[ { "id": "authors:1b7g8-wx444", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1b7g8-wx444", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150210-101059981", "type": "article", "title": "The Isolation and Partial Characterization of Two Novel Sphingolipids from Neurospora crassa: Di(Inositolphosphoryl)ceramide and [(gal)_3glu]ceramide", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lester", "given_name": "Robert L.", "clpid": "Lester-R-L" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Sharron W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" }, { "family_name": "Wells", "given_name": "Gerald B.", "clpid": "Wells-G-B" }, { "family_name": "Rees", "given_name": "Douglas C.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4073-1185", "clpid": "Rees-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Angus", "given_name": "Wallace W.", "clpid": "Angus-W-W" } ], "abstract": "Neurospora crassa strains labeled uniformly with ^(32)P_i and [^3H]inositol exhibit at least six phospholipid components containing ^3H when separated by paper chromatography. One of the major components is phosphatidylinositol. Other components, which account for 40 to 60% of the lipid-extractable ^3H in various strains, are stable to mild alkaline methanolysis and appear to be sphingolipids with equivalent amounts of inositol and phosphorus. The major phosphosphingolipid was purified by means of differential solubility and by column chromatography on porous silica beads. This substance contains equivalent amounts of hydroxysphinganine and hydroxytetracosanoic acid and 2 eq each of myoinositol, phosphorus, and sodium. Alkaline degradation yielded 2 eq of inositol monophosphate and periodate degradation gave a C-15 fragment. The elemental composition of this compound also fits the formulation, (inositol-P)_2-ceramide.\nA [^3H]inositol pulse-chase experiment carried out with an inositol-requiring mutant in exponential growth shows labeled inositol accumulating in the sphingolipid accompanied by decreased labeling in phosphatidylinositol and the acid-soluble fraction. These changes also occur when the chase is carried out during inositol starvation suggesting that degradation of phosphatidylinositol and formation of sphingolipid occurs in the absence of growth.\nA neutral glycosphingolipid was also obtained as a by-product of the phospholipid purification. This substance is provisionally formulated as the ceramide tetrahexoside: [(gal)_3glu]-N-hydroxytetracosonyl-hydroxysphinganine.", "issn": "0021-9258", "publisher": "American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology", "publication": "Journal of Biological Chemistry", "publication_date": "1974-06-10", "series_number": "11", "volume": "249", "issue": "11", "pages": "3388-3394" }, { "id": "authors:ekqzg-vqd68", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ekqzg-vqd68", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140813-135648429", "type": "article", "title": "Earthquake swarm in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, 1968", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sylvester", "given_name": "Arthur G.", "clpid": "Sylvester-A-G" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" }, { "family_name": "Scholz", "given_name": "C. H.", "clpid": "Scholz-C-H" } ], "abstract": "Sixty-three minor earthquakes (maximum magnitude = 5.2) occurred in the Santa Barbara Channel during the period June 26 to August 3 1968. The epicenters form a shot-scatter pattern upon a broad, high-standing fault block in the channel midway between Santa Cruz Island and the City of Santa Barbara. Focal mechanism studies indicate that oblique-slip movement occurred along a northwest-striking fault even though the major folds and faults strike nearly east-west. Preliminary studies of the areal hydrocarbon production data show no compelling evidence for a causal relationship with the swarm.", "issn": "0037-1106", "publisher": "Seismological Society of America", "publication": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America", "publication_date": "1970-08", "series_number": "4", "volume": "60", "issue": "4", "pages": "1047-1060" }, { "id": "authors:gp7cd-dcf38", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gp7cd-dcf38", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140424-113014914", "type": "article", "title": "Earthquakes and Nuclear Detonations", "author": [ { "family_name": "Anderson", "given_name": "Don L.", "clpid": "Anderson-D-L" }, { "family_name": "Archambeau", "given_name": "Charles B.", "clpid": "Archambeau-C-B" }, { "family_name": "Brune", "given_name": "James N.", "clpid": "Brune-J-N" }, { "family_name": "Richter", "given_name": "Charles F.", "clpid": "Richter-C-F" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" } ], "abstract": "The report by Emiliani et al. (1)\nasserts some statistical results which\nwould be important if well substantiated.\nTo the undersigned, their evidence appears inadequate. Since it is\nlikely that the conclusions, if unchallenged,\nwill be accepted as authoritative, and misapplied by readers not\nwell versed in the subject, critical remarks\nare offered.", "doi": "10.1126/science.167.3920.1011", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "1970-02-13", "series_number": "3920", "volume": "167", "issue": "3920", "pages": "1011-1012" }, { "id": "authors:he790-mzp49", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "he790-mzp49", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140811-132627245", "type": "article", "title": "Transient and residual strains from large underground explosions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" }, { "family_name": "Archambeau", "given_name": "Charles B.", "clpid": "Archambeau-C-B" }, { "family_name": "Gile", "given_name": "William", "clpid": "Gile-W" } ], "abstract": "Tectonic strain readjustments associated with large underground explosions have been observed at the Nevada Test Site. The BENHAM event of December 19, 1968 produced a peak quasi-static radial strain of 1.2 \u00d7 10^(\u22127) at a distance of 29 km. This strain transient was followed by an exponential return to the initial state with a time constant of 13 minutes, and is interpreted as the direct elastic response of the medium to a time varying pressure in the BENHAM cavity. An upper bound on the tectonic strain release was determined to be 0.7 \u00d7 10^(\u22128). Using these measurements it is estimated that the permanent and quasi-static strains associated with this explosion could significantly effect local earthquake occurrences out to distances of about 15 km. The size distribution of aftershocks of this explosion resembles that seen in model experiments of brittle fracture, in which the distribution is controlled by the dimensions of inhomogeneities in the medium.", "issn": "0037-1106", "publisher": "Seismological Society of America", "publication": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America", "publication_date": "1969-12", "series_number": "6", "volume": "59", "issue": "6", "pages": "2185-2196" }, { "id": "authors:fmc8c-6vt09", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "fmc8c-6vt09", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140811-124944160", "type": "article", "title": "Strain adjustments associated with earthquakes in southern California", "author": [ { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" }, { "family_name": "Van de Lindt", "given_name": "William", "clpid": "Van-de-Lindt-W" } ], "abstract": "A technique for the calculation of strain changes in a two-dimensional elastic body with arbitrary internal dislocations is presented. This technique is applied to the southern California region by assigning a specific fault and fault slip function for each major earthquake that has occurred since 1812. Although the model used has serious shortcomings when applied to the real Earth, certain important features concerning strain energy changes associated with earthquakes are brought out. The occurrence of earthquakes over the past 150 years has resulted in net increases in stored strain energy in a number of regions including the northern end of the Gulf of California, the Cajon Pass area, and the northern part of the Carizzo Plain. Large regions of strain energy decrease can also be seen, the most important of which is in the vicinity of Fort Tejon.", "issn": "0037-1106", "publisher": "Seismological Society of America", "publication": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America", "publication_date": "1969-08", "series_number": "4", "volume": "59", "issue": "4", "pages": "1569-1589" }, { "id": "authors:5majg-w5172", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5majg-w5172", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-092334290", "type": "article", "title": "Seismic and aseismic slip on the San Andreas Fault", "author": [ { "family_name": "Scholz", "given_name": "C. H.", "clpid": "Scholz-C-H" }, { "family_name": "Wyss", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Wyss-M" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "S. W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" } ], "abstract": "Field and experimental evidence are combined to deduce the mechanism of slip on shallow continental transcurrent faults, such as the San Andreas in California. Several lines of evidence portray the central section of the San Andreas fault as a very smooth and flat surface, with a very low frictional strength in comparison to the breaking strength of intact rock. The Parkfield earthquake of June 27, 1966, and its aftershock and creep sequences are examined as a detailed example of fault slippage that includes both types, seismic and aseismic. It is shown from considerable number of field data that during the main shock a region from about 4 to 10 km in depth slipped approximately 30 cm. In response to this slippage, creep and aftershocks were generated. The creep and aftershocks are not directly interrelated, but they are microscopically identical processes of time\u2010dependent brittle friction occurring in parallel in different regions. The creep occurred by time\u2010dependent stable frictional sliding in the 4\u2010km\u2010thick surface layer; the aftershocks, by time\u2010dependent stick\u2010slip at the ends of the initial slipped zone. This model is in good agreement with laboratory results which show that slippage should occur by stable (aseismic) friction in the upper 4 km, by stick\u2010slip accompanied by earthquakes from about 4 to 12 km, and by stable sliding or plastic friction below 12 km on the fault. One feature not observed in the laboratory is the episodic nature of creep. These episodes can be predicted with an accuracy of about 1 week.", "doi": "10.1029/JB074i008p02049", "issn": "0148-0227", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research", "publication_date": "1969-04-15", "series_number": "8", "volume": "74", "issue": "8", "pages": "2049-2069" }, { "id": "authors:q2ene-ad387", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "q2ene-ad387", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140811-132046556", "type": "article", "title": "Displacement on the San Andreas fault subsequent to the 1966 Parkfield earthquake", "author": [ { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" }, { "family_name": "Wyss", "given_name": "Max", "clpid": "Wyss-M" } ], "abstract": "Immediately following the 1966 Parkfield earthquake a continuing program of fault displacement measurements was undertaken, and several types of instruments were installed in the fault zone to monitor ground motion. In the year subsequent to the earthquake a maximum of at least 20 cm of displacement occurred on a 30 km section of the San Andreas fault, which far exceeded the surficial displacement at the time of the earthquake. The rate of displacement decreased logarithmically during this period in a manner similar to that of the decrease in aftershock activity. After the initial high rate of activity it could be seen that most of the displacement was occurring in 4\u20136 day epochs of rapid creep following local aftershocks. The variation of fault displacement along the surface trace was measured and shown to be consistent with a vertidal fault surface 44 km long and 14 km deep, along which a shear stress of 2.4 bars was relieved.", "issn": "0037-1106", "publisher": "Seismological Society of America", "publication": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America", "publication_date": "1968-12", "series_number": "6", "volume": "58", "issue": "6", "pages": "1955-1973" }, { "id": "authors:detpr-9vk67", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "detpr-9vk67", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140811-124302069", "type": "article", "title": "Source parameters of earthquakes, and discrimination between earthquakes and nuclear explosions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Davies", "given_name": "John B.", "clpid": "Davies-J-B" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" } ], "abstract": "The first part of this study describes a technique by which the source parameters of an earthquake can be obtained from the spectrum of compressional waves. The source parameters defined are fault length, fracture velocity, and fault plane attitude. Two large, deep earthquakes are examined using this technique. The source parameters determined compare favorably with those obtained previously using different techniques. In the second section a method is proposed for discrimination between underground explosions and earthquakes. The technique utilizes the ratio of the spectrums of the two classes of events where the path of propagation is common to both. On the basis of the analysis of the SHOAL event and a nearby shallow earthquake it appears that the duration as determined from the spectral ratio is almost 10 times smaller for an explosion than it is for a comparable earthquake.", "issn": "0037-1106", "publisher": "Seismological Society of America", "publication": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America", "publication_date": "1968-10", "series_number": "5", "volume": "58", "issue": "5", "pages": "1503-1517" }, { "id": "authors:5v098-53h09", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5v098-53h09", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140801-163107322", "type": "article", "title": "Parkfield earthquakes of June 27-29, 1966, Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, California\u2014Preliminary report", "author": [ { "family_name": "Oakeshott", "given_name": "Gordon B.", "clpid": "Oakeshott-G-B" }, { "family_name": "Allen", "given_name": "Clarence R.", "clpid": "Allen-C-R" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" }, { "family_name": "Pakiser", "given_name": "L. C.", "clpid": "Pakiser-L-C" }, { "family_name": "McEvilly", "given_name": "T. V.", "clpid": "McEvilly-T-V" }, { "family_name": "Cloud", "given_name": "William K.", "clpid": "Cloud-W-K" }, { "family_name": "Steinbrugge", "given_name": "Karl V.", "clpid": "Steinbrugge-K-V" } ], "abstract": "Two earthquakes, M = 5.3 and 5.5, shook the Parkfield area in southern Monterey County, California, at 0409:56.5 and 0426:13.8 GMT, 28 June 1966. They were preceded by foreshocks on the same day at 0100 and 0115. A third shock, M = 5.0, occurred in the same area at 1953:26.2 on 29 June. The earthquakes were followed by a heavy sequence of aftershocks with epicenters along the San Andreas fault zone extending for about 15 miles southward beyond Cholame in San Luis Obispo County. A P-wave first-motion fault plane solution shows strike of vertical fault plane is N 33\u00b0W, coinciding with a surface zone of en echelon fault fractures in the pattern characteristic of right-lateral, strike-slip movement. The motion appears to have an upward component on the west side, at about 20\u00b0 from pure strike slip. Extensive instrumentation within a few miles of the epicentral district gave unusually complete records from foreshock to aftershock sequence. A strong-motion instrument in the fault zone near Cholame recorded the unusually high horizontal acceleration of 0.5 g.\n\nThe epicentral region of the earthquakes is on a known active segment of the San Andreas fault. Earthquakes in 1901, 1922, and 1934 in this region were also accompanied by surface faulting. On the published State geologic map, scale 1:250,000, the San Andreas fault zone shows a braided pattern of several branching en echelon major faults. Topographic forms, typical of the features of rift valleys, testify to the recency of fault movements. Small right-lateral surficial displacements had been recognized prior to the late June earthquakes in at least three places on the Parkfield-Cholame trace of the fault. Similar creep, or slippage, has continued since the earthquakes. Extensive nets of survey markers installed by 30 June across the active fault trace had recorded slippage as great as 0.1 inch per day by 12 July. The fault trace associated with the earthquakes is principally in alluvium of unknown depth in Cholame Valley, apparently a faulted graben within the San Andreas fault zone. Under a blanket of Tertiary and Quaternary sedimentary rocks in this part of the southern Coast Ranges, the great fault separates Jurassic-Cretaceous granitic and metamorphic rocks in the western block from Late Jurassic eugeosynclinal sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Franciscan Formation in the eastern block.\n\nIn spite of the large horizontal acceleration recorded near the fault, very little building damage occurred in this sparsely populated region. Small concrete and steel bridges in, and adjacent to the fault trace, did not have their structural strength impaired.", "issn": "0037-1106", "publisher": "Seismological Society of America", "publication": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America", "publication_date": "1966-08", "series_number": "4", "volume": "56", "issue": "4", "pages": "961-971" }, { "id": "authors:73c5v-jhc89", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "73c5v-jhc89", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140801-110558344", "type": "article", "title": "A procedure for source studies from spectrums of long-period seismic body waves", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ben-Menahem", "given_name": "Ari", "clpid": "Ben-Menahem-A" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" }, { "family_name": "Teng", "given_name": "Ta-Liang", "clpid": "Teng-T-L" } ], "abstract": "The well-known first motion method of Nakano and Byerly is extended, generalized and combined with recent new ideas in body wave theory in order to set up a routine procedure for extracting source parameters from spectral analysis of isolated P and S pulses recorded at a net of standardized stations around a non-shallow source.\n\nThe method consists of compensating the observed spectrums for instrumental and propagational effects. A combined study of the resulting radiation patterns, initial phases, and the initial amplitudes will render information regarding the spatial and temporal nature of deep and intermediate earthquake sources as seen through the spectral window of 10-100 seconds. The shorter periods can be used for source studies only if an accurate station correction is available.", "doi": "10.1785/BSSA0550020203", "issn": "0037-1106", "publisher": "Seismological Society of America", "publication": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America", "publication_date": "1965-04", "series_number": "2", "volume": "55", "issue": "2", "pages": "203-235" }, { "id": "authors:p39ry-c9w41", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p39ry-c9w41", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140801-144410489", "type": "article", "title": "Processing of seismic data from an automatic digital recorder", "author": [ { "family_name": "Phinney", "given_name": "Robert A.", "clpid": "Phinney-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" } ], "abstract": "Data from a three-component, long-period seismometer system is recorded in digital form on magnetic tape by a device which has been described by Miller. Preliminary editing and processing is performed to select events of interest from the 24-hour tapes and place them on a library tape that is compatible with a computer. Emphasis is placed on location, correction, and flagging of errors that occur during the recording and editing process. Processing routines developed include: correction for seismometer response, orbital motion functions, energy computation, band pass filtering for mode separation, etc. The dynamic range of the system is 86 db and the response is adequate over the range .02 to 2.0 cps. For the purpose of detailed analysis, digital records from this system are superior to paper records from any of the existing seismographs in use at this laboratory. The main disadvantage of data in this form is the difficulty of inspecting signals by eye in order to make preliminary interpretations.", "doi": "10.1785/BSSA0530030549", "issn": "0037-1106", "publisher": "Seismological Society of America", "publication": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America", "publication_date": "1963-04", "series_number": "3", "volume": "53", "issue": "3", "pages": "549-562" }, { "id": "authors:k27vd-d9046", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "k27vd-d9046", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140808-154624389", "type": "article", "title": "A reinterpretation of phase velocity data based on the gnome travel time curves", "author": [ { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Stewart W.", "clpid": "Smith-S-W" } ], "abstract": "Significant lateral variations in upper mantle velocities across the western U. S. were observed in the GNOME experiment. This makes necessary a reinterpretation of crustal thickness measurements made with the assumption that velocities in the various layers of the crust remain constant while their thickness changes. Four examples of the work of Ewing and Press have been reinterpreted. The crust is thinner (30 km) in the Basin and Range Province and thicker (55 km) under the Rocky Mountains than indicated by previous interpretations.", "doi": "10.1785/BSSA0520051031", "issn": "0037-1106", "publisher": "Seismological Society of America", "publication": "Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America", "publication_date": "1962-12", "series_number": "5", "volume": "52", "issue": "5", "pages": "1031-1035" } ]