[ { "id": "authors:5eghr-5w830", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5eghr-5w830", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170411-074904432", "type": "book_section", "title": "Science of the Environmental Chamber", "book_title": "Advances in Atmospheric Chemistry", "author": [ { "family_name": "Schwantes", "given_name": "Rebecca H.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7095-3718", "clpid": "Schwantes-R-H" }, { "family_name": "McVay", "given_name": "Renee C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7766-5009", "clpid": "McVay-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Xuan", "clpid": "Zhang-Xuan" }, { "family_name": "Coggon", "given_name": "Matthew M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925", "clpid": "Coggon-M-M" }, { "family_name": "Lignell", "given_name": "Hanna", "orcid": "0000-0001-7049-1659", "clpid": "Lignell-H" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Wennberg", "given_name": "Paul O.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854", "clpid": "Wennberg-P-O" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Barker", "given_name": "John R.", "clpid": "Barker-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Steiner", "given_name": "Allison L.", "clpid": "Steiner-A-L" }, { "family_name": "Wallington", "given_name": "Timothy J.", "clpid": "Wallington-T-J" } ], "abstract": "Atmospheric chemistry is simulated in the laboratory using several types of environmental chambers; these include the batch chamber, the continuously mixed flow reactor, and the flow tube reactor. These reactors are used to study gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), the process by which VOCs undergo oxidation to form low-volatility products that condense onto particles. This chapter focuses on the design and characterization of environmental chambers, including: (1) radiation conditions; (2) chamber mixing state; (3) chemical blank experiments; (4) free radical generation (principally the hydroxyl (OH) radical); (5) high-versus-low-NO conditions that govern the nature of VOC oxidation chemistry; (6) deposition of particles onto chamber walls; (7) deposition of organic vapors onto chamber walls; and (8) determination of the yield of SOA. Comparison of the design and behavior of the different types of reactor is addressed in detail. The performance of the differential mobility analyzer (DMA), the prime instrument for measuring aerosol size distributions in chambers, is addressed.", "doi": "10.1142/9789813147355_0001", "isbn": "9789813147355", "publisher": "World Scientific", "publication_date": "2017", "pages": "1-93" }, { "id": "authors:v56zy-h7q37", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "v56zy-h7q37", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190503-143316299", "type": "book_section", "title": "Tropospheric Chemistry and Composition - Aerosols/Particles", "book_title": "Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences", "author": [ { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "J. H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "North", "given_name": "Gerald R.", "clpid": "North-G-R" }, { "family_name": "Pyle", "given_name": "John A.", "clpid": "Pyle-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Fuqing", "clpid": "Zhang-Fuqing" } ], "abstract": "Particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. The tropospheric aerosol is remarkably diverse in its composition, reflecting the wide range of particle sources in the atmosphere. Chemical components of tropospheric particles include inorganic materials such as sulfate, ammonium, nitrate, trace metals, and a wide array of carbonaceous compounds. Concentrations of airborne particles vary greatly over the globe, from the lowest concentrations in pristine areas to the highest levels in polluted urban centers. Atmospheric aerosols carry the chemical signature of the sources of direct particle emissions into the atmosphere as well as that of the conversion of gaseous molecules into particulate-phase species.", "doi": "10.1016/b978-0-12-382225-3.00438-2", "isbn": "978-0-12-382225-3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "place_of_publication": "Amsterdam", "publication_date": "2014-09-18", "pages": "182-187" }, { "id": "authors:pcvfz-3c825", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pcvfz-3c825", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140310-102849450", "type": "book_section", "title": "Observed aerosol effects on marine cloud nucleation and supersaturation", "book_title": "Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols", "author": [ { "family_name": "Russell", "given_name": "Lynn M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375", "clpid": "Russell-L-M" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "J. H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Yi-Chun", "orcid": "0000-0001-7997-8578", "clpid": "Chen-Yi-Chun" }, { "family_name": "Coggon", "given_name": "Matthew", "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925", "clpid": "Coggon-M-M" }, { "family_name": "Craven", "given_name": "Jill S.", "clpid": "Craven-J-S" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "Richard C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Metcalf", "given_name": "Andrew R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356", "clpid": "Metcalf-A-R" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "DeMott", "given_name": "Paul J.", "clpid": "DeMott-P-J" }, { "family_name": "O'Dowd", "given_name": "Colin D.", "clpid": "O'Dowd-C-D" } ], "abstract": "Aerosol particles in the marine boundary layer include primary organic and salt particles from sea spray and combustion-derived particles from ships and coastal cities. These particle types serve as nuclei for marine cloud droplet activation, although the particles that activate depend on the particle size and composition as well as the supersaturation that results from cloud updraft velocities. The Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (EPEACE) 2011 was a targeted aircraft campaign to assess how different particle types nucleate cloud droplets. As part of E-PEACE 2011, we studied the role of marine particles as cloud droplet nuclei and used emitted particle sources to separate particle-induced feedbacks from dynamical variability. The emitted particle sources included shipboard smoke-generated particles with 0.05-1 \u03bcm diameters (which produced tracks measured by satellite and had drop composition characteristic of organic smoke) and combustion particles from container ships with 0.05-0.2 \u03bcm diameters (which were measured in a variety of conditions with droplets containing both organic and sulfate components) [1]. Three central aspects of the collaborative E-PEACE results are: (1) the size and chemical composition of the emitted smoke particles compared to ship-track-forming cargo ship emissions as well as background marine particles, with particular attention to the role of organic particles, (2) the characteristics of cloud track formation for smoke and cargo ships, as well as the role of multi-layered low clouds, and (3) the implications of these findings for quantifying aerosol indirect effects. For comparison with the E-PEACE results, the preliminary results of the Stratocumulus Observations of Los-Angeles Emissions Derived Aerosol-Droplets (SOLEDAD) 2012 provided evidence of the cloud-nucleating roles of both marine organic particles and coastal urban pollution, with simultaneous measurements of the effective supersaturations of the clouds in the California coastal region.", "doi": "10.1063/1.4803366", "isbn": "978-0-7354-1152-4", "publisher": "Melville, NY", "place_of_publication": "American Institute of Physics", "publication_date": "2013-06", "pages": "696-701" }, { "id": "authors:tgxpt-x8229", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "tgxpt-x8229", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200603-084113107", "type": "book_section", "title": "Localized Ensemble Kalman Dynamic Data Assimilation for Atmospheric Chemistry", "book_title": "Computational Science \u2013 ICCS 2007", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sandu", "given_name": "Adrian", "clpid": "Sandu-A" }, { "family_name": "Constantinescu", "given_name": "Emil M.", "clpid": "Constantinescu-E-M" }, { "family_name": "Carmichael", "given_name": "Gregory R.", "clpid": "Carmichael-G-R" }, { "family_name": "Chai", "given_name": "Tianfeng", "clpid": "Chai-Tianfeng" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" }, { "family_name": "D\u0103escu", "given_name": "Dacian", "clpid": "D\u0103escu-D" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Shi", "given_name": "Yong", "clpid": "Shi-Yong" }, { "family_name": "van Albada", "given_name": "Geert Dick", "clpid": "van-Albada-G-D" }, { "family_name": "Dongarra", "given_name": "Jack", "clpid": "Dongarra-J" }, { "family_name": "Sloot", "given_name": "Peter M. A.", "clpid": "Sloot-P-M-A" } ], "abstract": "The task of providing an optimal analysis of the state of the atmosphere requires the development of dynamic data-driven systems (DDDAS) that efficiently integrate the observational data and the models. Data assimilation, the dynamic incorporation of additional data into an executing application, is an essential DDDAS concept with wide applicability. In this paper we discuss practical aspects of nonlinear ensemble Kalman data assimilation applied to atmospheric chemical transport models. We highlight the challenges encountered in this approach such as filter divergence and spurious corrections, and propose solutions to overcome them, such as background covariance inflation and filter localization. The predictability is further improved by including model parameters in the assimilation process. Results for a large scale simulation of air pollution in North-East United States illustrate the potential of nonlinear ensemble techniques to assimilate chemical observations.", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-540-72584-8_134", "isbn": "978-3-540-72583-1", "publisher": "Springer", "place_of_publication": "Berlin", "publication_date": "2007", "pages": "1018-1025" }, { "id": "authors:b9k4d-1ss05", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "b9k4d-1ss05", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200127-095651205", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation for Atmospheric Chemical Transport Models", "book_title": "Computational Science - ICCS 2005", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sandu", "given_name": "Adrian", "clpid": "Sandu-A" }, { "family_name": "Constantinescu", "given_name": "Emil M.", "clpid": "Constantinescu-E-M" }, { "family_name": "Liao", "given_name": "Wenyuan", "clpid": "Liao-Wenyuan" }, { "family_name": "Carmichael", "given_name": "Gregory R.", "clpid": "Carmichael-G-R" }, { "family_name": "Chai", "given_name": "Tianfeng", "clpid": "Chai-Tianfeng" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" }, { "family_name": "D\u0103escu", "given_name": "Dacian", "clpid": "D\u0103escu-D" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Sunderam", "given_name": "Vaidy S.", "clpid": "Sunderam-V-S" }, { "family_name": "van Albada", "given_name": "Geert Dick", "clpid": "van-Albada-G-D" }, { "family_name": "Sloot", "given_name": "Peter M. A.", "clpid": "Sloot-P-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Dongarra", "given_name": "Jack J.", "clpid": "Dongarra-J-J" } ], "abstract": "The task of providing an optimal analysis of the state of the atmosphere requires the development of dynamic data-driven systems (D\u00b3AS) that efficiently integrate the observational data and the models. In this paper we discuss fundamental aspects of nonlinear ensemble data assimilation applied to atmospheric chemical transport models. We formulate autoregressive models for the background errors and show how these models are capable of capturing flow dependent correlations. Total energy singular vectors describe the directions of maximum errors growth and are used to initialize the ensembles. We highlight the challenges encountered in the computation of singular vectors in the presence of stiff chemistry and propose solutions to overcome them. Results for a large scale simulation of air pollution in East Asia illustrate the potential of nonlinear ensemble techniques to assimilate chemical observations.", "doi": "10.1007/11428848_84", "isbn": "978-3-540-26043-1", "publisher": "Springer", "place_of_publication": "Berlin", "publication_date": "2005", "pages": "648-655" }, { "id": "authors:3zvf0-bhh54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3zvf0-bhh54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141104-141215973", "type": "book_section", "title": "Vertically resolved aerosol optical properties over the ARM SGP site", "author": [ { "family_name": "Schmid", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Schmid-B" }, { "family_name": "Jonsson", "given_name": "H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074", "clpid": "Jonsson-H-H" }, { "family_name": "Strawa", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Strawa-A" }, { "family_name": "Provencal", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Provencal-B" }, { "family_name": "Covert", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Covert-D" }, { "family_name": "Arnott", "given_name": "W. P.", "clpid": "Arnott-W-P" }, { "family_name": "Bucholtz", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Bucholtz-A" }, { "family_name": "Pilewskie", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Pilewskie-P" }, { "family_name": "Pommier", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Pommier-J" }, { "family_name": "Rissman", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Rissman-T-A" }, { "family_name": "VanReken", "given_name": "T.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911", "clpid": "VanReken-T-M" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Wang-Jian" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Redemann", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Redemann-J" }, { "family_name": "Eilers", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Eilers-J" } ], "abstract": "We will present an overview of early airborne results obtained aboard the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted\nAircraft Studies (CIRP AS) Twin Otter aircraft during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program aerosol\nintensive observation period in May 2003.", "publisher": "Institute for Tropospheric Research", "publication_date": "2003" }, { "id": "authors:205x9-1ca75", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "205x9-1ca75", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141104-142254124", "type": "book_section", "title": "Overview of ACE-Asia spring 2001 investigations on aerosol-radiation interactions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Russell", "given_name": "P. B.", "clpid": "Russell-P-B" }, { "family_name": "Flatau", "given_name": "P. J.", "clpid": "Flatau-P-J" }, { "family_name": "Valero", "given_name": "F. P. J.", "clpid": "Valero-F-P-J" }, { "family_name": "Nakajima", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Nakajima-T" }, { "family_name": "Holben", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Holben-B-N" }, { "family_name": "Pilewskie", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Pilewskie-P" }, { "family_name": "Bergin", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Bergin-M" }, { "family_name": "Schmid", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Schmid-B" }, { "family_name": "Bergstrom", "given_name": "R. W.", "clpid": "Bergstrom-R-W" }, { "family_name": "Vogelmann", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Vogelmann-A-M" }, { "family_name": "Bush", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Bush-B" }, { "family_name": "Redemann", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Redemann-J" }, { "family_name": "Pope", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Pope-S" }, { "family_name": "Livingston", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Livingston-J" }, { "family_name": "Leitner", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Leitner-S" }, { "family_name": "Hsu", "given_name": "N. C.", "clpid": "Hsu-N-C" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Wang-J" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" }, { "family_name": "Hegg", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Hegg-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Quinn", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Quinn-P-K" }, { "family_name": "Covert", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Covert-D" } ], "abstract": "In spring 2001 the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol\nCharacterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) made\nextensive measurements from land, ocean, air and\nspace platforms. A primary objective was to\nquantify the interactions between aerosols and\nradiation. This talk presents illustrative results from\neach type of platform, with initial assessments of\nregional aerosol radiative forcing obtained by\ncombining satellite and suborbital results.", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "publication_date": "2002" }, { "id": "authors:zk7m0-z9311", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zk7m0-z9311", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NENaipcp00", "type": "book_section", "title": "Aerosol-cloud interactions in global models of indirect aerosol radiative forcing", "book_title": "NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS 2000: 15th International Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Nenes", "given_name": "Athanasios", "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970", "clpid": "Nenes-Athanasios" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hale", "given_name": "Barbara N." }, { "family_name": "Kulmala", "given_name": "Markku" } ], "abstract": "The sensitivity of cloud optical properties with respect to parameters that affect aerosol activation is examined. Of particular interest are the effect of volatile gases (such as HNO3), slightly soluble and surfactant species. An adiabatic parcel model is used to simulate cloud droplet formation. Cloud optical properties are calculated from these simulations.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1361930", "isbn": "1-56396-958-0", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "place_of_publication": "Melville, NY", "publication_date": "2000-08-02", "pages": "565-568" }, { "id": "authors:3xj4x-5n661", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3xj4x-5n661", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KULaipcp00a", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ternary nucleation of H_2SO_4, NH_3 and H_2O", "book_title": "Nucleation and atmospheric aerosols 2000 : 15th International Conference, Rolla, Missouri, 6-11 August 2000", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kulmala", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Kulmala-M" }, { "family_name": "Korhonen", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Korhonen-P" }, { "family_name": "Laaksonen", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Laaksonen-A" }, { "family_name": "Viisanen", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Viisanen-Y" }, { "family_name": "McGraw", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "McGraw-R" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "J. H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hale", "given_name": "Barbara N.", "clpid": "Hale-B-N" }, { "family_name": "Kulmala", "given_name": "Markku", "clpid": "Kulmala-M" } ], "abstract": "A classical theory of the ternary homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid\u2014ammonia\u2014water is presented. For NH3 mixing ratios exceeding 1 ppt, the presence of ammonia enhances the binary (sulfuric acid\u2014water) nucleation rate by several orders of magnitude. However, the limiting component for ternary nucleation\u2014as for binary nucleation\u2014is sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid concentration needed for significant ternary nucleation is several orders of magnitude below that required in binary case.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1361826", "isbn": "1-56396-958-0", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "place_of_publication": "Melville, NY", "publication_date": "2000-08-02", "pages": "111-114" }, { "id": "authors:je4zk-dcp63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "je4zk-dcp63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141103-131053475", "type": "book_section", "title": "Airborne sunphotometer, airborne in-situ, space-borne, and ground-based measurements of tropospheric aerosol in ACE-2", "book_title": "IEEE 2000 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS 2000)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Schmid", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Schmid-B" }, { "family_name": "Collins", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Collins-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Gass\u00f3", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Gass\u00f3-S" }, { "family_name": "\u00d6str\u00f6m", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "\u00d6str\u00f6m-E" }, { "family_name": "Powell", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Powell-D" }, { "family_name": "Welton", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Welton-E" }, { "family_name": "Durkee", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Durkee-P-A" }, { "family_name": "Livingston", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Livingston-J" }, { "family_name": "Russell", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Russell-P" }, { "family_name": "Flagan", "given_name": "R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X", "clpid": "Flagan-R-C" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "J.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" }, { "family_name": "Hegg", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Hegg-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Noone", "given_name": "K.", "clpid": "Noone-K-J" }, { "family_name": "Voss", "given_name": "K.", "clpid": "Voss-K" }, { "family_name": "Reagan", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Reagan-J" }, { "family_name": "Spinhirne", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Spinhirne-J" }, { "family_name": "McIntosh", "given_name": "D. M.", "clpid": "McIntosh-D-M" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Stein", "given_name": "Tammy I.", "clpid": "Stein-T-I" } ], "abstract": "The North Atlantic Regional Aerosol Characterization\nExperiment (ACE-2) of the International Global Atmospheric\nChemistry Project (IGAC) ran from 16 June to 25 July 1997.\nThe results presented in this study are part of the \"Clear-sky\ncolumn closure experiment\" (CLEARCOLUMN) activity,\none of 6 ACE-2 activities [1]. Clear-sky column closure\nexperiments call for characterization of aerosol layers by\nsimultaneous measurements using different techniques that\ncan be related using models [2]. \n\nA wide range of aerosol types was encountered throughout\nthe ACE-2 area, including background Atlantic marine,\nEuropean pollution-derived and African mineral dust. In a\nseries of papers, we reported on ACE-2 CLEARCOLUMN\nresults obtained by combining airborne sunphotometer and\nin-situ measurements taken aboard the Pelican aircraft, spaceborne\nNOAA/VHRR data and ground-based lidar and\nsunphotometer measurements [3]-[10]. Those and other\nCLEARCOLUMN results have been summarized in [11]. \n\nIn this paper we only report on results not shown in this\nform in [3]-[11].", "doi": "10.1109/IGARSS.2000.857288", "isbn": "0-7803-6360-4", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2000-07", "pages": "1613-1615" }, { "id": "authors:p9f37-fv175", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p9f37-fv175", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230301-203933318", "type": "book_section", "title": "Aerosols", "author": [ { "family_name": "Okuyama", "given_name": "Kikuo", "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442", "clpid": "Okuyama-Kikuo" }, { "family_name": "Kousaka", "given_name": "Yasuo", "clpid": "Kousaka-Yasuo" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Pfafflin", "given_name": "J. R.", "clpid": "Pfafflin-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Ziegler", "given_name": "E. N.", "clpid": "Ziegler-E-N" } ], "abstract": "An aerosol is a system of tiny particles suspended in a\ngas. Aerosols or particulate matter refer to any substance,\nexcept pure water, that exists as a liquid or solid in the\natmosphere under normal conditions and is of microscopic\nor submicroscopic size but larger than molecular\ndimensions.", "publisher": "Caltech Library", "publication_date": "1992" }, { "id": "authors:d1dcq-7wx48", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "d1dcq-7wx48", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230302-162724808", "type": "book_section", "title": "Transient kinetics of nucleation", "book_title": "Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols", "author": [ { "family_name": "Shi", "given_name": "Frank G.", "clpid": "Shi-Frank-G" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Fukuta", "given_name": "N.", "clpid": "Fukuta-N" }, { "family_name": "Wagner", "given_name": "P. E.", "clpid": "Wagner-P-E" } ], "abstract": "A newly developed approach for solving the kinetic equation governing the cluster size distribution in the nucleation barrier region and beyond is outlined. New results obtained for the transient kinetics of nucleation and their experimental and theoretical implications are briefly reviewed.", "isbn": "0 937194 26 3", "publisher": "Deepak Publishing", "place_of_publication": "Hampton, VA", "publication_date": "1992", "pages": "1-10" }, { "id": "authors:a1wn9-nn134", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a1wn9-nn134", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230304-774985600.5", "type": "book_section", "title": "Environmental Chemical Engineering", "book_title": "Perspectives in Chemical Engineering: Research and Education", "author": [ { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Colton", "given_name": "Clark K.", "clpid": "Colton-Clark-K" } ], "abstract": "As environmental regulations have expanded and the technology being controlled has become more advanced, the associated chemical engineering problems have grown more complex. Chemical engineers have had prominent roles in the development of stack gas scrubbing technologies, in understanding the mechanisms of particle and NO_x, formation in coal combustion, and in developing mathematical models of air pollution. Research that can be classified as environmental engineering occurs in academic departments of civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. In terms of numbers of faculty members, the majority is carried out in departments of civil and environmental engineering. There are certain problems and opportunities for chemical engineers in environmental research. This chapter discusses some important problems in environmental chemical engineering to convey their flavor and challenges. There exist significant environmental research opportunities for chemical engineers, for example, in incineration of hazardous wastes, environmental behavior of toxic substances, synthesis and design of nonpolluting plants, regional and global air pollution, and water chemistry. Most environmental problems are highly complex and often ill defined. At a minimum, they usually require a synthesis of virtually all elements of the chemical engineer's arsenal-thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, and transport phenomena; at the most, an interdisciplinary team.", "doi": "10.1016/s0065-2377(08)60157-x", "isbn": "9780120085163", "publisher": "Academic Press", "place_of_publication": "San Diego, CA", "publication_date": "1991", "pages": "267-292" }, { "id": "authors:hgdar-qq737", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hgdar-qq737", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200930-113055318", "type": "book_section", "title": "Optimal sensor and actuator locations in distributed parameter systems", "book_title": "System Modelling and Optimization", "author": [ { "family_name": "Omatu", "given_name": "Sigeru", "clpid": "Omatu-Sigeru" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Iri", "given_name": "Masao", "clpid": "Iri-Masao" }, { "family_name": "Yajima", "given_name": "Keiji", "clpid": "Yajima-Keiji" } ], "abstract": "The optimal sensor and actuator location problem in distributed parameter systems is considered. The sensor and actuator locations are chosen to minimize the performance criterion on the LQG problem with noises dependening on the actuator and sensor locations. The existence theorem for the optimal sensor and actuator locations is proved based on a property of evolution operators. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived by using properties of operator-valued Riccati equations and evolution operators. It is shown that a duality holds between the sensor and actuator locations.", "doi": "10.1007/bfb0042795", "isbn": "3540192387", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag", "place_of_publication": "Berlin/Heidelberg", "publication_date": "1988", "pages": "269-276" }, { "id": "authors:vqaaw-q1r90", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vqaaw-q1r90", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170718-165813154", "type": "book_section", "title": "Estimation of petroleum reservoir properties", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Tai-yong", "clpid": "Lee-Tai-Yong" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "abstract": "We present an algorithm for estimating the absolute and relative permeabilities in petroleum reservoir models based on regularization and spline approximation. A computational example is included.", "doi": "10.1109/CDC.1987.272638", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication_date": "1987-12" }, { "id": "authors:bvv9j-41344", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "bvv9j-41344", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-571259000.7", "type": "book_section", "title": "Mathematical Modeling of Packed Bed Reactors: Numerical Solutions and Control Model Development", "book_title": "Advances in Chemical Engineering", "author": [ { "family_name": "Khanna", "given_name": "Rohit", "clpid": "Khanna-Rohit" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Anderson", "given_name": "John L.", "clpid": "Anderson-John-L" }, { "family_name": "Bischoff", "given_name": "Kenneth B.", "clpid": "Bischoff-Kenneth-B" }, { "family_name": "Denn", "given_name": "Morton M.", "clpid": "Denn-Morton-M" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "abstract": "This chapter presents an analysis of the development of dynamic models for packed bed reactors, with particular emphasis on models that can be used in control system design. The method of approach formulates a comprehensives, relatively detailed packed bed reactor model. The chapter also considers the techniques available for numerical solution of the model; and utilizes one such numerical solution to examine simplifications of the model based on its underlying physics. It then describes how the model may be reduced mathematically to one useful for control system design. Mathematical models of packed bed reactors are needed for the description of steady-state and dynamic behavior for process design, optimization, and control. Although insufficient detail can lead to a model incapable of accurately representing the reactor's response to changes in operating variables, excessive detail can lead to a model that is computationally impractical or contains parameters the values of which cannot accurately be determined from operating data. Thus, although the development is intended to be generally applicable to packed bed reactor modeling, all numerical results are obtained for the methanation system. As a result, some approximations that are found to apply in the methanation system may not in other reaction systems, and, where possible. The chapter discusses approaches to numerical solution of the model with a detailed exposition of one approach, orthogonal collocation. Common physical assumptions made in packed bed reactor modeling are evaluated.", "doi": "10.1016/s0065-2377(08)60017-4", "isbn": "978-0-12-008513-2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "place_of_publication": "New York, NY", "publication_date": "1987", "pages": "113-191" }, { "id": "authors:1j4c7-dwn80", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1j4c7-dwn80", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140702-132626554", "type": "book_section", "title": "Thermodynamic Equilibrium Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Nitrate, Sulfate and Ammonium", "book_title": "Chemistry of particles, fogs, and rain", "author": [ { "family_name": "Stelson", "given_name": "Arthur W.", "clpid": "Stelson-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Bassett", "given_name": "Mark E.", "clpid": "Bassett-M-E" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Durham", "given_name": "Jack L.", "clpid": "Durham-J-L" } ], "abstract": "Knowledge of the thermodynamic equilibrium properties of aqueous solutions is\nrequired in virtually any calculation associated with particle and droplet acidification.\nFor example, prediction of the equilibrium vapor pressures of dissolved solutes\nand water is necessary when predicting the rate of uptake of pollutant gases into\ncloud- and raindrops and aerosol particles. In addition, evidence indicates that\natmospheric aerosols and small droplets are frequently in chemical equilibrium\nwith the local surrounding air. In such a situation, given the ambient gaseous\nconcentrations of pollutant species, and the temperature and relative humidity, it\nis desired to determine the physical state (liquid or solid) and the chemical composition\nof the particle or drop in equilibrium with the air.", "isbn": "9780250405671", "publisher": "Butterworth Publishers", "place_of_publication": "Boston. MA", "publication_date": "1984", "pages": "1-52" }, { "id": "authors:ta91x-9b509", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ta91x-9b509", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170727-163809593", "type": "book_section", "title": "Identification of parameters in distributed parameter systems by regularization", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kravaris", "given_name": "Costas", "clpid": "Kravaris-Costas" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "abstract": "Identification of spatially varying parameters in distributed parameter systems from noisy data is an ill-posed problem. The concept of regularization, widely used in solving linear Fredholm integral equations, is developed for the identification of parameters in distributed parameter systems. A general regularization identification theory is first presented and then applied to a parabolic identification problem. Methods for the numerical implementation of the regularization identification approach are also presented.", "doi": "10.1109/CDC.1983.269793", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication_date": "1983-12" }, { "id": "authors:38stb-bx353", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "38stb-bx353", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230413-768813000.30", "type": "book_section", "title": "Effect of the mechanism of gas-to-particle conversion on the evolution of aerosol size distributions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" }, { "family_name": "Bassett", "given_name": "Mark", "clpid": "Bassett-Mark-E" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Schryer", "given_name": "David R.", "clpid": "Schryer-David-R" } ], "abstract": "The evolution of the size distribution of an aerosol undergoing growth by gas-to-particle conversion is investigated theoretically when growth occurs by any of three mechanisms, vapor phase diffusion, reaction of adsorbed vapor species on the particle surface, and reaction of dissolved vapor species in the particle volume.", "doi": "10.1029/gm026p0006", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "publication_date": "1982" }, { "id": "authors:cje26-mr039", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cje26-mr039", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170802-143430922", "type": "book_section", "title": "Application of multivariable measurement and control strategies to a problem in heat conduction", "author": [ { "family_name": "Khanna", "given_name": "Rohit", "clpid": "Khanna-R" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "abstract": "A detailed analysis of the boundary control of a one-dimensional heat conduction system is performed using recent results in multivariable feedback theory. Non-interacting control, optimal control, inverse Nyquist array and characteristic locus techniques were applied to the system. An analysis is made of the potential improvements in performance through the use of extra measurements and through the change in measurement location. Results show the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques and point to the flexibility of the characteristic locus method with and without the squaring down of extra measurements.", "doi": "10.1109/CDC.1981.269570", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication_date": "1981-12" }, { "id": "authors:n0vw8-3xp67", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n0vw8-3xp67", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140627-142424318", "type": "book_section", "title": "Sensivity Analysis of Chemically Reacting Systems", "book_title": "Modelling of chemical reaction systems", "author": [ { "family_name": "Tilden", "given_name": "J. W.", "clpid": "Tilden-J-W" }, { "family_name": "Costanza", "given_name": "V.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2409-0632", "clpid": "Costanza-V" }, { "family_name": "McRae", "given_name": "G. J.", "clpid": "McRae-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "J. H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Ebert", "given_name": "Klaus H.", "clpid": "Ebert-K-H" }, { "family_name": "Deuflhard", "given_name": "P.", "clpid": "Deuflhard-P" }, { "family_name": "J\u00e4ger", "given_name": "Willi", "clpid": "J\u00e4ger-W" } ], "abstract": "The complexity of systems of chemical reactions makes it difficult to determine\nthe effect uncertainties in rate constants and other parameters have on\nthe behavior of .the species concentrations. Mathematically, the sensitivity\nanalysis of a system of chemical reactions consists in the problem of determining\nthe effect of uncertainties in parameters and initial conditions on\nthe solution of a set of ordinary differential equations. Sensitivity analysis\nprocedures may be classed as deterministic or stochastic in nature. Currently\navailable sensitivity analysis techniques are reviewed, and the entire\nproblem is presented in a unified framework.", "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-68220-9", "isbn": "978-3-642-68220-9", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag", "place_of_publication": "Berlin", "publication_date": "1981", "pages": "69-91" }, { "id": "authors:ckpq6-xje44", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ckpq6-xje44", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230413-768807000.28", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dynamics of Aerosols", "book_title": "Dynamics and Modelling of Reactive Systems", "author": [ { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Stewart", "given_name": "Warren E.", "clpid": "Stewart-Warren-E" }, { "family_name": "Ray", "given_name": "W. Harmon", "clpid": "Ray-W-Harmon" }, { "family_name": "Conley", "given_name": "Charles C.", "clpid": "Conley-Charles-C" } ], "abstract": "This chapter presents dynamics of aerosols. Aerosols, or atmospheric particles, can vary in size from collections of a few molecules to cloud droplets. The evolution of these particles occurs as a result of particle-particle collisions and individual particle growth because of accretion of vapor molecules. The process of individual particle growth can involve chemical reactions occurring in the particles. The chapter also presents the basic conservation equations for the aerosol number concentration as a function of particle size. It discusses the kinetic coefficients that appear in the basic equations and describes dimensionless groups that characterize the aerosol. It also illustrates the results of certain interesting cases of aerosol evolution during pure growth. The dynamic behavior of an aerosol is described by a population balance equation, which can be termed as the general dynamic equation. The evolving size spectra, in the three cases of diffusion-, surface reaction-, and volume reaction-controlled growth, exhibits certain distinct features characteristic of the growth mechanism.", "doi": "10.1016/b978-0-12-669550-2.50014-2", "isbn": "978-0-12-669550-2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "place_of_publication": "New York, NY", "publication_date": "1980", "pages": "225-258" }, { "id": "authors:8ngsj-app50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8ngsj-app50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PETaest80.375", "type": "book_section", "title": "Heterogenous condensation and chemical reaction in droplets- application to the heterogenous atmospheric oxidation of SO\u2082", "book_title": "Advances in Environmental Science and Technology", "author": [ { "family_name": "Peterson", "given_name": "Thomas W.", "clpid": "Peterson-Thomas-W" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Pitts", "given_name": "James", "clpid": "Pitts-James" }, { "family_name": "Metcalf", "given_name": "Robert", "clpid": "Metcalf-Robert" } ], "abstract": "In this chapter we develop a general framework for describing simultaneous chemical reaction and growth of multicomponent liquid droplets. The general framework is then used to study sulfate formation in atmospheric droplets. \n\nThe formation of secondary particulate species, such as sulfates and nitrates, has been of considerable interest in atmospheric chemistry. Sulfate formation resulting from emissions of SO\u2082 has been of particular concern. Two paths have been identified for the oxidation of SO\u2082 to sulfate:\n(1) Homogeneous, gas-phase oxidation (1, 2).\n(2) Heterogeneous oxidation in droplets and on aerosol particles (3).\nBoth aspects have received considerable study, however there are still important areas of uncertainty in our understanding of both processes. This chapter focuses on the latter process.\nThe chapter is divided essentially into two parts. In the first part we develop a general theory for calculating the simultaneous growth and composition changes accompanying heterogeneous condensation of gaseous species on a droplet and heterogeneous chemical reaction in the droplet. In the second part we study in some detail heterogeneous oxidation of SO\u2082 in the aqueous phase by catalytic and noncatalytic mechanisms in order to assess the importance of the various mechanisms.", "isbn": "9780471064800", "publisher": "John Wiley and Sons", "place_of_publication": "Hoboken, NJ", "publication_date": "1980", "pages": "125-180" }, { "id": "authors:3ha13-zp508", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3ha13-zp508", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140918-130351446", "type": "book_section", "title": "Use of models to establish source-receptor relationships and estimate relative source contributions of NO_x to air quality problems", "author": [ { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" }, { "family_name": "McRae", "given_name": "Gregory J.", "clpid": "McRae-G-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Romanovsky", "given_name": "Jerry", "clpid": "Romanovsky-J" } ], "abstract": "A basic objective of the Technical Symposium on the Implications of a Low NO_x Vehicle Emission Standard is to examine the need for and technical feasibility of a low NO_x emission standard for future light-duty motor vehicles.\nA major component of this assessment is to estimate the changes in air quality that would result from the imposition of a low NO_x vehicle emission standard. Such an assessment requires a method for relating emission to air\nquality changes, i.e. a so-called air quality model. In this summary, we focus on those air quality models that may be used to estimate the impact of changes in the NO_x emission levels from motor vehicles.", "publisher": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency", "publication_date": "1979" }, { "id": "authors:bc6w6-gjh93", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "bc6w6-gjh93", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180404-114154037", "type": "book_section", "title": "Environmental Reaction Engineering", "book_title": "Chemical Reaction Engineering Reviews\u2014Houston", "author": [ { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "abstract": "Chemical reaction engineering problems associated with environmental systems are numerous. Design of gas cleaning absorption processes, waste water treatment facilities, low-emission combustion processes, and catalytic mufflers are typical problems. A review of the state of environmental reaction engineering cannot be accomplished in a chapter of modest length. Rather than attempt a comprehensive review of environmental reaction engineering, therefore, we have chosen to focus here somewhat more narrowly. Specifically, we will discuss several challenging problems in what might be termed atmospheric reaction engineering.", "doi": "10.1021/bk-1978-0072.ch005", "isbn": "9780841204324", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "1978-01-19", "pages": "162-192" }, { "id": "authors:csewp-de381", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "csewp-de381", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140625-124007805", "type": "book_section", "title": "Validity and Accuracy of Atmospheric Air Quality Models", "author": [ { "family_name": "Goodin", "given_name": "W. R.", "clpid": "Goodin-W-R" }, { "family_name": "McRae", "given_name": "G. J.", "clpid": "McRae-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "J. H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" } ], "abstract": "Effective evaluation of air pollution\ncontrol strategies requires the use of validated\nand reliable mathematical models that can relate\npollutant emissions to atmospheric air quality.\nThe derivation and use of such models, at least\nfor inert and linearly decaying pollutants such\nas CO and SO_2, has received a great deal of\nattention. Much less work has been devoted to\nassessing how the model predictions are related\nto actual atmospheric concentrations. The\nobjectives of this paper are to formulate the\nconcepts of validity and accuracy and to suggest\nand describe some experiments that can be performed\nto assess these features.", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "publication_date": "1976" }, { "id": "authors:qqs99-frn77", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qqs99-frn77", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230413-139802000.43", "type": "book_section", "title": "Simulation of Urban Air Pollution", "book_title": "Photochemical Smog and Ozone Reactions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Seinfeld", "given_name": "John H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068", "clpid": "Seinfeld-J-H" }, { "family_name": "Reynolds", "given_name": "Steven D.", "clpid": "Reynolds-Steven-D" }, { "family_name": "Roth", "given_name": "Philip M.", "clpid": "Roth-Philip-M" } ], "abstract": "Several types of models are commonly used to describe the dispersion of atmospheric contaminants. Among these are the box, plume, and puff models. None are suitable, however, for describing the coupled transport and reaction phenomena that characterize atmospheres in which chemical reaction processes are important. Simulation models that have been proposed for the prediction of concentrations of photochemically formed pollutants in an urban airshed are reviewed here. The development of a generalized kinetic mechanism for photochemical smog suitable for inclusion in an urban airshed model, the treatment of emissions from automobiles, aircraft, power plants, and distributed sources, and the treatment of temporal and spatial variations of primary meteorological parameters are also discussed.", "doi": "10.1021/ba-1972-0113.ch003", "isbn": "9780841201552", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "1972-06-01", "pages": "58-100" } ]