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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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],
"abstract": "Our understanding of cosmic star formation at z\u2004>\u20043 used to largely rely on rest-frame UV observations. However, these observations overlook dusty and massive sources, resulting in an incomplete census of early star-forming galaxies. Recent infrared data from Spitzer and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed a hidden population at z\u2004∼\u20043\u2005−\u20056 with extreme red colours. Taking advantage of the overlap between imaging of the Euclid Deep Fields (EDFs), covering about 60 deg2, and ancillary Spitzer observations, we identified 27 000 extremely red objects with HE − IRAC2 > 2.25 (dubbed HIEROs) down to a 10σ completeness magnitude limit of IRAC2\u2004=\u200422.5 AB. After a visual investigation to discard artefacts and any objects with troubling photometry, we were left with a final sample of 3900 candidates. We retrieved the physical parameter estimates for these objects from the spectral energy distribution-fitting tool CIGALE. Our results confirm that HIERO galaxies can populate the high-mass end of the stellar mass function at z\u2004>\u20043, with some sources reaching extreme stellar masses (M*\u2004>\u20041011\u2006M\u2299) and exhibiting high dust attenuation values (AV\u2004>\u20043). However, we consider the stellar mass estimates unreliable for sources at z\u2004>\u20043.5. For this reason, we favour a more conservative lower-z solution. The challenges faced by spectral energy distribution-fitting tools in accurately characterising these objects underscore the need for further studies that incorporate both observations at shorter wavelengths and spectroscopic data. Euclid spectra will help resolve degeneracies and better constrain the physical properties of the brightest galaxies. Given the extreme nature of this population, characterising these sources is crucial for building a comprehensive picture of galaxy evolution and stellar mass assembly across most of the history of the Universe. This work demonstrates Euclid’s potential to provide statistical samples of rare objects, such as massive, dust-obscured galaxies at z\u2004>\u20043, which will be prime targets for JWST and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554615",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A22"
},
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"abstract": "The first Euclid Quick Data Release, Q1, comprises 63.1 deg 2 of the Euclid Deep Fields (EDFs) to the nominal wide-survey depth. It encompasses visible and near-infrared space-based imaging and spectroscopic data, ground-based photometry in the u , g , r , i , and z bands, as well as corresponding masks. Overall, Q1 contains about 30 million objects in three areas near the ecliptic poles around EDF-North and EDF-South, as well as the EDF-Fornax field in the constellation of the same name. The purpose of this data release – and its associated technical papers – is twofold. First, it is meant to inform the community of the enormous potential of the Euclid survey data, to describe what is contained in these data, and to help prepare expectations for the forthcoming first major data release DR1. Second, it enables a wide range of initial scientific projects with wide-survey Euclid data, ranging from the early Universe to the Solar System. The Q1 data were processed with early versions of the processing pipelines, which already demonstrate a good performance, with numerous improvements in implementation compared to pre-launch development. In this paper, we describe the sky areas released in Q1, the observations, a top-level view of the data processing of Euclid and associated external data, the Q1 photometric masks, and how to access the data. We also give an overview of initial scientific results obtained using the Q1 dataset by Euclid Consortium scientists, and conclude with important caveats when using the data. As a complementary product, Q1 also contains observations of a star-forming area in Lynd's Dark Nebula 1641 in the Orion A Cloud, observed for technical purposes during Euclid 's performance-verification phase. This is a unique target, of a type not commonly found in Euclid 's nominal sky survey.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554610",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A1"
},
{
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"collection": "authors",
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"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bdxfw-mrt12",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). XIV. A first view of the star-forming main sequence in the Euclid Deep Fields",
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "The star-forming main sequence (SFMS) is a tight relation observed between stellar masses and star formation rates (SFR) in a population of galaxies. This relation is observed at different redshifts, in various morphological, and environmental domains, and is key to understanding the underlying relations between a galaxy budget of cold gas and its stellar content. Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (Q1) gives us the opportunity to investigate this fundamental relation in galaxy formation and evolution. We complement the Euclid release with public IRAC observations of the Euclid Deep Fields, improving the quality of recovered photometric redshifts, stellar masses, and SFRs, as is shown both with simulations and a comparison with available spectroscopic redshifts. From Q1 data alone, we recover more than ∼30 k galaxies with log10(M*/M\u2299) > 11, giving a precise constraint of the SFMS at the high-mass end. We investigated the SFMS, in a redshift interval between 0.2 and 3.0, comparing our results with the existing literature and fitting them with a parameterisation taking into account the presence of a bending of the relation at the high-mass end, depending on the bending mass, M0. We find good agreement with previous results in terms of M0 values, and an increasing trend for the relation scatter at higher stellar masses. We also investigate the distribution of physical (e.g. dust absorption, AV, and formation age) and morphological properties (e.g., Sérsic index and radius) in the SFR–stellar mass plane, and their relation with the SFMS. These results highlight the potential of Euclid in studying the fundamental scaling relations that regulate galaxy formation and evolution in anticipation of the forthcoming Data Release 1.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554576",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A14"
},
{
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{
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{
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"given_name": "A.",
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{
"family_name": "Tucci",
"given_name": "M."
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{
"family_name": "Valieri",
"given_name": "C."
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{
"family_name": "Venhola",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6071-4564"
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{
"family_name": "Vergani",
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{
"family_name": "Verza",
"given_name": "G.",
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{
"family_name": "Vielzeuf",
"given_name": "P.",
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{
"family_name": "Walton",
"given_name": "N. A.",
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{
"family_name": "Scott",
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"orcid": "0000-0002-6878-9840"
},
{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "The evolution of the rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity function (UV LF) is a powerful probe of early star formation and galaxy stellar mass build-up. At z\u2004>\u20046, its bright end (MUV\u2004<\u2004−21) remains poorly constrained due to small survey volumes of existing near-infrared (NIR) space-based imaging surveys. The Euclid Deep Fields (EDFs) will cover 53 deg2 with NIR coverage down to a magnitude of 26.5 AB, providing a factor of 100 increase in area compared to previous space-based surveys. They thus offer an unprecedented opportunity to select bright z\u2004>\u20046 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) and definitively constrain the bright end of the UV LF. With its NIR coverage extending to ∼2\u2006μm, Euclid has the power to detect galaxies out to z\u2004∼\u200413. Here, we present a forecast for the number densities of z\u2004>\u20046 galaxies that Euclid is expected to observe in the final EDF dataset. Using synthetic photometry from spectral energy distribution (SED) templates of z\u2004=\u20045–15 galaxies, z\u2004=\u20041–4 interlopers, and Milky Way M-, L-, and T-type dwarfs, we investigate optimal selection methodologies for high-z LBGs in the EDF datasets. We find that a combination of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) cuts with SED fitting (over optical to MIR bands) yields the highest fidelity sample, recovering more than 76% of the input synthetic z\u2004>\u20046 LBGs, while limiting low-z contamination to less than 10%. This contamination does not include effects from instrumental artefacts, which will impact the first Euclid data releases. Auxiliary data prove critical: optical coverage from the Hyper Suprime Camera and Vera C. Rubin Observatory will distinguish genuine Lyman breaks from contaminant features, while Spitzer Space Telescope/IRAC data are vital for recovering z\u2004>\u200410 sources. Based on empirical double power-law LF models, we expect more than 100\u2006000 LBGs at z\u2004=\u20046–12 and more than 100 sources as far back as z\u2004>\u200412 in the final Euclid data release. In contrast, the steeper Schechter LF models predict no detections of z\u2004>\u200412 LBGs. In this work, we also present two ultra-luminous (MUV\u2004<\u2004−23.5) candidates selected from the Q1 EDF-N dataset (Euclid Quick Data Release). If their redshifts are reliable, their magnitudes suggest a DPL UV LF model at z\u2004>\u20049. This highlights the power of Euclid in constraining the bright end of the UV LF in the early Universe and in identifying the most luminous sources that are valuable for further follow-up observations.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202557785",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A25"
},
{
"id": "authors:4ewhf-58k15",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "4ewhf-58k15",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4ewhf-58k15",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). XIX. First study of red quasars selection",
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"given_name": "F."
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Fu",
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Venhola",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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],
"abstract": "Red quasars constitute an important but elusive phase in the evolution of supermassive black holes, where dust obscuration can significantly alter their observed properties. They have broad emission lines, like other quasars, but their optical continuum emission is significantly reddened, which is why they were traditionally identified based on near- and mid-infrared selection criteria. This work showcases the capability of the Euclid space telescope to find a large sample of red quasars, using Euclid near infrared (NIR) photometry. We first conduct a forecast analysis, comparing a synthetic catalogue of red quasars with COSMOS2020. Using template fitting, we reconstruct Euclid -like photometry for the COSMOS sources and identify a sample of candidates in a multi-dimensional colour-colour space achieving 98% completeness for mock red quasars with 30% contaminants. To refine our selection function, we implement a probabilistic Random Forest classifier, and use UMAP visualisation to disentangle non-linear features in colour-space, reaching 98% completeness and 88% purity. A preliminary analysis of the candidates in the Euclid Deep Field Fornax (EDF-F) shows that, compared to VISTA+DECam-based colour selection criteria, Euclid 's superior depth, resolution, and optical-to-NIR coverage improves the identification of the reddest, most obscured sources. Notably, the Euclid exquisite resolution in the I E filter unveils the presence of a candidate dual quasar system, highlighting the potential for this mission to contribute to future studies on the population of dual AGN. The resulting catalogue of candidates, including more the 150 000 sources, provides a first census of red quasars in Euclid Q1 and sets the groundwork for future studies in the Euclid Wide Survey (EWS), including spectral follow-up analyses and host morphology characterisation.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554591",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A19"
},
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"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). IV. From images to multi-wavelength catalogues: The Euclid MERge processing function",
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"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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],
"abstract": "The Euclid satellite is an ESA mission that was launched in July 2023. Euclid is working in its regular observing mode with the target of observing an area of 14\u2006000\u2006deg2 with two instruments, the Visible Camera (VIS) and the Near IR Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) down to IE\u2004=\u200424.5\u2006mag (10\u2006σ) in the Euclid Wide Survey. Ground-based imaging data in the ugriz bands complement the Euclid data to enable photo-z determination and VIS PSF modelling for weak lensing analysis. Euclid investigates the distance-redshift relation and the evolution of cosmic structures by measuring the shapes and redshifts of galaxies and clusters of galaxies out to z\u2004∼\u20042. Generating the multi-wavelength catalogues from Euclid and ground-based data is an essential part of the Euclid data processing system. In the framework of the Euclid Science Ground Segment (SGS), the aim of the MERge Processing Function (MER PF) pipeline is to detect objects in the Euclid imaging data, measure their properties, and merge them into a single multi-wavelength catalogue. The MER PF pipeline performs source detection on both visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) images and offers four different photometric measurements: Kron total flux, aperture photometry on PSF-matched images, template fitting photometry, and Sérsic fitting photometry. Furthermore, the MER PF pipeline measures a set of ancillary quantities, spanning from morphology to quality flags, to better characterise all detected sources. In this paper, we show how the MER PF pipeline is designed, detailing its main steps, and we show that the pipeline products meet the tight requirements that Euclid aims to achieve on photometric accuracy. We also present the other measurements (e.g., morphology) that are included in the OU-MER output catalogues and we list all output products coming out of the MER PF pipeline.
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"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554586",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A4"
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"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). XXXIII. The first catalogue of strong-lensing galaxy clusters",
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"abstract": "We present the first catalogue of strong-lensing galaxy clusters identified in the Euclid Quick Release 1 observations (covering 63.1\u2006deg2). This catalogue is the result of the visual inspection of 1260 Euclid image cutouts of previously identified galaxy clusters. Each galaxy cluster was assigned a lensing score, \ud835\udcablens, derived from the aggregated votes of multiple visual inspectors, the majority of whom possess extensive expertise in strong gravitational lensing. Votes were assigned based on the assessed credibility and plausibility of the identified strong-lensing features. Specifically, we identified 83 gravitational lenses with \ud835\udcablens\u2004>\u20040.5, of which 14 have \ud835\udcablens\u2004=\u20041 and clearly exhibit secure strong-lensing features, such as giant tangential and radial arcs, and multiple images. Considering the measured number density of lensing galaxy clusters, approximately 0.3\u2006deg−2 for \ud835\udcablens\u2004>\u20040.9, we predict that Euclid will likely observe more than 4500 strong-lensing clusters over the course of the mission. Notably, only three of the identified cluster-scale lenses had previously been observed from space. Thus, Euclid has provided the first high-resolution imaging for the remaining 80 strong-lensing galaxy cluster candidates, including those with the highest scores. The identified strong-lensing features will be used to train deep-learning models to automatically identify gravitational arcs and multiple images in the Euclid observations. This study confirms the great potential of Euclid for finding new strong-lensing clusters, enabling exciting new discoveries on the nature of dark matter and dark energy and the study of the high-redshift Universe.
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"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554577",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A33"
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"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). XXXV. The role of cosmic connectivity in shaping galaxy clusters",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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],
"abstract": "The matter around galaxy clusters is distributed over several filaments, reflecting their positions as nodes in the large-scale cosmic web. The number of filaments connected to a cluster, i.e. its connectivity, is expected to affect the physical properties of clusters. Using the first Euclid galaxy catalogue from the Euclid Quick Release 1 (Q1), we investigated the connectivity of galaxy clusters and how it correlates with their physical and galaxy member properties. Around 220 clusters located within the three fields of Q1 (covering ∼63 deg2) were analysed in the redshift range 0.2\u2006\u2004<\u2004\u2006z\u2006\u2004<\u2004\u20060.7. Due to the photometric redshift uncertainty, we reconstructed the cosmic web skeleton, and measured the cluster connectivity, in 2D projected slices with a thickness of 170 comoving h−1 Mpc and centred on each cluster redshift, by using two different filament finder algorithms on the most massive galaxies (M\u2605\u2004>\u20041010.3\u2006M\u2299). In agreement with previous measurements, we recovered the mass-connectivity relation independently of the filament detection algorithm, showing that the most massive clusters are, on average, connected to a larger number of cosmic filaments, consistent with hierarchical structure formation models. Furthermore, we explored the possible correlations between connectivities and two cluster properties: the fraction of early-type galaxies and the Sérsic index of galaxy members. Our result suggests that the clusters populated by early-type galaxies exhibit higher connectivity compared to clusters dominated by late-type galaxies. These preliminary investigations highlight our ability to quantify the impact of the cosmic web’s connectivity on cluster properties with Euclid.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554655",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A35"
},
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"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). X. A census of dwarf galaxies across a range of distances and environments",
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"family_name": "Sellentin",
"given_name": "E."
},
{
"family_name": "Tanidis",
"given_name": "K.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9843-5130"
},
{
"family_name": "Tao",
"given_name": "C.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7961-8177"
},
{
"family_name": "Testera",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Teyssier",
"given_name": "R.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7689-0933"
},
{
"family_name": "Tosi",
"given_name": "S.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7275-9193"
},
{
"family_name": "Troja",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0239-4595"
},
{
"family_name": "Tucci",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Venhola",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6071-4564"
},
{
"family_name": "Vergani",
"given_name": "D.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0898-2216"
},
{
"family_name": "Verza",
"given_name": "G.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1886-8348"
},
{
"family_name": "Scott",
"given_name": "D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6878-9840"
},
{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "The Euclid Q1 fields were selected for calibration purposes in cosmology and are therefore relatively devoid of nearby galaxies. However, this is precisely what makes them interesting fields in which to search for dwarf galaxies in local density environments. We took advantage of the unprecedented depth, spatial resolution, and field of view of the Euclid Quick Release (Q1) to build a census of dwarf galaxies in these regions. We have identified dwarf galaxies in a representative sample of 25 contiguous tiles in the Euclid Deep Field North (EDF-N) covering an area of 14.25 deg2. The dwarf galaxy candidates were identified using a semi-automatic detection method based on properties measured by the Euclid pipeline and released as part of the catalogue produced by the MERge Processing Function (MER PF) pipeline. A selection cut in surface brightness and magnitude was used to produce an initial dwarf candidate catalogue, and this was followed by a cut in morphology (removing background spirals) and IE\u2005−\u2005HE colour (removing red ellipticals). This catalogue was then visually classified to produce a final sample of dwarf candidates, including their morphology, number of nuclei, globular cluster (GC) richness, and presence of a blue compact centre. We identified 2674 dwarf candidates, corresponding to 188 dwarfs per square degree. The visual classification of the dwarfs reveals a slightly uneven morphological mix of 58% ellipticals and 42% irregulars, with very few potentially GC-rich (1.0%) and nucleated (4.0%) candidates but a noticeable fraction (6.9%) of dwarfs with blue compact centres. The distance distribution of 388 (15%) of the dwarf candidates with spectroscopic redshifts peaks at about 400 Mpc. Their stellar mass distribution confirms that our selection effectively identifies dwarfs while minimising contamination. The most prominent dwarf overdensities are dominated by dwarf ellipticals, while dwarf irregulars are more evenly distributed across the field of view. This work highlights Euclid’s remarkable ability to detect and characterise dwarf galaxies across diverse masses, distances, and environments.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554547",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A10"
},
{
"id": "authors:frrvd-43648",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "frrvd-43648",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/frrvd-43648",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). V. Photometric redshifts and physical properties of galaxies through the PHZ processing function",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"family_name": "Garc\u00eda-Bellido",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"given_name": "G.",
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{
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{
"family_name": "Navarro-Alsina",
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{
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"given_name": "S."
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{
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"given_name": "M."
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{
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{
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"given_name": "K."
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{
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"given_name": "L."
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"given_name": "M.",
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{
"family_name": "Sanders",
"given_name": "D. B."
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{
"family_name": "Sarpa",
"given_name": "E."
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{
"family_name": "Scarlata",
"given_name": "C."
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{
"family_name": "Schaye",
"given_name": "J."
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{
"family_name": "Schneider",
"given_name": "A."
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{
"family_name": "Sciotti",
"given_name": "D."
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{
"family_name": "Sellentin",
"given_name": "E."
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{
"family_name": "Smith",
"given_name": "L. C."
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{
"family_name": "Tanidis",
"given_name": "K."
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{
"family_name": "Testera",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Teyssier",
"given_name": "R.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7689-0933"
},
{
"family_name": "Tosi",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Troja",
"given_name": "A."
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{
"family_name": "Valieri",
"given_name": "C."
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{
"family_name": "Venhola",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Vergani",
"given_name": "D."
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{
"family_name": "Verza",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Vielzeuf",
"given_name": "P."
},
{
"family_name": "Walton",
"given_name": "N. A.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3983-8778"
},
{
"family_name": "Weaver",
"given_name": "J. R."
},
{
"family_name": "Sorce",
"given_name": "J. G."
},
{
"family_name": "Soubrie",
"given_name": "E."
},
{
"family_name": "Scott",
"given_name": "D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6878-9840"
},
{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "The ESA\n Euclid\n mission will measure the photometric redshifts of billions of galaxies to provide an accurate 3D view of the Universe at optical and near-infrared wavelengths. Photometric redshifts are determined by the PHotometric redshift (PHZ) processing function on the basis of the multi-wavelength photometry of\n Euclid\n and ground-based observations. In this paper, we describe in detail the so-called PHZ processing used for the first 'quick' (Q1)\n Euclid\n data release, along with the output products and their validation with respect to the\n Euclid\n requirements. The PHZ pipeline is responsible for the following main tasks: i) source classification into star, galaxy, and quasar (or QSO) classes based on photometric colours; ii) determination of photometric redshifts for the core science; and iii) determination of physical properties of galaxies for non-cosmological science. The classification is able to provide a star sample with a high level of purity, a highly complete galaxy sample, and reliable probabilities of belonging to those classes. The identification of QSOs is instead more problematic: photometric information available in the Euclid Wide Survey alone seems to be insufficient to accurately separate QSOs from galaxies. The performance of the pipeline in the determination of photometric redshifts has been tested using the COSMOS2020 catalogue and a large sample of spectroscopic redshifts. The results in both cases are in line with expectations: the precision of the estimates are compatible with\n Euclid\n requirements; however, as expected, a bias correction is needed to achieve the accuracy level required for the cosmological probes. Finally, the pipeline provides reliable estimates of the physical properties of galaxies, in good agreement with findings from the COSMOS2020 catalogue \u2013 apart from an unrealistically large fraction of very young galaxies with very high specific star-formation rates. However, the application of appropriate priors is sufficient to obtain reliable physical properties for those problematic objects. We present several areas for improvement for future\n Euclid\n data releases.",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554588",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A5"
},
{
"id": "authors:wms4a-vkt77",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "wms4a-vkt77",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wms4a-vkt77",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). II. VIS processing and data products",
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{
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"given_name": "C.",
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{
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"given_name": "T."
},
{
"family_name": "Grenet",
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},
{
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{
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"abstract": "This paper describes the VIS processing function (VIS PF) of the Euclid ground segment pipeline, which processes and calibrates raw data from the VIS camera. We present the algorithms used in each processing element along with a description of the on-orbit performance of VIS PF based on performance verification and Q1 datasets. We demonstrate that the principal performance metrics (image quality, astrometric accuracy, photometric calibration) are within pre-launch specifications. The image-to-image photometric scatter is less than 0.8% and absolute astrometric accuracy compared to Gaia is 5 mas. Image quality is stable over all Q1 images, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.″16. The stacked images (combining four nominal and two short exposures) reach IE\u2004=\u200425.6 (10σ, measured as the variance of 1.″3 diameter apertures). We also describe quality control metrics provided with each image, and an appendix provides a detailed description of the provided data products. The excellent quality of these images demonstrates the immense potential of Euclid VIS data for weak lensing. VIS data covering most of the extragalactic sky will provide a lasting high-resolution atlas of the Universe.
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"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
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"family_name": "Navarro-Alsina",
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{
"family_name": "Patrizii",
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{
"family_name": "Pisani",
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{
"family_name": "Potter",
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{
"family_name": "Radovich",
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Sahl\u00e9n",
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Smith",
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{
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"given_name": "J. G.",
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{
"family_name": "Testera",
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{
"family_name": "Teyssier",
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"family_name": "Tosi",
"given_name": "S.",
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{
"family_name": "Troja",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0239-4595"
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{
"family_name": "Tucci",
"given_name": "M."
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{
"family_name": "Valieri",
"given_name": "C."
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{
"family_name": "Venhola",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6071-4564"
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{
"family_name": "Vergani",
"given_name": "D.",
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{
"family_name": "Verza",
"given_name": "G.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1886-8348"
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{
"family_name": "Vielzeuf",
"given_name": "P.",
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{
"family_name": "Walton",
"given_name": "N. A.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3983-8778"
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "The first Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) contains millions of galaxies with excellent optical and near-infrared (IR) coverage. To complement this dataset, we investigate the average far-IR properties of Euclid-selected main sequence (MS) galaxies using existing Herschel and SCUBA-2 data. We used 17.6 deg2 (2.4 deg2) of overlapping Herschel (SCUBA-2) data, containing 2.6 million (240 000) MS galaxies. We binned the Euclid catalogue by stellar mass and photometric redshift and performed a stacking analysis following SimStack, which accounts for galaxy clustering and bin-to-bin correlations. We detected stacked far-IR flux densities across a significant fraction of the bins. We fitted modified blackbody spectral energy distributions in each bin and derived mean dust temperatures (Td), dust masses (Md), and star-formation rates (SFRs). We find similar mean SFRs compared to the Euclid catalogue, and we show that the average dust-to-stellar mass ratios decreased from z\u2006\u2004\u2243\u2004\u20061 to the present day. Average dust temperatures are largely independent of stellar mass and are well-described by the function T2\u2006\u2005+\u2005\u2006(T1\u2006\u2005−\u2005\u2006T2)\u2006e−t/τ, where t is the age of the Universe, T1\u2006\u2004=\u2004\u2006(79.7\u2005±\u20057.4) K, T2\u2006\u2004=\u2004\u2006(23.2\u2005±\u20050.1)\u2006K, and τ\u2006\u2004=\u2004\u2006(1.6\u2005±\u20050.1)\u2006Gyr. We argue that since the dust temperatures converge to a non-zero value below z\u2006\u2004=\u2004\u20061, the dust is now primarily heated by the existing cooler and older stellar population, as opposed to hot young stars in star-forming regions at higher redshifts. We show that since the dust temperatures are independent of stellar mass, the correlation between dust temperature and SFR depends on stellar mass. Lastly, we estimate the contribution of the Euclid catalogue to the cosmic IR background (CIB), finding that it accounts for > 60% of the CIB at 250, 350, and 500 μm. As the Euclid mission progresses, larger catalogues will allow us to probe the far-IR properties of MS galaxies out to higher redshifts and lower stellar masses, potentially recovering the complete CIB.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202557514",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A23"
},
{
"id": "authors:j59zy-1h004",
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"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/j59zy-1h004",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). III. NIR processing and data products",
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"abstract": "This paper describes the near-infrared processing function (NIR PF) that processes NIR images from the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) instrument on board the Euclid satellite. NIR PF consists of three main components: (i) a common pre-processing stage for both photometric (NIR) and spectroscopic (SIR) data to remove instrumental effects; (ii) astrometric and photometric calibration of NIR data, along with catalogue extraction; and (iii) resampling and stacking. The necessary calibration products are generated using dedicated pipelines that process observations from both the early performance verification (PV) phase in 2023 and the nominal survey operations. After outlining the pipeline\u015b structure and algorithms, we describe its application to Euclid Q1 images. For Q1, we achieved an astrometric accuracy of 5–8 mas, a relative photometric accuracy of 5 mmag, along with an absolute flux calibration limited by the 1% uncertainty of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) CALSPEC database. We characterised the point spread function (PSF), which we found to be very stable across the focal plane. Finally, we discuss current limitations of NIR PF that will be improved upon for future data releases.
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"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554657",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A3"
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"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). VIII. Exploring galaxy morphology across cosmic time through S\u00e9rsic fits",
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"family_name": "Tosi",
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"family_name": "Troja",
"given_name": "A.",
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"family_name": "Tucci",
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"family_name": "Valieri",
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"given_name": "A.",
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{
"family_name": "Vergani",
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{
"family_name": "Walton",
"given_name": "N. A.",
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{
"family_name": "Sorce",
"given_name": "J. G.",
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{
"family_name": "Soubrie",
"given_name": "E.",
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{
"family_name": "Scott",
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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"abstract": "We present the results of the single-component Sérsic profile fitting for the magnitude-limited sample of IE < 23 galaxies within the 63.1 deg2 area of the Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). The associated morphological catalogue includes two sets of structural parameters fitted using SourceXtractor++: one for VIS IE images and one for a combination of three NISP images in YE, JE, and HE bands. We compared the resulting Sérsic parameters to other morphological measurements provided in the Q1 data release and to the equivalent parameters based on higher-resolution Hubble Space Telescope imaging. These comparisons confirmed the consistency and the reliability of the fits to Q1 data. Our analysis of colour gradients shows that NISP profiles systematically have smaller effective radii (Re) and larger Sérsic indices (n) than in VIS. In addition, we highlight trends in NISP-to-VIS parameter ratios with both magnitude and nVIS. From the 2D bimodality of the (u\u2005−\u2005r) colour-log(n) plane, we defined a (u\u2005−\u2005r)lim(n) that separates early- and late-type galaxies (ETGs and LTGs). We used the two sub-populations to examine the variations of n across well-known scaling relations at z\u2004<\u20041. The ETGs display a steeper size–stellar mass relation than the LTGs, indicating a difference in the main drivers of their mass assembly. Similarly, LTGs and ETGs occupy different parts of the stellar mass–star-formation rate plane, with ETGs at higher masses than LTGs and further below the main sequence of star-forming galaxies. This clear separation highlights the link known between the shutdown of star formation and morphological transformations in the Euclid imaging data set. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates both the robustness of the Sérsic fits available in the Q1 morphological catalogue and the wealth of information they provide for studies of galaxy evolution with Euclid.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554585",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A8"
},
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"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). VI. From spectrograms to spectra: The SIR spectroscopic processing function",
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"family_name": "Walton",
"given_name": "N. A.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3983-8778"
},
{
"family_name": "Bella",
"given_name": "M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6406-4789"
},
{
"family_name": "Scott",
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"orcid": "0000-0002-6878-9840"
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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],
"abstract": "The Euclid space mission aims to investigate the nature of dark energy and dark matter by mapping the large-scale structure of the Universe. A key component of Euclid 's observational strategy is slitless spectroscopy, which is conducted using the Near Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP). This technique enables the acquisition of large-scale spectroscopic data without the need for targeted apertures, thus allowing for precise redshift measurements of millions of galaxies. These data are essential for Euclid 's core science objectives, including the study of cosmic acceleration and the evolution of galaxy clustering, and will enable many non-cosmological investigations. This study presents the SIR processing function, which is responsible for processing slitless spectroscopic data from Euclid 's NISP instrument. The objective is to generate fully calibrated science-grade one-dimensional spectra in order to ensure high-quality spectroscopic data for cosmological or astrophysical analyses. The processing function relies on a source catalogue generated from photometric data, effectively corrects detector effects, subtracts cross-contaminations, minimises self-contamination, calibrates wavelength and flux, and produces reliable spectra for later scientific use. The first Quick Data Release (Q1) of Euclid 's spectroscopic data provides approximately three million validated spectra for sources observed in the red-grism mode from a selected portion of the Euclid Wide Survey. We find that the wavelength accuracy and measured resolving power are within top-level mission requirements, thanks to the excellent optical quality of the instrument. The SIR processing function represents a significant step in processing slitless spectroscopic data for the Euclid mission. As the survey progresses, continued refinements and additional features will enhance its capabilities, thus further supporting high-precision cosmological and astrophysical measurements.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554627",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A6"
},
{
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"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). VII. Characteristics and limitations of the spectroscopic measurements",
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "The spectroscopy processing function (SPE PF) of the Euclid pipeline is dedicated to the automatic analysis of 1D spectra to determine redshifts, line fluxes, and spectral classifications. The first Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) delivers these measurements for all HE\u2004<\u200422.5 objects identified in the photometric survey. In this paper, we present an overview of the SPE PF algorithm and assess its performance by comparing its results with high-quality spectroscopic redshifts from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey in the Euclid Deep Field North. Our findings highlight remarkable accuracy in successful redshift measurements, with a bias of less than 3\u2005×\u200510−5 in (zSPE\u2005−\u2005zDESI)/(1\u2005+\u2005zDESI) and a high precision of approximately 10−3. The majority of spectra have only a single spectral feature or none at all. To avoid spurious detections, whereby noise features are misinterpreted as lines or lines are misidentified, it is therefore essential to apply well-defined criteria on quantities such as the redshift probability, or the Hα flux, and signal-to-noise ratio. Using a well-tuned quality selection, we achieve an 89% redshift success rate in the target redshift range for cosmology (0.9\u2004<\u2004z\u2004<\u20041.8), which is well covered by DESI for z\u2004<\u20041.6. Outside this range in which the Hα line is observable, redshift measurements are less reliable, except for sources showing specific spectral features (e.g. two bright lines or strong continuum). The classification based on spectroscopy alone is effective for galaxies (about 80% success rate), while it is less efficient for stars and quasars (< 60%). Ongoing refinements along the entire chain of PFs are expected to enhance both redshift measurements and spectral classification, allowing us to define the large and reliable sample required for cosmological analyses. Taking into account the planned evolution of the spectroscopic pipeline, partially based on the limitations identified in this paper, these results are encouraging for Euclid’s future galaxy clustering measurements, even though the requirements are not yet fulfilled.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554607",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A7"
},
{
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"collection_id": "9kxmd-11r58",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9kxmd-11r58",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). XXIV. Extending the quest for little red dots to z < 4",
"author": [
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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],
"abstract": "Recent observations with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed an interesting population of sources with a compact morphology and a characteristic v-shaped continuum, namely blue at a rest frame λ < 4000 Å and red at longer wavelengths. The nature of these sources, which are called little red dots (LRDs), is still highly debated because it is unclear whether they host active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their number seems to drop drastically at z\u2004<\u20044. We took advantage of the 63\u2006deg2 covered by the Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) to extend the search for LRDs to brighter magnitudes and lower redshifts than what was possible with JWST. This is fundamental for a broader view of the evolution of this peculiar galaxy population. The selection was performed by fitting the available photometric data (Euclid, the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), and ground-based griz data) with two power laws to retrieve the rest-frame optical and UV slopes consistently over a wide redshift range (i.e. z\u2004<\u20047.6). We then excluded extended objects and possible line emitters and inspected the data visually to remove any imaging artefacts. The final selection included 3341 LRD candidates from z\u2004=\u20040.33 to z\u2004=\u20043.6, 29 of which were also detected in IRAC. The resulting rest-frame UV luminosity function, in contrast with previous JWST studies, shows that the number density of LRD candidates increases from high redshift to z\u2004=\u20041.5–2.5 and decreases at even lower redshifts. The subsample of more robust LRD candidates that are also detected with IRAC show a weaker evolution, however, which is affected by low statistics and limited by the IRAC resolution. The comparison with previous quasar UV luminosity functions shows that LRDs are not the dominant AGN population at z\u2004<\u20044 and MUV\u2004<\u2004−21. Follow-up studies of these LRD candidates are pivotal to confirm their nature, probe their physical properties, and determine whether they are compatible with JWST sources because the different spatial resolution and wavelength coverage of Euclid and JWST might select different samples of compact sources.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554537",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A24"
},
{
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"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y3jad-qpe03",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). IX. First visual morphology catalogue",
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"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
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"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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"abstract": "Galaxy morphologies and shape orientations are expected to correlate with their large-scale environments, since they grow by accreting matter from the cosmic web and are subject to interactions with other galaxies. We extracted cosmic filaments in projection from the Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (covering 63.1 deg2) at 0.5\u2004<\u2004z\u2004<\u20040.9 in tomographic slices of 170 comoving h−1\u2006Mpc using photometric redshifts. Galaxy morphologies are accurately retrieved thanks to the excellent imaging resolution of the visible camera (VIS) of Euclid. The distribution of massive galaxies (M*\u2004>\u20041010\u2006M\u2299) in the projected cosmic web is analysed as a function of morphology measured from VIS data. Specifically, the 2D alignment of galaxy shapes with large-scale filaments is quantified as a function of Sérsic indices and masses. We find the known trend that more massive galaxies are closer to filament spines. At fixed stellar masses, morphologies correlate both with densities and distances to large-scale filaments. In addition, the large volume of this data set allows us to detect a signal indicating that there is a preferential alignment of the major axis of massive early-type galaxies along projected cosmic filaments. Overall, these results demonstrate our capabilities to carry out detailed studies of galaxy environments with Euclid, which will be extended to higher redshift and lower stellar masses with the future Euclid Deep Survey.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554651",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A36"
},
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"title": "Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). XVII. First Euclid statistical study of galaxy mergers and their connection to active galactic nuclei",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Vergani",
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{
"family_name": "Vielzeuf",
"given_name": "P.",
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{
"family_name": "Walton",
"given_name": "N. A.",
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{
"family_name": "Soubrie",
"given_name": "E.",
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{
"family_name": "Scott",
"given_name": "D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6878-9840"
},
{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "Galaxy major mergers are indicated as one of the principal pathways to trigger active galactic nuclei (AGN). We present the first statistical analysis of the major merger and AGN connection in the Euclid Deep Fields, and showcase the statistical power of the Euclid data. We constructed a stellar-mass-complete (M\u2605\u2004>\u2004109.8\u2006M\u2299) sample of galaxies from the quick data release (Euclid Quick Release Q1 2025) in the redshift range z\u2004=\u20040.5–2. We selected AGN using X-ray detections, optical spectroscopy, and mid-infrared (MIR) colours, and by processing IE observations with an image decomposition algorithm. We used convolutional neural networks trained on cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to classify galaxies as mergers and non-mergers. We found a larger fraction of AGN in mergers compared to the non-merger controls for all AGN selections, with AGN excess factors ranging from two to six. The largest excess we observed was in the MIR AGN. Likewise, a generally larger merger fraction (fmerg) was seen in active galaxies than in the non-active controls, with the excess depending on the AGN selection method. Furthermore, we analysed fmerg as a function of the AGN bolometric luminosity (Lbol) and the contribution of the point-source component to the total galaxy light in the IE-band (fPSF) as a proxy for the relative AGN contribution fraction. We uncovered a rising fmerg, with an increasing fPSF up to fPSF\u2004\u2243\u20040.55, after which we observed a decreasing trend. In the range fPSF\u2004=\u20040.3–0.7, mergers appear to be the dominant AGN fuelling mechanism. We then derived the point-source luminosity (LPSF) and showed that fmerg monotonically increases as a function of LPSF at z\u2004<\u20040.9, with fmerg\u2004≥\u200450% for LPSF\u2004\u2243\u20042\u2005×\u20051043\u2006erg\u2006s−1. Similarly, at 0.9\u2004≤\u2004z\u2004≤\u20042, fmerg rises as a function of LPSF, though mergers do not dominate until LPSF\u2004\u2243\u20041045\u2006erg\u2006s−1. For the X-ray and spectroscopically detected AGN, we derived the bolometric luminosity, Lbol, which has a positive correlation with fmerg for X-ray AGN, while there is a less pronounced trend for spectroscopically selected AGN due to the smaller sample size. At Lbol\u2004>\u20041045\u2006erg\u2006s−1, AGN mostly reside in mergers. We conclude that mergers are most strongly associated with the most powerful and dust-obscured AGN, which are typically linked to a fast-growing phase of the supermassive black hole, while other mechanisms, such as secular processes, might be the trigger of less luminous and dominant AGN.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202554579",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-07",
"volume": "711",
"pages": "A17"
},
{
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"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v8knf-69y78",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid. VII. Structural-thermal-optical performance",
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"given_name": "S.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0449-8163"
},
{
"family_name": "Radovich",
"given_name": "M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3585-866X"
},
{
"family_name": "Sacquegna",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Sahl\u00e9n",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Sanders",
"given_name": "D. B.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1233-9998"
},
{
"family_name": "Sarpa",
"given_name": "E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1256-655X"
},
{
"family_name": "Schneider",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7055-8104"
},
{
"family_name": "Sciotti",
"given_name": "D.",
"orcid": "0009-0008-4519-2620"
},
{
"family_name": "Sellentin",
"given_name": "E."
},
{
"family_name": "Smith",
"given_name": "L. C.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3259-2771"
},
{
"family_name": "Tanidis",
"given_name": "K.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9843-5130"
},
{
"family_name": "Testera",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Teyssier",
"given_name": "R.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7689-0933"
},
{
"family_name": "Tosi",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Troja",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0239-4595"
},
{
"family_name": "Tucci",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Valieri",
"given_name": "C.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0973-2430"
},
{
"family_name": "Venhola",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6071-4564"
},
{
"family_name": "Vergani",
"given_name": "D.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0898-2216"
},
{
"family_name": "Verza",
"given_name": "G.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1886-8348"
},
{
"family_name": "Vielzeuf",
"given_name": "P."
},
{
"family_name": "Walton",
"given_name": "N. A.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3983-8778"
},
{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration:"
}
],
"abstract": "Context. The performance of the Euclid system is defined in terms of image quality metrics tuned to the weak gravitational lensing cosmological probe. The weak lensing measurement induces stringent requirements on the shape and stability of the VIS instrument system point spread function (PSF). The PSF is affected by error contributions from the telescope, the focal plane, and image motion, and it is controlled by a global error budget, with error allocations for each contributor.
\nAims. During development of the spacecraft, we verified through a structural-thermal-optical performance (STOP) analysis that the built and verified telescope with its spacecraft interface meets the in-orbit steady-state and transient image quality requirements under temperature-induced loads in all permitted spacecraft attitudes after all permitted attitude transitions. Based on data from its first year in orbit, we compared the performance we expected with the actual performance.
\nMethods. For the purposes of the STOP analysis, we set up a detailed finite-element mathematical model and defined a standard set of test cases, both steady-state and transient, comprising combinations of worst-case boundary conditions. Iterations of the analysis were performed in conjunction with the major reviews of the spacecraft verification cycle. After launch, we applied the model in sensitivity analyses using realistic boundary conditions.
\nResults. The STOP analysis addressed the interaction of all spacecraft components in transmitting temperature-induced loads that lead to optical train deformation. The results of the prelaunch analysis demonstrated that temperature-induced optical perturbations would be well below the allowable limits for all permitted observing conditions. We used the STOP analysis predictions to help interpret the measured performance of the spacecraft as a function of environmental variables during its first year in orbit. We discovered unpredicted disturbances (heat pulses from instrument operation propagating into the telescope), and unexpected sensitivities (e.g. a high dependence of the telescope baseplate temperature on the solar aspect angle; a nearly absent dependence on the azimuth angle after the attitude domain was redefined for stray light avoidance). In-orbit temperature variations are small (<300 mK) and so are their effects on the telescope structure (displacements <1 μm, rotations <1 μrad), but they are detected in the time histories of the image quality metrics and are a non-negligible factor in the point spread function stability budget demanded by the weak lensing science (Δe < 2×10−3 over 11 000 s). Taking everything into account, our analysis confirms the overall excellent performance of the telescope.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202557524",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-05",
"volume": "709",
"pages": "A15"
},
{
"id": "authors:77jd9-3nt35",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "77jd9-3nt35",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/77jd9-3nt35",
"type": "article",
"title": "Searching within Galaxies for the Earliest Signs of Quenching With Spatially Resolved Star Formation Histories in UVCANDELS Galaxies at z < 0.3",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "Olsen",
"given_name": "Charlotte",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8085-7578"
},
{
"family_name": "Gawiser",
"given_name": "Eric",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1530-8713"
},
{
"family_name": "Welker",
"given_name": "Charlotte",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5576-0144"
},
{
"family_name": "Teplitz",
"given_name": "Harry",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7064-5424",
"clpid": "Teplitz-Harry-I"
},
{
"family_name": "Iyer",
"given_name": "Kartheik",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9298-3523"
},
{
"family_name": "Wang",
"given_name": "Xin",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9373-3865"
},
{
"family_name": "Rafelski",
"given_name": "Marc",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9946-4731"
},
{
"family_name": "Windhorst",
"given_name": "Rogier A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8156-6281"
},
{
"family_name": "Koekemoer",
"given_name": "Anton",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6610-2048"
},
{
"family_name": "Alavi",
"given_name": "Anahita",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8630-6435",
"clpid": "Alavi-Anahita"
},
{
"family_name": "Sunnquist",
"given_name": "Ben",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3759-8707"
},
{
"family_name": "Grogin",
"given_name": "Norman",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9440-8872"
},
{
"family_name": "Guo",
"given_name": "Yicheng",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2775-2002"
},
{
"family_name": "Conselice",
"given_name": "Christopher J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1949-7638"
},
{
"family_name": "Yung",
"given_name": "L. Y. Aaron",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3466-035X"
},
{
"family_name": "Nedkova",
"given_name": "Kalina",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5294-8002"
},
{
"family_name": "Mobasher",
"given_name": "Bahram",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5846-4404"
},
{
"family_name": "Lucas",
"given_name": "Ray A.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1581-7825"
},
{
"family_name": "Mehta",
"given_name": "Vihang",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7166-6035",
"clpid": "Mehta-Vihang"
},
{
"family_name": "Dai",
"given_name": "Y. Sophia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7928-416X"
},
{
"family_name": "Gardner",
"given_name": "Jonathan P.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2098-9568"
}
],
"abstract": "\n
Understanding the complicated processes that regulate star formation and cause a galaxy to become quiescent is key to our comprehension of galaxy evolution. We used eight well-resolved star-forming z < 0.3 galaxies from the UVCANDELS survey, where a total of 10 Hubble Space Telescope bands, including UV follow-up in UVIS/F275W, allow us to reconstruct the star formation histories (SFHs) of regions across each galaxy. This approach provides a powerful tool to explore the spatiotemporal connection between star formation and galaxy evolution. The spatial and temporal profiles of stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) surface density were obtained from the SFHs of these regions. We measure scaling relations and projected radial profiles of regions within each galaxy at the time of observation and at 1 Gyr lookback time, noting possible trends in the evolution. By comparing the change in star formation over time, we can infer the timing and location of star formation and see early signs of star formation shutting off before quenching occurs. We compared the SFR density–stellar mass density scaling relations for individual galaxies as they evolve from 1 Gyr lookback time. The correlation lines pivot around a log-stellar mass surface density of 7.25 [M\u2299 kpc−2], which may be evidence of a self-regulating process on these scales. Radial profiles of the galaxy logarithmic specific SFR (sSFR) show an overall decrease over 1 Gyr, but five galaxies show a greater change in log(sSFR) at the outskirts than the center, indicating a possible early onset of quenching in these galaxies.
\n
The ongoing Euclid mission is aimed at measuring spectroscopic redshifts for approximately two million galaxies using the Hα line emission detected in near-infrared slitless spectroscopic data from the Euclid Deep Fields, leveraging both the red and blue grisms. These measurements will reach a flux limit of 5\u2005×\u200510−17\u2006erg\u2006cm−2\u2006s−1 in the redshift range 0.4\u2004<\u2004z\u2004<\u20041.8, paving the way to numerous scientific investigations involving galaxy evolution, extending well beyond the mission’s core objectives. The achieved Hα luminosity depth will lead to a sufficiently high sampling, enabling the reconstruction of the large-scale galaxy environment. Here, we assess the quality of the reconstruction of the galaxy cosmic web environment with the expected spectroscopic dataset in Euclid Deep Fields. The analysis was carried out on the Flagship and GAEA galaxy mock catalogues. The quality of the reconstruction was first evaluated using simple geometrical and topological statistics measured on the cosmic web network; namely, the length of filaments, the area of walls, the volume of voids, and its connectivity and multiplicity. We then quantified how accurately gradients in galaxy properties can be recovered, with respect to the distance from filaments. As expected, the small-scale redshift-space distortions, such as Fingers of God (FoG) effects, have a strong impact on filament lengths and connectivity; however, they can be mitigated by compressing galaxy groups identified with an anisotropic group finder prior to a skeleton extraction. The cosmic web reconstruction is biased when relying solely on Hα emitters. This limitation can be mitigated by applying stellar mass weighting during the cosmic web reconstruction. However, this approach introduces non-trivial biases that need to be accounted for when comparing to theoretical predictions. Redshift uncertainties pose the greatest challenge in recovering the expected dependence of galaxy properties, although the well-established stellar mass transverse gradients towards filaments can still be observed to a lesser extent.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202557286",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-04",
"volume": "708",
"pages": "A164"
},
{
"id": "authors:1tsfj-1hx20",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "1tsfj-1hx20",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1tsfj-1hx20",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid preparation. LXXXVI. Cosmic Dawn Survey: Evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function across 0.2 < z \u2264 6.5 measured over 10 square degrees",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "Zalesky",
"given_name": "L.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5680-2326"
},
{
"family_name": "Weaver",
"given_name": "J. R.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1614-196X"
},
{
"family_name": "McPartland",
"given_name": "C. J. R.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0639-025X"
},
{
"family_name": "Murphree",
"given_name": "G.",
"orcid": "0009-0007-7266-8914"
},
{
"family_name": "Valdes",
"given_name": "I.",
"orcid": "0009-0002-8551-9372"
},
{
"family_name": "Jespersen",
"given_name": "C. K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8896-6496"
},
{
"family_name": "Taamoli",
"given_name": "S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0749-4667"
},
{
"family_name": "Chartab",
"given_name": "N.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3691-937X",
"clpid": "Chartab-Nima"
},
{
"family_name": "Allen",
"given_name": "N.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9610-7950"
},
{
"family_name": "Barrow",
"given_name": "S. W. J.",
"orcid": "0009-0001-9835-3650"
},
{
"family_name": "Sanders",
"given_name": "D. B.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1233-9998"
},
{
"family_name": "Toft",
"given_name": "S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3631-7176"
},
{
"family_name": "Mobasher",
"given_name": "B.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5846-4404"
},
{
"family_name": "Szapudi",
"given_name": "I.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2274-0301"
},
{
"family_name": "Altieri",
"given_name": "B."
},
{
"family_name": "Amara",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Andreon",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Auricchio",
"given_name": "N."
},
{
"family_name": "Baccigalupi",
"given_name": "C.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7154-0360"
},
{
"family_name": "Baldi",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Bardelli",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Battaglia",
"given_name": "P."
},
{
"family_name": "Biviano",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Bonino",
"given_name": "D."
},
{
"family_name": "Branchini",
"given_name": "E."
},
{
"family_name": "Brescia",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Brinchmann",
"given_name": "J."
},
{
"family_name": "Caillat",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Camera",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Ca\u00f1as-Herrera",
"given_name": "G.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2796-2149"
},
{
"family_name": "Capobianco",
"given_name": "V."
},
{
"family_name": "Carbone",
"given_name": "C."
},
{
"family_name": "Carretero",
"given_name": "J."
},
{
"family_name": "Casas",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Castander",
"given_name": "F. J."
},
{
"family_name": "Castellano",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Castignani",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Cavuoti",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Chambers",
"given_name": "K. C."
},
{
"family_name": "Cimatti",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Colodro-Conde",
"given_name": "C."
},
{
"family_name": "Congedo",
"given_name": "G.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2508-0046"
},
{
"family_name": "Conselice",
"given_name": "C. J."
},
{
"family_name": "Conversi",
"given_name": "L."
},
{
"family_name": "Copin",
"given_name": "Y."
},
{
"family_name": "Courbin",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Courtois",
"given_name": "H. M."
},
{
"family_name": "Da Silva",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Degaudenzi",
"given_name": "H."
},
{
"family_name": "De Lucia",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Di Giorgio",
"given_name": "A. M."
},
{
"family_name": "Dole",
"given_name": "H."
},
{
"family_name": "Dubath",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Duncan",
"given_name": "C. A. J."
},
{
"family_name": "Dupac",
"given_name": "X."
},
{
"family_name": "Dusini",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Ealet",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Escoffier",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Farina",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Farinelli",
"given_name": "R."
},
{
"family_name": "Farrens",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Faustini",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Ferriol",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Finelli",
"given_name": "F.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6694-3269"
},
{
"family_name": "Fosalba",
"given_name": "P."
},
{
"family_name": "Fotopoulou",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Frailis",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Franceschi",
"given_name": "E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0585-6591"
},
{
"family_name": "Fumana",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "George",
"given_name": "K."
},
{
"family_name": "Gillis",
"given_name": "B."
},
{
"family_name": "Giocoli",
"given_name": "C."
},
{
"family_name": "Gracia-Carpio",
"given_name": "J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4689-3134"
},
{
"family_name": "Grazian",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5688-0663"
},
{
"family_name": "Grupp",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Gwyn",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Haugan",
"given_name": "S. V. H."
},
{
"family_name": "Holmes",
"given_name": "W.",
"clpid": "Holmes-W"
},
{
"family_name": "Hook",
"given_name": "I."
},
{
"family_name": "Hormuth",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Hornstrup",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Jahnke",
"given_name": "K."
},
{
"family_name": "Jhabvala",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Joachimi",
"given_name": "B."
},
{
"family_name": "Keih\u00e4nen",
"given_name": "E."
},
{
"family_name": "Kermiche",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Kiessling",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2590-1273",
"clpid": "Kiessling-Alina"
},
{
"family_name": "Kubik",
"given_name": "B."
},
{
"family_name": "Kuijken",
"given_name": "K."
},
{
"family_name": "K\u00fcmmel",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Kunz",
"given_name": "M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3052-7394"
},
{
"family_name": "Kurki-Suonio",
"given_name": "H."
},
{
"family_name": "Le Brun",
"given_name": "A. M. C."
},
{
"family_name": "Le Mignant",
"given_name": "D."
},
{
"family_name": "Ligori",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Lilje",
"given_name": "P. B."
},
{
"family_name": "Lindholm",
"given_name": "V."
},
{
"family_name": "Lloro",
"given_name": "I."
},
{
"family_name": "Mainetti",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Maino",
"given_name": "D."
},
{
"family_name": "Maiorano",
"given_name": "E."
},
{
"family_name": "Mansutti",
"given_name": "O."
},
{
"family_name": "Marggraf",
"given_name": "O."
},
{
"family_name": "Markovic",
"given_name": "K.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6764-073X",
"clpid": "Markovic-K"
},
{
"family_name": "Martinelli",
"given_name": "M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6943-7732"
},
{
"family_name": "Martinet",
"given_name": "N."
},
{
"family_name": "Marulli",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Massey",
"given_name": "R."
},
{
"family_name": "Maurogordato",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "McCracken",
"given_name": "H. J."
},
{
"family_name": "Medinaceli",
"given_name": "E."
},
{
"family_name": "Mei",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Mellier",
"given_name": "Y."
},
{
"family_name": "Meneghetti",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Merlin",
"given_name": "E."
},
{
"family_name": "Meylan",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Mora",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Moresco",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Moscardini",
"given_name": "L."
},
{
"family_name": "Nakajima",
"given_name": "R."
},
{
"family_name": "Neissner",
"given_name": "C."
},
{
"family_name": "Niemi",
"given_name": "S.-M."
},
{
"family_name": "Nightingale",
"given_name": "J. W."
},
{
"family_name": "Padilla",
"given_name": "C."
},
{
"family_name": "Paltani",
"given_name": "S."
},
{
"family_name": "Pasian",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Pedersen",
"given_name": "K."
},
{
"family_name": "Pettorino",
"given_name": "V."
},
{
"family_name": "Polenta",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Poncet",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Popa",
"given_name": "L. A."
},
{
"family_name": "Pozzetti",
"given_name": "L."
},
{
"family_name": "Raison",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Rebolo",
"given_name": "R.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3767-7085"
},
{
"family_name": "Renzi",
"given_name": "A."
},
{
"family_name": "Rhodes",
"given_name": "J.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4485-8549",
"clpid": "Rhodes-Jason"
},
{
"family_name": "Riccio",
"given_name": "G."
},
{
"family_name": "Romelli",
"given_name": "E."
},
{
"family_name": "Roncarelli",
"given_name": "M."
},
{
"family_name": "Saglia",
"given_name": "R."
},
{
"family_name": "Sakr",
"given_name": "Z."
},
{
"family_name": "Sapone",
"given_name": "D."
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{
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{
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{
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"given_name": "C."
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{
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"given_name": "G."
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{
"family_name": "Teyssier",
"given_name": "R.",
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Tucci",
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{
"family_name": "Valieri",
"given_name": "C."
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"family_name": "Venhola",
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"family_name": "Vergani",
"given_name": "D."
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"family_name": "Verza",
"given_name": "G."
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{
"family_name": "Vielzeuf",
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{
"family_name": "Walton",
"given_name": "N. A.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3983-8778"
},
{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "The Cosmic Dawn Survey pre-launch catalogues cover an effective 10.13 deg2 area with uniform deep Spitzer/IRAC data (m\u2004∼\u200425 mag, 5σ), the largest area covered to these depths at IR wavelengths. We used these data to gain new insight into the growth of stellar mass across cosmic history by characterising the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function through 0.2\u2004<\u2004z\u2004≤\u20046.5. The total volume (0.62 Gpc3) represents an order of magnitude increase compared to previous works that explored z\u2004>\u20043 and significantly reduces cosmic variance, thus yielding strong constraints on the abundance of galaxies above the characteristic stellar mass (\u2133\u2605) across this ten billion year period. The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function is generally consistent with results from the literature but now provides firm estimates of the number density where only upper limits were previously available. Contrasting the galaxy stellar mass function with the dark matter halo mass function suggests that massive galaxies (\u2133\u2004\u2273\u20041011 M\u2299) at z\u2004>\u20043.5 required integrated star-formation efficiencies of \u2133/(\u2133hfb)\u2273 0.25–0.5, in excess of the commonly held view of a ‘universal peak efficiency’ from studies on the stellar-to-halo mass relation. Such increased efficiencies imply an evolving peak in the stellar-to-halo mass relation at z\u2004>\u20043.5 that can be maintained if feedback mechanisms from active galactic nuclei and stellar processes are ineffective at early times. In addition, a significant fraction of the most massive quiescent galaxies are observed to be in place by z\u2004∼\u20042.5–3. The apparent lack of change in their number density by z\u2004∼\u20040.2 is consistent with relatively little mass growth from mergers. Utilising the unique volume, we find evidence of an environmental dependence of the galaxy stellar mass function all the way through z\u2004∼\u20043.5 for the first time, though a more careful characterisation of the density field is ultimately required for confirmation.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202555728",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-04",
"volume": "708",
"pages": "A104"
},
{
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"type": "article",
"title": "The SPHEREx Satellite Mission",
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"abstract": "Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx), a NASA Explorer satellite launched on 2025 March 11, is carrying out the first all-sky near-infrared spectral survey. The satellite observes in 102 spectral bands from 0.75 to 5.0 μm with a resolving power ranging from λ/Δλ = 35–130 in 6.\"2 pixels. The observatory obtains a 5σ depth of 19.5–19.9 AB mag for 0.75 < λ < 3.8 μm with λ/Δλ ∼ 40 and 17.8–18.8 AB mag for 3.8 < λ < 5.0 μm with λ/Δλ ∼ 120 after mapping the full sky four times over two years. Scientifically, SPHEREx will produce a large galaxy redshift survey over the full sky to constrain the amplitude of inflationary non-Gaussianity. The observations will produce two deep spectral maps near the ecliptic poles that use intensity mapping to probe the evolution of galaxies over cosmic history. By mapping the depth of infrared absorption features over the Galactic plane, SPHEREx will comprehensively survey the abundance and composition of water and other biogenic ice species in the interstellar medium. The project will release initial data rapidly in the form of spectral images, and specialized data products over the life of the mission as the surveys proceed. The science team will also produce spectral catalogs of planet-bearing and low-mass stars, solar system objects, and galaxy clusters three years after launch. We describe the design of the instrument and spacecraft, which flow from the core science requirements. Finally, we present an initial evaluation of the satellite’s in-flight performance and key characteristics.
",
"doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/ae2be2",
"issn": "0004-637X",
"publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
"publication": "Astrophysical Journal",
"publication_date": "2026-03-01",
"series_number": "1",
"volume": "999",
"issue": "1",
"pages": "139"
},
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"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid preparation. LXXXII. Predicting star-forming galaxy scaling relations with the spectral stacking code SpectraPyle",
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"family_name": "Tucci",
"given_name": "M."
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{
"family_name": "Valieri",
"given_name": "C.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0973-2430"
},
{
"family_name": "Venhola",
"given_name": "A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6071-4564"
},
{
"family_name": "Verza",
"given_name": "G.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1886-8348"
},
{
"family_name": "Vielzeuf",
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{
"family_name": "Walton",
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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],
"abstract": "We introduce SpectraPyle, a versatile spectral stacking pipeline developed for the Euclid mission’s NISP spectroscopic surveys, aimed at extracting faint emission lines and spectral features from large galaxy samples in the Wide and Deep Surveys. Designed for computational efficiency and flexible configuration, SpectraPyle supports the processing of extensive datasets critical to Euclid’s non-cosmological science goals. We validated the pipeline using simulated spectra processed to match Euclid’s expected final data quality. Stacking enables robust recovery of key emission lines, including Hα, Hβ, [O\u202fIII], and [N\u202fII], below individual detection limits. However, the measurement of galaxy properties such as star formation rate, dust attenuation, and gas-phase metallicity are biased at stellar mass below log10(M/ M\u2299)∼9 due to the flux-limited nature of Euclid spectroscopic samples, where spectra below the detection threshold lack reliable redshift measurements, preventing effective stacking. The star formation rate–stellar mass relation of the parent sample is recovered reliably only in the deep survey for log10(M/ M\u2299)\u227310, whereas the metallicity–mass relation is recovered more accurately over a wider mass range. These limitations are caused by the increased fraction of redshift measurement errors at lower masses and fluxes. We examined the impact of residual redshift contaminants that arises from mis-identified emission lines and noise spikes, on stacked spectra. Even after stringent quality selections, low-level contamination (< 6%) has minimal impact on line fluxes due to the systematically weaker emission of contaminants. A percentile-based analysis of stacked spectra provides a sensitive diagnostic for detecting contamination via coherent spurious features at characteristic wavelengths. While our simulations include most instrumental effects, real Euclid data will require a further refinement of contamination mitigation strategies.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202557329",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-03",
"volume": "707",
"pages": "A232"
},
{
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"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid preparation. LXXIX. Using mock low surface brightness dwarf galaxies to probe Euclid Wide Survey detection capabilities",
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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],
"abstract": "Local Universe dwarf galaxies can serve as both cosmological and mass assembly probes. Deep surveys have enabled the study of these objects down to the low surface brightness (LSB) regime. In this paper, we estimate Euclid’s dwarf detection capabilities as well as limits of its MERge processing function (MER pipeline), which is responsible for producing the stacked mosaics and final catalogues. To do this, we injected mock dwarf galaxies in a real Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) field in the VIS band and compared the input catalogue to the final MER catalogue. The mock dwarf galaxies were generated using simple Sérsic models with structural parameters (including size and surface brightness) drawn from observed dwarf galaxy catalogues. These simulations represent an idealised case in the sense they do not account for additional factors such as ellipticity, morphology, or crowding. To characterise the detected dwarfs, we used the mean surface brightness inside the effective radius SBe (in mag arcsec−2). The final MER catalogues achieve a completenesses of 91% for SBe\u2004∈\u2004[21,\u200624] and 54% for SBe\u2004∈\u2004[24,\u200628]. These numbers do not take into account possible contaminants, including confusion with background galaxies at the location of the dwarfs. After taking those effects into account, they respectively became 86% and 38%. The MER pipeline performs a final local background subtraction with a small mesh size, leading to a flux loss for galaxies with Re\u2004>\u200410″. By using the final MER mosaics and reinjecting this local background, we obtained an image in which we recover reliable photometric properties for objects under the arcminute scale. This background-reinjected product is thus suitable for the study of Local Universe dwarf galaxies. Euclid’s data reduction pipeline serves as a test bed for other deep surveys, particularly regarding background subtraction methods, a key issue in LSB science.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202557270",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-03",
"volume": "707",
"pages": "A229"
},
{
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"collection_id": "r8b8j-4fx78",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r8b8j-4fx78",
"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid preparation. LXXX. Overview of Euclid infrared detector performance from ground tests",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"family_name": "Zalesky",
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration:"
}
],
"abstract": "This paper describes the objectives, design, and findings of the pre-launch ground characterisation campaigns of the Euclid infrared detectors. The aim of the ground characterisations is to evaluate the performance of the detectors, to calibrate the pixel response, and to derive the pixel response correction methods. The detectors have been tested and characterised in the facilities set up for this purpose. The pixel properties, including baseline, bad pixels, quantum efficiency, inter pixel capacitance, quantum efficiency, dark current, readout noise, conversion gain, response non-linearity, and image persistence were measured and characterised for each pixel. We describe in detail the test flow definition that allows us to derive the pixel properties and we present the data acquisition and data quality check software implemented for this purpose. We also outline the measurement protocols of all the pixel properties presented and we provide a comprehensive overview of the performance of the Euclid infrared detectors as derived after tuning the operating parameters of the detectors. The main conclusion of this work is that the performance of the infrared detectors Euclid meets the requirements. Pixels classified as non-functioning accounted for less than 0.2% of all science pixels. The interpixel capacitance (IPC) coupling is minimal, the cross-talk between adjacent pixels is less than 1% between adjacent pixels, and 95% of the pixels show a quantum efficienty (QE) greater than 80% across the entire spectral range of the Euclid mission. The conversion gain is approximately 0.52 ADU/e−, with a variation of less than 1% between channels of the same detector. The reset noise is approximately equal to 23 ADU rms after reference pixel correction. The readout noise of a single frame is approximately 13 e− rms while the signal estimator noise is measured at 7 e− rms in photometric mode and 9 e− rms in spectroscopic acquisition mode. The deviation from linear response at signal levels up to 80 ke− is less than 5% for 95% of the pixels. Median persistence amplitudes are less than 0.3% of the signal, though persistence exhibits significant spatial variation and differences between detectors.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202555777",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-03",
"volume": "707",
"pages": "A230"
},
{
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"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid preparation. XXVII. The NISP spectroscopy channel: Ground performance and calibration",
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
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],
"abstract": "ESA’s Euclid cosmology mission relies on the very sensitive and accurately calibrated spectroscopy channel of the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP). With three operational grisms in two wavelength intervals, NISP provides diffraction-limited slitless spectroscopy over a field of 0.57 deg2. A blue grism, BGE, covers the wavelength range 926–1366 nm at a spectral resolution (\u211b) of 440–900 for a 0.″5 diameter source with a dispersion of 1.24 nm px−1. Two red grisms, RGE, span 1206 to 1892 nm at \u211b = 550–740 and a dispersion of 1.37 nm px−1. We describe the construction of the grisms as well as the ground testing of the flight model of the NISP instrument, where these properties were established.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202555859",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-03",
"volume": "707",
"pages": "A227"
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"abstract": "The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R \u2273 450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950–2020 nm wavelength range. In this reference article, we illuminate the background of NISP’s functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument’s integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated as well as its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and the technical background are included. The NISP’s 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0″.3 pixel−1 deliver a field of view of 0.57 deg2. In photometric mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5 AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100 s in exposure time for point sources and with a S/N of five. For spectroscopy, NISP’s pointsource sensitivity is a signal-to-noise ratio = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2 integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4 Å in 3 × 560 s grism exposures at 1.6 µm (redshifted Hα). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of the pixel-based detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy better than 1.5% and a relative spectrophotometry better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be accurate to 5 Å or better. The NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the near-infrared for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST – and it represents an enormous advance from any existing instrumentation due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid’s six-year survey covering 14 000 deg2 of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone in determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its near-infrared data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202450786",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2025-05",
"volume": "697",
"pages": "A3"
},
{
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"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid: Early Release Observations \u2013 Unveiling the morphology of two Milky Way globular clusters out to their periphery",
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],
"abstract": "As part of the Euclid Early Release Observations (ERO) programme, we analysed deep, wide-field imaging from the VIS and NISP instruments of two Milky Way globular clusters (GCs), namely NGC 6254 (M10) and NGC 6397, to look for observational evidence of their dynamical interaction with the Milky Way. We searched for such an interaction in the form of structural and morphological features in the clusters' outermost regions, which would be suggestive of the development of tidal tails on scales larger than those sampled by the ERO data. From our multi-band photometric analysis, we obtained deep and well-behaved colour\u2013magnitude diagrams that, in turn, enabled an accurate membership selection. The surface brightness profiles built from these samples of member stars are the deepest ever obtained for these two Milky Way GCs, reaching down to \u223c30.0 mag/arcsec2, which is \u223c1.5 mag/arcsec2 lower than before. The investigation of the two-dimensional density map of NGC 6254 reveals an elongated morphology of the cluster peripheries in the direction and with the amplitude predicted by N-body simulations of the cluster's dynamical evolution, at high statistical significance. We interpret this as strong evidence for the first detection of tidally induced morphological distortion around this cluster. The density map of NGC 6397 reveals a slightly elliptical morphology, in agreement with previous studies, which requires further investigation on larger scales to be properly interpreted. This ERO project thus demonstrates the power of Euclid in studying the outer regions of GCs at an unprecedented level of detail, thanks to the combination of the large field of view, high spatial resolution, and depth enabled by the telescope. Our results highlight the future Euclid survey as the ideal dataset for investigating GC tidal tails and stellar streams.",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202449696",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy and Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2025-05",
"volume": "697",
"pages": "A8"
},
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"type": "article",
"title": "Euclid. IV. The NISP Calibration Unit",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Sahl\u00e9n",
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{
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{
"family_name": "Schneider",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Spurio Mancini",
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Valiviita",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"family_name": "Oguri",
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{
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"given_name": "I.",
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"family_name": "Lesgourgues",
"given_name": "J.",
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{
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"given_name": "J.",
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{
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{
"literal": "Euclid Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "The near-infrared calibration unit (NI-CU) on board Euclid’s Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) is the first astronomical calibration lamp based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to be operated in space. Euclid is a mission in ESA’s Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 framework to explore the dark universe and provide a next-level characterisation of the nature of gravitation, dark matter, and dark energy. Calibrating photometric and spectrometric measurements of galaxies to better than 1.5% accuracy in a survey homogeneously mapping ~14 000 deg2 of extragalactic sky requires a very detailed characterisation of near-infrared (NIR) detector properties as well as constant monitoring of them in flight. To cover two of the main contributions – relative pixel-to-pixel sensitivity and non-linearity characteristics – and to support other calibration activities, NI-CU was designed to provide spatially approximately homogeneous (<12% variations) and temporally stable illumination (0.1–0.2% over 1200 s) over the NISP detector plane with minimal power consumption and energy dissipation. NI-CU covers the spectral range ~[900,I900] nm – at cryo-operating temperature – at five fixed independent wavelengths to capture wavelength-dependent behaviour of the detectors, with fluence over a dynamic range of \u2273100 from ~15 ph s−1 pixel−1 to >1500 ph s−1 pixel−1. For this functionality, NI-CU is based on LEDs. We describe the rationale behind the decision and design process, the challenges in sourcing the right LEDs, and the qualification process and lessons learned. We also provide a description of the completed NI-CU, its capabilities, and performance as well as its limits. NI-CU has been integrated into NISP and the Euclid satellite, and since Euclid’s launch in July 2023, it has started supporting survey operations.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202450345",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2025-05",
"volume": "697",
"pages": "A4"
},
{
"id": "authors:1t5gh-pjs28",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "1t5gh-pjs28",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1t5gh-pjs28",
"type": "article",
"title": "Predicting the Spectroscopic Features of Galaxies by Applying Manifold Learning on Their Broadband Colors: Proof of Concept and Potential Applications for Euclid, Roman, and Rubin LSST",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "Jafariyazani",
"given_name": "Marziye",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8019-6661",
"clpid": "Jafariyazani-Marziye"
},
{
"family_name": "Masters",
"given_name": "Daniel",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5382-6138",
"clpid": "Masters-Daniel"
},
{
"family_name": "Faisst",
"given_name": "Andreas L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9382-9832",
"clpid": "Faisst-Andreas-L"
},
{
"family_name": "Teplitz",
"given_name": "Harry I.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7064-5424",
"clpid": "Teplitz-Harry-I"
},
{
"family_name": "Ilbert",
"given_name": "Olivier",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7303-4397",
"clpid": "Ilbert-Olivier"
}
],
"abstract": "\n
Entering the era of large-scale galaxy surveys, which will deliver unprecedented amounts of photometric and spectroscopic data, there is a growing need for more efficient, data-driven, and less model-dependent techniques to analyze the spectral energy distribution of galaxies. In this work, we demonstrate that by taking advantage of manifold learning approaches, we can estimate spectroscopic features of large samples of galaxies from their broadband photometry when spectroscopy is available only for a fraction of the sample. This will be done by applying the self-organizing map algorithm on broadband colors of galaxies and mapping partially available spectroscopic information into the trained maps. In this pilot study, we focus on estimating the 4000 Å break in a magnitude-limited sample of galaxies in the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field. We also examine this method to predict the HδA index given our available spectroscopic measurements. We use observed galaxy colors (u,g,r,i,z,Y,J,H), as well as spectroscopic measurements for a fraction of the sample from the LEGA-C and zCOSMOS spectroscopic surveys to estimate this feature for our parent photometric sample. We recover the D4000 feature for galaxies that only have broadband colors with uncertainties about twice the uncertainty of the employed spectroscopic surveys. Using these measurements, we observe a positive correlation between D4000 and the stellar mass of the galaxies in our sample with weaker D4000 features for higher-redshift galaxies at fixed stellar masses. These can be explained by the downsizing scenario for the formation of galaxies and the decrease in their specific star formation rate as well as the aging of their stellar populations over this time period.
\n
\n
We report the direct detection of Lyman continuum (LyC) emission from nine galaxies and one active galactic nucleus at z ∼ 1.1–1.6 in the GOODS-North field using deep observations from the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on board AstroSat. The absolute escape fraction of the sources estimated from the far-ultraviolet and Hα-line luminosities using Monte Carlo analysis of two intergalactic medium models span a range ∼10%–55%. The rest-frame UV wavelength of the sources falls in the extreme-ultraviolet regime ∼550–700 Å, the shortest LyC wavelength range probed so far. This redshift range remains devoid of direct detections of LyC emission due to the instrumental limitations of previously available facilities. With UVIT having very low detector noise, each of these sources is detected with an individual signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 3, while for the stack of six sources, we achieve an S/N ∼ 7.4. The LyC emission is seen to be offset from the optical centroids and extended beyond the UVIT point-spread function of 16 in most of the sources. This sample fills an important niche between GALEX and Cosmic Origins Spectrograph at low z and Hubble Space Telescope's Wide Field Camera 3 at high z and is crucial in understanding the evolution of LyC leakers.
\n
\n
The UltraViolet Imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Fields (UVCANDELS) survey provided ultraviolet F275W imaging with coordinated parallel optical F435W imaging in four of the five CANDELS fields: GOODS-N, GOODS-S, EGS, and COSMOS, covering a total area of ∼426 arcmin2. UVCANDELS takes primary WFC3/UVIS F275W exposures at a uniform 3-orbit depth and ACS F435W exposures (in parallel) at slightly varying depth due to the roll angle constraints and the overlap from the increased field of view of the ACS camera, reaching a limiting magnitude of ∼27 and ∼28 ABmag (5σ in 02 apertures) for F275W and F435W, respectively. We present the results of the UVCANDELS observations, custom calibrations, and the creation of F275W and F435W imaging mosaics, which have been made publicly available on the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
\n
\n
Giant star-forming clumps are a prominent feature of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and contain important clues on galaxy formation and evolution. However, the basic demographics of clumps and their host galaxies remain uncertain. Using the Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 F275W images from the Ultraviolet Imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey, we detect and analyze giant star-forming clumps in galaxies at 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 1, connecting two epochs when clumps are common (at cosmic high noon, z ∼ 2) and rare (in the local Universe). We construct a clump sample whose rest-frame 1600 Å luminosity is 3 times higher than the most luminous local H ii regions (MUV ≤ −16 AB). In our sample, 35% ± 3% of low-mass galaxies (log[M∗/M\u2299] < 10) are clumpy (i.e., containing at least one off-center clump). This fraction changes to 22% ± 3% and 22% ± 4% for intermediate (10 ≤ log[M∗/M\u2299] ≤ 10.5) and high-mass (log[M∗/M\u2299] > 10.5) galaxies, in agreement with previous studies. When compared to similar-mass nonclumpy SFGs, low- and intermediate-mass clumpy SFGs tend to have higher star formation rates (SFRs) and bluer rest-frame U − V colors, while high-mass clumpy SFGs tend to be larger than nonclumpy SFGs. However, clumpy and nonclumpy SFGs have similar Sérsic index, indicating a similar underlying density profile. Furthermore, we investigate how the UV luminosity of star-forming regions correlates with the physical properties of host galaxies. On average, more luminous star-forming regions reside in more luminous, smaller, and/or higher specific SFR galaxies and are found closer to their hosts' galactic centers.
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The UltraViolet imaging of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Fields (UVCANDELS) program provides Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/UVIS F275W imaging for four CANDELS fields. We combine this UV imaging with existing HST/near-IR grism spectroscopy from 3D-HST+AGHAST to directly compare the resolved rest-frame UV and Hα emission for a sample of 979 galaxies at 0.7 < z < 1.5, spanning a range in stellar mass of 108−11.5M\u2299. Using a stacking analysis, we perform a resolved comparison between homogenized maps of rest-UV and Hα to compute the average UV-to-Hα luminosity ratio (an indicator of burstiness in star formation) as a function of galactocentric radius. We find that galaxies below stellar mass of ∼109.5M\u2299, at all radii, have a UV-to-Hα ratio higher than the equilibrium value expected from constant star formation, indicating a significant contribution from bursty star formation. Even for galaxies with stellar mass \u2273109.5M\u2299, the UV-to-Hα ratio is elevated toward their outskirts (R/Reff > 1.5), suggesting that bursty star formation is likely prevalent in the outskirts of even the most massive galaxies, but is likely overshadowed by their brighter cores. Furthermore, we present the UV-to-Hα ratio as a function of galaxy surface brightness, a proxy for stellar mass surface density, and find that regions below ∼107.5M\u2299 kpc−2 are consistent with bursty star formation, regardless of their galaxy stellar mass, potentially suggesting that local star formation is independent of global galaxy properties at the smallest scales. Last, we find galaxies at z > 1.1 to have bursty star formation, regardless of radius or surface brightness.
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High-resolution imaging of galaxies in rest-frame UV has revealed the existence of giant star-forming clumps prevalent in high-redshift galaxies. Studying these substructures provides important information about their formation and evolution and informs theoretical galaxy evolution models. We present a new method to identify clumps in galaxies' high-resolution rest-frame UV images. Using imaging data from CANDELS and UVCANDELS, we identify star-forming clumps in an HST/F160W ≤ 25 AB mag sample of 6767 galaxies at 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 3 in four fields, GOODS-N, GOODS-S, EGS, and COSMOS. We use a low-passband filter in Fourier space to reconstruct the background image of a galaxy and detect small-scale features (clumps) on the background-subtracted image. Clumpy galaxies are defined as those having at least one off-center clump that contributes a minimum of 10% of the galaxy's total rest-frame UV flux. We measure the fraction of clumpy galaxies (fclumpy) as a function of stellar mass, redshift, and galaxy environment. Our results indicate that fclumpy increases with redshift, reaching ∼65% at z ∼ 1.5. We also find that fclumpy in low-mass galaxies (9.5\u2a7dlog(\ud835\udc40∗/\ud835\udc40\u2299)\u2a7d10) is 10% higher compared to that of their high-mass counterparts (log(\ud835\udc40∗/\ud835\udc40\u2299)>10.5). Moreover, we find no evidence of significant environmental dependence of fclumpy for galaxies at the redshift range of this study. Our results suggest that the fragmentation of gas clouds under violent disk instability remains the primary driving mechanism for clump formation, and incidents common in dense environments, such as mergers, are not the dominant processes.
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