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The first chapter of this thesis documents a provenance study, in which orthoquartzite clasts deposited in the Miocene Sespe Formation are linked to the Mesoproterozoic Shinumo Quartzite. The Sespe Formation outcrops in the Santa Monica Mountains and the Santa Ana Mountains, both in California. The Shinumo Quartzite outcrops only in Grand Canyon. We determine that the Shinumo Quartzite can be distinguished from other sources that may feed the Sespe Formation through its unique combination of a moderate paleomagnetic inclination and 1.2, 1.4, and 1.7 Ga detrital zircon spectrum peaks. This provenance link places an important constraint on the drainage of a paleo-Colorado River from Grand Canyon during Miocene time.
\r\n\r\nThe second and third chapters of this thesis are hinged upon a geologic mapping project on Isla \u00c1ngel de la Guarda, a microcontinental block, in Baja California, Mexico. A plate reorganization at the end of the late Miocene andesitic arc marks the transfer of Baja California and the not-yet-rifted Isla \u00c1ngel de la Guarda to the Pacific plate from the North American plate. Between 3 and 2 Ma, the plate boundary jumped again, northward along the Ballenas Transform fault. In this Pliocene time, units mapped in this study were deposited.
\r\n\r\nThe oldest units mapped are Miocene-Pliocene volcanic flows, for which we have no lower age constraint. The oldest volcanic flow dated is a Pliocene andesite lava (3.916 \u00b1 0.088 Ma from 40Ar/39Ar). We map Miocene to Pliocene volcanic flows and Pliocene to Quaternary sedimentary units in two field areas. The sedimentary units are probably results of Pliocene rifting-related basin subsidence. Geochemical data from X-ray fluorescence indicate that lavas are compositionally similar to ~12 Ma arc-related rocks mapped in the Puertecitos Volcanic Province. In the southern field area, the sedimentary units are overlain by a Pliocene basaltic andesite with an 40Ar/39Ar age of 2.754 \u00b1 0.021 Ma. We map several NNE-striking faults throughout both field areas, which cut NNW-striking bedding in Pliocene units. The Pliocene volcanic flows and sedimentary units were probably tilted before faulting, and the faults are likely linked to the Northern Salsipuedes Basin, offshore of the island in the Ballenas Channel. Both of these events may be results of 3-2 Ma rifting.
", "date": "2021", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:09212020-084147468", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09212020-084147468", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Publication for Chapter 1.", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02111.1" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EAR 17-28690" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EAR 10-19896" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EAR 14-51055" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EAR 16-49254" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "OPP 13-41729" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Melissa Ray", "suggestions": "Released 2021-12-16 after no response from advisor regarding an extension.\r\n\r\nRestricted to Caltech community only until 29 September 2021 // From author: Still intending to publish work.", "deposited_by": "Leah Sabbeth", "deposited_on": "2020-09-29 23:22:01", "doi": "10.7907/gbcs-9289", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "brian@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Wernicke-B-P", "name": { "family": "Wernicke", "given": "Brian P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-8358", "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "avouac@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Avouac-J-P", "name": { "family": "Avouac", "given": "Jean-Philippe" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3060-8442", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "cbucholz@caltech.edu", "id": "Bucholz-C-E", "name": { "family": "Bucholz", "given": "Claire E." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3252-7109", "role": "member" }, { "email": "grr@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Rossman-G-R", "name": { "family": "Rossman", "given": "George Robert" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4571-6884", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" }, { "email": "brian@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Wernicke-B-P", "name": { "family": "Wernicke", "given": "Brian P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-8358", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2020-07-30", "gradofc_approval_date": "2020-09-29", "thesis_awards": "Women Mentoring Women Candace Rypisi Outstanding Mentor Award, 2018.", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geol" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. 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"main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/102082" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/102082" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/102082" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 10109, "dir": "disk0/00/01/13/44", "datestamp": "2019-01-30 17:38:40", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:24:16", "status_changed": "2019-01-30 17:38:40", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "lithia35@gmail.com", "id": "Witkosky-Rebecca-Amber", "name": { "family": "Witkosky", "given": "Rebecca Amber" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Tectonics in Nevada and Southern California: Subsidence of the Ediacaran Johnnie Formation, Cumulative Offset Along the Lavic Lake Fault, and Geomorphic Surface Development Along the Southern San Andreas Fault", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Johnnie Formation; Ediacaran; tectonic subsidence; chemostratigraphy; Shuram excursion; Lavic Lake fault; Hector Mine earthquake; thermal infrared hyperspectral airborne remote sensing; southern San Andreas fault; desert varnish; clay minerals", "abstract": "While we know the ages and tectonic histories of many critical geologic events in the history of the Earth, there are still questions regarding the timing of key events and structures that have and continue to influence life on this planet. This thesis includes three separate studies in Nevada and southern California: two potential new methods for measuring/organizing geologic time, and also an analysis of the long-term displacement along an active fault in the eastern California shear zone. In Chapter II, we used tectonic subsidence modeling to find that the Shuram carbon isotopic excursion in the Ediacaran Johnnie Formation likely occurred from 585-579 Ma, and that incision of the Rainstorm Member shelf occurred during the 579 Ma Gaskiers glaciation. The pre-Shuram-excursion chemostratigraphic carbon isotope profiles from the Khufai Formation in Oman and the type locality of the Johnnie Formation in Nevada are both generally positive and therefore possibly correlative. In Chapter III, we determined the cumulative tectonic offset along the Lavic Lake fault, an active structure that ruptured with >5 m of coseismic slip in the 1999 Mw 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake. We calculated a net slip of 960 +70/-40 m, based on the slip vector formed by a vertically separated lithologic contact and a horizontally separated older cross fault. The net slip we calculated is significantly less than a previous estimate that was based on an offset magnetic gradient, a disparity that may be explained by considering off-fault deformation, as well as the unknown depth and nature of the source of the magnetic contrast. In Chapter IV, we explored using a new method for the relative dating of Quaternary geomorphic surfaces, which is based on the positive correlation between increased spectral contrast in thermal hyperspectral airborne imagery and surface age. With field data, we found that desert varnish scores, desert pavement scores, and vegetation spacing estimates also correlate positively with surface age, implying that these factors could contribute to the increased spectral contrast in airborne remote sensing spectra. Additionally, the general increase in the band depth of airborne spectra at 9.16 \u03bcm could be due to increasing clay mineral abundance in progressively heavier desert varnish coatings on older surfaces. The positive correlation observed in this study between surface age and spectral contrast in airborne spectra can perhaps be used to develop a method for relative dating of varnished geomorphic surfaces elsewhere. All of the chapters in this thesis are broadly related by the concepts of geologic time and tectonic activity, which are two aspects of modern geology that are intrinsic to the science as a whole.
", "date": "2019", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:01172019-113222535", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01172019-113222535", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 2.", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01678.1" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "1144469" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Melissa Ray", "deposited_by": "Rebecca Witkosky", "deposited_on": "2019-01-30 17:38:40", "doi": "10.7907/XTZX-X107", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "brian@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Wernicke-B-P", "name": { "family": "Wernicke", "given": "Brian P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-8358", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "brian@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Wernicke-B-P", "name": { "family": "Wernicke", "given": "Brian P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-8358", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "ehlmann@caltech.edu", "id": "Ehlmann-B-L", "name": { "family": "Ehlmann", "given": "Bethany L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "role": "member" }, { "email": "grr@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Rossman-G-R", "name": { "family": "Rossman", "given": "George Robert" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4571-6884", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2018-10-12", "gradofc_approval_date": "2019-01-29", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geol" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Witkosky, Rebecca Amber", "advisor_list": "Stock, Joann M. and Wernicke, Brian P.", "comittee_list": "Wernicke, Brian P.; Ehlmann, Bethany L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/7854", "eprint_id": 7854, "rev_number": 34, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/40738", "doc_id": 40738, "rev_number": 7, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/124033", "fileid": 124033, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 40738, "filename": "Skinner_Thesis_06_06_13_am.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "d2aaa8ff90fb1d8ec10113f545b216b3", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 11236824, "mtime": "2013-06-06 22:22:28", "url": "/7854/1/Skinner_Thesis_06_06_13_am.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 7854, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Original. 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"language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/52255" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/52255" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/52255" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 787, "dir": "disk0/00/00/78/54", "datestamp": "2013-06-07 16:39:15", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:25:17", "status_changed": "2013-06-07 16:39:15", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "skinner.all@gmail.com", "id": "Skinner-Steven-Michael", "name": { "family": "Skinner", "given": "Steven Michael" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Plate Tectonic Constraints on Flat Subduction and Paleomagnetic Constraints on Rifting", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "flat subduction, paleomagnetics, rifting", "abstract": "Plate tectonics shapes our dynamic planet through the creation and destruction of lithosphere. This work focuses on increasing our understanding of the processes at convergent and divergent boundaries through geologic and geophysical observations at modern plate boundaries. Recent work had shown that the subducting slab in central Mexico is most likely the flattest on Earth, yet there was no consensus about what caused it to originate. The first chapter of this thesis sets out to systematically test all previously proposed mechanisms for slab flattening on the Mexican case. What we have discovered is that there is only one model for which we can find no contradictory evidence. The lack of applicability of the standard mechanisms used to explain flat subduction in the Mexican example led us to question their applications globally. The second chapter expands the search for a cause of flat subduction, in both space and time. We focus on the historical record of flat slabs in South America and look for a correlation between the shallowing and steepening of slab segments with relation to the inferred thickness of the subducting oceanic crust. Using plate reconstructions and the assumption that a crustal anomaly formed on a spreading ridge will produce two conjugate features, we recreate the history of subduction along the South American margin and find that there is no correlation between the subduction of a bathymetric highs and shallow subduction. These studies have proven that a subducting crustal anomaly is neither a sufficient or necessary condition of flat slab subduction. The final chapter in this thesis looks at the divergent plate boundary in the Gulf of California. Through geologic reconnaissance mapping and an intensive paleomagnetic sampling campaign, we try to constrain the location and orientation of a widespread volcanic marker unit, the Tuff of San Felipe. Although the resolution of the applied magnetic susceptibility technique proved inadequate to contain the direction of the pyroclastic flow with high precision, we have been able to detect the tectonic rotation of coherent blocks as well as rotation within blocks.", "date": "2013", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:06062013-151342444", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:06062013-151342444", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "0911761" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "suggestions": "Steven SkinnerVisible, near infrared, short-wave infrared, and thermal infrared multi-channel remote sensing data, MODIS-ASTER (MASTER), are used to extract geologic information from two volcanic regions in Baja California, Mexico: Tres Virgenes-La Reforma Volcanic Region and the volcanic island of Isla San Luis. The visible and near infrared and short-wave infrared data were atmospherically corrected and classified. The resulting classification roughly delineates surfaces that vary in their secondary minerals. Attempts to identify these minerals using ENVI's Spectral Analyst(TM) were moderately successful.
\r\n\r\nThe analysis of the thermal infrared data utilizes the shift to longer wavelengths in the Reststrahlen band as the mineralogy changes from felsic to mafic to translate the data into values of weight percent SiO2. The results indicate that the general approach tends to underestimate the weight percent SiO2 in the image. This discrepancy is removed with a \"site calibration,\" which provides good results in the calculated weight percent SiO2, with errors of a few percent. However, errors become larger with rugged topography or low solar angle at the time of image acquisition.
\r\n\r\nAnalysis of bathymetric data around Isla San Luis, and consideration of the island's alignment with the Ballenas transform fault zone to the south and volcanic seamounts nearby, suggest Isla San Luis is potentially volcanically active and could be the product of a \"leaky\" transform fault. The results from the image analysis in the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma Volcanic Region show the La Reforma and El Aguajito volcanic centers to be bimodal in composition and verify the most recent volcanism in the Tres Virgenes region to be basaltic-andesite. The results of fieldwork and image analysis indicate that the volcanic products of the central dome of La Reforma are likely a sequence of welded ash flow tuffs and lavas of varied composition, evidence of its origin as a caldera.
\r\n", "date": "2005", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-05262005-150027", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05262005-150027", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Supplement 1 in CaltechDATA: Twenty-eight images of MASTER VNIR-SWIR data from the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma region, Baja California, Mexico", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1051" }, { "description": "Supplement 2 in CaltechDATA: Twenty-eight images of MASTER TIR data from the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma region, Baja California, Mexico", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1052" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "janeed@sas.upenn.edu", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2005-05-26", "doi": "10.7907/DW9V-3831", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "avouac@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Avouac-J-P", "name": { "family": "Avouac", "given": "Jean-Philippe" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3060-8442", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" }, { "email": "simons@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Simons-M", "name": { "family": "Simons", "given": "Mark" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1412-6395", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2005-05-26", "thesis_defense_date": "2004-07-27", "thesis_approved_date": "2005-05-26", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Dmochowski, Jane Ellen", "advisor_list": "Stock, Joann M. and Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Avouac, Jean-Philippe; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/4741", "eprint_id": 4741, "rev_number": 13, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/7618", "doc_id": 7618, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/46651", "fileid": 46651, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 7618, "filename": "ppersaud_thesis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 67595371, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:11:27", "url": "/4741/1/ppersaud_thesis.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 4741, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "ppersaud_thesis.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "ppersaud_thesis.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/24137" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/24137" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/24137" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/24137", "doc_id": 24137, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/46649", "fileid": 46649, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 24137, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "d7154b6816c1b8cd4693a61da3f06544", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 16333, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:11:26", "url": "/4741/2/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 4741, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/124513", "doc_id": 124513, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/369943", "fileid": 369943, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 124513, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "112c2baa9ffc261e5bad0531bb09537c", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 31642, "mtime": "2021-06-23 23:39:11", "url": "/4741/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 4741, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/47/41", "datestamp": "2003-12-19", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:48:55", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 03:25:14", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "ppersaud@lsu.edu", "id": "Persaud-Patricia", "name": { "family": "Persaud", "given": "Patricia" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3462-7023", "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Images of Early Continental Breakup in and around the Gulf of California and the Role of Basal Shear in Producing Wide Plate Boundaries", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Baja California Moho; Ballenas Transform fault; basal shear; Delfin and Wagner basins; distributed deformation; Gulf of California; multiple faults; reflection seismic data; sonobuoy refraction data; young ocean basin", "abstract": "Active faulting in the northern Gulf of California occurs over a broad zone, 70 x 200 km, affecting two-thirds of the width of new crust that has formed there starting at 6 Ma. This is an unusually wide plate boundary zone with a high density of faults and no evidence for the formation of normal oceanic crust. Over 3000 km of high-resolution, multichannel seismic data were used to map out this zone of distributed faulting and identify multiple basins within the broad rift zone. Previously, numerical models have shown that deformation shifts from one place to another by various mechanisms of strengthening of the active rift zone relative to adjacent regions. Models are presented here that for the first time, show the development of multiple active faults across the width of the plate boundary. These models do not rely on strengthening or weakening effects; rather they assume that shear at the base of the brittle crust is distributed and explore the effects of distributed shear on the style of deformation. Addiionally, the effect of obliquity on the style of deformation is studied and the styles of faulting produced in the models represent a wide range of geological structures, ranging from half-grabens to flower structures. The style of faulting in the northern Gulf of California is produced in a model with distributed shear using the published obliquity for this region.
\r\n\r\nOne mechanism for distributing shear at the base of the brittle crust is lower crustal flow. If a significant amount of lower continental crust exists within the Gulf, it may have flowed in the past. A study of the crustal thickness variations in the continental margins of the Gulf is presented here, that shows thinner crust in a ~50 km wide zone close to the Gulf, along the entire eastern Baja California peninsula. This thinned crust is associated with the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith. In contrast, the western part of the batholith has a fairly uniform thickness of 35-40 km. It is possible that at the time of breakup, the lower crust was still behaving ductilely and that some of the lower continental crust from the margins now exists within the Gulf.
", "date": "2004", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-12032003-113513", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12032003-113513", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2003-12-19", "doi": "10.7907/8K9G-SS73", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "dla@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Anderson-D-L", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Donald L." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "avouac@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Avouac-J-P", "name": { "family": "Avouac", "given": "Jean-Philippe" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3060-8442", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" }, { "email": "heaton@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Heaton-T-H", "name": { "family": "Heaton", "given": "Thomas H." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2003-12-03", "thesis_defense_date": "2003-10-27", "thesis_approved_date": "2003-12-19", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Persaud, Patricia", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W. and Stock, Joann M.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Anderson, Donald L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/3477", "eprint_id": 3477, "rev_number": 32, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/6028", "doc_id": 6028, "rev_number": 4, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/35931", "fileid": 35931, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 6028, "filename": "Niemi_2002_duplex.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 15008033, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:00:18", "url": "/3477/1/Niemi_2002_duplex.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 3477, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Full thesis - Niemi_2002_duplex.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": 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"0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/16332" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/16332" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/16332" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/34/77", "datestamp": "2001-09-13", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:55:58", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 02:59:05", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "naniemi@umich.edu", "id": "Niemi-Nathan-Alan", "name": { "family": "Niemi", "given": "Nathan Alan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3380-3024", "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Extensional Tectonics in the Basin and Range Province and the Geology of the Grapevine Mountains, Death Valley Region, California and Nevada", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Cenozoic; geodesy; geologic mapping; paleoseismology; Sevier detachment; stratigraphy; structural geology;\r\nGrapevine Mountains; Death Valley; Basin and Range; Titus Canyon; Cordilleran thrust belt; Cenozoic; geodesy; geologic mapping; paleoseismology; Sevier detachment; stratigraphy; structural geology", "note": "Supplemental Files Information:\r\n\r\nGeologic Map of the Central Grapevine Mountains: Supplement 1 from \"Extensional tectonics in the Basin and Range province and the geology of the Grapevine Mountains, Death Valley region, California and Nevada\" (Thesis).\r\nGeographic Location Bounding Box: -117.0 Degrees East; -117.375 Degrees West; 37.0 Degrees North; 36.8 Degrees South.\r\nDates Collected: 1969;1996/2000.", "abstract": "Geologic mapping provides structural and stratigraphic observations which lead to new insights into the magnitude, timing, and rate of Cenozoic extensional tectonism in the Death Valley region of the Basin and Range province in the western United States. Detailed mapping of the Grapevine Mountains, in northeastern Death Valley, yields new information on the structural evolution of the Titus Canyon anticline, a west-vergent fold of the Cordilleran thrust belt. The Grapevine Mountains contain the longest exposure of west-vergent folding in the Death Valley region, and detailed mapping supports previous interpretation of this structure as a piece of a single, laterally continuous fold, whose extensionally dismembered fragments form a key marker in reconstructions of Basin and Range extension. Such an interpretation suggests >100 km of west-north-west translation of the Grapevine Mountains away from the Sheep Range in late Cenozoic time. Correlation and re-interpretation of Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic strata between the Sheep Range and the Grapevine Mountains indicate that this extension occurred on two separate extensional systems, the Sheep Range detachment system, and the Northeastern Death Valley detachment system. The former was active from 16-14 Ma, while the latter was active from 12.5-8 Ma. In contrast, stratigraphic and sedimentological data from the Eagle Mountain Formation suggests that, although extension across the central Death Valley region accommodated a similar magnitude of extension as the northern Death Valley region, ~100 km, extension across this region occurred post-11 Ma, and largely between 8-6 Ma. New geodetic and paleoseismic data are also presented from the eastern Basin and Range. These data indicate that slow (~4 mm/yr), long term (100s ka) strain accumulation is accommodated, geologically, by short (1000s yr) periods of fast (>1cm/yr) strain release, suggesting that the appearance of diffuse deformation across the eastern Basin and Range is likely due to time-averaging of many temporally discrete high-strain release earthquake clusters. These observations together suggest that the diffuse nature of intra-continental extension in the Basin and Range province may be the result of the summation of many spatially and temporally distinct extensional events, which, when active, progress at very high rates", "date": "2002", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-09122001-155631", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-09122001-155631", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Supplement 1 in CaltechDATA: Geologic Map of the Central Grapevine Mountains", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.841" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2001-09-13", "doi": "10.7907/1HWM-JP59", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "brian@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Wernicke-B-P", "name": { "family": "Wernicke", "given": "Brian P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-8358", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jason@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Saleeby-J-B", "name": { "family": "Saleeby", "given": "Jason B." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "farley@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Farley-K-A", "name": { "family": "Farley", "given": "Kenneth A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7846-7546", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2001-09-12", "thesis_defense_date": "2001-08-16", "thesis_approved_date": "2001-09-13", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geol" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Niemi, Nathan Alan", "advisor_list": "Stock, Joann M.", "comittee_list": "Stock, Joann M.; Wernicke, Brian P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/4350", "eprint_id": 4350, "rev_number": 32, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/7108", "doc_id": 7108, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/43304", "fileid": 43304, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 7108, "filename": "01titlepage.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 30803, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:07:46", "url": "/4350/1/01titlepage.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 4350, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "01titlepage.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "01titlepage.pdf", "media_duration": "0", 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"status_changed": "2009-09-25 03:16:41", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "mibillen@ucdavis.edu", "id": "Billen-Magali-Isabelle", "name": { "family": "Billen", "given": "Magali Isabelle" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7316-1791", "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "I. Seafloor Morphology of the Osbourn Trough and Kermadec Trench and II. Multiscale DynamiCS of Subduction Zones", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "back arc spreading; rheology; stress; upper mantle; water in the mantle", "abstract": "This thesis aims to demonstrate that integration of detailed observations of deformation at short to long length scales with carefully formulated numerical modeling is an effective method for simulating the complex multiscale nature of mantle-lithosphere dynamics. In Part I, marine geophysical observations are used to determine the origin of the Osbourn Trough, a long linear depression within the Pacific Plate seaward of the Tonga-Kermadec Trench, and to determine the elastic strength of the subducting plate within the Kermadec Trench. Based on the morphology of the seafloor from swath bathymetry mapping and modeling of magnetic data, we conclude that the Osbourn Trough is an extinct spreading center which stopped spreading about 72 million years ago. Swath bathymetry mapping within the Kermadec Trench reveals extensive faulting within the trench on the subducting plate, with oblique grabens aligned perpendicular to the absolute plate motion direction. Using isostatic flexural response methods, we find that the flexural rigidity (1e19-1e20 Nm) is smaller than normally found for old oceanic lithosphere reflecting a local reduction in the strength of the plate.
\r\n\r\nIn Part II, regional 3-D dynamic models of the Tonga-Kermadec and Aleutian subduction zones are used to constrain lateral variations in viscosity in the upper mantle. Modeling of the dynamic topography of the overriding plate for the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone requires a low viscosity and low density (-20 kg/m\u00b3) region within the wedge above the slab to decouple the slab-induced flow from. These efforts lead to a good fit to the observed shallow bathymetry on the overriding plate for a model with a slab density anomaly due to temperature of ~80 kg/m\u00b3. However, the geoid anomaly above the subduction zone is too large by 20-40 m at length scales of 100-1000 km. A reduction of the slab density by a factor of 1.5 is needed to match both the geoid and topography, suggesting the density anomaly of the slab due to temperature is compensated within the upper mantle (~100-300 km). Similar modeling for the Aleutians including a narrower low viscosity region and smaller density anomaly (-10 kg/m\u00b3) in the wedge is able to fit the geoid and topography without reducing the slab density.
", "date": "2002", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-11012001-142941", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11012001-142941", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2001-11-06", "doi": "10.7907/W46E-ZY34", "alt_title": { "items": [ "Seafloor morphology of the Osbourn Trough and Kermadec Trench", "Multiscale DynamiCS of Subduction Zones" ] }, "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "gurnis@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1704-597X", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "djs@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stevenson-D-J", "name": { "family": "Stevenson", "given": "David John" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9432-7159", "role": "member" }, { "email": "eiler@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Eiler-J-M", "name": { "family": "Eiler", "given": "John M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5768-7593", "role": "member" }, { "email": "simons@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Simons-M", "name": { "family": "Simons", "given": "Mark" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1412-6395", "role": "member" }, { "email": "gurnis@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1704-597X", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2001-11-01", "thesis_defense_date": "2001-10-23", "thesis_approved_date": "2001-11-06", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Billen, Magali Isabelle", "advisor_list": "Stock, Joann M. and Gurnis, Michael C.", "comittee_list": "Stock, Joann M.; Stevenson, David John; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/4657", "eprint_id": 4657, "rev_number": 64, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/7508", "doc_id": 7508, "rev_number": 12, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/45922", "fileid": 45922, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 7508, "filename": "cinco_bw.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 2015966, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:10:39", "url": "/4657/1/cinco_bw.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 4657, "pos": 1, "placement": 10, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Plate IV (b&w)", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "cinco_bw.pdf", 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"media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7512" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7512" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7512" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/46/57", "datestamp": "2001-11-28", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:59:00", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 03:23:00", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "meoskin@ucdavis.edu", "id": "Oskin-Michael-Eugene", "name": { "family": "Oskin", "given": "Michael Eugene" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6631-5326", "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Part I. Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico, Deduced from Conjugate Rifted Margins of the Upper Delf\u00edn Basin. Part II. Active Folding and Seismic Hazard in Central Los Angeles, California", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Blind thrust; continental rupture; correlation; Delf\u00edn basin; Elysian Park; extension; folding; geology; Gulf of California; ignimbrite; Isla Tibur\u00f3n; Los Angeles; Mexico; Puertecitos Volcanic Province; Sonora", "note": "Supplemental Files Information:\r\n\r\nGeologic map of a part of central coastal Sonora, Mexico: Supplement 1 from \"Part I. Tectonic evolution of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, deduced from conjugate rifted margins of the Upper Delf\u00edn Basin. Part II. Active folding and seismic hazard in central Los Angeles, California\" (Thesis).\r\nDate(s) Collected: 1998/2000.\r\n\r\nGeologic map of western Isla Tibur\u00f3n \u2013 Northern section: Supplement 2 from \"Part I. Tectonic evolution of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, deduced from conjugate rifted margins of the Upper Delf\u00edn Basin. Part II. Active folding and seismic hazard in central Los Angeles, California\" (Thesis).\r\nDate(s) Collected: 1998/2000.\r\n\r\nGeologic map of western Isla Tibur\u00f3n \u2013 Central section: Supplement 3 from \"Part I. Tectonic evolution of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, deduced from conjugate rifted margins of the Upper Delf\u00edn Basin. Part II. Active folding and seismic hazard in central Los Angeles, California\" (Thesis).\r\nDate(s) Collected: 1998/2000.\r\n\r\nGeologic map of western Isla Tibur\u00f3n \u2013 Southern section: Supplement 4 from \"Part I. Tectonic evolution of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, deduced from conjugate rifted margins of the Upper Delf\u00edn Basin. Part II. Active folding and seismic hazard in central Los Angeles, California\" (Thesis).\r\nDate(s) Collected: 1998/2000.\r\n\r\nGeologic map of Cinco Isla, Baja California: Supplement 5 from \"Part I. Tectonic evolution of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, deduced from conjugate rifted margins of the Upper Delf\u00edn Basin. Part II. Active folding and seismic hazard in central Los Angeles, California\" (Thesis).\r\nDate(s) Collected: 1995/2000.\r\n\r\nCross-sections to accompany: Geologic map of western Isla Tibur\u00f3n, Sonora, Mexico: Supplement 6 from \"Part I. Tectonic evolution of the northern Gulf of California, Mexico, deduced from conjugate rifted margins of the Upper Delf\u00edn Basin. Part II. Active folding and seismic hazard in central Los Angeles, California\" (Thesis).", "abstract": "Part I of this thesis addresses the tectonic evolution of the Pacific-North America plate boundary through northwest Mexico and its implications for rifting processes. Offset ignimbrites support 255\u00b110 km of opening across the Upper Delf\u00edn basin of the northern Gulf of California. Additional deformation from the continental margins supports 296\u00b117 km total plate boundary displacement between coastal Sonora and the Main Gulf Escarpment in Baja California, of which at least 276\u00b113 km occurred since ~6 Ma. This strain history requires that the plate boundary localized into the the northern Gulf of California during latest Miocene time. Only a narrow width of upper continental crust foundered into the Upper Delf\u00edn basin, such that most of the crust between Isla Tibur\u00f3n and Baja California must be new transitional oceanic crust and possibly lower continental crust contributed by inflow from the rift flanks. Extension of the margins of the Upper and Lower Delf\u00edn basins is <40% in most places, though the whole crustal column may have been thinned by a factor of two, further supporting that lower crustal flow has operated here. Opening of the Upper Delf\u00edn basin was accompanied by a steady or increased strain rate on its continental margins, contrary to the expected rheology of a narrow continental rift. Reevaluation of a critical deposit of marine rocks on Isla Tibur\u00f3n indicates that initial marine incursion in the northern Gulf of California also occurred during latest Miocene time. Together, these records suggest that opening of the Upper Delf\u00edn basin was an abrupt event, accompanied by a localized zone of intense extension, marine incursion, and a rapid increase in strain rate. Continental rupture in the Upper Delf\u00edn basin does not appear to have been a response to crustal weakening by intracontinental extension, but rather may have resulted from a significant increase in strain rate, brought on by a change in boundary forces. Part II of this thesis develops methods to estimate seismic hazard from blind reverse faults by analysis of fault-related folding of Late Quaternary strata, with application to the Elysian Park anticline of Los Angeles, California.
", "date": "2002", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-11252001-103911", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11252001-103911", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Supplement 1 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of a part of central coastal Sonora, Mexico", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1053" }, { "description": "Supplement 2 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of western Isla Tibur\u00f3n \u2013 Northern section", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1054" }, { "description": "Supplement 3 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of western Isla Tibur\u00f3n \u2013 Central section", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1055" }, { "description": "Supplement 4 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of western Isla Tibur\u00f3n \u2013 Southern section", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1056" }, { "description": "Supplement 5 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of Cinco Isla, Baja California", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1057" }, { "description": "Supplement 6 in CaltechDATA: Cross-sections to accompany: Geologic map of western Isla Tibur\u00f3n, Sonora, Mexico", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1058" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 4.", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029%3C0459:rlopna%3E2.0.co;2" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 9.", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112%3C693:apfote%3E2.0.co;2" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Melissa Ray", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2001-11-28", "doi": "10.7907/4TQK-NH19", "alt_title": { "items": [ "Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Gulf of California, Mexico, Deduced from Conjugate Rifted Margins of the Upper Delf\u00edn Basin", "Active Folding and Seismic Hazard in Central Los Angeles, California" ] }, "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Sieh-K-E", "name": { "family": "Sieh", "given": "Kerry E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7311-2447", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Sieh-K-E", "name": { "family": "Sieh", "given": "Kerry E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7311-2447", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "eiler@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Eiler-J-M", "name": { "family": "Eiler", "given": "John M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5768-7593", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jason@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Saleeby-J-B", "name": { "family": "Saleeby", "given": "Jason B." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" }, { "email": "brian@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Wernicke-B-P", "name": { "family": "Wernicke", "given": "Brian P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-8358", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2001-11-25", "thesis_defense_date": "2001-10-23", "thesis_approved_date": "2001-11-28", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geol" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Oskin, Michael Eugene", "advisor_list": "Stock, Joann M. and Sieh, Kerry E.", "comittee_list": "Sieh, Kerry E.; Eiler, John M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/3276", "eprint_id": 3276, "rev_number": 23, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/5779", "doc_id": 5779, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/34261", "fileid": 34261, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 5779, "filename": "thesis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 2117873, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:58:40", "url": "/3276/1/thesis.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 3276, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "thesis.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/22320" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/22320" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/22320" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/22320", "doc_id": 22320, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/34259", "fileid": 34259, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 22320, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "74b6adc844115e3e00bd0f7b65186a2e", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 12166, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:58:40", "url": "/3276/2/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 3276, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/123502", "doc_id": 123502, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/368917", "fileid": 368917, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 123502, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "eb5d5f8f3804b7e4fa4f861bf40d9fcd", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 41232, "mtime": "2021-06-23 22:42:41", "url": "/3276/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 3276, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/32/76", "datestamp": "2001-09-06", "lastmod": "2022-08-24 23:24:49", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 02:55:43", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Eisner-Leo", "name": { "family": "Eisner", "given": "Leo" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "A Reciprocity Method for Multiple Source Simulations", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "earthquakes; equivalent medium parameters; finite difference; inversion; numerical modeling; reciprocity; seismic hazard; seismology", "abstract": "This thesis develops and applies the reciprocity method to assess the seismic site and path effects at a chosen location of interest. To do this, we show that the reciprocity theorem is valid for this application, and develop a technique to represent velocity models of sedimentary basins. Using these tools we test the accuracy of synthetic seismograms computed for southern California. Finally, we apply the reciprocity technique to evaluate the site and path effects for three selected sites in southern California.
\r\n\r\nThe first chapter describes the reciprocity method for simulating seismograms due to multiple earthquake sources at a site of interest. It shows a theoretical proof of the method and discusses the practical implementation and accuracy for the finite difference technique. The numerical tests show that the reciprocal simulations can be performed with the same level of accuracy as the forward calculations.
\r\n\r\nThe second chapter develops a new methodology to represent models of sedimentary basins with extremely low near surface velocities by replacing these velocities with equivalent medium parameters for a finite frequency signal. The new model has a higher minimum velocity, which makes the numerical simulations feasible, and minimizes the difference between the seismograms from the original and new model.
\r\n\r\nThe third chapter validates the velocity model by comparing synthetics and data. It applies the reciprocity method and compares the full waveform synthetic seismograms with a large number of weak motion data. The discrepancies between the predicted waveforms and the data are interpreted by analyzing the attributes of seismograms to find regions of the model that are in error.
\r\n\r\nFinally the reciprocity technique is applied to calculate site and path effects in the Los Angeles area for three selected sites by simulating 75 source scenarios on 5 major southern California faults. The largest amplitudes at the selected sites are obtained from earthquakes on local faults rather than an earthquake on the San Andreas fault.
", "date": "2001", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-08302001-030958", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08302001-030958", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2001-09-06", "doi": "10.7907/Y9S0-0S33", "alt_title": { "items": [ "Reciprocity Method in Seismology" ] }, "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "co-advisor" }, { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" }, { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "hiroo@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8219-9428", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jason@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Saleeby-J-B", "name": { "family": "Saleeby", "given": "Jason B." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2001-08-30", "thesis_defense_date": "2001-03-01", "thesis_approved_date": "2001-09-06", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Eisner, Leo", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Stock, Joann M.; et el.", "comittee_list": "Stock, Joann M.; Clayton, Robert W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/7626", "eprint_id": 7626, "rev_number": 29, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/37310", "doc_id": 37310, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/116446", "fileid": 116446, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 37310, "filename": "Liu_c_1999.zip", "mime_type": "application/x-zip", "hash": "e230d90585bfb7bc412d6c1bea9ca51b", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 115305880, "mtime": "2013-04-23 15:51:42", "url": "/7626/1/Liu_c_1999.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 7626, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/x-zip", "format": "application/zip", "format_desc": "TIFF", "language": "en", 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"uri": "/id/document/37311" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/37311" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 87, "dir": "disk0/00/00/76/26", "datestamp": "2013-04-23 17:16:14", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 20:08:32", "status_changed": "2013-04-23 17:16:14", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Liu-Cangli", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Cangli" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "I. Rigid Body Penetration into Brittle Material. II. Phase Change Effect on Shock Wave Propagation", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geophysics ", "note": "Title varies slightly in 2001 Commencement program: \"1. Rigid Body Penetration into Brittle Material. 2. Phase Change Effect on Shock Wave Propagation\".", "abstract": "Part I.
\r\n\r\nWe have developed a technique for measuring the depth time history of rigid body penetration into brittle materials (hard rocks and concretes) under a deceleration of ~ 105 g. The technique includes bar-coded projectile, sabot-projectile separation,\r\ndetection and recording systems. Because the technique can give very dense data on penetration depth time history, penetration velocity can be deduced. Error analysis shows that the technique has a small intrinsic error of ~ 3-4 % in time during penetration, and 0.3 to 0.7 mm in penetration depth. A series of 4140 steel projectile penetration into G-mixture mortar targets have been conducted using the Caltech 40 mm gas/ powder gun in the velocity range of 100 to 500 m/s.
\r\n\r\nWe report, for the first time, the whole depth-time history of rigid body penetration into brittle materials (the G-mixture mortar) under 105 g deceleration. Based on the experimental results, including penetration depth time history, damage of recovered target and projectile materials and theoretical analysis, we find:
\r\n\r\n1. Target materials are damaged via compacting in the region in front of a projectile and via brittle radial and lateral crack propagation in the region surrounding the penetration path. The results suggest that expected cracks in front of penetrators may be stopped by a comminuted region that is induced by wave propagation. Aggregate erosion on the projectile lateral surface is < 20% of the final penetration depth. This result suggests that the effect of lateral friction on the penetration process can be ignored.
\r\n\r\n2. Final penetration depth, Pmax, is linearly scaled with initial projectile energy per unit cross-section area, es , when targets are intact after impact. Based on the experimental data on the mortar targets, the relation is Pmax(mm) 1.15es (J/mm2 ) + 16.39.
\r\n\r\n3. Estimation of the energy needed to create an unit penetration volume suggests that the average pressure acting on the target material during penetration is ~ 10 to 20 times higher than the unconfined strength of target materials under quasi-static loading, and 3 to 4 times higher than the possible highest pressure due to friction and material strength and its rate dependence. In addition, the\r\nexperimental data show that the interaction between cracks and the target free surface significantly affects the penetration process.
\r\n\r\n4. Based on the fact that the penetration duration, tmax, increases slowly with es and does not depend on projectile radius approximately, the dependence of tmax on projectile length is suggested to be described by tmax(\u03bcs) = 2.08es (J/mm2 + 349.0 x m/(\u03c0R2), in which m is the projectile mass in grams and R is the projectile radius in mm. The prediction from this relation is in reasonable agreement with the experimental data for different projectile lengths.
\r\n\r\n5. Deduced penetration velocity time histories suggest that whole penetration history is divided into three stages: (1) An initial stage in which the projectile velocity change is small due to very small contact area between the projectile and target materials; (2) A steady penetration stage in which projectile velocity continues to decrease smoothly; (3) A penetration stop stage in which projectile deceleration jumps up when velocities are close to a critical value of ~ 35 m/s.
\r\n\r\n6. Deduced averaged deceleration, a, in the steady penetration stage for projectiles with same dimensions is found to be a(g) = 192.4v + 1.89 x 104, where v is initial projectile velocity in m/s. The average pressure acting on target materials during penetration is estimated to be very comparable to shock wave pressure.
\r\n\r\n7. A similarity of penetration process is found to be described by a relation between normalized penetration depth, P/Pmax, and normalized penetration time, t/tmax, as P/Pmax = f(t/tmax, where f is a function of t/tmax. After f(t/tmax is determined using experimental data for projectiles with 150 mm length, the penetration depth time history for projectiles with 100 mm length predicted by this relation is in good agreement with experimental data. This similarity also predicts that average deceleration increases with decreasing projectile length, that is verified by the experimental data.
\r\n\r\n8. Based on the penetration process analysis and the present data, a first principle model for rigid body penetration is suggested. The model incorporates the models for contact area between projectile and target materials, friction coefficient, penetration stop criterion, and normal stress on the projectile surface. The most important assumptions used in the model are: (1) The penetration process can be treated as a series of impact events, therefore, pressure normal to projectile surface is estimated using the Hugoniot relation of target material; (2) The necessary condition for penetration is that the pressure acting on target materials is not lower than the Hugoniot elastic limit; (3) The friction force on projectile lateral surface can be ignored due to cavitation during penetration. All the parameters involved in the model are determined based on independent experimental data. The penetration depth time histories predicted from the model are in good agreement with the experimental data.
\r\n\r\n9. Based on planar impact and previous quasi-static experimental data, the strain rate dependence of the mortar compressive strength is described by \u03c3f/\u03c30f = exp(0.0905(log(\u03ad/\u03ad_0) 1.14, in the strain rate range of 10-7/s to 103/s (\u03c30f and \u03ad are reference compressive strength and strain rate, respectively). The non-dispersive\r\nHugoniot elastic wave in the G-mixture has an amplitude of ~ 0.14 GPa and a velocity of ~ 4.3 km/s.
\r\n\r\nPart II.
\r\n\r\nStress wave profiles in vitreous GeO2 were measured using piezoresistance gauges in the pressure range of 5 to 18 GPa under planar plate and spherical projectile impact. Experimental data show that the response of vitreous GeO2 to planar shock loading\r\ncan be divided into three stages: (1) A ramp elastic precursor has peak amplitude of 4 GPa and peak particle velocity of 333 m/s. Wave velocity decreases from initial longitudinal elastic wave velocity of 3.5 km/s to 2.9 km/s at 4 GPa; (2) A ramp wave with amplitude of 2.11 GPa follows the precursor when peak loading pressure is 8.4 GPa. Wave velocity drops to the value below bulk wave velocity in this stage; (3) A shock wave achieving final shock state forms when peak pressure is > 6 GPa. The Hugoniot relation is D = 0.917 + 1.711u (km/s) using present data and the data of Jackson and Ahrens [1979] when shock wave pressure is between 6 and 40 GPa for \u03c10 = 3.655 gj cm3 . Based on the present data, the phase change from 4-fold to 6-fold coordination of Ge+4 with O-2 in vitreous GeO2 occurs in the pressure range of 4 to 15 \u00b1 1 GPa under planar shock loading. Comparison of the shock loading data for\r\nfused SiO2 to that on vitreous GeO2 demonstrates that transformation to the rutile structure in both media are similar. The Hugoniots of vitreous GeO2 and fused SiO2 are found to coincide approximately if pressure in fused SiO2 is scaled by the ratio of fused SiO2to vitreous GeO2 density. This result, as well as the same structure, provides the basis for considering vitreous Ge02 as an analogous material to fused SiO2 under shock loading. Experimental results from the spherical projectile impact demonstrate: (1) The supported elastic shock in fused SiO2 decays less rapidly than a linear elastic wave when elastic wave stress amplitude is higher than 4 GPa. The supported elastic shock in vitreous GeO2 decays faster than a linear elastic wave; (2) In vitreous GeO2 , unsupported shock waves decays with peak pressure in the phase transition range (4-15 GPa) with propagation distance, x, as \u03b1 1/x-3.35 , close to the prediction of Chen et al. [1998]. Based on a simple analysis on spherical wave propagation, we find that the different decay rates of a spherical elastic wave in fused SiO2 and vitreous GeO2 is predictable on the base of the compressibility variation with stress under one-dimensional strain condition in the two materials.
\r\n\r\n", "date": "1999", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:04232013-084302487", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04232013-084302487", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "U.S. Army Research Office" }, { "agency": "U.S. Air Force Research Office" }, { "agency": "NASA" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_by": "Benjamin Perez", "deposited_on": "2013-04-23 17:16:14", "doi": "10.7907/w8gc-n615", "alt_title": { "items": [ "1. Rigid Body Penetration into Brittle Material. 2. Phase Change Effect on Shock Wave Propagation" ] }, "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "co-chair" }, { "id": "Ravichandran-G", "name": { "family": "Ravichandran", "given": "Guruswami" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2912-0001", "role": "co-chair" }, { "id": "Ustundag-E", "name": { "family": "Ustundag", "given": "Ersan" }, "role": "co-chair" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1999-05-17", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "option_minor": { "items": [ "aeronautics" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Liu, Cangli", "advisor_list": "Ahrens, Thomas J. and Stock, Joann M.", "comittee_list": "Stock, Joann M.; Ahrens, Thomas J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/16202", "eprint_id": 16202, "rev_number": 26, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/140415", "doc_id": 140415, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/418610", "fileid": 418610, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 140415, "filename": "Holland_KG_1997.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "824b059f75f952b56576a6eff6166dd9", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 30615462, "mtime": "2023-10-06 18:21:35", "url": "/16202/1/Holland_KG_1997.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 16202, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Holland_KG_1997.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/140416", "doc_id": 140416, "rev_number": 6, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/418612", "fileid": 418612, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 140416, "filename": "Holland_KG_1997.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "hash": "ab3a6fc195fb357b8886c617c988133d", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 88144721, "mtime": "2023-10-06 18:21:44", "url": "/16202/2/Holland_KG_1997.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 16202, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "application/zip", "format": "application/zip", "format_desc": "source files", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Holland_KG_1997.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "archival" }, { "id": "/id/document/140417", "doc_id": 140417, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/418616", "fileid": 418616, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 140417, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "94125210be46e76f13fa235bc7bef763", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 18242, "mtime": "2023-10-06 18:26:35", "url": "/16202/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 16202, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/140415" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/140415" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/140415" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 51, "dir": "disk0/00/01/62/02", "datestamp": "2023-10-09 19:12:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-09 19:13:32", "status_changed": "2023-10-09 19:12:58", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Holland-Kathleen-Gabrielle", "name": { "family": "Holland", "given": "Kathleen Gabrielle" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Phase Changes and Transport Properties of Geophysical Materials Under Shock Loading", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geophysics", "abstract": "The lower mantle of the Earth is believed to be largely composed of (Mg, Fe)O (magnesiowiistite) and (Mg,Fe)SiO\u2083 (perovskite); thus the high pressure phase of (Mg,Fe)\u2082SiO\u2084 (olivine), which is believed to be perovskite plus magnesiowiistite is of geophysical interest. Radiative temperatures of single-crystal olivine starting material [(Mg_(0.9), Fe_(0.1))\u2082SiO\u2084] decreased abruptly from 7040 \u00b1 315 to 4300 \u00b1 270 K upon shock compression above 80 GPa. The data indicate that an upper bound to the solidus of the magnesiowiistite and perovskite assemblage at 4300 \u00b1 270 K is 130 \u00b1 3 GPa. These conditions correspond to those for partial melting at the base of the mantle, as has been suggested to occur within the recently discovered ultra-low-velocity zone (ULVZ) beneath the Central Pacific. We construct speculative high pressure phase diagrams for the MgO - SiO\u2082 system using experimental data from our work, and other mineral physics experiments.
\r\n\r\nIn separate experiments, time dependent shock temperatures were measured for stainless steel (SS) films sandwiched between two transparent Al\u2082O\u2083 anvils. The anvil material was the same as the driver material so that there would be symmetric heat flow from the sample. Inferred Hugoniot temperatures, T_h, of 5000 - 8500\u00b1500 Kat 222- 321 GPa are consistent with previous measurements in SS. Temperatures at the film\u00ad anvil interface (T_i), which are directly measured (rather than T_h) indicate that T_i did not decrease measurably during the approximately 250 ns that the shock wave took to traverse the Al\u2082O\u2083 anvil. Thus an upper bound is obtained for the thermal diffusivity of Al\u2082O\u2083 at the metal/anvil interface of K \u2264 14 \u00b1 5 cm\u00b2/s at 208 GPa and 2110 K. This is a factor of 1.6 lower than previously calculated values, resulting in a decrease of the inferred T_h by at least 400 K. The observed shock temperatures are combined with temperatures calculated from measured Hugoniots and are used to calculate the thermal conductivity of Al\u2082O\u2083. There was no measurable radiant-intensity decrease during the time when the shock wave propagated through the anvil; we infer from this that Al\u2082O\u2083 remained transparent while in the shocked state. Thus an Al\u2082O\u2083 anvil is sufficiently transparent for shock temperature measurements for metals, to at least 240 GPa.
\r\n\r\nFinally, shock temperature experiments employing a six-channel pyrometer were conducted on 200, 500, and 1000 \u00c5 thick films of Fe sandwiched between 3 mm thick anvils of Al\u2082O\u2083 and LiF, to measure the thermal diffusivity ratios of Al\u2082O\u2083/Fe and LiF/Fe, at high temperatures and pressures. Temperature decays of 3000 \u00b1 800 K in 250 ns were observed at Fe pressures of 194 - 303 GPa, which reflect the conduction of heat from the thin metal films into the anvil material. These results were achieved in experiments employing LiF anvils at 164 - 166 GPa and 4190 - 4220 K, and Al2O3 anvils at 196 - 303 GPa and 1410 - 2750 K. Thermal modeling of interface temperature versus time yields best fit thermal diffusivity ratios ranging from 15 \u00b1 30 to 80 \u00b1 20 (Fe/anvil) over the pressure and temperature range of the experiments. Calculated thermal conductivities for Fe, using electron gas theory, of 110 - 212 W /mK are used to calculate thermal conductivities for the anvil materials ranging from 6 to 12 W/mK. Debye theory predicts higher values of 8 to 34 W/mK. Data from previous experiments on thick (\u2265 100\u00b5m) films of Fe and stainless steel are combined with our present results from experiments on thin (\u2264 1000 \u00c5) films to infer a 5860 \u00b1 390 K Hugoniot temperature for the onset of melting of iron at 243 GPa. Our results address the question of whether radiation observed in shock temperature experiments on metals originates from the metal at the metal/ anvil interface or from the shocked anvil. We conclude that the photon flux from the shocked iron/anvil sandwich recorded in all experiments originates from the metal. Within the uncertainties of the shock temperature data, the uncertainties in shock temperatures resulting from the radiation from the anvils is negligible. This is in direct disagreement with previous conclusions of Kondo.
", "date": "1999", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:10062023-181634008", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10062023-181634008", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_on": "2023-10-09 19:12:58", "doi": "10.7907/cbd3-mk54", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Stevenson-D-J", "name": { "family": "Stevenson", "given": "David John" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9432-7159", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Wyllie-P-J", "name": { "family": "Wyllie", "given": "Peter J." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1704-597X", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1997-05-29", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Holland, Kathleen Gabrielle", "advisor_list": "Ahrens, Thomas J. and Stock, Joann M.", "comittee_list": "Stock, Joann M.; Ahrens, Thomas J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/5932", "eprint_id": 5932, "rev_number": 30, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/10498", "doc_id": 10498, "rev_number": 8, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/72403", "fileid": 72403, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 10498, "filename": "Zajac_bj_1998.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 13435545, "mtime": "2012-12-26 04:29:05", "url": "/5932/1/Zajac_bj_1998.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 5932, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Black & white images", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": 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"Zajac-Blair-J", "name": { "family": "Zajac", "given": "Blair J." }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "The State of Stress as Inferred from Deviated Boreholes: Constraints on the Tectonics of Offshore Central California and Cook Inlet, Alaska", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "stress, boreholes, tectonics, Cook Inlet, central California", "abstract": "This thesis introduces a new method of constraining the vector directions of the three principal stresses and their relative magnitudes, by using borehole breakouts in non-vertical drill holes. Unlike older stress state measurements from breakouts, this work does not presume that one of the principal stresses is Vertical. This method has important uses in complicated three-dimensional structures, such as in the Los Angeles basin, and in oil drilling applications.
\r\n\r\nChapter 1 discusses why knowledge of the three-dimensional stress tensor is relevant to today's science and examines the applications of the stress state determination technique discussed herein. The history of previous work is also described.
\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 2 I discuss the techniques of determining the stress tensor from borehole breakouts, examining the physics of borehole breakouts, the theory of the inversion technique used, and data processing issues. The theory and data processing issues are not discussed separately in this work, since data processing issues often prompted new theoretical techniques. I first examine the physics of borehole breakouts and how the orientation of breakouts on the borehole wall relates to the local stress field. A new borehole breakout selection scheme which takes into account highly non-vertical boreholes is then presented along with a discussion of the real world problems of data gathering, identification, and processing. Having selected a borehole breakout data set using the criteria, I invert for the best fitting stress state using a new technique combining genetic algorithms and non- differential function optimizers. Finally, I present a way in which 95% confidence limits can be placed on the resulting stress tensor.
\r\n\r\nWith all of the technical and theoretical pieces in place, I now examine several different data sets. Chapter 3 examines a borehole breakout data set publish by Qian and Pedersen [1991] from the Siljan Deep Drilling Project in Sweden and demonstrates that even for simple borehole breakout data sets, the stress state inversions assuming a vertical principal stress direction may fall outside of the 95% confidence limits of an inversion allowing non-vertical principal stress directions. My technique of displaying the borehole breakout data makes the data quality more obvious as compared to the way Qian and Pedersen [1991] plotted the data.
\r\n\r\nChapter 4 examines a borehole breakout data set from the offshore Santa Maria Basin, California. This analysis presents vertical borehole breakout data that represent a maximum horizontal principal stress direction of N7\u00b0E, roughly consistent with other earthquake focal mechanism, GPS, and borehole breakout studies in the area. However, the stress state inversion of breakouts identified in the vertical and a limited number of nearly horizontal boreholes suggests a stress state very different from any other stress state results. This could imply that the three dimensional stress in the Santa Maria Basin is very complicated. However, given the limited amount of borehole breakouts identified in nearly horizontal wells, the stress state results from this data set are inconclusive.
\r\n\r\nChapter 5 examines the largest data set used in this study, from a series of oil wells in Cook Inlet, Alaska. These are borehole caliper arm data from 21 different wells reaching a maximum deviation of 54\u00b0 and 3,223 m true vertical depth. Stress state inversions of 31 different subsets of the borehole breakout data were performed. Inversion of breakouts identified in the top two of three marker beds analyzed in wells drilled from the Baker platform identified nearly degenerate thrust faulting stress states with the maximum principal stress axis, S_1, oriented horizontally WNWESE, perpendicular to the NNE-trending anticlinal structures. The stress state from the deepest marker is also a nearly degenerate thrust faulting stress state with S_1 oriented NNW\u2014SSE, aligned with the regional direction of relative plate motion between the North American and Pacific plates. In between the shallow and deep stress state is an apparent normal faulting stress state with S_2 oriented subhorizontally ENE\u2014WSW. This clockwise rotation of the stress tensor as a function of depth suggests that the stress field changes with depth, from a shallow stress state responsible for the local NNE-trending structures to a deeper one from the North American and Pacific plates' collision zone. The observed normal faulting stress state between the two thrust faulting stress states is anomalous and may represent some sort of transition from the shallow to the deep stress state. Stress state profiles in 500 m true vertical depth (TVD) intervals show consistently oriented thrust faulting stress regimes with NNW\u2014SSE trending S_1 azimuths. The thrust faulting S_3 principal stress direction is consistently within 30\u00b0 of vertical, suggesting that while the assumption of a purely vertical principal stress direction is not valid, the stress tensor does not significantly rotate away from the surface conditions that require a purely vertical stress tensor. The nearly degenerate thrust faulting stress states determined from the Granite Point and the 10.8 km distant Baker platform breakouts are nearly identical, implying that the technique of using deviated borehole breakouts to invert for the regional stress is valid. The orientations of the maximum horizontal stress determined from the Cook Inlet borehole breakouts are consistent with other stress indicators in south-central Alaska and consistent with the direction of relative plate motion between the North American Plate and the Pacific plate. The S_1 axis for the Cook Inlet field trends due south plunging 3\u00b0. The 95% confidence limits allow the S_1 azimuth to vary from N156\u00b0E to N195\u00b0E and the plunge to vary from 10\u00b0 to -4\u00b0. This stress state does not appear representative of the stress field for each subset of breakouts. The Granite Point S1 axis trends N19\u00b0W plunging 3\u00b0; the 95% confidence limits allow the azimuth to vary from N42\u00b0W to N7\u00b0E and the plunge to vary from 1\u00b0 to 6\u00b0. The Baker platform S_1 axis trends N170\u00b0E plunging 8\u00b0; the 95% confidence limits on S_1 allow its azimuth to vary from N139\u00b0E to N191\u00b0E and its plunge to vary from 1\u00b0 to 15\u00b0. Finally, the Dillon platform S_1 axis trends N69\u00b0W plunging 2\u00b0; the 95% confidence limits constrain the S_1 azimuth from N268\u00b0E to N324\u00b0E and the plunge from 8\u00b0 to -4\u00b0. The more westerly orientation of S_1 at the Dillon platform may be related to the local NNE-trending anticlinal structures in the Cook Inlet Basin.
\r\n\r\nChapter 6 concludes and summarized the results and conclusions from the thesis.
\r\n\r\nThe first appendix contains in minute detail some of the mathematics describing the boreholes, breakouts, and coordinate system rotations used to perform this work. The second appendix contains the individual discussion and plots of the raw dipmeter data from all of the Cook Inlet, Alaska wells.
", "date": "1998", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:06072010-160325894", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:06072010-160325894", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_on": "2010-06-08 21:22:17", "doi": "10.7907/S3V0-3M43", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." } } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." }, "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1704-597X", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Saleeby-J-B", "name": { "family": "Saleeby", "given": "Jason B." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1997-05-13", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. 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"show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Nagy-Elizabeth-Ann", "name": { "family": "Nagy", "given": "Elizabeth Ann" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Extensional Deformation and Volcanism Within the Northern Puertecitos Volcanic Province, Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, Mexico", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Baja California, Gulf Extensional Province, Sierra Santa Isabel, breccias, pyroclastic flow, Agua Blanca Fault, gps, thesis, phd", "note": "Supplemental Files Information:\r\n\r\nGeologic map of northern Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, Mexico: Supplement 1 from \"Extensional deformation and volcanism within the northern puertecitos volcanic province, Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, Mexico\" (Thesis).\r\nDate(s) Collected: 1993/1996.\r\nGeographic Location Bounding Box: -114.833 Degrees East; -114.933 Degrees West; 30.417 Degrees North; 30.33 Degrees South.\r\n\r\nCross-sections to accompany Geologic map of northern Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, Mexico: Supplement 2 from \"Extensional deformation and volcanism within the northern puertecitos volcanic province, Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, Mexico\" (Thesis).", "abstract": "Geologic features at the western edge of the Gulf Extensional Province (GEP) in northeastern Baja California, Mexico, record details of Pacific-North American (PAC-NAM) plate boundary history prior to and during its establishment within the Gulf of California. Methods of study in Santa Isabel Wash (SIW) (informally named) in the northern Sierra Santa Isabel include geologic mapping of ~140 km^2 (1:20000 scale) along the northern margin of the Miocene-Pliocene Puertecitos Volcanic Province (PVP), ^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar geochronology, electron microprobe analysis, paleomagnetic study, and petrography. Local Neogene stratigraphy (spanning ~17-6 Ma) includes volcaniclastic breccias, basaltic to dacitic lava flows, and rhyolitic pyroclastic flow deposits. The completeness of the lithologic package improves stratigraphic correlations between the PVP and nearby regions.
\r\n\r\nHigh-angle extension-related faults cut all rocks in SIW. The southeastward projection of the pre-6 Ma Matorni accommodation zone, which separates a northern region of greater and more prolonged extension from a less extended southern zone, may pass on the north side of SIW. Paleomagnetic analysis indicates no vertical axis rotations in SIW since 6 Ma. This contrasts with regions north of the Matomi accommodation zone where clockwise rotation has accompanied extensional deformation since 3-6 Ma. About 500 meters of post-6 Ma, E-side-down displacement occurs across two major, NNW-striking normal faults on the west side of SIW. These, and smaller synthetic and antithetic faults in the hanging walls, accommodate up to 4% E- to ENE-directed extension. Quaternary deformation is also documented.
\r\n\r\nA new model developed to explain ENE-directed extension in northeastern Baja California partitions present-day PAC-NAM plate motion between NNW-striking, sinistral dip-slip faults and N- to NNW-striking, dextral (oblique?) strike-slip fault(s) in the northernmost Gulf of California. The model offers explanations for the geometry of plate motion accommodation between the latitudes of the Agua Blanca fault and the PVP, bathymetric features near Wagner and Consag basins, the position and jumps of nearby spreading centers since 6 Ma, the greater width and bend in coastline of the northernmost Gulf of California, the incorporation of the PVP into the GEP 2-3 Ma, and suggests a transitional tectonic scenario between oceanic spreading centers and continental transforms (\"Wagner Transition Zone\").
", "date": "1997", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:01132010-093747416", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01132010-093747416", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Supplement 1 in CaltechDATA: Geologic map of northern Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, Mexico", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1769" }, { "description": "Supplement 2 in CaltechDATA: Cross-sections to accompany Geologic map of northern Sierra Santa Isabel, Baja California, Mexico", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1770" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Gayle Hammer", "deposited_by": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_on": "2010-01-13 18:18:36", "doi": "10.7907/znpy-3311", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Murray-B-C", "name": { "family": "Murray", "given": "Bruce C." }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Murray-B-C", "name": { "family": "Murray", "given": "Bruce C." }, "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Kirschvink-J-L", "name": { "family": "Kirschvink", "given": "Joseph L." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3252-7109", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Farley-K-A", "name": { "family": "Farley", "given": "Kenneth A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7846-7546", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Silver-L-T", "name": { "family": "Silver", "given": "Leon T." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1997-04-18", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geol" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Nagy, Elizabeth Ann", "advisor_list": "Stock, Joann M. and Murray, Bruce C.", "comittee_list": "Murray, Bruce C.; Kirschvink, Joseph L.; et el." } ]