[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sesjg-24198", "eprint_id": 120305, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 08:44:30", "lastmod": "2023-12-22 23:38:07", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Shimojo-Kensuke", "name": { "family": "Shimojo", "given": "Kensuke" } }, { "id": "Shimojo-Eiko", "name": { "family": "Shimojo", "given": "Eiko" } }, { "id": "Katsuragi-Reiya", "name": { "family": "Katsuragi", "given": "Reiya" } }, { "id": "Akashi-Takuya", "name": { "family": "Akashi", "given": "Takuya" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9177-7306" }, { "id": "Shimojo-S", "name": { "family": "Shimojo", "given": "Shinsuke" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1290-5232" } ] }, "title": "Preservation of Conditioned Behavior Based on UV Light Sensitivity in Dissected Tail Halves of Planarians- a Proof by DNN", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. \n\nThis project was supported by the Masason Foundation (Japan) and Chen Institute for Neuroscience at Caltech. \n\nAuthor Contributions. K.S. and S.S. contributed to conceiving and designing the experiment. E.S. and K.S. created the setup and ran the experiment. R.K. analyzed the data by training and running the DNN, and T.A. supervised this data analysis. K.S., E.S., S.S., and R.K. contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. \n\nData Availability. Raw video data and DNN categorization results: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Y47WyJePs8N9wF3ZW73_PGn03sJ5CLck?usp=share_link\n\nThe authors have declared no competing interest.\n\n
Submitted - 2022.10.30.514395v1.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - media-1.pdf
Supplemental Material - media-2.pdf
", "abstract": "Planarians are aquatic worms with powerful regenerative and memory retention abilities. This paper examines whether a dissected tail half of a Planarian (Dugesia Dorotocephala) can retain and exhibit a previously-conditioned response, possibly before the regeneration of the head and the ganglia. We conditioned intact Planarians in a Pavlovian procedure with an electric shock (ES) as the unconditioned stimulus and weak ultraviolet (UV) light as the conditioned stimulus. Then, we dissected their bodies into halves, keeping the dissected tail halves. Starting from the 2nd day after dissection, we presented the same UV light 3 times daily while video-recording the responses. The recorded responses were then classified by a DNN: a VGG16 model was pre-trained by ImageNet for extracting features from images and additionally trained with 211 responses to ES and 118 to UV light before conditioning/dissection to categorize planarians' reactions into \"UV-induced\" or \"ES-induced\" reactions. The cross-validated accuracy in categorization was 83.6%. We then let the DNN analyze 99 recorded responses to UV from 20 individual conditioned tail halves. 96.8 % of their reactions were classified as \"ES-induced\" (against 22.0% wrongly classified as \"ES-induced\" for unconditioned samples under UV), indicating they have shown the \"Conditioned Response\" (p<3.06E-30). This provides evidence that planarians can conserve and reveal a learned response even without the head/ganglia, as it takes approximately 7 days for the head/ganglia to regenerate versus the given 2-3 days. Although similar findings have been reported repeatedly in the literature, this is the first positive evidence with automated procedures and DNN classification. The result implies the presence of a decentralized nervous structure outside of its head/ganglia that allows a tail half to retain memory and execute motion accordingly, despite their cephalization.", "date": "2023-03-24", "date_type": "published", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230322-101441000.8", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230322-101441000.8", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Masason Foundation" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" }, { "id": "Division-of-Biology-and-Biological-Engineering" } ] }, "doi": "10.1101/2022.10.30.514395", "primary_object": { "basename": "media-2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sesjg-24198/files/media-2.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "2022.10.30.514395v1.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sesjg-24198/files/2022.10.30.514395v1.full.pdf" }, { "basename": "media-1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sesjg-24198/files/media-1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Shimojo, Kensuke; Shimojo, Eiko; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rye0s-8p311", "eprint_id": 106177, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:55:29", "lastmod": "2023-12-13 17:14:56", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yamamoto-Masahiro", "name": { "family": "Yamamoto", "given": "Masahiro" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6196-9497" }, { "id": "Shimojo-S", "name": { "family": "Shimojo", "given": "Shinsuke" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1290-5232" } ] }, "title": "The Brain Knows enough to take into account Light and Shadow", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. \n\nPosted October 19, 2020. \n\nWe thank our colleagues from TOSHIBA R&D center who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research, although they may not agree with all of the interpretations/conclusions of this paper.\n\nSubmitted - 2020.10.19.344838v1.full.pdf
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", "abstract": "Visual perception requires to infer object and light source color to maintain constancy. This study demonstrates the influences of environmental sunlight color trajectory (blue-white-yellow-red), and associated color of scattered light in shadows on color perception. In Adelson\u2032s checkerboard shadow illusion, squares of equal luminance appear lighter or darker depending on whether they are inside or outside a cast shadow. In some color variations, illusion magnitude is attenuated by specific colors of the cast shadow. Particularly in the green monotone environment (green checkerboard under green ambient and diffusion light), illusion magnitude reduces down nearly to zero. In contrast, shading by structure is not affected by the color environment. Thus, the cast shadow and shading by structure have distinct effects on surface color constancy. This illusion attenuation may be related to the absence of green in the natural environmental light spectrum, including in cast shadows. The brain may utilize the implicit learned trajectory of natural light to resolve ambiguity in surface reflectance. Our results provide a new formula not only to understand, but also to generate new variations of other illusions such as #The Dress.", "date": "2020-10-21", "date_type": "published", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201021-074203448", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201021-074203448", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Biology-and-Biological-Engineering" } ] }, "doi": "10.1101/2020.10.19.344838", "primary_object": { "basename": "2020.10.19.344838v1.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rye0s-8p311/files/2020.10.19.344838v1.full.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "media-1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rye0s-8p311/files/media-1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Yamamoto, Masahiro and Shimojo, Shinsuke" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n8f9b-2wz35", "eprint_id": 104079, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:56:05", "lastmod": "2023-12-13 17:14:52", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Shehata-Mohammad", "name": { "family": "Shehata", "given": "Mohammad" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1710-3009" }, { "id": "Cheng-Miao", "name": { "family": "Cheng", "given": "Miao" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0611-6170" }, { "id": "Leung-Angus", "name": { "family": "Leung", "given": "Angus" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0926-5534" }, { "id": "Tsuchiya-Naotsugu", "name": { "family": "Tsuchiya", "given": "Naotsugu" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4216-8701" }, { "id": "Wu-Daw-An", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Daw-An" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4296-3369" }, { "id": "Tseng-Chia-huei", "name": { "family": "Tseng", "given": "Chia-huei" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6385-5669" }, { "id": "Nakauchi-Shingeki", "name": { "family": "Nakauchi", "given": "Shigeki" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4954-6915" }, { "id": "Shimojo-S", "name": { "family": "Shimojo", "given": "Shinsuke" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1290-5232" } ] }, "title": "Team flow is a unique brain state associated with enhanced information integration and neural synchrony", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. \n\nWe thank Dr. Chalres Yokoyama (University of Tokyo, Japan), Dr. Simone Shamay-Tsoory (University of Haifa, Israel), Dr. Katsumi Watanabe (Waseda University, Japan), and Dr. Makio Kashino (NTT communications, Japan) for their comprehensive comments on the manuscript. We thank Naomi Shroff-Mehta (Scripps College, CA), Salma Elnagar (University of Cambridge, UK), and Shota Yasunaga (Pitzer College, CA) for help with data collection and analysis. We thank Wenqi Yan (Monash University, Australia) for preliminary data analysis with integrated information. This work is supported by the program for promoting the enhancement of research universities funded to Toyohashi University of Technology to M.S. and S.N.; and the Japan Science and Technology (JST)-CREST Grant Number JPMJCR14E4 to S.S. M.C. is supported by the University of Hong Kong postgraduate scholarship program. C.T. is supported by the University of Hong Kong General Research Fund. N.T. is supported by Australian Research Council Discovery Projects (DP180104128 and DP180100396). A.L. is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. \n\nAuthor Contributions: M.S., M.C., and S.S. designed the experiments. M.S., M.C., and D.W. performed the experiments. M.S., M.C., S.S., A.L. and N.T. analyzed the data. M.S., S.S., M.C., N.T., D.W., S.N., and C.T. wrote the manuscript. \n\nData Availability: All data and analysis codes used in the preparation of this article are available at https://osf.io/3b4hp. \n\nThe authors have declared no competing interest.\n\nSubmitted - 2020.06.17.157990v1.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - media-1.pdf
Supplemental Material - media-2.mp4
", "abstract": "Team flow occurs when a group of people reaches high task engagement while sharing a common goal as in sports teams and music bands. While team flow is a superior enjoyable experience to individuals experiencing flow or regular socialization, the neural basis for such superiority is still unclear. Here, we addressed this question utilizing a music rhythm task and electroencephalogram hyper-scanning. Experimental manipulations held the motor task constant while disrupted the hedonic musical correspondence to blocking flow or occluded the partner's body and task feedback to block social interaction. The manipulations' effectiveness was confirmed using psychometric ratings and an objective measure for the depth of flow experience through the inhibition of the auditory-evoked potential to a task-irrelevant stimulus. Spectral power analysis revealed higher beta/gamma power specific to team flow at the left temporal cortex. Causal interaction analysis revealed that the left temporal cortex receives information from areas encoding individual flow or socialization. The left temporal cortex was also significantly involved in integrated information at both the intra- and inter-brains levels. Moreover, team flow resulted in enhanced global inter-brain integrated information and neural synchrony. Thus, our report presents neural evidence that team flow results in a distinct brain state and suggests a neurocognitive mechanism by which the brain creates this unique experience.", "date": "2020-06-26", "date_type": "published", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200626-103613193", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200626-103613193", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Toyohashi University of Technology" }, { "agency": "Japan Science and Technology Agency", "grant_number": "JPMJCR14E4" }, { "agency": "University of Hong Kong" }, { "agency": "Australian Research Council", "grant_number": "DP180104128" }, { "agency": "Australian Research Council", "grant_number": "DP180100396" }, { "agency": "Department of Education, Skills and Employment (Australia)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Biology-and-Biological-Engineering" } ] }, "doi": "10.1101/2020.06.17.157990", "primary_object": { "basename": "2020.06.17.157990v1.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n8f9b-2wz35/files/2020.06.17.157990v1.full.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "media-1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n8f9b-2wz35/files/media-1.pdf" }, { "basename": "media-2.mp4", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n8f9b-2wz35/files/media-2.mp4" } ], "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Shehata, Mohammad; Cheng, Miao; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rtcpt-99n18", "eprint_id": 102331, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:36:56", "lastmod": "2023-12-13 17:15:07", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Liao-Hsin-I", "name": { "family": "Liao", "given": "Hsin-I" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4740-7380" }, { "id": "Kashino-Makio", "name": { "family": "Kashino", "given": "Makio" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4354-6690" }, { "id": "Shimojo-S", "name": { "family": "Shimojo", "given": "Shinsuke" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1290-5232" } ] }, "title": "Transient Pupil Constriction Reflects and Affects Facial Attractiveness", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "pupil; face perception; appraisal; attractiveness; decision", "note": "The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. \n\nPosted April 03, 2020. \n\nThis study was partly supported by Core Research for Evolutional Science & Technology (CREST) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PI: MK. \n\nAuthor Contributions: HL and SS developed the study concept. All authors contributed to the study design. HL conducted experiments, collected and analyzed the data, and drafted the manuscript. SS and MK provided critical comments and revisions. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.\n\nSubmitted - 2020.04.02.021436v1.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - media-1.pdf
", "abstract": "Contradictory to the long-held belief of a close linkage between pupil dilation and attractiveness, we found an early and transient pupil constriction response when participants viewed an attractive face (and the effect of luminance/contrast is controlled). While participants were making an attractiveness judgment on faces, their pupil constricted more for the more attractive (as-to-be-rated) faces. Further experiments showed that the effect of pupil constriction to attractiveness judgment extended to intrinsically aesthetic visual objects such as natural scene images (as well as faces) but not to line-drawing geometric figures. When participants were asked to judge the roundness of faces, pupil constriction still correlated with their attractiveness but not the roundness rating score, indicating the automaticity of the pupil constriction to attractiveness. When pupillary responses were manipulated implicitly by relative background luminance changes (from the pre-stimulus screen), the facial attractiveness ratings were in accordance with the amount of pupil constriction, which cannot be explained solely by perceptual brightness induced by simultaneous or sequential luminance contrast. The overall results suggest that pupil constriction not only reflects but, as a part of self-monitoring and attribution mechanisms, also affects facial attractiveness implicitly.", "date": "2020-04-03", "date_type": "published", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200403-141240157", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200403-141240157", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Japan Science and Technology Agency" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Biology-and-Biological-Engineering" } ] }, "doi": "10.1101/2020.04.02.021436", "primary_object": { "basename": "media-1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rtcpt-99n18/files/media-1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "2020.04.02.021436v1.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rtcpt-99n18/files/2020.04.02.021436v1.full.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Liao, Hsin-I; Kashino, Makio; et el." } ]