[ { "id": "authors:p027z-0ra50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p027z-0ra50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150918-151919369", "type": "article", "title": "Synthesis of a Bimetallic Dodecaborate LiNaB_(12)H_(12)with Outstanding Superionic Conductivity", "author": [ { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Liqing", "clpid": "He-Liqing" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Hai-Wen", "clpid": "Li-Hai-Wen" }, { "family_name": "Nakajima", "given_name": "Hironori", "clpid": "Nakajima-Hironori" }, { "family_name": "Tumanov", "given_name": "Nikolay", "clpid": "Tumanov-N" }, { "family_name": "Filinchuk", "given_name": "Yaroslav", "clpid": "Filinchuk-Y" }, { "family_name": "Hwang", "given_name": "Son-Jong", "orcid": "0000-0002-3210-466X", "clpid": "Hwang-Son-Jong" }, { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "Manish", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Hagemann", "given_name": "Hans", "clpid": "Hagemann-H" }, { "family_name": "Akiba", "given_name": "Etsuo", "clpid": "Akiba-Etsuo" } ], "abstract": "Metal dodecaborates M_2/_nB_(12)H_(12) (n denotes the valence of\nthe metal M), containing icosahedral polyatomic anion\n[B_(12)H_(12)]^(2\u2212), have been attracting increasing interest as potential\nenergy materials, especially in the context of hydrogen\nstorage and superionic conductivity. M_2/_nB_(12)H_(12) are\ncommonly formed as dehydrogenation intermediates from\nmetal borohydrides M(BH_4)_n, like LiBH_4 and Mg(BH_4)_2,\nwhich are well-known as potential high-density hydrogen\nstorage materials. The strong B\u2212B bond in the icosahedral\n[B_(12)H_(12)]^(2\u2212), however, is regarded to be the key factor that\nprevents the rehydrogenation of dodecaborates. In order to\nelucidate the mechanism as well as to provide effective\nsolutions to this problem, a novel solvent-free synthesis route\nof anhydrous M_2/nB_(12)H_(12) (here M means Li, Na, and K) has\nbeen developed. Thermal stability and transformations of the\nanhydrous single phase Li_2B_(12)H_(12) suggested the formation of\nthe high temperature polymorph of Li_2B_(12)H_(12) during the\ndehydrogenation of LiBH_4, while concurrently emphasized the\nimportance of further investigation on the decomposition\nmechanism of metal borohydrides and metal dodecaborates.\nThe high stability of icosahedral [B_(12)H_(12)]^(2\u2212), on the other hand,\nfavors its potential application as solid electrolyte. Recently,\nNa^+ conductivity of Na_2B_(12)H_(12) was reported to be 0.1 S/cm\nabove its order\u2212disorder phase transition at \u223c529 K, which is\ncomparable to that of a polycrystalline \u03b2\"-Al_2O_3 (0.24 S/cm at\n573 K) solid state Na-electrolyte. Mechanistic understanding\non the diffusion behavior of cation and further improvement of\nionic conductivity at a lower temperature, however, are\nimportant in order to facilitate the practical application of\nmetal dodecaborates as superionic conductors.", "doi": "10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01568", "issn": "0897-4756", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "Chemistry of Materials", "publication_date": "2015-08-25", "series_number": "16", "volume": "27", "issue": "16", "pages": "5483-5486" }, { "id": "authors:21h4y-tmy52", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "21h4y-tmy52", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140924-074853987", "type": "article", "title": "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Hypervelocity Carbon Dioxide Flow over Blunt Bodies", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Swantek", "given_name": "A. B.", "clpid": "Swantek-A-B" }, { "family_name": "Flaherty", "given_name": "W.", "clpid": "Flaherty-W" }, { "family_name": "Austin", "given_name": "J. M.", "clpid": "Austin-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Doraiswamy", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Doraiswamy-S" }, { "family_name": "Candler", "given_name": "G. V.", "clpid": "Candler-G-V" } ], "abstract": "This paper represents ongoing efforts to study high-enthalpy carbon dioxide flows in anticipation of the upcoming\nMars Science Laboratory and future missions. The work is motivated by observed anomalies between experimental\nand numerical studies in hypervelocity impulse facilities. In this study, experiments are conducted in the\nhypervelocity expansion tube that, by virtue of its flow acceleration process, exhibits minimal freestream dissociation\nin comparison with reflected shock tunnels, simplifying comparison with simulations. Shock shapes of the laboratory\naeroshell at angles of attack of 0, 11, and 16 deg and spherical geometries are in very good agreement with simulations\nincorporating detailed thermochemical modeling. Laboratory shock shapes at a 0 deg of attack are also in good\nagreement with data from the LENS X expansion tunnel facility, confirming results are facility-independent for the\nsame type of flow acceleration. The shock standoff distance is sensitive to the thermochemical state and is used as an\nexperimental measurable for comparison with simulations and two different theoretical models. For low-density\nsmall-scale experiments, it is seen that models based upon assumptions of large binary scaling values do not match the\nexperimental and numerical results. In an effort to address surface chemistry issues arising in high-enthalpy groundtest\nexperiments, spherical stagnation point and aeroshell heat transfer distributions are also compared with the\nsimulation. Heat transfer distributions over the aeroshell at the three angles of attack are in reasonable agreement\nwith simulations, and the data fall within the noncatalytic and supercatalytic solutions.", "doi": "10.2514/1.49386", "issn": "0887-8722", "publisher": "AIAA", "publication": "Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer", "publication_date": "2010-10", "series_number": "4", "volume": "24", "issue": "4", "pages": "673-683" }, { "id": "authors:ew438-e7e58", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ew438-e7e58", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140924-080337207", "type": "article", "title": "NO and OH Spectroscopic Vibrational Temperature Measurements in a Post-Shock Relaxation Region", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Austin", "given_name": "J. M.", "clpid": "Austin-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Glumac", "given_name": "N. G.", "clpid": "Glumac-N-G" }, { "family_name": "Massa", "given_name": "L.", "clpid": "Massa-L" } ], "abstract": "In this paper, spatial temperature profiles are examined in the nonequilibrium relaxation region behind a\nstationary shock wave in a hypervelocity air Mach 7.42 freestream. The normal shock wave is established through a\nMach reflection from an opposing wedge arrangement in an expansion tube facility. Schlieren images confirm that\nthe shock configuration is steady and the location is repeatable. Emission spectroscopy is used to identify dissociated\nspecies and to make vibrational temperature measurements using both the nitric oxide and the hydroxyl radical A-X\nband sequences. Temperature measurements are presented at selected locations behind the normal shock. LIFBASE\nis used as the simulation spectrum software for OH temperature-fitting; however, the need to access higher vibrational\nand rotational levels for NO leads to the use of an in-house developed algorithm. For NO, results demonstrate\nthe contribution of higher vibrational and rotational levels to the spectra at the conditions of this study. Very good\nagreement is achieved between the experimentally measured NO vibrational temperatures and calculations\nperformed using an existing state-resolved, three-dimensional forced-harmonic oscillator thermochemical model.\nThe measured NO vibrational temperatures are significantly higher than the OH temperatures.", "doi": "10.2514/1.J050047", "issn": "0001-1452", "publisher": "AIAA", "publication": "AIAA Journal", "publication_date": "2010-07", "series_number": "7", "volume": "48", "issue": "7", "pages": "1434-1443" }, { "id": "authors:rxvxz-nxe89", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rxvxz-nxe89", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140925-143424013", "type": "article", "title": "NO and OH Spectroscopic Vibrational Temperature Measurements in a Post-Shock Relaxation Region", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Austin", "given_name": "J. M.", "clpid": "Austin-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Glumac", "given_name": "N. G.", "clpid": "Glumac-N-G" }, { "family_name": "Massa", "given_name": "L.", "clpid": "Massa-L" } ], "abstract": "In this paper, spatial temperature profiles are examined in the nonequilibrium relaxation region behind a\nstationary shock wave in a hypervelocity air Mach 7.42 freestream. The normal shock wave is established through a\nMach reflection from an opposing wedge arrangement in an expansion tube facility. Schlieren images confirm that\nthe shock configuration is steady and the location is repeatable. Emission spectroscopy is used to identify dissociated\nspecies and to make vibrational temperature measurements using both the nitric oxide and the hydroxyl radical A-X\nband sequences. Temperature measurements are presented at selected locations behind the normal shock. LIFBASE\nis used as the simulation spectrum software for OH temperature-fitting; however, the need to access higher vibrational\nand rotational levels for NO leads to the use of an in-house developed algorithm. For NO, results demonstrate\nthe contribution of higher vibrational and rotational levels to the spectra at the conditions of this study. Very good\nagreement is achieved between the experimentally measured NO vibrational temperatures and calculations\nperformed using an existing state-resolved, three-dimensional forced-harmonic oscillator thermochemical model.\nThe measured NO vibrational temperatures are significantly higher than the OH temperatures.", "doi": "10.2514/1.J050047", "issn": "0001-1452", "publisher": "AIAA", "publication": "AIAA Journal", "publication_date": "2010-07", "series_number": "7", "volume": "48", "issue": "7", "pages": "1434-1443" }, { "id": "authors:ks3nv-c3d84", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ks3nv-c3d84", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140924-082731206", "type": "article", "title": "Diagnostic modelling of an expansion tube operating condition", "author": [ { "family_name": "McGilvray", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "McGilvray-M" }, { "family_name": "Austin", "given_name": "J. M.", "clpid": "Austin-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Jacobs", "given_name": "P. A.", "clpid": "Jacobs-P-A" }, { "family_name": "Morgan", "given_name": "R. G.", "clpid": "Morgan-R-G" } ], "abstract": "Computational simulations of an expansion tube were conducted to estimate flow parameters and verify experimental uncertainties. Two types of simulations of the complete facility were undertaken: a one-dimensional simulation, and a hybrid simulation where a one-dimensional simulation of the shock tube section was coupled with a two-dimensional simulation of the acceleration tube. Good agreement between the one-dimensional simulations and experiments were obtained in the shock tube portion of the facility. In the acceleration section, initial two-dimensional simulations did not match the experimentally measured pitot pressure and showed a discrepancy in the shock speed. Further studies examined how the accelerator gas composition affected shock speed, static pressure and pitot pressure levels in expansion tube operation. Subsequent two-dimensional simulations, using an 8% level of air contamination in helium, showed reasonable agreement with experimental data. This prediction of air contamination was later confirmed with experimental measurements of the air partial pressure before operation.", "doi": "10.1007/s00193-009-0187-9", "issn": "0938-1287", "publisher": "Springer", "publication": "Shock Waves", "publication_date": "2009-04", "series_number": "1", "volume": "19", "issue": "1", "pages": "59-66" }, { "id": "authors:71rq8-75k79", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "71rq8-75k79", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090924-104721444", "type": "article", "title": "System-Size Independence of Directed Flow Measured at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider", "author": [ { "family_name": "Abelev", "given_name": "B. I.", "clpid": "Abelev-B-I" }, { "family_name": "Aggarwal", "given_name": "M. M.", "clpid": "Aggarwal-M-M" }, { "family_name": "Ahammed", "given_name": "Z.", "clpid": "Ahammed-Z" }, { "family_name": "Anderson", "given_name": "B. D.", "clpid": "Anderson-B-D" }, { "family_name": "Arkhipkin", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Arkhipkin-D" }, { "family_name": "Averichev", "given_name": "G. S.", "clpid": "Averichev-G-S" }, { "family_name": "Bai", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Bai-Y" }, { "family_name": "Balewski", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Balewski-J" }, { "family_name": "Barannikova", "given_name": "O.", "clpid": "Barannikova-O" }, { "family_name": "Barnby", "given_name": "L. S.", "clpid": "Barnby-L-S" }, { "family_name": "Baudot", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Baudot-J" }, { "family_name": "Baumgart", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Baumgart-S" }, { "family_name": "Beavis", "given_name": "D. R.", "clpid": "Beavis-D-R" }, { "family_name": "Bellwied", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Bellwied-R" }, { "family_name": "Benedosso", "given_name": "F.", "clpid": "Benedosso-F" }, { "family_name": "Betts", "given_name": "R. R.", "clpid": "Betts-R-R" }, { "family_name": "Bhardwaj", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Bhardwaj-S" }, { "family_name": "Bhasin", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Bhasin-A" }, { "family_name": "Bhati", "given_name": "A. K.", "clpid": "Bhati-A-K" }, { "family_name": "Bichsel", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Bichsel-H" }, { "family_name": "Bielcik", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Bielcik-J" }, { "family_name": "Bielcikova", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Bielcikova-J" }, { "family_name": "Biritz", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Biritz-B" }, { "family_name": "Bland", "given_name": "L. C.", "clpid": "Bland-L-C" }, { "family_name": "Bombara", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Bombara-M" }, { "family_name": "Bonner", "given_name": "B. E.", "clpid": "Bonner-B-E" }, { "family_name": "Botje", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Botje-M" }, { "family_name": "Bouchet", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Bouchet-J" }, { "family_name": "Braidot", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Braidot-E" }, { "family_name": "Brandin", "given_name": "A. V.", "clpid": "Brandin-A-V" }, { "family_name": "Bueltmann", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Bueltmann-S" }, { "family_name": "Burton", "given_name": "T. P.", "clpid": "Burton-T-P" }, { "family_name": "Bystersky", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Bystersky-M" }, { "family_name": "Cai", "given_name": "X. Z.", "clpid": "Cai-X-Z" }, { "family_name": "Caines", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Caines-H" }, { "family_name": "Calder\u00f3n de la Barca S\u00e1nchez", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Calder\u00f3n-de-la-Barca-S\u00e1nchez-M" }, { "family_name": "Callner", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Callner-J" }, { "family_name": "Catu", "given_name": "O.", "clpid": "Catu-O" }, { "family_name": "Cebra", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Cebra-D" }, { "family_name": "Cendejas", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Cendejas-R" }, { "family_name": "Cervantes", "given_name": "M. C.", "clpid": "Cervantes-M-C" }, { "family_name": "Chajecki", "given_name": "Z.", "clpid": "Chajecki-Z" }, { "family_name": "Chaloupka", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Chaloupka-P" }, { "family_name": "Chattopadhyay", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Chattopadhyay-S" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "H. F.", "clpid": "Chen-H-F" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "J. H.", "clpid": "Chen-J-H" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "J. Y.", "clpid": "Chen-J-Y" }, { "family_name": "Cheng", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Cheng-J" }, { "family_name": "Cherney", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Cherney-M" }, { "family_name": "Chikanian", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Chikanian-A" }, { "family_name": "Choi", "given_name": "K. E.", "clpid": "Choi-K-E" }, { "family_name": "Christie", "given_name": "W.", "clpid": "Christie-W" }, { "family_name": "Chung", "given_name": "S. U.", "clpid": "Chung-S-U" }, { "family_name": "Clarke", "given_name": "R. F.", "clpid": "Clarke-R-F" }, { "family_name": "Codrington", "given_name": "M. J. M.", "clpid": "Codrington-M-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Coffin", "given_name": "J. P.", "clpid": "Coffin-J-P" }, { "family_name": "Cormier", "given_name": "T. M.", "clpid": "Cormier-T-M" }, { "family_name": "Cosentino", "given_name": "M. R.", "clpid": "Cosentino-M-R" }, { "family_name": "Cramer", "given_name": "J. G.", "clpid": "Cramer-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Crawford", "given_name": "H. J.", "clpid": "Crawford-H-J" }, { "family_name": "Das", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Das-D" }, { "family_name": "Dash", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Dash-S" }, { "family_name": "Daugherity", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Daugherity-M" }, { "family_name": "de Moura", "given_name": "M. M.", "clpid": "de-Moura-M-M" }, { "family_name": "Dedovich", "given_name": "T. G.", "clpid": "Dedovich-T-G" }, { "family_name": "DePhillips", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "DePhillips-M" }, { "family_name": "Derevschikov", "given_name": "A. A.", "clpid": "Derevschikov-A-A" }, { "family_name": "Derradi de Souza", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Derradi-de-Souza-R" }, { "family_name": "Didenko", "given_name": "L.", "clpid": "Didenko-L" }, { "family_name": "Dietel", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Dietel-T" }, { "family_name": "Djawotho", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Djawotho-P" }, { "family_name": "Dogra", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Dogra-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Dong", "given_name": "X.", "clpid": "Dong-X" }, { "family_name": "Drachenberg", "given_name": "J. L.", "clpid": "Drachenberg-J-L" }, { "family_name": "Draper", "given_name": "J. E.", "clpid": "Draper-J-E" }, { "family_name": "Du", "given_name": "F.", "clpid": "Du-F" }, { "family_name": "Dunlop", "given_name": "J. C.", "clpid": "Dunlop-J-C" }, { "family_name": "Dutta Mazumdar", "given_name": "M. R.", "clpid": "Dutta-Mazumdar-M-R" }, { "family_name": "Edwards", "given_name": "W. R.", "clpid": "Edwards-W-R" }, { "family_name": "Efimov", "given_name": "L. G.", "clpid": "Efimov-L-G" }, { "family_name": "Elhalhuli", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Elhalhuli-E" }, { "family_name": "Elnimr", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Elnimr-M" }, { "family_name": "Emelianov", "given_name": "V.", "clpid": "Emelianov-V" }, { "family_name": "Engelage", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Engelage-J" }, { "family_name": "Eppley", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Eppley-G" }, { "family_name": "Erazmus", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Erazmus-B" }, { "family_name": "Estienne", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Estienne-M" }, { "family_name": "Eun", "given_name": "L.", "clpid": "Eun-L" }, { "family_name": "Fachini", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Fachini-P" }, { "family_name": "Fatemi", "given_name": "R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9081-2608", "clpid": "Fatemi-R" }, { "family_name": "Fedorisin", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Fedorisin-J" }, { "family_name": "Feng", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Feng-A" }, { "family_name": "Filip", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Filip-P" }, { "family_name": "Finch", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Finch-E" }, { "family_name": "Fine", "given_name": "V.", "clpid": "Fine-V" }, { "family_name": "Fisyak", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Fisyak-Y" }, { "family_name": "Gagliardi", "given_name": "C. A.", "clpid": "Gagliardi-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Gaillard", "given_name": "L.", "clpid": "Gaillard-L" }, { "family_name": "Gangadharan", "given_name": "D. R.", "clpid": "Gangadharan-D-R" }, { "family_name": "Ganti", "given_name": "M. S.", "clpid": "Ganti-M-S" }, { "family_name": "Garcia-Solis", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Garcia-Solis-E" }, { "family_name": "Ghazikhanian", "given_name": "V.", "clpid": "Ghazikhanian-V" }, { "family_name": "Ghosh", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Ghosh-P" }, { "family_name": "Gorbunov", "given_name": "Y. N.", "clpid": "Gorbunov-Y-N" }, { "family_name": "Gordon", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Gordon-A" }, { "family_name": "Grebenyuk", "given_name": "O.", "clpid": "Grebenyuk-O" }, { "family_name": "Grosnick", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Grosnick-D" }, { "family_name": "Grube", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Grube-B" }, { "family_name": "Guertin", "given_name": "S. M.", "clpid": "Guertin-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Guimaraes", "given_name": "K. S. F. 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H.", "clpid": "Xu-Q-H" }, { "family_name": "Xu", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Xu-Y" }, { "family_name": "Xu", "given_name": "Z.", "clpid": "Xu-Z" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Y. Y.", "clpid": "Yang-Y-Y" }, { "family_name": "Yepes", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Yepes-P" }, { "family_name": "Yoo", "given_name": "I-K.", "clpid": "Yoo-I-K" }, { "family_name": "Yue", "given_name": "Q.", "clpid": "Yue-Q" }, { "family_name": "Zawisza", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Zawisza-M" }, { "family_name": "Zbroszczyk", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Zbroszczyk-H" }, { "family_name": "Zhan", "given_name": "W.", "clpid": "Zhan-W" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Zhang-H" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Zhang-S" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "W. M.", "clpid": "Zhang-Wei-Min" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Y.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9463-3970", "clpid": "Zhang-Y" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Z. P.", "clpid": "Zhang-Z-P" }, { "family_name": "Zhao", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Zhao-Y" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Zhong-C" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Zoulkarneev", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Zoulkarneev-R" }, { "family_name": "Zoulkarneeva", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Zoulkarneeva-Y" }, { "family_name": "Zuo", "given_name": "J. X.", "clpid": "Zuo-J-X" }, { "literal": "STAR Collaboration" } ], "abstract": "We measure directed flow (\u03bd_1) for charged particles in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at \u221aS_(NN)=200 and 62.4 GeV, as a function of pseudorapidity (\u03b7), transverse momentum (p_t), and collision centrality, based on data from the STAR experiment. We find that the directed flow depends on the incident energy but, contrary to all available model implementations, not on the size of the colliding system at a given centrality. We extend the validity of the limiting fragmentation concept to \u03bd_1 in different collision systems, and investigate possible explanations for the observed sign change in \u03bd_1(p_t).", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.252301", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2008-12-19", "series_number": "25", "volume": "101", "issue": "25", "pages": "Art. No. 252301" }, { "id": "authors:gjymy-7k527", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gjymy-7k527", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20091203-143205833", "type": "article", "title": "Forward Neutral-Pion Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetries in p+p Collisions at \u221as =200 Ge V", "author": [ { "family_name": "Abelev", "given_name": "B. I.", "clpid": "Abelev-B-I" }, { "family_name": "Aggarwal", "given_name": "M. 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D.", "clpid": "Westfall-G-D" }, { "family_name": "Whitten", "given_name": "C., Jr.", "clpid": "Whitten-C-Jr" }, { "family_name": "Wieman", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Wieman-H" }, { "family_name": "Wissink", "given_name": "S. W.", "clpid": "Wissink-S-W" }, { "family_name": "Witt", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Witt-Richard" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Wu-J" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Wu-Y" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "N.", "clpid": "Wu-N" }, { "family_name": "Xu", "given_name": "Q. H.", "clpid": "Xu-Q-H" }, { "family_name": "Xu", "given_name": "Z.", "clpid": "Xu-Z" }, { "family_name": "Yepes", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Yepes-P" }, { "family_name": "Yoo", "given_name": "I-K.", "clpid": "Yoo-I-K" }, { "family_name": "Yue", "given_name": "Q.", "clpid": "Yue-Q" }, { "family_name": "Zachariou", "given_name": "N.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7621-5612", "clpid": "Zachariou-Nicholas" }, { "family_name": "Zawisza", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Zawisza-M" }, { "family_name": "Zhan", "given_name": "W.", "clpid": "Zhan-W" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Zhang-H" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Zhang-S" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "W. M.", "clpid": "Zhang-Wei-Min" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Y.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9463-3970", "clpid": "Zhang-Y" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Z. P.", "clpid": "Zhang-Z-P" }, { "family_name": "Zhao", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Zhao-Y" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Zhong-C" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Zhou-J" }, { "family_name": "Zoulkarneev", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Zoulkarneev-R" }, { "family_name": "Zoulkarneeva", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Zoulkarneeva-Y" }, { "family_name": "Zuo", "given_name": "J. X.", "clpid": "Zuo-J-X" } ], "abstract": "We report precision measurements of the Feynman x (x_F) dependence, and first measurements of the transverse momentum (p_T) dependence, of transverse single-spin asymmetries for the production of \u03c0^0 mesons from polarized proton collisions at \u221as =200 Ge V. The x_F dependence of the results is in fair agreement with perturbative QCD model calculations that identify orbital motion of quarks and gluons within the proton as the origin of the spin effects. Results for the p_T dependence at fixed x_F are not consistent with these same perturbative QCD-based calculations.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.222001", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2008-11-28", "series_number": "22", "volume": "101", "issue": "22", "pages": "Art. No. 222001" }, { "id": "authors:y5bf6-m3677", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "y5bf6-m3677", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140924-085848815", "type": "article", "title": "Design and Characterization of a Hypervelocity Expansion Tube Facility", "author": [ { "family_name": "Dufrene", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Dufrene-A" }, { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Austin", "given_name": "J. M.", "clpid": "Austin-J-M" } ], "abstract": "We report on the design and characterization of a 152-mm-diam expansion tube capable of accessing a range of\nhigh-enthalpy test conditions with Mach numbers up to 7.1. Expansion tubes have the potential to offer a wide range\nof test flow conditions as gas acceleration is achieved through interaction with an unsteady expansion wave rather\nthan expansion through a fixed-area-ratio nozzle. However, the range of test flow conditions is limited in practice by a\nnumber of considerations such as a short test time and large-amplitude flow disturbances. We present a generalized\ndesign strategy for small-scale expansion tubes. As a starting point, ideal gasdynamic calculations for optimal facility\ndesign to maximize test time at a given Mach number test condition are presented, together with a correction for the\nexpansion-head reflection through a nonsimple region. A compilation of practical limitations that have been\nidentified for expansion tube facilities, such as diaphragm rupture and flow-disturbance minimization, is then used to\nmap out a functional design parameter space. Experimentally, a range of test conditions are verified through pitot\npressure measurements and analysis of schlieren images of flow over simple geometries. To date, there has been good\nagreement between theoretical and experimental results.", "doi": "10.2514/1.30349", "issn": "0748-4658", "publisher": "AIAA", "publication": "Journal of Propulsion and Power", "publication_date": "2007-11", "series_number": "6", "volume": "23", "issue": "6", "pages": "1185-1193" }, { "id": "authors:t2s62-84e59", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t2s62-84e59", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131113-093032284", "type": "article", "title": "Osmium isotopes in hydrothermal fluids from the Juan de Fuca Ridge", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Wasserburg", "given_name": "G. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7957-8029", "clpid": "Wasserburg-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Hofmann", "given_name": "A. W.", "clpid": "Hofmann-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Butterfield", "given_name": "D. A.", "clpid": "Butterfield-D-A" } ], "abstract": "We present Os data for axial high-temperature and off-axial low-temperature hydrothermal solutions from the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The high-temperature, H\u2082S-bearing axial fluids have unradiogenic Os isotopes pointing to a nearly complete domination of osmium isotopes from the basalts during hydrothermal circulation. The ridge axis fluids typically do not show large enrichment in osmium concentration over seawater although one high-temperature fluid has an Os concentration enhanced by a factor of 4 above seawater. It appears that the Os concentration of high-temperature hydrothermal fluids is typically buffered at roughly the seawater concentration. We suggest that subseafloor precipitation of pyrite from the high-temperature hydrothermal fluids controls the osmium transportation. The axial hydrothermal activity does not supply significant amounts of unradiogenic osmium to the deep oceans. In contrast, a low-temperature off-axis fluid is enriched in non-radiogenic osmium over seawater by a factor of 9, showing much less precipitation of osmium at low temperature. Because a large fraction of the cooling of oceanic lithosphere occurs on ridge flanks, Os from low-temperature, ridge-flank hydrothermal circulation may be a significant contributor to the balance of Os in the oceans. A detailed balance between Os contributions from dissolution of cosmic dust and hydrothermal fluids is still not possible. The low-temperature hydrothermal sample gives \u00b9\u2078\u2077Os/\u00b9\u2078\u2078Os = 0.110 \u00b1 0.001. This extremely unradiogenic osmium can only come from a source that underwent depletion of Re over 2.6 Ga ago. Assuming no contamination during sample collection, this result suggests that the convecting upper mantle contains ancient depleted material that imparted unradiogenic osmium to intruding basaltic melts.", "doi": "10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00099-6", "issn": "0012-821X", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Earth and Planetary Science Letters", "publication_date": "2000-06-15", "series_number": "1", "volume": "179", "issue": "1", "pages": "139-152" }, { "id": "authors:h25kx-z1f44", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "h25kx-z1f44", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131119-140918131", "type": "article", "title": "Himalayan uplift and osmium isotopes in oceans and rivers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Wasserburg", "given_name": "G. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7957-8029", "clpid": "Wasserburg-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Hofmann", "given_name": "A. W.", "clpid": "Hofmann-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Chakrapani", "given_name": "G. J.", "clpid": "Chakrapani-G-J" } ], "abstract": "Previous studies have shown that ^(187)Os/^(188)Os in seawater has become increasingly radiogenic over the last 40 Ma in a manner analogous to strontium. This rapid rise in the marine ^(187)Os/^(188)Os over the last 17 Ma has been attributed to an increase in the bulk silicate weathering rates resulting from the rise of the Himalayas and/or selective weathering and erosion of highly radiogenic organic rich ancient sediments. The key test of this hypothesis is the ^(187)Os/^(188)Os and the total osmium concentration of the Himalayan rivers. We report the concentration and isotopic composition of osmium in the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, and the Indus rivers. The ^(187)Os/^(188)Os of the Ganges close to its source (at Kaudiyal, 30\u00b005\u2032N, 78\u00b050\u2032E) is 2.65 and [Os] = 45 fM/kg. A second sample of the lower reaches of the Ganges at Patna (25\u00b030\u2032N, 85\u00b010\u2032E) gives ^(187)Os/^(188)Os =1.59 and [Os] = 171 fM/kg. The ^(187)Os/^(188)Os of the Brahmaputra at Guwahati (26\u00b010\u2032N, 91\u00b058\u2032E) is 1.07 and [Os] = 52 fM/kg. A sample of the Indus (Besham, 34\u00b055\u2032N, 72\u00b051\u2032E) has a ^(187)Os/^(188)Os of 1.2 and [Os] = 59 fM/kg. We infer that the Himalayas do not provide either a high flow of osmium or a highly radiogenic osmium component to the oceans. The overall trend for osmium and strontium could be explained by a regularly increasing input of global continental weathering sources but the Himalayas themselves appear not to be the dominant source.", "doi": "10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00305-1", "issn": "0016-7037", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "publication_date": "1999-12", "series_number": "23-24", "volume": "63", "issue": "23-24", "pages": "4005-4012" }, { "id": "authors:4ac9k-2x851", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4ac9k-2x851", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131119-101056987", "type": "article", "title": "Osmium in the rivers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Wasserburg", "given_name": "G. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7957-8029", "clpid": "Wasserburg-G-J" } ], "abstract": "There is a large uncertainty in our understanding of the behavior of osmium during weathering and transport into deep oceans and the osmium budget of the oceans. The problem stems chiefly from the lack of osmium data on the dissolved load in the rivers and in the estuaries. In this study, the concentration and isotopic composition of osmium have been determined in three North American rivers (the Mississippi, the Columbia, and the Connecticut) and one river draining central Europe and flowing into the Baltic Sea (the Vistula). Osmium concentration in the Mississippi and the Vistula is about 45 femto mol kg^(\u22121); it is about 14 and 15 femto mol kg^(\u22121) for the Connecticut and the Columbia, respectively. The ^(187)Os/^(186)Os ratios estimated for the Mississippi and the Vistula are 10.4 and 10.7, respectively. For the Connecticut and the Columbia ^(187)Os/^(186)Os = 8.8 and 14.4, respectively. Of all the rivers examined, the Mississippi is by far the largest, supplying \u223c1.6% of the total annual world river flow. Its osmium isotopic composition is identical to the upper Mississippi valley loesses (Esser and Turekian, 1993a) indicating (1) congruent dissolution of the bedrock and (2) little or no impact of anthropogenic sources on the osmium isotopic composition of the dissolved load. The latter observation indicates that the upper limit of the anthropogenic input in the dissolved osmium load of the Mississippi outflow is about 250 g yr^(\u22121). While the osmium concentration of the Vistula is high the isotopic composition does not appear to have been affected by substantial pollution.\nThe river data can be used to put limits on the mean residence time of osmium in the oceans (T_(Os) and on the osmium budget of the oceans. If the bulk river influx of dissolved osmium into the oceans is similar to that of the Mississippi, we get a value for the net riverine inflow of osmium of 1680 mol yr^(\u22121). If there were no sequestering of osmium in the estuaries, this would give a value of T_(Os) of = 1.3 \u00d7 10^4 years. As the estuaries may trap a significant amount of river osmium, this is a lower limit so that T_(Os) \u00bb 1.3 x 10^4 years. Using the iridium data by Anbar et al. (1996), the Os/Ir ratio for the Vistula is 2.8. We infer that there is no large fractionation between osmium and iridium during the transport of these elements from the continents into the oceans. It follows that the high Os/Ir ratio (\u223c22) observed in seawater must be related to the different rain out mechanisms of these elements in the estuaries or in the oceans.", "doi": "10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00329-3", "issn": "0016-7037", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "publication_date": "1997-12", "series_number": "24", "volume": "61", "issue": "24", "pages": "5411-5416" }, { "id": "authors:8s6zh-tex12", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8s6zh-tex12", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131118-150128545", "type": "article", "title": "The concentration and isotopic composition of osmium in the oceans", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Papanastassiou", "given_name": "D. A.", "clpid": "Papanastassiou-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Wasserburg", "given_name": "G. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7957-8029", "clpid": "Wasserburg-G-J" } ], "abstract": "Osmium is one of the rarer elements in seawater. Analytical difficulties have previously prevented the direct measurement of the osmium concentration and isotopic composition in seawater. We report a chemical separation procedure that yields quantitative extraction of osmium standard and of osmium tracer by iron hydroxide precipitation from seawater doped with osmium standard, osmium tracer, and FeCI_3. The iron hydroxide precipitate is processed to extract osmium, using techniques developed for iron meteorites. Utilizing this procedure, water samples from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans were analyzed for osmium concentration and isotopic composition. Direct determination of the osmium concentration of seawater gives between 15 and 19 fM kg^(\u22121). Detailed experiments on different aliquots of one seawater sample from the North Atlantic Ocean, keeping the amounts of reagents constant, yield concentrations from 16 to 19 fM kg^(\u22121). The variability in concentration is outside the uncertainty introduced because of blanks and indicates a lack of full equilibration between the osmium tracer and seawater osmium. The most reliable osmium concentration of the North Atlantic deep ocean water is 19 fM kg^(\u22121) with the ^(187)Os^(186)Os ratio being 8.7 \u00b1 0.2 (2\u03c3). Detailed experiments on one seawater sample from the Central Pacific Ocean indicate that the most reliable osmium concentration of the deep ocean water from the Central Pacific is 19 fM kg^(\u22121) with the ^(187)Os^(186)Os ratio being 8.7 \u00b1 0.3 (2\u03c3). The directly measured osmium isotopic composition of the oceans is in good agreement with that obtained from the analysis of some rapidly accumulating organic rich sediments (Ravizza and Turekian, 1992). A sample of ambient seawater around the Juan de Fuca Ridge gave ^(187)Os^(186)Os= 6.9 \u00b1 0.4. This is distinctly lower than the deep-sea water value and may reflect local hydrothermal activity or some analytical difficulty with this sample. The osmium isotopic composition of the deep oceans indicates that \u223c80% of the osmium is derived from the continents and the rest from extraterrestrial and hydrothermal sources. Using the iridium data of Anbar et al. (1996, 1997) we find that the Os/Ir ratio is \u223c22 for seawater. The mean residence time of osmium (\u03c4_(Os)) cannot be derived directly from these data. However, using the Os/Ir ratio of seawater and the Os/Ir ratio of continental rocks, a lower limit can be established of \u03c4_(Os) \u2265 4.4 \u00d7 10^4 years. The Os/Ir in modern deep sea sediments should be relatively constant and is distinctly less radiogenic than seawater osmium due to limited evaporation (26%) of osmium from infalling cosmic dust. Relative to the cosmic dust infall the hydrothermal sources may, however, play a smaller but significant role in the bulk economy of dissolved osmium and other Platinum Group Elements in the oceans.", "doi": "10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00210-X", "issn": "0016-7037", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "publication_date": "1997-08", "series_number": "16", "volume": "61", "issue": "16", "pages": "3287-3299" }, { "id": "authors:8we2r-cdf62", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8we2r-cdf62", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131119-093907366", "type": "article", "title": "The neodymium isotopic compositions and rare earth patterns in highly depleted ultramafic rocks", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Wasserburg", "given_name": "G. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7957-8029", "clpid": "Wasserburg-G-J" } ], "abstract": "A large number of terrestrial and extraterrestrial reservoirs are sampled by ultradepleted rocks containing mainly olivine and orthopyroxene. However, very few attempts have been made to determine the REE contents and neodymium isotopic composition of such samples due to substantial analytical problems in handling large sample volumes. We describe a chemical separation technique with high chemical yield and low contamination suitable for extraction of REEs from depleted ultramafic rocks. After sample dissolution, we use the Fe present in the rock for coprecipitation of REEs while keeping Mg, the dominant major element in an ultramafic rock, in solution. This technique reduces the effective sample size by an order of magnitude, thus permitting the use of existing column techniques to separate the lanthanides. Utilizing this procedure, eight harzburgites and a dunite, associated with the mantle sections of ophiolite complexes, were analyzed for REE and neodymium isotopic composition. The results show the LREE concentrations varying from sub parts per billion to less than 10 ppb; the Yb concentrations representing the HREEs vary from 1 to 70 ppb. The rocks have \u0192_(Sm/Nd) values ranging from \u22120.45 to +3.4 and \u03f5_(Nd)(0) values varying from \u221212.5 to +47.5. The ultramafic rocks can be classified into two groups using their initial \u03f5_(Nd)(t) values. The samples with \u03f5_(Nd)(t) > +7 are derived from depleted MORB mantle and show extreme LREE depletion and HREE enrichment with no hint of a U-shaped REE pattern. However, samples with \u03f5_(Nd)(t) < +7 yield REE patterns that are either U-shaped or flatten towards the LREE end are interpreted as having been contaminated by continental crust. We conclude that the U-shaped REE patterns found in many harzburgites associated with mantle sections of ophiolite complexes are the result of crustal contamination and not the consequence of peculiar fractionation during melting. The HREE depletion shown by the samples with \u03f5_(Nd)(t) > +7 can be modeled with equilibrium fractional melting. However, the observed (La/Sm)_N ratios are several orders of magnitude higher than predicted by the melting model. We suggest that the high (La/Sm)_N ratios in the ultradepleted samples may be a result of refertilization by basaltic melts. The chemical procedure developed in this paper permits a full exploration of ultradepleted rocks from the upper mantle as well as some classes of meteorites that are highly depleted.", "doi": "10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00280-3", "issn": "0016-7037", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "publication_date": "1996-11", "series_number": "22", "volume": "60", "issue": "22", "pages": "4537-4550" }, { "id": "authors:83mnc-q6f85", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "83mnc-q6f85", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131119-085601668", "type": "article", "title": "Reply to the comment by S. B. Jacobsen and C. L. Harper Jr. on \"The issue of the terrestrial record of ^(146)Sm\"", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Papanastassiou", "given_name": "D. A.", "clpid": "Papanastassiou-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Wasserburg", "given_name": "G. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7957-8029", "clpid": "Wasserburg-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Dymek", "given_name": "R. F.", "clpid": "Dymek-R-F" } ], "abstract": "There is abundant evidence for the widespread occurrence\nof live ^(146)Sm(\u01ac = 149 Ma) in the early Solar System as\nestablished by correlated Sm/Nd and ^(142)Nd/^(144)Nd in meteorites (Lugmair and Marti, 1977; Lugmair et al., 1983; Jacobsen and Wasserburg, 1984; Prinzhofer et al., 1989, 1992; Lugmair and Galer, 1992; Nyquist et al., 1994; Stewart et al., 1994; Sharma et al., 1995).", "doi": "10.1016/S0016-7037(96)90093-9", "issn": "0016-7037", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "publication_date": "1996-10", "series_number": "19", "volume": "60", "issue": "19", "pages": "3751-3754" }, { "id": "authors:c8spa-n4284", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c8spa-n4284", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131115-113712611", "type": "article", "title": "The issue of the terrestrial record of ^(146)Sm", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Papanastassiou", "given_name": "D. A.", "clpid": "Papanastassiou-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Wasserburg", "given_name": "G. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7957-8029", "clpid": "Wasserburg-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Dymek", "given_name": "R. F.", "clpid": "Dymek-R-F" } ], "abstract": "Harper and Jacobsen (1992a) have reported a 33 \u03bc (\u03bc = parts per million) ^(142)Nd excess in a 3.8 Ga felsic gneiss (IE 715-28) from Isua, West Greenland. This excess was interpreted as due to a preserved effect in a parent reservoir produced early (between 4.5 and 4.3 Ga) while the short-lived parent of ^(142)Nd (^(146)Sm, T = 149 M\u0251 was still alive. If this result can be substantiated it would indicate an early earth differentiation and generation of parent reservoirs with large Sm/Nd ratios and it would suggest the existence of mechanisms that preserved the ^(142)Nd excess in a 3.8 Ga crustal rock. However, no independent evidence for the ^(142)Nd excesses has been found for other terrestrial samples (Goldstein and Galer, 1992, 1993; McCulloch and Bennett, 1993; Regelous and Collerson, 1995a,b). Inasmuch as the level of the reported effect ( \u223c30 \u03bc excess of ^(142)Nd) requires hitherto undocumented high precision, our efforts have been directed toward addressing the central issue of whether existing high precision mass spectrometers can resolve \u223c30 \u03bc ^(142)Nd excesses. Standards were made up with 0, 30, and 57 \u03bc ^(142)Nd excesses to test the reliability and reproducibility of measuring such isotopic shifts. We used the same model, multicollector mass spectrometer (Finnigan MAT 262) as Harper and Jacobsen (1992a). The data were obtained with 2 \u00d7 10^(\u221211) A ^(142)Nd^+ ion beams, in the static mode. Our experiments show that positioning of the sample filament and ion source focusing potentials can engender large effects (up to 60 \u03bc) and arbitrary shifts in measured '42Nd/'44Nd ratios. We have not been able to identify an a priori method for avoiding these shifts. Under restricted focusing conditions, borne out from our experimentation, it is possible to obtain reproducible results for a short term. Since there is little understanding of what constitutes \"reproducible conditions,\" especially when it comes to ion beam focusing, we believe it is not yet possible to obtain reliable results at the level required. Using restricted focusing conditions, we found strong hints of ^(142)Nd excesses in two rocks from Isua, including the sample analyzed by Harper and Jacobsen (1992a) thereby supporting their claim of an effect. However, we did not find it possible to achieve the level of precision reported by these workers. Moreover, it has not been possible for us to reproduce the results on standards and samples in any regular way. This difficulty has persisted throughout an extensive series of experiments in which considerable care was directed towards identifying optimal instrumental operating conditions. We conclude that further refinements in the experimental techniques are needed to obtain reliable ultra high precision measurements. This is necessary before the issue of a terrestrial record of ^(141)Sm is resolved.", "doi": "10.1016/0016-7037(96)00082-8", "issn": "0016-7037", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "publication_date": "1996-06", "series_number": "11", "volume": "60", "issue": "11", "pages": "2037-2047" }, { "id": "authors:h446f-0nw53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "h446f-0nw53", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131115-092933548", "type": "article", "title": "High ^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd in extremely depleted mantle rocks", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sharma", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Sharma-M" }, { "family_name": "Wasserburg", "given_name": "G. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7957-8029", "clpid": "Wasserburg-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Papanastassiou", "given_name": "D. A.", "clpid": "Papanastassiou-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Quick", "given_name": "J. E.", "clpid": "Quick-J-E" }, { "family_name": "Sharkov", "given_name": "E. V.", "clpid": "Sharkov-E-V" }, { "family_name": "Laz'ko", "given_name": "E. E.", "clpid": "Laz'ko-E-E" } ], "abstract": "Using an iron hydroxide precipitation to concentrate the rare earth elements it was possible to obtain precise Nd isotopic data on ultramafic rocks. Four samples of unserpentinized harzburgite from the Voykar ophiolite, Polar Urals, are characterized by extreme depletion in fertile components including light rare earth elements down to \u223c 1.7 ppb Nd. These samples have f_(Sm/Nd) values > +1 and \u03b5_(Nd)(O) values ranging from +21 to +47, the highest ever measured in terrestrial whole rock samples. Combined \u03b5_(Nd) and \u03b5_(Sr) values of the ultramafic and mafic rocks and a leach indicate that alteration from seawater and/or groundwater is orders of magnitude less than required to produce a detectable change in the \u03b5_(Nd) values even in samples with > 50% serpentine. Three of the harzburgites plot on a Sm-Nd whole rock array along with samples of dunite, websterite, gabbro and diabase from the ophiolite. The slope of the array corresponds to an age of 387 \u00b1 34 Ma and an initial \u03b5_(Nd) = +8.6 \u00b1 1.8. These results indicate that the oceanic crustal rocks and the harzburgites are complementary and come from a MORB source. While the linear ^(147)Sm/^(144)Nd-^(143)Nd/^(144)Nd correlation is consistent with this model, one sample of harzburgite is far removed from the array, indicating the presence of older, depleted mantle material that is unrelated to the crustal section. This must be locally available in the upper mantle for tectonic occlusion during obduction of the ophiolite. Alternatively, this \"aberrant\" sample may represent the original ultrabasic section from older basalt extraction that was permeated by basalts derived from much deeper layers that provided the Voykar ophiolite crust. The major-element and low-REE-compositions of the Voykar harzburgites can be formed by progressive extraction of melt from an undepleted mantle protolith with the requirement that melt separation began in the garnet lherzolite stability field. The extreme chemical and isotopic characteristics of the Voykar harzburgites demonstrate that extraction of partial melt can generate an upper mantle with highly variable \u03b5_(Nd) and very low Nd concentrations. The potential presence of large amounts of such material in the upper mantle poses an intriguing geochemical problem in that its bulk isotopic signature may not be detectably expressed in basalts, which are dominated by sources with higher average Nd concentrations and much lower \u03b5_(Nd) and f_(Sm/Nd).", "doi": "10.1016/0012-821X(95)00150-B", "issn": "0012-821X", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Earth and Planetary Science Letters", "publication_date": "1995-10", "series_number": "1-4", "volume": "135", "issue": "1-4", "pages": "101-114" } ]