Biology Reports; Vol. 2; No. 3; 247-254; 10.1007/bf00356995
- Varshavsky, A. J. and Georgiev, G. P. (1975) Studies
on chromatin. V. A model for the structure of chromatin subunit;
Molecular Biology Reports; Vol. 2; No. 3; 255-262; 10.1007/bf00356996
- Varshavsky, A. J.; Ilyin, Yu. V.; et el. (1974) Very
long stretches of free DNA in chromatin; Nature; Vol. 250; No. 5467;
602-606; 10.1038/250602a0
- Ilyin, Yu. V.; Bayev, A. A., Jr.; et el. (1974) Histone-histone
proximity in chromatin as seen by imidoester cross-linking;
Molecular Biology Reports; Vol. 1; No. 6; 343-348; 10.1007/bf00309568
- Georgiev, Georgiy P.; Varshavsky, Alexandr Ja.; et el. (1974) On
the Structural Organization of the Transcriptional Unit in Animal
Chromosomes; Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology;
Vol. 38; 869-884; 10.1101/sqb.1974.038.01.089
- Varshavsky, A. J.; Ilyin, Yu. V.; et el. (1973) Long
molecules of free DNA in the sheared chromatin preparation;
Molecular Biology Reports; Vol. 1; No. 4; 201-207; 10.1007/bf00357642
- Varshavsky, Alexander J. and Georgiev, Georgii
- Redistribution
of histones during unfolding of chromosomal DNA; Molecular Biology
Reports; Vol. 1; No. 3; 143-148; 10.1007/bf00357154