[ { "id": "authors:qjefa-5v877", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qjefa-5v877", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qjefa-5v877", "type": "article", "title": "Towards fibre-like loss for photonic integration from violet to near-infrared", "author": [ { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Hao-Jing", "orcid": "0000-0001-8907-3908" }, { "family_name": "Colburn", "given_name": "Kellan", "orcid": "0000-0001-6788-6051" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Peng", "orcid": "0009-0002-1270-3240" }, { "family_name": "Yan", "given_name": "Hongrui" }, { "family_name": "Hou", "given_name": "Hanfei", "orcid": "0009-0009-6519-1972" }, { "family_name": "Ge", "given_name": "Jinhao" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Jin-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Lehan", "given_name": "Phineas" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004" }, { "family_name": "Bouwmeester", "given_name": "Dirk" }, { "family_name": "Holmes", "given_name": "Christopher" }, { "family_name": "Gates", "given_name": "James" }, { "family_name": "Blauvelt", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Blauvelt-Henry-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "

Over the past decades, remarkable progress has been made in reducing the loss of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) within the telecom band, facilitating on-chip applications spanning low-noise optical and microwave synthesis, to lidar and photonic artificial intelligence engines. However, several obstacles arise from the marked increase in material absorption and scattering losses at shorter wavelengths, which prominently elevate power requirements and limit performance in the visible and near-visible spectrum. Here we present an ultralow-loss PIC platform based on germano-silicate—the material underlying the extraordinary performance of optical fibre—but realized by a fully CMOS-foundry-compatible process. These PICs achieve resonator Q factors surpassing 180 million from violet to telecom wavelengths. They also attain a 10-dB higher quality factor without thermal treatment in the telecom band, expanding opportunities for heterogeneous integration with active components. Other features of this platform include readily engineered waveguide dispersion, acoustic mode confinement and large-mode-area-induced thermal stability—each demonstrated by soliton microcomb generation, stimulated Brillouin lasing and low-frequency-noise self-injection locking, respectively. The success of these germano-silicate PICs can ultimately enable fibre-like loss onto a chip, leading to an additional 20-dB improvement in waveguide loss over the current highest performance photonic platforms. Moreover, the performance abilities demonstrated here bridge ultralow-loss PIC technology to optical clocks, precision navigation systems and quantum sensors.

", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-09889-w", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2026-01-08", "series_number": "8096", "volume": "649", "issue": "8096", "pages": "338-344" }, { "id": "authors:cm3bk-ggm22", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cm3bk-ggm22", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cm3bk-ggm22", "type": "article", "title": "Efficient and wavelength-tunable second-harmonic generation toward the green gap", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Ge", "given_name": "Jinhao", "clpid": "Ge-Jinhao" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Peng", "orcid": "0009-0002-1270-3240", "clpid": "Liu-Peng" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Bohan", "orcid": "0009-0007-8210-1903", "clpid": "Li-Bohan" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Mingxiao", "orcid": "0000-0003-4951-6887" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Jin-Yu", "orcid": "0009-0008-9314-0067", "clpid": "Liu-Jin-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Yan", "clpid": "Yu-Yan" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Hao-Jing", "orcid": "0000-0001-8907-3908", "clpid": "Chen-Hao-Jing" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "
Achieving compact and efficient visible laser sources is crucial for a wide range of applications. However, traditional semiconductor laser technology faces difficulties in producing high-brightness green light, leaving a “green gap” in wavelength coverage. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) offers a promising alternative by converting near-infrared sources to visible wavelengths with high efficiency and spectral purity. Here, we demonstrate efficient and tunable SHG within the green spectrum using a high-Q Si3N4 microresonator. On-chip green power as high as 5.3 milliwatts is generated with a conversion efficiency of 141% per watt (absolute 7.9%). A space-charge grating induced by the photogalvanic effect realizes reconfigurable grating numbers and flexible wavelength tuning over a range of 2.6 terahertz. In addition, grating formation dynamics and competition are observed. These findings underscore the potential of Si3N4 as a robust, integrative platform for on-chip, tunable green light sources.
", "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.adw2781", "pmcid": "PMC12219504", "issn": "2375-2548", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science Advances", "publication_date": "2025-07-04", "series_number": "27", "volume": "11", "issue": "27", "pages": "eadw2781" }, { "id": "authors:jhdww-xjd32", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jhdww-xjd32", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jhdww-xjd32", "type": "article", "title": "Spiral resonator referenced low noise microwave generation via integrated optical frequency division", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cheng", "given_name": "Long" }, { "family_name": "Zhao", "given_name": "Mengdi" }, { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Yang" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0002-5961-8257" }, { "family_name": "Meade", "given_name": "Roy" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Mian", "orcid": "0000-0001-9838-3895" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "orcid": "0009-0004-5761-9442" } ], "abstract": "

A low noise oscillator is a crucial component in determining system performance in modern communication, microwave spectroscopy, microwave-based sensing (including radar and remote sensing), and metrology systems. In recent years, ultra-low phase noise photonic microwave oscillators based on optical frequency division have become a paradigm shift for the generation of high performance microwave signals. In this work, we report on-chip low phase noise photonic microwave generation based on spiral resonator referenced lasers and an integrated electro-optical frequency comb. Dual lasers are co-locked to an ultra-high-Q silicon nitride spiral resonator and their relative phase noise is measured below the cavity thermal noise limit, resulting in record low on-chip optical phase noise. A broadband integrated electro-optic frequency comb is utilized to divide down the relative phase noise of the spiral resonator referenced lasers to the microwave domain, resulting in record-low phase noise for chip-based oscillators (−69  dBc/Hz at 10 Hz offset, and −144  dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset for a 10 GHz carrier scaled from 37.3 GHz output). The exceptional phase noise performance, planar chip design, high technology readiness level, and foundry-ready processing of the current work represent a major advance of integrated photonic microwave oscillators.

", "doi": "10.1364/prj.562434", "issn": "2327-9125", "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group", "publication": "Photonics Research", "publication_date": "2025-07-01", "series_number": "7", "volume": "13", "issue": "7", "pages": "1991-1996" }, { "id": "authors:trwgp-xf494", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "trwgp-xf494", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/trwgp-xf494", "type": "article", "title": "Harnessing micro-Fabry\u2013P\u00e9rot reference cavities in photonic integrated circuits", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cheng", "given_name": "Haotian", "orcid": "0009-0007-4566-9268" }, { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Naijun", "orcid": "0000-0002-6555-6224" }, { "family_name": "Kudelin", "given_name": "Igor" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170" }, { "family_name": "Heyrich", "given_name": "Matthew" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Yifan", "orcid": "0009-0008-7040-8171" }, { "family_name": "Peters", "given_name": "Jonathan" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Yishu", "orcid": "0000-0002-1654-8084" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Quinlan", "given_name": "Franklyn", "orcid": "0000-0002-3766-6549" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296" }, { "family_name": "Rakich", "given_name": "Peter T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6081-1249" } ], "abstract": "Compact photonic systems that offer high frequency stability and low noise are of increasing importance to applications in precision metrology, quantum computing, communication and advanced sensing technologies. However, on-chip resonators comprising dielectrics cannot match the frequency stability and noise characteristics of Fabry\u2013P\u00e9rot cavities, whose electromagnetic modes live almost entirely in vacuum. Here we present a novel strategy to interface microfabricated Fabry\u2013P\u00e9rot cavities with photonic integrated circuits to realize compact, high-performance integrated systems. Using this new integration approach, we demonstrate the self-injection locking of an on-chip laser to a millimetre-scale vacuum-gap Fabry\u2013P\u00e9rot cavity using a circuit interface that transforms the reflected cavity response to enable efficient feedback to the laser. This system achieves a phase noise of \u201397\u2009dBc\u2009Hz\u20131 at 10-kHz offset frequency, a fractional frequency stability of 5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u221213 at 10\u2009ms, a 150-Hz 1/\u03c0 integral linewidth and a 35-mHz fundamental linewidth. We also present a complementary integration strategy that utilizes a vertical-emission grating coupler and a back-reflection cancellation circuit to realize a fully co-integrated module that effectively redirects the reflected signals and isolates back-reflections with a 10-dB suppression ratio, serving as a key for on-chip Pound\u2013Drever\u2013Hall locking. Together, these results highlight how vacuum-gap Fabry\u2013P\u00e9rot reference cavities can be harnessed for ultrastable, low-noise photonic systems.", "doi": "10.1038/s41566-025-01701-5", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2025-06-06" }, { "id": "authors:pdc14-yyb85", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pdc14-yyb85", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pdc14-yyb85", "type": "article", "title": "Dispersive-wave-agile optical frequency division", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Wei", "orcid": "0000-0003-2065-2535" }, { "family_name": "Savchenkov", "given_name": "Anatoliy" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Peng", "orcid": "0009-0002-1270-3240", "clpid": "Liu-Peng" }, { "family_name": "Sun", "given_name": "Shuman", "orcid": "0009-0005-9898-2536", "clpid": "Sun-Shuman" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170" }, { "family_name": "Peters", "given_name": "Jonathan" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario" }, { "family_name": "Ilchenko", "given_name": "Vladimir", "orcid": "0009-0002-3545-8700" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296" }, { "family_name": "Matsko", "given_name": "Andrey", "orcid": "0000-0001-9939-9311" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The remarkable frequency stability of resonant systems in the optical domain (optical cavities and atomic transitions) can be harnessed at frequency scales accessible by electronics using optical frequency division. This capability is revolutionizing technologies spanning time keeping to high-performance electrical signal sources. A version of the technique called two-point optical frequency division (2P-OFD) is proving advantageous for application to high-performance signal sources. In 2P-OFD, an optical cavity anchors two spectral endpoints defined by lines of a frequency comb. The comb need not be self-referenced, which greatly simplifies the system architecture and reduces power requirements. Here, a 2P-OFD microwave signal source is demonstrated with record-low phase noise using a microcomb. Key to this advance is a spectral endpoint defined by a frequency-agile single-mode dispersive wave that is emitted by the microcomb soliton. Moreover, the system frequency reference is a compact all-solid-state optical cavity with a record Q factor. A hybridly packaged version of the system offers excellent longer term stability. The results advance integrable microcomb-based signal sources into the performance realm of much larger microwave sources.", "doi": "10.1038/s41566-025-01667-4", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2025-06", "volume": "19", "pages": "624\u2013629" }, { "id": "authors:9r371-pdd98", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9r371-pdd98", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9r371-pdd98", "type": "article", "title": "Near-visible integrated soliton microcombs with detectable repetition rates", "author": [ { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Peng", "orcid": "0009-0002-1270-3240", "clpid": "Liu-Peng" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Jin-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Ge", "given_name": "Jinhao", "orcid": "0009-0008-8175-0431", "clpid": "Ge-Jinhao" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Mingxiao", "orcid": "0000-0003-4951-6887" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "orcid": "0000-0002-7791-0008", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Yan", "clpid": "Yu-Yan" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "

Integrated soliton microcombs benefit a wide range of conventional comb applications through their compactness and scalability. And applications such as optical clocks and biosensing have driven interest in their operation at wavelengths approaching the visible band. However, increasing normal dispersion and optical loss at shorter wavelengths make short pulse operation at low pumping power challenging, especially for detectable-rate microcombs. Here, low-pump-power, detectable-rate soliton microcombs are demonstrated from telecom to visible bands using ultra-low-loss silicon nitride waveguides. Wavelength-multiplexed operation spanning 2/3 octave is also demonstrated in a single device. The results fill a gap needed for realization of integrated self-referenced visible microcombs.

", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-025-60157-x", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2025-05-22", "series_number": "1", "volume": "16", "issue": "1", "pages": "4780" }, { "id": "authors:vfzsb-jqb12", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vfzsb-jqb12", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vfzsb-jqb12", "type": "article", "title": "Down-converted photon pairs in a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Bohan", "orcid": "0009-0007-8210-1903", "clpid": "Li-Bohan" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Williams", "given_name": "James", "clpid": "Williams-James" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren" }, { "family_name": "Beckert", "given_name": "Adrian", "orcid": "0000-0001-7218-4214", "clpid": "Beckert-Adrian" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Tian", "clpid": "Xie-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296" }, { "family_name": "Marandi", "given_name": "Alireza", "orcid": "0000-0002-0470-0050", "clpid": "Marandi-Alireza" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "
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Entangled photon pairs from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are central to many quantum applications, SPDC is typically performed in non-centrosymmetric systems with an inherent second-order nonlinearity (χ(2)). We demonstrate strong narrowband SPDC with an on-chip rate of 0.8 million pairs per second in Si3N4. Si3N4 is the pre-eminent material for photonic integration and also exhibits the lowest waveguide loss (which is essential for integrated quantum circuits). However, being amorphous, silicon nitride lacks an intrinsic χ(2), which limits its role in photonic quantum devices. We enabled SPDC in Si3N4 by combining strong light-field enhancement inside a high optical Q-factor microcavity with an optically induced space-charge field. We present narrowband photon pairs with a high spectral brightness. The quantum nature of the down-converted photon pairs is verified through coincidence measurements. This light source, based on Si3N4 integrated photonics technology, unlocks new avenues for quantum systems on a chip.

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", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-08662-3", "pmcid": "PMC11946901", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2025-03-27", "series_number": "8056", "volume": "639", "issue": "8056", "pages": "922-927" }, { "id": "authors:47zpx-86j34", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "47zpx-86j34", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/47zpx-86j34", "type": "article", "title": "Probing an auxiliary laser to tune the repetition rate of a soliton microcomb", "author": [ { "family_name": "Mahmood", "given_name": "Tanvir", "orcid": "0009-0001-3646-4152" }, { "family_name": "Cahill", "given_name": "James P." }, { "family_name": "Sykes", "given_name": "Patrick" }, { "family_name": "Courtright", "given_name": "Logan" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Menyuk", "given_name": "Curtis R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0269-8433" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "orcid": "0000-0002-0945-5840" } ], "abstract": "

We demonstrate that it is possible to linearly tune the repetition rate of a bright soliton comb that is generated using an Si3N4 microring resonator by linearly varying the frequency of an auxiliary heater laser. Hence, the auxiliary laser can be utilized as a linear active feedback element for stabilizing the repetition rate. We investigated the potential of the auxiliary laser as an actuator of the soliton repetition rate by varying the auxiliary laser frequency at different modulation rates. Within the modulation bandwidth of the laser, we find that the variation ratio, defined as the ratio of the change in the repetition rate to the change in the laser frequency, remains unchanged. This variation ratio also quantifies the correlation between the frequency drift of the auxiliary laser and the repetition rate phase noise and makes it possible to examine the impact of frequency drift on the attainable phase noise performance of the soliton microcomb. For our setup, we find that the repetition rate phase noise of the microcomb below a 1-kHz offset from the carrier is dominated by the frequency drift of the auxiliary laser, which emphasizes the importance of deploying an inherently low-phase-noise laser when auxiliary laser heating technique is utilized.

", "doi": "10.1364/optcon.547259", "issn": "2770-0208", "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group", "publication": "Optics Continuum", "publication_date": "2025-02-15", "series_number": "2", "volume": "4", "issue": "2", "pages": "364" }, { "id": "authors:414zz-rqz29", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "414zz-rqz29", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/414zz-rqz29", "type": "article", "title": "Photonic millimeter-wave generation beyond the cavity thermal limit", "author": [ { "family_name": "Groman", "given_name": "William", "orcid": "0009-0004-0223-2726" }, { "family_name": "Kudelin", "given_name": "Igor", "orcid": "0000-0002-5892-8544" }, { "family_name": "Lind", "given_name": "Alexander" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Dahyeon", "orcid": "0000-0002-5779-0010" }, { "family_name": "Nakamura", "given_name": "Takuma", "orcid": "0000-0003-1350-549X" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Yifan", "orcid": "0009-0008-7040-8171" }, { "family_name": "Kelleher", "given_name": "Megan L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8720-2953" }, { "family_name": "McLemore", "given_name": "Charles A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1662-8455" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296" }, { "family_name": "Quinlan", "given_name": "Franklyn", "orcid": "0000-0002-3766-6549" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764" } ], "abstract": "Next-generation communications, radar, and navigation systems will extend and exploit the higher bandwidth of the millimeter-wave domain for increased communication data rates as well as radar with higher sensitivity and increased spatial resolution. However, realizing these advantages will require the generation of millimeter-wave signals with low phase noise in simple and compact form-factors. Photonic integration addresses this challenge and provides a path toward simplified and portable, low-noise mm-wave generation. We leverage these advances by heterodyning two silicon photonic chip lasers, phase-locked to different axial modes of a miniature Fabry\u2013Perot (F-P) cavity to demonstrate a simple framework for generating low-noise millimeter-waves. By reducing technical noise, we achieve common-mode rejection of the thermally driven Brownian noise such that the millimeter-wave phase noise surpasses that of the thermal limit of a single laser locked to the F-P cavity. This leads to a 118.1\u00a0GHz millimeter-wave signal with phase noise of \u2212118dBc/Hz at 10\u00a0kHz offset, decreasing to \u2212120dBc/Hz at 30\u00a0kHz offset. We achieve this with technologies that can be integrated into a platform less than \u224810mL. Our work overcomes fundamental thermal-mechanical noise limits intrinsic to integrated photonics, while illustrating advantages of the same for providing low-size, -weight, and -power (SWaP) mm-waves that will be enabling for multiple applications in communications and sensing.", "doi": "10.1364/optica.536549", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2024-11-20", "series_number": "11", "volume": "11", "issue": "11", "pages": "1583" }, { "id": "authors:rx2d1-8fq90", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rx2d1-8fq90", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rx2d1-8fq90", "type": "article", "title": "Observation of interband Kelly sidebands in coupled-ring soliton microcombs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "orcid": "0000-0002-7791-0008", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Yan", "clpid": "Yu-Yan" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Ge", "given_name": "Jinhao", "clpid": "Ge-Jinhao" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "orcid": "0000-0002-6991-8392", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "orcid": "0009-0009-5006-3871", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "

Kelly sidebands are a special type of dispersive wave that appear in mode-locked systems and they have recently been observed by pulsed excitation in integrated microcombs. Here, Kelly sidebands are generated by continuous-wave excitation in a partially coupled racetrack-resonator microcomb. The coupled-racetrack system supports two optical bands so that, in contrast to earlier studies, the soliton and Kelly sideband reside in distinct bands. The resulting interband excitation of the Kelly sidebands relaxes power requirements and continuous-wave sideband excitation is demonstrated. Tuning of sideband spectral position under pulsed excitation is also studied. Numerical simulation and the experiment show that the sidebands rely upon symmetry breaking caused by partial coupling of the two-ring system. More generally, multiband systems provide a new way to engineer Kelly sidebands for spectral broadening of microcombs.

", "doi": "10.1364/optica.524074", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2024-07-20", "series_number": "7", "volume": "11", "issue": "7", "pages": "940-944" }, { "id": "authors:wd0p0-1wz82", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wd0p0-1wz82", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wd0p0-1wz82", "type": "article", "title": "Multimodality integrated microresonators using the Moir\u00e9 speedup effect", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Peng", "orcid": "0009-0002-1270-3240", "clpid": "Liu-Peng" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170", "clpid": "Guo-Joel" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Peters", "given_name": "Jonathan", "orcid": "0000-0003-0809-1579", "clpid": "Peters-Jonathan" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "orcid": "0000-0002-6991-8392", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "orcid": "0009-0009-5006-3871", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "
High-Q microresonators are indispensable components of photonic integrated circuits and offer several useful operational modes. However, these modes cannot be reconfigured after fabrication because they are fixed by the resonator’s physical geometry. In this work, we propose a Moiré speedup dispersion tuning method that enables a microresonator device to operate in any of three modes. Electrical tuning of Vernier coupled rings switches operating modality to Brillouin laser, bright microcomb, and dark microcomb operation on demand using the same hybrid-integrated device. Brillouin phase matching and microcomb operation across the telecom C-band is demonstrated. Likewise, by using a single-pump wavelength, the operating mode can be switched. As a result, one universal design can be applied across a range of applications. The device brings flexible mixed-mode operation to integrated photonic circuits.
", "doi": "10.1126/science.adk9429", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2024-03-08", "series_number": "6687", "volume": "383", "issue": "6687", "pages": "1080-1083" }, { "id": "authors:7cxe1-j6863", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7cxe1-j6863", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7cxe1-j6863", "type": "article", "title": "Photonic chip-based low-noise microwave oscillator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kudelin", "given_name": "Igor", "orcid": "0000-0002-5892-8544", "clpid": "Kudelin-Igor" }, { "family_name": "Groman", "given_name": "William", "orcid": "0009-0004-0223-2726" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170" }, { "family_name": "Kelleher", "given_name": "Megan L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8720-2953" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Dahyeon", "orcid": "0000-0002-5779-0010" }, { "family_name": "Nakamura", "given_name": "Takuma", "orcid": "0000-0003-1350-549X" }, { "family_name": "McLemore", "given_name": "Charles A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1662-8455" }, { "family_name": "Shirmohammadi", "given_name": "Pedram", "orcid": "0009-0000-5582-7185" }, { "family_name": "Hanifi", "given_name": "Samin" }, { "family_name": "Cheng", "given_name": "Haotian", "orcid": "0009-0007-4566-9268" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Naijun", "orcid": "0000-0002-6555-6224" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Halladay", "given_name": "Samuel" }, { "family_name": "Luo", "given_name": "Yizhi" }, { "family_name": "Dai", "given_name": "Zhaowei", "orcid": "0009-0007-2491-069X" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982" }, { "family_name": "Bai", "given_name": "Junwu", "orcid": "0009-0007-5377-587X" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Yifan", "orcid": "0009-0008-7040-8171" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Wei", "orcid": "0000-0003-2065-2535", "clpid": "Zhang-Wei" }, { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349" }, { "family_name": "Iltchenko", "given_name": "Vladimir", "orcid": "0009-0002-3545-8700", "clpid": "Iltchenko-Vladimir" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Owen", "orcid": "0000-0003-2745-2392" }, { "family_name": "Matsko", "given_name": "Andrey", "orcid": "0000-0001-9939-9311", "clpid": "Matsko-Andrey" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "Steven M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4243-8663" }, { "family_name": "Rakich", "given_name": "Peter T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6081-1249" }, { "family_name": "Campbell", "given_name": "Joe C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6812-7647" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Quinlan", "given_name": "Franklyn", "orcid": "0000-0002-3766-6549" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764" } ], "abstract": "
\n
\n

Numerous modern technologies are reliant on the low-phase noise and exquisite timing stability of microwave signals. Substantial progress has been made in the field of microwave photonics, whereby low-noise microwave signals are generated by the down-conversion of ultrastable optical references using a frequency comb1,2,3. Such systems, however, are constructed with bulk or fibre optics and are difficult to further reduce in size and power consumption. In this work we address this challenge by leveraging advances in integrated photonics to demonstrate low-noise microwave generation via two-point optical frequency division4,5. Narrow-linewidth self-injection-locked integrated lasers6,7 are stabilized to a miniature Fabry–Pérot cavity8, and the frequency gap between the lasers is divided with an efficient dark soliton frequency comb9. The stabilized output of the microcomb is photodetected to produce a microwave signal at 20 GHz with phase noise of −96 dBc Hz−1 at 100 Hz offset frequency that decreases to −135 dBc Hz−1 at 10 kHz offset—values that are unprecedented for an integrated photonic system. All photonic components can be heterogeneously integrated on a single chip, providing a significant advance for the application of photonics to high-precision navigation, communication and timing systems.

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", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-024-07058-z", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2024-03-06" }, { "id": "authors:ce3h3-ts227", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ce3h3-ts227", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ce3h3-ts227", "type": "article", "title": "High-coherence hybrid-integrated 780\u2009\u2009nm source by self-injection-locked second-harmonic generation in a high-Q silicon-nitride resonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Bohan", "orcid": "0009-0007-8210-1903", "clpid": "Li-Bohan" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170", "clpid": "Guo-Joel" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "orcid": "0000-0002-6991-8392", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Visible, high-coherence optical sources are important to a wide range of applications spanning spectroscopy to precision timing. Integration of these sources on a semiconductor chip is a necessary step if the systems that use these devices are to be made compact, portable, and low power. Here, by self-injection-locking a 1560\u00a0nm distributed feedback semiconductor laser to a high-Q silicon-nitride resonator, a high-coherence 780\u00a0nm second-harmonic signal is generated via the photogalvanic-induced second-order nonlinearity. A record-low frequency noise floor of 4Hz2/Hz is achieved for the 780\u00a0nm emission. The approach can potentially generate signals over a wide range of visible and near-visible bands, and thereby help transition many table-top systems into a fieldable form.", "doi": "10.1364/optica.498391", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2023-09-20", "series_number": "9", "volume": "10", "issue": "9", "pages": "1241-1244" }, { "id": "authors:3mr1g-byj20", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3mr1g-byj20", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3mr1g-byj20", "type": "article", "title": "3D integration enables ultralow-noise isolator-free lasers in silicon photonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982" }, { "family_name": "Terra", "given_name": "Osama" }, { "family_name": "Dong", "given_name": "Bozhang", "orcid": "0000-0001-5826-6723" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170" }, { "family_name": "Morin", "given_name": "Theodore J." }, { "family_name": "Hughes", "given_name": "Eamonn" }, { "family_name": "Peters", "given_name": "Jonathan", "clpid": "Peters-Jonathan" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" } ], "abstract": "

Photonic integrated circuits are widely used in applications such as telecommunications and data-centre interconnects1,2,3,4,5. However, in optical systems such as microwave synthesizers6, optical gyroscopes7 and atomic clocks8, photonic integrated circuits are still considered inferior solutions despite their advantages in size, weight, power consumption and cost. Such high-precision and highly coherent applications favour ultralow-noise laser sources to be integrated with other photonic components in a compact and robustly aligned format\u2014that is, on a single chip\u2014for photonic integrated circuits to replace bulk optics and fibres. There are two major issues preventing the realization of such envisioned photonic integrated circuits: the high phase noise of semiconductor lasers and the difficulty of integrating optical isolators directly on-chip. Here we challenge this convention by leveraging three-dimensional integration that results in ultralow-noise lasers with isolator-free operation for silicon photonics. Through multiple monolithic and heterogeneous processing sequences, direct on-chip integration of III\u2013V gain medium and ultralow-loss silicon nitride waveguides with optical loss around 0.5\u2009decibels per metre are demonstrated. Consequently, the demonstrated photonic integrated circuit enters a regime that gives rise to ultralow-noise lasers and microwave synthesizers without the need for optical isolators, owing to the ultrahigh-quality-factor cavity. Such photonic integrated circuits also offer superior scalability for complex functionalities and volume production, as well as improved stability and reliability over time. The three-dimensional integration on ultralow-loss photonic integrated circuits thus marks a critical step towards complex systems and networks on silicon.

", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-023-06251-w", "pmcid": "PMC10396957", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2023-08-10", "series_number": "7972", "volume": "620", "issue": "7972", "pages": "78-85" }, { "id": "authors:rvchr-hwj88", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rvchr-hwj88", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rvchr-hwj88", "type": "article", "title": "AlGaAs soliton microcombs at room temperature", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Weiqiang" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Hao-Jing", "orcid": "0000-0001-8907-3908" }, { "family_name": "Colburn", "given_name": "Kellan", "orcid": "0000-0001-6788-6051" }, { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Jin-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Yan" }, { "family_name": "Yamamoto", "given_name": "Yoshihisa" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Soliton mode locking in high-Q\n\t\t\t\t\tmicrocavities provides a way to integrate frequency comb systems.\n\t\t\t\t\tAmong material platforms, AlGaAs has one of the largest optical\n\t\t\t\t\tnonlinearity coefficients, and is advantageous for low-pump-threshold\n\t\t\t\t\tcomb generation. However, AlGaAs also has a very large thermo-optic\n\t\t\t\t\teffect that destabilizes soliton formation, and femtosecond soliton\n\t\t\t\t\tpulse generation has only been possible at cryogenic temperatures.\n\t\t\t\t\tHere, soliton generation in AlGaAs microresonators at room temperature\n\t\t\t\t\tis reported for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The\n\t\t\t\t\tdestabilizing thermo-optic effect is shown to instead provide\n\t\t\t\t\tstability in the high-repetition-rate soliton regime (corresponding to\n\t\t\t\t\ta large, normalized second-order dispersion parameter D 2/\u03ba).\n\t\t\t\t\tSingle soliton and soliton crystal generation with sub-milliwatt\n\t\t\t\t\toptical pump power are demonstrated. The generality of this approach\n\t\t\t\t\tis verified in a high-Q silica\n\t\t\t\t\tmicrotoroid where manual tuning into the soliton regime is\n\t\t\t\t\tdemonstrated. Besides the advantages of large optical nonlinearity,\n\t\t\t\t\tthese AlGaAs devices are natural candidates for integration with\n\t\t\t\t\tsemiconductor pump lasers. Furthermore, the approach should generalize\n\t\t\t\t\tto any high-Q resonator material\n\t\t\t\t\tplatform.", "doi": "10.1364/ol.484552", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2023-08-01", "series_number": "15", "volume": "48", "issue": "15", "pages": "3853-3856" }, { "id": "authors:49mfp-s5z22", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "49mfp-s5z22", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230628-257000000.9", "type": "article", "title": "High-speed tunable microwave-rate soliton microcomb", "author": [ { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Yang", "orcid": "0000-0002-6636-0549", "clpid": "He-Yang" }, { "family_name": "Lopez-Rios", "given_name": "Raymond", "orcid": "0000-0002-3569-9048", "clpid": "Lopez-Rios-Raymond" }, { "family_name": "Javid", "given_name": "Usman A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9266-7395", "clpid": "Javid-Usman-A" }, { "family_name": "Ling", "given_name": "Jingwei", "orcid": "0000-0002-7576-0878", "clpid": "Ling-Jingwei" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Mingxiao", "orcid": "0000-0003-4951-6887", "clpid": "Li-Mingxiao" }, { "family_name": "Xue", "given_name": "Shixin", "clpid": "Xue-Shixin" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" } ], "abstract": "Soliton microcombs are a promising new approach for photonic-based microwave signal synthesis. To date, however, the tuning rate has been limited in microcombs. Here, we demonstrate the first microwave-rate soliton microcomb whose repetition rate can be tuned at a high speed. By integrating an electro-optic modulation element into a lithium niobate comb microresonator, a modulation bandwidth up to 75 MHz and a continuous frequency modulation rate up to 5.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u00b9\u2074 Hz/s are achieved, several orders-of-magnitude faster than existing microcomb technology. The device offers a significant bandwidth of up to tens of gigahertz for locking the repetition rate to an external microwave reference, enabling both direct injection locking and feedback locking to the comb resonator itself without involving external modulation. These features are especially useful for disciplining an optical voltage-controlled oscillator to a long-term reference and the demonstrated fast repetition rate control is expected to have a profound impact on all applications of frequency combs.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-39229-3", "pmcid": "PMC10260980", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2023-06-12", "volume": "14", "pages": "Art. No. 3467" }, { "id": "authors:qmygv-9y642", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qmygv-9y642", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230307-207211000.45", "type": "article", "title": "Self\u2010Injection Locked Frequency Conversion Laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ling", "given_name": "Jingwei", "orcid": "0000-0002-7576-0878", "clpid": "Ling-Jingwei" }, { "family_name": "Staffa", "given_name": "Jeremy", "orcid": "0000-0003-2140-0516", "clpid": "Staffa-Jeremy" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Javid", "given_name": "Usman A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9266-7395", "clpid": "Javid-Usman-A" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Lopez\u2010Rios", "given_name": "Raymond", "orcid": "0000-0002-3569-9048", "clpid": "Lopez\u2010Rios-Raymond" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Mingxiao", "orcid": "0000-0003-4951-6887", "clpid": "Li-Mingxiao" }, { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Yang", "clpid": "He-Yang" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Bohan", "clpid": "Li-Bohan" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" } ], "abstract": "High-coherence visible and near-visible laser sources are centrally important to the operation of advanced position/navigation/timing systems as well as classical/quantum sensing systems. However, the complexity and size of these bench-top lasers are an impediment to their transition beyond the laboratory. Here, a system-on-chip that emits high-coherence near-visible lightwaves is demonstrated. The devices rely upon a new approach wherein wavelength conversion and coherence increase by self-injection locking are combined within a single nonlinear resonator. This simplified approach is demonstrated in a hybridly-integrated device and provides a short-term linewidth of around 4.7 kHz (10 kHz before filtering). On-chip converted optical power over 2 mW is also obtained. Moreover, measurements show that heterogeneous integration can result in a conversion efficiency higher than 25% with an output power over 11 mW. Because the approach uses mature III\u2013V pump lasers in combination with thin-film lithium niobate, it can be scaled for low-cost manufacturing of high-coherence visible emitters. Also, the coherence generation process can be transferred to other frequency conversion processes, including optical parametric oscillation, sum/difference frequency generation, and third-harmonic generation.", "doi": "10.1002/lpor.202200663", "issn": "1863-8880", "publisher": "Wiley", "publication": "Laser and Photonics Reviews", "publication_date": "2023-05-11", "pages": "Art. No. 2200663" }, { "id": "authors:h0pxn-e3d69", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "h0pxn-e3d69", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230321-821105700.19", "type": "article", "title": "Engineered zero-dispersion microcombs using CMOS-ready photonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Yan", "clpid": "Yu-Yan" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Wei", "orcid": "0000-0003-2065-2535", "clpid": "Zhang-Wei" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "orcid": "0000-0002-7791-0008", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Bohan", "clpid": "Li-Bohan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming-APh" }, { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346", "clpid": "Xiang-Chao" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170", "clpid": "Guo-Joel" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "orcid": "0000-0002-6991-8392", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Ilchenko", "given_name": "Vladimir S.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0757-4387", "clpid": "Ilchenko-Vladimir-S" }, { "family_name": "Matsko", "given_name": "Andrey B.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9939-9311", "clpid": "Matsko-Andrey-B" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Normal group velocity dispersion (GVD) microcombs offer high comb line power and high pumping efficiency compared to bright pulse microcombs. The recent demonstration of normal GVD microcombs using CMOS foundry-produced microresonators is an important step toward scalable production. However, the chromatic dispersion of CMOS devices is large and impairs the generation of broadband microcombs. Here, we report the development of a microresonator in which GVD is reduced due to a coupled-ring resonator configuration. Operating in the turnkey self-injection locking mode, the resonator is integrated in a hybrid manner with a semiconductor laser pump to produce high-power efficiency combs spanning a bandwidth of 9.9\u00a0nm (1.22\u00a0THz) centered at 1560\u00a0nm, corresponding to 62 comb lines. Fast, linear optical sampling of the comb waveform is used to observe the rich set of near-zero GVD comb behaviors, including soliton molecules, switching waves (platicons), and their hybrids. Tuning of the 20\u00a0GHz repetition rate by electrical actuation enables servo locking to a microwave reference, which simultaneously stabilizes the comb repetition rate, offset frequency, and temporal waveform. This integrated hybrid system could be used in coherent communications or for ultrastable microwave signal generation by two-point optical frequency division.", "doi": "10.1364/optica.478710", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2023-02-20", "series_number": "2", "volume": "10", "issue": "2", "pages": "279-285" }, { "id": "authors:0tj2j-sp845", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0tj2j-sp845", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230607-933702000.1", "type": "monograph", "title": "Soliton pulse pairs at multiple colors in normal dispersion microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "orcid": "0000-0002-7791-0008", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Yan", "clpid": "Yu-Yan-Richard" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming-APh" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "orcid": "0000-0002-6991-8392", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Soliton microcombs are helping to advance the miniaturization of a range of comb systems. These combs mode lock through the formation of short temporal pulses in anomalous dispersion resonators. Here, a new microcomb is demonstrated that mode locks through the formation of pulse pairs in normal-dispersion coupled-ring resonators. Unlike conventional microcombs, pulses in this system cannot exist alone, and instead must phase lock in pairs to form a bright soliton comb. Also, the pulses can form at recurring spectral windows and the pulses in each pair feature different optical spectra. This pairwise mode-locking modality extends to higher dimensions and we demonstrate 3-ring systems in which 3 pulses mode lock through alternating pairwise pulse coupling. The results are demonstrated using the new CMOS-foundry platform that has not previously produced bright solitons on account of its inherent normal dispersion. The ability to generate multi-color pulse pairs over multiple rings is an important new feature for microcombs. It can extend the concept of all-optical soliton buffers and memories to multiple storage rings that multiplex pulses with respect to soliton color and that are spatially addressable. The results also suggest a new platform for the study of quantum combs and topological photonics.", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2023-01-26" }, { "id": "authors:bt7gy-wwh37", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "bt7gy-wwh37", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230307-205876300.14", "type": "article", "title": "Small-sized, ultra-low phase noise photonic microwave oscillators at X-Ka bands", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Small-sized, ultra-low phase noise photonic microwave oscillators at 10, 20, 30, and 40 GHz are demonstrated using electro-optical frequency division. At 40 GHz, a record-low, to our knowledge, phase noise of \u2212153 dBc/Hz is achieved (10 kHz offset).", "doi": "10.1364/optica.477602", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2023-01-20", "series_number": "1", "volume": "10", "issue": "1", "pages": "33-34" }, { "id": "authors:xv3mf-37v36", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xv3mf-37v36", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230111-282624100.6", "type": "article", "title": "Self-regulating soliton switching waves in microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Yan", "clpid": "Yu-Yan" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Leal", "given_name": "Mark A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6779-3741", "clpid": "Leal-Mark-A" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Dissipative soliton Kerr frequency combs in microresonators have recently been demonstrated with the self-injection locking process. In addition to turnkey deterministic comb generation, this mode of operation simplifies dark pulse generation in the normal dispersion regime. Here, the formation process of dark pulses triggered by self-injection locking is studied by regarding them as a pair of switching waves that connect domains having different intracavity powers. The self-injection locking mechanism allows the switching waves to self-regulate their position so that a wide range of comb states can be accessed, and the duty cycle is controlled by the feedback phase. The dark pulse shape is also imaged using the linear optical sampling technique. The results provide physical insights as well as an operational modality for this important class of nonlinear waves.", "doi": "10.1103/physreva.106.053508", "issn": "2469-9926", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2022-11", "series_number": "5", "volume": "106", "issue": "5", "pages": "Art. No. 053508" }, { "id": "authors:b3mmc-5ga39", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "b3mmc-5ga39", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230515-138539000.18", "type": "article", "title": "Chip-based laser with 1-hertz integrated linewidth", "author": [ { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170", "clpid": "Guo-Joel" }, { "family_name": "McLemore", "given_name": "Charles A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1662-8455", "clpid": "McLemore-Charles-A" }, { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346", "clpid": "Xiang-Chao" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Dahyeon", "orcid": "0000-0002-5779-0010", "clpid": "Lee-Dahyeon" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Kelleher", "given_name": "Megan", "orcid": "0000-0002-8720-2953", "clpid": "Kelleher-Megan" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Naijun", "orcid": "0000-0002-6555-6224", "clpid": "Jin-Naijun" }, { "family_name": "Mason", "given_name": "David", "orcid": "0000-0002-8208-4310", "clpid": "Mason-David" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "orcid": "0000-0002-6991-8392", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Rakich", "given_name": "Peter T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6081-1249", "clpid": "Rakich-Peter-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-Scott-A" }, { "family_name": "Quinlan", "given_name": "Franklyn", "orcid": "0000-0002-3766-6549", "clpid": "Quinlan-Franklyn" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" } ], "abstract": "Lasers with hertz linewidths at time scales of seconds are critical for metrology, timekeeping, and manipulation of quantum systems. Such frequency stability relies on bulk-optic lasers and reference cavities, where increased size is leveraged to reduce noise but with the trade-off of cost, hand assembly, and limited applications. Alternatively, planar waveguide\u2013based lasers enjoy complementary metal-oxide semiconductor scalability yet are fundamentally limited from achieving hertz linewidths by stochastic noise and thermal sensitivity. In this work, we demonstrate a laser system with a 1-s linewidth of 1.1 Hz and fractional frequency instability below 10\u207b\u00b9\u2074 to 1 s. This low-noise performance leverages integrated lasers together with an 8-ml vacuum-gap cavity using microfabricated mirrors. All critical components are lithographically defined on planar substrates, holding potential for high-volume manufacturing. Consequently, this work provides an important advance toward compact lasers with hertz linewidths for portable optical clocks, radio frequency photonic oscillators, and related communication and navigation systems.", "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.abp9006", "pmcid": "PMC9616488", "issn": "2375-2548", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science Advances", "publication_date": "2022-10-28", "series_number": "43", "volume": "8", "issue": "43", "pages": "Art. No. eabp9006" }, { "id": "authors:wr2hx-xe181", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wr2hx-xe181", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221013-48885100.16", "type": "article", "title": "Extending the spectrum of fully integrated photonics to submicrometre wavelengths", "author": [ { "family_name": "Tran", "given_name": "Minh A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2195-6381", "clpid": "Tran-Minh-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Chong", "orcid": "0000-0001-8536-7634", "clpid": "Zhang-Chong" }, { "family_name": "Morin", "given_name": "Theodore J.", "clpid": "Morin-Theodore-J" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Barik", "given_name": "Sabyasachi", "clpid": "Barik-Sabyasachi" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Woonghee", "clpid": "Lee-Woonghee" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Glenn", "clpid": "Kim-Glenn" }, { "family_name": "Malik", "given_name": "Aditya", "clpid": "Malik-Aditya" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Zeyu", "orcid": "0000-0002-7157-6272", "clpid": "Zhang-Zeyu" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170", "clpid": "Guo-Joel" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Hyundai", "clpid": "Park-Hyundai" }, { "family_name": "Komljenovic", "given_name": "Tin", "clpid": "Komljenovic-Tin" } ], "abstract": "Integrated photonics has profoundly affected a wide range of technologies underpinning modern society. The ability to fabricate a complete optical system on a chip offers unrivalled scalability, weight, cost and power efficiency. Over the last decade, the progression from pure III\u2013V materials platforms to silicon photonics has significantly broadened the scope of integrated photonics, by combining integrated lasers with the high-volume, advanced fabrication capabilities of the commercial electronics industry. Yet, despite remarkable manufacturing advantages, reliance on silicon-based waveguides currently limits the spectral window available to photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Here, we present a new generation of integrated photonics by directly uniting III\u2013V materials with silicon nitride waveguides on Si wafers. Using this technology, we present a fully integrated PIC at photon energies greater than the bandgap of silicon, demonstrating essential photonic building blocks, including lasers, amplifiers,\u00a0photodetectors, modulators and passives, all operating at submicrometre wavelengths. Using this platform, we achieve unprecedented coherence and tunability in an integrated laser at short wavelength. Furthermore, by making use of this higher photon energy, we demonstrate superb high-temperature performance and kHz-level fundamental linewidths at elevated temperatures. Given the many potential applications at short wavelengths, the success of this integration strategy unlocks a broad range of new integrated photonics applications.", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-022-05119-9", "pmcid": "PMC9534754", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2022-10-06", "series_number": "7930", "volume": "610", "issue": "7930", "pages": "54-60" }, { "id": "authors:qjtny-a6r48", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qjtny-a6r48", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220922-931611600.7", "type": "article", "title": "Integrated Pockels laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Mingxiao", "orcid": "0000-0003-4951-6887", "clpid": "Li-Mingxiao" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Staffa", "given_name": "Jeremy", "orcid": "0000-0003-2140-0516", "clpid": "Staffa-Jeremy" }, { "family_name": "Ling", "given_name": "Jingwei", "orcid": "0000-0002-7576-0878", "clpid": "Ling-Jingwei" }, { "family_name": "Javid", "given_name": "Usman A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9266-7395", "clpid": "Javid-Usman-A" }, { "family_name": "Xue", "given_name": "Shixin", "clpid": "Xue-Shixin" }, { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Yang", "orcid": "0000-0002-6636-0549", "clpid": "He-Yang" }, { "family_name": "Lopez-Rios", "given_name": "Raymond", "orcid": "0000-0002-3569-9048", "clpid": "Lopez-Rios-Raymond" }, { "family_name": "Morin", "given_name": "Theodore J.", "clpid": "Morin-Theodore-J" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Zeng", "given_name": "Siwei", "clpid": "Zeng-Siwei" }, { "family_name": "Zhu", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Zhu-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" } ], "abstract": "The development of integrated semiconductor lasers has miniaturized traditional bulky laser systems, enabling a wide range of photonic applications. A progression from pure III-V based lasers to III-V/external cavity structures has harnessed low-loss waveguides in different material systems, leading to significant improvements in laser coherence and stability. Despite these successes, however, key functions remain absent. In this work, we address a critical missing function by integrating the Pockels effect into a semiconductor laser. Using a hybrid integrated III-V/Lithium Niobate structure, we demonstrate several essential capabilities that have not existed in previous integrated lasers. These include a record-high frequency modulation speed of 2 exahertz/s (2.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u00b9\u2078 Hz/s) and fast switching at 50 MHz, both of which are made possible by integration of the electro-optic effect. Moreover, the device co-lases at infrared and visible frequencies via the second-harmonic frequency conversion process, the first such integrated multi-color laser. Combined with its narrow linewidth and wide tunability, this new type of integrated laser holds promise for many applications including LiDAR, microwave photonics, atomic physics, and AR/VR.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-022-33101-6", "pmcid": "PMC9467990", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2022-09-12", "volume": "13", "pages": "Art. No. 5344" }, { "id": "authors:13pcq-khj11", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "13pcq-khj11", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/13pcq-khj11", "type": "conference_item", "title": "Innovations and advances in instrumentation at the W. M. Keck Observatory, vol. II", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy IX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kassis", "given_name": "Marc ." }, { "family_name": "Allen", "given_name": "Steve" }, { "family_name": "Alvarez", "given_name": "Carlos" }, { "family_name": "Banyal", "given_name": "Ravinder", "orcid": "0000-0003-0799-969X" }, { "family_name": "Bertz", "given_name": "Robert", "clpid": "Bertz-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Beichman", "given_name": "Charles", "orcid": "0000-0002-5627-5471", "clpid": "Beichman-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Brown", "given_name": "Aaron" }, { "family_name": "Brown", "given_name": "Matthew" }, { "family_name": "Cabak", "given_name": "Gerald" }, { "family_name": "Bundy", "given_name": "Kevin" }, { "family_name": "Cetre", "given_name": "Sylvain" }, { "family_name": "Chin", "given_name": "Jason" }, { "family_name": "Chun", "given_name": "Mark" }, { "family_name": "Deich", "given_name": "Will" }, { "family_name": "Dekany", "given_name": "Richard", "orcid": "0000-0002-5884-7867", "clpid": "Dekany-Richard" }, { "family_name": "Delorme", "given_name": "Jacques-Robert", "orcid": "0000-0001-8953-1008" }, { "family_name": "Devenot", "given_name": "Mark" }, { "family_name": "Doppmann", "given_name": "Greg" }, { "family_name": "Fitzgerald", "given_name": "Michael P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0176-8973" }, { "family_name": "Fucik", "given_name": "Jason R.", "clpid": "Fucik-Jason-R" }, { "family_name": "Hill", "given_name": "Grant" }, { "family_name": "Hinz", "given_name": "Philip ." }, { "family_name": "Holden", "given_name": "Bradford P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6153-3076" }, { "family_name": "Howard", "given_name": "Andrew W.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8638-0320", "clpid": "Howard-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Gibson", "given_name": "Steve", "clpid": "Gibson-Steve" }, { "family_name": "Gomez", "given_name": "Percy", "orcid": "0000-0003-0408-9850" }, { "family_name": "Gottschalk", "given_name": "Colby" }, { "family_name": "Gillingham", "given_name": "Peter R." }, { "family_name": "Jones", "given_name": "Tucker" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207", "clpid": "Jovanovic-N" }, { "family_name": "Kirby", "given_name": "Evan" }, { "family_name": "Konopacky", "given_name": "Quinn", "orcid": "0000-0002-9936-6285" }, { "family_name": "Krishnan", "given_name": "Shanti" }, { "family_name": "Kupke", "given_name": "Renate", "orcid": "0000-0002-5826-5314" }, { "family_name": "Larkin", "given_name": "James E." }, { "family_name": "Leifer", "given_name": "Stephanie D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8980-7825" }, { "family_name": "Lewis", "given_name": "Hilton A." }, { "family_name": "Lilley", "given_name": "Scott" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Jessica" }, { "family_name": "Lyke", "given_name": "James E." }, { "family_name": "MacDonald", "given_name": "Nicholas" }, { "family_name": "Marin", "given_name": "Eduardo", "orcid": "0009-0009-6982-2137" }, { "family_name": "Matuszewski", "given_name": "Matt", "clpid": "Matuszewski-Matt" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "McGurk", "given_name": "Rosalie", "orcid": "0000-0003-2064-4105" }, { "family_name": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given_name": "Maxwell A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233", "clpid": "Millar-Blanchaer-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Nash", "given_name": "Reston B.", "clpid": "Nash-Reston-B" }, { "family_name": "Nance", "given_name": "Craig" }, { "family_name": "Neill", "given_name": "James D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0466-1119", "clpid": "Neill-James-D" }, { "family_name": "O'Meara", "given_name": "John M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7893-1054" }, { "family_name": "Peretz", "given_name": "Eliad" }, { "family_name": "Poppett", "given_name": "Claire ." }, { "family_name": "Mather", "given_name": "John C." }, { "family_name": "Radovan", "given_name": "Matthew V." }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Mitsuko K.", "clpid": "Roberts-Mitsuko-K" }, { "family_name": "Ragland", "given_name": "Sam", "orcid": "0000-0002-0696-1780" }, { "family_name": "Rider", "given_name": "Kodi" }, { "family_name": "Rockosi", "given_name": "Constance .", "orcid": "0000-0002-6667-7028" }, { "family_name": "Sandfor", "given_name": "Dale" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Steidel", "given_name": "Charles C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4834-7260", "clpid": "Steidel-C-C" }, { "family_name": "Simha", "given_name": "Sunil", "orcid": "0000-0003-3801-1496" }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andy" }, { "family_name": "Stelter", "given_name": "Richard", "orcid": "0000-0003-4549-0210" }, { "family_name": "Surendran", "given_name": "Avinash", "orcid": "0000-0003-0897-7759" }, { "family_name": "Thorne", "given_name": "James" }, { "family_name": "McCarney", "given_name": "Ben" }, { "family_name": "Lanclos", "given_name": "Kyle", "orcid": "0009-0004-0592-1850" }, { "family_name": "Baker", "given_name": "Ashley", "orcid": "0000-0002-6525-7013", "clpid": "Baker-Ashley" }, { "family_name": "Rubenzahl", "given_name": "Ryan", "orcid": "0000-0003-3856-3143", "clpid": "Rubenzahl-Ryan-Asa" }, { "family_name": "Roy", "given_name": "Arpita", "orcid": "0000-0001-8127-5775" }, { "family_name": "Halverson", "given_name": "Sam" }, { "family_name": "Edelstein", "given_name": "Jerry" }, { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Christopher", "orcid": "0000-0002-8650-1644", "clpid": "Martin-D-Christopher" }, { "family_name": "Savage", "given_name": "Maureen" }, { "family_name": "Sandford", "given_name": "Dale" }, { "family_name": "Sallum", "given_name": "Stephanie", "orcid": "0000-0001-6871-6775" }, { "family_name": "Walawender", "given_name": "Josh", "orcid": "0000-0002-6092-8295" }, { "family_name": "Wizinowich", "given_name": "Peter", "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" }, { "family_name": "Westfall", "given_name": "Kyle B.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1809-6920" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Wright", "given_name": "Shelley A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1034-8054" }, { "family_name": "Wold", "given_name": "Truman" }, { "family_name": "Yeh", "given_name": "Sherry", "orcid": "0000-0002-4037-3114" } ], "editor": [ { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Christopher J." }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia J." }, { "family_name": "Motohara", "given_name": "Kentaro" } ], "abstract": "Since the start of science operations in 1993, the twin 10-meter W. M. Keck Observatory (WMKO) telescopes have continued to maximize their scientific impact and to produce transformative discoveries that keep the observing community on the frontiers of astronomical research. Upgraded capabilities and new instrumentation are provided though collaborative partnerships with Caltech, the University of California, and the University of Hawaii instrument development teams, as well as industry and other organizations. This paper summarizes the performance of recently commissioned infrastructure projects, technology upgrades, and new additions to the suite of observatory instrumentation. We also provide a status of projects currently in design or development phases and, since we keep our eye on the future, summarize projects in exploratory phases that originate from our 2022 strategic plan developed in collaboration with our science community to adapt and respond to evolving science needs.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2628630", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, Washington", "publication_date": "2022-08-29" }, { "id": "authors:kfze3-dx460", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kfze3-dx460", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221128-494241100.46", "type": "book_section", "title": "Brillouin-based radio frequency sources", "book_title": "Brillouin Scattering", "author": [ { "family_name": "Merklein", "given_name": "Moritz", "orcid": "0000-0002-5558-2592", "clpid": "Merklein-Moritz" }, { "family_name": "Schneider", "given_name": "Thomas", "orcid": "0000-0001-6853-7128", "clpid": "Schneider-Thomas" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry John", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Eggleton", "given_name": "Benjmain J.", "clpid": "Eggleton-Benjamin-J" }, { "family_name": "Steel", "given_name": "Michael J.", "clpid": "Steel-Michael-J" }, { "family_name": "Poulton", "given_name": "Christopher G.", "clpid": "Poulton-Christopher-G" } ], "abstract": "High frequency, low-noise RF sources are of great importance for fundamental science as well as many applications ranging from sensing to communications and RADAR to name a few. This chapter describes the chronological development of radiofrequency sources harnessing photonics and highlights the role Brillouin scattering played in their evolution, starting with fiber-based approaches toward small footprint chip-based schemes. We will provide key performance metrics to provide the reader with enough context to follow the discussion and comparisons of the different schemes. At the end of the chapter, we give a perspective on current trends and future directions.", "doi": "10.1016/bs.semsem.2022.05.002", "isbn": "9780323989312", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication_date": "2022-08-26", "pages": "53-80" }, { "id": "authors:htwca-xf684", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "htwca-xf684", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221128-494241100.45", "type": "book_section", "title": "Integrated Brillouin lasers and their applications", "book_title": "Brillouin Scattering", "author": [ { "family_name": "Blumenthal", "given_name": "Daniel J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1735-7220", "clpid": "Blumenthal-Daniel-J" }, { "family_name": "Kabakova", "given_name": "Irina", "orcid": "0000-0002-6831-9478", "clpid": "Kabakova-Irina" }, { "family_name": "Rakich", "given_name": "Peter T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6081-1249", "clpid": "Rakich-Peter-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Eggleton", "given_name": "Benjamin J.", "clpid": "Eggleton-Benjamin-J" }, { "family_name": "Steel", "given_name": "Michael J.", "clpid": "Steel-Michael-J" }, { "family_name": "Poulton", "given_name": "Christopher G.", "clpid": "Pulton-Christopher-G" } ], "abstract": "In this chapter we give a brief history of the Brillouin gain process in optical waveguides and SBLs realized with integrated Brillouin resonators. A brief discussion on the laser fundamental and integral linewidths, the fractional frequency noise, and drift is provided. We discuss progress to date on Brillouin processes in integrated silica, silicon nitride, silicon, and chalcogenide platforms. The underlying Brillouin physics in waveguide materials and the range of waveguide structures and related requirements for photon\u2013phonon phase matching are covered as well as research efforts to implement SBS gain and lasing in these waveguide material systems. Cascaded Brillouin lasing is discussed, including mode engineering approaches to inhibit cascading to enable further linewidth narrowing and higher output powers. Finally, several applications using these integrated Brillouin technologies are presented.", "doi": "10.1016/bs.semsem.2022.05.004", "isbn": "9780323989312", "publisher": "Elsevier", "place_of_publication": "Cambridge, MA", "publication_date": "2022-08-26", "pages": "107-180" }, { "id": "authors:2pef6-2ty64", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2pef6-2ty64", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220707-204109957", "type": "article", "title": "Brillouin backaction thermometry for modal temperature control", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Yu-Kun", "orcid": "0000-0003-4840-0487", "clpid": "Lu-Yu-Kun" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Stimulated Brillouin scattering provides optical gain for efficient and narrow-linewidth lasers in high-Q microresonator systems. However, the thermal dependence of the Brillouin process as well as the microresonator frequencies impose strict temperature control requirements for long term frequency-stable operation. Here, we study Brillouin backaction and use it to both measure and phase-sensitively lock modal temperature to a reference temperature defined by the Brillouin phase matching condition. At a specific lasing wavelength, the reference temperature can be precisely set by adjusting the resonator's free spectral range. This backaction control method is demonstrated in a chip-based Brillouin laser, but can be applied in all Brillouin laser platforms. It offers a new approach for frequency-stable operation of Brillouin lasers in atomic clock, frequency metrology, and gyroscope applications.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.459082", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2022-07-20", "series_number": "7", "volume": "9", "issue": "7", "pages": "701-705" }, { "id": "authors:ryc1m-5ey11", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ryc1m-5ey11", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220722-768617000", "type": "article", "title": "Correlated self-heterodyne method for ultra-low-noise laser linewidth measurements", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Peng", "orcid": "0000-0002-8188-632X", "clpid": "Liu-Peng-Chemistry" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Bohan", "clpid": "Li-Bohan" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "orcid": "0000-0002-7791-0008", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Narrow-linewidth lasers are important to many applications spanning precision metrology to sensing systems. Characterization of these lasers requires precise measurements of their frequency noise spectra. Here we demonstrate a correlated self-heterodyne (COSH) method capable of measuring frequency noise as low as 0.01 Hz\u00b2/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. The measurement setup is characterized by both commercial and lab-built lasers, and features low optical power requirements, fast acquisition time and high intensity noise rejection.", "doi": "10.1364/oe.458109", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2022-07-04", "series_number": "14", "volume": "30", "issue": "14", "pages": "25147-25161" }, { "id": "authors:g63x7-wmz50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "g63x7-wmz50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211130-215754289", "type": "article", "title": "Probing material absorption and optical nonlinearity of integrated photonic materials", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "orcid": "0000-0002-7791-0008", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Junqiu", "orcid": "0000-0003-2405-6028", "clpid": "Liu-Junqiu" }, { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Guanhao", "clpid": "Huang-Guanhao" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Weiqiang", "clpid": "Xie-Weiqiang" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Su-Peng", "orcid": "0000-0003-1348-7447", "clpid": "Yu-Su-Peng" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8290-7076", "clpid": "Papp-Scott-B" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-Tobias-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical microresonators with high quality (Q) factors are essential to a wide range of integrated photonic devices. Steady efforts have been directed towards increasing microresonator Q factors across a variety of platforms. With success in reducing microfabrication process-related optical loss as a limitation of Q, the ultimate attainable Q, as determined solely by the constituent microresonator material absorption, has come into focus. Here, we report measurements of the material-limited Q factors in several photonic material platforms. High-Q microresonators are fabricated from thin films of SiO\u2082, Si\u2083N\u2084, Al_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)As, and Ta\u2082O\u2085. By using cavity-enhanced photothermal spectroscopy, the material-limited Q is determined. The method simultaneously measures the Kerr nonlinearity in each material and reveals how material nonlinearity and ultimate Q vary in a complementary fashion across photonic materials. Besides guiding microresonator design and material development in four material platforms, the results help establish performance limits in future photonic integrated systems.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-022-30966-5", "pmcid": "PMC9184588", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2022-06-09", "volume": "13", "pages": "Art. No. 3323" }, { "id": "authors:cghwx-cyw16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cghwx-cyw16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220323-704374000", "type": "book_section", "title": "A chip-based Brillouin gyroscope", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A chip-based Brillouin gyroscope was recorded at SPIE Photonics West held in San Francisco, California, United States 2022.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2617238", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers", "publication_date": "2022-03-09" }, { "id": "authors:2k024-tft08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2k024-tft08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220420-706340200", "type": "article", "title": "Efficiency of pulse pumped soliton microcombs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "orcid": "0000-0002-9991-6398", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Leifer", "given_name": "Stephanie", "orcid": "0000-0002-8980-7825", "clpid": "Leifer-Stephanie-D" }, { "family_name": "Beichman", "given_name": "Charles", "orcid": "0000-0002-5627-5471", "clpid": "Beichman-Charles-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Temporal soliton mode locking in coherently pumped microcavities is a promising route towards miniaturized frequency comb systems. However, the power efficiency of the resulting microcombs is usually quite low. Soliton generation by pulse pumping provides a way to increase conversion efficiency (so far, as high as 8%). Here, we study conversion efficiency and report a single-soliton conversion efficiency as high as 54% using a scanning laser, as well as a steady-state single-soliton conversion efficiency as high as 34%. We use the Lagrangian approach to develop analytical expressions for efficiency and soliton temporal placement within the pumping pulse, and our measurements reveal features in the tuning dependence of soliton power and efficiency not seen in continuous pumping. Our experimentally confirmed expressions for efficiency will be useful in understanding advantages and limitations of pulse pumped systems.", "doi": "10.1364/optica.443060", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2022-02-20", "series_number": "2", "volume": "9", "issue": "2", "pages": "231-239" }, { "id": "authors:q3qq1-4rh51", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "q3qq1-4rh51", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211220-235947098", "type": "monograph", "title": "Extending the spectrum of fully integrated photonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Tran", "given_name": "Minh A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2195-6381", "clpid": "Tran-Minh-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Chong", "orcid": "0000-0001-8536-7634", "clpid": "Zhang-Chong" }, { "family_name": "Morin", "given_name": "Theodore J.", "clpid": "Morin-Theodore-J" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Barik", "given_name": "Sabyasachi", "clpid": "Barik-Sabyasachi" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Woonghee", "clpid": "Lee-Woonghee" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Glenn", "clpid": "Kim-Glenn" }, { "family_name": "Malik", "given_name": "Aditya", "clpid": "Malik-Aditya" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Zeyu", "clpid": "Zhang-Zeyu" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170", "clpid": "Guo-Joel" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Komljenovic", "given_name": "Tin", "clpid": "Komljenovic-Tin" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Hyundai", "clpid": "Park-Hyundai" } ], "abstract": "Integrated photonics has profoundly impacted a wide range of technologies underpinning modern society. The ability to fabricate a complete optical system on a chip offers unrivalled scalability, weight, cost and power efficiency. Over the last decade, the progression from pure III-V materials platforms to silicon photonics has significantly broadened the scope of integrated photonics by combining integrated lasers with the high-volume, advanced fabrication capabilities of the commercial electronics industry. Yet, despite remarkable manufacturing advantages, reliance on silicon-based waveguides currently limits the spectral window available to photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Here, we present a new generation of integrated photonics by directly uniting III-V materials with silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides on Si wafers. Using this technology, we present the first fully integrated PICs at wavelengths shorter than silicon's bandgap, demonstrating essential photonic building blocks including lasers, photodetectors, modulators and passives, all operating at sub-um wavelengths. Using this platform, we achieve unprecedented coherence and tunability in an integrated laser at short wavelength. Furthermore, by making use of this higher photon energy, we demonstrate superb high temperature performance and, for the first time, kHz-level fundamental linewidths at elevated temperatures. Given the many potential applications at short wavelengths, the success of this integration strategy unlocks a broad range of new integrated photonics applications.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.2112.02923", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2021-12-06" }, { "id": "authors:07t30-fqn44", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "07t30-fqn44", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211122-183123403", "type": "article", "title": "High-performance lasers for fully integrated silicon nitride photonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346", "clpid": "Xiang-Chao" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170", "clpid": "Guo-Joel" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Peters", "given_name": "Jonathan", "clpid": "Peters-Jonathan" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Weiqiang", "clpid": "Xie-Weiqiang" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0001-5311-3349", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Kinghorn", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Kinghorn-David" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Morton", "given_name": "Paul A.", "clpid": "Morton-Paul-A" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" } ], "abstract": "Silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides with ultra-low optical loss enable integrated photonic applications including low noise, narrow linewidth lasers, chip-scale nonlinear photonics, and microwave photonics. Lasers are key components to SiN photonic integrated circuits (PICs), but are difficult to fully integrate with low-index SiN waveguides due to their large mismatch with the high-index III-V gain materials. The recent demonstration of multilayer heterogeneous integration provides a practical solution and enabled the first-generation of lasers fully integrated with SiN waveguides. However, a laser with high device yield and high output power at telecommunication wavelengths, where photonics applications are clustered, is still missing, hindered by large mode transition loss, non-optimized cavity design, and a complicated fabrication process. Here, we report high-performance lasers on SiN with tens of milliwatts output power through the SiN waveguide and sub-kHz fundamental linewidth, addressing all the aforementioned issues. We also show Hertz-level fundamental linewidth lasers are achievable with the developed integration techniques. These lasers, together with high-Q SiN resonators, mark a milestone towards a fully integrated low-noise silicon nitride photonics platform. This laser should find potential applications in LIDAR, microwave photonics and coherent optical communications.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-021-26804-9", "pmcid": "PMC8599668", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2021-11-17", "volume": "12", "pages": "Art. No. 6650" }, { "id": "authors:3wjpr-3j196", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3wjpr-3j196", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211115-171501194", "type": "article", "title": "Architecture for microcomb-based GHz-mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) offers high sensitivity and wide spectral coverage without the need for bulky spectrometers or mechanical moving parts. And DCS in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) is of keen interest because of inherently strong molecular spectroscopic signatures in these bands. We report GHz-resolution mid-IR DCS of methane and ethane that is derived from counter-propagating (CP) soliton microcombs in combination with interleaved difference frequency generation. Because all four combs required to generate the two mid-IR combs rely upon stability derived from a single high-Q microcavity, the system architecture is both simplified and does not require external frequency locking. Methane and ethane spectra are measured over intervals as short as 0.5 ms, a time scale that can be further reduced using a different CP soliton arrangement. Also, tuning of spectral resolution on demand is demonstrated. Although at an early phase of development, the results are a step towards mid-IR gas sensors with chip-based architectures for chemical threat detection, breath analysis, combustion studies, and outdoor observation of trace gases.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-021-26958-6", "pmcid": "PMC8589843", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2021-11-12", "volume": "12", "pages": "Art. No. 6573" }, { "id": "authors:gw2q0-m5b04", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gw2q0-m5b04", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211105-175602817", "type": "article", "title": "Reaching fiber-laser coherence in integrated photonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Bohan", "clpid": "Li-Bohan" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" } ], "abstract": "We self-injection-lock a diode laser to a 1.41 m long, ultra-high Q integrated resonator. The hybrid integrated laser reaches a frequency noise floor of 0.006Hz\u00b2/Hz at 4 MHz offset, corresponding to a Lorentzian linewidth below 40 mHz\u2014a record among semiconductor lasers. It also exhibits exceptional stability at low-offset frequencies, with frequency noise of 200Hz\u00b2/Hz at 100 Hz offset. Such performance, realized in a system comprised entirely of integrated photonic chips, marks a milestone in the development of integrated photonics; and, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, exceeds the frequency noise performance of commercially available, high-performance fiber lasers.", "doi": "10.1364/ol.439720", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2021-10-15", "series_number": "20", "volume": "46", "issue": "20", "pages": "5201-5204" }, { "id": "authors:ss8pp-4pb84", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ss8pp-4pb84", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211109-212915377", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-narrow linewidth lasers and microcombs based on self-injection locking in integrated photonics (Invited)", "book_title": "2021 IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-Tobias-J" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Junqiu", "clpid": "Liu-Junqiu" } ], "abstract": "Recent developments of self-injection locking of a DFB laser with an ultra-high Q resonator have enabled unprecedented low-noise performance of coherent light sources. We review the demonstration of ultra-narrow linewidth laser and microcombs in integrated photonics based on this approach.", "doi": "10.1109/rapid51799.2021.9521442", "isbn": "978-1-6654-2223-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2021-08", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:t9ap3-hsx82", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t9ap3-hsx82", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210416-085952682", "type": "article", "title": "High Spectral Efficiency Coherent Superchannel Transmission With Soliton Microcombs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Mazur", "given_name": "Mikael", "orcid": "0000-0002-2915-9942", "clpid": "Mazur-Mikael" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "F\u00fcl\u00f6p", "given_name": "Attila", "clpid": "F\u00fcl\u00f6p-Attila" }, { "family_name": "Schr\u00f6der", "given_name": "Jochen", "orcid": "0000-0002-1016-8152", "clpid": "Schr\u00f6der-Jochen" }, { "family_name": "Torres-Company", "given_name": "Victor", "orcid": "0000-0002-3504-2118", "clpid": "Torres-Company-Victor" }, { "family_name": "Karlsson", "given_name": "Magnus", "orcid": "0000-0002-2011-0851", "clpid": "Karlsson-Magnus" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Andrekson", "given_name": "Peter A.", "clpid": "Andrekson-Peter-A" } ], "abstract": "Spectral efficiency (SE) is one of the key metrics for optical communication networks. An important building block for its maximization are optical superchannels, channels that are composed of several subchannels with an aggregate bandwidth larger than the bandwidth of the detector electronics. Superchannels which are routed through the network as a single entity, together with flex-grid routing, allow to more efficiently utilize available bandwidth and eliminate the guard-bands between channels, thus increasing spectral efficiency. In contrast to traditional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) channels, subchannel spacing and thus superchannel SE is governed by the linewidth and stability of the frequency spacing of the transmitter lasers. Integrated optical frequency combs, particulary the parametrically generated so-called microcombs, which provide optical lines on a fixed frequency grid are a promising solution for low power superchannel laser sources that allow to minimize the SE loss from suboptimal channel spacing. However, it is extremely challenging to realize microcombs with sufficient line power, coherence and line spacing that is compatible with electronic bandwidths. Because the line-spacing generated by most devices is above 40 GHz, demonstrations often rely on additional electro-optic frequency shifter or divider stages to avoid digital-to-analog-converter (DAC) performance degradation when operating at high symbol rates. Here we demonstrate a 52-line superchannel from a single 22 GHz line spacing soliton microcomb. We demonstrate 12 Tb/s throughput with >10 bits/s/Hz SE efficiency after 80 km transmission and 8 Tb/s throughput (SE >6 bits/s/Hz) after 2100 km, proving the feasibility and benefits of generating high signal quality, broadband waveforms directly from the output of a micro-scale device with a symbol rate close to the comb repetition rate.", "doi": "10.1109/jlt.2021.3073567", "issn": "0733-8724", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication": "Journal of Lightwave Technology", "publication_date": "2021-07-01", "series_number": "13", "volume": "39", "issue": "13", "pages": "4367-4373" }, { "id": "authors:gkpxk-hha09", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gkpxk-hha09", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211105-143326647", "type": "book_section", "title": "Microresonator Brillouin Laser Gyroscope with Earth-Rotation-Rate Sensitivity", "book_title": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2021", "author": [ { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Dong", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Dong-P" }, { "family_name": "Kani", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Kani-J" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Xie-C" }, { "family_name": "Casellas", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Casellas-R" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Cole-C" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Li-M" } ], "abstract": "Optical gyroscopes are widely used for precision navigation and there has been growing interest in the possibility of integrated optical gyroscopes. In this talk, we report a chip-based Brillouin laser gyroscope with Earth-rotation-rate sensitivity.", "doi": "10.1364/ofc.2021.f2e.1", "isbn": "978-1-943580-86-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-06", "pages": "Art. No. F2E.1" }, { "id": "authors:k57m3-z0d57", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "k57m3-z0d57", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-132231400", "type": "book_section", "title": "Mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy with GHz resolution using soliton microcombs", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Microcomb based dual-comb spectroscopy of methane in the mid-infrared is demonstrated with GHz resolution. This fine resolution is enabled by generating spectrally densified mid-infrared combs via interleaved difference-frequency-generation.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2021.sm3a.6", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. SM3A.6" }, { "id": "authors:zzccc-qxm37", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zzccc-qxm37", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-655192900", "type": "book_section", "title": "Octave-spanning lithium niobate soliton microcombs", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Yang", "clpid": "He-Yang" }, { "family_name": "Lopez-Rios", "given_name": "Raymond", "clpid": "Lopez-Rios-Raymond" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qifan", "clpid": "Yang-Qifan" }, { "family_name": "Ling", "given_name": "Jingwei", "clpid": "Ling-Jingwei" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Mingxiao", "clpid": "Li-Mingxiao" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" } ], "abstract": "We report lithium niobate soliton microcombs with spectral bandwidths exceeding one octave and spanning 125 THz to 268 THz.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2021.stu2g.1", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. STu2G.1" }, { "id": "authors:jftz9-znm50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jftz9-znm50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-694430000", "type": "book_section", "title": "The Linewidth Enhancement Factor in a Microcavity Brillouin Laser", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "We", "given_name": "Lue", "clpid": "We-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Amplitude-phase coupling can enhance the linewidth of regenerative oscillators and lasers. Here, in Brillouin lasers, the coupling is shown to originate from phase mismatch. Linewidth enhancements as large as 50\u00d7 are measured.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fm4h.5", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. FM4H.5" }, { "id": "authors:2x213-0sd54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2x213-0sd54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-159319400", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dirac Solitons in Optical Microresonators", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Yu-Kun", "orcid": "0000-0003-4840-0487", "clpid": "Lu-Yu-Kun" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate optical Dirac solitons in microresonators by polarization mode coupling. The solitons show unusual properties such as polarization twisting and asymmetrical spectra, and they provide a road-map for visible-band soliton generation in microresonators.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.ftu4e.1", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. FTu4E.1" }, { "id": "authors:zdhra-49j30", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zdhra-49j30", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220107-239109300", "type": "book_section", "title": "Probing the Material Loss and Optical Nonlinearity of Integrated Photonic Materials", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Junqiu", "clpid": "Liu-Junqiu" }, { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Guanhao", "clpid": "Huang-Guanhao" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Weiqiang", "clpid": "Xie-Weiqiang" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Su-Peng", "orcid": "0000-0003-1348-7447", "clpid": "Yu-Su-Peng" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott", "orcid": "0000-0001-8290-7076", "clpid": "Papp-Scott-B" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-Tobias-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical absorption and nonlinear index are important performance drivers in devices like microcombs and parametric oscillators. Here we use resonance-enhanced nonlinear spectroscopy to characterize absorption limits and nonlinear index for some integrated photonic materials.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2021.sth2h.7", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. STh2H.7" }, { "id": "authors:3rsp5-3p873", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3rsp5-3p873", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-163725681", "type": "book_section", "title": "A Chip-Based Brillouin Laser Gyroscope with Earth-rotaton-rate Sensitivity", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" } ], "abstract": "The physical principles of a chip-based Brillouin laser gyroscope are reviewed. The device can resolve sinusoidal rotations with amplitude as low as 5 degrees/hour and is also used to detect the Earth's rotation.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_AT.2021.JTu1I.2", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. JTu1I.2" }, { "id": "authors:x7cgw-x7750", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x7cgw-x7750", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-733749900", "type": "book_section", "title": "Formation Dynamics and Snapshots of Self-injection-locking Dark Solitons", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Leal", "given_name": "Mark A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6779-3741", "clpid": "Leal-Mark-A" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We propose a model for understanding dark solitons formation dynamics in self-injection-locking laser-resonator systems using dynamical instabilities and domain walls. Snapshots of solitons are captured with dual-comb imaging techniques and validate the model.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fw2l.4", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. FW2L.4" }, { "id": "authors:w8m67-h1x11", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "w8m67-h1x11", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-104652400", "type": "book_section", "title": "Hertz-level-linewidth semiconductor laser via injection locking to an ultra-high Q silicon nitride microresonator", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Leal", "given_name": "Mark A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6779-3741", "clpid": "Leal-Mark-A" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" } ], "abstract": "A conventional semiconductor DFB laser is self-injection-locked to a CMOS-foundry- fabricated ultra-high Q silicon nitride microresonator, suppressing high-offset frequency noise to 0.2 Hz\u00b2 Hz\u207b\u00b9 and yielding instantaneous linewidth of 1.2 Hz.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2021.sm1a.2", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. SM1A.2" }, { "id": "authors:9zws7-xw803", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9zws7-xw803", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201030-103315985", "type": "book_section", "title": "Towards milli-Hertz laser frequency noise on a chip", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A fundamental frequency noise of 9 mHz\u00b7Hz/Hz is demonstrated in an on-chip Brillouin laser. The noise measurement uses the frequency discrimination method enhanced by cross-correlator. The results set new performance targets for chip-based laser platforms.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2021.SF2O.2", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. SF2O.2" }, { "id": "authors:735pr-vyv29", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "735pr-vyv29", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201030-122744708", "type": "article", "title": "Hertz-linewidth semiconductor lasers using CMOS-ready ultra-high-Q microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Leal", "given_name": "Mark A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6779-3741", "clpid": "Leal-Mark-A" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" } ], "abstract": "Driven by narrow-linewidth bench-top lasers, coherent optical systems spanning optical communications, metrology and sensing provide unrivalled performance. To transfer these capabilities from the laboratory to the real world, a key missing ingredient is a mass-produced integrated laser with superior coherence. Here, we bridge conventional semiconductor lasers and coherent optical systems using CMOS-foundry-fabricated microresonators with a high Q factor of over 260 million and finesse over 42,000. A five-orders-of-magnitude noise reduction in the pump laser is demonstrated, enabling a frequency noise of 0.2\u2009Hz\u00b2\u2009Hz\u207b\u00b9 to be achieved in an electrically pumped integrated laser, with a corresponding short-term linewidth of 1.2\u2009Hz. Moreover, the same configuration is shown to relieve the dispersion requirements for microcomb generation that have handicapped certain nonlinear platforms. The simultaneous realization of this high Q factor, highly coherent lasers and frequency combs using foundry-based technologies paves the way for volume manufacturing of a wide range of coherent optical systems.", "doi": "10.1038/s41566-021-00761-7", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2021-05", "series_number": "5", "volume": "15", "issue": "5", "pages": "346-353" }, { "id": "authors:9p6q0-1bx26", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9p6q0-1bx26", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200601-095501587", "type": "article", "title": "Quantum diffusion of microcavity solitons", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "\u015eafak", "given_name": "Kemal", "clpid": "\u015eafak-Kemal" }, { "family_name": "Dai", "given_name": "Anan", "clpid": "Dai-Anan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Matsko", "given_name": "Andrey B.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9939-9311", "clpid": "Matsko-Andrey-B" }, { "family_name": "K\u00e4rtner", "given_name": "Franz X.", "clpid": "K\u00e4rtner-Franz-X" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Coherently pumped (Kerr) solitons in an ideal optical microcavity are expected to undergo random quantum motion that determines fundamental performance limits in applications of the soliton microcombs. Here this random walk and its impact on Kerr soliton timing jitter are studied experimentally. The quantum limit is discerned by measuring the relative position of counter-propagating solitons. Their relative motion features weak interactions and also presents common-mode suppression of technical noise, which typically hides the quantum fluctuations. This is in contrast to co-propagating solitons, which are found to have relative timing jitter well below the quantum limit of a single soliton on account of strong correlation of their mutual motion. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment. The results establish the fundamental limits to timing jitter in soliton microcombs and provide new insights on multisoliton physics.", "doi": "10.1038/s41567-020-01152-5", "issn": "1745-2473", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Physics", "publication_date": "2021-04", "series_number": "4", "volume": "17", "issue": "4", "pages": "462-466" }, { "id": "authors:wgg11-qxx54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wgg11-qxx54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210323-124017344", "type": "monograph", "title": "Self-regulating soliton domain walls in microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-7982", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Leal", "given_name": "Mark A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6779-3741", "clpid": "Leal-Mark-A" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi", "clpid": "Feshali-Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Paniccia-Mario" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Dissipative soliton Kerr frequency combs in microresonators have recently been demonstrated with self-injection locking. They have the advantage of turnkey deterministic comb generation, and also simplify dark soliton generation in the normal dispersion regime. Here, the formation process of dark solitons triggered by self-injection locking is studied by regarding them as a pair of domain walls that connect domains having different intracavity powers. The self-injection locking mechanism allows the domain walls to self-regulate position so that a wide range of dark soliton states can be accessed. Moreover, soliton duty cycle is readily controlled by the feedback phase. Direct imaging of the dark soliton pulse shape using the electro-optic sampling technique is used to verify the theory. The results provide new physical insights as well as a new operational modality for this important class of nonlinear waves.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.2103.10422", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2021-03-18" }, { "id": "authors:v8hpc-ncn08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "v8hpc-ncn08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210304-153236998", "type": "article", "title": "Dispersive-wave induced noise limits in miniature soliton microwave sources", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "orcid": "0000-0002-6336-8350", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Compact, low-noise microwave sources are required throughout a wide range of application areas including frequency metrology, wireless-communications and airborne radar systems. And the photonic generation of microwaves using soliton microcombs offers a path towards integrated, low noise microwave signal sources. In these devices, a so called quiet-point of operation has been shown to reduce microwave frequency noise. Such operation decouples pump frequency noise from the soliton's motion by balancing the Raman self-frequency shift with dispersive-wave recoil. Here, we explore the limit of this noise suppression approach and reveal a fundamental noise mechanism associated with fluctuations of the dispersive wave frequency. At the same time, pump noise reduction by as much as 36 dB is demonstrated. This fundamental noise mechanism is expected to impact microwave noise (and pulse timing jitter) whenever solitons radiate into dispersive waves belonging to different spatial mode families.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-021-21658-7", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2021-03-04", "volume": "12", "pages": "Art. No. 1442" }, { "id": "authors:g85f2-4tz54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "g85f2-4tz54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200420-125418330", "type": "article", "title": "Oscillatory motion of a counterpropagating Kerr soliton dimer", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Safak", "given_name": "Kemal", "clpid": "Safak-Kemal" }, { "family_name": "Dai", "given_name": "Anan", "clpid": "Dai-Anan" }, { "family_name": "Matsko", "given_name": "Andrey B.", "clpid": "Matsko-Andrey-B" }, { "family_name": "K\u00e4rtner", "given_name": "Franz X.", "clpid": "K\u00e4rtner-Franz-X" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Counterpropagating (CP) solitons generated in high-Q microcavities not only offer useful dual-comb sources, but also provide a new platform to study soliton interactions. Here, we demonstrate and theoretically explain a manifestation of soliton trapping that occurs between CP solitons in a silica microcavity introducing a Kerr soliton dimer. In conventional soliton trapping, the group velocities of two solitons can be synchronized by a Kerr-effect-mediated interaction. The solitons can then copropagate with a fixed temporal delay. However, as shown here, when counterpumping a microcavity using slightly detuned pump frequencies and in the presence of backscattering, the group velocities of clockwise and counterclockwise solitons undergo periodic modulation instead of being locked to a constant velocity. Upon emission from the microcavity, the solitons feature a relative oscillatory motion around a locked average relative displacement with an amplitude that can be larger than the soliton pulse width. This relative motion introduces a sideband fine structure into the optical spectrum of the CP solitons. Our observation provides insights on coherently pumped soliton dimers in microcavities.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.2003.00573", "issn": "2469-9926", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2021-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "103", "issue": "1", "pages": "Art. No. L011501" }, { "id": "authors:nnweq-bz641", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nnweq-bz641", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201224-085807891", "type": "article", "title": "Dirac solitons in optical microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Yu-Kun", "orcid": "0000-0003-4840-0487", "clpid": "Lu-Yu-Kun" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Mode-coupling-induced dispersion has been used to engineer microresonators for soliton generation at the edge of the visible band. Here, we show that the optical soliton formed in this way is analogous to optical Bragg solitons and, more generally, to the Dirac soliton in quantum field theory. This optical Dirac soliton is studied theoretically, and a closed-form solution is derived in the corresponding conservative system. Both analytical and numerical solutions show unusual properties, such as polarization twisting and asymmetrical optical spectra. The closed-form solution is also used to study the repetition rate shift in the soliton. An observation of the asymmetrical spectrum is analysed using theory. The properties of Dirac optical solitons in microresonators are important at a fundamental level and provide a road map for soliton microcomb generation in the visible band.", "doi": "10.1038/s41377-020-00438-w", "pmcid": "PMC7758338", "issn": "2047-7538", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Light: Science & Applications", "publication_date": "2020-12-23", "volume": "9", "pages": "Art. No. 205" }, { "id": "authors:1vrz5-wae21", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1vrz5-wae21", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201022-112713346", "type": "article", "title": "Linewidth enhancement factor in a microcavity Brillouin laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The linewidth of regenerative oscillators is enhanced by amplitude\u2013phase coupling of the oscillator field [Phys. Rev. 160, 290 (1967)]. In laser oscillators, this effect is well known for its impact on semiconductor laser performance. Here, this coupling is studied in Brillouin lasers. Because their gain is parametric, the coupling and linewidth enhancement are shown to originate from phase mismatch. The theory is confirmed by measurement of linewidth in a microcavity Brillouin laser, and enhancements as large as 50\u00d7 are measured. The results show that pump wavelength and device temperature should be carefully selected and controlled to minimize linewidth. More generally, this work provides a new perspective on the linewidth enhancement effect.", "doi": "10.1364/optica.394311", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2020-09-20", "series_number": "9", "volume": "7", "issue": "9", "pages": "1150-1153" }, { "id": "authors:fxd6d-pq673", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "fxd6d-pq673", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201029-153228861", "type": "article", "title": "Greater than one billion Q factor for on-chip microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qifan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "High optical quality (Q) factors are critically important in optical microcavities, where performance in applications spanning nonlinear optics to cavity quantum electrodynamics is determined. Here, a record Q factor of over 1.1 billion is demonstrated for on-chip optical resonators. Using silica whispering-gallery resonators on silicon, Q-factor data is measured over wavelengths spanning the C/L bands (100 nm) and for a range of resonator sizes and mode families. A record low sub-milliwatt parametric oscillation threshold is also measured in 9 GHz free-spectral-range devices. The results show the potential for thermal silica on silicon as a resonator material.", "doi": "10.1364/ol.394940", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2020-09-15", "series_number": "18", "volume": "45", "issue": "18", "pages": "5129-5131" }, { "id": "authors:dacn3-kq703", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dacn3-kq703", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200720-085036762", "type": "article", "title": "Optical frequency combs: Coherently uniting the electromagnetic spectrum", "author": [ { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Udem", "given_name": "Thomas", "clpid": "Udem-T" } ], "abstract": "Optical clocks, based on optical transitions of atoms, operate at much higher frequency than the microwave atomic clocks currently used as our timing standards. They have been shown to exhibit better stability and are poised to redefine the second. The development of stable, self-referenced optical frequency combs that span the microwave to optical wavelengths has been key to these efforts. Diddams et al. reviewed developments and refinements of these optical combs over the past 20 years and provide an overview of where they are finding application, from precision timing to high-resolution spectroscopy and imaging, ranging, and navigation.", "doi": "10.1126/science.aay3676", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2020-07-17", "series_number": "6501", "volume": "369", "issue": "6501", "pages": "Art. No. eaay3676" }, { "id": "authors:x20af-btp53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x20af-btp53", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200817-122112681", "type": "publication_whitepaper", "title": "EarthFinder Probe Mission Concept Study: Characterizing nearby stellar exoplanet systems with Earth-mass analogs for future direct imaging", "author": [ { "family_name": "Plavchan", "given_name": "Peter", "orcid": "0000-0002-8864-1667", "clpid": "Plavchan-P" }, { "family_name": "Vasisht", "given_name": "Gautam", "orcid": "0000-0002-1871-6264" }, { "family_name": "Beichman", "given_name": "Chas", "orcid": "0000-0002-5627-5471", "clpid": "Beichman-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Cegla", "given_name": "Heather" }, { "family_name": "Dumusque", "given_name": "Xavier", "orcid": "0000-0002-9332-2011" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Sharon", "orcid": "0000-0002-6937-9034" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Peter", "orcid": "0000-0002-8518-9601" }, { "family_name": "Dressing", "given_name": "Courtney", "orcid": "0000-0001-8189-0233" }, { "family_name": "Bastien", "given_name": "Fabienne", "orcid": "0000-0002-7243-1921" }, { "family_name": "Basu", "given_name": "Sarbani", "orcid": "0000-0002-6163-3472" }, { "family_name": "Beatty", "given_name": "Thomas", "orcid": "0000-0002-9539-4203" }, { "family_name": "Bechter", "given_name": "Andrew" }, { "family_name": "Bechter", "given_name": "Eric", "orcid": "0000-0001-8725-8730" }, { "family_name": "Blake", "given_name": "Cullen", "orcid": "0000-0002-6096-1749" }, { "family_name": "Bourrier", "given_name": "Vincent", "orcid": "0000-0002-9148-034X" }, { "family_name": "Cale", "given_name": "Bryson", "orcid": "0000-0001-6279-0595" }, { "family_name": "Ciardi", "given_name": "David", "orcid": "0000-0002-5741-3047", "clpid": "Ciardi-D-R" }, { "family_name": "Crass", "given_name": "Jonathan" }, { "family_name": "Crepp", "given_name": "Justin", "orcid": "0000-0003-0800-0593" }, { "family_name": "de Kleer", "given_name": "Katherine", "orcid": "0000-0002-9068-3428", "clpid": "de-Kleer-K-R" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764" }, { "family_name": "Eastman", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-3773-5142" }, { "family_name": "Fischer", "given_name": "Debra", "orcid": "0000-0003-2221-0861" }, { "family_name": "Gagn\u00e9", "given_name": "Jonathan", "orcid": "0000-0002-2592-9612" }, { "family_name": "Gaudi", "given_name": "Scott" }, { "family_name": "Grier", "given_name": "Catherine", "orcid": "0000-0001-9920-6057" }, { "family_name": "Hall", "given_name": "Richard" }, { "family_name": "Halverson", "given_name": "Sam", "orcid": "0000-0003-1312-9391" }, { "family_name": "Hamze", "given_name": "Bahaa" }, { "family_name": "Herrero Casas", "given_name": "Enrique" }, { "family_name": "Howard", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-8638-0320", "clpid": "Howard-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Kempton", "given_name": "Eliza", "orcid": "0000-0002-1337-9051" }, { "family_name": "Latouf", "given_name": "Natasha" }, { "family_name": "Leifer", "given_name": "Stephanie", "orcid": "0000-0002-8980-7825" }, { "family_name": "Lightsey", "given_name": "Paul" }, { "family_name": "Lisse", "given_name": "Casey" }, { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Emily C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0618-5128" }, { "family_name": "Matzko", "given_name": "William" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Mayo", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0002-7216-2135" }, { "family_name": "Newman", "given_name": "Patrick" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott", "orcid": "0000-0001-8290-7076" }, { "family_name": "Pope", "given_name": "Benjamin" }, { "family_name": "Purcell", "given_name": "Bill" }, { "family_name": "Quinn", "given_name": "Sam", "orcid": "0000-0002-8964-8377" }, { "family_name": "Ribas", "given_name": "Ignasi" }, { "family_name": "Rosich", "given_name": "Albert" }, { "family_name": "Sanchez-Maes", "given_name": "Sophia" }, { "family_name": "Tanner", "given_name": "Angelle", "orcid": "0000-0002-0786-7307" }, { "family_name": "Thompson", "given_name": "Samantha" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Ji", "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885", "clpid": "Wang-Ji" }, { "family_name": "Williams", "given_name": "Peter" }, { "family_name": "Wise", "given_name": "Alex" }, { "family_name": "Wright", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0001-6160-5888" } ], "abstract": "EarthFinder is a NASA Astrophysics Probe mission concept selected for study as input to the 2020 Astrophysics National Academies Decadal Survey. The EarthFinder concept is based on a dramatic shift in our understanding of how PRV measurements should be made. We propose a new paradigm which brings the high precision, high cadence domain of transit photometry as demonstrated by Kepler and TESS to the challenges of PRV measurements at the cm/s level. This new paradigm takes advantage of: 1) broad wavelength coverage from the UV to NIR which is only possible from space to minimize the effects of stellar activity; 2) extremely compact, highly stable, highly efficient spectrometers (R>150,000) which require the diffraction-limited imaging possible only from space over a broad wavelength range; 3) the revolution in laser-based wavelength standards to ensure cm/s precision over many years; 4) a high cadence observing program which minimizes sampling-induced period aliases; 5) exploiting the absolute flux stability from space for continuum normalization for unprecedented line-by-line analysis not possible from the ground; and 6) focusing on the bright stars which will be the targets of future imaging missions so that EarthFinder can use a ~1.5 m telescope.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.2006.13428", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2020-06-24" }, { "id": "authors:9p7q0-6qb64", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9p7q0-6qb64", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191218-125534757", "type": "article", "title": "Integrated turnkey soliton microcombs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Junqiu", "clpid": "Liu-Junqiu" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346", "clpid": "Xiang-Chao" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Rui Ning", "orcid": "0000-0002-2112-9108", "clpid": "Wang-Rui-Ning" }, { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Jijun", "clpid": "He-Jijun" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Tianyi", "clpid": "Liu-Tianyi" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Weiqiang", "clpid": "Xie-Weiqiang" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170", "clpid": "Guo-Joel" }, { "family_name": "Kinghorn", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Kinghorn-D" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" } ], "abstract": "Optical frequency combs have a wide range of applications in science and technology. An important development for miniature and integrated comb systems is the formation of dissipative Kerr solitons in coherently pumped high-quality-factor optical microresonators. Such soliton microcombs have been applied to spectroscopy, the search for exoplanets, optical frequency synthesis, time keeping and other areas. In addition, the recent integration of microresonators with lasers has revealed the viability of fully chip-based soliton microcombs. However, the operation of microcombs requires complex startup and feedback protocols that necessitate difficult-to-integrate optical and electrical components, and microcombs operating at rates that are compatible with electronic circuits\u2014as is required in nearly all comb systems\u2014have not yet been integrated with pump lasers because of their high power requirements. Here we experimentally demonstrate and theoretically describe a turnkey operation regime for soliton microcombs co-integrated with a pump laser. We show the appearance of an operating point at which solitons are immediately generated by turning the pump laser on, thereby eliminating the need for photonic and electronic control circuitry. These features are combined with high-quality-factor Si\u2083N\u2084 resonators to provide microcombs with repetition frequencies as low as 15 gigahertz that are fully integrated into an industry standard (butterfly) package, thereby offering compelling advantages for high-volume production.", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-020-2358-x", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2020-06-18", "series_number": "7812", "volume": "582", "issue": "7812", "pages": "365-369" }, { "id": "authors:3erjj-wqv53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3erjj-wqv53", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200101-104456130", "type": "article", "title": "Earth rotation measured by a chip-scale ring laser gyroscope", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Yu-Kun", "orcid": "0000-0003-4840-0487", "clpid": "Lu-Yu-Kun" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical gyroscopes are among the most accurate rotation measuring devices and are widely used for navigation and accurate pointing. Since the advent of photonic integrated components for communications, and with their increasing complexity, there has been interest in the possibility of chip-scale optical gyroscopes. Besides the potential benefits of integration, such solid-state systems would be robust and resistant to shock. Here, we report a gyroscope using Brillouin ring lasers on a silicon chip. Its stability and sensitivity enable measurement of Earth's rotation, representing a major milestone for this new class of gyroscope.", "doi": "10.1038/s41566-020-0588-y", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2020-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "14", "issue": "6", "pages": "345-349" }, { "id": "authors:762af-0hz10", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "762af-0hz10", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200928-102723779", "type": "book_section", "title": "Petermann-factor limited sensing near an exceptional point", "book_title": "2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Y.-H.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Z.", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "M.-G.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We show that enhanced responsivity of a laser gyroscope operating near an exceptional point is accompanied by laser linewidth broadening related to the Petermann factor. The broadening imposes a fundamental sensitivity limit.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2020.ftu3a.4", "isbn": "9781943580767", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2020-05", "pages": "Art. No. FTu3A.4" }, { "id": "authors:8hznb-vke19", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8hznb-vke19", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200923-134555986", "type": "book_section", "title": "On-chip Q-factor greater than 1 billion", "book_title": "2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A record Q-factor of 1.1 billion is demonstrated in on-chip silica whispering-gallery resonators. Using the devices, sub-milliwatt parametric oscillation threshold is measured in 9 GHz free-spectral-range devices.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2020.sw3j.7", "isbn": "9781943580767", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2020-05", "pages": "Art. No. SW3J.7" }, { "id": "authors:9waas-jh028", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9waas-jh028", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200923-133250387", "type": "book_section", "title": "Interleaved difference-frequency-generation for mid-infrared microcomb spectral densification", "book_title": "2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Sung", "given_name": "Keeyoon", "clpid": "Sung-Keeyoon" }, { "family_name": "Leifer", "given_name": "Stephanie", "orcid": "0000-0002-8980-7825", "clpid": "Leifer-Stephanie-D" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Generation of mid-infrared combs (3.3 micron band) with GigaHertz line spacing is demonstrated by interleaved difference-frequency-generation. The method, applied to a 22 GHz repetition-rate microcomb, is useful for spectral densification of sparse microcomb spectra.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2020.sw3j.1", "isbn": "9781943580767", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2020-05", "pages": "Art. No. SW3J.1" }, { "id": "authors:5svma-mv737", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5svma-mv737", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200923-124330923", "type": "book_section", "title": "Impact of spatio-temporal thermal decoherence on soliton microcombs in multimode microresonators", "book_title": "2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Maodong", "clpid": "Gao-Maodong" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The phase noise of the soliton repetition rate is experimentally characterized in silica microresonators. In conjunction with dispersive wave quieting of pump technical noise, spatio-temporal fluctuations of distinct transverse modes set a limit to performance.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2020.fth3j.4", "isbn": "9781943580767", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2020-05", "pages": "Art. No. FTh3J.4" }, { "id": "authors:ghp3k-c4338", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ghp3k-c4338", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200923-125545834", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-efficient frequency comb generation in AlGaAs-on-insulator microresonators", "book_title": "2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Weiqiang", "clpid": "Xie-Weiqiang" }, { "family_name": "Shu", "given_name": "Haowen", "clpid": "Shu-Haowen" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Boes", "given_name": "Andreas", "orcid": "0000-0001-8443-3396", "clpid": "Boes-A" }, { "family_name": "Peters", "given_name": "Jon D.", "clpid": "Peters-J-D" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346", "clpid": "Xiang-Chao" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Songtao", "orcid": "0000-0001-9815-3678", "clpid": "Liu-Songtao" }, { "family_name": "Moille", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Moille-G" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Su-Peng", "orcid": "0000-0003-1348-7447", "clpid": "Yu-Su-Peng" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Xingjun", "clpid": "Wang-Xingjun" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "Kartik", "orcid": "0000-0003-2589-3688", "clpid": "Srinivasan-Kartik" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8290-7076", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrated ultra-efficient frequency comb generation in AlGaAs-on-insulator ring resonators that have a quality factor beyond 1.5*10\u2076. The threshold power is as low as 36 \u00b5W.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2020.stu3h.8", "isbn": "9781943580767", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2020-05", "pages": "Art. No. STu3H.8" }, { "id": "authors:2jftm-kmb67", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2jftm-kmb67", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200923-123615790", "type": "book_section", "title": "Integrated turnkey soliton microcombs operated at CMOS frequencies", "book_title": "2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Junqiu", "clpid": "Liu-Junqiu" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346", "clpid": "Xiang-Chao" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Rui Ning", "orcid": "0000-0002-2112-9108", "clpid": "Wang-Rui-Ning" }, { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Jijun", "clpid": "He-Jijun" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Tianyi", "clpid": "Liu-Tianyi" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Weiqiang", "clpid": "Xie-Weiqiang" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170", "clpid": "Guo-Joel" }, { "family_name": "Kinghorn", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Kinghorn-D" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Ji", "given_name": "Qing-Xin", "clpid": "Ji-Qing-Xin" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" } ], "abstract": "We experimentally discovered and theoretically explain a novel turnkey regime for operation of soliton microcombs, wherein a new operating point enables the direct access of the soliton state by simple turn-on of the pump laser.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2020.sf3o.4", "isbn": "9781943580767", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2020-05", "pages": "Art. No. SF3O.4" }, { "id": "authors:rszj5-tt860", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rszj5-tt860", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200514-130155611", "type": "article", "title": "Interleaved difference-frequency generation for microcomb spectral densification in the mid-infrared", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Sung", "given_name": "Keeyoon", "clpid": "Sung-Keeyoon" }, { "family_name": "Leifer", "given_name": "Stephanie", "orcid": "0000-0002-8980-7825", "clpid": "Leifer-Stephanie-D" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "With their compact size and semiconductor-chip-based operation, frequency microcombs can be an invaluable light source for gas spectrcoscopy. However, the generation of mid-infrared (mid-IR) frequency combs with gigahertz line spacing as required to resolve many gas spectra represents a significant challenge for these devices. Here, a technique referred to as interleaved difference-frequency generation (iDFG) is introduced that densifies the spectral line spacing upon conversion of near-IR comb light into the mid-IR light. A soliton microcomb is used as both a comb light source and microwave oscillator in a demonstration, and the spectrum of methane is measured to illustrate how the resulting mid-IR comb avoids spectral undersampling. Beyond demonstration of the iDFG technique, this work represents an important feasibility step towards more compact and potentially chip-based mid-IR gas spectroscopy modules.", "doi": "10.1364/optica.382992", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2020-04-20", "series_number": "4", "volume": "7", "issue": "4", "pages": "309-315" }, { "id": "authors:n0x20-2pr70", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n0x20-2pr70", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200612-125857829", "type": "book_section", "title": "A chip-based Brillouin laser gyroscope", "book_title": "2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Yu-Kun", "orcid": "0000-0003-4840-0487", "clpid": "Lu-Yu-Kun" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Inspired by the success of semiconductor-chip-based MEMs rotation sensors, there has long been interest in the possible realization of chip-based optical gyroscopes. Such devices could potentially be lightweight and rugged, while featuring some of the sensitivity advantages of Sagnac-based sensing devices. However, the performance of integrated-optical gyroscopes has lagged behind MEMS devices on account of difficult-to-achieve requirements for low-optical-loss chip-based waveguides and optical resonators. Here, a chip-based ring laser gyroscope is described. Its sensitivity is high enough to measure the Earth's rotation. The physical principles of its operation and its current performance will be reviewed.", "doi": "10.1109/plans46316.2020.9109858", "isbn": "9781728102443", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2020-04", "pages": "1-8" }, { "id": "authors:84pkn-agg14", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "84pkn-agg14", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191218-102042495", "type": "article", "title": "Petermann-factor sensitivity limit near an exceptional point in a Brillouin ring laser gyroscope", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Exceptional points are singularities of open systems, and among their many remarkable properties, they provide a way to enhance the responsivity of sensors. Here we show that the improved responsivity of a laser gyroscope caused by operation near an exceptional point is precisely compensated by increasing laser noise. The noise, of fundamental origin, is enhanced because the laser mode spectrum loses the oft-assumed property of orthogonality. This occurs as system eigenvectors coalesce near the exceptional point and a bi-orthogonal analysis confirms experimental observations. While the results do not preclude other possible advantages of the exceptional-point-enhanced responsivity, they do show that the fundamental sensitivity limit of the gyroscope is not improved through this form of operation. Besides being important to the physics of microcavities and non-Hermitian photonics, these results help clarify fundamental sensitivity limits in a specific class of exceptional-point sensor.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-15341-6", "pmcid": "PMC7109037", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2020-03-31", "volume": "11", "pages": "Art. No. 1610" }, { "id": "authors:w4rpn-gm294", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "w4rpn-gm294", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200316-150529152", "type": "article", "title": "Ultra-efficient frequency comb generation in AlGaAs-on-insulator microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Lin", "clpid": "Chang-Lin" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Weiqiang", "clpid": "Xie-Weiqiang" }, { "family_name": "Shu", "given_name": "Haowen", "clpid": "Shu-Haowen" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Boes", "given_name": "Andreas", "orcid": "0000-0001-8443-3396", "clpid": "Boes-Andreas" }, { "family_name": "Peters", "given_name": "Jon D.", "clpid": "Peters-Jon-D" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren", "clpid": "Jin-Warren" }, { "family_name": "Xiang", "given_name": "Chao", "orcid": "0000-0002-7081-0346", "clpid": "Xiang-Chao" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Songtao", "orcid": "0000-0001-9815-3678", "clpid": "Liu-Songtao" }, { "family_name": "Moille", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Moille-Gregory" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Su-Peng", "orcid": "0000-0003-1348-7447", "clpid": "Yu-Su-Peng" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Xingjun", "clpid": "Wang-Xingjun" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "Kartik", "orcid": "0000-0003-2589-3688", "clpid": "Srinivasan-Kartik" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8290-7076", "clpid": "Papp-Scott-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-John-E" } ], "abstract": "Recent advances in nonlinear optics have revolutionized integrated photonics, providing on-chip solutions to a wide range of new applications. Currently, state of the art integrated nonlinear photonic devices are mainly based on dielectric material platforms, such as Si\u2083N\u2084 and SiO\u2082. While semiconductor materials feature much higher nonlinear coefficients and convenience in active integration, they have suffered from high waveguide losses that prevent the realization of efficient nonlinear processes on-chip. Here, we challenge this status quo and demonstrate a low loss AlGaAs-on-insulator platform with anomalous dispersion and quality (Q) factors beyond 1.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2076. Such a high quality factor, combined with high nonlinear coefficient and small mode volume, enabled us to demonstrate a Kerr frequency comb threshold of only \u223c36\u2009\u00b5W in a resonator with a 1\u2009THz free spectral range, \u223c100 times lower compared to that in previous semiconductor platforms. Moreover, combs with broad spans (>250\u2009nm) have been generated with a pump power of \u223c300\u2009\u00b5W, which is lower than the threshold power of state-of the-art dielectric micro combs. A soliton-step transition has also been observed for the first time in an AlGaAs resonator.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-15005-5", "pmcid": "PMC7067760", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2020-03-12", "volume": "11", "pages": "Art. No. 1331" }, { "id": "authors:8vxep-qcc93", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8vxep-qcc93", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200313-095458922", "type": "article", "title": "Direct Kerr frequency comb atomic spectroscopy and stabilization", "author": [ { "family_name": "Stern", "given_name": "Liron", "orcid": "0000-0002-4588-110X", "clpid": "Stern-Liron" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "Jordan R.", "clpid": "Stone-Jordan-R" }, { "family_name": "Kang", "given_name": "Songbai", "clpid": "Kang-Songbai" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-Daniel-C" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Fredrick", "given_name": "Connor", "orcid": "0000-0002-0560-1433", "clpid": "Fredrick-Connor" }, { "family_name": "Newman", "given_name": "Zachary", "clpid": "Newman-Zachary-L" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kitching", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0002-4540-1954", "clpid": "Kitching-John" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-Scott-A" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8290-7076", "clpid": "Papp-Scott-B" } ], "abstract": "Microresonator-based soliton frequency combs, microcombs, have recently emerged to offer low-noise, photonic-chip sources for applications, spanning from timekeeping to optical-frequency synthesis and ranging. Broad optical bandwidth, brightness, coherence, and frequency stability have made frequency combs important to directly probe atoms and molecules, especially in trace gas detection, multiphoton light-atom interactions, and spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet. Here, we explore direct microcomb atomic spectroscopy, using a cascaded, two-photon 1529-nm atomic transition in a rubidium micromachined cell. Fine and simultaneous repetition rate and carrier-envelope offset frequency control of the soliton enables direct sub-Doppler and hyperfine spectroscopy. Moreover, the entire set of microcomb modes are stabilized to this atomic transition, yielding absolute optical-frequency fluctuations at the kilohertz level over a few seconds and <1-MHz day-to-day accuracy. Our work demonstrates direct atomic spectroscopy with Kerr microcombs and provides an atomic-stabilized microcomb laser source, operating across the telecom band for sensing, dimensional metrology, and communication.", "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aax6230", "pmcid": "PMC7048413", "issn": "2375-2548", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science Advances", "publication_date": "2020-02-28", "series_number": "9", "volume": "6", "issue": "9", "pages": "Art. No. eaax6230" }, { "id": "authors:s21b2-bth95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "s21b2-bth95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190429-082730110", "type": "article", "title": "Observation of the exceptional-point-enhanced Sagnac effect", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Yu-Kun", "orcid": "0000-0003-4840-0487", "clpid": "Lu-Yu-Kun" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Exceptional points (EPs) are special spectral degeneracies of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that govern the dynamics of open systems. At an EP, two or more eigenvalues, and the corresponding eigenstates, coalesce. Recently, it was predicted that operation of an optical gyroscope near an EP results in improved response to rotations. However, the performance of such a system has not been examined experimentally. Here we introduce a precisely controllable physical system for the study of non-Hermitian physics and nonlinear optics in high-quality-factor microresonators. Because this system dissipatively couples counter-propagating lightwaves within the resonator, it also functions as a sensitive gyroscope for the measurement of rotations. We use our system to investigate the predicted EP-enhanced Sagnac effect and observe a four-fold increase in the Sagnac scale factor by directly measuring rotations applied to the resonator. The level of enhancement can be controlled by adjusting the system bias relative to the EP, and modelling results confirm the observed enhancement. Moreover, we characterize the sensitivity of the gyroscope near the EP. Besides verifying EP physics, this work is important for the understanding of optical gyroscopes.", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-019-1777-z", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2019-12-05", "series_number": "7785", "volume": "576", "issue": "7785", "pages": "65-69" }, { "id": "authors:k1v6f-zpv95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "k1v6f-zpv95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190429-154122187", "type": "article", "title": "A self-starting bi-chromatic LiNbO_3 soliton microcomb", "author": [ { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Yang", "clpid": "He-Yang" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Ling", "given_name": "Jingwei", "clpid": "Ling-Jingwei" }, { "family_name": "Luo", "given_name": "Rui", "clpid": "Luo-Rui" }, { "family_name": "Liang", "given_name": "Hanxiao", "clpid": "Liang-Hanxiao" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Mingxiao", "clpid": "Li-Mingxiao" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" } ], "abstract": "The wide range of functions that are possible with lithium niobate (LN) waveguide devices, including phase and intensity modulation, second-harmonic generation, and difference-frequency generation, makes it attractive as a potential microcomb material. LN microcombs would combine essential comb self-referencing and control functions with the pulse generation process in a single microresonator device. Here, we demonstrate a soliton microcomb in a monolithic high-Q LN resonator. Direct frequency doubling of the soliton spectrum is observed inside the same cavity. The LN soliton mode-locking process also self-starts and allows bi-directional switching of soliton states, effects that are shown to result from the LN photorefractive effect. The Kerr solitons exhibit a self-frequency shift resulting from the Raman effect of LN. This microcomb platform can dramatically simplify miniature time keeping, frequency synthesis/division, and spectroscopy systems. Moreover, direct generation of femtosecond timescale pulses within LN microresonators can benefit quantum photonics and signal processing systems.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.6.001138", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2019-09-20", "series_number": "9", "volume": "6", "issue": "9", "pages": "1138-1144" }, { "id": "authors:9fzfa-c4k85", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9fzfa-c4k85", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181129-145913477", "type": "article", "title": "Microresonator soliton dual-comb imaging", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Fast-responding detector arrays are commonly used for imaging rapidly changing scenes. Besides array detectors, a single-pixel detector combined with a broadband optical spectrum can also be used for rapid imaging by mapping the spectrum into a spatial coordinate grid and then rapidly measuring the spectrum. Here, optical frequency combs generated from high-Q silica microresonators are used to implement this method. The microcomb is dispersed in two spatial dimensions to measure a test target. The target-encoded spectrum is then measured by multi-heterodyne beating with another microcomb having a slightly different repetition rate, enabling an imaging frame rate up to 200 kHz and fill rates as high as 48 megapixels/s. The system is used to monitor the flow of microparticles in a fluid cell. Microcombs in combination with a monolithic waveguide grating array imager could greatly magnify these results by combining the spatial parallelism of detector arrays with spectral parallelism of optics.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.6.001110", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2019-09-20", "series_number": "9", "volume": "6", "issue": "9", "pages": "1110-1116" }, { "id": "authors:p9szs-q8e25", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p9szs-q8e25", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190429-123327468", "type": "book_section", "title": "High spectral efficiency superchannel transmission using a soliton microcomb", "author": [ { "family_name": "Mazur", "given_name": "Mikael", "clpid": "Mazur-M" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "F\u00fcl\u00f6p", "given_name": "Attila", "clpid": "F\u00fcl\u00f6p-A" }, { "family_name": "Schr\u00f6der", "given_name": "Jochen", "clpid": "Schr\u00f6der-Jochen" }, { "family_name": "Torres-Company", "given_name": "Victor", "clpid": "Torres-Company-V" }, { "family_name": "Karlsson", "given_name": "Magnus", "orcid": "0000-0002-2011-0851", "clpid": "Karlsson-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Andrekson", "given_name": "Peter A.", "clpid": "Andrekson-P-A" } ], "abstract": "Optical communication systems have come through five orders of magnitude improvement in data rate over the last three decades. The increased demand in data traffic and the limited optoelectronic component bandwidths have led to state-of-the-art systems employing hundreds of separate lasers in each transmitter. Given the limited optical amplifier bandwidths, focus is now shifting to maximize the spectral efficiency, SE. However, the frequency jitter from neighbouring lasers results in uncertainties of the exact channel wavelength, requiring large guardbands to avoid catastrophic channel overlap. Optical frequency combs with optimal line spacings (typically around 10-50 GHz) can overcome these limitations and maximize the SE. Recent developments in microresonator-based soliton frequency combs (hereafter microcombs) promise a compact, power efficient multi-wavelength and phase-locked light source for optical communications. Here we demonstrate a microcomb-based communication link achieving state-of-the-art spectral efficiency that has previously only been possible with bulk-optics systems. Compared to previous microcomb works in optical communications, our microcomb features a narrow line spacing of 22.1 GHz. In addition, it provides a four order-of-magnitude more stable line spacing compared to free-running lasers. The optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) is sufficient for information encoding using state-of-the-art high-order modulation formats. This enables us to demonstrate transmission of a 12 Tb/s superchannel over distances ranging from a single 82 km span with an SE exceeding 10 bits/s/Hz, to 2000 km with an SE higher than 6 bits/s/Hz. These results demonstrate that microcombs can attain the SE that will spearhead future optical networks.", "doi": "10.1049/cp.2019.0883", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication_date": "2019-09" }, { "id": "authors:92jvd-yws76", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "92jvd-yws76", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181129-153803175", "type": "article", "title": "Architecture for the photonic integration of an optical atomic clock", "author": [ { "family_name": "Newman", "given_name": "Zachary L.", "clpid": "Newman-Z-L" }, { "family_name": "Maurice", "given_name": "Vincent", "clpid": "Maurice-V" }, { "family_name": "Drake", "given_name": "Tara", "clpid": "Drake-T-E" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "Jordan R.", "clpid": "Stone-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Briles", "given_name": "Travis C.", "clpid": "Briles-T-C" }, { "family_name": "Spencer", "given_name": "Daryl T.", "clpid": "Spencer-D-T" }, { "family_name": "Fredrick", "given_name": "Connor", "orcid": "0000-0002-0560-1433", "clpid": "Fredrick-C" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Qing", "clpid": "Li-Qing" }, { "family_name": "Westly", "given_name": "Daron", "clpid": "Westly-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Ilic", "given_name": "B. R.", "clpid": "Ilic-B-R" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Johnson", "given_name": "Cort", "clpid": "Johnson-C" }, { "family_name": "Johnson", "given_name": "David M. S.", "clpid": "Johnson-D-M-S" }, { "family_name": "Hollberg", "given_name": "Leo", "clpid": "Hollberg-L" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "Kartik", "clpid": "Srinivasan-Kartik" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Kitching", "given_name": "John", "clpid": "Kitching-J-E" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Hummon", "given_name": "Matthew T.", "clpid": "Hummon-M-T" } ], "abstract": "Laboratory optical atomic clocks achieve remarkable accuracy (now counted to 18 digits or more), opening possibilities to explore fundamental physics and enable new measurements. However, their size and use of bulk components prevent them from being more widely adopted in applications that require precision timing. By leveraging silicon-chip photonics for integration and to reduce component size and complexity, we demonstrate a compact optical-clock architecture. Here a semiconductor laser is stabilized to an optical transition in a microfabricated rubidium vapor cell, and a pair of interlocked Kerr-microresonator frequency combs provide fully coherent optical division of the clock laser to generate an electronic 22 GHz clock signal with a fractional frequency instability of one part in 10^(13). These results demonstrate key concepts of how to use silicon-chip devices in future portable and ultraprecise optical clocks.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.6.000680", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2019-05-20", "series_number": "5", "volume": "6", "issue": "5", "pages": "680-685" }, { "id": "authors:7mp01-ctz16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7mp01-ctz16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190711-155120537", "type": "book_section", "title": "Self-starting lithium niobate soliton microcombs", "book_title": "CLEO: Science and Innovations 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Yang", "clpid": "He-Yang" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qifan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Ling", "given_name": "Jingwei", "clpid": "Ling-Jingwei" }, { "family_name": "Luo", "given_name": "Rui", "clpid": "Luo-Rui" }, { "family_name": "Liang", "given_name": "Hanxiao", "clpid": "Liang-Hanxiao" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Mingxiao", "clpid": "Li-Mingxiao" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" } ], "abstract": "We report soliton generation in a high-Q lithium niobate resonator. The photo-refractive effect enables self-starting mode locking and is able to produce stable single solitons on demand that feature reversible switching between soliton states.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2019.sf2j.5", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. SF2J.5" }, { "id": "authors:fzbcd-mxm43", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "fzbcd-mxm43", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190711-150915486", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dual-comb imaging using soliton microcombs", "book_title": "CLEO: Science and Innovations 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate rapid imaging using dual-microcomb interferometry. One of the soliton microcombs is spatially dispersed into two dimensions to record spatial information and the image is read out by multi-heterodyne with the second microcomb.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2019.STh4J.3", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. STh4J.3" }, { "id": "authors:hrkdg-mw277", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hrkdg-mw277", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190712-092310191", "type": "book_section", "title": "Microresonator Spectrometer Using Counter-propagating Solitons", "book_title": "CLEO: Applications and Technology 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Tran", "given_name": "Minh", "orcid": "0000-0002-2195-6381", "clpid": "Tran-Minh" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Zhewei", "clpid": "Zhang-Zhewei" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A spectrometer is demonstrated using self-locked counter-propagating soliton frequency combs in a high-Q silica microresonator. Fast tuning laser waveforms and molecular absorption features are measured with kiloHertz to MegaHertz resolution.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_at.2019.af2k.1", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. AF2K.1" }, { "id": "authors:5qyqc-yyp03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5qyqc-yyp03", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190712-075835713", "type": "book_section", "title": "An On-chip Optical Brillouin Gyroscope with Earth-Rotation-Rate Sensitivity", "book_title": "CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Y. H.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "M. G.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" } ], "abstract": "A chip-based gyroscope is demonstrated that uses counter-propagating Brillouin lasers to measure rotation as a Sagnac-induced frequency shift. Demonstration of rotation measurement below the Earth rotation rate is presented. Prospects for improved performance are discussed.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2019.ftu3b.1", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. FTu3B.1" }, { "id": "authors:wk624-m1095", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wk624-m1095", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190712-083911348", "type": "book_section", "title": "Measurement of the Earth's Rotation Using a Chip-Based Brillouin Laser Gyroscope", "book_title": "CLEO: Science and Innovations 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Yu-Kun", "orcid": "0000-0003-4840-0487", "clpid": "Lu-Yu-Kun" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We report a chip-based Brillouin laser gyroscope with 0.068\u00b0/\u221a h angular random walk and 3.6\u00b0/h bias stability. The device can resolve sinusoidal rotations with amplitude as low as 5\u00b0/h and is also used to measure the Earth's rotation.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_at.2019.jth5a.8", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. JTh5A.8" }, { "id": "authors:qs6ey-3fp25", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qs6ey-3fp25", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190412-103454096", "type": "article", "title": "Directly pumped 10\u2009\u2009GHz microcomb modules from low-power diode lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Christine Y.", "clpid": "Wang-Christine-Y" }, { "family_name": "Johnson", "given_name": "Cort", "clpid": "Johnson-C" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Soliton microcombs offer the prospect of advanced optical metrology and timing systems in compact form factors. In these applications, the pumping of microcombs directly from a semiconductor laser without amplification or triggering components is desirable to reduce system power and to simplify system design. At the same time, low-repetition-rate microcombs are required in many comb applications as an interface to detectors and electronics, but their increased mode volume makes them challenging to pump at low power. Here 10 GHz repetition rate soliton microcombs are directly pumped by low-power (<20\u2009\u2009mW) diode lasers. High-Q silica microresonators are used for this low-power operation and are packaged into fiber-connectorized modules that feature temperature control for improved long-term frequency stability.", "doi": "10.1364/ol.44.001841", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2019-04-01", "series_number": "7", "volume": "44", "issue": "7", "pages": "1841-1843" }, { "id": "authors:n2swy-kn063", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n2swy-kn063", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190822-134055426", "type": "book_section", "title": "Physics and applications of counter propagating solitons in microcavities (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XXI", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qifan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Kudryashov", "given_name": "Alexis V.", "clpid": "Kudryashov-A-V" }, { "family_name": "Paxton", "given_name": "Alan H.", "clpid": "Paxton-A-H" }, { "family_name": "Ilchenko", "given_name": "Vladimir S.", "clpid": "Ilchenko-V-S" } ], "abstract": "Microresonator solitons orbit around a closed waveguide path and produce a repetitive output pulse stream at a rate set by the roundtrip time. Here, counter-propagating solitons that simultaneously orbit in an opposing sense (clockwise/counter-clockwise) are studied. Despite sharing the same spatial mode family, their roundtrip times can be precisely and independently controlled. Furthermore, a state is possible in which their relative optical phase and repetition rates are locked. This state allows a single resonator to produce dual-soliton frequency-comb streams with different repetition rates, but with a high relative coherence that is useful in spectroscopy and ranging.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2513806", "isbn": "9781510624504", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-03-13", "pages": "Art. No. 109040H" }, { "id": "authors:176vq-xj594", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "176vq-xj594", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190222-071817794", "type": "article", "title": "Vernier spectrometer using counterpropagating soliton microcombs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Tran", "given_name": "Minh", "orcid": "0000-0002-2195-6381", "clpid": "Tran-Minh" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Zhewei", "clpid": "Zhang-Zhewei" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Lue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7503-7057", "clpid": "Wu-Lue" }, { "family_name": "Bao", "given_name": "Chengying", "clpid": "Bao-Chengying" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Determination of laser frequency with high resolution under continuous and abrupt tuning conditions is important for sensing, spectroscopy, and communications. We show that a single microresonator provides rapid and broadband measurement of optical frequencies with a relative frequency precision comparable to that of conventional dual-frequency comb systems. Dual-locked counterpropagating solitons having slightly different repetition rates were used to implement a vernier spectrometer, which enabled characterization of laser tuning rates as high as 10 terahertz per second, broadly step-tuned lasers, multiline laser spectra, and molecular absorption lines. Besides providing a considerable technical simplification through the dual-locked solitons and enhanced capability for measurement of arbitrarily tuned sources, our results reveal possibilities for chip-scale spectrometers that exceed the performance of tabletop grating and interferometer-based devices.", "doi": "10.1126/science.aaw2317", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2019-03-01", "series_number": "6430", "volume": "363", "issue": "6430", "pages": "965-968" }, { "id": "authors:mpg8f-hyc74", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mpg8f-hyc74", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190506-093825248", "type": "book_section", "title": "Towards Integrated Microcomb Systems for Hertz-Scale Accuracy Optical Signal Generation", "book_title": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2019, OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2019)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The history and physics of soliton microcombs are briefly overviewed. Several applications under active investigation are described including recent demonstrations of dual-comb spectroscopy and optical frequency synthesis to Hertz-level absolute accuracy over C-band.", "doi": "10.1364/ofc.2019.w1b.4", "isbn": "9781943580538", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-03", "pages": "Art. No. W1B.4" }, { "id": "authors:3w1zn-sh861", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3w1zn-sh861", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190506-093824581", "type": "book_section", "title": "Silicon-chip-based Brillouin lasers and soliton microcombs using an integrated ultra-high-Q silica resonator", "book_title": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2019, OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2019)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "K.-Y.", "clpid": "Yang-K-Y" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "D.-Y.", "clpid": "Oh-D-Y" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "S.-H.", "clpid": "Lee-S-H" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Q. F.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "X.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "B.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" } ], "abstract": "A monolithic ultra-high-Q silica resonator featuring an integrated silicon-nitride waveguide is described. The resonator can be configured for either high-coherence Brillouin laser action or stable microwave-rate mode locking over C-band at low pumping power.", "doi": "10.1364/ofc.2019.m1d.4", "isbn": "9781943580538", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-03", "pages": "Art. No. M1D.4" }, { "id": "authors:39z93-fxc62", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "39z93-fxc62", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-080155783", "type": "article", "title": "Searching for Exoplanets Using a Microresonator Astrocomb", "author": [ { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Leifer", "given_name": "S.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8980-7825", "clpid": "Leifer-Stephanie-D" }, { "family_name": "Grudinin", "given_name": "Ivan S.", "clpid": "Grudinin-Ivan-S" }, { "family_name": "Vasisht", "given_name": "G.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1871-6264", "clpid": "Vasisht-Gautam" }, { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Emily C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0618-5128", "clpid": "Martin-Emily-C" }, { "family_name": "Fitzgerald", "given_name": "Michael P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0176-8973", "clpid": "Fitzgerald-Michael-P" }, { "family_name": "Doppmann", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Doppmann-Gregory-W" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885", "clpid": "Wang-Ji" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8290-7076", "clpid": "Papp-Scott-B" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-Scott-A" }, { "family_name": "Beichman", "given_name": "C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5627-5471", "clpid": "Beichman-Charles-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Orbiting planets induce a weak radial velocity (RV) shift in the host star that provides a powerful method of planet detection. Importantly, the RV technique provides information about the exoplanet mass, which is unavailable with the complementary technique of transit photometry. However, RV detection of an Earth-like planet in the 'habitable zone' requires extreme spectroscopic precision that is only possible using a laser frequency comb (LFC). Conventional LFCs require complex filtering steps to be compatible with astronomical spectrographs, but a new chip-based microresonator device, the Kerr soliton microcomb, is an ideal match for astronomical spectrograph resolution and can eliminate these filtering steps. Here, we demonstrate an atomic/molecular line-referenced soliton microcomb for calibration of astronomical spectrographs. These devices can ultimately provide LFC systems that would occupy only a few cubic centimetres, thereby greatly expanding implementation of these technologies into remote and mobile environments beyond the research lab.", "doi": "10.1038/s41566-018-0312-3", "pmcid": "PMC6364311", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2019-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "13", "issue": "1", "pages": "25-30" }, { "id": "authors:j3xvb-21g15", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "j3xvb-21g15", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190429-145001580", "type": "monograph", "title": "Direct Kerr-frequency-comb atomic spectroscopy", "author": [ { "family_name": "Stern", "given_name": "Liron", "clpid": "Stern-L" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "Jordan R.", "clpid": "Stone-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Kang", "given_name": "Songbai", "clpid": "Kang-Songbai" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Fredrick", "given_name": "Connor", "orcid": "0000-0002-0560-1433", "clpid": "Fredrick-C" }, { "family_name": "Newman", "given_name": "Zachary", "clpid": "Newman-Z" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kitching", "given_name": "John", "clpid": "Kitching-J-E" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" } ], "abstract": "Microresonator-based soliton frequency combs - microcombs - have recently emerged to offer low-noise, photonic-chip sources for optical measurements. Owing to nonlinear-optical physics, microcombs can be built with various materials and tuned or stabilized with a consistent framework. Some applications require phase stabilization, including optical-frequency synthesis and measurements, optical-frequency division, and optical clocks. Partially stabilized microcombs can also benefit applications, such as oscillators, ranging, dual-comb spectroscopy, wavelength calibration, and optical communications. Broad optical bandwidth, brightness, coherence, and frequency stability have made frequency-comb sources important for studying comb-matter interactions with atoms and molecules. Here, we explore direct microcomb atomic spectroscopy, utilizing a cascaded, two-photon 1529-nm atomic transition of rubidium. Both the microcomb and the atomic vapor are implemented with planar fabrication techniques to support integration. By fine and simultaneous control of the repetition rate and carrier-envelope-offset frequency of the soliton microcomb, we obtain direct sub-Doppler and hyperfine spectroscopy of the 4^2D_(5/2) manifold. Moreover, the entire set of microcomb modes are stabilized to this atomic transition, yielding absolute optical-frequency fluctuations of the microcomb at the kilohertz-level over a few seconds and < 1 MHz day-to-day accuracy. Our work demonstrates atomic spectroscopy with microcombs and provides a rubidium-stabilized microcomb laser source, operating across the 1550 nm band for sensing, dimensional metrology, and communication.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1812.09789", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2018-12-23" }, { "id": "authors:ddacv-ybt77", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ddacv-ybt77", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180706-152505031", "type": "article", "title": "The planet formation imager", "author": [ { "family_name": "Monnier", "given_name": "John D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3380-3307", "clpid": "Monnier-John-D" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The Planet Formation Imager (PFI, www.planetformationimager.org) is a next-generation infrared interferometer array with the primary goal of imaging the active phases of planet formation in nearby star forming regions. PFI will be sensitive to warm dust emission using mid-infrared capabilities made possible by precise fringe tracking in the near-infrared. An L/M band combiner will be especially sensitive to thermal emission from young exoplanets (and their disks) with a high spectral resolution mode to probe the kinematics of CO and H_2O gas. In this paper, we give an overview of the main science goals of PFI, define a baseline PFI architecture that can achieve those goals, point at remaining technical challenges, and suggest activities today that will help make the Planet Formation Imager facility a reality.", "doi": "10.1007/s10686-018-9594-1", "issn": "0922-6435", "publisher": "Springer", "publication": "Experimental Astronomy", "publication_date": "2018-12", "series_number": "3", "volume": "46", "issue": "3", "pages": "517-529" }, { "id": "authors:qjk9f-axs14", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qjk9f-axs14", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181108-085341666", "type": "article", "title": "Kerr-microresonator solitons from a chirped background", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "Jordan R.", "clpid": "Stone-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Erkintalo", "given_name": "Miro", "clpid": "Erkintalo-M" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" } ], "abstract": "Optical frequency combs based on solitons in nonlinear microresonators open up new regimes for optical metrology and signal processing across a range of expanding and emerging applications. In this work, we advance these combs toward applications by demonstrating protected single-soliton formation and operation in a Kerr-nonlinear microresonator using a phase-modulated pump laser. Phase modulation gives rise to spatially/temporally varying effective loss and detuning parameters, leading to an operation regime in which multi-soliton degeneracy is lifted and a single soliton is the only observable behavior. We achieve direct, on-demand excitation of single solitons as indicated by reversal of the characteristic \"soliton step.\" Phase modulation also enables precise, high bandwidth control of the soliton pulse train's properties, and we measure dynamics that agree closely with simulations. We show that the technique can be extended to high-repetition-frequency Kerr solitons through subharmonic phase modulation. These results will facilitate straightforward generation and control of Kerr-soliton microcombs for integrated photonics systems.", "doi": "10.1364/optica.5.001304", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2018-10-20", "series_number": "10", "volume": "5", "issue": "10", "pages": "1304-1310" }, { "id": "authors:vpx3d-62q49", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vpx3d-62q49", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180904-142902041", "type": "article", "title": "Imaging soliton dynamics in optical microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Solitons are self-sustained wavepackets that occur in many physical systems. Their recent demonstration in optical microresonators has provided a new platform for the study of nonlinear optical physics with practical implications for miniaturization of time standards, spectroscopy tools, and frequency metrology systems. However, despite its importance to the understanding of soliton physics, as well as development of new applications, imaging the rich dynamical behavior of solitons in microcavities has not been possible. These phenomena require a difficult combination of high-temporal-resolution and long-record-length in order to capture the evolving trajectories of closely spaced microcavity solitons. Here, an imaging method is demonstrated that visualizes soliton motion with sub-picosecond resolution over arbitrary time spans. A wide range of complex soliton transient behavior are characterized in the temporal or spectral domain, including soliton formation, collisions, spectral breathing, and soliton decay. This method can serve as a visualization tool for developing new soliton applications and understanding complex soliton physics in microcavities.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-018-06031-5", "pmcid": "PMC6120930", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2018-09-03", "volume": "9", "pages": "Art. No. 3565" }, { "id": "authors:x5339-tzj73", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x5339-tzj73", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180829-101129677", "type": "monograph", "title": "Optical Frequency Combs for Space Applications", "author": [ { "family_name": "Leifer", "given_name": "Stephanie", "orcid": "0000-0002-8980-7825", "clpid": "Leifer-Stephanie-D" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Nan", "clpid": "Yu-Nan" } ], "abstract": "An Optical Frequency Comb (OFC) is an optical spectrum consisting of uniformly spaced lines. The stability of the line spacing is controlled by a radio frequency or microwave source. Moreover, if the comb is spectrally broadened to encompass an octave of bandwidth, it is also possible to \"self-reference\" the comb, endowing it with absolute frequency stability at a Hertz level. It is accordingly a very precise spectroscopic tool for measuring different frequencies of light and is sometimes referred to as an optical ruler. Additionally, comb lines are phase coherent so that phase information can be transferred or measured across a very broad band of optical frequencies.\n\nOFCs are also sometimes referred to as optical clockworks because they can relate an optical frequency standard to an electronic one, enabling signal processing with fast electronics, yet with the precision afforded by optical frequencies. OFCs are now central to a new generation of optical clocks that are 100 times more accurate than today's best time-keeping systems, enabling new capabilities in communication, navigation, and advancement of fundamental science.\n\nBecause of the unique and powerful features of OFCs, the Keck Institute for Space Studies sponsored two workshops on Optical Frequency Combs for Space Applications at the California Institute of Technology in November of 2015 and February of 2016. The purpose of these workshops was to formulate space applications and mission concepts enabled by optical frequency comb technology and to identify high priority technology challenges and gaps that need to be\naddressed to implement these missions. This was accomplished by bringing together a diverse group of experts in OFC technology, space application specialists, and potential customers in the areas of astronomy and astrophysics, navigation, laser interferometry, Earth and planetary\nscience, and instrumentation development.\n\nWorkshop participants suggested 29 applications potentially enabled or significantly enhanced by the use of OFCs. These concepts spanned four general categories in the areas of spectroscopy, fundamental physics, astronomy, and technology. Four specific mission concepts were explored in more depth during the second workshop because of their potential science return. These concepts were 1) a Space-Time Observatory designed around a distributed network of optical clocks for use in gravitational wave detection, Dark Matter experiments, and a worldwide time standard for laboratory science; 2) The Alpha Centauri Reconnaissance Mission to demonstrate OFC technology on a small explorer-class spacecraft to achieve the highest possible Doppler shift measurement precision for radial velocity determination of exoplanetary mass and cosmological expansion, and also serve as a critical pathfinder for either a LUVOIR or HabEx observatory1; 3) a Comb Occultation Cubesat Observatory (COCO) for performing CubeSat-scale planetary atmospheric occultation measurements at Earth, Mars, and other solar system targets, thereby enabling fast, broadband, simultaneous measurement of multiple gas species with either active or passive illumination; and 4) Comb-enabled High Angular Resolution Imaging (CHARLI), a ground-based application using OFC-local oscillators for heterodyne detection and interferometry in the mid-infrared to allow imaging of complex scenes in astronomy on scales never imaged before.", "doi": "10.26206/EQYS-9354", "publication_date": "2018-07-23" }, { "id": "authors:e8c3d-9jq46", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "e8c3d-9jq46", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180620-115539627", "type": "article", "title": "Universal isocontours for dissipative Kerr solitons", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Xinbai", "clpid": "Li-Xinbai" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Zhiping", "clpid": "Zhou-Zhiping" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Dissipative Kerr solitons can be generated within an existence region defined on a space of normalized pumping power versus cavity-pump detuning frequency. The contours of constant soliton power and constant pulse width in this region are studied through measurement and simulation. Such isocontours impart structure to the existence region and improve understanding of soliton locking and stabilization methods. As part of the study, dimensionless, closed-form expressions for soliton power and pulse width are developed (including Raman contributions). They provide isocontours in close agreement with those from the full simulation, and, as universal expressions, can simplify the estimation of soliton properties across a wide range of systems.", "doi": "10.1364/OL.43.002567", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2018-06-01", "series_number": "11", "volume": "43", "issue": "11", "pages": "2567-2570" }, { "id": "authors:kk5tp-qmz63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kk5tp-qmz63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180122-094632672", "type": "article", "title": "An optical-frequency synthesizer using integrated photonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Spencer", "given_name": "Daryl T.", "clpid": "Spencer-D-T" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical-frequency synthesizers, which generate frequency-stable light from a single microwave-frequency reference, are revolutionizing ultrafast science and metrology, but their size, power requirement and cost need to be reduced if they are to be more widely used. Integrated-photonics microchips can be used in high-coherence applications, such as data transmission, highly optimized physical sensors and harnessing quantum states, to lower cost and increase efficiency and portability. Here we describe a method for synthesizing the absolute frequency of a lightwave signal, using integrated photonics to create a phase-coherent microwave-to-optical link. We use a heterogeneously integrated iii\u2013v/silicon tunable laser, which is guided by nonlinear frequency combs fabricated on separate silicon chips and pumped by off-chip lasers. The laser frequency output of our optical-frequency synthesizer can be programmed by a microwave clock across 4 terahertz near 1,550 nanometres (the telecommunications C-band) with 1 hertz resolution. Our measurements verify that the output of the synthesizer is exceptionally stable across this region (synthesis error of 7.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910^(\u221215) or below). Any application of an optical-frequency source could benefit from the high-precision optical synthesis presented here. Leveraging high-volume semiconductor processing built around advanced materials could allow such low-cost, low-power and compact integrated-photonics devices to be widely used.", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-018-0065-7", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2018-05-03", "series_number": "7703", "volume": "557", "issue": "7703", "pages": "81-85" }, { "id": "authors:vjr8b-sc225", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vjr8b-sc225", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-083251686", "type": "article", "title": "Micro-resonator soliton generated directly with a diode laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Volet", "given_name": "Nicolas", "clpid": "Volet-N" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Stanton", "given_name": "Eric J.", "clpid": "Stanton-E-J" }, { "family_name": "Morton", "given_name": "Paul A.", "clpid": "Morton-P-A" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" } ], "abstract": "An external\u2010cavity diode laser for 1550\u2010nm wavelength is reported with ultra\u2010low noise, high power coupled to a fiber, and fast tunability. These characteristics enable the generation of an optical frequency comb in a silica micro\u2010resonator with a single\u2010soliton state. Neither an optical amplifier nor a modulator is used in the experiment. This demonstration greatly simplifies the soliton generation setup and represents a significant step forward to a fully integrated soliton comb system.", "doi": "10.1002/lpor.201700307", "issn": "1863-8880", "publisher": "Wiley", "publication": "Laser and Photonics Reviews", "publication_date": "2018-05", "series_number": "5", "volume": "12", "issue": "5", "pages": "Art. No. 1700307" }, { "id": "authors:h1nhj-e3639", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "h1nhj-e3639", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170619-095450945", "type": "article", "title": "Bridging ultrahigh-Q devices and photonic circuits", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical microresonators are essential to a broad range of technologies and scientific disciplines. However, many of their applications rely on discrete devices to attain challenging combinations of ultra-low-loss performance (ultrahigh Q) and resonator design requirements. This prevents access to scalable fabrication methods for photonic integration and lithographic feature control. Indeed, finding a microfabrication bridge that connects ultrahigh-Q device functions with photonic circuits is a priority of the microcavity field. Here, an integrated resonator having a record Q factor over 200 million is presented. Its ultra-low-loss and flexible cavity design brings performance to integrated systems that has been the exclusive domain of discrete silica and crystalline microcavity devices. Two distinctly different devices are demonstrated: soliton sources with electronic repetition rates and high-coherence/low-threshold Brillouin lasers. This multi-device capability and performance from a single integrated cavity platform represents a critical advance for future photonic circuits and systems.", "doi": "10.1038/s41566-018-0132-5", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2018-05", "series_number": "5", "volume": "12", "issue": "5", "pages": "297-302" }, { "id": "authors:z4mg5-b8t42", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "z4mg5-b8t42", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180622-151440153", "type": "book_section", "title": "Temporal soliton locked in a micro-resonator pumped by a diode laser without an amplifier", "book_title": "2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition (OFC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Volet", "given_name": "Nicolas", "clpid": "Volet-N" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Stanton", "given_name": "Eric J.", "clpid": "Stanton-E-J" }, { "family_name": "Morton", "given_name": "Paul A.", "clpid": "Morton-P-A" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" } ], "abstract": "A single-soliton state is generated in a micro-resonator using a customized low-noise diode laser. This demonstration greatly simplifies the soliton generation setup and represents a significant step forward to a fully integrated soliton comb system.", "doi": "10.1364/OFC.2018.Th1I.3", "isbn": "978-1-943580-38-5", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2018-03", "pages": "Art. No. Th1I.3" }, { "id": "authors:rc5b0-a7152", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rc5b0-a7152", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180102-080641880", "type": "article", "title": "Soliton Microcomb Range Measurement", "author": [ { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Laser-based range measurement systems are important in many application areas, including autonomous vehicles, robotics, manufacturing, formation flying of satellites, and basic science. Coherent laser ranging systems using dual-frequency combs provide an unprecedented combination of long range, high precision, and fast update rate. We report dual-comb distance measurement using chip-based soliton microcombs. A single pump laser was used to generate dual-frequency combs within a single microresonator as counterpropagating solitons. We demonstrated time-of-flight measurement with 200-nanometer precision at an averaging time of 500 milliseconds within a range ambiguity of 16 millimeters. Measurements at distances up to 25 meters with much lower precision were also performed. Our chip-based source is an important step toward miniature dual-comb laser ranging systems that are suitable for photonic integration.", "doi": "10.1126/science.aao1968", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2018-02-23", "series_number": "6378", "volume": "359", "issue": "6378", "pages": "884-887" }, { "id": "authors:a3v7v-wz612", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a3v7v-wz612", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180201-112825834", "type": "article", "title": "Gigahertz-repetition-rate soliton microcombs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Soliton microcombs with repetition rates as low as 1.86 GHz are demonstrated, thereby entering a regime more typical of table\u2013top combs. Low rates are important in spectroscopy and relax requirements on comb processing electronics.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.5.000065", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2018-01-20", "series_number": "1", "volume": "5", "issue": "1", "pages": "65-66" }, { "id": "authors:zzahq-z6e04", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zzahq-z6e04", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170731-082550519", "type": "article", "title": "Towards visible soliton microcomb generation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "Boqiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-0697-508X", "clpid": "Shen-Boqiang" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Heming", "orcid": "0000-0003-3861-0624", "clpid": "Wang-Heming" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Frequency combs have applications that extend from the ultra-violet into the mid-infrared bands. Microcombs, a miniature and often semiconductor-chip-based device, can potentially access most of these applications, but are currently more limited in spectral reach. Here, we demonstrate mode-locked silica microcombs with emission near the edge of the visible spectrum. By using both geometrical and mode-hybridization dispersion control, devices are engineered for soliton generation while also maintaining optical Q factors as high as 80 million. Electronics-bandwidth-compatible (20\u2009GHz) soliton mode locking is achieved with low pumping powers (parametric oscillation threshold powers as low as 5.4\u2009mW). These are the shortest wavelength soliton microcombs demonstrated to date and could be used in miniature optical clocks. The results should also extend to visible and potentially ultra-violet bands.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-017-01473-9", "pmcid": "PMC5670225", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2017-11-03", "volume": "8", "pages": "Art. No. 1295" }, { "id": "authors:qa86k-pqb72", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qa86k-pqb72", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170807-104744818", "type": "article", "title": "Phonon-Limited-Linewidth of Brillouin Lasers at Cryogenic Temperatures", "author": [ { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Laser linewidth is of central importance in spectroscopy, frequency metrology, and all applications of lasers requiring high coherence. It is also of fundamental importance, because the Schawlow-Townes laser linewidth limit is of quantum origin. Recently, a theory of stimulated Brillouin laser (SBL) linewidth has been reported. While the SBL linewidth formula exhibits power and optical \nQ\n factor dependences that are identical to the Schawlow-Townes formula, a source of noise not present in conventional lasers, phonon occupancy of the Brillouin mechanical mode is predicted to be the dominant SBL linewidth contribution. Moreover, the quantum limit of the SBL linewidth is predicted to be twice the Schawlow-Townes limit on account of phonon participation. To help confirm this theory the SBL fundamental linewidth is measured at cryogenic temperatures in a silica microresonator. Its temperature dependence and the SBL linewidth theory are combined to predict the number of thermomechanical quanta at three temperatures. The result agrees with the Bose-Einstein phonon occupancy of the microwave-rate Brillouin mode in support of the SBL linewidth theory prediction.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.143901", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2017-10-06", "series_number": "14", "volume": "119", "issue": "14", "pages": "Art. No. 143901" }, { "id": "authors:ak6zt-q7w88", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ak6zt-q7w88", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-111617608", "type": "book_section", "title": "A 30 GHz ultra-low-phase-noise oscillator using electro-optical frequency division", "book_title": "2017 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A 30 G Hz ultra-low-phase-noise oscillator is demonstrated u ing electro-optical frequency division. The measured phase noise is -151 dBc/Hz (10 kHz offset) and -109 dBc/Hz (100 Hz offset). Phase locking to an external reference for long term synchronization is also demonstrated.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2017.8116181", "isbn": "978-1-5090-6579-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-10", "pages": "455-456" }, { "id": "authors:xqnv2-q5k83", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xqnv2-q5k83", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-103020712", "type": "book_section", "title": "Soliton microcomb operation to 778 nm", "book_title": "2017 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Q. F.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "S. H.", "clpid": "Lee-S-H" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "D. Y.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Shen", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Shen-B" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Wang-H" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "K. Y.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Y. H.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "X.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Soliton microcombs are demonstrated at both 1064 nm and 778 nm by dispersion-engineering on-chip silica resonators. These are the shortest wavelength soliton microcombs demonstrated to date and have potential applications in optical clocks and metrology.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2017.8116040", "isbn": "978-1-5090-6579-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-10", "pages": "139-140" }, { "id": "authors:qewgw-3q109", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qewgw-3q109", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-104129579", "type": "book_section", "title": "Full stabilization and control of an integrated photonics optical frequency synthesizer", "book_title": "2017 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Spencer", "given_name": "Daryl T.", "clpid": "Spencer-D-T" }, { "family_name": "Briles", "given_name": "Travis C.", "clpid": "Briles-T-C" }, { "family_name": "Drake", "given_name": "Tara", "clpid": "Drake-T-E" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "Jordan", "orcid": "0000-0003-0454-3718", "clpid": "Stone-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Ilic", "given_name": "Robert", "clpid": "Ilic-R" }, { "family_name": "Sinclair", "given_name": "Laura", "clpid": "Sinclair-L" }, { "family_name": "Westly", "given_name": "Daron", "clpid": "Westly-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Newbury", "given_name": "Nathan", "clpid": "Newbury-N-R" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "Kartik", "clpid": "Srinivasan-Kartik" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Bluestone", "given_name": "Aaron", "clpid": "Bluestone-A" }, { "family_name": "Komljenovic", "given_name": "Tin", "clpid": "Komljenovic-T" }, { "family_name": "Volet", "given_name": "Nicholas", "clpid": "Volet-N" }, { "family_name": "Theogarajan", "given_name": "Luke", "clpid": "Theogarajan-L" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Pfeiffer", "given_name": "Martin H. P.", "clpid": "Pfeiffer-M-H-P" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Norberg", "given_name": "Erik", "clpid": "Norberg-E" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a frequency-stabilized, dual-Kerr microcomb that guides an integrated Vernier-laser optical frequency synthesizer, all derived from an RF clock. The synthesizer's stability is <;10^(-12)/\u03c4 with Hz-level tuning resolution across a 32 nm tuning range.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2017.8116130", "isbn": "978-1-5090-6579-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-10", "pages": "341-342" }, { "id": "authors:j403j-zg573", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "j403j-zg573", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-105617035", "type": "book_section", "title": "An Integrated Ultra-High-Q Resonator for Optical Clocks, Synthesizers, Gyroscopes and Spectroscopy", "book_title": "2017 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" } ], "abstract": "A microresonator having Q factors greater than 200 million and featuring a silicon-nitride integrated coupling waveguide is described. The device is a critical advance for new microcavity applications requiring integrated, ultra-high-Q and millimeter-scale cavities.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2017.8116153", "isbn": "978-1-5090-6579-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-10", "pages": "389-390" }, { "id": "authors:7jnes-r1f10", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7jnes-r1f10", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171012-143819083", "type": "article", "title": "Fiber taper characterization by optical backscattering reflectometry", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lai", "given_name": "Yu-Hung", "orcid": "0000-0002-9639-6569", "clpid": "Lai-Yu-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Fiber tapers provide a way to rapidly measure the spectra of many types of optical microcavities. Proper fabrication of the taper ensures that its width varies sufficiently slowly (adiabatically) along the length of the taper so as to maintain single spatial mode propagation. This is usually accomplished by monitoring the spectral transmission through the taper. In addition to this characterization method it is also helpful to know the taper width versus length. By developing a model of optical backscattering within the fiber taper, it is possible to use backscatter measurements to characterize the taper width versus length. The model uses the concept of a local taper numerical aperture to accurately account for varying backscatter collection along the length of the taper. In addition to taper profile information, the backscatter reflectometry method delineates locations along the taper where fluctuations in fiber core refractive index, cladding refractive index, and taper surface roughness each provide the dominant source of backscattering. Rayleigh backscattering coefficients are also extracted by fitting the data with the model and are consistent with the fiber manufacturer's datasheet. The optical backscattering reflectometer is also used to observe defects resulting from microcracks and surface contamination. All of this information can be obtained before the taper is removed from its fabrication apparatus. The backscattering method should also be prove useful for characterization of nanofibers.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.25.022312", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2017-09-18", "series_number": "19", "volume": "25", "issue": "19", "pages": "22312-22327" }, { "id": "authors:q1xj6-tfs55", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "q1xj6-tfs55", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170612-085559021", "type": "article", "title": "Counter-propagating solitons in microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Solitons occur in many physical systems when a nonlinearity compensates wave dispersion. Their recently demonstrated formation in microresonators has opened a new research direction for nonlinear optical physics. Soliton mode locking also endows frequency microcombs with the enhanced stability necessary for miniaturization of spectroscopy and frequency metrology systems. These microresonator solitons orbit around a closed waveguide path and produce a repetitive output pulse stream at a rate set by the roundtrip time. Here, counter-propagating solitons that simultaneously orbit in an opposing sense (clockwise/counter-clockwise) are studied. Despite sharing the same spatial mode family, their roundtrip times can be precisely and independently controlled. Furthermore, a state is possible in which both the relative optical phase and relative repetition rates of the distinct soliton streams are locked. This state allows a single resonator to produce dual-soliton frequency-comb streams with different repetition rates, but with a high relative coherence that is useful in both spectroscopy and laser ranging systems.", "doi": "10.1038/NPHOTON.2017.117", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2017-09", "series_number": "9", "volume": "11", "issue": "9", "pages": "560-564" }, { "id": "authors:5h29f-qan20", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5h29f-qan20", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180627-135418685", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-low phase-noise microwave oscillator based on electro-optical frequency division", "book_title": "2017 Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We report the generation of ultra-low phase noise microwave signals using electro-optical frequency division. Two, independent 30 GHz eOFD oscillators are constructed and the measured phase noise for each oscillator is -151 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset and -109 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset. Phase locking to an external reference for long term synchronization is also demonstrated.", "doi": "10.1109/FCS.2017.8088863", "isbn": "978-1-5386-2916-1", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-07", "pages": "265-266" }, { "id": "authors:nm58k-5x688", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nm58k-5x688", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180419-082947524", "type": "book_section", "title": "Optical frequency synthesis using a dual-Kerr-microresonator frequency comb", "book_title": "2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Briles", "given_name": "T. C.", "clpid": "Briles-T-C" }, { "family_name": "Drake", "given_name": "T. E.", "clpid": "Drake-T-E" }, { "family_name": "Spencer", "given_name": "D. T.", "clpid": "Spencer-D-T" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "J. R.", "clpid": "Stone-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Fredrick", "given_name": "C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0560-1433", "clpid": "Fredrick-C" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Q.", "clpid": "Li-Q" }, { "family_name": "Westly", "given_name": "D. A.", "clpid": "Westly-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Ilic", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Ilic-R" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "X.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "K.", "clpid": "Srinivasan-Kartik" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "S. A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "S. B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" } ], "abstract": "We report a photonic-chip optical-frequency synthesizer using interlocking 1 THz and 22 GHz Kerr microcombs, which provide f-2f self-referencing and a dense comb spanning the C-band, respectively. We demonstrate the optical synthesizer with Hz resolution.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2017.SW4N.3", "isbn": "978-1-9435-8027-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-05" }, { "id": "authors:x9d2h-vkb34", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x9d2h-vkb34", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180419-111003921", "type": "book_section", "title": "Microresonator Soliton Dual-Comb Spectroscopy", "book_title": "2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Dual-comb spectroscopy is demonstrated using microresonator soliton frequency combs by measuring the absorption spectrum of H^(13)CN in the near-infrared. The results show the potential for a chip-based, high-precision spectroscopic system.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2017.SM4D.4", "isbn": "978-1-9435-8027-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-05", "pages": "Art. No. SM4D.4." }, { "id": "authors:5681e-4r704", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5681e-4r704", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171204-111853147", "type": "book_section", "title": "Octave broadening of a 15 GHz Kerr soliton comb", "book_title": "2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lamb", "given_name": "Erin S.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2430-3615", "clpid": "Lamb-E-S" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "Jordan R.", "clpid": "Stone-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" } ], "abstract": "We generate single Kerr-cavity solitons from a 15 GHz silica resonator. These pulses are compressed in normal dispersion fiber and used to generate a coherent octave-spanning supercontinuum.", "isbn": "978-1-9435-8027-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-05", "pages": "Art. No.-SF1C.4" }, { "id": "authors:78mrh-c2c08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "78mrh-c2c08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180420-112046072", "type": "book_section", "title": "Stokes solitons in optical microcavities", "book_title": "2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A soliton is reported that regenerates by optimizing its Raman interaction with another soliton within a shared optical potential well. The soliton is observed in a high-Q silica optical microcavity.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2017.FTh4D.1", "isbn": "978-1-9435-8027-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-05", "pages": "Art. No. FTh4D.1" }, { "id": "authors:sja2k-zda02", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "sja2k-zda02", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180418-161629983", "type": "book_section", "title": "Single mode dispersive waves and soliton microcomb dynamics", "book_title": "2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Xueyue", "orcid": "0000-0001-8994-0629", "clpid": "Zhang-Xueyue" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Dispersive-wave scattering from dissipative Kerr solitons is induced by spatial-mode interactions within a high-Q micro-resonator. A limiting case, single-mode dispersive waves, are observed and their interaction with the soliton causes hysteretic behavior.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2017.SW4N.2", "isbn": "978-1-9435-8027-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-05", "pages": "Art. No. SW4N.2" }, { "id": "authors:mgb4q-9ce86", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mgb4q-9ce86", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190828-161522447", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dissipative Kerr solitons and microcavity frequency combs (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Ilchenko", "given_name": "Vladimir S.", "clpid": "Ilchenko-V-S" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Kudryashov", "given_name": "Alexis V.", "clpid": "Kudryashov-A-V" }, { "family_name": "Paxton", "given_name": "Alan H.", "clpid": "Paxton-A-H" }, { "family_name": "Ilchenko", "given_name": "Vladimir S.", "clpid": "Ilchenko-V-S" } ], "abstract": "Dissipative Kerr soliton mode locking in high-Q silica micro cavities is reviewed including resonator dispersion optimization. Phenomena relating to soliton propagation in the micro cavity are studied including dispersive wave generation and soliton trapping. Applications of the soliton comb are described.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2255667", "isbn": "9781510606210", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-04-21", "pages": "Art. No. 100900D" }, { "id": "authors:c3arr-ca254", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c3arr-ca254", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-102346194", "type": "article", "title": "Single-mode dispersive waves and soliton microcomb dynamics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Xueyue", "orcid": "0000-0001-8994-0629", "clpid": "Zhang-Xueyue" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Dissipative Kerr solitons are self-sustaining optical wavepackets in resonators. They use the Kerr nonlinearity to both compensate dispersion and offset optical loss. Besides providing insights into nonlinear resonator physics, they can be applied in frequency metrology, precision clocks, and spectroscopy. Like other optical solitons, the dissipative Kerr soliton can radiate power as a dispersive wave through a process that is the optical analogue of Cherenkov radiation. Dispersive waves typically consist of an ensemble of optical modes. Here, a limiting case is studied in which the dispersive wave is concentrated into a single cavity mode. In this limit, its interaction with the soliton induces hysteresis behaviour in the soliton's spectral and temporal properties. Also, an operating point of enhanced repetition-rate stability occurs through balance of dispersive-wave recoil and Raman-induced soliton-self-frequency shift. The single-mode dispersive wave can therefore provide quiet states of soliton comb operation useful in many applications.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms14869", "pmcid": "PMC5376647", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2017-03-23", "volume": "8", "pages": "Art. No. 14869" }, { "id": "authors:pt7wx-bxm63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pt7wx-bxm63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170417-113912169", "type": "article", "title": "Microresonator Brillouin gyroscope", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical-based rotation sensors have revolutionized precision, high-sensitivity inertial navigation systems. At the same time these sensors use bulky optical fiber spools or free-space resonators. A chip-based, micro-optical gyroscope is demonstrated that uses counterpropagating Brillouin lasers to measure rotation as a Sagnac-induced frequency shift. Preliminary work has demonstrated a rotation-rate measurement that surpasses prior micro-optical rotation-sensing systems by over 40-fold.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.4.000346", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2017-03-20", "series_number": "3", "volume": "4", "issue": "3", "pages": "346-348" }, { "id": "authors:y8mmv-wck37", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "y8mmv-wck37", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170613-170302584", "type": "book_section", "title": "Towards an Integrated-Photonics Optical-Frequency Synthesizer With <1 Hz Residual Frequency Noise", "book_title": "Optical Fiber Communication Conference 2017", "author": [ { "family_name": "Spencer", "given_name": "Daryl T.", "clpid": "Spencer-D-T" }, { "family_name": "Bluestone", "given_name": "Aaron", "clpid": "Bluestone-A" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" }, { "family_name": "Briles", "given_name": "Travis C.", "clpid": "Briles-T-C" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Drake", "given_name": "Tara", "clpid": "Drake-T-E" }, { "family_name": "Ilic", "given_name": "Robert", "clpid": "Ilic-R" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Komljenovic", "given_name": "Tin", "clpid": "Komljenovic-T" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung H.", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Qing", "clpid": "Li-Qing" }, { "family_name": "Newbury", "given_name": "Nathan", "clpid": "Newbury-N-R" }, { "family_name": "Norberg", "given_name": "Erik", "clpid": "Norberg-E" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Y.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Pfeiffer", "given_name": "Martin H. P.", "clpid": "Pfeiffer-M-H-P" }, { "family_name": "Sinclair", "given_name": "Laura", "clpid": "Sinclair-L" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "Kartik", "clpid": "Srinivasan-Kartik" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "Jordan", "orcid": "0000-0003-0454-3718", "clpid": "Stone-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Theogarajan", "given_name": "Luke", "clpid": "Theogarajan-L" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Volet", "given_name": "Nicholas", "clpid": "Volet-N" }, { "family_name": "Westly", "given_name": "Daron", "clpid": "Westly-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Kiyoul", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" } ], "abstract": "We introduce an architecture for optical-frequency synthesis using photonic-chip frequency combs and a heterogeneously integrated CW laser. The Kerr dual-comb that we describe offers a microwave-optical link to discipline the laser to an RF clock.", "doi": "10.1364/OFC.2017.M2J.2", "isbn": "978-1-943580-23-1", "publisher": "OSA", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2017-03", "pages": "paper M2J.2" }, { "id": "authors:s6w17-z8a81", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "s6w17-z8a81", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170627-083210864", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dissipative Kerr solitons and microcavity frequency combs (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Kudryashov", "given_name": "Alexis V.", "clpid": "Kudryashov-A-V" }, { "family_name": "Paxton", "given_name": "Alan H.", "clpid": "Paxton-A-H" }, { "family_name": "Ilchenko", "given_name": "Vladimir S.", "clpid": "Ilchenko-V-S" } ], "abstract": "Dissipative Kerr soliton mode locking in high-Q silica micro cavities is reviewed including resonator dispersion optimization. Phenomena relating to soliton propagation in the micro cavity are studied including dispersive wave generation and soliton trapping. Applications of the soliton comb are described.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2255667", "isbn": "978-1-5106-0622-7", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-02-27", "pages": "Art. No. 100900D" }, { "id": "authors:y3p0p-rps13", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "y3p0p-rps13", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170117-112212710", "type": "article", "title": "Coherent ultra-violet to near-infrared generation in silica ridge waveguides", "author": [ { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Fredrick", "given_name": "Connor", "orcid": "0000-0002-0560-1433", "clpid": "Fredrick-Connor" }, { "family_name": "Ycas", "given_name": "Gabriel G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0763-0972", "clpid": "Ycas-Gabriel-G" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-Scott-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Short duration, intense pulses of light can experience dramatic spectral broadening when propagating through lengths of optical fibre. This continuum generation process is caused by a combination of nonlinear optical effects including the formation of dispersive waves. Optical analogues of Cherenkov radiation, these waves allow a pulse to radiate power into a distant spectral region. In this work, efficient and coherent dispersive wave generation of visible to ultraviolet light is demonstrated in silica waveguides on a silicon chip. Unlike fibre broadeners, the arrays provide a wide range of emission wavelength choices on a single, compact chip. This new capability is used to simplify offset frequency measurements of a mode-locked frequency comb. The arrays can also enable mode-locked lasers to attain unprecedented tunable spectral reach for spectroscopy, bioimaging, tomography and metrology.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms13922", "pmcid": "PMC5227738", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2017-01-09", "volume": "8", "pages": "Art. No. 13922" }, { "id": "authors:aaaed-pgr14", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "aaaed-pgr14", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160906-114234660", "type": "article", "title": "Stokes solitons in optical microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Solitons are wave packets that resist dispersion through a self-induced potential well. They are studied in many fields, but are especially well known in optics on account of the relative ease of their formation and control in optical fibre waveguides. Besides their many interesting properties, solitons are important to optical continuum generation, in mode-locked lasers, and have been considered as a natural way to convey data over great distances. Recently, solitons have been realized in microcavities, thereby bringing the power of microfabrication methods to future applications. This work reports a soliton not previously observed in optical systems, the Stokes soliton. The Stokes soliton forms and regenerates by optimizing its Raman interaction in space and time within an optical potential well shared with another soliton. The Stokes and the initial soliton belong to distinct transverse mode families and benefit from a form of soliton trapping that is new to microcavities and soliton lasers in general. The discovery of a new optical soliton can impact work in other areas of photonics, including nonlinear optics and spectroscopy.", "doi": "10.1038/nphys3875", "issn": "1745-2473", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Physics", "publication_date": "2017-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "13", "issue": "1", "pages": "53-57" }, { "id": "authors:xv0rj-6mm44", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xv0rj-6mm44", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161017-142418533", "type": "article", "title": "Microresonator soliton dual-comb spectroscopy", "author": [ { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Measurement of optical and vibrational spectra with high resolution provides a way to identify chemical species in cluttered environments and is of general importance in many fields. Dual-comb spectroscopy has emerged as a powerful approach for acquiring nearly instantaneous Raman and optical spectra with unprecedented resolution. Spectra are generated directly in the electrical domain, without the need for bulky mechanical spectrometers. We demonstrate a miniature soliton-based dual-comb system that can potentially transfer the approach to a chip platform. These devices achieve high-coherence pulsed mode locking. They also feature broad, reproducible spectral envelopes, an essential feature for dual-comb spectroscopy. Our work shows the potential for integrated spectroscopy with high signal-to-noise ratios and fast acquisition rates.", "doi": "10.1126/science.aah6516", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2016-11-04", "series_number": "6312", "volume": "354", "issue": "6312", "pages": "600-603" }, { "id": "authors:01d7w-q9r02", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "01d7w-q9r02", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161114-092947288", "type": "article", "title": "Spatial-mode-interaction-induced dispersive-waves and their active tuning in microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The nonlinear propagation of optical pulses in dielectric waveguides and resonators induces a wide range of remarkable interactions. One example is dispersive-wave generation, the optical analog of Cherenkov radiation. These waves play an essential role in the fiber-optic spectral broadeners used in spectroscopy and metrology. Dispersive waves form when a soliton pulse begins to radiate power as a result of higher-order dispersion. Recently, dispersive-wave generation in microcavities has been reported by phase matching the waves to dissipative Kerr solitons. Here, it is shown that spatial mode interactions within a microcavity can be used to induce dispersive waves. The soliton self-frequency shift is also shown to enable fine tuning control of the dispersive-wave frequency. Both this mechanism and spatial mode interactions allow spectral control of these important waves in microresonators.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.3.001132", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2016-10-20", "series_number": "10", "volume": "3", "issue": "10", "pages": "1132-1135" }, { "id": "authors:xzrhz-taa19", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xzrhz-taa19", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170202-112814299", "type": "book_section", "title": "Stimulated Brillouin Laser Microcavity Gyroscope", "book_title": "2016 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A monolithic micro cavity is used to detect rotations as low as 22 degrees/hour using counter-propagating laser fields. The proof-of-concept gyroscope features an 18mm silica-on-silicon disk resonator with an intrinsic Q factor over 200 million. Cascaded stimulated Brillouin lasing action produces the laser fields.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2016.7831129", "isbn": "978-1-5090-1907-6", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-10", "pages": "345-346" }, { "id": "authors:px471-qrq51", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "px471-qrq51", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160729-111845670", "type": "article", "title": "Theory and measurement of the soliton self-frequency shift and efficiency in optical microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Dissipative Kerr cavity solitons experience a so-called self-frequency shift (SFS) as a result of Raman interactions. The frequency shift has been observed in several microcavity systems. The Raman process has also been shown numerically to influence the soliton pumping efficiency. Here, a perturbed Lagrangian approach is used to derive simple analytical expressions for the SFS and the soliton efficiency. The predicted dependences of these quantities on soliton pulse width are compared with measurements in a high-Q silica microcavity. The Raman time constant in silica is also inferred. Analytical expressions for the Raman SFS and soliton efficiency greatly simplify the prediction of soliton behavior over a wide range of microcavity platforms.", "doi": "10.1364/OL.41.003419", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2016-08-01", "series_number": "15", "volume": "41", "issue": "15", "pages": "3419-3422" }, { "id": "authors:r0zfb-vnj97", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "r0zfb-vnj97", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160921-130758559", "type": "book_section", "title": "New directions for high-Q optical micro-resonators: Soliton-based optical clocks to compact Sagnac gyros", "book_title": "2016 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Like a tuning fork for light, optical resonators have a characteristic set of frequencies at which it is possible to confine light waves. At these frequencies, optical energy can be efficiently stored for lengths of time characterized by the resonator Q factor, roughly the storage time in cycles of oscillation. In the last ten years there has been remarkable progress in boosting this storage time in micro and millimeter-scale optical resonators. Chip-based devices have attained Q factors of nearly 1 billion and micro-machined crystalline devices have provided Qs exceeding 100 billion. The resulting long, energy-storage times combined with small form factors have made it possible to access a wide range of nonlinear phenomena and to create laser devices that operate with remarkably low turn-on powers. Also, new science has resulted from radiation-pressure coupling of optical and mechanical degrees-of-freedom in the resonators themselves.", "doi": "10.1109/OMN.2016.7565874", "isbn": "978-1-5090-1036-3", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-08", "pages": "1-1" }, { "id": "authors:c96w6-t5296", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c96w6-t5296", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160504-102045526", "type": "article", "title": "Phase-coherent microwave-to-optical link with a self-referenced microcomb", "author": [ { "family_name": "Del'Haye", "given_name": "Pascal", "clpid": "Del-Haye-P" }, { "family_name": "Coillet", "given_name": "Aur\u00e9lien", "clpid": "Coillet-A" }, { "family_name": "Fortier", "given_name": "Tara", "clpid": "Fortier-T" }, { "family_name": "Beha", "given_name": "Katja", "clpid": "Beha-K" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" } ], "abstract": "Precise measurements of the frequencies of light waves have become common with mode-locked laser frequency combs1. Despite their huge success, optical frequency combs currently remain bulky and expensive laboratory devices. Integrated photonic microresonators are promising candidates for comb generators in out-of-the-lab applications, with the potential for reductions in cost, power consumption and size. Such advances will significantly impact fields ranging from spectroscopy and trace gas sensing to astronomy, communications and atomic time-keeping. Yet, in spite of the remarkable progress shown over recent years, microresonator frequency combs ('microcombs') have been without the key function of direct f\u20132f self-referencing, which enables precise determination of the absolute frequency of each comb line. Here, we realize this missing element using a 16.4\u2005GHz microcomb that is coherently broadened to an octave-spanning spectrum and subsequently fully phase-stabilized to an atomic clock. We show phase-coherent control of the comb and demonstrate its low-noise operation.", "doi": "10.1038/nphoton.2016.105", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2016-08", "series_number": "8", "volume": "10", "issue": "8", "pages": "516-520" }, { "id": "authors:tk1bd-t5j77", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "tk1bd-t5j77", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-131925503", "type": "book_section", "title": "Demonstration of a Soliton Frequency Comb in a High-Q Silica Microresonator", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2016", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Temporal cavity solitons with a detectable repetition rate are generated in a high-Q silica microresonator. A technique for long-term stabilization of the soliton train is demonstrated and used to measure soliton properties for comparison with theory.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.STu3Q.5", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America (OSA)", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. STu3Q.5" }, { "id": "authors:2522j-0vt81", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2522j-0vt81", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-131508035", "type": "book_section", "title": "Stabilizing multiple solitons in Kerr microresonator frequency combs", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2016", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lamb", "given_name": "Erin S.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2430-3615", "clpid": "Lamb-E-S" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Del'Haye", "given_name": "Pascal", "clpid": "Del-Haye-P" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" } ], "abstract": "We explore highly ordered configurations of up to 27 Kerr-cavity solitons in a silica disk microresonator. Our work relaxes thermal stability requirements for Kerr-soliton generation, and suggests a mechanism that mediates soliton interactions.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.SW1E.3", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America (OSA)", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. SW1E.3" }, { "id": "authors:bmz1f-way81", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "bmz1f-way81", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170213-151106961", "type": "book_section", "title": "Micro cavities for soliton frequency combs and optical clocks", "book_title": "2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Progress on soliton frequency microcombs is described including review of dissipative Kerr microcavity soliton physics. Applications including integrated optical clocks, microwave sources and optical synthesizers are discussed.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.STu3G.1", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. STu3G.1" }, { "id": "authors:cbs1m-a0064", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cbs1m-a0064", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170112-080228085", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-High-Q Silica-on-Silicon Ridge-Ring-Resonator with an Integrated Silicon Nitride Waveguide", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2016", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seung Hoon", "clpid": "Lee-Seung-Hoon" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A microcavity resonator having a Q factor exceeding 100 million and featuring a monolithic silicon nitride waveguide is demonstrated. This device enables full integration of\nultra-high-Q resonators with other photonic components.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_AT.2016.JTh4B.7", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America (OSA)", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. JTh4B.7" }, { "id": "authors:e62q8-3m694", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "e62q8-3m694", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170110-103657367", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dispersion engineered high-Q resonators on a chip", "book_title": "2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Beha", "given_name": "Katja", "clpid": "Beha-K" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Dan", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Del'Haye", "given_name": "Pascal", "clpid": "Del'Haye-P" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate dispersion control in optical resonators over an octave of optical bandwidth. Dispersion is engineered lithographically and Q factor is maintained above 100 million, which is critical for efficient nonlinear devices such as microcombs.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.STu4Q.5", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:g9bxw-gy848", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "g9bxw-gy848", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-134536270", "type": "book_section", "title": "On-chip UV dispersive wave generation", "book_title": "2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "D. Y.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "K. Y.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "UV dispersive wave generation is demonstrated using a silica ridge waveguide. The short wavelength edge of the spectrum reaches 320 nm and the phase matching condition can be engineered to tune the emission from 320 - 580 nm.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.SF2O.4", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:49kxa-y4m84", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "49kxa-y4m84", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160531-095510063", "type": "article", "title": "Active capture and stabilization of temporal solitons in microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Soliton mode locking and femtosecond pulse generation\nhave recently been demonstrated in high-Q optical microcavities\nand provide a new way to miniaturize frequency comb\nsystems, as well as create integrated comb systems on a chip.\nHowever, triggering the mode-locking process is complicated\nby a well-known thermal hysteresis that can destabilize the\nsolitons. Moreover, on a longer time scale, thermal drifting of\nthe cavity resonant frequency relative to the pumping frequency\ncauses loss of mode locking. In this Letter, an active\nfeedback method is used both to capture specific soliton\nstates and to stabilize the states indefinitely. The capture\nand stabilization method provides a reliable way to overcome\nthermal effects during soliton formation and to excite a desired\nnumber of circulating cavity solitons. It is also used to\ndemonstrate a low pumping power of 22 mW for generation\nof microwave-repetition-rate solitons on a chip.", "doi": "10.1364/OL.41.002037", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2016-05-01", "series_number": "9", "volume": "41", "issue": "9", "pages": "2037-2040" }, { "id": "authors:eq0a5-78b27", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "eq0a5-78b27", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151015-100348766", "type": "article", "title": "Broadband dispersion-engineered microresonator on a chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Beha", "given_name": "Katja", "clpid": "Beha-K" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Del'Haye", "given_name": "Pascal", "clpid": "Del-Haye-P" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The control of dispersion in fibre optical waveguides is of critical importance to optical fibre communications systems and more recently for continuum generation from the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared. The wavelength at which the group velocity dispersion crosses zero can be set by varying the fibre core diameter or index step. Moreover, sophisticated methods to manipulate higher-order dispersion so as to shape and even flatten the dispersion over wide bandwidths are possible using multi-cladding fibres. Here we introduce design and fabrication techniques that allow analogous dispersion control in chip-integrated optical microresonators, and thereby demonstrate higher-order, wide-bandwidth dispersion control over an octave of spectrum. Importantly, the fabrication method we employ for dispersion control simultaneously permits optical Q factors above 100 million, which is critical for the efficient operation of nonlinear optical oscillators. Dispersion control in high-Q systems has become of great importance in recent years with increased interest in chip-integrable optical frequency combs.", "doi": "10.1038/nphoton.2016.36", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2016-05", "series_number": "5", "volume": "10", "issue": "5", "pages": "316-320" }, { "id": "authors:3gty7-6ea44", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3gty7-6ea44", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160913-082109386", "type": "book_section", "title": "New directions for optical frequency division: Soliton microcombs and electro-optical-modulation", "book_title": "2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical frequency division based on mode-locked laser frequency combs makes possible the coherent transfer of frequency stability from optical systems to electronics. It has enabled a revolution in time keeping and frequency metrology. In this paper we describe progress on new methods for frequency comb generation including whispering-gallery-based microcombs and electro-optical comb generation. Demonstration of optical frequency division to produce stable microwaves using these new approaches will be discussed.", "doi": "10.1109/FCS.2016.7546780", "isbn": "978-1-5090-2092-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-05", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:fzvx6-bgh36", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "fzvx6-bgh36", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160913-084344253", "type": "book_section", "title": "Chip-scale optical resonator enabled synthesizer (CORES) miniature systems for optical frequency synthesis", "book_title": "2016 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (IFCS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "J. E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296", "clpid": "Bowers-J-E" }, { "family_name": "Beling", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Beling-A" }, { "family_name": "Blumenthal", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Blumenthal-D" }, { "family_name": "Bluestone", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Bluestone-A" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Bowers-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Briles", "given_name": "T. C.", "clpid": "Briles-T-C" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "L.", "clpid": "Chang-L" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "S. A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Fish", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Fish-G" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Guo-Hao" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Komljenovic", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Komljenovic-T" }, { "family_name": "Norberg", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Norberg-E" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Pfeiffer", "given_name": "M. H. P.", "clpid": "Pfeiffer-M-H-P" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "K.", "clpid": "Srinivasan-Kartik" }, { "family_name": "Theogarajan", "given_name": "L.", "clpid": "Theogarajan-L" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Volet", "given_name": "N.", "clpid": "Volet-N" } ], "abstract": "An approach for a low-power chip-scale package is described, that provides a laser output with a programmable frequency across 50 nm of bandwidth centered at 1550 nm, and a resolution of one part in 10^(14).", "doi": "10.1109/FCS.2016.7546782", "isbn": "978-1-5090-2092-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-05", "pages": "1-5" }, { "id": "authors:c7kx8-vqs55", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c7kx8-vqs55", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160127-134555479", "type": "article", "title": "Demonstration of a near-IR line-referenced electro-optical laser frequency comb for precision radial velocity measurements in astronomy", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "X.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-Scott-A" }, { "family_name": "Ycas", "given_name": "Gabriel G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0763-0972", "clpid": "Ycas-Gabriel-G" }, { "family_name": "Plavchan", "given_name": "Peter", "orcid": "0000-0002-8864-1667", "clpid": "Plavchan-Peter" }, { "family_name": "Leifer", "given_name": "S. D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8980-7825", "clpid": "Leifer-Stephanie-D" }, { "family_name": "Sandhu", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Sandhu-J-S" }, { "family_name": "Vasisht", "given_name": "Gautam", "orcid": "0000-0002-1871-6264", "clpid": "Vasisht-Gautam" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Chen-P" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Gao-J" }, { "family_name": "Furlan", "given_name": "E.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9800-6248", "clpid": "Furlan-Elise" }, { "family_name": "Bottom", "given_name": "M.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1341-5531", "clpid": "Bottom-Michael" }, { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "E. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0618-5128", "clpid": "Martin-Emily-C" }, { "family_name": "Fitzgerald", "given_name": "Michael P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0176-8973", "clpid": "Fitzgerald-Michael-P" }, { "family_name": "Doppmann", "given_name": "Greg W.", "clpid": "Doppmann-Greg-W" }, { "family_name": "Beichman", "given_name": "C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5627-5471", "clpid": "Beichman-Charles-A" } ], "abstract": "An important technique for discovering and characterizing planets beyond our solar system relies upon measurement of weak Doppler shifts in the spectra of host stars induced by the influence of orbiting planets. A recent advance has been the introduction of optical frequency combs as frequency references. Frequency combs produce a series of equally spaced reference frequencies and they offer extreme accuracy and spectral grasp that can potentially revolutionize exoplanet detection. Here we demonstrate a laser frequency comb using an alternate comb generation method based on electro-optical modulation, with the comb centre wavelength stabilized to a molecular or atomic reference. In contrast to mode-locked combs, the line spacing is readily resolvable using typical astronomical grating spectrographs. Built using commercial off-the-shelf components, the instrument is relatively simple and reliable. Proof of concept experiments operated at near-infrared wavelengths were carried out at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the Keck-II telescope.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms10436", "pmcid": "PMC4737846", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2016-01-27", "volume": "7", "pages": "Art. No. 10436" }, { "id": "authors:3j5nh-ktt26", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3j5nh-ktt26", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160115-120613011", "type": "article", "title": "Soliton frequency comb at microwave rates in a high-Q silica microresonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Frequency combs are having a broad impact on science and technology because they provide a way to coherently link radio/microwave-rate electrical signals with optical-rate signals derived from lasers and atomic transitions. Integrating these systems on a photonic chip would revolutionize instrumentation, time keeping, spectroscopy, navigation, and potentially create new mass-market applications. A key element of such a system-on-a-chip will be a mode-locked comb that can be self-referenced. The recent demonstration of soliton mode locking in crystalline and silicon nitride microresonators has provided a way to both mode lock and generate femtosecond time-scale pulses. Here, soliton mode locking is demonstrated in high-", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.2.001078", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2015-12", "series_number": "12", "volume": "2", "issue": "12", "pages": "1078-1085" }, { "id": "authors:p0tjt-46e18", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p0tjt-46e18", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180122-130621983", "type": "monograph", "title": "Phase Coherent Link of an Atomic Clock to a Self-Referenced Microresonator Frequency Comb", "author": [ { "family_name": "Del'Haye", "given_name": "Pascal", "clpid": "Del'Haye-P" }, { "family_name": "Coillet", "given_name": "Aur\u00e9lien", "clpid": "Coillet-A" }, { "family_name": "Fortier", "given_name": "Tara", "clpid": "Fortier-T" }, { "family_name": "Beha", "given_name": "Katja", "clpid": "Beha-K" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" } ], "abstract": "The counting and control of optical cycles of light has become common with modelocked laser frequency combs. But even with advances in laser technology, modelocked laser combs remain bulk-component devices that are hand-assembled. In contrast, a frequency comb based on the Kerr-nonlinearity in a dielectric microresonator will enable frequency comb functionality in a micro-fabricated and chip-integrated package suitable for use in a wide-range of environments. Such an advance will significantly impact fields ranging from spectroscopy and trace gas sensing, to astronomy, communications, atomic time keeping and photonic data processing. Yet in spite of the remarkable progress shown over the past years, microresonator frequency combs (\"microcombs\") have still been without the key function of direct f-2f self-referencing and phase-coherent frequency control that will be critical for enabling their full potential. Here we realize these missing elements using a low-noise 16.4 GHz silicon chip microcomb that is coherently broadened from its initial 1550 nm wavelength and subsequently f-2f self-referenced and phase-stabilized to an atomic clock. With this advance, we not only realize the highest repetition rate octave-span frequency comb ever achieved, but we highlight the low-noise microcomb properties that support highest atomic clock limited frequency stability.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1511.08103", "publication_date": "2015-11-25" }, { "id": "authors:6qts1-9xt55", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6qts1-9xt55", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160404-091735690", "type": "monograph", "title": "Generation of high-stability solitons at microwave rates on a silicon chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Qi-Fan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7036-1712", "clpid": "Yang-Qi-Fan" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Because they coherently link radio/microwave-rate electrical signals with optical-rate signals derived from lasers and atomic transitions, frequency combs are having a remarkably broad impact on science and technology. Integrating these systems on a photonic chip would revolutionize instrumentation, time keeping, spectroscopy, navigation and potentially create new mass-market applications. A key element of such a system-on-a-chip will be a mode-locked comb that can be self-referenced. The recent demonstration of soliton pulses from a microresonator has placed this goal within reach. However, to provide the requisite link between microwave and optical rate signals soliton generation must occur within the bandwidth of electronic devices. So far this is possible in crystalline devices, but not chip-based devices. Here, a monolithic comb that generates electronic-rate soliton pulses is demonstrated.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1508.00170", "publication_date": "2015-08-01" }, { "id": "authors:j573z-dg254", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "j573z-dg254", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-155238591", "type": "book_section", "title": "Electro-optical frequency division and stable microwave synthesis", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A new method of optical frequency division is demonstrated using a tunable electrical oscillator to create combs through phase modulation of a dual Brillouin laser frequency reference. The method is used to generate stable microwaves.", "doi": "10.1364/NLO.2015.NM1A.4", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication_date": "2015-05" }, { "id": "authors:8aa6j-z8q63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8aa6j-z8q63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160325-132307558", "type": "book_section", "title": "Low-noise stimulated Brillouin lasing in a microrod resonator", "book_title": "2015 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Loh", "given_name": "William", "clpid": "Loh-William" }, { "family_name": "Becker", "given_name": "Joe", "clpid": "Becker-J" }, { "family_name": "Baynes", "given_name": "Frederick N.", "clpid": "Baynes-F-N" }, { "family_name": "Green", "given_name": "Adam A. S.", "clpid": "Green-A-A-S" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Quinlan", "given_name": "Franklyn J.", "clpid": "Quinlan-F-J" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a Brillouin microcavity laser based on a microrod resonator exhibiting a frequency noise of 140 HZ/\u221aHz at 10 Hz offset. The corresponding laser linewidth is measured to be below 400 Hz.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2015.STu1I.8", "isbn": "978-1-55752-968-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2015-05", "pages": "Art. No. STu1I.8" }, { "id": "authors:26n1e-1rx15", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "26n1e-1rx15", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150427-131623097", "type": "article", "title": "Dual-microcavity narrow-linewidth Brillouin laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Loh", "given_name": "William", "clpid": "Loh-William" }, { "family_name": "Green", "given_name": "Adam A. S.", "clpid": "Green-A-A-S" }, { "family_name": "Baynes", "given_name": "Fred N.", "clpid": "Baynes-F-N" }, { "family_name": "Cole", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6360-1319", "clpid": "Cole-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Quinlan", "given_name": "Franklyn J.", "clpid": "Quinlan-F-J" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" } ], "abstract": "Ultralow-noise yet tunable lasers are a revolutionary tool in precision spectroscopy, displacement measurements at the standard quantum limit, and the development of advanced optical atomic clocks. Further applications include lidar, coherent communications, frequency synthesis, and precision sensors of strain, motion, and temperature. While all applications benefit from lower frequency noise, many also require a laser that is robust and compact. Here, we introduce a dual-microcavity laser that leverages one chip-integrable silica microresonator to generate tunable 1550 nm laser light via stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and a second microresonator for frequency stabilization of the SBS light. This configuration reduces the fractional frequency noise to 7.8\u00d710^(\u221214)\u2009\u20091/\u221aHz at 10 Hz offset, which is a new regime of noise performance for a microresonator-based laser. Our system also features terahertz tunability and the potential for chip-level integration. We demonstrate the utility of our dual-microcavity laser by performing spectral linewidth measurements with hertz-level resolution.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.2.000225", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2015-03", "series_number": "3", "volume": "2", "issue": "3", "pages": "225-232" }, { "id": "authors:cycyz-evv94", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cycyz-evv94", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150112-100244631", "type": "book_section", "title": "Pump frequency noise coupling into a microcavity by thermo-optic locking", "book_title": "2014 IEEE Photonics Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Laser-microcavity relative frequency fluctuations caused by thermal locking are studied. The locking of laser-microcavity detuning causes microcavity temperature fluctuations that transfer pump frequency noise onto the microcavity modes within the thermal locking bandwidth.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2014.6995356", "isbn": "978-1-4577-1504-4", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2014-10", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:dwmn0-wjn94", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dwmn0-wjn94", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140620-094300984", "type": "article", "title": "Electro-optical frequency division and stable microwave synthesis", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Yi", "given_name": "Xu", "orcid": "0000-0002-2485-1104", "clpid": "Yi-Xu" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical frequency division using frequency combs has revolutionized time keeping and the generation of stable microwave signals. We demonstrate optical frequency division and microwave generation by using a tunable electrical oscillator to create dual combs through phase modulation of two optical signals having a stable difference frequency. Phase-locked control of the electrical oscillator by optical frequency division produces stable microwaves. Our approach transposes the oscillator and frequency reference of a conventional microwave frequency synthesizer. In this way, the oscillator experiences large phase noise reduction relative to the frequency reference. The electro-optical approach additionally relaxes the need for highly-linear photodetection of the comb mode spacing. Besides simplicity, the technique is also tunable and scalable to higher division ratios.", "doi": "10.1126/science.1252909", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2014-07-18", "series_number": "6194", "volume": "345", "issue": "6194", "pages": "309-313" }, { "id": "authors:7bkz7-t3k49", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7bkz7-t3k49", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140723-154440368", "type": "article", "title": "Microresonator frequency comb optical clock", "author": [ { "family_name": "Papp", "given_name": "Scott B.", "clpid": "Papp-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Beha", "given_name": "Katja", "clpid": "Beha-K" }, { "family_name": "Del'Haye", "given_name": "Pascal", "clpid": "Del-Haye-P" }, { "family_name": "Quinlan", "given_name": "Franklyn", "clpid": "Quinlan-F" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" } ], "abstract": "Optical frequency combs serve as the clockwork of optical clocks, which are now the best time-keeping systems in existence. The use of precise optical time and frequency technology in various applications beyond the research lab remains a significant challenge, but one that integrated microresonator technology is poised to address. Here, we report a silicon-chip-based microresonator comb optical clock that converts an optical frequency reference to a microwave signal. A comb spectrum with a 25 THz span is generated with a 2 mm diameter silica disk and broadening in nonlinear fiber. This spectrum is stabilized to rubidium frequency references separated by 3.5 THz by controlling two teeth 108 modes apart. The optical clock's output is the electronically countable 33 GHz microcomb line spacing, which features stability better than the rubidium transitions by the expected factor of 108. Our work demonstrates the comprehensive set of tools needed for interfacing microcombs to state-of-the-art optical clocks.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.1.000010", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2014-07", "series_number": "1", "volume": "1", "issue": "1", "pages": "10-14" }, { "id": "authors:cpccx-4py89", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cpccx-4py89", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140731-135551283", "type": "article", "title": "Pump frequency noise coupling into a microcavity by thermo-optic locking", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "As thermo-optic locking is widely used to establish a stable frequency detuning between an external laser and a high Q microcavity, it is important to understand how this method affects microcavity temperature and frequency fluctuations. A theoretical analysis of the laser-microcavity frequency fluctuations is presented and used to find the spectral dependence of the suppression of laser-microcavity, relative frequency noise caused by thermo-optic locking. The response function is that of a high-pass filter with a bandwidth and low-frequency suppression that increase with input power. The results are verified using an external-cavity diode laser and a silica disk resonator. The locking of relative frequency fluctuations causes temperature fluctuations within the microcavity that transfer pump frequency noise onto the microcavity modes over the thermal locking bandwidth. This transfer is verified experimentally. These results are important to investigations of noise properties in many nonlinear microcavity experiments in which low-frequency, optical-pump frequency noise must be considered.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.22.014559", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2014-06-16", "series_number": "12", "volume": "22", "issue": "12", "pages": "14559-14567" }, { "id": "authors:segza-kv444", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "segza-kv444", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150109-093939447", "type": "book_section", "title": "Supercontinuum Generation in a Silica Spiral Waveguide", "book_title": "2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Sell", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Sell-D" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A low-loss silica spiral waveguide is used for demonstrating on-chip supercontinuum generation. The broadest measured spectrum spans an octave (936 \u2013 1888 nm) at \u221250 dB from peak when 2.17 nJ pulses are launched.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.STh1I.3", "isbn": "978-1-55752-999-2", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2014-06", "pages": "Art. No. STh1I.3" }, { "id": "authors:f4spp-ars50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "f4spp-ars50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140516-085207702", "type": "article", "title": "Design and characterization of whispering-gallery spiral waveguides", "author": [ { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Whispering gallery delay lines have demonstrated record propagation length on a silicon chip and can provide a way to transfer certain applications of optical fiber to wafer-based systems. Their design and fabrication requires careful control of waveguide curvature and etching conditions to minimize connection losses between elements of the delay line. Moreover, loss characterization based on optical backscatter requires normalization to account for the impact of curvature on backscatter rate. In this paper we provide details on design of Archimedean whispering-gallery spiral waveguides, their coupling into cascaded structures, as well as optical loss characterization by optical backscatter reflectometry.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.22.005196", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2014-03-10", "series_number": "5", "volume": "22", "issue": "5", "pages": "5196-5208" }, { "id": "authors:n6pvc-0ye91", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n6pvc-0ye91", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140401-141149777", "type": "article", "title": "Supercontinuum generation in an on-chip silica waveguide", "author": [ { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Yoon", "orcid": "0000-0001-6716-1851", "clpid": "Oh-Dong-Yoon" }, { "family_name": "Sell", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Sell-D" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Supercontinuum generation is demonstrated in an on-chip silica spiral waveguide by launching 180 fs pulses from an optical parametric oscillator at the center wavelength of 1330 nm. With a coupled pulse energy of 2.17 nJ, the broadest spectrum in the fundamental TM mode extends from 936 to 1888 nm (162 THz) at \u221250\u2009\u2009dB from peak. There is a good agreement between the measured spectrum and a simulation using a generalized nonlinear Schr\u00f6dinger equation.", "doi": "10.1364/OL.39.001046", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2014-02-15", "series_number": "4", "volume": "39", "issue": "4", "pages": "1046-1048" }, { "id": "authors:1gyre-98w39", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1gyre-98w39", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140207-085658118", "type": "article", "title": "Low-noise Brillouin laser on a chip at 1064 nm", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-J" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "clpid": "Lee-H" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate narrow-linewidth-stimulated Brillouin lasers at 1064 nm from ultra-high-Q silica wedge disk resonators on silicon. Fundamental Schawlow\u2013Townes frequency noise of the laser is on the order of 0.1\u2009\u2009Hz^2/Hz. The technical noise spectrum of the on-chip Brillouin laser is close to the thermodynamic noise limit of the resonator (thermorefractive noise) and is comparable to that of ultra-narrow-linewidth Nd:YAG lasers. The relative intensity noise of the Brillouin laser also is reduced by using an intensity-stabilized pump laser. Finally, low-noise microwave synthesis up to 32 GHz is demonstrated by heterodyne of first and third Brillouin Stokes lines from a single resonator.", "doi": "10.1364/OL.39.000287", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2014-01-15", "series_number": "2", "volume": "39", "issue": "2", "pages": "287-290" }, { "id": "authors:nwtxg-70584", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nwtxg-70584", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130925-141129867", "type": "article", "title": "Spiral resonators for on-chip laser frequency stabilization", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Suh", "given_name": "Myoung-Gyun", "orcid": "0000-0002-9527-0585", "clpid": "Suh-Myoung-Gyun" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Diddams", "given_name": "Scott A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2144-0764", "clpid": "Diddams-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Frequency references are indispensable to radio, microwave and time keeping systems, with\nfar reaching applications in navigation, communication, remote sensing and basic science.\nOver the past decade, there has been an optical revolution in time keeping and microwave\ngeneration that promises to ultimately impact all of these areas. Indeed, the most precise\nclocks and lowest noise microwave signals are now based on a laser with short-term stability\nderived from a reference cavity. In spite of the tremendous progress, these systems remain\nessentially laboratory devices and there is interest in their miniaturization, even towards on-chip\nsystems. Here we describe a chip-based optical reference cavity that uses spatial\naveraging of thermorefractive noise to enhance resonator stability. Stabilized fibre lasers\nexhibit relative Allan deviation of 3.9x10^-13 at 400 micro\u00b5s averaging time and an effective\nlinewidth <100 Hz by achieving over 26 dB of phase-noise reduction.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms3468", "pmcid": "PMC3778514", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2013-09", "series_number": "9", "volume": "4", "issue": "9", "pages": "Art. No 2468" }, { "id": "authors:t6x25-xpk14", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t6x25-xpk14", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130916-155446100", "type": "article", "title": "Microwave synthesizer using an on-chip Brillouin oscillator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Low-phase-noise microwave oscillators are important to a wide range of subjects, including\ncommunications, radar and metrology. Photonic-based microwave-wave sources now provide\nrecord, close-to-carrier phase-noise performance, and compact sources using microcavities\nare available commercially. Photonics-based solutions address a challenging scaling problem\nin electronics, increasing attenuation with frequency. A second scaling challenge, however, is\nto maintain low phase noise in reduced form factor and even integrated systems. On this\nsecond front, there has been remarkable progress in the area of microcavity devices with\nlarge storage time (high optical quality factor). Here we report generation of highly coherent\nmicrowaves using a chip-based device that derives stability from high optical quality factor.\nThe device has a record low electronic white-phase-noise floor for a microcavity-based\noscillator and is used as the optical, voltage-controlled oscillator in the first demonstration of\na photonic-based, microwave frequency synthesizer. The synthesizer performance is comparable\nto mid-range commercial devices.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms3097", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2013-06", "series_number": "4", "volume": "2013", "issue": "4", "pages": "Art. No. 2097" }, { "id": "authors:7g0vg-pwr74", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7g0vg-pwr74", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130226-152436926", "type": "article", "title": "Thermal stress in silica-on-silicon disk resonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The thermal expansion mismatch of thermal grown silica on a silicon wafer is well known to induce compressive stress upon cooling from the growth temperature to room temperature. In this Letter, we investigate how this stress impacts silica disk structures by comparison of measurements with both a finite element and an analytical model. The disk structures studied are also whispering gallery optical resonators, and proper control of stress is critical to obtain high-Q resonances. Based on our analysis, thicker oxide layers and proper control of undercut enable ultra-high-Q optical performance and mechanical stability.", "doi": "10.1063/1.4789370", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2013-01-21", "series_number": "3", "volume": "102", "issue": "3", "pages": "Art. No. 031113" }, { "id": "authors:9r90q-32x05", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9r90q-32x05", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130110-084223375", "type": "article", "title": "Low-Pump-Power, Low-Phase-Noise, and Microwave to Millimeter-Wave Repetition Rate Operation in Microcombs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Microresonator-based frequency combs (microcombs or Kerr combs) can potentially miniaturize the numerous applications of conventional frequency combs. A priority is the realization of broadband (ideally octave spanning) spectra at detectable repetition rates for comb self-referencing. However, access to these rates involves pumping larger mode volumes and hence higher threshold powers. Moreover, threshold power sets both the scale for power per comb tooth and also the optical pump. Along these lines, it is shown that a class of resonators having surface-loss-limited Q factors can operate over a wide range of repetition rates with minimal variation in threshold power. A new, surface-loss-limited resonator illustrates the idea. Comb generation on mode spacings ranging from 2.6 to 220 GHz with overall low threshold power (as low as 1 mW) is demonstrated. A record number of comb lines for a microcomb (around 1900) is also observed with pump power of 200 mW. The ability to engineer a wide range of repetition rates with these devices is also used to investigate a recently observed mechanism in microcombs associated with dispersion of subcomb offset frequencies. We observe high-coherence phase locking in cases where these offset frequencies are small enough so as to be tuned into coincidence. In these cases, a record-low microcomb phase noise is reported at a level comparable to an open-loop, high-performance microwave oscillator.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.233901", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2012-12-04", "series_number": "23", "volume": "109", "issue": "23", "pages": "Art. No. 233901" }, { "id": "authors:2kevj-64504", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2kevj-64504", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130118-145853804", "type": "article", "title": "Sideband spectroscopy and dispersion measurement in microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The measurement of dispersion and its control have become important considerations in nonlinear devices based on microcavities. A sideband technique is applied here to accurately measure dispersion in a microcavity resulting from both geometrical and material contributions. Moreover, by combining the method with finite element simulations, we show that mapping of spectral lines to their corresponding transverse mode families is possible. The method is applicable for high-Q, micro-cavities having microwave rate free spectral range and has a relative precision of 5.5 \u00d7 10^(\u22126) for a 2 mm disk cavity with FSR of 32.9382 GHz and Q of 150 million.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.20.026337", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2012-11-19", "series_number": "24", "volume": "20", "issue": "24", "pages": "26337-26350" }, { "id": "authors:8jjz1-c9e87", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8jjz1-c9e87", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121017-133908832", "type": "book_section", "title": "Microcavity Brillouin laser with high coherence", "book_title": "2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The first chip-based stimulated Brillouin laser (SBL) is demonstrated. It has efficiency of 90% and exhibits record coherence for an on-chip device, featuring Schawlow-Townes frequency noise of 60 milliHz^2/Hz. Low technical noise is also observed.", "isbn": "978-1-4673-1839-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2012-10-17", "pages": "Art. No. CW3K.6" }, { "id": "authors:zq8jp-vha25", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zq8jp-vha25", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121016-152456173", "type": "book_section", "title": "27-meter-long ultra-low-loss optical delay line on a silicon chip", "book_title": "2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Using a wet etch process, 27 meter long waveguides having optical loss of less than 0.1dB/m are demonstrated. Resonator measurements show that this loss value can be reduced to 0.037 dB/m.", "isbn": "978-1-4673-1839-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2012-10-17", "pages": "Art. No. CTu3I.1" }, { "id": "authors:xbbrw-tbc76", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xbbrw-tbc76", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121016-143056808", "type": "book_section", "title": "Chip-based frequency comb with microwave repetition rate", "book_title": "2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A silicon-chip microcomb accessing the important microwave-rate FSR range is reported. A broadband microcomb with rep rate 33GHz and span 66THz is shown with pump power of 200mW. Microcombs with rep rates ranging from 132GHz to 2.6GHz are demonstrated.", "isbn": "978-1-4673-1839-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2012-10-17", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:e1pyr-9p107", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "e1pyr-9p107", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121016-134425846", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-high-Q wedge resonators with precise FSR control", "book_title": "2012 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical resonators with Q values of nearly 1 billion are demonstrated, the highest for any chip-based devices. Fabrication uses only standard semiconductor processes, enabling precise size control and access to microwave-rate free-spectral-range operation.", "isbn": "978-1-4673-1839-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2012-10-17", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:4xcph-hry80", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4xcph-hry80", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121101-083137362", "type": "article", "title": "A general design algorithm for low optical loss adiabatic connections in waveguides", "author": [ { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Single-mode waveguide designs frequently support higher order transverse modes, usually as a consequence of process limitations such as lithography. In these systems, it is important to minimize coupling to higher-order modes so that the system nonetheless behaves single mode. We propose a variational approach to design adiabatic waveguide connections with minimal intermodal coupling. An application of this algorithm in designing the \"S-bend\" of a whispering-gallery spiral waveguide is demonstrated with approximately 0.05dB insertion loss. Compared to other approaches, our algorithm requires less fabrication resolution and is able to minimize the transition loss over a broadband spectrum. The method can be applied to a wide range of turns and connections and has the advantage of handling connections with arbitrary boundary conditions.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.20.022819", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2012-09-24", "series_number": "20", "volume": "20", "issue": "20", "pages": "22819-22829" }, { "id": "authors:rgrz1-jge78", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rgrz1-jge78", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130308-100318046", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-low-loss delay lines and resonators on a silicon chip", "book_title": "2012 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A monolithic, 27-meter long waveguide having optical loss of less than 0.1dB/m is demonstrated. The same process produces resonators having Q factors as high as 875 million. Applications are reviewed.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2012.6358721", "isbn": "978-1-4577-0731-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2012-09", "pages": "518-519" }, { "id": "authors:ck5b4-aqt90", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ck5b4-aqt90", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130308-094240934", "type": "book_section", "title": "Chemically-Etched Ultra-High-Q Micro-Cavities on a Silicon Chip", "book_title": "2012 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical resonators with quality factor as high as\n875 million are demonstrated. These silicon-chip-based devices\nare fabricated using only lithography and chemical etching,\nthereby expanding integration opportunities and possible applications.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2012.6358592", "isbn": "978-1-4577-0731-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2012-09", "pages": "262-263" }, { "id": "authors:nvr0c-h9m82", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nvr0c-h9m82", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121101-090149947", "type": "article", "title": "Characterization of a high coherence, Brillouin microcavity laser on silicon", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Recently, a high efficiency, narrow-linewidth, chip-based stimulated Brillouin laser (SBL) was demonstrated using an ultra-high-Q, silica-on-silicon resonator. In this work, this novel laser is more fully characterized. The Schawlow Townes linewidth formula for Brillouin laser operation is derived and compared to linewidth data, and the fitting is used to measure the mechanical thermal quanta contribution to the Brillouin laser linewidth. A study of laser mode pulling by the Brillouin optical gain spectrum is also presented, and high-order, cascaded operation of the SBL is demonstrated. Potential application of these devices to microwave sources and phase-coherent communication is discussed.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.20.020170", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2012-08-27", "series_number": "18", "volume": "20", "issue": "18", "pages": "20170-20180" }, { "id": "authors:rvnzj-x9v98", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rvnzj-x9v98", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120103-110617539", "type": "article", "title": "Chemically etched ultrahigh-Q wedge-resonator on a silicon chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Ki Youl", "orcid": "0000-0002-0587-3201", "clpid": "Yang-Ki-Youl" }, { "family_name": "Jeon", "given_name": "Seokmin", "orcid": "0000-0002-1230-906X", "clpid": "Jeon-Seokmin" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Ultrahigh-Q optical resonators are being studied across a wide range of fields, including quantum information, nonlinear optics, cavity optomechanics and telecommunications. Here, we demonstrate a new resonator with a record Q-factor of 875 million for on-chip devices. The fabrication of our device avoids the requirement for a specialized processing step, which in microtoroid resonators8 has made it difficult to control their size and achieve millimetre- and centimetre-scale diameters. Attaining these sizes is important in applications such as microcombs and potentially also in rotation sensing. As an application of size control, stimulated Brillouin lasers incorporating our device are demonstrated. The resonators not only set a new benchmark for the Q-factor on a chip, but also provide, for the first time, full compatibility of this important device class with conventional semiconductor processing. This feature will greatly expand the range of possible 'system on a chip' functions enabled by ultrahigh-Q devices.", "doi": "10.1038/NPHOTON.2012.109", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2012-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "6", "issue": "6", "pages": "369-373" }, { "id": "authors:zk8wf-h7r73", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zk8wf-h7r73", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120625-102405306", "type": "article", "title": "Ultra-low-loss optical delay line on a silicon chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Light propagation through an optical fibre causes a long, non-resonant (true) time delay used in numerous applications. In contrast to how it is deployed in optical communication systems, fibre is coiled in these applications to reduce footprint. This is a configuration better suited for a chip-based waveguide that would improve shock resistance, and afford the possibility of integration for system-on-a-chip functionality. However, integrated waveguide attenuation rates lag far behind the corresponding rates of optical fibre, featuring attenuation many orders larger. Here we demonstrate a monolithic waveguide as long as 27 m (39 m optical path length), and featuring broadband loss rate values of (0.08\u00b10.01) dB m^(\u22121) measured over 7 m by optical backscatter. Resonator measurements show a further reduction of loss to 0.037 dB m^(\u22121), close to that of optical fibres when first considered a viable technology. Scaling this waveguide to integrated spans exceeding 250 m and attenuation rates below 0.01 dB m^(\u22121) is discussed.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms1876", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2012-05-29", "volume": "3", "pages": "Art. No. 867" }, { "id": "authors:yxrwz-hb086", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "yxrwz-hb086", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120206-105450544", "type": "monograph", "title": "Chip-based Brillouin lasers as spectral purifiers for photonic systems", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "High coherence lasers are essential in a wide range of applications, however, such performance is normally associated with large laser cavities, because increasing energy storage reduces quantum phase noise and also renders the laser frequency less sensitive to cavity vibration. This basic scaling rule is at odds with an emerging set of optical systems that place focus on compact (optimally integrable) sources of high coherence light. These include phase-coherent optical communication using quadrature-amplitude-modulation, and also record-low phase noise microwave sources based upon optical comb techniques. In this work, the first, chip-based Brillouin laser is demonstrated. It features high-efficiency and single-line operation with the smallest recorded Schawlow-Townes frequency noise for any chip-based laser. Because the frequency offset between the laser's emission and the input pump is relatively small, the device provides a new function: spectral purification of compact, low coherence sources such as semiconductor lasers.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1201.4212", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "publication_date": "2012-01-20" }, { "id": "authors:rtt9w-t3c39", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rtt9w-t3c39", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120413-142948524", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-low-loss whispering gallery delay lines and resonators on a silicon chip", "book_title": "2011 IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Using a wet etch process, 7 meter long waveguides having optical loss of 0.055dB/m are demonstrated. The same process produces resonators having Q factors as high as 750 million. Applications to microwave photonics are reviewed.", "doi": "10.1109/PHO.2011.6110632", "isbn": "978-1-4244-8939-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2011-10", "pages": "473-474" }, { "id": "authors:6sg4y-75w95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6sg4y-75w95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120413-142437453", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-High-Q Micro-Cavity on a Silicon Chip", "book_title": "2011 IEEE Photonics Conference (PHO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiang", "clpid": "Li-Jiang" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical resonators with quality factor as high as 750 million are demonstrated. These silicon-chip-based devices are fabricated without silica reflow, thereby expanding the range of integration opportunities and possible applications.", "doi": "10.1109/PHO.2011.6110396", "isbn": "978-1-4244-8939-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2011-10", "pages": "3-4" }, { "id": "authors:1q8nm-v0826", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1q8nm-v0826", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120404-140322937", "type": "book_section", "title": "Nano-sensing with a Silica Microtoroid", "book_title": "2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Tao", "clpid": "Lu-Tao" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Herchak", "given_name": "Steven", "clpid": "Herchak-Steven" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Ji-Hun", "clpid": "Kim-Ji-Hun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We report nano-detection using a silica microtoroid with a reference interferometer. Single polystyrene nano-beads at a record 12.5nm radius are detected; Influenza-A virion binding events with signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 38:1 are observed.", "isbn": "978-1-4577-1223-4", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2011-05", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:jejcn-y8k79", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jejcn-y8k79", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110509-094316947", "type": "article", "title": "High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Tao", "clpid": "Lu-Tao" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Herchak", "given_name": "Steven", "clpid": "Herchak-S" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Ji-Hun", "clpid": "Kim-Ji-Hun" }, { "family_name": "Fraser", "given_name": "Scott E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5377-0223", "clpid": "Fraser-S-E" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a highly sensitive nanoparticle and virus detection method by using a thermal-stabilized reference interferometer in conjunction with an ultrahigh-Q microcavity. Sensitivity is sufficient to resolve shifts caused by binding of individual nanobeads in solution down to a record radius of 12.5 nm, a size approaching that of single protein molecules. A histogram of wavelength shift versus nanoparticle radius shows that particle size can be inferred from shift maxima. Additionally, the signal-to-noise ratio for detection of Influenza A virus is enhanced to 38:1 from the previously reported 3:1. The method does not use feedback stabilization of the probe laser. It is also observed that the conjunction of particle-induced backscatter and optical-path-induced shifts can be used to enhance detection signal-to-noise.", "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1017962108", "pmcid": "PMC3076881", "issn": "0027-8424", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "publication_date": "2011-04-12", "series_number": "15", "volume": "108", "issue": "15", "pages": "5976-5979" }, { "id": "authors:vnamf-61777", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vnamf-61777", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110531-113003237", "type": "article", "title": "Compensation of thermal nonlinearity effect in optical resonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Grudinin", "given_name": "Ivan", "clpid": "Grudinin-I-S" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Tong", "clpid": "Chen-Tong" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Thermal nonlinearity is known to cause bistability in Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM) resonators and to destabilize the red slope of the Lorentzian resonant curve. We demonstrate an optical technique that allows compensation of the thermal effect and forces the resonances to appear linear with both red and blue slopes stable.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.19.007365", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2011-04-11", "series_number": "8", "volume": "19", "issue": "8", "pages": "7365-7372" }, { "id": "authors:aa705-2qy38", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "aa705-2qy38", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110307-093941087", "type": "article", "title": "Strong interactions of single atoms and photons near a dielectric boundary", "author": [ { "family_name": "Alton", "given_name": "D. J.", "clpid": "Alton-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Stern", "given_name": "N. P.", "clpid": "Stern-N-P" }, { "family_name": "Aoki", "given_name": "Takao", "clpid": "Aoki-Takao" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Lee-H" }, { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Ostby-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kimble", "given_name": "H. J.", "clpid": "Kimble-H-J" } ], "abstract": "Cavity quantum electrodynamics provides the setting for quantum control of strong interactions between a single atom and one\nphoton. Many such atom\u2013cavity systems interacting by coherent exchanges of single photons could be the basis for scalable\nquantum networks. However, moving beyond current proof-of-principle experiments involving just one or two conventional\noptical cavities requires the localization of individual atoms at distances \u227e100nm from a resonator's surface. In this regime\nan atom can be strongly coupled to a single intracavity photon while at the same time experiencing significant radiative\ninteractions with the dielectric boundaries of the resonator. Here, we report using real-time detection and high-bandwidth\nfeedback to select and monitor single caesium atoms located ~100nm from the surface of a microtoroidal optical resonator.\nStrong radiative interactions of atom and cavity field probe atomic motion through the evanescent field of the resonator and\nreveal both the significant role of Casimir\u2013Polder attraction and the manifestly quantum nature of the atom\u2013cavity dynamics.", "doi": "10.1038/nphys1837", "issn": "1745-2473", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Physics", "publication_date": "2011-02", "series_number": "2", "volume": "7", "issue": "2", "pages": "159-165" }, { "id": "authors:gs4ym-4ta03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gs4ym-4ta03", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100719-093401669", "type": "article", "title": "Injection Locking of a Trapped-Ion Phonon Laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kn\u00fcnz", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Kn\u00fcnz-S" }, { "family_name": "Herrmann", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Herrmann-M" }, { "family_name": "Batteiger", "given_name": "V.", "clpid": "Batteiger-V" }, { "family_name": "Saathoff", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Saathoff-G" }, { "family_name": "H\u00e4nsch", "given_name": "T. W.", "clpid": "H\u00e4nsch-" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Udem", "given_name": "Th.", "clpid": "Udem-Th" } ], "abstract": "We report on injection locking of optically excited mechanical oscillations of a single, trapped ion. The injection locking dynamics are studied by analyzing the oscillator spectrum with a spatially selective Fourier transform technique and the oscillator phase with stroboscopic imaging. In both cases we find excellent agreement with theory inside and outside the locking range. We attain injection locking with forces as low as 5(1)\u00d710^(-24)\u2009\u2009N so this system appears promising for the detection of ultraweak oscillating forces.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.013004", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2010-07-02", "series_number": "1", "volume": "105", "issue": "1", "pages": "Art. No. 013004" }, { "id": "authors:52svq-nh108", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "52svq-nh108", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100514-101450286", "type": "article", "title": "Coherent mixing of mechanical excitations in nano-optomechanical structures", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" }, { "family_name": "Rosenberg", "given_name": "Jessie", "clpid": "Rosenberg-J" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Darrick E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5426-7339", "clpid": "Chang-Darrick-E" }, { "family_name": "Camacho", "given_name": "Ryan", "clpid": "Camacho-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Eichenfield", "given_name": "Matt", "clpid": "Eichenfield-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" } ], "abstract": "The combination of the large per-photon optical force and small motional mass achievable in nanocavity optomechanical systems results in strong dynamical back-action between mechanical motion and the cavity light field. In this Article, we study the optical control of mechanical motion within two different nanocavity structures, a zipper nanobeam photonic crystal cavity and a double-microdisk whispering-gallery resonator. The strong optical gradient force within these cavities is shown to introduce significant optical rigidity into the structure, with the dressed mechanical states renormalized into optically bright and optically dark modes of motion. With the addition of internal mechanical coupling between mechanical modes, a form of optically controlled mechanical transparency is demonstrated in analogy to electromagnetically induced transparency of three-level atomic media. Based upon these measurements, a proposal for coherently transferring radio-frequency/microwave signals between the optical field and a long-lived dark mechanical state is described.", "doi": "10.1038/NPHOTON.2010.5", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2010-04", "series_number": "4", "volume": "4", "issue": "4", "pages": "236-242" }, { "id": "authors:1sj8q-xv496", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1sj8q-xv496", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100330-110228296", "type": "article", "title": "Phonon Laser Action in a Tunable Two-Level System", "author": [ { "family_name": "Grudinin", "given_name": "Ivan S.", "clpid": "Grudinin-I-S" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hansuek", "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662", "clpid": "Lee-Hansuek" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "O. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The phonon analog of an optical laser has long been a subject of interest. We demonstrate a compound microcavity system, coupled to a radio-frequency mechanical mode, that operates in close analogy to a two-level laser system. An inversion produces gain, causing phonon laser action above a pump power threshold of around 7\u2009\u2009\u03bcW. The device features a continuously tunable gain spectrum to selectively amplify mechanical modes from radio frequency to microwave rates. Viewed as a Brillouin process, the system accesses a regime in which the phonon plays what has traditionally been the role of the Stokes wave. For this reason, it should also be possible to controllably switch between phonon and photon laser regimes. Cooling of the mechanical mode is also possible.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.083901", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2010-02-26", "series_number": "8", "volume": "104", "issue": "8", "pages": "Art. No. 083901" }, { "id": "authors:avaxc-ngw97", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "avaxc-ngw97", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100302-094540066", "type": "article", "title": "An Optomechanical Oscillator on a Silicon Chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The recent observation on radiation-pressure-driven self-sustained oscillation in high-Q optical microresonators has created new possibilities for development of photonic devices that benefit from unique functionalities offered by these \"optomechanical oscillators\" (OMOs). Here, we review the physics, fundamental characteristics, and potential applications of OMOs using the silica microtoroidal OMO as an example.", "doi": "10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2031066", "issn": "1077-260X", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "2010-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "16", "issue": "1", "pages": "276-287" }, { "id": "authors:c60hc-ssq28", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c60hc-ssq28", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20091210-085530040", "type": "article", "title": "High-Q double-disk microcavities for cavity optomechanics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Jiang", "given_name": "Xiaoshun", "clpid": "Jiang-Xiaoshun" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" }, { "family_name": "Rosenberg", "given_name": "Jessie", "clpid": "Rosenberg-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" } ], "abstract": "We design a double-disk microcavity consisting of a pair of silica microdisks separated by a nanoscale gap region on a silicon chip for cavity optomechanics. We show that this type of photonic structure can provide a per-photon gradient force with a magnitude much larger than for scattering-force-based structures. Moreover, this device provides for nearly independent optimization of optical and mechanical properties. We present the processing details of fabricated devices.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.17.020911", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2009-11-09", "series_number": "23", "volume": "17", "issue": "23", "pages": "20911-20919" }, { "id": "authors:xnvps-g0e77", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xnvps-g0e77", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20091120-110503702", "type": "article", "title": "Optomechanical crystals", "author": [ { "family_name": "Eichenfield", "given_name": "Matt", "clpid": "Eichenfield-M" }, { "family_name": "Chan", "given_name": "Jasper", "clpid": "Chan-Jasper" }, { "family_name": "Camacho", "given_name": "Ryan M.", "clpid": "Camacho-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" } ], "abstract": "Periodicity in materials yields interesting and useful phenomena. Applied to the propagation of light, periodicity gives rise to photonic crystals, which can be precisely engineered for such applications as guiding and dispersing optical beams tightly confining and trapping light resonantly, and enhancing nonlinear optical interactions. Photonic crystals can also be formed into planar lightwave circuits for the integration of optical and electrical microsystems. In a photonic crystal, the periodicity of the host medium is used to manipulate the properties of light, whereas a phononic crystal uses periodicity to manipulate mechanical vibrations. As has been demonstrated in studies of Raman-like scattering in epitaxially grown vertical cavity structures and photonic crystal fibres, the simultaneous confinement of mechanical and optical modes in periodic structures can lead to greatly enhanced light\u2013matter interactions. A logical next step is thus to create planar circuits that act as both photonic and phononic crystals: optomechanical crystals. Here we describe the design, fabrication and characterization of a planar, silicon-chip-based optomechanical crystal capable of co-localizing and strongly coupling 200-terahertz photons and 2-gigahertz phonons. These planar optomechanical crystals bring the powerful techniques of optics and photonic crystals to bear on phononic crystals, providing exquisitely sensitive (near quantum-limited), optical measurements of mechanical vibrations, while simultaneously providing strong nonlinear interactions for optics in a large and technologically relevant range of frequencies.", "doi": "10.1038/nature08524", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2009-11-05", "series_number": "7269", "volume": "462", "issue": "7269", "pages": "78-82" }, { "id": "authors:cmd7j-egd57", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cmd7j-egd57", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20091211-121816322", "type": "article", "title": "Modeling dispersive coupling and losses of localized optical and mechanical modes in optomechanical crystals", "author": [ { "family_name": "Eichenfield", "given_name": "Matt", "clpid": "Eichenfield-M" }, { "family_name": "Chan", "given_name": "Jasper", "clpid": "Chan-Jasper" }, { "family_name": "Safavi-Naeini", "given_name": "Amir H.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6176-1274", "clpid": "Safavi-Naeini-A-H" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" } ], "abstract": "Periodically structured materials can sustain both optical and mechanical excitations which are tailored by the geometry. Here we analyze the properties of dispersively coupled planar photonic and phononic crystals: optomechanical crystals. In particular, the properties of co-resonant optical and mechanical cavities in quasi-1D (patterned nanobeam) and quasi-2D (patterned membrane) geometries are studied. It is shown that the mechanical Q and optomechanical coupling in these structures can vary by many orders of magnitude with modest changes in geometry. An intuitive picture is developed based upon a perturbation theory for shifting material boundaries that allows the optomechanical properties to be designed and optimized. Several designs are presented with mechanical frequency \u223c 1-10 GHz, optical Q-factor Q_o > 10^7, motional masses m_(eff) \u2248 100 femtograms, optomechanical coupling length L_(OM) < 5 \u03bcm, and clampinig losses that are exponentially suppressed with increasing number of phononic crystal periods (radiation-limited mechanical Q-factor Q_m > 10^7 for total device size less than 30 \u03bcm).", "doi": "10.1364/OE.17.020078", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2009-10-26", "series_number": "22", "volume": "17", "issue": "22", "pages": "20078-20098" }, { "id": "authors:7qx5p-a5d95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7qx5p-a5d95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20091103-142206701", "type": "article", "title": "Direct imaging of tunneling from a potential well", "author": [ { "family_name": "Tomes", "given_name": "Mathew", "clpid": "Tomes-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" } ], "abstract": "We experimentally map the wavefunction in the vicinity of a radial potential well. We photograph light intensity near the tunneling region as well as measure the spiraling phase structure via interference with a reference wave. This spiraling phase structure is required for conservation of angular momentum. The experimental image reveals the non-intuitive emission of light from a region in space that is empty of material and relatively far from the device.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.17.019160", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2009-10-12", "series_number": "21", "volume": "17", "issue": "21", "pages": "19160-19165" }, { "id": "authors:w8ynp-ssp39", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "w8ynp-ssp39", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090923-143134385", "type": "article", "title": "Mechanical Oscillation and Cooling Actuated by the Optical Gradient Force", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" }, { "family_name": "Rosenberg", "given_name": "Jessie", "clpid": "Rosenberg-J" }, { "family_name": "Jiang", "given_name": "Xiaoshun", "clpid": "Jiang-Xiaoshun" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" } ], "abstract": "In this work, we combine the large per-photon optical gradient force with the sensitive feedback of a high quality factor whispering-gallery microcavity. The cavity geometry, consisting of a pair of silica disks separated by a nanoscale gap, shows extremely strong dynamical backaction, powerful enough to excite coherent oscillations even under heavily damped conditions (mechanical Q\u22484). In vacuum, the threshold for regenerative mechanical oscillation is lowered to an optical input power of only 270 nW, or roughly 1000 stored cavity photons, and efficient cooling of the mechanical motion is obtained with a temperature compression factor of nearly 14 dB with an input optical power of only 11 \u00b5W.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.103601", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2009-09-04", "series_number": "10", "volume": "103", "issue": "10", "pages": "Art. No. 103601" }, { "id": "authors:6nq24-jwy19", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6nq24-jwy19", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20091013-093447878", "type": "article", "title": "A phonon laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Herrmann", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Herrmann-M" }, { "family_name": "Kn\u00fcnz", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Kn\u00fcnz-S" }, { "family_name": "Batteiger", "given_name": "V.", "clpid": "Batteiger-V" }, { "family_name": "Saathoff", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Saathoff-G" }, { "family_name": "H\u00e4nsch", "given_name": "T. W.", "clpid": "H\u00e4nsch-T-W" }, { "family_name": "Udem", "given_name": "Th.", "clpid": "Udem-Th" } ], "abstract": "Red-detuned laser pumping of an atomic resonance will cool the motion of an ion or atom. The complementary regime of blue-detuned pumping is investigated in this work using a single, trapped Mg+ ion interacting with two laser beams, tuned above and below resonance. Widely thought of as a regime of heating, theory and experiment instead show that stimulated emission of centre-of-mass phonons occurs, providing saturable amplification of the motion. A threshold for transition from thermal to coherent oscillating motion has been observed, thus establishing this system as a mechanical analogue to an optical laser -\u2014 a phonon laser. Such a system has been sought in many different physical contexts.", "doi": "10.1038/nphys1367", "issn": "1745-2473", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Physics", "publication_date": "2009-09", "series_number": "9", "volume": "5", "issue": "9", "pages": "682-686" }, { "id": "authors:ca1gm-d1428", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ca1gm-d1428", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090819-161352249", "type": "article", "title": "Thermal instability of a compound resonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Grudinin", "given_name": "Ivan S.", "clpid": "Grudinin-I-S" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We investigate the thermal and Kerr nonlinearity in a system of two optically-coupled silica microtoroid resonators experimentally and theoretically. A model for two coupled oscillators describing nonlinear resonance curves is developed. Stability of the static solutions is analyzed. It is shown that thermal nonlinearity is responsible for driving the eigenfrequencies of the two resonators apart, making the normal modes of the system unstable as the pump power grows. The red-detuned normal mode becomes unstable for certain pumping powers.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.17.014088", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2009-08-03", "series_number": "16", "volume": "17", "issue": "16", "pages": "14088-14097" }, { "id": "authors:g8knw-mza74", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "g8knw-mza74", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090824-143207445", "type": "article", "title": "Purcell-Factor-Enhanced Scattering from Si Nanocrystals in an Optical Microcavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Tchebotareva", "given_name": "A. L.", "clpid": "Tchebotareva-A-L" }, { "family_name": "Kalkman", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Kalkman-J" }, { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886", "clpid": "Polman-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Scattering processes in an optical microcavity are investigated for the case of silicon nanocrystals embedded in an ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity. Using a novel measurement technique based on the observable mode splitting, we demonstrate that light scattering is highly preferential: more than 99.8% of the photon flux is scattered into the original doubly degenerate cavity modes. The large capture efficiency is shown to result from the Purcell enhancement of the optical density of states over the free space value, an effect that is more typically associated with spontaneous emission. The experimentally determined Purcell factor has a lower bound of 171.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.027406", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2009-07-10", "series_number": "2", "volume": "103", "issue": "2", "pages": "027406" }, { "id": "authors:4zh4j-maz78", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4zh4j-maz78", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170328-163049352", "type": "book_section", "title": "Stacked integrated double-disks for cavity optomechanics", "book_title": "CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Qiang", "clpid": "Lin-Qiang" }, { "family_name": "Jiang", "given_name": "Xiaoshun", "clpid": "Jiang-Xiaoshun" }, { "family_name": "Eichenfield", "given_name": "Matt", "clpid": "Eichenfield-M" }, { "family_name": "Camacho", "given_name": "Ryan", "clpid": "Camacho-R" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" } ], "abstract": "The coupling of mechanical oscillators and optical cavity modes through scattering forces has received considerable attention in recent years [1]. This interaction provides a way, through the principle of dynamic back action [2], to amplify [2,3] and cool mechanical motion [4\u20136]. It could also soon provide a practical means to entangle macroscopic mechanical motion with a variety of other quantum systems, including light [7,8]. To date, experimental work has relied upon the optical scattering force to create conditions necessary for observation of dynamical back action effects. However, alongside the scattering force there are also dipole optical forces that can furnish optomechanical coupling. These forces, also referred to as dispersive or gradient forces, have been used to control coupling of a waveguide to a resonator [9] and to couple pairs of waveguides [10,11]. In the present work, a stacked, double-disk whispering gallery system is demonstrated as a new means to cavity optomechanical phenomena. Dipole-force coupling between the disks creates optomechnical coupling, causing displacement of the disks and tuning of the underlying whispering gallery resonances. In comparison to scattering-force-based systems, this double-disk configuration has the significant advantage of providing a larger optomechanical coupling constant, independent of the cavity round trip length.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192613", "isbn": "978-1-4244-4079-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2009-06" }, { "id": "authors:507pf-7ft07", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "507pf-7ft07", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170327-161113792", "type": "book_section", "title": "An ion-trap phonon laser", "book_title": "CLEO/Europe - EQEC 2009 - European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and the European Quantum Electronics Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Herrmann", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Herrmann-M" }, { "family_name": "Kn\u00fcnz", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Kn\u00fcnz-S" }, { "family_name": "Batteiger", "given_name": "V.", "clpid": "Batteiger-V" }, { "family_name": "Saathoff", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Saathoff-G" }, { "family_name": "H\u00e4nsch", "given_name": "T. W.", "clpid": "H\u00e4nsch-" }, { "family_name": "Udem", "given_name": "Th.", "clpid": "Udem-Th" } ], "abstract": "Cooling of atoms and ions using a red-detuned laser has had a profound impact on science and technology. In this work simultaneous laser cooling and blue-detuned laser pumping of a Mg+ ion in a Paul trap is studied. Blue-detuned pumping is conventionally referred to as the heating regime, and in early work, remarkably complex behaviors (bistability and limit cycles) have been associated with this regime. These behaviors have so far not been fully explained. Here, it is shown that blue-detuned pumping, as opposed to heating, causes stimulated emission of center-of-mass phonons, leading to coherent oscillatory motion of the ion in analogy with a laser. Mechanical amplification is calculated as well as the threshold pumping condition for oscillation. A single ion in a linear radio-frequency trap is studied to verify these predictions. Blue-detuned pumping of the magnesium D2 transition at 279.6 nm provides amplification along the long axis of the ion trap so as to excite only axial oscillations. A slightly off-axis, red-detuned beam cools the center-of-mass motion to approximately 1 mK.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEOE-EQEC.2009.5192335", "isbn": "978-1-4244-4079-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2009-06" }, { "id": "authors:0dr2q-yd552", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0dr2q-yd552", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090728-095607127", "type": "article", "title": "A picogram- and nanometre-scale photonic-crystal optomechanical cavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Eichenfield", "given_name": "Matt", "clpid": "Eichenfield-M" }, { "family_name": "Camacho", "given_name": "Ryan", "clpid": "Camacho-R" }, { "family_name": "Chan", "given_name": "Jasper", "clpid": "Chan-Jasper" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" } ], "abstract": "The dynamic back-action caused by electromagnetic forces (radiation pressure) in optical and microwave cavities is of growing interest. Back-action cooling, for example, is being pursued as a means of achieving the quantum ground state of macroscopic mechanical oscillators. Work in the optical domain has revolved around millimetre- or micrometre-scale structures using the radiation pressure force. By comparison, in microwave devices, low-loss superconducting structures have been used for gradient-force-mediated coupling to a nanomechanical oscillator of picogram mass. Here we describe measurements of an optical system consisting of a pair of specially patterned nanoscale beams in which optical and mechanical energies are simultaneously localized to a cubic-micron-scale volume, and for which large per-photon optical gradient forces are realized. The resulting scale of the per-photon force and the mass of the structure enable the exploration of cavity optomechanical regimes in which, for example, the mechanical rigidity of the structure is dominantly provided by the internal light field itself. In addition to precision measurement and sensitive force detection, nano-optomechanics may find application in reconfigurable and tunable photonic systems, light-based radio-frequency communication and the generation of giant optical nonlinearities for wavelength conversion and optical buffering.", "doi": "10.1038/nature08061", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2009-05-28", "series_number": "7246", "volume": "459", "issue": "7246", "pages": "550-556" }, { "id": "authors:mdvhm-65d80", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mdvhm-65d80", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170327-162631402", "type": "book_section", "title": "A Trapped-Ion Phonon Laser", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Herrmann", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Herrmann-M" }, { "family_name": "Kn\u00fcnz", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Kn\u00fcnz-S" }, { "family_name": "Batteiger", "given_name": "V.", "clpid": "Batteiger-V" }, { "family_name": "Saathoff", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Saathoff-G" }, { "family_name": "H\u00e4nsch", "given_name": "T. W.", "clpid": "H\u00e4nsch-" }, { "family_name": "Udem", "given_name": "Th.", "clpid": "Udem-Th" } ], "abstract": "A cooled, trapped Mg^+ ion is excited using a continuous, blue-detuned pump. Coherent oscillatory motion is observed. It is shown to result from stimulated emission of center-of-mass phonons, constituting the mechanical analog of a laser.", "doi": "10.1364/IQEC.2009.IFB4", "isbn": "978-1-55752-869-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2009-05", "pages": "Paper IFB4" }, { "id": "authors:qw5be-9g335", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qw5be-9g335", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170327-160346936", "type": "book_section", "title": "Cavity Optomechanics", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Cavity enhancement of optical fields is providing a new way to couple light and mechanical motion. Its application to mechanical cooling and amplification, example implementations, and prospects for new science and technology are reviewed.", "doi": "10.1364/IQEC.2009.IWE1", "isbn": "978-1-55752-869-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2009-05", "pages": "Paper IWE1" }, { "id": "authors:pxwde-etn24", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pxwde-etn24", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170323-134420007", "type": "book_section", "title": "Level Crossing in Toroidal on-Chip Microcavities", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Schwefel", "given_name": "Harald G. L.", "clpid": "Schwefel-H-G-L" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Oxborrow", "given_name": "Mark", "clpid": "Oxborrow-M" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "A. Douglas", "clpid": "Stone-A-D" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" } ], "abstract": "Level crossing between optical whispering-gallery modes is studied in toroidal microcavities. We photograph azimuthal and radial envelope patterns of crossed optical modes. We also investigate anti-crossing between modes and polarization evolution.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO.2009.CTuE2", "isbn": "978-1-55752-869-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washignton, DC", "publication_date": "2009-05", "pages": "Art. No. CTuE2" }, { "id": "authors:t885w-3ke58", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t885w-3ke58", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090713-095542564", "type": "article", "title": "Yb-doped glass microcavity laser operation in water", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "Eric P.", "clpid": "Ostby-E-P" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A ytterbium-doped silica microcavity laser demonstrates stable laser emission while completely submerged\nin water. To our knowledge, it is the first solid-state laser whose cavity mode interacts with water. The device\ngenerates more than 2 \u03bcW of output power. The laser performance is presented, and low-concentration biosensing\nis discussed as a potential application.", "doi": "10.1364/OL.34.001153", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2009-04-15", "series_number": "8", "volume": "34", "issue": "8", "pages": "1153-1155" }, { "id": "authors:0jwdv-v9m36", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0jwdv-v9m36", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090409-110154960", "type": "article", "title": "Efficient routing of single photons by one atom and a microtoroidal cavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Aoki", "given_name": "Takao", "clpid": "Aoki-Takao" }, { "family_name": "Parkins", "given_name": "A. S.", "clpid": "Parkins-A-S" }, { "family_name": "Alton", "given_name": "D. J.", "clpid": "Alton-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Regal", "given_name": "C. A.", "clpid": "Regal-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Dayan", "given_name": "Barak", "clpid": "Dayan-B" }, { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Ostby-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kimble", "given_name": "H. J.", "clpid": "Kimble-H-J" } ], "abstract": "Single photons from a coherent input are efficiently redirected to a separate output by way of a fiber-coupled microtoroidal cavity interacting with individual cesium atoms. By operating in an overcoupled regime for the input-output to a tapered fiber, our system functions as a quantum router with high efficiency for photon sorting. Single photons are reflected and excess photons transmitted, as confirmed by observations of photon antibunching (bunching) for the reflected (transmitted) light. Our photon router is robust against large variations of atomic position and input power, with the observed photon antibunching persisting for intracavity photon number 0.03 \u227e n \u227e 0.7.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.083601", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2009-02-27", "series_number": "8", "volume": "102", "issue": "8", "pages": "Art. No. 083601" }, { "id": "authors:fm8ph-sbz95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "fm8ph-sbz95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090409-105440249", "type": "article", "title": "On-chip green silica upconversion microlaser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Tao", "clpid": "Lu-Tao" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "van Loon", "given_name": "Rob V. A.", "clpid": "van-Loon-R-V-A" }, { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "Albert", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886", "clpid": "Polman-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate an erbium-doped silica toroidal microcavity upconversion laser on a silicon chip lasing in the visible spectral range (510-580 nm). The microcavity is pumped at 1458 nm by a tapered optical fiber coupled to the cavity and the lasing threshold is 690 \u00b5W. Lasing is observed at room temperature despite the high nonradiative relaxation rates of Er in pure silica that usually precludes upconversion. lasing from higher excited states. This is attributed to the very high circulating pump power in the high-Q microcavity (Q > 10^7).", "doi": "10.1364/OL.34.000482", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2009-02-15", "series_number": "4", "volume": "34", "issue": "4", "pages": "482-484" }, { "id": "authors:gk7cz-x3f64", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gk7cz-x3f64", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MINnat09", "type": "article", "title": "High-Q surface-plasmon-polariton whispering-gallery microcavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "Eric", "clpid": "Ostby-E-P" }, { "family_name": "Sorger", "given_name": "Volker", "clpid": "Sorger-V" }, { "family_name": "Ulin-Avila", "given_name": "Erick", "clpid": "Ulin-Avila-E" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Xiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-4004-5185", "clpid": "Zhang-Xiang" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electron density waves excited at the interfaces between metals and dielectric materials (1). Owing to their highly localized electromagnetic fields, they may be used for the transport and manipulation of photons on subwavelength scales (2-9). In particular, plasmonic resonant cavities represent an application that could exploit this field compression to create ultrasmall-mode-volume devices. A key figure of merit in this regard is the ratio of cavity quality factor, Q (related to the dissipation rate of photons confined to the cavity), to cavity mode volume, V (refs 10, 11). However, plasmonic cavity Q factors have so far been limited to values less than 100 both for visible and near-infrared wavelengths (12-16). Significantly, such values are far below the theoretically achievable Q factors for plasmonic resonant structures. Here we demonstrate a high-Q SPP whispering-gallery microcavity that is made by coating the surface of a high-Q silica microresonator with a thin layer of a noble metal. Using this structure, Q factors of 1,376 \u00b1 65 can be achieved in the near infrared for surface-plasmonic whispering-gallery modes at room temperature. This nearly ideal value, which is close to the theoretical metal-loss-limited Q factor, is attributed to the suppression and minimization of radiation and scattering losses that are made possible by the geometrical structure and the fabrication method. The SPP eigenmodes, as well as the dielectric eigenmodes, are confined within the whispering-gallery microcavity and accessed evanescently using a single strand of low-loss, tapered optical waveguide (17, 18). This coupling scheme provides a convenient way of selectively exciting and probing confined SPP eigenmodes. Up to 49.7 per cent of input power is coupled by phase-matching control between the microcavity SPP and the tapered fibre eigenmodes.", "doi": "10.1038/nature07627", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2009-01-22", "series_number": "7228", "volume": "457", "issue": "7228", "pages": "455-459" }, { "id": "authors:vpt13-7ra08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vpt13-7ra08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOSapl08", "type": "article", "title": "Observation of injection locking in an optomechanical rf oscillator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Injection locking of a radiation-pressure optomechanical oscillator is demonstrated through external modulation of the optical pump power near the optomechanical oscillation frequency. It is shown that the frequency and phase of a microtoroidal optomechanical oscillator can be locked to those of an electronic oscillator (or any other signal) that can modulate the optical input power and whose frequency is within the lock range.", "doi": "10.1063/1.3028024", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2008-11-10", "series_number": "19", "volume": "93", "issue": "19", "pages": "Art. No.1911115" }, { "id": "authors:my98j-k3930", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "my98j-k3930", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141117-101159642", "type": "article", "title": "Cavity Optomechanics: Back-Action at the Mesoscale", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The coupling of optical and mechanical degrees of freedom is the underlying principle of many\ntechniques to measure mechanical displacement, from macroscale gravitational wave detectors to\nmicroscale cantilevers used in scanning probe microscopy. Recent experiments have reached a\nregime where the back-action of photons caused by radiation pressure can influence the\noptomechanical dynamics, giving rise to a host of long-anticipated phenomena. Here we review\nthese developments and discuss the opportunities for innovative technology as well as for\nfundamental science.", "doi": "10.1126/science.1156032", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2008-08-29", "series_number": "5893", "volume": "321", "issue": "5893", "pages": "1172-1176" }, { "id": "authors:8bps6-vbw70", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8bps6-vbw70", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHpra08", "type": "article", "title": "Back-action limit of linewidth in an optomechanical oscillator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Laser cooling and amplification of mechanical modes in an optical cavity are now possible with several device geometries. Quantum back action sets the fundamental limit to cooling. It has, however, not been considered in the regenerative oscillator, wherein mechanical amplification overcomes loss, leading to self-sustained, coherent oscillations at rf and microwave rates. In these devices, the spectral purity, as measured by the phase noise, has a back-action contribution that is herein derived and evaluated in recently characterized systems. Beyond its importance as a fundamental stability limit, it can provide a way to observe quantum back action within the context of cavity optomechanics. The analysis is also applied to the case of cooling, and a pump contribution to the cooling limit is derived.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.78.023832", "issn": "1050-2947", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2008-08", "series_number": "2", "volume": "78", "issue": "2", "pages": "Art. No. 023832" }, { "id": "authors:y61he-8f154", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "y61he-8f154", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170405-174940767", "type": "book_section", "title": "Cooling and amplifying micro-mechanical motion with light", "book_title": "2008 IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMs and Nanophotonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Recent years have witnessed a series of developments at the intersection of two, previously distinct subjects. Optical (micro-) cavities [1] and micro (nano-) mechanical resonators [2], each a subject in their own right with a rich scientific and technological history, have, in a sense, become entangled experimentally by the underlying mechanism of optical forces. These forces and their related physics have been of major interest in the field of atomic physics for over 5 decades [3\u20135], and the emerging opto-mechanical context for these forces has many parallels with this field. There is also a rich theoretical history that considers the implications of optical forces in this new context [6\u20139]. Despite this theoretical promise, the manifestations of these forces on micro-mechanical objects have only recently become an experimental reality [10]. We will review recent demonstrations of both mechanical amplification and cooling by radiation pressure forces in micron-scale toroidal resonators and also in silicon cantilever-based resonators. These devices contain high-Q optical modes in coexistence with high-Q mechanical modes. Resonantly enhanced optical forces couple these mechanical and optical degrees of freedom, creating two distinct dynamical regimes. In the first, mechanical amplification can overcome intrinsic loss to induce regenerative mechanical oscillation up to microwave rates [12]. In the second, mechanical cooling to low temperatures is possible (sub Kelvin cooling from room temperature has been demonstrated). After discussing progress directed to ground-state cooling of a macroscale mechanical oscillator [13,14], the possible future directions of this emerging field of cavity opto-mechanics will be considered.", "doi": "10.1109/OMEMS.2008.4607818", "isbn": "978-1-4244-1917-3", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2008-08", "pages": "41" }, { "id": "authors:ccnxy-sxx11", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ccnxy-sxx11", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170405-174637077", "type": "book_section", "title": "Cooling and amplifying micro-mechanical motion using light", "book_title": "2008 International Nano-Optoelectronics Workshop", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Progress in the subject of cavity optomechanics will be described. Micromechanical oscillators to microwave rates, as well as progress directed towards cooling to the quantum ground state will be reviewed.", "doi": "10.1109/INOW.2008.4634407", "isbn": "978-1-4244-2656-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2008-08", "pages": "3" }, { "id": "authors:2t6pz-xbw50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2t6pz-xbw50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170406-173031200", "type": "book_section", "title": "Cavity opto-mechanics", "book_title": "2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" } ], "abstract": "Two device geometries that enable structural coexistence are micro-mechanical and optical resonators. In one geometry, a micro-cantilever mechanical resonator also functions as a mirror in a high-finesse optical cavity. In a second, opto-mechanical coexistence takes the form of a micron-scale silica toroid that exhibits both high-Q radio-frequency mechanical resonances and optical resonances.", "isbn": "978-1-55752-859-9", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2008-05", "pages": "Paper JMD3" }, { "id": "authors:acgd7-92j07", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "acgd7-92j07", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CARprl08a", "type": "article", "title": "Static Envelope Patterns in Composite Resonances Generated by Level Crossing in Optical Toroidal Microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Schwefel", "given_name": "Harald G. L.", "clpid": "Schwefel-H-G-L" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Oxborrow", "given_name": "Mark", "clpid": "Oxborrow-M" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "A. Douglas", "clpid": "Stone-A-D" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We study level crossing in the optical whispering-gallery (WG) modes by using toroidal microcavities. Experimentally, we image the stationary envelope patterns of the composite optical modes that arise when WG modes of different wavelengths coincide in frequency. Numerically, we calculate crossings of levels that correspond with the observed degenerate modes, where our method takes into account the not perfectly transverse nature of their field polarizations. In addition, we analyze anticrossing with a large avoidance gap between modes of the same azimuthal number.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.103905", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2008-03-14", "series_number": "10", "volume": "100", "issue": "10", "pages": "Art. No. 103905" }, { "id": "authors:24m7f-m9p88", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "24m7f-m9p88", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121024-095837397", "type": "article", "title": "A Photon Turnstile Dynamically Regulated by One Atom", "author": [ { "family_name": "Dayan", "given_name": "Barak", "clpid": "Dayan-B" }, { "family_name": "Parkins", "given_name": "A. S.", "clpid": "Parkins-A-S" }, { "family_name": "Aoki", "given_name": "Takao", "clpid": "Aoki-T" }, { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "E. P.", "clpid": "Ostby-E-P" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kimble", "given_name": "H. J.", "clpid": "Kimble-H-J" } ], "abstract": "Beyond traditional nonlinear optics with large numbers of atoms and photons, qualitatively new phenomena arise in a quantum regime of strong interactions between single atoms and photons. By using a microscopic optical resonator, we achieved such interactions and demonstrated a robust, efficient mechanism for the regulated transport of photons one by one. With critical coupling of the input light, a single atom within the resonator dynamically controls the cavity output conditioned on the photon number at the input, thereby functioning as a photon turnstile. We verified the transformation from a Poissonian to a sub-Poissonian photon stream by photon counting measurements of the input and output fields. The results have applications in quantum information science, including for controlled interactions of single light quanta and for scalable quantum processing on atom chips.", "doi": "10.1126/science.1152261", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2008-02-22", "series_number": "5866", "volume": "319", "issue": "5866", "pages": "1062-1065" }, { "id": "authors:t49c6-b8403", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t49c6-b8403", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOSieeeptl08", "type": "article", "title": "Photonic RF Down-Converter Based on Optomechanical Oscillation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate all-optical radio-frequency (RF) down-conversion in a silica microtoroid optomechanical (OM) oscillator. Preliminary results show that the OM oscillator can simultaneously serve as mixer and local oscillator in a photonic homodyne RF-receiver architecture.", "doi": "10.1109/LPT.2007.912991", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "2008-02-15", "series_number": "4", "volume": "20", "issue": "4", "pages": "234-236" }, { "id": "authors:9xhtw-aqz84", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9xhtw-aqz84", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPoe07", "type": "article", "title": "Cavity opto-mechanics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The coupling of mechanical and optical degrees of freedom via radiation pressure has been a subject of early research in the context of gravitational wave detection. Recent experimental advances have allowed studying for the first time the modifications of mechanical dynamics provided by radiation pressure. This paper reviews the consequences of back-action of light confined in whispering-gallery dielectric microcavities, and presents a unified treatment of its two manifestations: notably the parametric instability (mechanical amplification and oscillation) and radiation pressure back-action cooling. Parametric instability offers a novel \"photonic clock\" which is driven purely by the pressure of light. In contrast, radiation pressure cooling can surpass existing cryogenic technologies and offers cooling to phonon occupancies below unity and provides a route towards cavity Quantum Optomechanics.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.15.017172", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2007-12-10", "series_number": "25", "volume": "15", "issue": "25", "pages": "17172-17205" }, { "id": "authors:34qzg-x4w26", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "34qzg-x4w26", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20101101-083647178", "type": "book_section", "title": "Nonlinear opto-mechanics using radiation pressure in high-Q microcavities", "book_title": "2007 Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani Hossein", "clpid": "Zadeh-M-H" } ], "abstract": "Recent experiments that use radiation pressure in microcavities either to create micro-wave-rate mechanical oscillations, or to cool a mechanical degree of freedom to cryogenic temperatures are overviewed. The implication of these results for new science is discussed.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEOPR.2007.4391543", "isbn": "978-1-4244-1173-3", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2007-12-04", "pages": "908-909" }, { "id": "authors:99k76-gnk98", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "99k76-gnk98", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100819-135254766", "type": "book_section", "title": "Label-free, single molecule detection of cytokines using optical microcavities", "book_title": "2007 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings", "author": [ { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "Andrea M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Fraser", "given_name": "Scott E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5377-0223", "clpid": "Fraser-S-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Interleukin-2 (IL2) is a cytokine that regulates T-cell growth and is used in cancer therapies. By\nsensitizing a microcavity sensor surface with anti-IL2 and monitoring the resonant frequency,\nsingle molecules of IL2 can be detected.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOS.2007.4382547", "isbn": "978-1-4244-0924-2", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication_date": "2007-11-12", "pages": "596-597" }, { "id": "authors:w4n7f-xbv63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "w4n7f-xbv63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180709-135711761", "type": "book_section", "title": "Cavity QED with chip-based toroidal microresonators", "book_title": "Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging V", "author": [ { "family_name": "Dayan", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Dayan-B" }, { "family_name": "Aoki", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Aoki-Takao" }, { "family_name": "Wilcut", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Wilcut-E" }, { "family_name": "Kelber", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Kelber-S-I" }, { "family_name": "Bowen", "given_name": "W. P.", "clpid": "Bowen-W-P" }, { "family_name": "Parkins", "given_name": "A. S.", "clpid": "Parkins-A-S" }, { "family_name": "Petta", "given_name": "J. R.", "clpid": "Petta-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Ostby-E-P" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kimble", "given_name": "H. J.", "clpid": "Kimble-H-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Meyers", "given_name": "Ronald E.", "clpid": "Meyers-R-E" }, { "family_name": "Shih", "given_name": "Yanhua", "clpid": "Shih-Yanhua" }, { "family_name": "Deacon", "given_name": "Keith S.", "clpid": "Deacon-K-S" } ], "abstract": "We report the demonstration of strong coupling between single Cesium atoms and a high-Q chip-based microresonator. Our toroidal microresonators are compact, Si chip-based whispering gallery mode resonators that confine light to small volumes with extremely low losses, and are manufactured in large numbers by standard lithographic techniques. Combined with the capability to couple efficiently light to and from these microresonators by a tapered optical fiber, toroidal microresonators offer a promising avenue towards scalable quantum networks. Experimentally, laser cooled Cs atoms are dropped onto a toroidal microresonator while a probe beam is critically coupled to the cavity mode. When an atom interacts with the cavity, it modifies the resonance spectrum of the cavity, leading to rejection of some of the probe light from the cavity, and thus to an increase in the output power. By observing such transit events while systematically detuning the cavity from the atomic resonance, we determine the maximal accessible single-photon Rabi frequency of \u03a9_0/2\u03c0 \u2248 (100 \u00b1 24) MHz. This value puts our system in the regime of strong coupling, being significantly larger than the dissipation rates in our system.", "doi": "10.1117/12.734875", "isbn": "9780819468581", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2007-10-03", "pages": "Art. No. 67100H" }, { "id": "authors:he4aj-htn14", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "he4aj-htn14", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:OSTol07", "type": "article", "title": "Ultralow-threshold Yb3+:SiO2 glass laser fabricated by the solgel process", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "Eric P.", "clpid": "Ostby-E-P" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A Yb-doped silica microcavity laser on a silicon chip is fabricated from a solgel thin film. The high-Q microtoroid cavity, which has a finesse of 10,000, is evanescently coupled to an optical fiber taper. We report a threshold of 1.8 \u03bcW absorbed power that is, to the best of our knowledge, the lowest published threshold to date for any Yb-doped laser. The effect of Yb3+ concentration on laser threshold is experimentally quantified.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2007-09-15", "series_number": "18", "volume": "32", "issue": "18", "pages": "2650-2652" }, { "id": "authors:5836v-ny183", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5836v-ny183", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141117-144831848", "type": "article", "title": "Label-Free, Single-Molecule Detection with Optical Microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "Andrea M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Kulkarni", "given_name": "Rajan P.", "clpid": "Kulkarni-R-P" }, { "family_name": "Fraser", "given_name": "Scott E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5377-0223", "clpid": "Fraser-S-E" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Current single-molecule detection techniques require labeling the target molecule. We report a highly specific and sensitive optical sensor based on an ultrahigh quality (Q) factor (Q > 10^8) whispering-gallery microcavity. The silica surface is functionalized to bind the target molecule; binding is detected by a resonant wavelength shift. Single-molecule detection is confirmed by observation of single-molecule binding events that shift the resonant frequency, as well as by the statistics for these shifts over many binding events. These shifts result from a thermo-optic mechanism. Additionally, label-free, single-molecule detection of interleukin-2 was demonstrated in serum. These experiments demonstrate a dynamic range of 10^(12) in concentration, establishing the microcavity as a sensitive and versatile detector.", "doi": "10.1126/science.1145002", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2007-08-10", "series_number": "5839", "volume": "317", "issue": "5839", "pages": "783-787" }, { "id": "authors:5kcc0-t5n79", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5kcc0-t5n79", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOSieeeptl07", "type": "article", "title": "Importance of Intrinsic-Q in Microring-Based Optical Filters and Dispersion-Compensation Devices", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We investigate the impact of the intrinsic-Q of the resonant poles on the performance of multiring-based optical filters and dispersion-compensating devices. We highlight the role of quality factor by defining figures-of-merit for some specific filter configurations.", "doi": "10.1109/LPT.2007.899456", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "2007-07-15", "series_number": "14", "volume": "19", "issue": "14", "pages": "1045-1047" }, { "id": "authors:m28vp-b9313", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "m28vp-b9313", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MINpra07", "type": "article", "title": "Perturbative analytic theory of an ultrahigh-Q toroidal microcavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A perturbation theoretic approach is proposed as an efficient characterization tool for a tapered fiber coupled ultrahigh-quality factor (Q) toroidal microcavity with a small inverse aspect ratio. The Helmholtz equation with an assumption of quasi-TE/TM modes in local toroidal coordinates is solved via a power series expansion in terms of the inverse aspect ratio and the expanded eigenmode solutions are further manipulated iteratively to generate various characteristic metrics of the ultrahigh-Q toroidal microcavity coupled to a tapered fiber waveguide. Resonance wavelengths, free spectral ranges, cavity mode volumes, phase-matching conditions, and radiative Q factors are derived along with a mode characterization given by a characteristic equation. Calculated results are in excellent agreement with full vectorial finite-element simulations. The results are useful as a shortcut to avoid full numerical simulation, and also render intuitive insight into the modal properties of toroidal microcavities.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.76.013823", "issn": "1050-2947", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2007-07", "series_number": "1", "volume": "76", "issue": "1", "pages": "Art. No. 013823" }, { "id": "authors:qrmqs-g4n87", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qrmqs-g4n87", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ARMleos07", "type": "book_section", "title": "Soft lithographic fabrication of microresonators", "book_title": "Digest of the IEEE LEOS Summer Topical Meetings. Portland, OR, 23-25 July 2007", "author": [ { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "A. M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Using ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity masters, soft lithography is applied to fabricate polymer microcavity arrays with Q factors in excess of 10^6. This technique produces resonators with material-limited quality factors.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOSST.2007.4288368", "isbn": "1-4244-0926-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2007-07", "pages": "133-134" }, { "id": "authors:r7yre-ssd32", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "r7yre-ssd32", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOSol07", "type": "article", "title": "Observation of optical spring effect in a microtoroidal optomechanical resonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We present experimental evidence of the optical spring effect in a silica microtoroid resonator. The variation of the measured mechanical resonant frequency as a function of optical power, optical coupling, and optical detuning is in very good agreement with a model for radiation-pressure-induced rigidity in a silica microtoroid.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2007-06-15", "series_number": "12", "volume": "32", "issue": "12", "pages": "1611-1613" }, { "id": "authors:p7c5c-dgx39", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p7c5c-dgx39", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CARoe07", "type": "article", "title": "Wavelength-independent coupler from fiber to an on-chip cavity, demonstrated over an 850nm span", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Steven Y. T.", "clpid": "Wang-S-Y-T" }, { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "Eric P.", "clpid": "Ostby-E-P" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A robust wide band (850 nm) fiber coupler to a whispering-gallery cavity with ultra-high quality factor is experimentally demonstrated. The device trades off ideality for broad-band, efficient input coupling. Output coupling efficiency can remain high enough for practical applications wherein pumping and power extraction must occur over very broad wavelength spans.", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2007-06-11", "series_number": "12", "volume": "15", "issue": "12", "pages": "7677-7681" }, { "id": "authors:6r7w9-cq194", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6r7w9-cq194", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150317-133053915", "type": "article", "title": "Visible continuous emission from a silica microphotonic device by third-harmonic generation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Nonlinear harmonic generation is widely used to extend the emission wavelength of laser sources. These devices typically require high peak powers to generate sufficient nonlinear optical response. Here, we demonstrate experimentally and analyse theoretically continuous-wave, visible emission from a silica microresonator on a silicon chip by third-harmonic generation. Emission is observed with pump powers of less than 300 \u00b5W, and is verified to scale cubically with pump power. We also observe third-order sum-frequency generation and mixing of the pump with a concomitant Raman laser within the same structure, giving rise to emission of various colours. In addition to providing low-power operation, this result opens the possibility of silicon microphotonic emitters spanning all the way down to the ultraviolet and operating continuously.", "doi": "10.1038/nphys601", "issn": "1745-2473", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Physics", "publication_date": "2007-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "3", "issue": "6", "pages": "430-435" }, { "id": "authors:c7hfr-k2c48", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c7hfr-k2c48", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170807-082813545", "type": "article", "title": "Soft Lithographic Fabrication of High Q Polymer Microcavity Arrays", "author": [ { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "Andrea M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "Akil", "clpid": "Srinivasan-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "As new synthetic, low-loss polymers are developed, polymer optical cavities are experiencing a revolution, in both fabrication design and functionality. Recently, a fabrication technique was developed that enabled planar arrays of polymeric resonators to achieve cavity Q factors greater than 1 million. In the present letter, this molding technique is expanded to fabricate resonators from polymers that have either thermal or UV curing mechanisms. The quality factors and broad band spectrum of these devices are determined at 680, 1300, and 1550 nm. These resonant cavities demonstrate quality factors which are competitive with photonic crystals and microdisk resonators.", "doi": "10.1021/nl0708359", "issn": "1530-6984", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "Nano Letters", "publication_date": "2007-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "7", "issue": "6", "pages": "1823-1826" }, { "id": "authors:2syse-hen28", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2syse-hen28", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170425-154144146", "type": "book_section", "title": "Wavelength-independent bent-fiber coupler to an ultra-high Q cavity demonstrated over 850 nm span", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Steven", "clpid": "Wang-Steven" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "Eric P.", "clpid": "Ostby-E-P" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A bent tapered-fiber coupler is experimentally demonstrated to allow wavelength independent fiber-to-cavity coupling over an 850nm span; opening current technology of ultra-high Q cavities for applications spanning the UV to the IR band.", "isbn": "1557528349", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2007-05", "pages": "paper CMG2" }, { "id": "authors:ptbyc-99h28", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ptbyc-99h28", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170420-123750000", "type": "book_section", "title": "On-Chip, Ultra-Low Threshold Yb Silica Laser", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ostby", "given_name": "Eric P.", "clpid": "Ostby-E-P" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A novel Yb:SiO_2 fiber-coupled laser on a silicon chip was fabricated using a solution-gel process. We report a record-low pump threshold of 2 \u03bcW, and discuss the practical advantages of Yb microlasers.", "isbn": "1557528349", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washignton, DC", "publication_date": "2007-05", "pages": "paper CFJ1" }, { "id": "authors:vq2p0-kyd91", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vq2p0-kyd91", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170425-160140341", "type": "book_section", "title": "Opto-Mechanical Modal Spectroscopy: Opto-Excited Vibrations of a Micron-Scale On-Chip Resonator", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Centrifugal radiation pressure excites vibrational modes of cavity at the GHz range. Many spectral lines associated with high-order vibrational modes are measured. Perturbation is observed to induce fine split of the spectral line.", "isbn": "1557528349", "publisher": "OSA", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2007-05", "pages": "paper JMB2" }, { "id": "authors:n6dvp-5jm28", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n6dvp-5jm28", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170424-160608216", "type": "book_section", "title": "A 4-Hz Fundamental Linewidth on-chip Microlaser", "book_title": "2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Lu", "given_name": "Tao", "clpid": "Lu-Tao" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A compact laser source on a silicon chip with Shawlow-Townes linewidth (i.e., fundamental, quantum limited) down to a few Hertz is demonstrated in this work. The fundamental linewidth is observed to decrease with inverse optical power.", "isbn": "1557528349", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2007-05", "pages": "paper CMR2" }, { "id": "authors:gt540-29k63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gt540-29k63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170424-170227017", "type": "book_section", "title": "Free UH-Q Microtoroids, New Tools for Designing Photonic Devices", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We describe techniques that enable fabrication of free UH-Q silica microtoroids. Preliminary results show that free resonators with Qs above 30 million can be fabricated and transferred to different platforms for integration with photonic devices.", "isbn": "1557528349", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2007-05", "pages": "paper CFQ3" }, { "id": "authors:rbjf2-6np88", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rbjf2-6np88", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CARprl07a", "type": "article", "title": "Chaotic Quivering of Micron-Scaled On-Chip Resonators Excited by Centrifugal Optical Pressure", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Cross", "given_name": "M. C.", "clpid": "Cross-M-C" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Opto-mechanical chaotic oscillation of an on-chip resonator is excited by the radiation-pressure nonlinearity. Continuous optical input, with no external feedback or modulation, excites chaotic vibrations in very different geometries of the cavity (both tori and spheres) and shows that opto-mechanical chaotic oscillations are an intrinsic property of optical microcavities. Measured phenomena include period doubling, a spectral continuum, aperiodic oscillations, and complex trajectories. The rate of exponential divergence from a perturbed initial condition (Lyapunov exponent) is calculated. Continuous improvements in cavities mean that such chaotic oscillations can be expected in the future with many other platforms, geometries, and frequency spans.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.167203", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2007-04-20", "series_number": "16", "volume": "98", "issue": "16", "pages": "Art. No. 167203" }, { "id": "authors:n9z08-73648", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n9z08-73648", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CARprl07", "type": "article", "title": "Modal Spectroscopy of Optoexcited Vibrations of a Micron-Scale On-Chip Resonator at Greater than 1 GHz Frequency", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We analyze experimentally and theoretically >1 GHz optoexcited mechanical vibration in an on-chip micron-scaled sphere. Different eigen-mechanical modes are excited upon demand by the centrifugal radiation pressure of the optical whispering-gallery-mode, enabling an optomechanical modal spectroscopy investigation of many vibrational modes. Spectral analysis of the light emitted from the device enables deduction of its natural vibrational modes in analogy with spectroscopy of a molecule's vibrational levels, and its eccentricity perturbation is shown to induce spectral splitting.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.123901", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2007-03-23", "series_number": "12", "volume": "98", "issue": "12", "pages": "Art. No. 123901" }, { "id": "authors:v3dv2-04s30", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "v3dv2-04s30", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZHAapl07", "type": "article", "title": "Visible submicron microdisk lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Zhaoyu", "clpid": "Zhang-Zhaoyu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Victor", "clpid": "Liu-Victor" }, { "family_name": "Hong", "given_name": "Ting", "clpid": "Hong-Ting" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "Axel", "orcid": "0000-0002-2160-9064", "clpid": "Scherer-A" } ], "abstract": "The authors describe the performance of submicron microdisk lasers fabricated within InGaP/InGaAlP quantum well material working at room temperature. The smallest lasers, with diameters of approximately 600 nm, feature ultrasmall mode volumes and exhibit single mode operation at low threshold powers. Their small cavity volumes of approximately 0.03 \u00b5m^3 enable microdisk lasers to be used as spectroscopic sources. Here the authors demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of visible, monolithically fabricated, submicron microdisk lasers.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2714312", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2007-03-12", "series_number": "11", "volume": "90", "issue": "11", "pages": "Art. No. 111119" }, { "id": "authors:p0x47-zgm21", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p0x47-zgm21", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180709-132947523", "type": "book_section", "title": "Visible microdisk and photonic crystals lasers based on InGaP/InGaAlP system", "book_title": "Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices IV", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Zhaoyu", "clpid": "Zhang-Zhaoyu" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Victor", "clpid": "Liu-Victor" }, { "family_name": "Hong", "given_name": "Ting", "clpid": "Hong-Ting" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "Axel", "orcid": "0000-0002-2160-9064", "clpid": "Scherer-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Razeghi", "given_name": "Manijeh", "clpid": "Razeghi-M" }, { "family_name": "Brown", "given_name": "Gail J.", "clpid": "Brown-G-J" } ], "abstract": "We describe the performance of submicron microdisk and photonic crystal lasers fabricated within InGaP/InGaAlP quantum well material. The smallest lasers, with diameters of approximately 600 nm, feature ultra-small mode volumes and exhibit single mode operation at low threshold powers. Their small cavity volumes of approximately 0.03 \u03bcm^3 for microdisk lasers and 0.01 \u03bcm^3 for photonic crystal lasers enable them to be used as spectroscopic sources. Here we demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of visible, monolithically fabricated, submicron mode volume lasers.", "doi": "10.1117/12.699777", "isbn": "9780819465924", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2007-02-03", "pages": "Art. No. 647914" }, { "id": "authors:h12g3-7c973", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "h12g3-7c973", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOSoe07a", "type": "article", "title": "Free ultra-high-Q microtoroid: a tool for designing photonic devices", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We describe techniques that enable fabrication of a new class of photonic devices based on free UH-Q microresonators. Preliminary results show that free silica microtoroids with Qs above 30 million can be fabricated and transferred to different platforms for integration with a variety of photonic devices.", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2007-01-08", "series_number": "1", "volume": "15", "issue": "1", "pages": "166-175" }, { "id": "authors:hm5yw-sg109", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hm5yw-sg109", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ROKapl06", "type": "article", "title": "Brownian noise in radiation-pressure-driven micromechanical oscillators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "Hossein", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Hajimiri", "given_name": "Ali", "orcid": "0000-0001-6736-8019", "clpid": "Hajimiri-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The authors demonstrate Brownian-noise-limited operation of an optomechanical oscillator, wherein mechanical oscillations of a silica optical microcavity are sustained by means of radiation pressure. Using phase noise measurement above threshold, it has been shown that the short-term linewidth of mechanical oscillations is fundamentally broadened, limited by thermal equipartition of energy.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2424276", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2006-12-25", "series_number": "26", "volume": "89", "issue": "26", "pages": "Art. No. 261109" }, { "id": "authors:7dp0z-27a16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7dp0z-27a16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SCHLprl06", "type": "article", "title": "Radiation Pressure Cooling of a Micromechanical Oscillator Using Dynamical Backaction", "author": [ { "family_name": "Schliesser", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Schliesser-A" }, { "family_name": "Del'Haye", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Del-Haye-P" }, { "family_name": "Nooshi", "given_name": "N.", "clpid": "Nooshi-N" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" } ], "abstract": "Cooling of a 58 MHz micromechanical resonator from room temperature to 11 K is demonstrated using cavity enhanced radiation pressure. Detuned pumping of an optical resonance allows enhancement of the blueshifted motional sideband (caused by the oscillator's Brownian motion) with respect to the redshifted sideband leading to cooling of the mechanical oscillator mode. The reported cooling mechanism is a manifestation of the effect of radiation pressure induced dynamical backaction. These results constitute an important step towards achieving ground state cooling of a mechanical oscillator.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.243905", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2006-12-15", "series_number": "24", "volume": "97", "issue": "24", "pages": "Art. No. 243905" }, { "id": "authors:tsygn-hf745", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "tsygn-hf745", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MINapl06", "type": "article", "title": "Ultralow threshold on-chip microcavity nanocrystal quantum dot lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Sungjee", "clpid": "Kim-Sungjee" }, { "family_name": "Okamoto", "given_name": "Koichi", "clpid": "Okamoto-Koichi" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "Axel", "orcid": "0000-0002-2160-9064", "clpid": "Scherer-A" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Chemically synthesized nanocrystal, CdSe/ZnS (core/shell), quantum dots are coated on the surface of an ultrahigh-Q toroidal microcavity and the lasing is observed at room and liquid nitrogen temperature by pulsed excitation of quantum dots, either through tapered fiber or free space. Use of a tapered fiber coupling substantially lowered the threshold energy when compared with the case of free space excitation. The reason for the threshold reduction is attributed to the efficient delivery of pump pulses to the active gain region of the toroidal microcavity. Further threshold reduction was possible by quantum dot surface-coverage control. By decreasing the quantum dot numbers on the surface of the cavity, the threshold energy is further decreased down to 9.9 fJ.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2387966", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2006-11-06", "series_number": "19", "volume": "89", "issue": "19", "pages": "Art. No. 191124" }, { "id": "authors:ahrhs-jch82", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ahrhs-jch82", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPpra06", "type": "article", "title": "Demonstration of an erbium-doped microdisk laser on a silicon chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Kalkman", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Kalkman-J" }, { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886", "clpid": "Polman-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "An erbium-doped microlaser is demonstrated utilizing SiO2 microdisk resonators on a silicon chip. Passive microdisk resonators exhibit whispering-gallery-type modes (WGM's) with intrinsic optical quality factors of up to 6\u00d710^7 and were doped with trivalent erbium ions (peak concentration ~3.8\u00d710^20 cm^\u22123) using MeV ion implantation. Coupling to the fundamental WGM of the microdisk resonator was achieved by using a tapered optical fiber. Upon pumping of the 4I15/2-->4I13/2 erbium transition at 1450 nm, a gradual transition from spontaneous to stimulated emission was observed in the 1550-nm band. Analysis of the pump-output power relation yielded a pump threshold of 43 \u00b5W and allowed measuring the spontaneous emission coupling factor: beta[approximate]1\u00d710^\u22123.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.74.051802", "issn": "1050-2947", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2006-11", "series_number": "5", "volume": "74", "issue": "5", "pages": "Art. No. 051802(R)" }, { "id": "authors:j9sgq-0pc18", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "j9sgq-0pc18", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOSoe06", "type": "article", "title": "Fiber-taper coupling to Whispering-Gallery modes of fluidic resonators embedded in a liquid medium", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate efficient coupling to the optical Whispering-Gallery (WG) modes of a fluidic resonator consisting of a droplet embedded in a liquid medium. Unlike previous experiments the droplet is not levitated in an optical or electrostatic trap and free space coupling is replaced by phase-matched, waveguide coupling using a fiber-taper. We have observed critical coupling to fundamental WG modes of a 600 \u03bcm diameter water droplet at 980 nm. The experimental challenges towards making, stabilizing and coupling to the droplet resonators are addressed in this paper.", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2006-10-30", "series_number": "22", "volume": "14", "issue": "22", "pages": "10800-10810" }, { "id": "authors:72cja-bjj56", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "72cja-bjj56", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180709-140849592", "type": "book_section", "title": "Chemical and biological detectors using ultra-high-Q microresonators", "book_title": "Optomechatronic Micro/Nano Devices and Components II", "author": [ { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "Andrea M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Katagiri", "given_name": "Yoshitada", "clpid": "Katagiri-Yoshitada" } ], "abstract": "Recently, a method for fabricating planar arrays of optical microtoroid resonators with quality factors greater than 500 million was developed. These devices have previously demonstrated Raman and OPO lasing and radiation pressure induced oscillations. When immersed in an aqueous environment, these devices are able to maintain their ultra-high Q factors by operating in the visible wavelength band, enabling very sensitive chemical and biological detection. The fabrication and optical properties of these devices will be described. These devices have performed both chemical and biological detection. Systems which have been detected include D_2O in water and a variety of biological molecules. Sensitivity limits will also be discussed.", "doi": "10.1117/12.691122", "isbn": "0819464740", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2006-10-18", "pages": "Art. No. 637606" }, { "id": "authors:4zwdt-jjd24", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4zwdt-jjd24", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150331-120134393", "type": "article", "title": "Observation of strong coupling between one atom and a monolithic microresonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Aoki", "given_name": "Takao", "clpid": "Aoki-Takao" }, { "family_name": "Dayan", "given_name": "Barak", "clpid": "Dayan-B" }, { "family_name": "Wilcut", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Wilcut-E" }, { "family_name": "Bowen", "given_name": "W. P.", "clpid": "Bowen-W-P" }, { "family_name": "Parkins", "given_name": "A. S.", "clpid": "Parkins-A-S" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kimble", "given_name": "H. J.", "clpid": "Kimble-H-J" } ], "abstract": "Over the past decade, strong interactions of light and matter at the single-photon level have enabled a wide set of scientific advances in quantum optics and quantum information science. This work has been performed principally within the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics with diverse physical systems, including single atoms in Fabry\u2013Perot resonators, quantum dots coupled to micropillars and photonic bandgap cavities and Cooper pairs interacting with superconducting resonators. Experiments with single, localized atoms have been at the forefront of these advances with the use of optical resonators in high-finesse Fabry\u2013Perot configurations. As a result of the extreme technical challenges involved in further improving the multilayer dielectric mirror coatings of these resonators and in scaling to large numbers of devices, there has been increased interest in the development of alternative microcavity systems. Here we show strong coupling between individual caesium atoms and the fields of a high-quality toroidal microresonator. From observations of transit events for single atoms falling through the resonator's evanescent field, we determine the coherent coupling rate for interactions near the surface of the resonator. We develop a theoretical model to quantify our observations, demonstrating that strong coupling is achieved, with the rate of coherent coupling exceeding the dissipative rates of the atom and the cavity. Our work opens the way for investigations of optical processes with single atoms and photons in lithographically fabricated microresonators. Applications include the implementation of quantum networks, scalable quantum logic with photons, and quantum information processing on atom chips.", "doi": "10.1038/nature05147", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2006-10-12", "series_number": "7112", "volume": "443", "issue": "7112", "pages": "671-674" }, { "id": "authors:dnk00-tx587", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dnk00-tx587", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CARomems06b", "type": "book_section", "title": ">1GHz Optically Excited Vibrations of a Micron-Scale On-Chip Sphere", "book_title": "IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2006 (OMEMS '06)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": ">1 GHz optically-induced vibrations are demonstrated in an on-chip micron-scaled device in which radiation pressure of a (CW) optical input pushes the structure to mechanically oscillate. Many mechanical eigen-modes are investigated.", "doi": "10.1109/OMEMS.2006.1708331", "isbn": "0-7803-9562-X", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2006-10-09", "pages": "193-194" }, { "id": "authors:ee7fm-sx467", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ee7fm-sx467", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CARomems06a", "type": "book_section", "title": "Opto-Mechanical Chaotic Behaviour of Micron-Scaled On-Chip Resonators", "book_title": "IEEE/LEOS International Conference on Optical MEMS and Their Applications Conference, 2006 (OMEMS '06)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Cross", "given_name": "Michael C.", "clpid": "Cross-M-C" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Opto-mechanical vibration of an on-chip oscillator is experimentally excited by radiation-pressure nonlinearity to a regime where oscillation is chaotic. Period-doubling and broad power spectra are measured in spherical and toroidal-resonators.", "doi": "10.1109/OMEMS.2006.1708262", "isbn": "0-7803-9562-X", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2006-10-09", "pages": "56-57" }, { "id": "authors:7ham0-mp172", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7ham0-mp172", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110803-092110914", "type": "book_section", "title": "Photonic clocks, Raman lasers, and Biosensors on Silicon", "book_title": "2006 IEEE Leos Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Roksari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Roksari-H" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" } ], "abstract": "Micro-resonators on silicon having Q factors as high as 500 million are described, and used to demonstrate radio-frequency mechanical oscillators, micro-Raman and parametric sources with sub-100 microwatt thresholds, visible sources, as well as high-sensitivity, biological detectors.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOS.2006.278808", "isbn": "978-0-7803-9555-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2006-10", "pages": "40-41" }, { "id": "authors:mr37j-f1w31", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mr37j-f1w31", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOSpra06", "type": "article", "title": "Characterization of a radiation-pressure-driven micromechanical oscillator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "Hossein", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Hajimiri", "given_name": "Ali", "orcid": "0000-0001-6736-8019", "clpid": "Hajimiri-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We present for the first time a detailed experimental study of the oscillation frequency, linewidth, RF spectrum and the phase noise of a radiation-pressure-driven micromechanical oscillator in a microtoroid geometry. Through this study we identify the critical parameters for optimal operation of this device and derive key expressions for tailoring the desired characteristics. The outcome of this study paves the ground for exploiting this unique phenomenon in photonic systems as well as fundamental studies in macroscopic quantum mechanics.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.74.023813", "issn": "1050-2947", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2006-08-01", "series_number": "2", "volume": "74", "issue": "2", "pages": "Art. No. 023813" }, { "id": "authors:evjvp-f6r81", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "evjvp-f6r81", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ARMol06", "type": "article", "title": "Heavy water detection using ultra-high-Q microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "Andrea M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Ultra-high-Q optical microcavities (Q>10 to the 7th) provide one method for distinguishing chemically similar species. Resonators immersed in H2O have lower quality factors than those immersed in D2O due to the difference in optical absorption. This difference can be used to create a D2O detector. This effect is most noticeable at 1300 nm, where the Q(H2O) is 10(to the 6th) and the Q(D2O) is 10(to the 7th). By monitoring Q, concentrations of 0.0001% [1 part in 10(to the 6th) per volume] of D2O in H2O have been detected. This sensitivity represents an order of magnitude improvement over previous techniques. Reversible detection was also demonstrated by cyclic introduction and flushing of D2O.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2006-06-15", "series_number": "12", "volume": "31", "issue": "12", "pages": "1896-1898" }, { "id": "authors:c1bp7-a4y95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c1bp7-a4y95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190205-163125062", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultralow threshold on-chip toroidal microcavity nanocrystal quantum dot lasers", "book_title": "2006 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2006 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Sungjee", "clpid": "Kim-Sungjee" }, { "family_name": "Okamoto", "given_name": "Koichi", "clpid": "Okamoto-Koichi" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "Axel", "orcid": "0000-0002-2160-9064", "clpid": "Scherer-A" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate an on-chip toroidal microcavity nanocrystal quantum dot laser with a threshold energy below 10 femto-Joules at room temperature, a factor of 1 million lower than previously reported for strongly-confined, nanocrystal quantum dot lasers.", "doi": "10.1109/cleo.2006.4629164", "isbn": "9781557528131", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2006-05", "pages": "Art. NO. QWD6" }, { "id": "authors:dbf3b-70z05", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dbf3b-70z05", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KALjap06", "type": "article", "title": "Fabrication and characterization of erbium-doped toroidal microcavity lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kalkman", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Kalkman-J" }, { "family_name": "Tchebotareva", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Tchebotareva-A-L" }, { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886", "clpid": "Polman-A" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Bin", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Bin-Mei" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Erbium-doped SiO2 toroidal microcavity lasers are fabricated on a Si substrate using a combination of optical lithography, etching, Er ion implantation, and CO2 laser reflow. Erbium is either preimplanted in the SiO2 base material or postimplanted into a fully fabricated microtoroid. Three-dimensional infrared confocal photoluminescence spectroscopy imaging is used to determine the spatial distribution of optically active Er ions in the two types of microtoroids, and distinct differences are found. Microprobe Rutherford backscattering spectrometry indicates that no macroscopic Er diffusion occurs during the laser reflow for preimplanted microtoroids. From the measured Er doping profiles and calculated optical mode distributions the overlap factor between the Er distribution and mode profile is calculated: Gamma=0.066 and Gamma=0.02 for postimplanted and preimplanted microtoroids, respectively. Single and multimode lasing around 1.5 \u00b5m is observed for both types of microtoroids, with the lowest lasing threshold (4.5 \u00b5W) observed for the preimplanted microtoroids, which possess the smallest mode volume. When excited in the proper geometry, a clear mode spectrum is observed superimposed on the Er spontaneous emission spectrum. This result indicates the coupling of Er ions to cavity modes.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2188050", "issn": "0021-8979", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Journal of Applied Physics", "publication_date": "2006-04-15", "series_number": "8", "volume": "99", "issue": "8", "pages": "Art. No. 083103" }, { "id": "authors:hf1zg-hv445", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hf1zg-hv445", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160608-152820655", "type": "monograph", "title": "Scanning probe microscopy of thermally excited mechanical modes of an optical microcavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The resonant buildup of light within optical microcavities elevates the radiation pressure which mediates coupling of optical modes to the mechanical modes of a microcavity. Above a certain threshold pump power, regenerative mechanical oscillation occurs causing oscillation of certain mechanical eigenmodes. Here, we present a methodology to spatially image the micro-mechanical resonances of a toroid microcavity using a scanning probe technique. The method relies on recording the induced frequency shift of the mechanical eigenmode when in contact with a scanning probe tip. The method is passive in nature and achieves a sensitivity sufficient to spatially resolve the vibrational mode pattern associated with the thermally agitated displacement at room temperature. The recorded mechanical mode patterns are in good qualitative agreement with the theoretical strain fields as obtained by finite element simulations.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.0602123", "publication_date": "2006-02-17" }, { "id": "authors:9d512-z0f78", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9d512-z0f78", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:LIAol06", "type": "article", "title": "Transmission characteristics of a Fabry-Perot etalon-microtoroid resonator coupled system", "author": [ { "family_name": "Liang", "given_name": "Wei", "clpid": "Liang-Wei" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Poon", "given_name": "Joyce K. S.", "clpid": "Poon-J-K-S" }, { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Yanyi", "clpid": "Huang-Yanyi" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "The transmission spectra of a Fabry-Perot etalon coupled to a microtoroid resonator are studied theoretically and experimentally. The resonance line shapes depend strongly on the resonance wavelength detuning and coupling strength between the two resonators. A wide variety of line shapes, ranging from a single to triple peaks, symmetric to asymmetric Fano-like peaks, and notches were predicted and observed experimentally. The capability to modify the spectral line shapes by tuning the coupling between or losses of two resonators may find applications in optical filtering, switching, sensing, and dispersion engineering.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2006-02-15", "series_number": "4", "volume": "31", "issue": "4", "pages": "510-512" }, { "id": "authors:e4wha-nv586", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "e4wha-nv586", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ROKieeejstqe06", "type": "article", "title": "Theoretical and experimental study of radiation pressure-induced mechanical oscillations (parametric instability) in optical microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Radiation pressure can couple the mechanical modes of an optical cavity structure to its optical modes, leading to parametric oscillation instability. This regime is characterized by regenerative oscillation of the mechanical cavity eigenmodes. Here, we present the first observation of this effect with a detailed theoretical and experimental analysis of these oscillations in ultra-high-Q microtoroids. Embodied within a microscale, chip-based device, this mechanism can benefit both research into macroscale quantum mechanical phenomena and improve the understanding of the mechanism within the context of laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO). It also suggests that new technologies are possible that will leverage the phenomenon within photonics.", "doi": "10.1109/JSTQE.2005.862890", "issn": "1077-260X", "publisher": "IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "2006-01-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "12", "issue": "1", "pages": "96-107" }, { "id": "authors:vrdkf-drf39", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vrdkf-drf39", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110808-142735303", "type": "book_section", "title": "Biological Detectors using Ultra-High-Q Microresonators", "book_title": "2006 Digest of theLEOS Summer Topical Meetings", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Andrea", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" } ], "abstract": "Ultra-high Q toroidal resonators have demonstrated the ability to maintain Q>100 million in an\naqueous environment. These quality factors enable ultra-sensitive detection of D_2O in H_2O\n(1ppmv) and biological molecules.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOSST.2006.1693976", "isbn": "1-4244-0090-2", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2006", "pages": "50-51" }, { "id": "authors:njykm-a7s82", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "njykm-a7s82", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100423-142111516", "type": "book_section", "title": "Characterization of a Radiation-Pressure-Driven Micromechanical Oscillator", "book_title": "Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium and Exposition", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hossein-Zadeh", "given_name": "Mani", "clpid": "Hossein-Zadeh-M" }, { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "Hossein", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Hajimiri", "given_name": "Ali", "orcid": "0000-0001-6736-8019", "clpid": "Hajimiri-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We present results of an experimental study of the\noscillation frequency, linewidth, RF-spectrum and the phase\nnoise of a radiation-pressure-driven optomechanical oscillator in\na microtoroidal geometry. Through this study we identify the\ncritical parameters that can be used for tailoring the desired\ncharacteristics of this device.", "doi": "10.1109/FREQ.2006.275419", "isbn": "978-1-4244-0073-7", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2006", "pages": "405-408" }, { "id": "authors:n465c-5tj54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n465c-5tj54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MINapl05", "type": "article", "title": "Controlled transition between parametric and Raman oscillations in ultrahigh-Q silica toroidal microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A controllable and reversible transition between parametric and Raman oscillations in an ultrahigh-Q silica toroidal microcavity is experimentally demonstrated and theoretically analyzed. By direct change of cavity loading and indirect adjustment of frequency detuning, parametric and/or Raman oscillation can be accessed selectively without modification of cavity geometry in a toroidal microcavity with a large enough aspect ratio. Based on an effective cavity gain theory, this transition is analyzed in terms of cavity loading and frequency detuning leading to a better understanding of the combined effects of parametric and Raman processes in silica microcavities.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2120921", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2005-10-31", "series_number": "18", "volume": "87", "issue": "18", "pages": "Art. no. 181109" }, { "id": "authors:31100-fhg68", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "31100-fhg68", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ARMapl05", "type": "article", "title": "Ultra-high-Q microcavity operation in H2O and D2O", "author": [ { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "A. M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D. K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" } ], "abstract": "Optical microcavities provide a possible method for boosting the detection sensitivity of biomolecules. Silica-based microcavities are important because they are readily functionalized, which enables unlabeled detection. While silica resonators have been characterized in air, nearly all molecular detections are performed in solution. Therefore, it is important to determine their performance limits in an aqueous environment. In this letter, planar microtoroid resonators are used to measure the relationship between quality factor and toroid diameter at wavelengths ranging from visible to near-IR in both H2O and D2O, and results are then compared to predictions of a numerical model. Quality factors (Q) in excess of 10^8, a factor of 100 higher than previous measurements in an aqueous environment, are observed in both H2O and D2O.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2099529", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2005-10-10", "series_number": "15", "volume": "87", "issue": "15", "pages": "Art. No. 151118" }, { "id": "authors:jr7c3-r6824", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jr7c3-r6824", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110815-135603538", "type": "book_section", "title": "Micro lasers on a silicon chip", "book_title": "2005 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings (LEOS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Roksari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Roksari-H" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" } ], "abstract": "Micro-resonators on silicon having Q factors as\nhigh as 500 million are described, and then are\nused to demonstrate micro-Raman and parametric\nsources with sub-100 microWatt thresholds, as\nwell as a novel radiation-pressure driven micro-mechanical\noscillator.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOS.2005.1548182", "isbn": "0-7803-9217-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2005-10", "pages": "668-669" }, { "id": "authors:kmx6v-ama94", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kmx6v-ama94", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPprl05", "type": "article", "title": "Analysis of Radiation-Pressure Induced Mechanical Oscillation of an Optical Microcavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2160-9064", "clpid": "Scherer-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The theoretical work of Braginsky predicted that radiation pressure can couple the mechanical, mirror eigenmodes of a Fabry-P\u00e9rot resonator to its optical modes, leading to a parametric oscillation instability. This regime is characterized by regenerative mechanical oscillation of the mechanical mirror eigenmodes. We have recently observed the excitation of mechanical modes in an ultrahigh Q optical microcavity. Here, we present a detailed experimental analysis of this effect and demonstrate that radiation pressure is the excitation mechanism of the observed mechanical oscillations.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.033901", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2005-07-15", "series_number": "3", "volume": "95", "issue": "3", "pages": "Art. No. 033901" }, { "id": "authors:cx6pj-k1396", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cx6pj-k1396", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ROKoe05", "type": "article", "title": "Radiation-pressure-driven micro-mechanical oscillator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "As Q factor is boosted in microscale optical resonant systems there will be a natural tendency for these systems to experience a radiation-pressure induced instability. The instability is manifested as a regenerative oscillation (at radio frequencies) of the mechanical modes of the microcavity. The first observation of this radiation-pressure-induced instability is reported here. Embodied within a microscale, chip-based device reported here this mechanism can benefit both research into macroscale quantum mechanical phenomena [1] and improve the understanding of the mechanism within the context of LIGO [2]. It also suggests that new technologies are possible which will leverage the phenomenon within photonics.", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2005-07-11", "series_number": "14", "volume": "13", "issue": "14", "pages": "5293-5301" }, { "id": "authors:a8gne-qb469", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a8gne-qb469", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110810-085042580", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-high-Q small mode volume toroid microcavities on a chip", "book_title": "2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D. K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We present microfabrication of ultra-high-Q microcavities on a chip. These toroidal microcavities possess Q-factors in excess of 400 million and furthermore achieve a Q-factor to mode volume ratio of more than 10^6 (n/\u03bb)^3.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEOE.2005.1568350", "isbn": "0-7803-8974-3", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2005-06-17", "pages": "573-573" }, { "id": "authors:44bfk-ebs70", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "44bfk-ebs70", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110810-085634081", "type": "book_section", "title": "Purcell factor reduced scattering losses in optical microcavities", "book_title": "2005 European Quantum Electronics Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Tchebotareva", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Tchebotareva-A" }, { "family_name": "Kalkman", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Kalkman-J" }, { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886", "clpid": "Polman-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Scattering induced by silicon nano-particles in a microcavity is investigated for the case of\nsilicon nanocrystal doped microtoroids. A significant enhancement of preferential-scattering\ninto the originally doubly-degenerate cavity eigenmodes is found, exceeding >99.42%.", "doi": "10.1109/EQEC.2005.1567523", "isbn": "0-7803-8973-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2005-06-12", "pages": "358-358" }, { "id": "authors:te3cv-sbq20", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "te3cv-sbq20", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CARprl05", "type": "article", "title": "Temporal Behavior of Radiation-Pressure-Induced Vibrations of an Optical Microcavity Phonon Mode", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "Hossein", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We analyze experimentally and theoretically mechanical oscillation within an optical cavity stimulated by the pressure of circulating optical radiation. The resulting radio frequency cavity vibrations (phonon mode) cause modulation of the incident, continuous-wave (cw) input pump beam. Furthermore, with increasing cw pump power, an evolution from sinusoidal modulation to random oscillations is observed in the pump power coupled from the resonator. The temporal evolution with pump power is studied, and agreement was found with theory. In addition to applications in quantum optomechanics, the present work suggests that radiation-pressure-induced effects can establish a practical limit for the miniaturization of optical silica microcavities.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.223902", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2005-06-10", "series_number": "22", "volume": "94", "issue": "22", "pages": "Art. No. 223902" }, { "id": "authors:3ffdf-fsr05", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3ffdf-fsr05", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110815-141251582", "type": "book_section", "title": "Optical microcavities", "book_title": "2005 European Quantum Electronics Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Microcavity physics and design will be reviewed. Following an overview of applications in quantum optics, communications and biosensing, recent advances in ultra-high-Q research will be presented.", "doi": "10.1109/EQEC.2005.1567517", "isbn": "0-7803-8973-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2005-06", "pages": "352-352" }, { "id": "authors:btdmq-qgx94", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "btdmq-qgx94", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110818-131228626", "type": "book_section", "title": "Radiation-pressure induced mechanical oscillation of an\n optical microcavity", "book_title": "2005 European Quantum Electronics Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Microcavities can enter a regime where radiation pressure causes oscillation of mechanical cavity eigenmodes. We present a detailed experimental and theoretical understanding of this effect, and report direct scanning probe spectroscopy of the micro-mechanical modes.", "doi": "10.1109/EQEC.2005.1567277", "isbn": "0-7803-8973-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, N.J.", "publication_date": "2005-06", "pages": "106-106" }, { "id": "authors:3p84c-qha45", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3p84c-qha45", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110818-150739799", "type": "book_section", "title": "A chip-based micro-cavity optical parametric oscillator", "book_title": "2005 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We report a micro-scale optical parametric oscillator (\u03bcOPO). Oscillations are observed at low threshold values (170 micro-Watts) with highly ideal (97%) signal-to-idler photon emission. High conversion efficiencies (36%) are achieved.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEOE.2005.1567999", "isbn": "0-7803-8974-3", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, N.J.", "publication_date": "2005-06", "pages": "213-213" }, { "id": "authors:whwm1-bvd26", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "whwm1-bvd26", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160608-152404236", "type": "monograph", "title": "Purcell factor enhanced scattering efficiency in optical microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Tchebotareva", "given_name": "A. L.", "clpid": "Tchebotareva-A-L" }, { "family_name": "Kalkman", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Kalkman-J" }, { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886", "clpid": "Polman-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Scattering processes in an optical microcavity are investigated for the case of silicon nanocrystals embedded in an ultra-high Q toroid microcavity. Using a novel measurement technique based on the observable mode-splitting, we demonstrate that light scattering is highly preferential: more than 99.8% of the scattered photon flux is scattered into the original doubly-degenerate cavity modes. The large capture efficiency is attributed to an increased scattering rate into the cavity mode, due to the enhancement of the optical density of states over the free space value and has the same origin as the Purcell effect in spontaneous emission. The experimentally determined Purcell factor amounts to 883.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.0505106", "publication_date": "2005-05-16" }, { "id": "authors:ane93-ye086", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ane93-ye086", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CARoe05", "type": "article", "title": "Feedback control of ultra-high-Q microcavities: application to micro-Raman lasers and microparametric oscillators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "Hosein", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "Sean", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate locking of an on-chip, high-Q toroidal-cavity to a pump laser using two, distinct methods: coupled power stabilization and wavelength locking of pump laser to the microcavity. In addition to improvements in operation of previously demonstrated micro-Raman and micro-OPO lasers, these techniques have enabled observation of a continuous, cascaded nonlinear process in which photons generated by optical parametric oscillations (OPO) function as a pump for Raman lasing. Dynamical behavior of the feedback control systems is also shown including the interplay between the control loop and the thermal nonlinearity. The demonstrated stabilization loop is essential for studying generation of nonclassical states using a microcavity optical parametric oscillator.", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2005-05-02", "series_number": "9", "volume": "13", "issue": "9", "pages": "3558-3566" }, { "id": "authors:ddny6-dgj13", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ddny6-dgj13", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:YANapl05", "type": "article", "title": "Erbium-doped and Raman microlasers on a silicon chip fabricated by the sol\u2013gel process", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "Sean M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We report high-Q sol\u2013gel microresonators on silicon chips, fabricated directly from a sol\u2013gel layer deposited onto a silicon substrate. Quality factors as high as 2.5\u00d710^7 at 1561 nm were obtained in toroidal microcavities formed of silica sol\u2013gel, which allowed Raman lasing at absorbed pump powers below 1 mW. Additionally, Er3+-doped microlasers were fabricated from Er3+-doped sol\u2013gel layers with control of the laser dynamics possible by varying the erbium concentration of the starting sol\u2013gel material. Continuous lasing with a threshold of 660 nW for erbium-doped microlaser was also obtained.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1873043", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2005-02-28", "series_number": "9", "volume": "86", "issue": "9", "pages": "Art. No. 091114" }, { "id": "authors:qqm5x-x9p77", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qqm5x-x9p77", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ROKol05", "type": "article", "title": "Observation of Kerr nonlinearity in microcavities at room temperature", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "Hossein", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We have devised and experimentally verified a method for observation of the optical Kerr effect in microcavities at room temperature. The technique discriminates against the much larger and typically dominant thermal component of nonlinearity by using its relatively slow frequency response. Measurement of the Kerr coefficient or equivalently of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the cavity material is demonstrated for a silica microcavity. With this approach, useful information about the characteristic thermal response time in microresonators can also be acquired.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2005-02-15", "series_number": "4", "volume": "30", "issue": "4", "pages": "427-429" }, { "id": "authors:z1x11-4b886", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "z1x11-4b886", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SPIpra05", "type": "article", "title": "Ultrahigh-Q toroidal microresonators for cavity quantum electrodynamics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Goh", "given_name": "K. W.", "clpid": "Goh-Kok-Win" }, { "family_name": "Wilcut", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Wilcut-E" }, { "family_name": "Kimble", "given_name": "H. J.", "clpid": "Kimble-H-J" } ], "abstract": "We investigate the suitability of toroidal microcavities for strong-coupling cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). Numerical modeling of the optical modes demonstrate a significant reduction of the modal volume with respect to the whispering gallery modes of dielectric spheres, while retaining the high-quality factors representative of spherical cavities. The extra degree of freedom of toroid microcavities can be used to achieve improved cavity QED characteristics. Numerical results for atom-cavity coupling strength g, critical atom number No, and critical photon number no for cesium are calculated and shown to exceed values currently possible using Fabry-Perot cavities. Modeling predicts coupling rates g/2\u03c0 exceeding 700 MHz and critical atom numbers approaching 10\u207b\u2077 in optimized structures. Furthermore, preliminary experimental measurements of toroidal cavities at a wavelength of 852 nm indicate that quality factors in excess of 10\u2078 can be obtained in a 50-\u00b5m principal diameter cavity, which would result in strong-coupling values of (g/(2\u03c0),n(0),N-0) = (86 MHz, 4.6 x 10\u207b\u2074, 1.0 x 10\u207b\u00b3).", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.71.013817", "issn": "1050-2947", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2005-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "71", "issue": "1", "pages": "Art. No. 013817" }, { "id": "authors:5kam2-npj91", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5kam2-npj91", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPqels05b", "type": "book_section", "title": "Purcell factor enhanced scattering efficiency in silicon nanocrystal doped micro-cavities", "book_title": "2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), May 22-27, 2005, Baltimore, MD", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Tschebotareva", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Tschebotareva-A" }, { "family_name": "Kalkman", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Kalkman-J" }, { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886", "clpid": "Polman-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Scattering induced by nano-particles in a microcavity is investigated for the case of silicon nanocrystal doped microtoroids and a significant enhancement of scattering into the originally doubly-degenerate cavity eigenmodes is found, exceeding >99.42%.", "doi": "10.1109/QELS.2005.1548675", "isbn": "1557527962", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2005", "pages": "62-64" }, { "id": "authors:9x6hx-6x496", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9x6hx-6x496", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110815-140545847", "type": "book_section", "title": "Micro-lasers on a silicon chip: toward silicon photonics", "book_title": "2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" } ], "abstract": "Demonstration and performance of micro-lasers on a silicon micro-electronic chip are reviewed. These devices use the Raman and parametric nonlinearities of thermal silica grown on silicon and exhibit sub-100 micro Watt thresholds at high quantum efficiency.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEO.2005.202294", "isbn": "1-55752-795-4", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2005", "pages": "1844-1845" }, { "id": "authors:c5p4f-c4384", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c5p4f-c4384", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110816-111336050", "type": "book_section", "title": "Transition between parametric and Raman oscillation in high-Q silica toroidal microcavities", "book_title": "2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A controlled and reversible transition between parametric and Raman oscillation in a high-Q silica toroidal microcavity is demonstrated. By changing cavity loading and frequency\ndetuning, parametric or Raman oscillation can be accessed without any modification of cavity geometry.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEO.2005.201779", "isbn": "1-55752-795-4", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2005", "pages": "360-362" }, { "id": "authors:tptc5-nbh08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "tptc5-nbh08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110819-104136831", "type": "book_section", "title": "Micro-Molded High Q Polymer Resonators for Optical Loss Determination", "book_title": "Micro- and Nanosystems-Materials and Devices", "author": [ { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Andrea L.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-A-L" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "Akil", "clpid": "Srinivasan-A" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "Deniz K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Ozkan", "given_name": "C. S.", "clpid": "Ozkan-C-S" }, { "family_name": "LaVan", "given_name": "D. A.", "clpid": "LaVan-D-A" }, { "family_name": "McNie", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "McNie-M" }, { "family_name": "Prasad", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Prasad-S" } ], "abstract": "Replica molding of ultra-high-Q toroidal microresonators can produce polymer microresonators with material-limited quality factors (Q). This was demonstrated previously\nusing polymers which cure thermally. In this work, high Q polymer microresonators were fabricated using the replica molding technique from previously uncharacterized polymers which require either a thermal or UV cure. The quality factor and effective refractive index of whispering gallery modes was measured at wavelengths ranging from the visible (680nm) through the near-IR (1550nm). The optical absorption coefficient (material absorption) of these\npreviously uncharacterized polymers was determined from the quality factor and effective refractive index of the polymer.", "isbn": "1-55899-826-8", "publisher": "Materials Research Society", "place_of_publication": "Warrendale, PA", "publication_date": "2005", "pages": "111-116" }, { "id": "authors:vmymx-5z780", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vmymx-5z780", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPqels05a", "type": "book_section", "title": "Characterization and scanning probe spectroscopy of radiation-pressure induced mechanical oscillation of a microcavity", "book_title": "2005 Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS), May 22-27, 2005, Baltimore, MD", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Microcavities can enter a regime where radiation pressure causes oscillation of mechanical cavity eigenmodes. We present a detailed experimental and theoretical understanding of this effect, and report direct scanning probe spectroscopy of the micro-mechanical modes.", "doi": "10.1109/QELS.2005.1548789", "isbn": "1557527962", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2005", "pages": "383-385" }, { "id": "authors:rbbw1-eqv98", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rbbw1-eqv98", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110609-075242264", "type": "book_section", "title": "Temporal Behavior of Radiation-Pressure-Induced RF Oscillation of an Optical Micro-Cavity Phonon Mode", "book_title": "2005 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "Hossein", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We analyze experimentally and theoretically mechanical oscillation at RF frequency within an optical cavity stimulated by the pressure of circulating optical radiation. Oscillations and chaos were observed in output power.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEO.2005.201986", "isbn": "1-55752-795-4", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2005", "pages": "951-953" }, { "id": "authors:8cdmx-xa814", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8cdmx-xa814", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPapl04", "type": "article", "title": "Demonstration of ultra-high-Q small mode volume toroid microcavities on a chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical microcavities confine light spatially and temporally and find application in a wide range of fundamental and applied studies. In many areas, the microcavity figure of merit is not only determined by photon lifetime (or the equivalent quality-factor, Q), but also by simultaneous achievement of small mode volume (V). Here we demonstrate ultra-high Q-factor small mode volume toroid microcavities on-a-chip, which exhibit a Q/V factor of more than 10^6 (lambda/n)^\u20133. These values are the highest reported to date for any chip-based microcavity. A corresponding Purcell factor in excess of 200,000 and a cavity finesse of > 2.8\u00d710^6 is achieved, demonstrating that toroid microcavities are promising candidates for studies of the Purcell effect, cavity QED or biochemical sensing.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1833556", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2004-12-20", "series_number": "25", "volume": "85", "issue": "25", "pages": "6113-6115" }, { "id": "authors:6m2qj-eat42", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6m2qj-eat42", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110824-081335831", "type": "book_section", "title": "Observation of Kerr nonlinearity in micro-cavities at room temperature", "book_title": "2004 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "Hossein", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We have devised and experimentally verified a method for observation of the optical Kerr effect in micro-cavities at room temperature. The technique discriminates against typically dominant thermal component of nonlinearity using its relatively slow frequency response.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOS.2004.1363504", "isbn": "0-7803-8557-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2004-11", "pages": "843-844" }, { "id": "authors:z6jy5-hyd27", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "z6jy5-hyd27", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ARMapl04", "type": "article", "title": "Electrical thermo-optic tuning of ultrahigh-Q microtoroid resonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "Deniz", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Andrea M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The ability to tune resonant frequency in optical microcavities is an essential feature for many applications. Integration of electrical-based tuning as part of the fabrication process has been a key advantage of planar microresonant devices. Until recently, the combination of these features has not been available in devices that operate in the ultrahigh-Q regime where device quality factors (Q) can exceed 100 million. In this letter, we demonstrate an electrically tunable resonator on a chip with ultrahigh-quality factors. Futhermore, the devices have demonstrated tuning rates in excess of 85 GHz/V2 and are capable of tuning more than 300 GHz.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1825069", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2004-10-29", "series_number": "22", "volume": "85", "issue": "22", "pages": "5439-5441" }, { "id": "authors:6tesq-w5c45", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6tesq-w5c45", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ROKapl04", "type": "article", "title": "Loss characterization in microcavities using the thermal bistability effect", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a powerful method based on the thermal bistability effect to characterize distinct loss mechanisms limiting the quality factor of microresonators. The relative importance of absorption and scattering losses are investigated in toroidal microcavities using this technique. Empirical results on thermal nonlinearity of these structures have been used to study the interaction of microtoroids with their ambient environment.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1804240", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2004-10-11", "series_number": "15", "volume": "85", "issue": "15", "pages": "3029-3031" }, { "id": "authors:4gyen-3s411", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4gyen-3s411", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CARoe04", "type": "article", "title": "Dynamical thermal behavior and thermal self-stability of microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Carmon", "given_name": "Tal", "orcid": "0000-0002-4727-6368", "clpid": "Carmon-T" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "As stability and continuous operation are important for almost any use of a microcavity, we demonstrate here experimentally and theoretically a self-stable equilibrium solution for a pump-microcavity system. In this stable equilibrium, intensity- and wavelength-perturbations cause a small thermal resonant-drift that is enough to compensate for the perturbation (noises); consequently the cavity stays warm and loaded as perturbations are self compensated. We also compare here, our theoretical prediction for the thermal line broadening (and for the wavelength hysteretic response) to experimental results.", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2004-10-04", "series_number": "20", "volume": "12", "issue": "20", "pages": "4742-4750" }, { "id": "authors:t9haq-3g953", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t9haq-3g953", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPieeejstqe04", "type": "article", "title": "Theoretical and experimental study of stimulated and cascaded Raman scattering in ultrahigh-Q optical microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "Sean N.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in ultrahigh-Q (UHQ) surface-tension-induced spherical and chip-based toroid microcavities is considered both theoretically and experimentally. These microcavities are fabricated from silica, exhibit small mode volume (typically 1000 /spl mu/m/sup 3/) and possess whispering-gallery type modes with long photon storage times (in the range of 100 ns), significantly reducing the threshold for stimulated nonlinear optical phenomena. Oscillation threshold levels of less than 100 /spl mu/W of launched fiber pump power, in microcavities with quality factors of 100 million are observed. Using a steady-state analysis of the coupled-mode equations for the pump and Raman whispering-gallery modes, the threshold, efficiencies and cascading properties of SRS in UHQ devices are derived. The results are experimentally confirmed in the telecommunication band (1550 nm) using tapered optical fibers as highly efficient waveguide coupling elements for both pumping and signal extraction. The device performance dependence on coupling, quality factor and modal volume are measured and found to be in good agreement with theory. This includes analysis of the threshold and efficiency for cascaded Raman scattering. The side-by-side study of nonlinear oscillation in both spherical microcavities and toroid microcavities on-a-chip also allows for comparison of their properties. In addition to the benefits of a wafer-scale geometry, including integration with optical, electrical, or mechanical functionality, microtoroids on-a-chip exhibit single mode Raman oscillation over a wide range of pump powers.", "doi": "10.1109/JSTQE.2004.837203", "issn": "1077-260X", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "2004-09", "series_number": "5", "volume": "10", "issue": "5", "pages": "1219-1228" }, { "id": "authors:q27vx-new55", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "q27vx-new55", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MINpra04", "type": "article", "title": "Erbium-implanted high-Q silica toroidal microcavity laser on a silicon chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kalkman", "given_name": "Jeroen", "clpid": "Kalkman-J" }, { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "Albert", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886", "clpid": "Polman-A" } ], "abstract": "Lasing from an erbium-doped high-Q silica toroidal microcavity coupled to a tapered optical fiber is demonstrated and analyzed. Average erbium ion concentrations were in the range 0.009\u20130.09 at. %, and a threshold power as low as 4.5 \u00b5W and an output lasing power as high as 39.4 \u00b5W are obtained from toroidal cavities with major diameters in the range 25\u201380 \u00b5m. Controlling lasing wavelength in a discrete way at each whispering-gallery mode was possible by changing the cavity loading, i.e., the distance between the tapered optical fiber and the microcavity. Analytic formulas predicting threshold power and differential slope efficiency are derived and their dependence on cavity loading, erbium ion concentration, and Q factor is analyzed. It is shown that the experimental results are in good agreement with the derived formulas.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.70.033803", "issn": "1050-2947", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2004-09", "series_number": "3", "volume": "70", "issue": "3", "pages": "Art. no. 033803" }, { "id": "authors:rr1gf-49731", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rr1gf-49731", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPprl04", "type": "article", "title": "Kerr-Nonlinearity Optical Parametric Oscillation in an Ultrahigh-Q Toroid Microcavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Kerr-nonlinearity induced optical parametric oscillation in a microcavity is reported for the first time. Geometrical control of toroid microcavities enables a transition from stimulated Raman to optical parametric-oscillation regimes. Optical parametric oscillation is observed at record low threshold levels (174 micro-Watts of launched power) more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than for optical-fiber-based optical parametric oscillation. In addition to their microscopic size (typically tens of microns), these oscillators are wafer based, exhibit high conversion efficiency (36%), and are operating in a highly ideal \"two photon\" emission regime, with near-unity (0.97\u00b10.03) idler-to-signal ratio.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.083904", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2004-08-20", "series_number": "8", "volume": "93", "issue": "8", "pages": "Art. no. 083904" }, { "id": "authors:g428d-az472", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "g428d-az472", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110831-153145989", "type": "book_section", "title": "Modal properties of toroidal microcavities", "book_title": "2004 digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings", "author": [ { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We investigate the resonance structure and modal properties of chip-based toroidal microcavities. The variation of modal volume and radiation quality factor versus the toroidal geometrical aspect ratio is studied.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOSST.2004.1338733", "isbn": "0-7803-8306-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2004-07", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:9gjb1-c6232", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9gjb1-c6232", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110824-081843508", "type": "book_section", "title": "Loss characterization in micro-cavities using the thermal bistability effect", "book_title": "2004 Digest of the LEOS Summer Topical Meetings", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We investigate the role of absorption and scattering losses in limiting the quality factor of toroidal micro-cavities by monitoring the threshold power for thermal bistability in these structures.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOSST.2004.1338754", "isbn": "0-7803-8306-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2004-07", "pages": "52-53" }, { "id": "authors:td9cm-f4d62", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "td9cm-f4d62", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110818-153314838", "type": "book_section", "title": "Raman and Optical Parametric oscillation in ultra-high-Q\n planar microcavities", "book_title": "Biophotonics/Optical Interconnects and VLSI Photonics/WBM Microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The ultra-high-Q and small mode volume of chip-based toroid microcavities, allows to significantly reduce the threshold for all common nonlinear optical phenomena. Here we report on stimulated Raman and optical parametric oscillation in these cavities.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOSST.2004.1338727", "isbn": "0-7803-8306-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, N.J.", "publication_date": "2004-07", "pages": "5-6" }, { "id": "authors:nb03q-2d870", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nb03q-2d870", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ROKprl04", "type": "article", "title": "Ultralow Loss, High Q, Four Port Resonant Couplers for Quantum Optics and Photonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rokhsari", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Rokhsari-H" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a low-loss, optical four port resonant coupler (add-drop geometry), using ultrahigh Q (>108) toroidal microcavities. Different regimes of operation are investigated by variation of coupling between resonator and fiber taper waveguides. As a result, waveguide-to-waveguide power transfer efficiency of 93% (0.3 dB loss) and nonresonant insertion loss of 0.02% (<0.001 dB) for narrow bandwidth (57 MHz) four port couplers are achieved in this work. The combination of low-loss, fiber compatibility, and wafer-scale design would be suitable for a variety of applications ranging from quantum optics to photonic networks.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.253905", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2004-06-25", "series_number": "25", "volume": "92", "issue": "25", "pages": "Art. No. 253905" }, { "id": "authors:n9ht1-aj120", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n9ht1-aj120", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPol04", "type": "article", "title": "Ultralow-threshold microcavity Raman laser on a microelectronic chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D. K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Using ultrahigh-Q toroid microcavities on a chip, we demonstrate a monolithic microcavity Raman laser. Cavity photon lifetimes in excess of 100 ns combined with mode volumes typically of less than 1000 \u00b5m^3 significantly reduce the threshold for stimulated Raman scattering. In conjunction with the high ideality of a tapered optical fiber coupling junction, stimulated Raman lasing is observed at an ultralow threshold (as low as 74 \u00b5W of fiber-launched power at 1550 nm) with high efficiency (up to 45% at the critical coupling point) in good agreement with theoretical modeling. Equally important, the wafer-scale nature of these devices should permit integration with other photonic, mechanical, or electrical functionality on a chip.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2004-06-01", "series_number": "11", "volume": "29", "issue": "11", "pages": "1224-1226" }, { "id": "authors:84517-t0x34", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "84517-t0x34", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110831-103703931", "type": "book_section", "title": "Solgel route to erbium-doped microlasers and Raman microlasers on-a-chip", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "Sean M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Ultra-high-Q microresonators are fabricated on silicon chips by the solgel technique. Using wafer-based processing and selective reflow, we create toroid-shaped Er-doped microlasers directly from Er-doped solgel layers and Raman microlasers from undoped silica solgel layers.", "isbn": "1-55752-777-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, D.C.", "publication_date": "2004-05", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:mzw5z-d3636", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mzw5z-d3636", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110823-094832465", "type": "book_section", "title": "A chip-based micro-cavity optical parametric oscillator (\u00b5OPO)", "book_title": "2004 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We report a micro-scale optical parametric oscillator (\u00b5OPO). Oscillations are observed at record low threshold values (170 micro-Watts) with highly ideal (97%) signal-to-idler photon emission. High conversion efficiencies (36%) are achieved.", "isbn": "1-55752-777-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2004-05", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:hseqx-tqn18", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hseqx-tqn18", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MARol04", "type": "article", "title": "Replica-molded high-Q polymer microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Martin", "given_name": "Andrea L.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104", "clpid": "Armani-Andrea-Martin" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "Deniz K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Ultrahigh-Q microtoroids on a chip are applied as replication masters to demonstrate replica-molded high-Q microresonator arrays. Replica Q factors are nearly material loss limited, affirming the integrity of the replication process, and are as high as 5\u00d710 6, or nearly a factor of 40 greater than previous polymer-based devices. Because the molding process is nondestructive, both the master and the molds can be reused. Additionally, by using a novel optical polymer (Vicast), we demonstrate storage of high-Q microresonators in the mold for weeks, providing a method to preserve the whispering-gallery Q factor.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2004-03-15", "series_number": "6", "volume": "29", "issue": "6", "pages": "533-535" }, { "id": "authors:3jzkb-e5p16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3jzkb-e5p16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:POLapl04", "type": "article", "title": "Ultralow-threshold erbium-implanted toroidal microlaser on silicon", "author": [ { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886", "clpid": "Polman-A" }, { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Kalkman", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Kalkman-J" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We present an erbium-doped microlaser on silicon operating at a wavelength of 1.5 mum that operates at a launched pump threshold as low as 4.5 muW. The 40 mum diameter toroidal microresonator is made using a combination of erbium ion implantation, photolithography, wet and dry etching, and laser annealing, using a thermally grown SiO2 film on a Si substrate as a starting material. The microlaser, doped with an average Er concentration of 2x10^(19) cm(-3), is pumped at 1480 nm using an evanescently coupled tapered optical fiber. Cavity quality factors as high as 3.9x10^(7) are achieved, corresponding to a modal loss of 0.007 dB/cm, and single-mode lasing is observed.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1646748", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2004-02-16", "series_number": "7", "volume": "84", "issue": "7", "pages": "1037-1039" }, { "id": "authors:t9843-c2x17", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t9843-c2x17", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VERieeeptl04", "type": "article", "title": "Alignment-insensitive coupling for PLC-based surface mount photonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vernooy", "given_name": "David W.", "clpid": "Vernooy-D-W" }, { "family_name": "Paslaski", "given_name": "Joel S.", "clpid": "Paslaski-J-S" }, { "family_name": "Blauvelt", "given_name": "Henry A.", "clpid": "Blauvelt-H" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Lee-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A flip-chip waveguide coupler with an order of magnitude greater alignment tolerance than competing approaches is presented for the first time. Experimental data for an \"optical jumper\" agree with simple design considerations. Application to a planar lightwave circuit-based surface mount photonics platform is outlined.", "doi": "10.1109/LPT.2003.819392", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "2004-01-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "16", "issue": "1", "pages": "269-271" }, { "id": "authors:p3kpt-ext11", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p3kpt-ext11", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111014-135058008", "type": "book_section", "title": "Nonlinear optics as a probe of the mode volume of ultra-high-Q toroid microcavities", "book_title": "LEOS 2003 : the 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers & Electro-Optics Society", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We have investigated both numerically and experimentally the mode volume of ultra-high-Q toroid micro-cavities on a chip. Reduction of the mode volume with increasing confinement is predicted numerically, and experimentally observed by a lowering of the threshold for stimulated Raman scattering.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOS.2003.1251738", "isbn": "0-7803-7888-1", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2003-10", "pages": "264-265" }, { "id": "authors:5bzhn-pwg96", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5bzhn-pwg96", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MINol03", "type": "article", "title": "Compact, fiber-compatible, cascaded Raman laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Min", "given_name": "Bumki", "clpid": "Min-Bumki" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "Tobias J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Cascaded Raman Stokes lasing in an ultrahigh-Q silica microsphere resonator coupled to a tapered fiber is demonstrated and analyzed. With less than 900 \u03bcW of pump power near 980 nm, five cascaded Stokes lasing lines are generated. In addition, a threshold power of 56.4 \u03bcW for the first-order Stokes lasing is achieved. The Stokes lasing lines exhibit distinct characteristics depending on their order, as predicted by theoretical analysis.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2003-09-01", "series_number": "17", "volume": "28", "issue": "17", "pages": "1507-1509" }, { "id": "authors:ntmby-cbr82", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ntmby-cbr82", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHnature03", "type": "article", "title": "Optical microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of applications and studies. For example, microcavities made of active III-V semiconductor materials control laser emission spectra to enable long-distance transmission of data over optical fibres; they also ensure narrow spot-size laser read/write beams in CD and DVD players. In quantum optical devices, microcavities can coax atoms or quantum dots to emit spontaneous photons in a desired direction or can provide an environment where dissipative mechanisms such as spontaneous emission are overcome so that quantum entanglement of radiation and matter is possible. Applications of these remarkable devices are as diverse as their geometrical and resonant properties.", "doi": "10.1038/nature01939", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2003-08-14", "series_number": "6950", "volume": "424", "issue": "6950", "pages": "839-846" }, { "id": "authors:q7jpe-9e740", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "q7jpe-9e740", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:YANapl03", "type": "article", "title": "Fiber-coupled erbium microlasers on a chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D. K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "An erbium-doped, toroid-shaped microlaser fabricated on a silicon chip is described and characterized. Erbium-doped sol-gel films are applied to the surface of a silica toroidal microresonator to create the microcavity lasers. Highly confined whispering gallery modes make possible single-mode and ultralow threshold microlasers.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1598623", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2003-08-04", "series_number": "5", "volume": "83", "issue": "5", "pages": "825-826" }, { "id": "authors:xskxh-gtp47", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xskxh-gtp47", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPapl03", "type": "article", "title": "Fabrication and coupling to planar high-Q silica disk microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D. K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Using standard lithographic techniques, we demonstrate fabrication of silica disk microcavities, which exhibit whispering-gallery-type modes having quality factors (Q) in excess of 1 million. Efficient coupling (high extinction at critical coupling and low, nonresonant insertion loss) to and from the disk structure is achieved by the use of tapered optical fibers. The observed high Q is attributed to the wedged-shaped edge of the disk microcavity, which is believed to isolate modes from the disk perimeter and thereby reduce scattering loss. The mode spectrum is measured and the influence of planar confinement on the mode structure is investigated. We analyze the use of these resonators for very low loss devices, such as add/drop filters.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1593833", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2003-07-28", "series_number": "4", "volume": "83", "issue": "4", "pages": "797-799" }, { "id": "authors:j0f96-ppw34", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "j0f96-ppw34", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SPIprl03", "type": "article", "title": "Ideality in a fiber-taper-coupled microresonator system for application to cavity quantum electrodynamics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "O. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The ability to achieve near lossless coupling between a waveguide and a resonator is fundamental to many quantum-optical studies as well as to practical applications of such structures. The nature of loss at the junction is described by a figure of merit called ideality. It is shown here that under appropriate conditions ideality in excess of 99.97% is possible using fiber-taper coupling to high-Q silica microspheres. To verify this level of coupling, a technique is introduced that can both measure ideality over a range of coupling strengths and provide a practical diagnostic of parasitic coupling within the fiber-taper-waveguide junction.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.043902", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2003-07-25", "series_number": "4", "volume": "91", "issue": "4", "pages": "Art. No. 043902" }, { "id": "authors:1qqt7-rhq73", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1qqt7-rhq73", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111017-152043501", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra low-threshold monolithic micro-Raman laser", "book_title": "2003 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D. K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a Raman laser integrated onto a silicon microchip, using an ultra-high-Q toroidal microcavity. Low pump power thresholds (210 microwatts) and Raman output powers of 1.2 milliWatts were obtained at 1650 nm.", "isbn": "1557527482", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2003-06", "pages": "CWJ7" }, { "id": "authors:8vfn0-dcz64", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8vfn0-dcz64", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111028-113958737", "type": "book_section", "title": "Surface-functionalized silica microsphere lasers", "book_title": "2003 Conference of Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Er-doped sol gel films are applied to the surface of silica microspheres to create low threshold microcavity lasers. By varying the thickness of the applied sol-gel layer, both continuous wave and pulsating modes of operation are possible.", "isbn": "1-55752-748-2", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, D.C.", "publication_date": "2003-06", "pages": "453-454" }, { "id": "authors:eys3n-dxb08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "eys3n-dxb08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111017-152545284", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavities on a chip", "book_title": "2003 Conference of Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D. K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate microfabrication of ultra-high-Q microcavities on a chip, exhibiting a novel toroid-shaped geometry. The cavities possess Q-factors in excess of 100 million which constitutes an improvement close to 4 orders-of-magnitude in Q compared to previous work [B. Gayral, et al., 1999].", "isbn": "1557527482", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2003-06", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:82xg0-9q943", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "82xg0-9q943", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:YANol03", "type": "article", "title": "Gain functionalization of silica microresonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Lan", "clpid": "Yang-Lan" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Erbium-doped solgel films are applied to the surface of silica microspheres to create low-threshold microcavity lasers. This gain functionalization can be applied by use of a number of different dopants, thereby extending the wavelength range of this class of device. Also, by varying the doping concentration and thickness of the applied solgel layer, one can vary the laser dynamics so that both continuous-wave and pulsating modes of operation are possible.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2003-04-15", "series_number": "8", "volume": "28", "issue": "8", "pages": "592-594" }, { "id": "authors:ade3b-q6604", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ade3b-q6604", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150401-103707712", "type": "article", "title": "Ultra-high-Q toroid microcavity on a chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Armani", "given_name": "D. K.", "clpid": "Armani-D-K" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The circulation of light within dielectric volumes enables storage of optical power near specific resonant frequencies and is important in a wide range of fields including cavity quantum electrodynamics, photonics, biosensing and nonlinear optics. Optical trajectories occur near the interface of the volume with its surroundings, making their performance strongly dependent upon interface quality. With a nearly atomic-scale surface finish, surface-tension-induced microcavities such as liquid droplets or spheres are superior to all other dielectric microresonant structures when comparing photon lifetime or, equivalently, cavity Q factor. Despite these advantageous properties, the physical characteristics of such systems are not easily controlled during fabrication. It is known that wafer-based processing of resonators can achieve parallel processing and control, as well as integration with other functions. However, such resonators-on-a-chip suffer from Q factors that are many orders of magnitude lower than for surface-tension-induced microcavities, making them unsuitable for ultra-high-Q experiments. Here we demonstrate a process for producing silica toroid-shaped microresonators-on-a-chip with Q factors in excess of 100 million using a combination of lithography, dry etching and a selective reflow process. Such a high Q value was previously attainable only by droplets or microspheres and represents an improvement of nearly four orders of magnitude over previous chip-based resonators.", "doi": "10.1038/nature01371", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2003-02-27", "series_number": "6926", "volume": "421", "issue": "6926", "pages": "925-928" }, { "id": "authors:n4m7p-wdf16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n4m7p-wdf16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KIPol02", "type": "article", "title": "Modal coupling in traveling-wave resonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "High-Q traveling-wave-resonators can enter a regime in which even minute scattering amplitudes associated with either bulk or surface imperfections can drive the system into the so-called strong modal coupling regime. Resonators that enter this regime have their coupling properties radically altered and can mimic a narrowband reflector. We experimentally confirm recently predicted deviations from criticality in such strongly coupled systems. Observations of resonators that had Q>10^8 and modal coupling parameters as large as 30 were shown to reflect more than 94% of an incoming optical signal within a narrow bandwidth of 40 MHz.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2002-10-01", "series_number": "19", "volume": "27", "issue": "19", "pages": "1669-1671" }, { "id": "authors:0k5fw-8fs73", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0k5fw-8fs73", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150327-124412757", "type": "article", "title": "Ultralow-threshold Raman laser using a spherical dielectric microcavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Spillane", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Spillane-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Kippenberg", "given_name": "T. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3408-886X", "clpid": "Kippenberg-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The ability to confine and store optical energy in small volumes has implications in fields ranging from cavity quantum electrodynamics to photonics. Of all cavity geometries, micrometre-sized dielectric spherical resonators are the best in terms of their ability to store energy for long periods of time within small volumes. In the sphere, light orbits near the surface, where long confinement times (high Q) effectively wrap a large interaction distance into a tiny volume. This characteristic makes such resonators uniquely suited for studies of nonlinear coupling of light with matter. Early work recognized these attributes through Raman excitation in microdroplets\u2014but microdroplets have not been used in practical applications. Here we demonstrate a micrometre-scale, nonlinear Raman source that has a highly efficient pump\u2013signal conversion (higher than 35%) and pump thresholds nearly 1,000 times lower than shown before. This represents a route to compact, ultralow-threshold sources for numerous wavelength bands that are usually difficult to access. Equally important, this system can provide a compact and simple building block for studying nonlinear optical effects and the quantum aspects of light.", "doi": "10.1038/415621a", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2002-02-07", "series_number": "6872", "volume": "415", "issue": "6872", "pages": "621-623" }, { "id": "authors:7723z-xvx02", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7723z-xvx02", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CAIol01", "type": "article", "title": "Highly efficient hybrid fiber taper coupled microsphere laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cai", "given_name": "Ming", "clpid": "Cai-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A novel hybrid fiber taper is proposed and demonstrated as the coupler in a microsphere laser system. The pump wave and the laser emission, respectively, are more efficiently coupled to and from the sphere modes with this taper structure. A 980-nm pumped erbium\u2013ytterbium codoped phosphate microsphere laser is demonstrated in the 1550-nm band. As much as 112 \u00b5W of single-frequency laser output power was measured, with a differential quantum efficiency of 12%.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2001-06-15", "series_number": "12", "volume": "26", "issue": "12", "pages": "884-886" }, { "id": "authors:baxhy-qn940", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "baxhy-qn940", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111116-142506505", "type": "article", "title": "All-optical logic circuits based on polarization properties of nondegenerate four-wave mixing", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bhardwaj", "given_name": "Ashish", "orcid": "0000-0001-6147-3360", "clpid": "Bhardwaj-A" }, { "family_name": "Hedekvist", "given_name": "Per Olof", "clpid": "Hedekvist-P-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "All-optical logic circuits based on the polarization properties of nondegenerate four-wave mixing are proposed. Schemes to perform multiple triple-product logic functions are discussed, and it is shown that higher-level Boolean operations that involve several bits can be implemented without resorting to the standard two-input gates. As a simple illustration of the idea, a circuit that performs error correction on a (3, 1) Hamming code is demonstrated. Error-free performance (bit error rate of <10^(\u22129)) at 2.5 Gbit/s is achieved after single-error correction on the Hamming word with 50% errors.", "doi": "10.1364/JOSAB.18.000657", "issn": "0740-3224", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Journal of the Optical Society of America B", "publication_date": "2001-05", "series_number": "5", "volume": "18", "issue": "5", "pages": "657-665" }, { "id": "authors:knedd-qtb24", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "knedd-qtb24", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HEDao01", "type": "article", "title": "Advanced all-optical logic gates on a spectral bus", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hedekvist", "given_name": "Per Olof", "clpid": "Hedekvist-P-O" }, { "family_name": "Bhardwaj", "given_name": "Ashish", "orcid": "0000-0001-6147-3360", "clpid": "Bhardwaj-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Andersson", "given_name": "Henrik", "clpid": "Andersson-H" } ], "abstract": "We present experimental results on a new method for ultrafast all-optical logic, which utilizes four-wave mixing on polarization-modulated signals. The technique allows advanced operations such as exclusive-or and three-bit addition with carry bit. Furthermore, we show that on-the-fly error-correction encoding and decoding of a simple Hamming code is achieved when these gates are used on the bits of a spectrally structured word. These gates may be suitable for logic operations in an optoelectronic front end, which moves some of the necessary computation of data to the optical domain, before detection.", "doi": "10.1364/AO.40.001761", "issn": "0003-6935", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Applied Optics", "publication_date": "2001-04-10", "series_number": "11", "volume": "40", "issue": "11", "pages": "1761-1766" }, { "id": "authors:kfqf0-ak611", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kfqf0-ak611", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CAIol00a", "type": "article", "title": "Fiber-coupled microsphere laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cai", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Cai-Ming" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "O.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "P. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a 1.5-mm-wavelength fiber laser formed by placement of glass microsphere resonators along a fiber taper. The fiber taper serves the dual purpose of transporting optical pump power into the spheres and extracting the resulting laser emission. A highly doped erbium:ytterbium phosphate glass was used to form microsphere resonant cavities with large gain at 1.5 mm. Laser threshold pump powers of 60 mW and fiber-coupled output powers as high as 3 mW with single-mode operation were obtained. A bisphere laser system consisting of two microspheres attached to a single fiber taper is also demonstrated.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2000-10-01", "series_number": "19", "volume": "25", "issue": "19", "pages": "1430-1432" }, { "id": "authors:twf1y-9y873", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "twf1y-9y873", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CAIieeeptl00", "type": "article", "title": "5-Gbit/s BER performance on an all fiber-optic add/drop device based on a taper-resonator-taper structure", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cai", "given_name": "Ming", "clpid": "Cai-M" }, { "family_name": "Hedekvist", "given_name": "Per Olof", "clpid": "Hedekvist-P-O" }, { "family_name": "Bhardwaj", "given_name": "Ashish", "orcid": "0000-0001-6147-3360", "clpid": "Bhardwaj-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We present an all fiber-optic add/drop device based on a taper-resonator-taper structure with improved characteristics. Several gigahertz bandwidths are observed using microspheres having diameters ranging from 30 to 50 \u03bcm. Extinction ratios as high as 26 dB of the dropped channel are obtained due to nearly ideal coupling and phase matching between the fiber tapers and the small resonator. This is the first time that bit-error rate (BER) measurements have been performed on such couplers. For a device with an optical bandwidth of 3.8 GHz, the BER shows less than 2-dB penalty at 5 Gbit/s and no signs of an error floor.", "doi": "10.1109/68.874227", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "2000-09", "series_number": "9", "volume": "12", "issue": "9", "pages": "1177-1179" }, { "id": "authors:qzmnh-p8m70", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qzmnh-p8m70", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CAIprl00", "type": "article", "title": "Observation of Critical Coupling in a Fiber Taper to a Silica-Microsphere Whispering-Gallery Mode System", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cai", "given_name": "Ming", "clpid": "Cai-Ming" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Oskar", "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209", "clpid": "Painter-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We present the observation of critical coupling in a high-Q fused-silica microsphere whispering-gallery mode resonator coupled to a fiber taper. Extremely efficient and controlled power transfer to high-Q (\u223c10^7) resonators has been demonstrated. Off-resonance scattering loss was measured to be less than 0.3%. On-resonance extinction in transmitted optical power through the fiber coupler was measured as high as 26 dB at the critical coupling point. This result opens up a range of new applications in fields as diverse as near-field sensing and quantum optics.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.74", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2000-07-03", "series_number": "1", "volume": "85", "issue": "1", "pages": "74-77" }, { "id": "authors:megvv-84118", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "megvv-84118", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CAIol00b", "type": "article", "title": "Highly efficient optical power transfer to whispering-gallery modes by use of a symmetrical dual-coupling configuration", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cai", "given_name": "Ming", "clpid": "Cai-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We report that greater than 99.8% optical power transfer to whispering-gallery modes was achieved in fused-silica microspheres by use of a dual-tapered-fiber coupling method. The intrinsic cavity loss and the taper-to-sphere coupling coefficient are inferred from the experimental data. It is shown that the low intrinsic cavity loss and the symmetrical dual-coupling structure are crucial for obtaining the high coupling efficiency.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2000-02-15", "series_number": "4", "volume": "25", "issue": "4", "pages": "260-262" }, { "id": "authors:3e1t4-jhk71", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3e1t4-jhk71", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CAIieeeptl99", "type": "article", "title": "Fiber-optic add-drop device based on a silica microsphere-whispering gallery mode system", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cai", "given_name": "Ming", "clpid": "Cai-M" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "An all-optical passive four-port system including a fused silica microsphere and two tapered fibers is proposed and demonstrated for the application as a channel adding-dropping device. It is shown that channels can be selectively exchanged between two fibers by coupling to a whispering gallery mode resonance in the microsphere. Finesse in excess of 11150 is measured for the loaded whispering gallery modes.", "doi": "10.1109/68.766785", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1999-06-01", "series_number": "6", "volume": "11", "issue": "6", "pages": "686-687" }, { "id": "authors:2bdc9-7tp92", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2bdc9-7tp92", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PAIsst99", "type": "article", "title": "Quantum-well capture and interwell transport in semiconductor active layers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The dynamics of electrons and holes in multiquantum-well semiconductor gain media involves several different transport processes, such as diffusion and drift across the barrier region, as well as capture and escape transitions between the bound and the unbound states of the quantum wells. In addition to their fundamental interest, these processes are important because of their implications for the dynamic properties of multiquantum-well lasers and optical amplifiers. Experimentally, they have been studied with several time-domain optical techniques having (sub)picosecond resolution and, more recently, with frequency-domain techniques based on laser modulation measurements. This article gives a brief review of the work done in this area and then presents in detail a frequency-domain approach, four-wave mixing spectroscopy in semiconductor optical amplifiers, to investigate intrinsic capture and interwell equilibration. This technique allows one to extend the device modulation frequency to several hundreds of gigahertz, thus providing the required time resolution, and can be configured to isolate and directly study the transport process of interest.", "doi": "10.1088/0268-1242/14/5/001", "issn": "0268-1242", "publisher": "Semiconductor Science and Technology", "publication": "Semiconductor Science and Technology", "publication_date": "1999-05-01", "series_number": "5", "volume": "14", "issue": "5", "pages": "R17-R25" }, { "id": "authors:1z7tn-v6w11", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1z7tn-v6w11", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111213-100440768", "type": "book_section", "title": "Spectral logic gates for byte-wide WDM signal processing", "book_title": "OFC '99 IOOC : Optical Fiber Communication Conference and the International Conference on Integrated Optics and Optical Fiber Communication", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We propose a new class of all-optical logic gates based on four-wave mixing, designed to operate on multiwavelength input signals. We demonstrate the XOR function with two 2.5-Gbit/s modulated input signals.", "doi": "10.1109/OFC.1999.765989", "isbn": "1-55752-582-X", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "1999-02", "pages": "42-44" }, { "id": "authors:5sgq5-59w56", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5sgq5-59w56", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:DOTieeeptl98", "type": "article", "title": "Wavelength conversion at 10 Gb/s by four-wave mixing over a 30-nm interval", "author": [ { "family_name": "D'Ottavi", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "D'Ottavi-A" }, { "family_name": "Spano", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Spano-P" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Dall'Ara", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Dall'Ara-R" }, { "family_name": "Guekos", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Guekos-G" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We show that the use of a long semiconductor optical amplifier increases the error-free conversion interval of a four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength converter. 30-nm wavelength down-conversion and 15-nm up-conversion have been obtained at 10 Gb/s. This result is a significant improvement over the previous best performance of a FWM-based wavelength converter and suggests that the full erbium-doped fiber amplifier bandwidth can be covered with FWM wavelength converters.", "doi": "10.1109/68.681281", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1998-07-01", "series_number": "7", "volume": "10", "issue": "7", "pages": "952-954" }, { "id": "authors:bvjwx-1sw95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "bvjwx-1sw95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PAIieeeptl98", "type": "article", "title": "Wavelength conversion by cavity-enhanced injection-locked four-wavemixing in a fiber-Bragg-grating coupled diode laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Ziari", "given_name": "Mehrdad", "clpid": "Ziari-M" }, { "family_name": "Mathur", "given_name": "Atul", "clpid": "Mathur-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Four-wave mixing (FWM) in a fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) coupled semiconductor laser is investigated. We show that a large resonance enhancement of the FWM conversion efficiency can be obtained when the laser cavity is injection-locked by the converted signal, and apply this technique to the wavelength conversion of 1-Gb/s modulated signals. Furthermore, we discuss how the spectral width of these resonances can be increased to make this approach suitable to higher bit rates.", "doi": "10.1109/68.681489", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1998-06-01", "series_number": "6", "volume": "10", "issue": "6", "pages": "802-804" }, { "id": "authors:5t5sy-b8s47", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5t5sy-b8s47", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:BELnmtc98", "type": "book_section", "title": "Spatial and Electronic Manipulation of Silicon Nanocrystals by Atomic Force Microscopy", "book_title": "Seventh Biennial IEEE Nonvolatile Memory Technology Conference, 1998", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bell", "given_name": "L. Douglas", "clpid": "Bell-L-D" }, { "family_name": "Santamore", "given_name": "Deborah H.", "clpid": "Santamore-D-H" }, { "family_name": "Boer", "given_name": "Elizabeth A.", "clpid": "Boer-E-A" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" } ], "abstract": "[As silicon-based devices shnnk, interest is increasing in fast, low-power devices sensitive to small numbers of electrons. Recent work suggests that MOS structures with large arrays of Si nanocrystals comprising a floating gate can be extremely fast, reliable and nonvolatile relative to conventional floating gate memories. In these structures approximately one electron is stored per nanocrystal. Despite promising initial results, current devices have a distribution of charge transit times during writing of nanocrystal ensembles, which limits speed. This behavior is not completely understood, but could be related to a dispersion in oxide thicknesses, nanocrystals interface states, or shifts in the electronic bound states due to size variations. To address these limitations, we have developed an aerosol vapor synthesis/deposition technique for silicon nanocrystals with active size classification, enabling narrow distributions of nanocrystal size (~10-15% of particle in the 2-10 nm size range). \n\nThe first goal of these experiments has been to use scanning probe techniques to perform particle manipulation and to characterize particle electronic properties and charging on a single-particle basis. Si nanocrystal structures (lines, arrows and other objects) have been formed by contact-mode operation and subsequently imaged in noncontact mode without additional particle motion. Further, single nanocrystal charging by a conducting AFM tip has been observed, detected as an apparent height change due to electrostatic force, followed by a slow relaxation as the stored charge dissipates. Ongoing and future efforts will also be briefly discussed, including narrowing of nanocrystal size distributions, control of oxide thickness on the nanocrystals, and measurements of electron transport through individual particles and ensembles.", "doi": "10.1109/NVMT.1998.723224", "isbn": "0-7803-4518-5", "publisher": "Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "1998-06", "pages": "77" }, { "id": "authors:pb5sx-wrz59", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pb5sx-wrz59", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111220-135736662", "type": "book_section", "title": "Four-wave mixing mediated by the capture of carriers in semiconductor quantum-well amplifiers", "book_title": "CLEO '98: Technical Digest: Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Karen", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Karen-U" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a technique to measure the intrinsic capture lifetime, using frequency-resolved four wave mixing (FWM). The work is based on a frequency-domain measurement of the response function associated with the transfer of a modulation from three-dimensional states above the QW to the quantum-confined two dimensional states. The principle of the experiment is shown using two DFB semiconductor quantum well lasers.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEO.1998.676471", "isbn": "1557525390", "publication_date": "1998-05", "pages": "440-441" }, { "id": "authors:6bb97-1y230", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6bb97-1y230", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120112-101728893", "type": "book_section", "title": "Resonance enhancement of the four-wave mixing efficiency by injection locking in a fiber Bragg-grating-coupled semiconductor laser", "book_title": "CLEO '98--Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics : the Moscone Center, San Francisco, California, May 3-8, 1998 : technical digest, summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Ziari", "given_name": "Mehrdad", "clpid": "Ziari-M" }, { "family_name": "Mathur", "given_name": "Atul", "clpid": "Mathur-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers has received considerable attention in recent years, both as a tool to study the high-speed dynamics of these devices, and because of its potential applications to wavelength conversion and all-optical switching. In order to optimize the performance of FWM-based devices, much effort has been devoted to improving the FWM conversion efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, we present a novel FWM configuration in which the converted signal frequency coincides with a mode of a subthreshold fiber Bragg-grating-coupled semiconductor laser, leading to an enhancement of the conversion efficiency of more than 20 dB.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEO.1998.676081", "isbn": "9781557525406", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "1998-05", "pages": "220-221" }, { "id": "authors:daqfr-eyv31", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "daqfr-eyv31", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111222-091452336", "type": "book_section", "title": "30-nm wavelength conversion at 10 Gbit/s by four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier", "book_title": "OFC '98: Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit: Technical Digest", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "D'Ottavi", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "D'Ottavi-A" }, { "family_name": "Spano", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Spano-P" }, { "family_name": "Dall'Ara", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Dall'Ara-R" }, { "family_name": "Guekos", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Guekos-G" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is currently the only available strictly transparent wavelength-conversion technique, which is not penalized by phase matching. The span of the conversion is limited primarily by conversion efficiency and signal-to-noise (SNR) issues, both of which are expected to improve with the use of longer SOAs. In this paper, we demonstrate significantly enhanced performance of long converters in a system experiment at 10 Gbit/s. The experiment shows for the first time, to our knowledge, that FWM wavelength down-conversions can span the full gain bandwidth of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers.", "doi": "10.1109/OFC.1998.657250", "isbn": "1-55752-521-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "1998-02", "pages": "108-109" }, { "id": "authors:w0hk8-dvh54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "w0hk8-dvh54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111215-120934756", "type": "book_section", "title": "Wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in a folded-path, self-pumped semiconductor optical amplifier", "book_title": "OFC '98: Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Ziari", "given_name": "Mehrdad", "clpid": "Ziari-M" }, { "family_name": "Mathur", "given_name": "Atul", "clpid": "Mathur-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Wavelength conversion is recognized as a key function for the implementation of complex WDM communication systems. Of the approaches demonstrated so far, only four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is fully transparent to modulation format and bit rate while providing arbitrary wavelength mapping. Recent demonstrations have shown that the performance of FWM converters can be made technologically competitive. We present a novel wavelength conversion scheme that offers additional advantages while significantly reducing the complexity of the device. The converter consists of an external-cavity semiconductor laser, with a high-reflection coating on one facet, and a fiber Bragg grating pigtailed to the other facet (anti-reflection coated). The pump wave is provided by the lasing mode at the Bragg frequency (self-pumping). The input signal (with frequency outside the Bragg reflection bandwidth) is modulated with a 2.5-Gbit/s pseudo-random binary sequence of nonreturn to zero amplitude-shift keying data and is injected into the cavity through the Bragg grating via a bi-directional coupler; the converted signal is collected from the other input arm.", "doi": "10.1109/OFC.1998.657251", "isbn": "1-55752-521-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "1998-02", "pages": "109-110" }, { "id": "authors:y1zj6-x3b36", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "y1zj6-x3b36", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:GERieeeptl98", "type": "article", "title": "Wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Geraghty", "given_name": "David F.", "clpid": "Geraghty-D-F" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Lee-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Verdiell", "given_name": "Marc", "clpid": "Verdiell-M" }, { "family_name": "Ziari", "given_name": "Mehrdad", "clpid": "Ziari-M" }, { "family_name": "Mathur", "given_name": "Atul", "clpid": "Mathur-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Time-resolved spectral analysis is performed on 10 Gb/s signals wavelength converted by four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers. A pattern-dependent chirp resulting from parasitic gain modulation by the signal is measured and characterized as a function of the converter's pump-to-probe ratio. This chirp is found to be insignificant for pump-to-probe ratios exceeding 9 dB.", "doi": "10.1109/68.651108", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1998-01-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "10", "issue": "1", "pages": "69-71" }, { "id": "authors:kmk74-t2365", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kmk74-t2365", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PAIapl97", "type": "article", "title": "Four-wave mixing mediated by the capture of electrons and holes in semiconductor quantum-well laser amplifiers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Koren-U" } ], "abstract": "An experimental technique based on frequency-resolved four-wave mixing is proposed for the investigation of phonon-assisted capture of electrons and holes in electrically pumped semiconductor quantum wells. We show how this technique can be used to directly measure the intrinsic capture lifetime, with no need for involved numerical fits. We also present experimental results from an application of the technique to a multiquantum-well semiconductor optical amplifier. The possible impact of phase matching on the results is discussed.", "doi": "10.1063/1.120453", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1997-12-22", "series_number": "25", "volume": "71", "issue": "25", "pages": "3601-3603" }, { "id": "authors:s8tpe-5tx67", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "s8tpe-5tx67", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HUNieeeptl97a", "type": "article", "title": "Folded-path self-pumped wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Ziari", "given_name": "Mehrdad", "clpid": "Ziari-M" }, { "family_name": "Mathur", "given_name": "Atul", "clpid": "Mathur-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A four-wave mixing wavelength converter with no external pump laser and very low input signal power requirements is characterized. The wavelength conversion occurs inside a high-reflection/antireflection coated semiconductor optical amplifier pigtailed with a fiber Bragg grating. The pump signal is provided by the lasing mode at the Bragg wavelength. A 1-mW optical signal modulated at 2.5 Gb/s is converted over 9 mm with error rates below 10^-9.", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1997-10-01", "series_number": "10", "volume": "9", "issue": "10", "pages": "1352-1354" }, { "id": "authors:yb085-8cw18", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "yb085-8cw18", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:GERieeejstqe97", "type": "article", "title": "Wavelength conversion for WDM communication systems using four-wavemixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Geraghty", "given_name": "David F.", "clpid": "Geraghty-D-F" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Lee-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Verdiell", "given_name": "Marc", "clpid": "Verdiell-M" }, { "family_name": "Ziari", "given_name": "Mehrdad", "clpid": "Ziari-M" }, { "family_name": "Mathur", "given_name": "Atul", "clpid": "Mathur-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers is an attractive mechanism for wavelength conversion in wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) systems since it provides modulation format and bit rate transparency over wide tuning ranges. A series of systems experiments evaluating several aspects of the performance of these devices at bit rates of 2.5 and 10 Gb/s are presented. Included are single-channel conversion over 18 nm of shift at 10 Gb/s, multichannel conversion, and cascaded conversions. In addition time resolved spectral analysis of wavelength conversion is presented.", "doi": "10.1109/2944.658588", "issn": "1077-260X", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1997-10-01", "series_number": "5", "volume": "3", "issue": "5", "pages": "1146-1155" }, { "id": "authors:0py4r-jfv28", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0py4r-jfv28", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HUNieeeptl97b", "type": "article", "title": "Measurement of the stimulated carrier lifetime in semiconductor optical amplifiers by four-wave mixing of polarized ASE noise", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Koren-U" } ], "abstract": "We present a simple experiment aimed at measuring the stimulated carrier lifetime in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA's). The technique relies on polarization-resolved nearly degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) of a laser source with an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise source. The method can quickly characterize the bandwidth performance of active layers for application in a cross-gain or cross-phase wavelength converter.", "doi": "10.1109/68.593343", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1997-07-01", "series_number": "7", "volume": "9", "issue": "7", "pages": "907-909" }, { "id": "authors:8ktev-b7q36", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8ktev-b7q36", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:LEEieeeptl97", "type": "article", "title": "Cascaded wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in a strained semiconductor optical amplifier at 10 Gb/s", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Lee-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Geraghty", "given_name": "David F.", "clpid": "Geraghty-D-F" }, { "family_name": "Verdiell", "given_name": "Marc", "clpid": "Verdiell-M" }, { "family_name": "Ziari", "given_name": "Mehrdad", "clpid": "Ziari-M" }, { "family_name": "Mathur", "given_name": "Atul", "clpid": "Mathur-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate for the first time cascaded wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier. Bit-error-rate performance of <10^-9 at 10 Gb/s is achieved for two conversions of up to 9 nm down and up in wavelength. For two wavelength conversions of 5 nm down and up, a power penalty of 1.3 dB is measured. A system of two wavelength converters spanning 40 km of single-mode fiber is also demonstrated.", "doi": "10.1109/68.584979", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1997-06-01", "series_number": "6", "volume": "9", "issue": "6", "pages": "752-754" }, { "id": "authors:x117e-hrj69", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x117e-hrj69", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120119-150325557", "type": "book_section", "title": "Time-resolved Spectral Analysis Of Phase Conjugation By Four-wave Mixing In Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers", "book_title": "CLEO '97: Summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Geraghty", "given_name": "David F.", "clpid": "Geraghty-D-F" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Lee-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Verdiell", "given_name": "Marc", "clpid": "Verdiell-M" }, { "family_name": "Ziari", "given_name": "Mehrdad", "clpid": "Ziari-M" }, { "family_name": "Mathur", "given_name": "Atul", "clpid": "Mathur-A" } ], "abstract": "Optical phase conjugation provides a mechanism\nfor achieving dispersion compensation in optical fibers. This has been demonstrated by four-wave mixing (FWM) in both fiber and semiconductor optical amplifiers\n(SOAs). Imperfect phase conjugation will prevent exact reconstruction of a dispersed data stream. Here we use time-resolved spectral analysis (TRSA) to evaluate the performance of FWM in SOAs for phase conjugation.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEO.1997.602283", "isbn": "0-7803-4125-2", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "1997-05", "pages": "87-88" }, { "id": "authors:6dqbz-9eg04", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6dqbz-9eg04", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:GERieeeptl97", "type": "article", "title": "Wavelength conversion up to 18 nm at 10 Gb/s by four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier", "author": [ { "family_name": "Geraghty", "given_name": "David F.", "clpid": "Geraghty-D-F" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Lee-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Verdiell", "given_name": "Marc", "clpid": "Verdiell-M" }, { "family_name": "Ziari", "given_name": "Mehrdad", "clpid": "Ziari-M" }, { "family_name": "Mathur", "given_name": "Atul", "clpid": "Mathur-A" } ], "abstract": "We characterize the conversion bandwidth of a four-wave mixing semiconductor optical amplifier wavelength converter. Conversion of 10-Gb/s signals with bit-error-rate (BER) performance of <10^-9 is demonstrated for wavelength down-shifts of up to 18 nm and upshifts of up to 10 nm.", "doi": "10.1109/68.559385", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1997-04-01", "series_number": "4", "volume": "9", "issue": "4", "pages": "452-454" }, { "id": "authors:drrq8-cch16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "drrq8-cch16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PAIieeejstqe97", "type": "article", "title": "Polarization-dependent optical nonlinearities of multiquantum-well laser amplifiers studied by four-wave mixing", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Koren-U" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We present a detailed study of the polarization properties of four-wave mixing in multiquantum-well (MQW) semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA's). In particular, the polarization selection rules relevant to all processes contributing to the generation of the four-wave mixing signal are rigorously derived and discussed. We then show the importance of these results in applications where four-wave mixing is used as a spectroscopic tool to study the optical nonlinearities of semiconductor gain media. For illustration, we demonstrate two novel applications of polarization-resolved four-wave mixing. The first is a new technique for measuring the recombination lifetime in SOA's, based on mixing of a pump wave with polarized amplified spontaneous emission noise. In the second, we use the same polarization selection rules to measure the interwell transport lifetime in alternating-strain MQW amplifiers. Finally, we also discuss the possibility of studying the dynamics of the optically induced phase coherence between spin-degenerate states.", "doi": "10.1109/2944.605704", "issn": "1077-260X", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1997-04-01", "series_number": "2", "volume": "3", "issue": "2", "pages": "529-540" }, { "id": "authors:vptyb-5sb46", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vptyb-5sb46", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHieeejstqe97", "type": "article", "title": "Ultrafast WDM logic", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" } ], "abstract": "Ultrafast all-optical logic gates that accept optical inputs in which wavelength designates bit position within the overall byte are proposed and demonstrated. Four-wave mixing is shown to provide a conditional test function that can be used to construct any multi-input logic gate. Polarization provides the logic state for each bit. Implementations that use semiconductor optical amplifiers as the four-wave mixing medium can be monolithic and compact.", "doi": "10.1109/2944.605723", "issn": "1077-260X", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1997-04-01", "series_number": "2", "volume": "3", "issue": "2", "pages": "698-701" }, { "id": "authors:hmw9p-e5520", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hmw9p-e5520", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120120-094832890", "type": "book_section", "title": "Cross talk penalty in two-channel wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in a strained semiconductor optical amplifier", "book_title": "Conference on Optical Fiber Communications: Technical Digest", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Lee-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Geraghty", "given_name": "David F.", "clpid": "Geraghty-D-F" }, { "family_name": "Hedekvist", "given_name": "Per Olof", "clpid": "Hedekvist-P-O" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Koren-U" } ], "abstract": "A crucial function in wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) all-optical networks is a wavelength converter. This function enhances wavelength routing options and improves network reconfigurability. Here we present a systematic study of the cross talk penalty as a function of the pump-to-signal power ratio for two 2.5-Gbit/s ASK channels separated by 1.5 nm.", "doi": "10.1109/OFC.1997.719837", "isbn": "1-55752-480-7", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, D.C.", "publication_date": "1997-02", "pages": "220-221" }, { "id": "authors:0d862-ymk73", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0d862-ymk73", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120120-073157167", "type": "book_section", "title": "Cascaded wavelength conversions using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers", "book_title": "Conference on Optical Fiber Communications: Technical Digest", "author": [ { "family_name": "Geraghty", "given_name": "David F.", "clpid": "Geraghty-D-F" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Lee-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Koren-U" } ], "abstract": "Wavelength conversion in wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) communication systems would provide significant network performance improvement. Optoelectronic, cross-gain saturation, and cross phase saturation wavelength converters are candidate technologies that have been well characterized, however, they are not \"transparent\" to either bit-rate or modulation format. Complete transparency is offered only by ultrafast wave mixing techniques-in the present case four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs).", "doi": "10.1109/OFC.1997.719770", "isbn": "1-55752-480-7", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, D.C.", "publication_date": "1997-02", "pages": "149-150" }, { "id": "authors:69w6r-g1207", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "69w6r-g1207", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PAIapl96", "type": "article", "title": "Measurement of the interwell carrier transport lifetime in multiquantum-well optical amplifiers by polarization-resolved four-wave mixing", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Koren-U" } ], "abstract": "Polarization-resolved four-wave mixing spectroscopy is used to study interwell carrier dynamics in an alternating-strain multiquantum-well optical amplifier. The experimental data are found to be in good agreement with a simple model based on quantum capture/escape and diffusion processes. The results suggest that the interwell transport in this structure is mainly limited by carrier escape, and give an estimate of 16 ps for the overall transport lifetime.", "doi": "10.1063/1.117840", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1996-12-30", "series_number": "27", "volume": "69", "issue": "27", "pages": "4142-4144" }, { "id": "authors:ergs7-j7052", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ergs7-j7052", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HUNieeeptl96", "type": "article", "title": "Polarization-independent wavelength conversion at 2.5 Gb/s by dual-pump four-wave mixing in a strained semiconductor optical amplifier", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Geraghty", "given_name": "David F.", "clpid": "Geraghty-D-F" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Koren-U" } ], "abstract": "We give a general expression for the polarization dependence of the four-wave mixing (FWM) efficiency in the dual-pump configuration. This expression, along with some general properties of the FWM susceptibility tensor, is used to propose a simple scheme to generate a nearly (1.5-dB variation) polarization independent FWM converted signal. The viability of this scheme is verified in a wavelength conversion experiment at 2.5 Gb/s.", "doi": "10.1109/68.544701", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1996-12-01", "series_number": "12", "volume": "8", "issue": "12", "pages": "1633-1635" }, { "id": "authors:9jb4b-fp382", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9jb4b-fp382", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PAIieeeptl96", "type": "article", "title": "Polarization properties of four-wave mixing in strained semiconductor optical amplifiers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Jianhui", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Koren-U" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Barry I.", "clpid": "Miller-B-I" } ], "abstract": "We present a theoretical and experimental study of the polarization properties of the four-wave mixing susceptibility of highly-strained multiquantum-well optical amplifiers and show how the intensity and polarization of the four-wave mixing signal depend on the polarization of the input waves. We demonstrate the validity of our model by generating a wavelength-converted signal having a polarization orthogonal to that of the pump wave at the output of the amplifier. In addition, we discuss the possibility of making the conversion efficiency independent of the input signal polarization by proper selection of the pump polarization.", "doi": "10.1109/68.502090", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1996-06-01", "series_number": "6", "volume": "8", "issue": "6", "pages": "773-775" }, { "id": "authors:kjp9j-0m875", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kjp9j-0m875", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120131-085838311", "type": "book_section", "title": "Using tensor properties of four wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for polarization independent wavelength conversion or pump suppression", "book_title": "CLEO '96 : summaries of papers presented at the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Hunziker", "given_name": "Guido", "clpid": "Hunziker-G" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Jianhui", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uzi", "clpid": "Koren-U" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Barry L.", "clpid": "Miller-B-L" } ], "abstract": "Summary form only given. Wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) has several advantages, including transparency to the modulation format and bit rate. An important feature of the intensity and polarization of the FWM wavelength-converted signal is their dependence on the polarizations of the input signal and pump waves. In this paper, we discuss the polarization properties of the FWM susceptibility \u03c7_(ijkl) of strained multiple quantum well SOAs and their potential for application to polarization-independent wavelength conversion and pump suppression.", "isbn": "1-55752-443-2", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "1996-06", "pages": "504-505" }, { "id": "authors:6wrxd-37c49", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6wrxd-37c49", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CAMapl96", "type": "article", "title": "Size classification of silicon nanocrystals", "author": [ { "family_name": "Camata", "given_name": "Renato P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6966-8557", "clpid": "Camata-Renato-P" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" } ], "abstract": "We report on the synthesis of size-classified silicon nanocrystals by differential mobility classification of a polydisperse ultrafine silicon aerosol. Using the described technique, the average nanocrystal size can be tuned by simply adjusting an electric field. Samples of nonagglomerated silicon nanocrystals have been obtained and size control has been achieved within 15%\u201320% in the 2\u201310 nm size regime.", "doi": "10.1063/1.115811", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1996-05-27", "series_number": "22", "volume": "68", "issue": "22", "pages": "3162-3164" }, { "id": "authors:ft2bv-0kb53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ft2bv-0kb53", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PAIieeejqe96", "type": "article", "title": "Four-wave mixing and generation of terahertz radiation in an alternating-strain coupled quantum-well structure", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We propose a scheme for exciting steady-state tunneling oscillations of an electronic wave packet in a semiconductor coupled quantum-well structure with strain of the opposite polarity in the two wells. A detailed study of the four-wave mixing process in this structure is then presented, based on the density matrix formalism. Our results show that a resonance peak is introduced in the four-wave mixing frequency response at the tunneling frequency, leading to a significant enhancement in the wavelength conversion efficiency for low temperature operation. Furthermore, we consider this structure under the same excitation condition as a potential source of coherent radiation in, the terahertz frequency band.", "doi": "10.1109/3.488847", "issn": "0018-9197", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1996-04-01", "series_number": "4", "volume": "32", "issue": "4", "pages": "721-728" }, { "id": "authors:gzdfb-z5s45", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gzdfb-z5s45", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180709-141347460", "type": "book_section", "title": "Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers: physics and applications", "book_title": "Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices III", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Jianhui", "clpid": "Zhou-Jianhui" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "orcid": "0000-0003-0197-7633", "clpid": "Park-Namkyoo" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Barry I.", "clpid": "Miller-B-I" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Osi\u0144sk", "given_name": "Marek", "clpid": "Osi\u0144sk-M" }, { "family_name": "Chow", "given_name": "Weng W.", "clpid": "Chow-Weng-W" } ], "abstract": "Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers was studied both as a spectroscopic tool for probing semiconductor dynamics and as a wavelength conversion technique. Four-wave mixing spectra were measured at detuning frequencies ranging from GHz to THz rates and ultrasfast intraband mechanisms having relaxation time constants of 650 fs and less than 100 fs were revealed in the measurements. Cross-polarization four-wave mixing was also measured to study the inter quantum-well carrier transport process in quantum-well amplifiers. In addition, broadband wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers was investigated. Results concerning the conversion efficiency over spans up to 65 nm, as well as a demonstration of wavelength conversion with gain are presented. The issue of converted signal-to-background noise in this process is also addressed.", "doi": "10.1117/12.212536", "isbn": "0819417467", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "1995-06-19", "pages": "638-649" }, { "id": "authors:4y2pw-0rd22", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4y2pw-0rd22", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PAIapl95", "type": "article", "title": "Highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing efficiency of an asymmetric coupled quantum well structure", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paiella", "given_name": "Roberto", "clpid": "Paiella-R" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "An asymmetric coupled quantum well structure is theoretically investigated as a means of tailoring the conversion efficiency of the four-wave mixing process at terahertz detuning rates. In this structure, a coherent electronic oscillation between the two wells can be excited that introduces a resonance peak in the four-wave mixing frequency response. A calculation based on the density matrix formalism shows that an increase in the power conversion efficiency on the order of 10 dB can be attained at the selected resonance frequency for low temperature operation. Finally, we propose a novel technique for exciting the interwell oscillations that takes advantage of the polarization dependence of the interband optical transitions in alternating strain quantum wells.", "doi": "10.1063/1.113103", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1995-05-15", "series_number": "20", "volume": "66", "issue": "20", "pages": "2619-2621" }, { "id": "authors:tzebh-46862", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "tzebh-46862", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120215-093505302", "type": "article", "title": "Electroluminescence and photoluminescence of Ge-implanted Si/SiO_2/Si structures", "author": [ { "family_name": "Shcheglov", "given_name": "K. V.", "clpid": "Shchelgov-K-V" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "C. M.", "clpid": "Yang-C-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" } ], "abstract": "Electroluminescent devices were fabricated in SiO_2 films containing Ge nanocrystals formed by ion implantation and precipitation during annealing at 900\u2009\u00b0C, and the visible room\u2010temperature electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra were found to be broadly similar. The electroluminescent devices have an onset for emission in reverse bias of approximately \u221210 V, suggesting that the mechanism for carrier excitation may be an avalanche breakdown caused by injection of hot carriers into the oxide. The electroluminescent emission was stable for periods exceeding 6 h.", "doi": "10.1063/1.114080", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1995-02-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "66", "issue": "6", "pages": "745-747" }, { "id": "authors:xkn0n-72369", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xkn0n-72369", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZHOapl94", "type": "article", "title": "Study of interwell carrier transport by terahertz four-wave mixing in an optical amplifier with tensile and compressively strained quantum wells", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Jianhui", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Barry I.", "clpid": "Miller-B-I" } ], "abstract": "Interwell carrier transport in a semiconductor optical amplifier having a structure of alternating tensile and compressively strained quantum wells was studied by four-wave mixing at detuning frequencies up to 1 THz. A calculation of transbarrier transport efficiency is also presented to qualitatively explain the measured signal spectra.", "doi": "10.1063/1.112832", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1994-10-10", "series_number": "15", "volume": "65", "issue": "15", "pages": "1897-1899" }, { "id": "authors:jp2s7-ff404", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jp2s7-ff404", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZHOieeeptl94b", "type": "article", "title": "Four-wave mixing wavelength conversion efficiency in semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers measured to 65 nm of wavelength shift", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Jianhui", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Barry I.", "clpid": "Miller-B-I" } ], "abstract": "The efficiency of broadband optical wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers is measured for wavelength shifts up to 65 nm using a tandem amplifier geometry. A quantity we call the relative conversion efficiency function, which determines the strength of the four-wave mixing nonlinearity, was extracted from the data. Using this quantity, gain requirements for lossless four-wave mixing wavelength conversion are calculated and discussed. Signal to background noise ratio is also measured and discussed in this study.", "doi": "10.1109/68.313071", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1994-08-01", "series_number": "8", "volume": "6", "issue": "8", "pages": "984-987" }, { "id": "authors:4qnfd-a1g45", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4qnfd-a1g45", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120302-083451223", "type": "book_section", "title": "Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Traveling-wave Amplifiers for Efficient, Broadband, Wavelength Conversion up to 65 nm", "book_title": "1994 IEEE Nonlinear Optics: materials, fundamentals and applications", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Jianhui", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Barry I.", "clpid": "Miller-B-I" } ], "abstract": "Wavelength conversion is recognized as an important function in future fiber networks employing wavelength division multiplexing. The authors have recently demonstrated broad-band wavelength conversion over spans as large as 27 nm. Their approach uses ultra-fast four-wave mixing dynamics associated with intraband relaxation mechanisms in semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers (TWA's). In the paper the authors present new results showing conversion over wavelength spans as large as 65 nm. This surpasses the previous record by over a factor of two. Of equal importance, they also verify experimentally their previous theoretical prediction that wavelength conversion efficiency varies as the cube of TWA single pass gain.\nIn the course of our previous work, we have shown that the theoretical efficiency, \u03b7, of this process can be expressed by the simple relation: \u03b7 = 3G + 2P + R(\u0394\u22cb) where \u03b7 is the ratio in dB of the converted signal output power to the signal input power and G is the\nsingle pass TWA optical gain. A crucial point is the presence of 3G in this expression - essentially, the wavelength converter uses the available TWA optimal gain three times. We verified this expression using an experimental setup similar to that described in. Tunable, single-frequency, erbium fiber ring lasers were used as pump and signal sources and TWA devices used contained tensile-strained mutli-quantum well active layers described in. Figure 1 shows conversion efficiency data plotted versus single-pass saturated optical gain. The pump power was -5.2 dBm and the signal power was -11.3 dBm. The measured slope of 3.18 confirms the cubic dependence of efficiency on single pass gain.", "doi": "10.1109/NLO.1994.470866", "isbn": "0-7803-1473-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, N.J.", "publication_date": "1994-07", "pages": "141-143" }, { "id": "authors:9pmqd-h6145", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9pmqd-h6145", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZHOieeeptl94a", "type": "article", "title": "Efficiency of broadband four-wave mixing wavelength conversion using semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Jianhui", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Barry I.", "clpid": "Miller-B-I" } ], "abstract": "We present a theoretical analysis and experimental measurements of broadband optical wavelength conversion by four-wave mixing in semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers. In the theoretical analysis, we obtain an analytical expression for the conversion efficiency. In the experiments, both up and down-conversion efficiencies are measured as a function of wavelength shift for shifts up to 27 nm. The experimental data are well explained by the theoretical calculation. The observed higher conversion efficiency for wavelength down-conversion is believed to be caused by phase interferences that exist between various mechanisms contributing to the four-wave mixing process.", "doi": "10.1109/68.265886", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1994-01-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "6", "issue": "1", "pages": "50-52" }, { "id": "authors:m1jwy-dwz03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "m1jwy-dwz03", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120308-100046284", "type": "book_section", "title": "Tunable, single-frequency, erbium fiber ring lasers", "book_title": "LEOS '93 conference proceedings: IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society 1993 Annual Meeting", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay", "clpid": "Dawson-J" }, { "family_name": "Sanders", "given_name": "Steve", "clpid": "Sanders-S" } ], "abstract": "Tuning range, side-mode suppression, line width, and intensity noise are reviewed for an all-fiber erbium ring laser. Active stabilization to an external fiber Fabry-Perot resonator is demonstrated.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOS.1993.379387", "isbn": "0-7803-1263-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication_date": "1993-11", "pages": "708-709" }, { "id": "authors:zztnp-4x533", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zztnp-4x533", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SAUapl93", "type": "article", "title": "Synthesis of luminescent silicon clusters by spark ablation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Saunders", "given_name": "Winston A.", "clpid": "Saunders-Winston-A" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-Peter-C" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "R. B.", "clpid": "Lee-Robert-B" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Escorcia-Aparcio", "given_name": "Ernesto J.", "clpid": "Escorcia-Aparcio-Ernesto-J" } ], "abstract": "The synthesis of luminescent nanometer-scale Si clusters by spark ablation from a crystalline Si substrate is described. The cluster source, described in the text, generates clusters in a flowing Ar stream at atmospheric pressure. Electron microscopy reveals that the clusters have diameters in the 2-4 nm size range. The luminescence spectra of the clusters, similar to that of porous Si, are presented.", "doi": "10.1063/1.110745", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1993-09-13", "series_number": "11", "volume": "63", "issue": "11", "pages": "1549-1551" }, { "id": "authors:cccpv-rz754", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cccpv-rz754", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHpao93", "type": "article", "title": "Stimulated emission from single quantum dipoles", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Whereas the basic features of stimulated emission are easily seen to hold true for ensembles of dipoles, the same is not always true for a single dipole system. For example, symmetry requires that well localized, bound dipoles emit a dipole field which is isotropic in the plane defined by the dipole vector. Indeed, for this case, nothing in the interaction between the dipole and the field contains information on the propagation direction of the field. These observations seem at odds with the highly directional nature of stimulated emission. The authors therefore test for stimulated emission by an explicit calculation considering both a single Rabi type dipole and a damped dipole whose centre-of-mass coordinates are fixed at a point. Remarkably, despite the symmetrical dipole radiation pattern, stimulated emission into the original stimulating wave is shown to occur exactly. An explanation of this effect is then considered by investigating dipoles whose centre-of-mass coordinates are allowed to vary. In this case, photon recoil of the dipole introduces a directional sense to the interaction. In the extreme opposite and trivial case of a highly delocalized dipole (centre-of-mass momentum eigenstates) stimulated emission again occurs exactly. In all intermediate cases, however, stimulated emission occurs only partially or approximately. A condition imposed on a dipole's spatial extent is established for stimulated emission to occur approximately. Finally, the original bound and localized dipole is seen to be a special limiting case of recoiling dipoles for which stimulated emission occurs exactly.", "doi": "10.1088/0963-9659/2/5/014", "issn": "0963-9659", "publisher": "European Optical Society", "publication": "Journal of the European Optical Society. Part A, Pure and Applied Optics", "publication_date": "1993-09", "series_number": "5", "volume": "2", "issue": "5", "pages": "549-560" }, { "id": "authors:wz4k9-8k045", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wz4k9-8k045", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZHOapl93b", "type": "article", "title": "Terahertz four-wave mixing spectroscopy for study of ultrafast dynamics in a semiconductor optical amplifier", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Jianhui", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Barry I.", "clpid": "Miller-B-I" } ], "abstract": "Ultrafast dynamics in a 1.5-\u00b5m tensile-strained quantum-well optical amplifier has been studied by highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing at detuning frequencies up to 1.7 THz. Frequency response data indicate the presence of two ultrafast physical processes with characteristic relaxation lifetimes of 650 fs and <100 fs. The longer time constant is believed to be associated with the dynamic carrier heating effect. This is in agreement with previous time-domain pump-probe measurements using ultrashort optical pulses.", "doi": "10.1063/1.109763", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1993-08-30", "series_number": "9", "volume": "63", "issue": "9", "pages": "1179-1181" }, { "id": "authors:khvd3-pyk03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "khvd3-pyk03", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHjvstb93", "type": "article", "title": "Lower-dimensional quantum structures by selective growth and gas-phase nucleation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Saunders", "given_name": "Winston A.", "clpid": "Saunders-Winston-A" }, { "family_name": "Tsai", "given_name": "Charles S.", "clpid": "Tsai-Charles-S" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-Peter-C" }, { "family_name": "Kuech", "given_name": "Tom", "clpid": "Kuech-Tom-F" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" } ], "abstract": "There is increasing interest in the potential application of quantum dots and quantum wires to various solid state devices. In this article, the physics of lower-dimensional quantum structures will be reviewed with emphasis on applications. In addition, two fabrication approaches under investigation at Caltech will be discussed. The first is based on selective nucleation of III\u2013V semiconductors on a patterned host substrate and the second is gas-phase nucleation of III\u2013V clusters. Recent results on formation of nanocrystal GaAs and silicon clusters in the gas phase are presented.", "doi": "10.1116/1.586499", "issn": "1071-1023", "publisher": "American Vacuum Society", "publication": "Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B", "publication_date": "1993-07", "series_number": "4", "volume": "11", "issue": "4", "pages": "1660-1666" }, { "id": "authors:1c7wp-e7124", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1c7wp-e7124", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PARol93", "type": "article", "title": "Frequency locking of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser to an external fiber Fabry-Perot resonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "An all-fiber, single-frequency, erbium-doped ring laser has been frequency locked to a resonance peak of an external fiber Fabry-Perot resonator by the Pound-Drever technique. In addition, feedback to the mode selection filter in the laser resonator eliminates occasional mode hopping completely, resulting in frequency-locked, stable, single-frequency operation of the laser for periods of several hours.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "1993-06-01", "series_number": "11", "volume": "18", "issue": "11", "pages": "879-881" }, { "id": "authors:a30ft-w0s49", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a30ft-w0s49", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZHOapl93a", "type": "article", "title": "Highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing and gain nonlinearity in a strained multiple-quantum-well optical amplifier", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Jianhui", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Koren", "given_name": "Uziel", "clpid": "Koren-U" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Barry I.", "clpid": "Miller-B-I" } ], "abstract": "Highly nondegenerate four-wave mixing was investigated in a 1.5 \u00b5m compressively strained multi-quantum-well semiconductor traveling-wave optical amplifier at detuning frequencies up to 600 GHz. A gain nonlinearity with a characteristic relaxation time of 650 fs was determined from the data, and the nonlinear gain coefficient was estimated to be 4.3\u00d710^\u201323 m^3. Dynamic carrier heating is believed to be the major source of nonlinear gain in this device at the wavelengths investigated.", "doi": "10.1063/1.109398", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1993-05-10", "series_number": "19", "volume": "62", "issue": "19", "pages": "2301-2303" }, { "id": "authors:xk7dk-b5074", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xk7dk-b5074", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:LEEapl93", "type": "article", "title": "Direct determination of the ambipolar diffusion length in strained InxGa1\u2212xAs/InP quantum wells by cathodoluminescence", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Lee-R-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Zah", "given_name": "Chung-En", "clpid": "Zah-C-E" }, { "family_name": "Bhat", "given_name": "Rajaram", "clpid": "Bhat-R" } ], "abstract": "The ambipolar diffusion length is measured in strained InxGa1\u2212xAs/InP quantum wells for several mole fractions in the interval 0.3", "doi": "10.1063/1.109381", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1993-05-10", "series_number": "19", "volume": "62", "issue": "19", "pages": "2411-2412" }, { "id": "authors:b0b5r-xfe15", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "b0b5r-xfe15", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953302000.17", "type": "article", "title": "The role of Ga-droplet formation in nanometer-scale GaAs cluster synthesis from organometallic precursors", "author": [ { "family_name": "Saunders", "given_name": "Winston A.", "clpid": "Saunders-Winston-A" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-Peter-C" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Recently we demonstrated the formation of crystalline nanometer scale GaAs clusters from organometallic precursors using an aerosol process derived from organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) [P. C. Sercelet al., Appl Phys. Lett.61, 696 (1992)]. Here, we explore the influence of precracking the Ga precursor (trimethyl-gallium), forming nanometer scale Ga droplets, prior to introduction of AsH3 to the reaction. We find the GaAs clusters so formed have an entirely different morphology than do those formed when the reactants are pre-mixed prior to reaction. This data supports our earlier contention that homogeneous nucleation is the dominant reaction mechanism for the formation of the clusters.", "doi": "10.1007/bf01425670", "issn": "0178-7683", "publisher": "Springer", "publication": "Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters", "publication_date": "1993-03", "series_number": "S1", "volume": "26", "issue": "S1", "pages": "219-221" }, { "id": "authors:syabp-a8b74", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "syabp-a8b74", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SANapl92b", "type": "article", "title": "Reduction of the intensity noise from an erbium-doped fiber laser to the standard quantum limit by intracavity spectral filtering", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sanders", "given_name": "Steve", "clpid": "Sanders-S" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The high frequency intensity noise of a tandem fiber Fabry\u2013Perot erbium-doped fiber ring laser is reduced to the standard quantum limit, with a 0.5 dB experimental uncertainty. Noise reduction of >~14 dB is achieved by intracavity spectral filtering of weak side modes using a narrow-band fiber Fabry\u2013Perot etalon.", "doi": "10.1063/1.108379", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1992-10-19", "series_number": "16", "volume": "61", "issue": "16", "pages": "1889-1891" }, { "id": "authors:bfrh5-1q885", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "bfrh5-1q885", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PARol92", "type": "article", "title": "Linewidth and frequency jitter measurement of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser by using a loss-compensated, delayed self-heterodyne interferometer", "author": [ { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The single-mode line width of erbium-doped, single-frequency, fiber ring laser has been measured by using a newly developed loss-compensated delayed self-heterodyne interferometer that has a resolution of less than 600 Hz. The natural linewidth is determined to have an upper bound of less than 2 kHz. In addition, frequency jitter was found to be dominant over the natural linewidth, yielding an effective linewidth of approximately 4 kHz.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "1992-09-15", "series_number": "18", "volume": "17", "issue": "18", "pages": "1274-1276" }, { "id": "authors:87n9n-mmx79", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "87n9n-mmx79", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:DAWieeeptl92", "type": "article", "title": "An improved delayed self-heterodyne interferometer for linewidth measurements", "author": [ { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The authors demonstrated a delayed self-heterodyne interferometer with a recirculating delay, in which loss was partially compensated by an erbium-doped fiber amplifier. A resolution limit of 606 Hz was achieved with an 11-km fiber delay line, as compared to 18.2 kHz for the standard single-pass case. The possible effect of spectral broadening due to amplifier noise is considered and found to have a negligible effect on the system performance.", "doi": "10.1109/68.157150", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1992-09-01", "series_number": "9", "volume": "4", "issue": "9", "pages": "1063-1066" }, { "id": "authors:2xkse-5v907", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2xkse-5v907", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SERapl92", "type": "article", "title": "Nanometer-scale GaAs clusters from organometallic precursors", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-Peter-C" }, { "family_name": "Saunders", "given_name": "Winston A.", "clpid": "Saunders-Winston-A" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" } ], "abstract": "We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters by homogeneous vapor-phase nucleation from organometallic precursors. Cluster synthesis is performed in a hot wall organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy reactor at atmospheric pressure. High resolution transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that the aerosol produced is composed of highly faceted single crystal GaAs particles in the 10\u201320 nm range. The influence of growth temperature and reactant concentration on cluster morphology is discussed.", "doi": "10.1063/1.107825", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1992-08-10", "series_number": "6", "volume": "61", "issue": "6", "pages": "696-698" }, { "id": "authors:md1s7-dmt54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "md1s7-dmt54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SAUjap92", "type": "article", "title": "Resonance-enhanced spontaneous emission from quantum dots", "author": [ { "family_name": "Saunders", "given_name": "Winston A.", "clpid": "Saunders-Winston-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" } ], "abstract": "Enhanced and inhibited spontaneous emission from a pointlike quantum dot embedded in a finite dielectric sphere are treated classically. Numerical results given for a GaAs quantum dot embedded in an Al_(0.4)Ga_(0.6)As sphere show the spontaneous emission rate is decreased by a factor of 80 when the radius of the sphere is small compared to the wavelength of emitted light. When the radius of the sphere is comparable to the wavelength, the spontaneous emission rate depends strongly on the radius. Sharp resonances, related to Mie resonances, with enhancements up to a factor of 100, are found in some cases.", "doi": "10.1063/1.351818", "issn": "0021-8979", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Journal of Applied Physics", "publication_date": "1992-07-15", "series_number": "2", "volume": "72", "issue": "2", "pages": "806-808" }, { "id": "authors:j6af1-afz87", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "j6af1-afz87", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120315-132215059", "type": "article", "title": "Co-lasing in an electrically tunable erbium-doped fiber laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate simultaneous wavelength operation (co-lasing) of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser with independent tunability of each wavelength over 35 nm between 1528 and 1563 nm. We study two different configurations and also investigate use of aluminum versus germanium codoped gain modules in the ring. We find that the aluminum codoped gain module has superior tunability.", "doi": "10.1063/1.106761", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1992-06-22", "series_number": "25", "volume": "60", "issue": "25", "pages": "3090-3092" }, { "id": "authors:c29zf-c5894", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c29zf-c5894", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PARieeeptl92", "type": "article", "title": "Multiple wavelength operation of an erbium-doped fiber laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Wavelength-locked, six-channel, colasing operation using a single gain medium is reported for the first time. The system is an all-fiber, erbium-amplifier-based design that uses a grating wavelength division multiplexer with a fixed channel spacing of 4.8 nm for frequency selection. The authors investigate two possible configurations for the laser cavity.", "doi": "10.1109/68.141960", "issn": "1041-1135", "publisher": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication": "IEEE Photonics Technology Letters", "publication_date": "1992-06-01", "series_number": "6", "volume": "4", "issue": "6", "pages": "540-541" }, { "id": "authors:ty5yx-2p292", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ty5yx-2p292", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SANapl92a", "type": "article", "title": "Measurements of the intensity noise of a broadly tunable, erbium-doped fiber ring laser, relative to the standard quantum limit", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sanders", "given_name": "Steve", "clpid": "Sanders-S" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "clpid": "Park-N" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The intensity noise of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser is measured relative to the standard quantum limit. Over a tuning range of 24 nm, the noise power is within 20 dB of the shot noise floor and varies linearly with laser output power. Oscillations in the noise power spectrum are observed and attributed to beating of the lasing mode with other, strongly damped cavity modes.", "doi": "10.1063/1.106916", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1992-05-25", "series_number": "21", "volume": "60", "issue": "21", "pages": "2583-2585" }, { "id": "authors:5tna3-vav45", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5tna3-vav45", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NEWapl92", "type": "article", "title": "Large (14.5 dB) reduction of intensity noise from a semiconductor laser by amplitude-phase decorrelation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "By the method of amplitude-phase decorrelation, intensity noise from a distributed feedback semiconductor laser is passively reduced up to 14.5 dB below its intrinsic level. At high laser power, reduction to 1.3 dB above the photon shot noise level is observed. The results agree with a simple model incorporating a power-independent source of phase noise in the laser rate equations.", "doi": "10.1063/1.107319", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1992-03-16", "series_number": "11", "volume": "60", "issue": "11", "pages": "1289-1291" }, { "id": "authors:0mrrj-zaa65", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0mrrj-zaa65", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953382000.26", "type": "article", "title": "Vapor phase synthesis of crystalline nanometer\u2010scale GaAs clusters", "author": [ { "family_name": "Saunders", "given_name": "Winston A.", "clpid": "Saunders-Winston-A" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-Peter-C" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" } ], "abstract": "We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer\u2010scale GaAs clusters in the 5\u201310 nm size regime. The clusters are formed by the homogeneous nucleation of a nonequilibrium vapor created by the explosive vaporization of a bulk GaAs sample in an inert atmosphere. High resolution electron microscopy and diffraction show that the clusters have zincblende crystal structure and are faceted. Optical measurements on the particles are suggestive of quantum confinement effects.", "doi": "10.1063/1.106471", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1992-02-24", "series_number": "8", "volume": "60", "issue": "8", "pages": "950-952" }, { "id": "authors:rwptx-kmk16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rwptx-kmk16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SAUapl92", "type": "article", "title": "Vapor phase synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters", "author": [ { "family_name": "Saunders", "given_name": "Winston A.", "clpid": "Saunders-W-A" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" } ], "abstract": "We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters in the 5-10 nm size regime. The clusters are formed by the homogeneous nucleation of a nonequilibrium vapor created by the explosive vaporization of a bulk GaAs sample in an inert atmosphere. High resolution electron microscopy and diffraction show that the clusters have zincblende crystal structure and are faceted. Optical measurements on the particles are suggestive of quantum confinement effects.", "doi": "10.1063/1.106471", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1992-02-24", "series_number": "8", "volume": "60", "issue": "8", "pages": "950-952" }, { "id": "authors:kgphq-xxq30", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kgphq-xxq30", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:TSAapl92", "type": "article", "title": "Facet modulation selective epitaxy\u2013a technique for quantum-well wire doublet fabrication", "author": [ { "family_name": "Tsai", "given_name": "Charles S.", "clpid": "Tsai-C-S" }, { "family_name": "Lebens", "given_name": "John A.", "clpid": "Lebens-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Ahn", "given_name": "Channing C.", "clpid": "Ahn-C-C" }, { "family_name": "Nouhi", "given_name": "Akbar", "clpid": "Nouhi-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The technique of facet modulation selective epitaxy and its application to quantum-well wire doublet fabrication are described. Successful fabrication of wire doublets in the AlxGa1\u2013xAs material system is achieved. The smallest wire fabricated has a crescent cross section less than 140 \u00c5 thick and less than 1400 \u00c5 wide. Backscattered electron images, transmission electron micrographs, cathodoluminescence spectra, and spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence images of the wire doublets are presented.", "doi": "10.1063/1.106976", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1992-01-13", "series_number": "2", "volume": "60", "issue": "2", "pages": "240-242" }, { "id": "authors:agj8m-x4a14", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "agj8m-x4a14", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl91", "type": "article", "title": "Approximate expressions for modulation speed and threshold for performance optimization of biaxially compressive strain quantum-well lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Zah", "given_name": "Chung-en", "clpid": "Zah-C-E" } ], "abstract": "Simple analytical expressions for transparency, threshold, and relaxation oscillation corner frequency are derived for biaxial strain quantum-well lasers. An optimal operating point loss for high speed operation (in the absence of nonlinear gain) is established which varies as the square root of the number of quantum wells. The corresponding relaxation oscillation frequency is found to depend only on fundamental quantities. Its power dependence is [vR(max) = (87 GHz \u00f5m^3/mW) (Powerout/Vmode)^1/2) where Vmode is the mode volume.", "doi": "10.1063/1.105741", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1991-12-16", "series_number": "25", "volume": "59", "issue": "25", "pages": "3230-3232" }, { "id": "authors:krf5n-sge63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "krf5n-sge63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PARapl91", "type": "article", "title": "All fiber, low threshold, widely tunable single-frequency, erbium-doped fiber ring laser with a tandem fiber Fabry\u2013Perot filter", "author": [ { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Namkyoo", "orcid": "0000-0003-0197-7633", "clpid": "Park-Namkyoo" }, { "family_name": "Dawson", "given_name": "Jay W.", "clpid": "Dawson-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Calvin", "clpid": "Miller-Calvin" } ], "abstract": "An all fiber, widely tunable, single-frequency, erbium-doped fiber ring laser was constructed with a threshold pump power as low as 10 mW. Tuning over more than 30 nm was obtained by applying 0 to 17 dc V to an intracavity fiber Fabry\u2013Perot filter. Threshold pump power versus wavelength data showed low variation over the tuning range. Mode hopping suppression with a tandem fiber Fabry\u2013Perot filter is proposed and demonstrated. Stable single-frequency operation was demonstrated with side mode suppression higher than 35 dB.", "doi": "10.1063/1.106018", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1991-11-04", "series_number": "19", "volume": "59", "issue": "19", "pages": "2369-2371" }, { "id": "authors:0s8c8-6wf02", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0s8c8-6wf02", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SERprb91", "type": "article", "title": "Polarization dependence of optical absorption and emission in quantum wires", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The polarization dependence of absorption and emission spectra in cylindrical quantum wires is studied using a formulation of multiband envelope-function theory in a representation of cylindrical Bloch waves. The work presented is an analysis of the optical properties of quantum wires, which includes band-coupling effects. Contrary to the assumptions employed in previous studies, the valence states involved in these transitions are a strong admixture of light- and heavy-hole character. Band-coupling effects are therefore essential to understanding valence-subband dispersion and density of states, the energy dependence of interband optical-transition matrix elements, and polarization anisotropies. Analytical expressions are derived for the polarization dependence of optical matrix elements, and hence, optical-absorption and emission spectra. Applicability of the results derived for cylindrical quantum wires to the case of wires with lower symmetry is discussed.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.44.5681", "issn": "0163-1829", "publisher": "Physical Review B", "publication": "Physical Review B", "publication_date": "1991-09-15", "series_number": "11", "volume": "44", "issue": "11", "pages": "5681-5691" }, { "id": "authors:wkntz-z7k57", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wkntz-z7k57", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120424-114334978", "type": "book_section", "title": "Intensity and frequency noise in semiconductor lasers", "book_title": "Proceedings of the 1991 45th Annual Symposium on Frequency Control", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Summary form only given. The author reviewed the physics governing field fluctuations in semiconductor lasers, discussed the performance levels that have been achieved in state-of-the-art devices, and tried to forecast future performance levels and novel structures/materials that may be used in these devices. Commercial semiconductor lasers are nearly ideal in terms of their physical properties. Their intensity noise spectra and short-term frequency stability are governed almost exclusively by quantum mechanical effects, and these, in turn, determine system performance levels.", "doi": "10.1109/FREQ.1991.145947", "isbn": "0-87942-658-6", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "1991-05", "pages": "539-539" }, { "id": "authors:dzwfm-qf836", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dzwfm-qf836", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NEWieeejqe91", "type": "article", "title": "Amplitude-phase decorrelation: a method for reducing intensity noise in semiconductor lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "It has been shown that the method of amplitude-phase decorrelation can reduce the fundamental intensity noise floor of semiconductor laser light over a wide bandwidth by the ratio 1/(1+\u03b1^2), where \u03b1 is the linewidth enhancement factor. The method uses a dispersive element to convert phase noise into intensity noise. This technique was recently demonstrated by reducing intensity noise from a DFB (distributed feedback) laser as much as 7 dB below its intrinsic level. In the present work, the authors extend these results by characterizing the frequency dependence of the noise reduction. Optimum reduction is achieved in the flat region of the spectrum and diminishes at higher frequencies approaching the relaxation resonance. The correlation properties of the fluctuations are also investigated.", "doi": "10.1109/3.73536", "issn": "0018-9197", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1991-01-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "27", "issue": "1", "pages": "13-22" }, { "id": "authors:hte7c-qn612", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hte7c-qn612", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170811-083953547", "type": "article", "title": "Fabrication of Semiconductor Quantum Dots", "author": [ { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The fabrication of semiconductor structures with precisely controlled nanomeLer scale compositional variations have given designers of electronic and photonic devices a new degree of freedom in the control of material properties, and have made possible entirely new classes of electronic and photonic devices (Vahala, 1988). The synthesis of quasi zero-dimensional systems, called quantum dots, has been proposed as an even more exciting development because the electronic state space in these structures is discrete as a result of the three dimensional confinement. The benefits of this confinement can only be realized if the dimensions of the structures can be controlled to within\nvery tight tolerances. The necessary control has been achieved in quantum well structures through the application of molecular beam epitaxi techniques. Efforts to synthesize photonic devices from quantum dots have, however, been frustrated by the inability to control the scale of the structures produced by lithographic methods with sufficient precision. It is estimated that the size of a gallium arsenide cluster of 5 nm diameter should be controlled to within 0.5 nm (Vahala, 1988).", "doi": "10.1016/S0021-8502(05)80027-8", "issn": "0021-8502", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "publication_date": "1991", "series_number": "S1", "volume": "22", "issue": "S1", "pages": "S31-S33" }, { "id": "authors:74pxy-bp567", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "74pxy-bp567", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:YARol90b", "type": "article", "title": "Self-quenching of fundamental phase and amplitude noise in semiconductor lasers with dispersive loss", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Nabiev", "given_name": "Rashit", "clpid": "Nabiev-R" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We show theoretically that the incorporation of a frequency-dependent loss mechanism in a semiconductor laser can lead, in concert with the amplitude-to-phase coupling, to major reductions of the fundamental intensity and phase noise. A loss dispersion of the wrong sign, on the other hand, leads to an increase of the noise and, at a certain strength, to instability.", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optics Letters", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "1990-12-01", "series_number": "23", "volume": "15", "issue": "23", "pages": "1359-1361" }, { "id": "authors:nvbnr-yxv10", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nvbnr-yxv10", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SERapl90b", "type": "article", "title": "Type II broken-gap quantum wires and quantum dot arrays: A novel concept for self-doping semiconductor nanostructures", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A novel concept for creating self-doping quantum wires and quantum dot arrays based upon the InAs-GaSb material system is proposed. The unusual type II, broken-gap band line-up in this system allows charge transfer across the InAs-GaSb interfaces. We employ a recently developed coupled band formalism to examine analytically the band structure of InAs-GaSb quantum dots and wires. The analysis shows that appropriately engineered nanostructures which contain high free-carrier densities are possible without intentional impurity doping. Quantum dots in this system behave as artificial quasiatoms, with ionization energy and valence determined by fabricationally determined parameters. Synthetic p-(n-)type semiconductors may therefore be formed from arrays of InAs(GaSb) quantum dots embedded in GaSb(InAs). InAs-GaSb quantum wires are also investigated and found to exhibit self-doping behavior. Possible fabrication schemes utilizing recently developed technologies are discussed.", "doi": "10.1063/1.103356", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1990-10-08", "series_number": "15", "volume": "57", "issue": "15", "pages": "1569-1571" }, { "id": "authors:jtc56-zve80", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jtc56-zve80", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180709-142005419", "type": "book_section", "title": "Spontaneous selective epitaxial growth of compositionally modulated AlGaAs with an orientation-dependent band gap", "book_title": "Growth of Semiconductor Structures and High-Tc Thin Films on Semiconductors", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hoenk", "given_name": "Michael E.", "clpid": "Hoenk-M-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Madhukar", "given_name": "Anupam", "clpid": "Madhukar-A" } ], "abstract": "We have demonstrated selective epitaxial growth of Al_xGa_(1-x)As, with an abrupt transition in the bandgap lateral to the growth direction. Spontaneous compositional modulation, with an associated reduction in the effective bandgap, occurs in AlGaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy on the sides of grooves in a GaAs substrate. The bandgap is observed to be dependent on the groove orientation. Possible mechanisms for the orientation dependent growth are discussed.", "doi": "10.1117/12.20819", "isbn": "0819403369", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "1990-10-01", "pages": "170-181" }, { "id": "authors:ygt3a-0am96", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ygt3a-0am96", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl90", "type": "article", "title": "Intensity noise reduction in semiconductor lasers by amplitude-phase decorrelation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" } ], "abstract": "Detuned operation of a laser results in coupling of field amplitude and phase fluctuations. In a semiconductor laser, this coupling is known to be very large. We demonstrate that it can be used to significantly reduce intensity noise below its intrinsic limit.", "doi": "10.1063/1.103530", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1990-09-03", "series_number": "10", "volume": "57", "issue": "10", "pages": "974-976" }, { "id": "authors:h93vt-wmj14", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "h93vt-wmj14", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SERprb90", "type": "article", "title": "Analytical formalism for determining quantum-wire and quantum-dot band structure in the multiband envelope-function approximation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We describe a new formalism for determining energy eigenstates of spherical quantum dots and cylindrical quantum wires in the multiple-band envelope-function approximation. The technique is based upon a reformulation of the K\u22c5P theory in a basis of eigenstates of total angular momentum. Stationary states are formed by mixing bulk energy eigenvectors and imposing matching conditions across the heterostructure interface, yielding dispersion relations for eigenenergies in quantum wires and quantum dots. The bound states are studied for the conduction band and the coupled light and heavy holes as a function of radius for the GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum dot. Conduction-band\u2013valence-band coupling is shown to be critical in a \"type-II\" InAs/GaSb quantum dot, which is studied here for the first time. Quantum-wire valence-subband dispersion and effective masses are determined for GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs wires of several radii. The masses are found to be independent of wire radius in an infinite-well model, but strongly dependent on wire radius for a finite well, in which the effective mass of the highest-energy valence subband is as low as 0.16m0. Implications of the band-coupling effects on optical matrix elements in quantum wires and dots are discussed.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.42.3690", "issn": "0163-1829", "publisher": "Physical Review B", "publication": "Physical Review B", "publication_date": "1990-08-15", "series_number": "6", "volume": "42", "issue": "6", "pages": "3690-3711" }, { "id": "authors:xksyh-80443", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xksyh-80443", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SERapl90", "type": "article", "title": "Analytical technique for determining the polarization dependence of optical matrix elements in quantum wires with band-coupling effects", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We present an analytical technique for determining polarization-dependent optical transition matrix elements in quantum wires which rigorously incorporates the effects of band coupling. Using this technique, we examine the polarization anisotropy of the two lowest energy optical transitions in a GaAs quantum wire. Contrary to assumptions employed in previous studies, we show that the valence states involved in these transitions are a strong admixture of light and heavy hole character. The lowest energy transition is found to be four times stronger for electric fields oriented parallel to the wire than for the perpendicular orientation. In contrast, the next highest transition does not interact with optical waves polarized along the wire axis. We discuss sources of error which arise in simpler one-band models of this phenomenon in addition to the neglect of band coupling and show that the coupled band model presented here is essential for predicting these effects.", "doi": "10.1063/1.103642", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1990-08-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "57", "issue": "6", "pages": "545-547" }, { "id": "authors:whs2j-1pz95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "whs2j-1pz95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHprl90", "type": "article", "title": "Application of a total-angular-momentl-P-Cum basis to quantum-dot band structure", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" } ], "abstract": "Multiband envelope theory is reformulated in terms of a basis of total envelope and zone-center Bloch angular momentum. The k\u22c5p operator is scalar with respect to the total-angular-momentum operator and hence is block diagonal in its eigenbasis. The projections of the Hamiltonian into the F=1/2 and the F=3/2 subspaces of total angular momentum are derived and quantum-dot band structure is calculated in GaAs(AlGaAs) and InAs(GaSb) systems as an example application of the formalism.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.65.239", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "1990-07-09", "series_number": "2", "volume": "65", "issue": "2", "pages": "239-242" }, { "id": "authors:6hknc-vy570", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6hknc-vy570", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:LEBapl90", "type": "article", "title": "Application of selective epitaxy to fabrication of nanometer scale wire and dot structures", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lebens", "given_name": "John A.", "clpid": "Lebens-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Tsai", "given_name": "Charles S.", "clpid": "Tsai-C-S" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kuech", "given_name": "T. F.", "clpid": "Kuech-T-F" } ], "abstract": "The selective growth of nanometer scale GaAs wire and dot structures using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy is demonstrated. Spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence images as well as spectra from single dots and wires are presented. A blue shifting of the GaAs peak is observed as the size scale of the wires and dots decreases.", "doi": "10.1063/1.102862", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1990-06-25", "series_number": "26", "volume": "56", "issue": "26", "pages": "2642-2644" }, { "id": "authors:4v4mk-dvh94", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4v4mk-dvh94", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161019-091929313", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum wire and quantum dot semiconductor lasers", "book_title": "Nonlinear Optical Materials and Devices for Photonic Switching", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Lebens", "given_name": "John A.", "clpid": "Lebens-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Tsai", "given_name": "Charles S.", "clpid": "Tsai-C-S" }, { "family_name": "Kuech", "given_name": "Thomas F.", "clpid": "Kuech-T-F" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Hoenk", "given_name": "Michael E.", "clpid": "Hoenk-M-E" }, { "family_name": "Zarem", "given_name": "Hal A.", "clpid": "Zarem-H-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Peyghambarian", "given_name": "Nasser", "clpid": "Peyghambarian-N" } ], "abstract": "There is currently great interest in fabrication of structures that are two and three dimensional analogs of the conventional quantum well. We review here the physics behind the use of arrays of such lower dimensional structures in semiconductor laser active layers. Methods which are currently under investigation for producing such structures will be discussed.", "doi": "10.1117/12.18115", "isbn": "0-8194-0257-5", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "1990-05-01", "pages": "120-129" }, { "id": "authors:5tve4-dz493", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5tve4-dz493", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZARapl89b", "type": "article", "title": "Effect of Al mole fraction on carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes in AlxGa1\u2212xAs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zarem", "given_name": "H. A.", "clpid": "Zarem-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Lebens", "given_name": "J. A.", "clpid": "Lebens-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Nordstrom", "given_name": "K. B.", "clpid": "Nordstrom-K-B" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "P. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Sanders", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Sanders-S" }, { "family_name": "Eng", "given_name": "L. E.", "clpid": "Eng-L" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The ambipolar diffusion length and carrier lifetime are measured in AlxGa1\u2212xAs for several mole fractions in the interval 0", "doi": "10.1063/1.101955", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1989-12-18", "series_number": "25", "volume": "55", "issue": "25", "pages": "2622-2624" }, { "id": "authors:a1jty-5q317", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a1jty-5q317", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120517-095740025", "type": "article", "title": "Quantitative measurement of the composition of Al_xGa_(1\u2212x)As heterostructures using a simple backscattered electron detector", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Lebens", "given_name": "John A.", "clpid": "Lebens-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We describe a technique for the quantitative measurement of composition in Al_xGa_(1\u2212x)As heterostructures using a simple solid\u2010state backscattered electron detector in a scanning electron microscope. Calibration data are presented and are shown to be consistent with the Castaing [Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 13, 317 (1960)] theory. The technique is applied to image representative Al_xGa_(1\u2212x)As heterostructures including a graded index separate confinement heterostructure (GRINSCH) laser structure.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1140489", "issn": "0034-6748", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "publication_date": "1989-12", "series_number": "12", "volume": "60", "issue": "12", "pages": "3775-3778" }, { "id": "authors:6vgmb-0qz17", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6vgmb-0qz17", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120524-131646424", "type": "book_section", "title": "A novel technique for the direct determination of carrier diffusion lengths in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures using cathodoluminescence", "book_title": "1989 Technical Digest International Electron Devices Meeting", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "P. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Zarem", "given_name": "H. A.", "clpid": "Zarem-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Lebens", "given_name": "J. A.", "clpid": "Lebens-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Eng", "given_name": "L. E.", "clpid": "Eng-L-E" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A new technique for determining carrier diffusion lengths\nin direct gap semiconductors by cathodoluminescence measurement\nis presented. Ambipolar diffusion lengths are\ndetermined for GaAs quantum well material, bulk GaAs,\nand Al_xGa_(1-x)As with x up to 0.38. A large increase in\nthe diffusion length is found as x approaches 0.38 and is\nattributed to an order of magnitude increase in lifetime.", "doi": "10.1109/IEDM.1989.74280", "isbn": "0-7803-0817-4", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "1989-12", "pages": "285-288" }, { "id": "authors:1jngd-17f47", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1jngd-17f47", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZARapl89a", "type": "article", "title": "Direct determination of the ambipolar diffusion length in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures by cathodoluminescence", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zarem", "given_name": "H. A.", "clpid": "Zarem-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "P. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Lebens", "given_name": "J. A.", "clpid": "Lebens-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Eng", "given_name": "L. E.", "clpid": "Eng-L" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K. J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A new technique for determining carrier diffusion lengths by cathodoluminescence measurements is presented. The technique is extremely accurate and can be applied to a variety of structures. Ambipolar diffusion lengths are determined for GaAs quantum well material, bulk GaAs, Al0.21Ga0.79As, and Al0.37Ga0.63As. A large increase in the diffusion length is found for Al0.37Ga0.63As and is attributed to an order of magnitude increase in lifetime.", "doi": "10.1063/1.102226", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1989-10-16", "series_number": "16", "volume": "55", "issue": "16", "pages": "1647-1649" }, { "id": "authors:w3z4h-xy581", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "w3z4h-xy581", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NEWapl89b", "type": "article", "title": "Measurement of the fundamental modulation response of a semiconductor laser to millimeter wave frequencies by active-layer photomixing", "author": [ { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The room-temperature modulation response of a GaAs/GaAlAs semiconductor laser (relaxation resonance frequency, vR=6.5 GHz) is measured to 37 GHz using the active-layer photomixing technique. The measured response function agrees with the theoretical ideal, and there is no indication of device parasitic effects. An ultrahigh-finesse Fabry\u2013Perot interferometer is used to detect the optical modulation, which appears as sidebands in the laser field spectrum. With a moderately faster laser diode (i.e., vR~10 GHz), the modulation response should be measurable beyond 100 GHz.", "doi": "10.1063/1.101730", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1989-09-04", "series_number": "10", "volume": "55", "issue": "10", "pages": "939-941" }, { "id": "authors:rhr98-e0n06", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rhr98-e0n06", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOEapl89b", "type": "article", "title": "Compositional modulation in AlxGa1\u2212xAs epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on the (111) facets of grooves in a nonplanar substrate", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hoenk", "given_name": "Michael E.", "clpid": "Hoenk-M-E" }, { "family_name": "Nieh", "given_name": "C. W.", "clpid": "Nieh-C-W" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Howard Z.", "clpid": "Chen-H-Z" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We report the first observation of a lateral junction formed in an alloy due to an abrupt transition from segregated to random AlGaAs alloy compositions. Al0.25Ga0.75As epilayers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on [011-bar] oriented grooves in a nonplanar (100) GaAs substrate. A quasi-periodic modulation of the aluminum concentration occurs spontaneously in material grown on the (111) facets of the groove, with a period of 50\u201370 \u00c5 along the [111] direction. The compositional modulation is associated with a reduction of the band gap by 130 meV, with respect to the random alloy. While segregation of the AlGaAs alloy has been seen previously, this is the first observation of segregation of AlGaAs grown on a (111) surface. The compositional modulation terminates abruptly at the boundaries of the (111) facet, forming abrupt lateral junctions in the AlGaAs layers grown on a groove.", "doi": "10.1063/1.102263", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1989-07-03", "series_number": "1", "volume": "55", "issue": "1", "pages": "53-55" }, { "id": "authors:5c9z1-h4e04", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5c9z1-h4e04", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZARapl89c", "type": "article", "title": "Nanometer scale wire structures fabricated by diffusion-induced selective disordering of a GaAs(AlGaAs) quantum well", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zarem", "given_name": "Hal A.", "clpid": "Zarem-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Sercel", "given_name": "Peter C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793", "clpid": "Sercel-P-C" }, { "family_name": "Hoenk", "given_name": "Michael E.", "clpid": "Hoenk-M-E" }, { "family_name": "Lebens", "given_name": "John A.", "clpid": "Lebens-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A shallow zinc diffusion technique is used to selectively disorder a GaAs quantum well creating nanometer scale wire structures. Spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence images of the structures are presented as well as local spectra of cathodoluminescence emission from the structures. Blue shifting of the luminescence from the wire structures is observed.", "doi": "10.1063/1.101037", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1989-06-26", "series_number": "26", "volume": "54", "issue": "26", "pages": "2692-2694" }, { "id": "authors:xf8rz-1mf91", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xf8rz-1mf91", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180710-150733714", "type": "book_section", "title": "The Effects Of Fabricational Variations On Quantum Wire Laser Gain Spectra And Performance", "book_title": "Laser Diode Technology and Applications", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zarem", "given_name": "Hal", "clpid": "Zarem-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Figueroa", "given_name": "Luis", "clpid": "Figueroa-L" } ], "abstract": "The effects of fabricational variations on the gain spectra of quantum wires are calculated within the limits of first order perturbation theory. Gain spectra and density of states for 50\u00c5 radius and 150\u00c5 radius cylindrical quantum wires are calculated and plotted for several different fabrication tolerances. The wave functions for a finite, cylindrical potential are calculated and a quasi-critical radius, below which the carriers are weakly confined by the potential, is established. This sets a lower limit on quantum wire size. Upper limits on the size of quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum boxes are also discussed. The threshold current and differential gain of quantum wire lasers and quantum wire array lasers are calculated. These calculations indicate a possible reduction in threshold current of one to two orders of magnitude as compared to the best quantum well lasers to date.", "doi": "10.1117/12.976370", "isbn": "0819400785", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "1989-06-22", "pages": "184-191" }, { "id": "authors:jyzg2-77384", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jyzg2-77384", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl89", "type": "article", "title": "The optical gain lever: A novel gain mechanism in the direct modulation of quantum well semiconductor lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "T. R.", "clpid": "Chen-T-R" } ], "abstract": "A new gain mechanism active in certain quantum well laser diode structures is demonstrated and explained theoretically. It enhances the modulation amplitude produced by either optical or electrical modulation of quantum well structures. In the devices tested, power gains of 6 dB were measured from low frequency to frequencies of several gigahertz. Higher gains may be possible in optimized structures.", "doi": "10.1063/1.101076", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1989-06-19", "series_number": "25", "volume": "54", "issue": "25", "pages": "2506-2508" }, { "id": "authors:hpmmm-5a849", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hpmmm-5a849", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHieeejqe89", "type": "article", "title": "Parasitic-free modulation of semiconductor lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" } ], "abstract": "Active-layer photomixing is a technique for modulating semiconductor lasers with nearly perfect immunity to device parasitics. Measurements of the intrinsic modulation response of a laser diode using this technique at temperatures as low as 4.2 K are discussed. From these measurements, the temperature dependence of important dynamical parameters is determined. In addition, this provides a stringent test of the active-layer photomixing technique since parasitic response is degraded, while the intrinsic response is improved for low-temperature operation. At 4.2 K, the ideal intrinsic response is measured for frequencies as high as 15 GHz despite an estimated parasitic corner frequency of 410 MHz.", "doi": "10.1109/3.29274", "issn": "0018-9197", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1989-06-01", "series_number": "6", "volume": "25", "issue": "6", "pages": "1393-1398" }, { "id": "authors:zsncw-jvd50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zsncw-jvd50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOEapl89a", "type": "article", "title": "Cathodoluminescence measurement of an orientation dependent aluminum concentration in AlxGa1\u2212xAs epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a nonplanar substrate", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hoenk", "given_name": "Michael E.", "clpid": "Hoenk-M-E" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Howard Z.", "clpid": "Chen-H-Z" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Morko\u00e7", "given_name": "Hadis", "clpid": "Morko\u00e7-H" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Cathodoluminescence scanning electron microscopy is used to study AlxGa1\u2212x As epilayers grown on a nonplanar substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. Grooves parallel to the [011-bar] direction were etched in an undoped GaAs substrate. Growth on such grooves proceeds on particular facet planes. We find that the aluminum concentration in the epilayers is dependent on the facet orientation, changing by as much as 35% from the value in the unpatterned areas. The transition in the aluminum concentration at a boundary between two facets is observed to be very abrupt.", "doi": "10.1063/1.100711", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1989-04-03", "series_number": "14", "volume": "54", "issue": "14", "pages": "1347-1349" }, { "id": "authors:y7ada-fpe57", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "y7ada-fpe57", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZARieeejqe89", "type": "article", "title": "Gain spectra of quantum wires with inhomogeneous broadening", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zarem", "given_name": "Hal", "clpid": "Zarem-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "The effects of fabricational variations on the gain spectra of quantum wires are calculated within the limits of first-order perturbation theory. Gain spectra and density of states for 50-\u00c5-radius and 150-\u00c5-radius cylindrical quantum wires are calculated and plotted for several different fabrication tolerances. The wave functions for a finite, cylindrical potential are calculated and a quasicritical radius, below which the carriers are weakly confined by the potential, is established. This sets a lower limit on quantum wire size. Upper limits on the size of quantum wells, quantum wires, and quantum boxes are also discussed. The threshold current and differential gain of quantum-wire lasers and quantum wire array lasers are calculated. These calculations indicate a possible reduction in threshold current of one to two orders of magnitude as compared to the best quantum-well lasers.", "doi": "10.1109/3.17334", "issn": "0018-9197", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1989-04-01", "series_number": "4", "volume": "25", "issue": "4", "pages": "705-712" }, { "id": "authors:dvfm0-dvd25", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dvfm0-dvd25", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NEWapl89a", "type": "article", "title": "Low-temperature measurement of the fundamental frequency response of a semiconductor laser by active-layer photomixing", "author": [ { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We use the active-layer photomixing technique to directly modulate the output of a GaAs semiconductor laser operating at temperatures as low as 4.2 K. The technique produces modulation with nearly perfect immunity to device parasitic effects, revealing the laser diode's intrinsic modulation response. At 4.2 K the parasitic corner frequency is estimated to be 410 MHz, yet the response appears ideal out to 15 GHz. We measure the dynamical parameters governing the response function, the relaxation resonance frequency, and the damping rate, and discuss their low-temperature behavior.", "doi": "10.1063/1.100890", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1989-02-13", "series_number": "7", "volume": "54", "issue": "7", "pages": "600-602" }, { "id": "authors:ks1tx-1ca47", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ks1tx-1ca47", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOErsi89", "type": "article", "title": "Cathodoluminescence system for a scanning electron microscope using an optical fiber for light collection", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hoenk", "given_name": "Michael E.", "clpid": "Hoenk-M-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We describe a novel light collection system for cathodoluminescence scanning electron microscopy. Cathodoluminescence emitted from the sample surface enters directly into the facet of an optical fiber, which is held less than a millimeter away from the sample to optimize the collection efficiency. The fiber is small enough that it has a minimal effect on access to the sample by other detection apparatus. Three axis positioning of the fiber is accomplished with motorized translation stages located in the sample chamber. Techniques for generating cathodoluminescence images and local spectra are discussed. The techniques are applied to oval defects in molecular beam epitaxially grown GaAs/AlGaAs epilayers, and the results are presented.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1140466", "issn": "0034-6748", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "publication_date": "1989-02", "series_number": "2", "volume": "60", "issue": "2", "pages": "226-230" }, { "id": "authors:cmppx-0kc90", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cmppx-0kc90", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HOEapl88", "type": "article", "title": "Cathodoluminescence of oval defects in GaAs/AlxGa1\u2013xAs epilayers using an optical fiber light collection system", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hoenk", "given_name": "Michael E.", "clpid": "Hoenk-M-E" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "A cathodoluminescence system using a novel optical fiber light collection system is employed to study oval defects in GaAs/Alx Ga1\u2013x As epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Spatially and spectrally resolved data on the luminescence of oval defects are presented. Oval defects are found to contain an enhanced concentration of gallium, which is consistent with current theories regarding the origin of these defects.", "doi": "10.1063/1.100319", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1988-11-21", "series_number": "21", "volume": "53", "issue": "21", "pages": "2062-2064" }, { "id": "authors:34dkh-wex17", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "34dkh-wex17", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ZARel88", "type": "article", "title": "Generation of 1180 \u00c5 period gratings with a Xe ion laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zarem", "given_name": "H. A.", "clpid": "Zarem-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Hoenk", "given_name": "M. E.", "clpid": "Hoenk-M-E" }, { "family_name": "Bridges", "given_name": "W. B.", "clpid": "Bridges-W-B" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "Holographic lithography with the 2315 \u00c5 line of a xenon ion laser is used to produce gratings in polymethylmethacrylate. An 1180 \u00c5 period grating is made and examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). This grating period is appropriate for use as a first-order grating with a GaAs distributed feedback laser.", "issn": "0013-5194", "publisher": "Electronics Letters", "publication": "Electronics Letters", "publication_date": "1988-10-27", "series_number": "22", "volume": "24", "issue": "22", "pages": "1366-1367" }, { "id": "authors:3wpgr-y4s36", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3wpgr-y4s36", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl88b", "type": "article", "title": "Equivalent circuit model for active-layer photomixing: Parasitic-free modulation of semiconductor lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" } ], "abstract": "Direct modulation of a laser diode by active-layer photomixing is studied in terms of an equivalent circuit model. The model shows that this modulation technique achieves nearly perfect immunity to package, chip, and junction-related parasitic effects so that the measured modulation response reflects the intrinsic carrier-photon dynamics. The nonlinear gain effect is included in the model.", "doi": "10.1063/1.100038", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1988-09-26", "series_number": "13", "volume": "53", "issue": "13", "pages": "1141-1143" }, { "id": "authors:evgsm-jnb50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "evgsm-jnb50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:DERapl88", "type": "article", "title": "Spectral and dynamic characteristics of buried-heterostructure single quantum well (Al,Ga)As lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Derry", "given_name": "P. L.", "clpid": "Derry-P-L" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "T. R.", "clpid": "Chen-T-R" }, { "family_name": "Zhuang", "given_name": "Y. H.", "clpid": "Zhuang-Y-H" }, { "family_name": "Paslaski", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Paslaski-J-S" }, { "family_name": "Mittelstein", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Mittelstein-M" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate that, as predicted, (Al,Ga)As single quantum well (SQW) lasers have substantially narrower spectral linewidths than bulk double-heterostructure lasers. We have observed a further major reduction (>3\u00d7) in the linewidth of these SQW lasers when the facet reflectivities are enhanced. This observation is explained theoretically on the basis of the very low losses in coated SQW lasers and the value of the spontaneous emission factor at low threshold currents. We also report on the modulation frequency response parameter of these SQW lasers.", "doi": "10.1063/1.100144", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1988-07-25", "series_number": "4", "volume": "53", "issue": "4", "pages": "271-273" }, { "id": "authors:3kwjk-3ch19", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3kwjk-3ch19", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl88a", "type": "article", "title": "Effect of doping on the optical gain and the spontaneous noise enhancement factor in quantum well amplifiers and lasers studied by simple analytical expressions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Zah", "given_name": "C. E.", "clpid": "Zah-C-E" } ], "abstract": "The maximum optical gain and the spontaneous noise enhancement factor in quantum well structures are expressed as extremely simple functions that are accurate over a wide range of carrier densities. These expressions are used to study the effect of doping on the optical gain and the noise enhancement factor in a 100 \u00c5 InGaAs/InP quantum well structure. n-type doping is most effective in reducing the transparency excitation level (laser threshold) and the noise enhancement factor (amplifier noise figure), whereas p-type doping enables increased gain at a given excitation level.", "doi": "10.1063/1.99584", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1988-06-06", "series_number": "23", "volume": "52", "issue": "23", "pages": "1945-1947" }, { "id": "authors:bs89x-v4n49", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "bs89x-v4n49", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NEWapl88", "type": "article", "title": "Parasitic-free measurement of the fundamental frequency response of a semiconductor laser by active-layer photomixing", "author": [ { "family_name": "Newkirk", "given_name": "Michael A.", "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "We report the measurement of the fundamental (intrinsic) frequency response of a GaAs semiconductor laser to 12 GHz by directly photomixing two optical sources in the active region of the laser. This novel technique reveals the underlying fundamental frequency response of the device as parasitic effects are avoided. Well beyond the relaxation resonance, the theoretically predicted 40 dB/dec signal rolloff is observed. Other features of the measured response function are also observed to be the theoretical ideal.", "doi": "10.1063/1.99278", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1988-03-07", "series_number": "10", "volume": "52", "issue": "10", "pages": "770-772" }, { "id": "authors:mtrye-b5841", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mtrye-b5841", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHieeejqe88", "type": "article", "title": "Quantum box fabrication tolerance and size limits in semiconductors and their effect on optical gain", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Lower and upper limits on size are established for quantum boxes. The lower limit is shown to result from a critical size below which bound electronic states no longer exist. This critical size is different for electrons and holes. The optical gain of arrays of quantum boxes is computed taking into account the inhomogenous broadening of the gain spectrum resulting from fabricational variations in quantum box size and shape. The dependence of maximum possible gain on an rms quantum box roughness amplitude is determined. For high gain operation a medium composed of quantum boxes does not offer significant advantages over a conventional bulk semiconductor unless quantum box fabricational tolerances are tightly controlled. For low gain operation, however, arrays of quantum boxes may offer the unique advantage of optical transparency at zero excitation. This property does not require excellent fabricational control and may make possible ultralow threshold semiconductor lasers and low noise optical amplifiers.", "doi": "10.1109/3.157", "issn": "0018-9197", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1988-03-01", "series_number": "3", "volume": "24", "issue": "3", "pages": "523-530" }, { "id": "authors:89wmq-ew221", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "89wmq-ew221", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200320-080731945", "type": "article", "title": "Reduction of the field spectral linewidth in a quantum-box semiconductor laser and its experimental demonstration using a quantum well laser in a high magnetic field", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arakawa", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Arakawa-Y" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "We investigate properties of the field spectrum of semiconductor lasers with quantum well box effects. The analysis reveals a significant reduction of the spectrum linewidth due to the quantum well box effect. This prediction is successfully demonstrated experimentally by placing a quantum well laser in a high magnetic field, in which Lorentz force as well as the quantum well potential forms a quasi-zero-dimensional electronic system. Furthermore, changes in the spontaneous emission spectrum of TE mode and TM mode are observed with the increase of the magnetic field, which results from suppression of anisotropic properties of the quantum well structure.", "doi": "10.1051/jphyscol:1987558", "issn": "0449-1947", "publisher": "Les Ulis Cedex, France", "publication": "Journal de Physique Colloques", "publication_date": "1987-11", "series_number": "C5", "volume": "48", "issue": "C5", "pages": "271-274" }, { "id": "authors:rae87-s6h03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rae87-s6h03", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl87", "type": "article", "title": "Reduction of the field spectrum linewidth of a multiple quantum well laser in a high magnetic field\u2014spectral properties of quantum dot lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Arakawa", "given_name": "Yasuhiko", "clpid": "Arakawa-Y" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "The field spectrum linewidth of a multiple quantum well laser immersed in a high magnetic field is measured at room temperature and at 165 K. The low-temperature measurements show a decrease of linewidth with increasing magnetic field. We believe this behavior results from the formation of a totally discrete electronic state space. Measurements of the low-temperature luminescence spectrum show that the emission is split into two peaks by the high field with the higher energy peak responsible for lasing action.", "doi": "10.1063/1.98200", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1987-02-16", "series_number": "7", "volume": "50", "issue": "7", "pages": "365-367" }, { "id": "authors:67ngj-c4607", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "67ngj-c4607", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl86b", "type": "article", "title": "Narrow linewidth, single frequency semiconductor laser with a phase conjugate external cavity mirror", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Kyuma", "given_name": "Kazuo", "clpid": "Kyuma-K" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Kwong", "given_name": "Sze-Keung", "clpid": "Kwong-S-K" }, { "family_name": "Cronin-Golomb", "given_name": "Mark", "clpid": "Cronin-Golomb-M" }, { "family_name": "Lau", "given_name": "Kam Y.", "clpid": "Lau-K-Y" } ], "abstract": "We measure the spectral characteristics of an external cavity semiconductor laser which uses a phase conjugate mirror for its external reflection. This device has significant advantages over the conventional external cavity system owing to the self-aligning nature of the phase conjugate mirror. The fiber delay line self-heterodyne technique is used to measure the fundamental linewidth for single mode operation of this device. It shows the linewidth to be at least as narrow as the instrumental resolution of 100 kHz.", "doi": "10.1063/1.97280", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1986-12-08", "series_number": "23", "volume": "49", "issue": "23", "pages": "1563-1565" }, { "id": "authors:y99dh-n6546", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "y99dh-n6546", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl86a", "type": "article", "title": "Corrections to the rate equation approximation for dynamic considerations in a semiconductor laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "Corrections to the rate equation approximation are derived and applied to a semiconductor laser. Whereas these corrections do not affect the operating point of the device, they do alter the dynamic operation. To first order the correction produces a renormalization of familiar dynamic parameters. This renormalization, in turn, leads to a 20% correction to the field spectrum linewidth formula.", "doi": "10.1063/1.96954", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1986-05-19", "series_number": "20", "volume": "48", "issue": "20", "pages": "1340-1341" }, { "id": "authors:nav1c-kz553", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nav1c-kz553", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ARAapl86", "type": "article", "title": "Reduction of the spectral linewidth of semiconductor lasers with quantum wire effects\u2014Spectral properties of GaAlAs double heterostructure lasers in high magnetic fields", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arakawa", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Arakawa-Y" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Lau", "given_name": "K.", "clpid": "Lau-K-Y" } ], "abstract": "The spectral linewidth of a GaAlAs double heterostructure laser placed in a high magnetic field is measured at 190 K. It is found that the power-dependent spectral linewidth is reduced by a factor of 0.6 in a magnetic field of 19 T. This reduction is believed to result mainly from the reduction of the linewidth enhancement factor alpha due to a quasi-one-dimensional electronic system formed by the high magnetic field (i.e., by quantum wire effects).", "doi": "10.1063/1.96559", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1986-02-10", "series_number": "6", "volume": "48", "issue": "6", "pages": "384-386" }, { "id": "authors:vp2df-mcy58", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vp2df-mcy58", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ARAapl85", "type": "article", "title": "Enhanced modulation bandwidth of GaAlAs double heterostructure lasers in high magnetic fields: Dynamic response with quantum wire effects", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arakawa", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Arakawa-Y" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Lau", "given_name": "K.", "clpid": "Lau-K-Y" } ], "abstract": "The modulation bandwidth of GaAlAs double heterostructure (DH) lasers in high magnetic fields is measured. We found that the modulation bandwidth is enhanced by 1.4\u00d7 with a magnetic field of 20 T. This improvement is believed to result from the increase of the differential gain due to two-dimensional carrier confinement effects in the high magnetic field (quantum wire effects). A comparison of the experimental results with a theoretical analysis indicates that the intraband relaxation time tauin of the measured DH laser in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 ps.", "doi": "10.1063/1.96356", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1985-12-11", "series_number": "11", "volume": "47", "issue": "11", "pages": "1142-1144" }, { "id": "authors:1jke2-1zw44", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1jke2-1zw44", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHpra85", "type": "article", "title": "Application of an electronic wave-packet formalism to local-operator equations of motion for semiconductor lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "We develop a quantum mechanical formalism which facilitates the study of interactions locally in semiconductors. It is based on the operators \u03c8\u00b0(m,x\u2192,k\u2192,t) and \u03c8(m,x\u2192,k\u2192,t) which are defined so as to create and destroy electronic wave-packet states having well-defined position x\u2192 and crystal momentum \u0127k\u2192 in a given energy band m of a crystal. We apply the formalism to develop local-operator equations of motion for semiconductor lasers.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.32.345", "issn": "0556-2791", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "1985-07-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "32", "issue": "1", "pages": "345-356" }, { "id": "authors:08rxt-cfq80", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "08rxt-cfq80", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl85", "type": "article", "title": "Observation of modulation speed enhancement, frequency modulation suppression, and phase noise reduction by detuned loading in a coupled-cavity semiconductor laser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Paslaski", "given_name": "Joel", "clpid": "Paslaski-J-S" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "Simultaneous direct modulation response enhancement, phase noise (linewidth) reduction, and frequency modulation suppression are produced in a coupled-cavity semiconductor laser by the detuned loading mechanism.", "doi": "10.1063/1.95799", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1985-06-01", "series_number": "11", "volume": "46", "issue": "11", "pages": "1025-1027" }, { "id": "authors:x0jee-vjd85", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x0jee-vjd85", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:LANieeejqe85a", "type": "article", "title": "The effect of spatially dependent temperature and carrier fluctuations on noise in semiconductor lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lang", "given_name": "Robert J.", "clpid": "Lang-R-J" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "The spatially dependent equations of motion for a single-mode semiconductor laser including Langevin source terms are derived and solved. The relative intensity, frequency, and field fluctuation spectra are derived and calculated. The results include low-frequency excess noise, frequency noise enhancement due to two forms of amplitude-phase coupling, and power-independent contributions to the linewidth.", "issn": "0018-9197", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1985-05-01", "series_number": "5", "volume": "21", "issue": "5", "pages": "443-451" }, { "id": "authors:3ddqj-g6g16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3ddqj-g6g16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ARAapl84", "type": "article", "title": "Quantum noise and dynamics in quantum well and quantum wire lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arakawa", "given_name": "Yasuhiko", "clpid": "Arakawa-Y" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "We calculate the relaxation oscillation corner frequency fr and the linewidth enhancement factor alpha for both a quantum well and a quantum wire semiconductor laser. A comparison of the results to those of a conventional double heterostructure device indicates that fr can be enhanced by 2\u00d7 in the quantum well case and 3\u00d7 in the quantum wire case while alpha is reduced in both cases.", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1984-11-01", "series_number": "9", "volume": "45", "issue": "9", "pages": "950-952" }, { "id": "authors:hwm78-t6m61", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hwm78-t6m61", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl84", "type": "article", "title": "Detuned loading in coupled cavity semiconductor lasers \u2014 effect on quantum noise and dynamics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "We derive the modulation and noise properties of a semiconductor laser consisting of an active cavity loaded by a passive cavity. The results indicate that under certain conditions the direct modulation bandwidth can be doubled with simultaneous phase noise reduction as compared to a conventional laser.", "doi": "10.1063/1.95316", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1984-09-01", "series_number": "5", "volume": "45", "issue": "5", "pages": "501-503" }, { "id": "authors:f9cv4-btq07", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "f9cv4-btq07", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl83c", "type": "article", "title": "Occupation fluctuation noise: A fundamental source of linewidth broadening in semiconductor lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "In this letter we consider the effect of fast thermal fluctuations of electronic state occupancy on the field spectrum of semiconductor lasers and derive for the first time an expression for the resulting power independent linewidth contribution. The magnitude and temperature dependence of this linewidth component agree reasonably well with measurements of a power independent linewidth made by Welford and Mooradian.", "doi": "10.1063/1.94260", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1983-07-15", "series_number": "2", "volume": "43", "issue": "2", "pages": "140-142" }, { "id": "authors:nz2cy-r4104", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nz2cy-r4104", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:YARieeejqe83", "type": "article", "title": "On the high power limit of the laser linewidth", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "The quantum mechanical limit of the laser linewidth is shown to imply a residual constant linewidth rather than obey an inverse power dependence as is usually assumed.", "issn": "0018-9197", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1983-06-01", "series_number": "6", "volume": "19", "issue": "6", "pages": "889-890" }, { "id": "authors:30jpx-54b54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "30jpx-54b54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHieeejqe83a", "type": "article", "title": "Semiclassical Theory of Noise in Semiconductor Lasers-Part I", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "A Van der Pol analysis of laser noise which includes the field intensity dependence of the refractive index is presented. The consequent amplitude phase coupling affects all laser spectra except the power fluctuations spectrum. An analytic expression for the linewidth broadening enhancement due to index variation is given.", "issn": "0018-9197", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1983-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "19", "issue": "6", "pages": "1096-1101" }, { "id": "authors:1fty9-myv16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1fty9-myv16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHieeejqe83b", "type": "article", "title": "Semiclassical Theory of Noise in Semiconductor Lasers-Part lI", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "A model of semiconductor laser noise is presented which includes the carrier density as a dynamical variable and the carrier density dependence of the refractive index. The Van der Pol laser noise model is shown to he a special case of this treatment. Expressions are calculated for all laser spectra and compared with their Van der Pol counterparts. The power fluctuations spectrum and the frequency fluctuations spectrum exhibit a resonance corresponding to the relaxation resonance and the field spectrum contains fine structure, similar to sidebands which result from harmonic frequency modulation of a carrier signal. The role of carrier noise in determining the field spectrum linewidth is also considered.", "issn": "0018-9197", "publisher": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication": "IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics", "publication_date": "1983-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "19", "issue": "6", "pages": "1102-1109" }, { "id": "authors:xaecw-s2e71", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xaecw-s2e71", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl83b", "type": "article", "title": "On the linewidth enhancement factor alpha in semiconductor injection lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Chiu", "given_name": "L. C.", "clpid": "Chiu-L-C" }, { "family_name": "Margalit", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Margalit-S" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "A simple model for the linewidth enhancement factor alpha and its frequency dependence in semiconductor lasers is presented. Calculations based on this model are in reasonable agreement with experimental results.", "doi": "10.1063/1.94054", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1983-04-15", "series_number": "8", "volume": "42", "issue": "8", "pages": "631-633" }, { "id": "authors:2qga9-1as02", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2qga9-1as02", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HARapl83", "type": "article", "title": "Measurement of the linewidth enhancement factor alpha of semiconductor lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Harder", "given_name": "Christoph", "clpid": "Harder-Ch" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "Amnon", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "A theory of the amplitude and phase modulation characteristic of a single mode semiconductor laser is presented. In this model the amplitude modulation couples through the complex susceptibility of the gain medium to the phase. We show that this coupling constant can be obtained by a high-frequency modulation experiment. This measured coupling constant is used to infer the linewidth enhancement factor as discussed by Henry, and Vahala and Yariv. Experiments confirmed the model and we measured a linewidth enhancement factor |alpha|=4.6\u00b11.0 for a GaAlAs buried optical guide laser.", "doi": "10.1063/1.93921", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1983-02-15", "series_number": "4", "volume": "42", "issue": "4", "pages": "328-330" }, { "id": "authors:46vx5-27t24", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "46vx5-27t24", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHapl83a", "type": "article", "title": "Observation of relaxation resonance effects in the field spectrum of semiconductor lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "K.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Harder", "given_name": "Ch.", "clpid": "Harder-Ch" }, { "family_name": "Yariv", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Yariv-A" } ], "abstract": "Subsidiary maxima are observed in the field spectra of single mode semiconductor lasers. Measurements of their power dependence show they are linked to the relaxation resonance. We attribute these maxima to combined phase and amplitude fluctuations at the relaxation resonance. A theoretical calculation of the field spectrum using the results of a noise analysis incorporating carrier dynamics agrees very well with observations.", "doi": "10.1063/1.93894", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "1983-02-01", "series_number": "3", "volume": "42", "issue": "3", "pages": "211-213" } ]