[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5384z-b6e89", "eprint_id": 121628, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 21:00:02", "lastmod": "2023-12-22 23:35:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Katti-Raj-M", "name": { "family": "Katti", "given": "Raj" } }, { "id": "Arora-Harpreet-Singh", "name": { "family": "Arora", "given": "Harpreet Singh" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7674-735X" }, { "id": "Saira-Olli-Pentti", "name": { "family": "Saira", "given": "Olli-Pentti" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9715-0897" }, { "id": "Watanabe-Kenji", "name": { "family": "Watanabe", "given": "Kenji" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3701-8119" }, { "id": "Taniguchi-Takashi", "name": { "family": "Taniguchi", "given": "Takashi" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1467-3105" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "Michael Lee" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" }, { "id": "Nadj-Perge-S", "name": { "family": "Nadj-Perge", "given": "Stevan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2394-9070" } ] }, "title": "Hot Carrier Thermalization and Josephson Inductance Thermometry in a Graphene-Based Microwave Circuit", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Mechanical Engineering; Condensed Matter Physics; General Materials Science; General Chemistry; Bioengineering", "note": "\u00a9 2023 American Chemical Society. \n\nWe acknowledge useful discussions with Sophie Li, Matt Matheney, Ewa Rej, and Jonas Zmuidzinas. This work was supported by NSF through the program CAREER DMR-1753306 and Gist-Caltech memorandum of understanding. S.N.-P. also acknowledges the support of the DOE-QIS program (DE-SC0019166), IQIM (NSF-funded physics frontiers center), and the Sloan foundation. M.L.R. acknowledges support from NSF grant NSF-DMR-1806473. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interest.", "abstract": "Due to its exceptional electronic and thermal properties, graphene is a key material for bolometry, calorimetry, and photon detection. However, despite graphene's relatively simple electronic structure, the physical processes responsible for the heat transport from the electrons to the lattice are experimentally still elusive. Here, we measure the thermal response of low-disorder graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride by integrating it within a multiterminal superconducting microwave resonator. The device geometry allows us to simultaneously apply Joule heat power to the graphene flake while performing calibrated readout of the electron temperature. We probe the thermalization rates of both electrons and holes with high precision and observe a thermalization scaling exponent not consistent with cooling through the graphene bulk and argue that instead it can be attributed to processes at the graphene \u2013 aluminum interface. Our technique provides new insights into the thermalization pathways essential for the next-generation graphene thermal detectors.", "date": "2023-05-24", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nano Letters", "volume": "23", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4136-4141", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230530-441768000.65", "issn": "1530-6984", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230530-441768000.65", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1753306" }, { "agency": "GIST-Caltech Research Collaboration" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0019166" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "Alfred P. Sloan Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Division-of-Biology-and-Biological-Engineering" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04791", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Katti, Raj; Arora, Harpreet Singh; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m93x8-bh455", "eprint_id": 121807, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 20:19:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 15:50:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rochman-Jake-H", "name": { "family": "Rochman", "given": "Jake" } }, { "id": "Xie-Tian", "name": { "family": "Xie", "given": "Tian" } }, { "id": "Bartholomew-John-G", "name": { "family": "Bartholomew", "given": "John G." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Faraon-A", "name": { "family": "Faraon", "given": "Andrei" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X" } ] }, "title": "Microwave-to-optical transduction with erbium ions coupled to planar photonic and superconducting resonators", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Physics and Astronomy; General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; General Chemistry; Multidisciplinary", "note": "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. \n\nThis work was supported by the ARO/LPS Cross Quantum Technology Systems program (grant W911NF-18-1-0011), Office of Naval Research awards no. N00014-19-1-2182 and N00014-22-1-2422, Air Force Office of Scientific Research award no. FA9550-21-1-0055, Northrop Grumman, and Weston Havens Foundation. The device nanofabrication was performed in the Kavli Nanoscience Institute at the California Institute of Technology. J.R. acknowledges support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (Grant No. PGSD3-502844-2017). J.G.B. acknowledges the support of the American Australian Association\u2032s Northrop Grumman Fellowship. The authors would like to acknowledge Jevon Longdell, Yu-Hui Chen, Matt Shaw and Rick LeDuc for useful discussions and Hugo Wallner for simulation development. \n\nContributions: J.R. designed and fabricated the device. J.R., T.X., and J.G.B. built the experimental apparatus. J.R. and T.X. measured the device and analyzed the data. J.R. and A.F. wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. K.S. and A.F. supervised the project. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\n\nData availability: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.\n\n
Published - s41467-023-36799-0.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41467_2023_36799_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
", "abstract": "Optical quantum networks can connect distant quantum processors to enable secure quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. Superconducting qubits are a leading technology for quantum information processing but cannot couple to long-distance optical networks without an efficient, coherent, and low noise interface between microwave and optical photons. Here, we demonstrate a microwave-to-optical transducer using an ensemble of erbium ions that is simultaneously coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator and a nanophotonic optical resonator. The coherent atomic transitions of the ions mediate the frequency conversion from microwave photons to optical photons and using photon counting we observed device conversion efficiency approaching 10\u207b\u2077. With pulsed operation at a low duty cycle, the device maintained a spin temperature below 100\u2009mK and microwave resonator heating of less than 0.15 quanta.", "date": "2023-03-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Communications", "volume": "14", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "Art. No. 1153", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230613-731307200.39", "issn": "2041-1723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230613-731307200.39", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-18-1-0011" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-19-1-2182" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-22-1-2422" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-21-1-0055" }, { "agency": "Northrop Grumman Corporation" }, { "agency": "Weston Havens Foundation" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)", "grant_number": "PGSD3-502844-2017" }, { "agency": "American Australian Association" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Kavli-Nanoscience-Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-36799-0", "pmcid": "PMC9977906", "primary_object": { "basename": "41467_2023_36799_MOESM1_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m93x8-bh455/files/41467_2023_36799_MOESM1_ESM.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "s41467-023-36799-0.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m93x8-bh455/files/s41467-023-36799-0.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Rochman, Jake; Xie, Tian; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/psbz3-f5d17", "eprint_id": 70797, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:15:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:31:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mauser-Kelly-W", "name": { "family": "Mauser", "given": "Kelly W." } }, { "id": "Kim-Seyoon", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Seyoon" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8040-9521" }, { "id": "Mitrovic-Slobodan", "name": { "family": "Mitrovic", "given": "Slobodan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8913-8505" }, { "id": "Fleischman-Dagny", "name": { "family": "Fleischman", "given": "Dagny" } }, { "id": "Pala-Ragip-A", "name": { "family": "Pala", "given": "Ragip A." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" } ] }, "title": "Resonant Thermoelectric Nanophotonics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. \n\nReceived 10 June 2016; Accepted 31 March 2017; Published online 22 May 2017. \n\nThis work was supported primarily by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science grant DE-FG02-07ER46405. S.K. acknowledges support by a Samsung Scholarship. The authors thank M. Jones for discussions. \n\nAuthor Contributions: K.W.M. and H.A.A. conceived the ideas. K.W.M. and S.K. performed the simulations. K.W.M. fabricated the samples. K.W.M. built the measurement set-ups specific to this study. K.W.M., S.M. and D.F. performed measurements, and K.W.M., S.K. and S.M. performed data analysis. K.S. contributed to the design and analysis of noise measurements. R.P. built a general-use measurement set-up and provided assistance with part of one supplementary measurement. K.W.M., H.A.A. and S.M. co-wrote the paper. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript, and H.A.A. supervised the project. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interests.\n\nSubmitted - 1606.03313.pdf
Supplemental Material - nnano.2017.87-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "Photodetectors are typically based either on photocurrent generation from electron\u2013hole pairs in semiconductor structures or on bolometry for wavelengths that are below bandgap absorption. In both cases, resonant plasmonic and nanophotonic structures have been successfully used to enhance performance. Here, we show subwavelength thermoelectric nanostructures designed for resonant spectrally selective absorption, which creates large localized temperature gradients even with unfocused, spatially uniform illumination to generate a thermoelectric voltage. We show that such structures are tunable and are capable of wavelength-specific detection, with an input power responsivity of up to 38 V\u2009W^(\u20131), referenced to incident illumination, and bandwidth of nearly 3 kHz. This is obtained by combining resonant absorption and thermoelectric junctions within a single suspended membrane nanostructure, yielding a bandgap-independent photodetection mechanism. We report results for both bismuth telluride/antimony telluride and chromel/alumel structures as examples of a potentially broader class of resonant nanophotonic thermoelectric materials for optoelectronic applications such as non-bandgap-limited hyperspectral and broadband photodetectors.", "date": "2017-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Nanotechnology", "volume": "12", "number": "8", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "770-775", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161004-090725146", "issn": "1748-3387", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161004-090725146", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-07ER46405" }, { "agency": "Samsung Scholarship" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "JCAP" }, { "id": "Kavli-Nanoscience-Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/NNANO.2017.87", "primary_object": { "basename": "1606.03313.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/psbz3-f5d17/files/1606.03313.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nnano.2017.87-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/psbz3-f5d17/files/nnano.2017.87-s1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Mauser, Kelly W.; Kim, Seyoon; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gfzbr-kqm26", "eprint_id": 75044, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:47:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:41:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Singh-Swati", "name": { "family": "Singh", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "De-Lorenzo-L-A", "name": { "family": "De Lorenzo", "given": "L. A." } }, { "id": "Pikovsky-Igor", "name": { "family": "Pikovsky", "given": "I." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9441-2553" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Detecting continuous gravitational waves with superfluid ^4He", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. \n\nReceived 1 February 2017; Accepted 12 June 2017; Accepted Manuscript online 12 June 2017; Published 21 July 2017. \n\nWe would like to acknowledge helpful conversations with Rana Adhikari, Yanbei Chen, Dan Lathrop, Keith Riles, John Ketterson, Pierre Meystre, Jack Harris, David Blair and Nergis Mavalvala. We acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NSF IQIM-1125565) with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-1250) NSF DMR-1052647, DARPA-QUANTUM HR0011-10-1-0066, the NSF ITAMP grant, and Army Research Office.\n\nPublished - Singh_2017_New_J._Phys._19_073023.pdf
Submitted - 1606.04980.pdf
", "abstract": "Direct detection of gravitational waves is opening a new window onto our universe. Here, we study the sensitivity to continuous-wave strain fields of a kg-scale optomechanical system formed by the acoustic motion of superfluid helium-4 parametrically coupled to a superconducting microwave cavity. This narrowband detection scheme can operate at very high Q-factors, while the resonant frequency is tunable through pressurization of the helium in the 0.1\u20131.5 kHz range. The detector can therefore be tuned to a variety of astrophysical sources and can remain sensitive to a particular source over a long period of time. For thermal noise limited sensitivity, we find that strain fields on the order of h ~ 10^(-23)/\u221aHz are detectable. Measuring such strains is possible by implementing state of the art microwave transducer technology. We show that the proposed system can compete with interferometric detectors and potentially surpass the gravitational strain limits set by them for certain pulsar sources within a few months of integration time.", "date": "2017-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "New Journal of Physics", "volume": "19", "publisher": "IOP", "pagerange": "Art. No. 073023", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170313-065536926", "issn": "1367-2630", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170313-065536926", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation", "grant_number": "GBMF-1250" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1052647" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "HR0011-10-1-0066" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/aa78cb", "primary_object": { "basename": "1606.04980.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gfzbr-kqm26/files/1606.04980.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Singh_2017_New_J._Phys._19_073023.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gfzbr-kqm26/files/Singh_2017_New_J._Phys._19_073023.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Singh, S.; De Lorenzo, L. A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/svsd3-mx743", "eprint_id": 71867, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:12:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:17:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "De-Lorenzo-L-A", "name": { "family": "De Lorenzo", "given": "L. A." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Ultra-High Q Acoustic Resonance in Superfluid ^4He", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York. \n\nReceived: 26 July 2016; Accepted: 07 October 2016; First Online: 07 November 2016. \n\nWe acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NSF IQIM-1125565) with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-1250) NSF DMR-1052647, and DARPA-QUANTUM HR0011-10-1-0066. L.D. acknowledges support from the NSF GRFP under Grant No. DGE-1144469.\n\nSubmitted - 1607.07902v1.pdf
", "abstract": "We report the measurement of the acoustic quality factor of a gram-scale, kilohertz-frequency superfluid resonator, detected through the parametric coupling to a superconducting niobium microwave cavity. For temperatures between 400 mK and 50 mK, we observe a T^(\u22124) temperature dependence of the quality factor, consistent with a 3-phonon dissipation mechanism. We observe Q factors up to 1.4\u00d710^8, consistent with the dissipation due to dilute ^3He impurities, and expect that significant further improvements are possible. These experiments are relevant to exploring quantum behavior and decoherence of massive macroscopic objects, the laboratory detection of continuous gravitational waves from pulsars, and the probing of possible limits to physical length scales.", "date": "2017-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Low Temperature Physics", "volume": "186", "number": "3", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "233-240", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161109-083656556", "issn": "0022-2291", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161109-083656556", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation", "grant_number": "GBMF-1250" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1052647" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "HR0011-10-1-0066" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship", "grant_number": "DGE-1144469" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/s10909-016-1674-x", "primary_object": { "basename": "1607.07902v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/svsd3-mx743/files/1607.07902v1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "De Lorenzo, L. A. and Schwab, K. C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8fzne-zjf18", "eprint_id": 70068, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 13:44:11", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 21:23:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lei-Chan-U", "name": { "family": "Lei", "given": "C. U." } }, { "id": "Weinstein-Alan-J-Physics", "name": { "family": "Weinstein", "given": "A. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0928-6784" }, { "id": "Suh-Junho", "name": { "family": "Suh", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0112-0499" }, { "id": "Wollman-Emma-E", "name": { "family": "Wollman", "given": "E. E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5474-3745" }, { "id": "Kronwald-A", "name": { "family": "Kronwald", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Marquardt-F", "name": { "family": "Marquardt", "given": "F." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4566-1753" }, { "id": "Clerk-A-A", "name": { "family": "Clerk", "given": "A. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7297-9068" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Quantum Nondemolition Measurement of a Quantum Squeezed State Beyond the 3 dB Limit", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 27 May 2016; published 30 August 2016. \n\nThis work is supported by funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, a NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant No. NSF-IQIM 1125565), by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Grant No. DARPA-QUANTUM HR0011-10-1-0066), by the NSF (Grants No. NSF-DMR 1052647 and No. NSF-EEC 0832819), and by the Semiconductor Research Corporation and Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) through STARnet Center for Function Accelerated nanoMaterial Engineering. J.\u2009S. was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT Future Planning (Grants No. 2016R1C1B2014713 and No. 2016R1A5A1008184). A.\u2009C., F.\u2009M., and A.\u2009K. acknowledge support from the DARPA ORCHID program through a grant from AFOSR, F.\u2009M. and A.\u2009K. from ITN cQOM and the ERC OPTOMECH, and A.\u2009C. from NSERC.\n\nPublished - PhysRevLett.117.100801.pdf
Submitted - 1605.08148v2.pdf
Supplemental Material - supp_v2.pdf
", "abstract": "We use a reservoir engineering technique based on two-tone driving to generate and stabilize a quantum squeezed state of a micron-scale mechanical oscillator in a microwave optomechanical system. Using an independent backaction-evading measurement to directly quantify the squeezing, we observe 4.7\u00b10.9\u2009dB of squeezing below the zero-point level surpassing the 3 dB limit of standard parametric squeezing techniques. Our measurements also reveal evidence for an additional mechanical parametric effect. The interplay between this effect and the optomechanical interaction enhances the amount of squeezing obtained in the experiment.", "date": "2016-09-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "117", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 100801", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160831-100027142", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160831-100027142", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "HR0011-10-1-0066" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1052647" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EEC-832819" }, { "agency": "Semiconductor Research Corporation" }, { "agency": "National Research Foundation of Korea", "grant_number": "2016R1C1B2014713" }, { "agency": "National Research Foundation of Korea", "grant_number": "2016R1A5A1008184" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)" }, { "agency": "ITN cQOM" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" }, { "agency": "STARnet" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.100801", "primary_object": { "basename": "1605.08148v2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8fzne-zjf18/files/1605.08148v2.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevLett.117.100801.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8fzne-zjf18/files/PhysRevLett.117.100801.pdf" }, { "basename": "supp_v2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8fzne-zjf18/files/supp_v2.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Lei, C. U.; Weinstein, A. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1m2a2-g2z64", "eprint_id": 67247, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 16:58:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:59:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kaltenbaek-R", "name": { "family": "Kaltenbaek", "given": "Rainer" } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Macroscopic quantum resonators (MAQRO): 2015 Update", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "space; quantum physics; quantum optomechanics; matter waves; optical trapping; MAQRO", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Kaltenbaek et al. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. \n\nReceived: 6 October 2015. Accepted: 6 March 2016. Published online: 24 March 2016. \n\nAB acknowledges financial support from NANOQUESTFIT, INFN, and the COST Action MP1006. AR is supported by the DLR, Grant No. DLR 50WM1136. LN acknowledges support by ERC-QMES (no. 338763). RK acknowledges support by the FFG (no. 3589434).\n\nPublished - art_3A10.1140_2Fepjqt_2Fs40507-016-0043-7.pdf
Submitted - 1503.02640.pdf
", "abstract": "Do the laws of quantum physics still hold for macroscopic objects - this is at the heart of Schr\u00f6dinger's cat paradox - or do gravitation or yet unknown effects set a limit for massive particles? What is the fundamental relation between quantum physics and gravity? Ground-based experiments addressing these questions may soon face limitations due to limited free-fall times and the quality of vacuum and microgravity. The proposed mission Macroscopic Quantum Resonators (MAQRO) may overcome these limitations and allow addressing such fundamental questions. MAQRO harnesses recent developments in quantum optomechanics, high-mass matter-wave interferometry as well as state-of-the-art space technology to push macroscopic quantum experiments towards their ultimate performance limits and to open new horizons for applying quantum technology in space. The main scientific goal is to probe the vastly unexplored 'quantum-classical' transition for increasingly massive objects, testing the predictions of quantum theory for objects in a size and mass regime unachievable in ground-based experiments. The hardware will largely be based on available space technology. Here, we present the MAQRO proposal submitted in response to the 4th Cosmic Vision call for a medium-sized mission (M4) in 2014 of the European Space Agency (ESA) with a possible launch in 2025, and we review the progress with respect to the original MAQRO proposal for the 3rd Cosmic Vision call for a medium-sized mission (M3) in 2010. In particular, the updated proposal overcomes several critical issues of the original proposal by relying on established experimental techniques from high-mass matter-wave interferometry and by introducing novel ideas for particle loading and manipulation. Moreover, the mission design was improved to better fulfill the stringent environmental requirements for macroscopic quantum experiments.", "date": "2015-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "EPJ Quantum Technology", "volume": "2016", "number": "3", "publisher": "EDP Sciences", "pagerange": "Art. No. 5", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-080435297", "issn": "2196-0763", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-080435297", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NANOQUESTFIT" }, { "agency": "Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)" }, { "agency": "COST Action", "grant_number": "MP1006" }, { "agency": "Deutschen Zentrums f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)", "grant_number": "DLR 50WM1136" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "338763" }, { "agency": "Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG)", "grant_number": "3589434" } ] }, "doi": "10.1140/epjqt/s40507-016-0043-7", "primary_object": { "basename": "1503.02640.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1m2a2-g2z64/files/1503.02640.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "art_3A10.1140_2Fepjqt_2Fs40507-016-0043-7.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1m2a2-g2z64/files/art_3A10.1140_2Fepjqt_2Fs40507-016-0043-7.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Kaltenbaek, Rainer and Schwab, Keith C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g6sqc-2fm47", "eprint_id": 61286, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 08:22:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:42:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Katz-B-N", "name": { "family": "Katz", "given": "B. N." } }, { "id": "Blencowe-M-P", "name": { "family": "Blencowe", "given": "M. P." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Mesoscopic mechanical resonators as quantum noninertial reference frames", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a92015 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 30 September 2014. Published October 8, 2015. \n\nWe thank Prof. S. A. Werner for conversations that inspired this work. We acknowledge funding provided by the Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi), the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1104790 (M.P.B.), and the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant No. GBMF1250 (KCS).\n\nPublished - PhysRevA.92.042104-4.pdf
", "abstract": "An atom attached to a micrometer-scale wire that is vibrating at a frequency \u223c100 MHz and with displacement amplitude \u223c1 nm experiences an acceleration magnitude \u223c10^9 m s^(\u22122), approaching the surface gravity of a neutron star. As one application of such extreme noninertial forces in a mesoscopic setting, we consider a model two-path atom interferometer with one path consisting of the 100 MHz vibrating wire atom guide. The vibrating wire guide serves as a noninertial reference frame and induces an in principle measurable phase shift in the wave function of an atom traversing the wire frame. We furthermore consider the effect on the two-path atom wave\ninterference when the vibrating wire is modeled as a quantum object, hence functioning as a quantum noninertial reference frame. We outline a possible realization of the vibrating wire, atom interferometer using a superfluid helium quantum interference setup.", "date": "2015-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "92", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 042104", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151019-143210259", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151019-143210259", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Foundational Questions Institute (FQXI)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1104790" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation", "grant_number": "GBMF1250" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.92.042104", "primary_object": { "basename": "PhysRevA.92.042104-4.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g6sqc-2fm47/files/PhysRevA.92.042104-4.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Katz, B. N.; Blencowe, M. P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6v959-nwn68", "eprint_id": 59033, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 07:54:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:59:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wollman-E-E", "name": { "family": "Wollman", "given": "E. E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5474-3745" }, { "id": "Lei-Chan-U", "name": { "family": "Lei", "given": "C. U." } }, { "id": "Weinstein-Alan-J-Physics", "name": { "family": "Weinstein", "given": "A. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0928-6784" }, { "id": "Suh-Junho", "name": { "family": "Suh", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0112-0499" }, { "id": "Kronwald-A", "name": { "family": "Kronwald", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Marquardt-F", "name": { "family": "Marquardt", "given": "F." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4566-1753" }, { "id": "Clerk-A-A", "name": { "family": "Clerk", "given": "A. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7297-9068" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Quantum squeezing of motion in a mechanical resonator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2015 American Association for the Advancement of Science.\n\nReceived for publication 7 May 2015. \nAccepted for publication 28 July 2015. \n\nThis work is supported by funding provided by the Institute\nfor Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers\nCenter with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation\n(NSF-IQIM 1125565), by the Defense Advanced Research\nProjects Agency (DARPA-QUANTUM HR0011-10-1-0066), by the\nNSF (NSF-DMR 1052647 and NSF-EEC 0832819), and by the\nSemiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) and Defense\nAdvanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) through STARnet\nCenter for Function Accelerated nanoMaterial Engineering\n(FAME). A.A.C., F.M., and A.K. acknowledge support from the\nDARPA ORCHID program through a grant from AFOSR, F.M.\nand A.K. from ITN cQOM and the ERC OPTOMECH, and A.A.C.\nfrom NSERC.\n\nSubmitted - 1507.01662v1.pdf
Supplemental Material - Wollman-SM.pdf
", "abstract": "According to quantum mechanics, a harmonic oscillator can never be completely at rest. Even in the ground state, its position will always have fluctuations, called the zero-point motion. Although the zero-point fluctuations are unavoidable, they can be manipulated. Using microwave frequency radiation pressure, we have manipulated the thermal fluctuations of a micrometer-scale mechanical resonator to produce a stationary quadrature-squeezed state with a minimum variance of 0.80 times that of the ground state. We also performed phase-sensitive, back-action evading measurements of a thermal state squeezed to 1.09 times the zero-point level. Our results are relevant to the quantum engineering of states of matter at large length scales, the study of decoherence of large quantum systems, and for the realization of ultrasensitive sensing of force and motion.", "date": "2015-08-28", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "349", "number": "6251", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "952-955", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150728-095253969", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150728-095253969", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "HR0011-10-1-0066" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1052647" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EEC-0832819" }, { "agency": "Semiconductor Research Corporation" }, { "agency": "STARnet" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)" }, { "agency": "ITN cQOM" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.aac5138", "primary_object": { "basename": "1507.01662v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6v959-nwn68/files/1507.01662v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Wollman-SM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6v959-nwn68/files/Wollman-SM.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Wollman, E. E.; Lei, C. U.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5j6sz-7wt12", "eprint_id": 45780, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:17:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 18:27:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Weinstein-Aaron-J", "name": { "family": "Weinstein", "given": "A. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2354-0777" }, { "id": "Lei-Chan-U", "name": { "family": "Lei", "given": "C. U." } }, { "id": "Wollman-Emma-E", "name": { "family": "Wollman", "given": "E. E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5474-3745" }, { "id": "Suh-Junho", "name": { "family": "Suh", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0112-0499" }, { "id": "Metelmann-A", "name": { "family": "Metelmann", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Clerk-A-A", "name": { "family": "Clerk", "given": "A. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7297-9068" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Observation and interpretation of motional sideband asymmetry in a quantum electro-mechanical device", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. \n\nReceived 15 May 2014; revised manuscript received 31 July 2014; published 7 October 2014. \n\nWe would like to acknowledge Yanbei Chen and Matthew Woolley for helpful discussions. This work is supported by funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (NSF-IQIM 1125565), by DARPA (DARPA-QUANTUM HR0011-10-1-0066), by the NSF\n(NSF-DMR 1052647 and NSF-EEC 0832819), and by the DARPA ORCHID Program under a grant from AFOSR.\n\nPublished - PhysRevX.4.041003.pdf
Submitted - 1404.3242v1.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantum electromechanical systems offer a unique opportunity to probe quantum noise properties in macroscopic devices, properties that ultimately stem from Heisenberg's uncertainty relations. A simple example of this behavior is expected to occur in a microwave parametric transducer, where mechanical motion generates motional sidebands corresponding to the up-and-down frequency conversion of microwave photons. Because of quantum vacuum noise, the rates of these processes are expected to be unequal. We measure this fundamental imbalance in a microwave transducer coupled to a radio-frequency mechanical mode, cooled near the ground state of motion. We also discuss the subtle origin of this imbalance: depending on the measurement scheme, the imbalance is most naturally attributed to the quantum fluctuations of either the mechanical mode or of the electromagnetic field.", "date": "2014-10-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review X", "volume": "4", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 041003", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140515-160500332", "issn": "2160-3308", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140515-160500332", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "HR0011-10-1-0066" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1052647" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EEC-0832819" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Kavli-Nanoscience-Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevX.4.041003", "primary_object": { "basename": "1404.3242v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5j6sz-7wt12/files/1404.3242v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevX.4.041003.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5j6sz-7wt12/files/PhysRevX.4.041003.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Weinstein, A. J.; Lei, C. U.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ensa3-n7553", "eprint_id": 45767, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:24:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 18:13:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Suh-Junho", "name": { "family": "Suh", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0112-0499" }, { "id": "Weinstein-Aaron-J", "name": { "family": "Weinstein", "given": "A. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2354-0777" }, { "id": "Lei-Chan-U", "name": { "family": "Lei", "given": "C. U." } }, { "id": "Wollman-Emma-E", "name": { "family": "Wollman", "given": "E. E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5474-3745" }, { "id": "Steinke-S-K", "name": { "family": "Steinke", "given": "S. K." } }, { "id": "Meystre-P", "name": { "family": "Meystre", "given": "P." } }, { "id": "Clerk-A-A", "name": { "family": "Clerk", "given": "A. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7297-9068" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Mechanically Detecting and Avoiding the Quantum Fluctuations of a Microwave Field", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2014 American Association for the Advancement of Science. \n\nReceived 12 March 2014; accepted 2 May 2014\nPublished online 15 May 2014.\n\nWe would like to acknowledge J. Hertzberg, T. Rocheleau, T. Ndukum, and M. Shaw for work on earlier experiments that led to these results. This work is supported by funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (NSF-IQIM 1125565), by DARPA (DARPA-QUANTUM HR0011-10-1-0066), and by NSF (NSF-DMR 1052647, NSF-EEC 0832819).\n\nSubmitted - 1312.4084v1.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantum fluctuations of the light field used for continuous position detection produces stochastic back-action forces and ultimately limits the sensitivity. To overcome this limit, the back-action forces can be avoided by giving up complete knowledge of the motion, and these types of measurements are called \"back-action evading\" or \"quantum nondemolition\" detection. We present continuous two-tone back-action evading measurements with a superconducting electromechanical device, realizing three long-standing goals: detection of back-action forces due to the quantum noise of a microwave field, reduction of this quantum back-action noise by 8.5 \u00b1 0.4 dB, and measurement imprecision of a single quadrature of motion 2.4 \u00b1 0.7 dB below the mechanical zero-point fluctuations. Measurements of this type will find utility in ultrasensitive measurements of weak forces and nonclassical states of motion.", "date": "2014-06-13", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "344", "number": "6189", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "1262-1265", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140515-115038262", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140515-115038262", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1052647" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EEC-0832819" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "HR0011-10-1-0066" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Kavli-Nanoscience-Institute" }, { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.1253258", "primary_object": { "basename": "1312.4084v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ensa3-n7553/files/1312.4084v1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Suh, J.; Weinstein, A. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g763x-fww62", "eprint_id": 43416, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:22:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 23:31:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Steinke-S-K", "name": { "family": "Steinke", "given": "S. K." } }, { "id": "Singh-Swati", "name": { "family": "Singh", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Meystre-P", "name": { "family": "Meystre", "given": "P." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Vengalattore-M", "name": { "family": "Vengalattore", "given": "M." } } ] }, "title": "Quantum backaction in spinor-condensate magnetometry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Physical Society.\n\nReceived 12 November 2012; revised manuscript received 26 August 2013; published 3 December 2013.\n\nThis work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research\nProject Agency (DARPA) QuASAR program through\na grant from AFOSR, by the DARPA ORCHID program\nthrough a grant from the US Army Research Office, and\nby NSF. M.V. acknowledges support from the Alfred P.\nSloan Foundation. The authors would also like to thank\nCarlo Samson and Chandra Raman of the Georgia Institute\nof Technology for useful input on additional experimental\nconsiderations.\n\nPublished - PhysRevA.88.063809.pdf
Submitted - 1211.2870v1.pdf
", "abstract": "We provide a theoretical treatment of the quantum backaction of Larmor frequency measurements on a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate by an off-resonant light field. Two main results are presented; the first is a \"quantum jump\" operator description that reflects the abrupt change in the spin state of the atoms when a single photon is counted at a photodiode. The second is the derivation of a conditional stochastic master equation relating the evolution of the condensate density matrix to the measurement record. We provide a few examples of the application of this formalism and comment on its application to metrology.", "date": "2013-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "88", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 063809", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140116-151510121", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140116-151510121", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Alfred P. Sloan Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.88.063809", "primary_object": { "basename": "1211.2870v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g763x-fww62/files/1211.2870v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevA.88.063809.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g763x-fww62/files/PhysRevA.88.063809.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Steinke, S. K.; Singh, S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mf5j6-m3q71", "eprint_id": 45782, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:13:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 18:27:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "De-Lorenzo-L-A", "name": { "family": "De Lorenzo", "given": "L. A." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Superfluid Optomechanics: Coupling of a Superfluid to a Superconducting Condensate", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "superfluid, quantum measurement, gravity wave experiments", "note": "\u00a9 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. \n\nReceived 30 June 2014, revised 12 September 2014. Accepted for publication 6 October 2014. Published 11 November 2014.\n\nSubmitted on 9 Aug 2013.\n\nWe would like to acknowledge helpful conversations with Rana Adhikari. We acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center(NSF IQIM-1125565) with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-1250) NSF DGE-1144469, NSF DMR-1052647,DARPA-QUANTUM HR0011-10-1-0066.\n\nPublished - 1367-2630_16_11_113020.pdf
Submitted - 1308.2164v1.pdf
", "abstract": "We investigate the low loss acoustic motion of superfluid ^4He parametrically coupled to a very low loss, superconducting Nb, TE_(011) microwave resonator, forming a gram-scale, sideband resolved, optomechanical system. We demonstrate the detection of a series of acoustic modes with quality factors as high as 7\u22c510^6. At higher temperatures, the lowest dissipation modes are limited by an intrinsic three phonon process. Acoustic quality factors approaching 10^(11) may be possible in isotopically purified samples at temperatures below 10 mK. A system of this type may be utilized to study macroscopic quantized motion and as an ultra-sensitive sensor of extremely weak displacements and forces, such as continuous gravity wave sources.", "date": "2013-11-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "New Journal of Physics", "volume": "16", "publisher": "IOP", "pagerange": "Art. No. 113020", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140515-161526294", "issn": "1367-2630", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140515-161526294", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation", "grant_number": "GBMF-1250" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DGE-1144469" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1052647" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "HR0011-10-1-0066" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/16/11/113020", "primary_object": { "basename": "1308.2164v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mf5j6-m3q71/files/1308.2164v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1367-2630_16_11_113020.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mf5j6-m3q71/files/1367-2630_16_11_113020.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "De Lorenzo, L. A. and Schwab, K. C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r3zcq-8k431", "eprint_id": 40956, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:52:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:19:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Fong-Kin-Chung", "name": { "family": "Fong", "given": "Kin Chung" } }, { "id": "Wollman-E-E", "name": { "family": "Wollman", "given": "Emma E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5474-3745" }, { "id": "Ravi-H", "name": { "family": "Ravi", "given": "Harish" } }, { "id": "Chen-Wei", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Wei" } }, { "id": "Clerk-A-A", "name": { "family": "Clerk", "given": "Aashish A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7297-9068" }, { "id": "Shaw-M-D", "name": { "family": "Shaw", "given": "M. D." } }, { "id": "LeDuc-H-G", "name": { "family": "LeDuc", "given": "H. G." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Measurement of the Electronic Thermal Conductance Channels and Heat Capacity of Graphene at Low Temperature", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Condensed Matter Physics, Graphene", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 29 June 2013; published 29 October 2013. \n\nWe acknowledge helpful conversations with P. Kim, J. Hone, E. Henriksen, and D. Nandi. This work was supported in part by (1) the FAME Center, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA, (2) the US NSF (DMR-0804567), (3) the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and (4) the Department of Energy Office of Science Graduate Fellowship Program (DOE SCGF), made possible in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, administered by ORISE-ORAU under contract no. DE-AC05-06OR23100. We are grateful to G. Rossman for the use of a Raman spectroscopy setup. Device fabrication was performed at the Kavli Nanoscience Institute (Caltech) and at the Micro Device Laboratory (NASA/JPL), and part of the research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.\n\nPublished - PhysRevX.3.041008.pdf
Submitted - 1308.2265v1.pdf
", "abstract": "The ability to transport energy is a fundamental property of the two-dimensional Dirac fermions in graphene. Electronic thermal transport in this system is relatively unexplored and is expected to show unique fundamental properties and to play an important role in future applications of graphene, including optoelectronics, plasmonics, and ultrasensitive bolometry. Here, we present measurements of bipolar thermal conductances due to electron diffusion and electron-phonon coupling and infer the electronic specific heat, with a minimum value of 10k_B (10^(\u221222)\u2009\u2009J/K) per square micron. We test the validity of the Wiedemann-Franz law and find that the Lorenz number equals 1.32\u00d7(\u03c0^2/3)(kB/^e)^2. The electron-phonon thermal conductance has a temperature power law T^2 at high doping levels, and the coupling parameter is consistent with recent theory, indicating its enhancement by impurity scattering. We demonstrate control of the thermal conductance by electrical gating and by suppressing the diffusion channel using NbTiN superconducting electrodes, which sets the stage for future graphene-based single-microwave photon detection.", "date": "2013-10-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review X", "volume": "3", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 041008", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130827-110003002", "issn": "2160-3308", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130827-110003002", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "FAME Center" }, { "agency": "STARnet" }, { "agency": "Semiconductor Research Corporation" }, { "agency": "Microelectronics Advanced Research Corporation (MARCO)" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-0804567" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC05-06OR23100" }, { "agency": "American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)" }, { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Kavli-Nanoscience-Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevX.3.041008", "primary_object": { "basename": "1308.2265v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r3zcq-8k431/files/1308.2265v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevX.3.041008.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r3zcq-8k431/files/PhysRevX.3.041008.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Fong, Kin Chung; Wollman, Emma E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nhvna-1ws96", "eprint_id": 42031, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:30:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:02:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Truitt-P-A", "name": { "family": "Truitt", "given": "P. A." } }, { "id": "Hertzberg-J-B", "name": { "family": "Hertzberg", "given": "J. B." } }, { "id": "Altunkaya-E", "name": { "family": "Altunkaya", "given": "E." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Linear and nonlinear coupling between transverse modes of a nanomechanical resonator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.\nReceived 5 May 2013; accepted 31 August 2013; published online 18 September 2013.\n\nPublished - 1.4821273.pdf
", "abstract": "We measure both the linear and nonlinear coupling between transverse modes in a nanomechanical resonator. The nonlinear coupling is due to the displacement dependent tension of the resonator and leads to a frequency shift (\"pulling\") of each mode proportional to the square of the orthogonal mode's displacement amplitude. The linear coupling is apparent as an avoided crossing of the resonant frequencies that occurs when one electrostatically tunes the modes into degeneracy via a nearby DC gate. We consider the possibility that the linear coupling results from an electrostatic interaction and find that this effect can only partially explain the magnitude of the observed coupling. By measuring the coupled amplitudes magnetomotively at various angles to the applied field, we find that as the modes are tuned through the degeneracy point, they remain linearly polarized, while their planes of vibration rotate by 90\u00b0.", "date": "2013-09-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Applied Physics", "volume": "114", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "Art. No. 114307", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131024-082601069", "issn": "0021-8979", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131024-082601069", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1063/1.4821273", "primary_object": { "basename": "1.4821273.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nhvna-1ws96/files/1.4821273.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Truitt, P. A.; Hertzberg, J. B.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yg418-0nx70", "eprint_id": 41363, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:07:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:40:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Steinke-S-K", "name": { "family": "Steinke", "given": "Steven K." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Meystre-P", "name": { "family": "Meystre", "given": "Pierre" } } ] }, "title": "Optomechanical backaction-evading measurement without parametric instability", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Physical Society.\n\nReceived 24 April 2013; published 21 August 2013.\n\nThis work was supported by the DARPA QuASAR program\nthrough a grant from AFOSR and the DARPA ORCHID\nprogram through a grant from ARO, the US Army Research\nOffice, and by the NSF. K.C.S. acknowledges funding provided\nby the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF\nPhysics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBF1250.\n\nPublished - PhysRevA.88.023838.pdf
", "abstract": "We review a scheme for performing a backaction-evading measurement of one mechanical quadrature in an optomechanical setup. The experimental application of this scheme has been limited by parametric instabilities caused in general by a slight dependence of the mechanical frequency on the electromagnetic energy in the cavity. We find that a simple modification to the optical drive can effectively eliminate the parametric instability even at high intracavity power, allowing realistic devices to achieve sub-zero-point uncertainties in the measured quadrature.", "date": "2013-08-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "88", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 023838", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130917-103836848", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130917-103836848", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation", "grant_number": "GBF1250" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.88.023838", "primary_object": { "basename": "PhysRevA.88.023838.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yg418-0nx70/files/PhysRevA.88.023838.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Steinke, Steven K.; Schwab, K. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rxh4x-ezx07", "eprint_id": 41563, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:52:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:51:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Suh-Junho", "name": { "family": "Suh", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0112-0499" }, { "id": "Weinstein-Aaron-J", "name": { "family": "Weinstein", "given": "A. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2354-0777" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Optomechanical effects of two-level systems in a back-action evading measurement of micro-mechanical motion", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "cooling, electromechanical effects, ground states, lithography, micromechanical resonators, microwave resonators, motion measurement, optical pumping, parametric instability, superconducting cavity resonators, superconducting device noise", "note": "\u00a9 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. \n\nReceived 29 April 2013; accepted 3 July 2013; published online 29 July 2013. \n\nWe acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (NSF-IQIM 1125565), by DARPA (DARPA-QUANTUM HR0011-10-1-0066), and by NSF (NSF-DMR-1052647 and NSF-EEC 0832819).\n\nPublished - ApplPhysLett_103_052604.pdf
", "abstract": "We show that the two-level systems (TLS) in lithographic superconducting circuits act as a power-dependent dielectric leading to non-linear responses in a parametrically coupled electromechanical system. Driven TLS shift the microwave resonance frequency and modulate the mechanical resonance through the optical spring effect. By pumping with two tones in a back-action evading measurement, these effects produce a mechanical parametric instability which limits single quadrature imprecision to 1.4 x_(zp). The microwave resonator noise is also consistent to a TLS-noise model. These observations suggest design strategies for minimizing TLS effects to improve ground-state cooling and quantum non-demolition measurements of motion.", "date": "2013-07-29", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "103", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "Art. No. 052604", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130930-142615270", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130930-142615270", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "HR0011-10-1-0066" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1052647" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EEC-0832819" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.4816428", "primary_object": { "basename": "ApplPhysLett_103_052604.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rxh4x-ezx07/files/ApplPhysLett_103_052604.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Suh, J.; Weinstein, A. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n843k-6s630", "eprint_id": 36244, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:26:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:55:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Suh-Junho", "name": { "family": "Suh", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0112-0499" }, { "id": "Shaw-M-D", "name": { "family": "Shaw", "given": "M.D." } }, { "id": "LeDuc-H-G", "name": { "family": "LeDuc", "given": "H. G." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Weinstein-Aaron-J", "name": { "family": "Weinstein", "given": "A. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2354-0777" } ] }, "title": "Thermally Induced Parametric Instability in a Back-Action Evading Measurement of a Micromechanical Quadrature near the Zero-Point Level", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Back-action evasion, micromechanical resonator, superconducting resonator, parametric instability", "note": "\u00a9 2012 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: September 7, 2012; Revised: October 30, 2012; Published: November 7, 2012. \n\nWe would like to acknowledge generous and essential support\nfrom DARPA (DARPA-QUANTUM HR0011-10-1-0066) and the National Science Foundation (NSF-DMR 1052647, NSF-IQIM\n1125565). Fabrication was performed at the Microdevice Laboratory at JPL, and the Kavli Nanoscience Institute at Caltech.", "abstract": "We report the results of back-action evading experiments\nutilizing a tightly coupled electro-mechanical system formed by a radio\nfrequency micromechanical resonator parametrically coupled to a NbTiN\nsuperconducting microwave resonator. Due to excess dissipation in the\nmicrowave resonator, we observe a parametric instability induced by a thermal\nshift of the mechanical resonance frequency. In light of these measurements,\nwe discuss the constraints on microwave dissipation needed to perform BAE\nmeasurements far below the zero-point level.", "date": "2012-11-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nano Letters", "volume": "12", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "6260-6265", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130108-140901859", "issn": "1530-6992", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130108-140901859", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "HR0011-10-1-0066" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-1052647" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Kavli-Nanoscience-Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/nl303353r", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Suh, J.; Shaw, M.D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bxxv3-7q888", "eprint_id": 35273, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 07:00:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 15:55:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kaltenbaek-R", "name": { "family": "Kaltenbaek", "given": "Rainer" } }, { "id": "Hechenblaikner-G", "name": { "family": "Hechenblaikner", "given": "Gerald" } }, { "id": "Kiesel-N", "name": { "family": "Kiesel", "given": "Nikolai" } }, { "id": "Romero-Isart-O", "name": { "family": "Romero-Isart", "given": "Oriol" } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Johann-U", "name": { "family": "Johann", "given": "Ulrich" } }, { "id": "Aspelmeyer-M", "name": { "family": "Aspelmeyer", "given": "Markus" } } ] }, "title": "Macroscopic quantum resonators (MAQRO) - Testing quantum and gravitational physics with massive mechanical resonators", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "ESA's cosmic vision; Space mission; Fundamental physics; Quantum mechanics; Macrorealism; Quantum optomechanics; Equivalence principle", "note": "\u00a9 2012 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. \n\nReceived: 29 April 2011; Accepted: 16 February 2012; Published online: 16 March 2012. \n\nWe thank S. Hofer, G. Cole, K. Hammerer, A. Pflanzer and J. I. Cirac for valuable discussions, Johannes Burkhard for his help in designing the heat shield, T. Ziegler for his help with the 1-d DFACS for the CASE experiment, N. Brandt for his help and advice regarding the platform and experimental design, and we thank Jens Burkhard for the 3D graphics of the heat shield and the optical setups. R. K. acknowledges support from the Austrian Program for Advanced Research and Technology (APART) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and support from the European Commission (Marie Curie, FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG). O. R. -I. and N. K. acknowledge funding by the Alexander von Humboldt foundation, and M. A. acknowledges funding by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (START, FOQUS), the European Research Council (ERC StG QOM), and the European Commission (FP7 STREP MINOS, Q-ESSENCE).\n\nPublished - Kaltenbaek_2012p123.pdf
Submitted - 1201.4756v2.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantum physics challenges our understanding of the nature of physical reality and of space-time and suggests the necessity of radical revisions of their underlying concepts. Experimental tests of quantum phenomena involving massive macroscopic objects would provide novel insights into these fundamental questions. Making use of the unique environment provided by space, MAQRO aims at investigating this largely unexplored realm of macroscopic quantum physics. MAQRO has originally been proposed as a medium-sized fundamental-science space mission for the 2010 call of Cosmic Vision. MAQRO unites two experiments: DECIDE (DECoherence In Double-Slit Experiments) and CASE (Comparative Acceleration Sensing Experiment). The main scientific objective of MAQRO, which is addressed by the experiment DECIDE, is to test the predictions of quantum theory for quantum superpositions of macroscopic objects containing more than 108 atoms. Under these conditions, deviations due to various suggested alternative models to quantum theory would become visible. These models have been suggested to harmonize the paradoxical quantum phenomena both with the classical macroscopic world and with our notion of Minkowski space-time. The second scientific objective of MAQRO, which is addressed by the experiment CASE, is to demonstrate the performance of a novel type of inertial sensor based on optically trapped microspheres. CASE is a technology demonstrator that shows how the modular design of DECIDE allows to easily incorporate it with other missions that have compatible requirements in terms of spacecraft and orbit. CASE can, at the same time, serve as a test bench for the weak equivalence principle, i.e., the universality of free fall with test-masses differing in their mass by 7 orders of magnitude.", "date": "2012-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Experimental Astronomy", "volume": "34", "number": "2", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "123-164", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20121102-150900422", "issn": "0922-6435", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121102-150900422", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Austrian Program for Advanced Research and Technology (APART)" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "FP7-PEOPLE-2010-RG" }, { "agency": "Alexander von Humboldt Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)" }, { "agency": "European Commission (FP7 STREP MINOS, Q-ESSENCE)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/s10686-012-9292-3", "primary_object": { "basename": "1201.4756v2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bxxv3-7q888/files/1201.4756v2.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Kaltenbaek_2012p123.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bxxv3-7q888/files/Kaltenbaek_2012p123.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Kaltenbaek, Rainer; Hechenblaikner, Gerald; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bcs8q-zjc40", "eprint_id": 29696, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:49:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:22:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Fong-K-C", "name": { "family": "Fong", "given": "K. C." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Ultrasensitive and Wide-Bandwidth Thermal Measurements of Graphene at Low Temperatures", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Graphene, Mesoscopics, Photonics", "note": "\u00a9 2012 Published by the American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 9 April 2012; published 30 July 2012; corrected 3 August 2012. \n\nWe acknowledge help with microfabricated LC resonators from M. Shaw, and helpful conversations with P. Kim, J. Hone, E. Hendrickson, J. P. Eisentien, A. Clerk, P. Hung, E. Wollman, A. Weinstein, B.-I. Wu, D. Nandi, J. Zmuidzinas, J. Stern, W. H. Holmes, and P. Echternach. This work has been supported by the the FCRP Center on Functional Engineering Nano Architectonics (FENA) and US NSF (DMR-0804567). We are grateful to G. Rossman for the use of a Raman spectroscopy setup. Device fabrication was performed at the Kavli Nanoscience Institute (Caltech) and at the Micro Device Laboratory (NASA/JPL).\nThe authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.\n\nPublished - PhysRevX.2.031006.pdf
Submitted - 1202.5737v1.pdf
Erratum - PhysRevX.2.039903.pdf
", "abstract": "Graphene is a material with remarkable electronic properties[1] and exceptional thermal transport\nproperties near room temperature, which have been well examined and understood[2, 3].\nHowever at very low temperatures the thermodynamic and thermal transport properties are much\nless well explored[4, 5] and somewhat surprisingly, is expected to exhibit extreme thermal isolation.\nHere we demonstrate an ultra-sensitive, wide-bandwidth measurement scheme to probe the\nthermal transport and thermodynamic properties of the electron gas of graphene. We employ\nJohnson noise thermometry at microwave frequency to sensitively measure the temperature of the\nelectron gas with resolution of 4mK/\u221aHz and a bandwidth of 80 MHz. We have measured the\nelectron-phonon coupling from 2-30 K at a charge density of 2 \u202210^(11)cm^(-2). Utilizing bolometric\nmixing, we have sensed temperature oscillations with period of 430 ps and have determined the\nheat capacity of the electron gas to be 2 \u2022 10^(-21)J/(K \u2022\u00b5m^2) at 5 K which is consistent with that\nof a two dimensional, Dirac electron gas. These measurements suggest that graphene-based devices\ntogether with wide bandwidth noise thermometry can generate substantial advances in the\nareas of ultra-sensitive bolometry[6], calorimetry[7], microwave and terahertz photo-detection[8],\nand bolometric mixing for applications in areas such as observational astronomy[9] and quantum\ninformation and measurement[10].", "date": "2012-07-30", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review X", "volume": "2", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 031006", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120313-081134132", "issn": "2160-3308", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120313-081134132", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Center on Functional Engineering Nano Architectonics (FENA)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-0804567" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Kavli-Nanoscience-Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevX.2.031006", "primary_object": { "basename": "PhysRevX.2.039903.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bcs8q-zjc40/files/PhysRevX.2.039903.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1202.5737v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bcs8q-zjc40/files/1202.5737v1.pdf" }, { "basename": "PhysRevX.2.031006.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bcs8q-zjc40/files/PhysRevX.2.031006.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Fong, K. C. and Schwab, K. C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m6n7h-vfy28", "eprint_id": 32352, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:30:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:21:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Aspelmeyer-M", "name": { "family": "Aspelmeyer", "given": "Markus" } }, { "id": "Meystre-P", "name": { "family": "Meystre", "given": "Pierre" } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Quantum optomechanics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2012 American Institute of Physics.\n\nPublished - PTO000029.pdf
", "abstract": "Aided by optical cavities and superconducting circuits, researchers are coaxing ever-larger objects to wiggle, shake, and flex in ways that are distinctly quantum mechanical.", "date": "2012-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physics Today", "volume": "65", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "29-35", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120711-111331625", "issn": "0031-9228", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120711-111331625", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/PT.3.1640", "primary_object": { "basename": "PTO000029.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m6n7h-vfy28/files/PTO000029.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Aspelmeyer, Markus; Meystre, Pierre; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8z9p2-ara89", "eprint_id": 25290, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:48:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:45:58", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Steinke-S-K", "name": { "family": "Steinke", "given": "S. K." } }, { "id": "Singh-Swati", "name": { "family": "Singh", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Tasgin-M-E", "name": { "family": "Tasgin", "given": "M. E." } }, { "id": "Meystre-P", "name": { "family": "Meystre", "given": "P." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Vengalattore-M", "name": { "family": "Vengalattore", "given": "M." } } ] }, "title": "Quantum-measurement backaction from a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to a mechanical oscillator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2011 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 9 May 2011; published 25 August 2011. \n\nWe thank David Brown for his help during the initial stages of these calculations. This work was supported by the DARPA QuASAR program through a Grant from AFOSR and the DARPA-ORCHID program through a Grant from ARO, the US Army Research Office, and the NSF. M.V. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. MET is supported by TUBITAK (the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey).\n\nPublished - Steinke2011p15701Phys_Rev_A.pdf
", "abstract": "We study theoretically the dynamics of a hybrid optomechanical system consisting of a macroscopic mechanical membrane magnetically coupled to a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate via a nanomagnet attached at the membrane center. We demonstrate that this coupling permits us to monitor indirectly the center-of-mass position of the membrane via measurements of the spin of the condensed atoms. These measurements normally induce a significant backaction on the membrane motion, which we quantify for the cases of thermal and coherent initial states of the membrane. We discuss the possibility of measuring this quantum backaction via repeated measurements. We also investigate the potential to generate nonclassical states of the membrane, in particular Schr\u00f6dinger-cat states, via such repeated measurements.", "date": "2011-08-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "84", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 023841", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110912-085804452", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110912-085804452", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Alfred P. Sloan Foundation" }, { "agency": "T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Kavli-Nanoscience-Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.84.023841", "primary_object": { "basename": "Steinke2011p15701Phys_Rev_A.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8z9p2-ara89/files/Steinke2011p15701Phys_Rev_A.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Steinke, S. K.; Singh, S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dvgda-25z75", "eprint_id": 20630, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:58:24", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:16:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Suh-Junho", "name": { "family": "Suh", "given": "Junho" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0112-0499" }, { "id": "LaHaye-M-D", "name": { "family": "LaHaye", "given": "Matthew D." } }, { "id": "Echternach-P-M", "name": { "family": "Echternach", "given": "Pierre M." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "Michael L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" } ] }, "title": "Parametric Amplification and Back-Action Noise Squeezing by a Qubit-Coupled Nanoresonator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "NEMS; Cooper-pair-box qubit; dispersive coupling; parametric amplification; noise squeezing; squeezed state", "note": "\u00a9 2010 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review: 05/25/2010. Published on Web: 09/15/2010. \n\nThe authors thank to M. Cross, R. Lifshitz and R. Karabalin for discussions and R. E. Muller for electron beam lithography. This research was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.\n\nSupplemental Material - nl101844r_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "We demonstrate the parametric amplification and noise squeezing of nanomechanical motion utilizing dispersive coupling\nto a Cooper-pair box qubit. By modulating the qubit bias and resulting mechanical resonance shift, we achieve gain of 30 dB and\nnoise squeezing of 4 dB. This qubit-mediated effect is 3000 times more effective than that resulting from the weak nonlinearity of\ncapacitance to a nearby electrode. This technique may be used to prepare nanomechanical squeezed states.", "date": "2010-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nano Letters", "volume": "10", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "3990-3994", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20101102-084452139", "issn": "1530-6984", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20101102-084452139", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/nl101844r", "primary_object": { "basename": "nl101844r_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dvgda-25z75/files/nl101844r_si_001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Suh, Junho; LaHaye, Matthew D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jy7ap-6r346", "eprint_id": 17893, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:47:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 15:23:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hertzberg-J-B", "name": { "family": "Hertzberg", "given": "J. B." } }, { "id": "Rocheleau-T", "name": { "family": "Rocheleau", "given": "T." } }, { "id": "Ndukum-T", "name": { "family": "Ndukum", "given": "T." } }, { "id": "Savva-M", "name": { "family": "Savva", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Clerk-A-A", "name": { "family": "Clerk", "given": "A. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7297-9068" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Back-action-evading measurements of nanomechanical motion", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Electronics, photonics and device physics Nanotechnology", "note": "\u00a9 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited. \n\nReceived 24 April 2009; accepted 10 November 2009; published online 6 December 2009. \n\nWe would like to acknowledge helpful conversations with G. Milburn, M. Aspelmeyer, B. Plourde, M. Blencowe and R. Onofrio, and the assistance of P. Hauck, M. Corbett, S. Rosenthal and C. Macklin. The work has been supported by Cornell University and grants from FQXi and the National Science Foundation. A.A.C. wishes to thank the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. Device fabrication was carried out at the NSF-sponsored Cornell Nanoscale Facility.\n\nSubmitted - 0906.0967.pdf
Supplemental Material - nphys1479-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "When carrying out ultrasensitive continuous measurements of position, one must ultimately confront the fundamental effects of detection back-action. Back-action forces set a lower bound on the uncertainty in the measured position, the 'standard quantum limit' (SQL). Recent measurements of nano- and micromechanical resonators are rapidly approaching this limit. Making measurements with sensitivities surpassing the SQL will require a new kind of approach: back-action-evading (BAE), quantum non-demolition measurement techniques. Here we realize a BAE measurement based on the parametric coupling between a nanomechanical and a microwave resonator. We demonstrate for the first time BAE detection of a single quadrature of motion with sensitivity four times the quantum zero-point motion of the mechanical resonator. We identify a limiting parametric instability inherent in BAE measurement, and describe how to improve the technique to surpass the SQL and permit the formation of squeezed states of motion.", "date": "2010-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Physics", "volume": "6", "number": "3", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "213-217", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100408-094321850", "issn": "1745-2473", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100408-094321850", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Cornell University" }, { "agency": "Foundational Questions Institute (FQXI)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1038/nphys1479", "primary_object": { "basename": "0906.0967.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jy7ap-6r346/files/0906.0967.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nphys1479-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jy7ap-6r346/files/nphys1479-s1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Hertzberg, J. B.; Rocheleau, T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/76tsc-qdf17", "eprint_id": 17338, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:23:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 23:47:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rocheleau-T", "name": { "family": "Rocheleau", "given": "T." } }, { "id": "Ndukum-T", "name": { "family": "Ndukum", "given": "T." } }, { "id": "Macklin-C", "name": { "family": "Macklin", "given": "C." } }, { "id": "Hertzberg-J-B", "name": { "family": "Hertzberg", "given": "J. B." } }, { "id": "Clerk-A-A", "name": { "family": "Clerk", "given": "A. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7297-9068" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Preparation and detection of a mechanical resonator near the ground state of motion", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2010 Nature Publishing Group. \n\nReceived 13 August 2009; Accepted 18 November 2009; Published online 9 December 2009. \n\nWe acknowledge conversations with M. Blencowe, M. Aspelmeyer, R. Ilic, M. Skvarla, M. Metzler and M. Shaw and assistance from M. Savva, S. Rosenthal and M. Corbett. This work has been supported by the Fundamental Questions Institute (http://fqxi.org) (RFP2-08-27) and the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (DMR-0804567). Device fabrication was performed at the Cornell Nanoscale Facility, a member of the US National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NSF grant ECS-0335765). \n\nAuthor Contributions: T.R. and T.N. contributed equally to device fabrication and measurements. C.M. built key apparatus and assisted in experimental set-up. J.B.H. assisted in planning and analysis. A.A.C. provided theoretical analysis. K.C.S.\ninitiated and oversaw the work.\n\nSubmitted - 0907.3313.pdf
Supplemental Material - nature08681-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "Cold, macroscopic mechanical systems are expected to behave contrary to our usual classical understanding of reality; the most striking and counterintuitive predictions involve the existence of states in which the mechanical system is located in two places simultaneously. Various schemes have been proposed to generate and detect such states, and all require starting from mechanical states that are close to the lowest energy eigenstate, the mechanical ground state. Here we report the cooling of the motion of a radio-frequency nanomechanical resonator by parametric coupling to a driven, microwave-frequency superconducting resonator. Starting from a thermal occupation of 480 quanta, we have observed occupation factors as low as 3.8 \u00b1 1.3 and expect the mechanical resonator to be found with probability 0.21 in the quantum ground state of motion. Further cooling is limited by random excitation of the microwave resonator and heating of the dissipative mechanical bath. This level of cooling is expected to make possible a series of fundamental quantum mechanical observations including direct measurement of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and quantum entanglement with qubits.", "date": "2010-01-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "463", "number": "7277", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "72-75", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100128-133901103", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100128-133901103", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Foundational Questions Institute (FQXI)", "grant_number": "RFP2-08-27" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-0804567" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ECS-0335765" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1038/nature08681", "primary_object": { "basename": "0907.3313.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/76tsc-qdf17/files/0907.3313.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nature08681-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/76tsc-qdf17/files/nature08681-s1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Rocheleau, T.; Ndukum, T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yqqy3-86z98", "eprint_id": 15430, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:42:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:46:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gr\u00f6blacher-S", "name": { "family": "Gr\u00f6blacher", "given": "Simon" } }, { "id": "Hertzberg-J-B", "name": { "family": "Hertzberg", "given": "Jared B." } }, { "id": "Vanner-M-R", "name": { "family": "Vanner", "given": "Michael R." } }, { "id": "Cole-G-D", "name": { "family": "Cole", "given": "Garrett D." } }, { "id": "Gigan-S", "name": { "family": "Gigan", "given": "Sylvain" } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Aspelmeyer-M", "name": { "family": "Aspelmeyer", "given": "Markus" } } ] }, "title": "Demonstration of an ultracold micro-optomechanical oscillator in a cryogenic cavity", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Electronics; photonics and device physics", "note": "\u00a9 2009 Nature Publishing Group. \n\nReceived 5 March 2009; accepted 1 May 2009; published online 7 June 2009. \n\nWe thank R. Lalezari (ATFilms) and M. Metzler, R. Ilic and M. Skvarla (CNF) and F. Blaser, T. Corbitt and W. Lang for discussion and support. We acknowledge support by the Austrian Science Fund FWF (Projects P19539, L426, START), by the European Commission (Projects MINOS, IQOS) and by the Foundational Questions Institute fqxi.org (Grants RFP2-08-03, RFP2-08-27). Part of this work was carried out at the Cornell NanoScale Facility, a member of the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ECS-0335765). S.Gr. is a recipient of a DOC-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and G.D.C. of a Marie Curie Fellowship of the European Commission. S.Gr. and M.R.V. are members of the FWF doctoral program Complex Quantum Systems (W1210). \n\nAuthor contributions: All authors have made a significant contribution to the concept, design, execution or interpretation of the presented work.\n\nSubmitted - 0907.3313v1.pdf
Supplemental Material - nphys1301-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "Preparing and manipulating quantum states of mechanical resonators is a highly interdisciplinary undertaking that now receives enormous interest for its far-reaching potential in fundamental and applied science. Up to now, only nanoscale mechanical devices achieved operation close to the quantum regime. We report a new micro-optomechanical resonator that is laser cooled to a level of 30 thermal quanta. This is equivalent to the best nanomechanical devices, however, with a mass more than four orders of magnitude larger (43 ng versus 1 pg) and at more than two orders of magnitude higher environment temperature (5 K versus 30 mK). Despite the large laser-added cooling factor of 4,000 and the cryogenic environment, our cooling performance is not limited by residual absorption effects. These results pave the way for the preparation of 100-m scale objects in the quantum regime. Possible applications range from quantum-limited optomechanical sensing devices to macroscopic tests of quantum physics.", "date": "2009-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Physics", "volume": "5", "number": "7", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "485-488", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090828-161056938", "issn": "1745-2473", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090828-161056938", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P19539" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L426" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "START" }, { "agency": "European Commission" }, { "agency": "Foundational Questions Institute (FQXI)", "grant_number": "RFP2-08-03" }, { "agency": "Foundational Questions Institute (FQXI)", "grant_number": "RFP2-08-27" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ECS-0335765" }, { "agency": "Austrian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "W1210" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nphys1301", "primary_object": { "basename": "0907.3313v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yqqy3-86z98/files/0907.3313v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nphys1301-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yqqy3-86z98/files/nphys1301-s1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Gr\u00f6blacher, Simon; Hertzberg, Jared B.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cz139-h5x71", "eprint_id": 15381, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:05:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:43:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "LaHaye-M-D", "name": { "family": "LaHaye", "given": "M. D." } }, { "id": "Suh-Junho", "name": { "family": "Suh", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0112-0499" }, { "id": "Echternach-P-M", "name": { "family": "Echternach", "given": "P. M." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "M. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" } ] }, "title": "Nanomechanical measurements of a superconducting qubit", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2009 Nature Publishing Group. \n\nReceived 24 December 2008; Accepted 23 April 2009. \n\nThe authors would like to thank T. Duty, C. Wilson, G. Milburn, A. Doherty, E. Babourina-Brooks, A. Armour, A. Clerk and I. Bargatin for discussions; S. Stryker and A. Sears for assistance in constructing the measurement apparatus; and R. E. Muller for electron beam lithography. K.C.S. acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation (DMR-0804567) and the Foundational Questions Institute (RFP2-08-27). M.D.L. acknowledges support from the Center for the Physics of Information, California Institute of Technology. Part of the research described in this publication was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration. \n\nSupplementary information accompanies this paper.\n\nSupplemental Material - nature08093-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "The observation of the quantum states of motion of a macroscopic mechanical structure remains an open challenge in quantum-state preparation and measurement. One approach that has received extensive theoretical attention is the integration of superconducting qubits as control and detection elements in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). Here we report measurements of a NEMS resonator coupled to a superconducting qubit, a Cooper-pair box. We demonstrate that the coupling results in a dispersive shift of the nanomechanical frequency that is the mechanical analogue of the 'single-atom index effect' experienced by electromagnetic resonators in cavity quantum electrodynamics. The large magnitude of the dispersive interaction allows us to perform NEMS-based spectroscopy of the superconducting qubit, and enables observation of Landau\u2013Zener interference effects\u2014a demonstration of nanomechanical read-out of quantum interference.", "date": "2009-06-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "459", "number": "7249", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "960-964", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090827-161710676", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090827-161710676", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-0804567" }, { "agency": "Foundational Questions Institute (FQXI)", "grant_number": "RFP2-08-27" }, { "agency": "Center for the Physics of Information, Caltech" }, { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Kavli-Nanoscience-Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nature08093", "primary_object": { "basename": "nature08093-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cz139-h5x71/files/nature08093-s1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "LaHaye, M. D.; Suh, J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/62caj-azw65", "eprint_id": 15758, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 13:44:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:13:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Woolley-M-J", "name": { "family": "Woolley", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Doherty-A-C", "name": { "family": "Doherty", "given": "A. C." } }, { "id": "Milburn-G-J", "name": { "family": "Milburn", "given": "G. J." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Nanomechanical squeezing with detection via a microwave cavity", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "cavity resonators; laser cooling; micromechanical resonators; microwave photonics; optical parametric amplifiers; optical squeezing; superconducting microwave devices", "note": "\u00a92008 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 13 March 2008; published 3 December 2008. \n\nWe acknowledge support from the Australian Research Council. M.J.W. thanks Christian Weedbrook for useful discussions.\n\nPublished - WoolleyPhysRevA_78_062303.pdf
", "abstract": "We study a parametrically driven nanomechanical resonator capacitively coupled to a microwave cavity. If the nanoresonator can be cooled to near its quantum ground state then quantum squeezing of a quadrature of the nanoresonator motion becomes feasible. We consider the adiabatic limit in which the cavity mode is slaved to the nanoresonator mode. By driving the cavity on its red-detuned sideband, the squeezing can be coupled into the microwave field at the cavity resonance. The red-detuned sideband drive is also compatible with the goal of ground state cooling. Squeezing of the output microwave field may be inferred using a technique similar to that used to infer squeezing of the field produced by a Josephson parametric amplifier, and subsequently, squeezing of the nanoresonator motion may be inferred. We have calculated the output field microwave squeezing spectra and related this to squeezing of the nanoresonator motion, both at zero and finite temperature. Driving the cavity on the blue-detuned sideband, and on both the blue and red sidebands, have also been considered within the same formalism.", "date": "2008-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "78", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 062303", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092250976", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092250976", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Australian Research Council" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.78.062303", "primary_object": { "basename": "WoolleyPhysRevA_78_062303.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/62caj-azw65/files/WoolleyPhysRevA_78_062303.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Woolley, M. J.; Doherty, A. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cyjq7-pjp95", "eprint_id": 15759, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:23:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:13:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kemiktarak-U", "name": { "family": "Kemiktarak", "given": "U." } }, { "id": "Ndukum-T", "name": { "family": "Ndukum", "given": "T." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Ekinci-K-L", "name": { "family": "Ekinci", "given": "K. L." } } ] }, "title": "Radio-frequency scanning tunnelling microscopy", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2007 Nature Publishing Group. \n\nReceived 19 April; accepted 7 September 2007. \n\nWe thank D. M. Karabacak for help with optical interferometry and A. Vandelay for discussions. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Division of Materials Research (IMR Programme), the Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation (MDSE Programme) and the Cornell Center for Materials Research. \n\nSupplementary Information is linked to the online version of the paper at www.nature.com/nature.\n\nSupplemental Material - nature06238-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) relies on localized electron tunnelling between a sharp probe tip and a conducting sample to attain atomic-scale spatial resolution. In the 25-year period since its invention, the STM has helped uncover a wealth of phenomena in diverse physical systems -\u2014 ranging from semiconductors to superconductors to atomic and molecular nanosystems. A severe limitation in scanning tunnelling microscopy is the low temporal resolution, originating from the diminished high-frequency response of the tunnel current readout circuitry. Here we overcome this limitation by measuring the reflection from a resonant inductor\u2013capacitor circuit in which the tunnel junction is embedded, and demonstrate electronic bandwidths as high as 10 MHz. This ~100-fold bandwidth improvement on the state of the art translates into fast surface topography as well as delicate measurements in mesoscopic electronics and mechanics. Broadband noise measurements across the tunnel junction using this radio-frequency STM have allowed us to perform thermometry at the nanometre scale. Furthermore, we have detected high-frequency mechanical motion with a sensitivity approaching ~15 fm Hz^(-1/2). This sensitivity is on par with the highest available from nanoscale optical and electrical displacement detection techniques, and the radio-frequency STM is expected to be capable of quantum-limited position measurements.", "date": "2007-11-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "450", "number": "7166", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "85-88", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251147", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251147", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Cornell Center for Materials Research" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nature06238", "primary_object": { "basename": "nature06238-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cyjq7-pjp95/files/nature06238-s1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Kemiktarak, U.; Ndukum, T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gbv8b-x6x26", "eprint_id": 15760, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:30:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:13:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Truitt-P-A", "name": { "family": "Truitt", "given": "Patrick A." } }, { "id": "Hertzberg-J-B", "name": { "family": "Hertzberg", "given": "Jared B." } }, { "id": "Huang-C-C", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "C. C." } }, { "id": "Ekinci-K-L", "name": { "family": "Ekinci", "given": "Kamil L." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Efficient and Sensitive Capacitive Readout of Nanomechanical Resonator Arrays", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2007 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived September 27, 2006. Revised Manuscript Received November 12, 2006. Publication Date (Web): December 6, 2006. \n\nWe acknowledge fruitful conversations with Dr. A. Vandelay and Prof. E. von Nostrand. C.C.H. and K.L.E. acknowledge support from the U.S. NSF under grants nos. BES-216274 and CMS-324416.", "abstract": "Here we describe all-electronic broadband motion detection in radio frequency nanomechanical resonators. Our technique relies upon the measurement of small motional capacitance changes using an LC impedance transformation network. We first demonstrate the technique on a single doubly clamped beam resonator with a side gate over a wide range of temperatures from 20 mK to 300 K. We then apply the technique to accomplish multiplexed readout of an array of individually addressable resonators, all embedded in a single high-frequency circuit. This technique may find use in a variety of applications ranging from ultrasensitive mass and force sensing to quantum information processing.", "date": "2007-01-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nano Letters", "volume": "7", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "120-126", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251330", "issn": "1530-6984", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251330", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "BES-216274" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CMS-324416" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/nl062278g", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Truitt, Patrick A.; Hertzberg, Jared B.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cr4nj-sc518", "eprint_id": 15761, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 07:38:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:13:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "B\u00f6hm-H-R", "name": { "family": "B\u00f6hm", "given": "H. R." } }, { "id": "Gigan-S", "name": { "family": "Gigan", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Blaser-F", "name": { "family": "Blaser", "given": "F." } }, { "id": "Zeilinger-A", "name": { "family": "Zeilinger", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Aspelmeyer-M", "name": { "family": "Aspelmeyer", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Langer-G", "name": { "family": "Langer", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "B\u00e4uerle-D", "name": { "family": "B\u00e4uerle", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "Hertzberg-J-B", "name": { "family": "Hertzberg", "given": "J. B." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "High reflectivity high-Q micromechanical Bragg mirror", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "reflectivity; Q-factor; micromirrors; micromechanical devices; optical fabrication; dielectric devices; laser ablation; etching", "note": "\u00a92006 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 28 July 2006; accepted 13 October 2006; published 27 November 2006. \n\nThe authors would like to thank Heidi Piglmayer-Brezina for fabricating the masks for the laser ablation. The authors acknowledge financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under the programs SFB15 and P16133-N08, by the Austrian NANO Initiative (MNA), by the European Commission under the Integrated Project Qubit Applications (QAP) funded by the IST Directorate under Contract No. 015846, by grant RFP1-06-14 from The Foundational Questions Institute, and by the City of Vienna.\n\nPublished - BohmApplPhysLett_89_223101.pdf
", "abstract": "The authors report on the fabrication and characterization of a micromechanical oscillator consisting only of a freestanding dielectric Bragg mirror with high optical reflectivity and high mechanical quality. The fabrication technique is a hybrid approach involving laser ablation and dry etching. The mirror has a reflectivity of 99.6%, a mass of 400 ng, and a mechanical quality factor Q of approximately 10^4. Using this micromirror in a Fabry-P\u00e9rot cavity, a finesse of 500 has been achieved. This is an important step towards designing tunable high-Q high-finesse cavities on chip.", "date": "2006-11-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "89", "number": "22", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "Art. No. 223101", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251503", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251503", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "SFB15" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P16133-N08" }, { "agency": "Austrian NANO Initiative (MNA)" }, { "agency": "European Commission", "grant_number": "015846" }, { "agency": "Foundational Questions Institute (FQXI)", "grant_number": "RFP1-06-14" }, { "agency": "City of Vienna (Austria)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.2393000", "primary_object": { "basename": "BohmApplPhysLett_89_223101.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cr4nj-sc518/files/BohmApplPhysLett_89_223101.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "B\u00f6hm, H. R.; Gigan, S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h09m8-mn379", "eprint_id": 67235, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:52:04", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:59:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Quantum physics: Information on heat", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Nature Publishing Group.", "abstract": "In the past 20 years, physicists have learnt a tremendous amount about the transport of matter and energy through devices small enough for quantum effects to come into play. One surprising fact that has emerged is that the rates of transport in such devices, expressed for example by their electronic or thermal conductance, have simple quantum-mechanical limits. On page 187 of this issue, Meschke et al. extend this principle to heat conduction by photons. Although the result will certainly have practical ramifications for the engineering of ultra-sensitive detectors, sensors and microelectronic refrigerators, the physics behind it hints at more fundamental truths.", "date": "2006-11-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "444", "number": "7116", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "161-162", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-070945328", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-070945328", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1038/444161a", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Schwab, Keith" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s2802-rcp43", "eprint_id": 15762, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:50:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:13:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gigan-S", "name": { "family": "Gigan", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "B\u00f6hm-H-R", "name": { "family": "B\u00f6hm", "given": "H. R." } }, { "id": "Paternostro-M", "name": { "family": "Paternostro", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Blaser-F", "name": { "family": "Blaser", "given": "F." } }, { "id": "Langer-G", "name": { "family": "Langer", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "Hertzberg-J-B", "name": { "family": "Hertzberg", "given": "J. B." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "B\u00e4uerle-D", "name": { "family": "B\u00e4uerle", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "Aspelmeyer-M", "name": { "family": "Aspelmeyer", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Zeilinger-A", "name": { "family": "Zeilinger", "given": "A." } } ] }, "title": "Self-cooling of a micromirror by radiation pressure", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Nature Publishing Group. \n\nReceived 27 March; accepted 22 September 2006. \n\nWe thank C. Brukner, S. Gr\u00f6blacher, J. Kofler, T. Jennewein, M. S. Kim, A. Vandaley and D. Vitali for discussion. We acknowledge financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), by the City of Vienna, by the Austrian NANO Initiative (MNA) and by the Foundational Questions Institute (FQXi). \n\nSupplementary Information is linked to the online version of the paper at www.nature.com/nature.\n\nSubmitted - 0607068v2.pdf
Supplemental Material - nature05273-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "Cooling of mechanical resonators is currently a popular topic in many fields of physics including ultra-high precision measurements1, detection of gravitational waves, and the study of the transition between classical and quantum behaviour of a mechanical system. Here we report the observation of self-cooling of a micromirror by radiation pressure inside a high-finesse optical cavity. In essence, changes in intensity in a detuned cavity, as caused by the thermal vibration of the mirror, provide the mechanism for entropy flow from the mirror's oscillatory motion to the low-entropy cavity field. The crucial coupling between radiation and mechanical motion was made possible by producing free-standing micromirrors of low mass (m \u2248 400 ng), high reflectance (more than 99.6%) and high mechanical quality (Q \u2248 10,000). We observe cooling of the mechanical oscillator by a factor of more than 30; that is, from room temperature to below 10 K. In addition to purely photothermal effects we identify radiation pressure as a relevant mechanism responsible for the cooling. In contrast with earlier experiments, our technique does not need any active feedback. We expect that improvements of our method will permit cooling ratios beyond 1,000 and will thus possibly enable cooling all the way down to the quantum mechanical ground state of the micromirror.", "date": "2006-11-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "444", "number": "7115", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "67-70", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251691", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251691", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds" }, { "agency": "City of Vienna (Austria)" }, { "agency": "Austrian NANO Initiative (MNA)" }, { "agency": "Foundational Questions Institute (FQXI)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nature05273", "primary_object": { "basename": "0607068v2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s2802-rcp43/files/0607068v2.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nature05273-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s2802-rcp43/files/nature05273-s1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Gigan, S.; B\u00f6hm, H. R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0q9zh-xsx71", "eprint_id": 15763, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:36:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:13:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Naik-A", "name": { "family": "Naik", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Buu-O", "name": { "family": "Buu", "given": "O." } }, { "id": "LaHaye-M-D", "name": { "family": "LaHaye", "given": "M. D." } }, { "id": "Armour-A-D", "name": { "family": "Armour", "given": "A. D." } }, { "id": "Clerk-A-A", "name": { "family": "Clerk", "given": "A. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7297-9068" }, { "id": "Blencowe-M-P", "name": { "family": "Blencowe", "given": "M. P." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Cooling a nanomechanical resonator with quantum back-action", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Nature Publishing Group. \n\nReceived 17 February; accepted 30 June 2006. \n\nWe thank A. Rimberg and A. Vandaley for discussions, and\nB. Camarota for assistance with the fabrication of the samples. M.P.B. is supported by the NSF through an NIRT grant, A.D.A. is supported by the EPSRC, and A.A.C. is supported by NSERC. \n\nAuthor Contributions: A.N. and O.B. contributed equally to this work. \n\nSupplementary Information is linked to the online version of the paper at www.nature.com/nature.\n\nSubmitted - 0609297.pdf
Supplemental Material - nature05027-s1.doc
", "abstract": "Quantum mechanics demands that the act of measurement must affect the measured object. When a linear amplifier is used to continuously monitor the position of an object, the Heisenberg uncertainty relationship requires that the object be driven by force impulses, called back-action. Here we measure the back-action of a superconducting single-electron transistor (SSET) on a radio-frequency nanomechanical resonator. The conductance of the SSET, which is capacitively coupled to the resonator, provides a sensitive probe of the latter's position; back-action effects manifest themselves as an effective thermal bath, the properties of which depend sensitively on SSET bias conditions. Surprisingly, when the SSET is biased near a transport resonance, we observe cooling of the nanomechanical mode from 550 mK to 300 mK\u2014an effect that is analogous to laser cooling in atomic physics. Our measurements have implications for nanomechanical readout of quantum information devices and the limits of ultrasensitive force microscopy (such as single-nuclear-spin magnetic resonance force microscopy). Furthermore, we anticipate the use of these back-action effects to prepare ultracold and quantum states of mechanical structures, which would not be accessible with existing technology.", "date": "2006-09-14", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "443", "number": "7108", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "193-196", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251882", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092251882", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nature05027", "primary_object": { "basename": "0609297.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0q9zh-xsx71/files/0609297.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nature05027-s1.doc", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0q9zh-xsx71/files/nature05027-s1.doc" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Naik, A.; Buu, O.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sznep-mhc22", "eprint_id": 67258, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:09:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:00:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stick-D", "name": { "family": "Stick", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "Hensinger-W-K", "name": { "family": "Hensinger", "given": "W. K." } }, { "id": "Olmschenk-S", "name": { "family": "Olmschenk", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Madsen-M-J", "name": { "family": "Madsen", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Monroe-C", "name": { "family": "Monroe", "given": "C." } } ] }, "title": "Ion trap in a semiconductor chip", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Nature Publishing Group. \n\nReceived 15 September 2005; accepted 28 October 2005; published 11 December 2005. \n\nWe acknowledge useful discussions with J. A. Rabchuk, S. Horst, T. Olver, K. Eng, P. Lee, P. Haljan, K.-A. Brickman, L. Deslauriers and M. Acton. This work was supported by the US Advanced Research and Development Activity and National Security Agency under Army Research Office contract W911NF-04-1-0234, and the National Science Foundation Information Technology Research Program. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.\n\nSubmitted - 0601052.pdf
", "abstract": "The electromagnetic manipulation of isolated atoms has led to many advances in physics, from laser cooling and Bose\u2013Einstein condensation of cold gases to the precise quantum control of individual atomic ions. Work on miniaturizing electromagnetic traps to the micrometre scale promises even higher levels of control and reliability. Compared with 'chip traps' for confining neutral atoms, ion traps with similar dimensions and power dissipation offer much higher confinement forces and allow unparalleled control at the single-atom level. Moreover, ion microtraps are of great interest in the development of miniature mass-spectrometer arrays, compact atomic clocks and, most notably, large-scale quantum information processors. Here we report the operation of a micrometre-scale ion trap, fabricated on a monolithic chip using semiconductor micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. We confine, laser cool and measure heating of a single ^(111)Cd^+ ion in an integrated radiofrequency trap etched from a doped gallium-arsenide heterostructure.", "date": "2006-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Physics", "volume": "2", "number": "1", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "36-39", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-114031722", "issn": "1745-2473", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-114031722", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-04-1-0234" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Advanced Research and Development Activity" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nphys171", "primary_object": { "basename": "0601052.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sznep-mhc22/files/0601052.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Stick, D.; Hensinger, W. K.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kkwsj-be482", "eprint_id": 1654, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:35:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 22:55:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Blencowe-M-P", "name": { "family": "Blencowe", "given": "M. P." } }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "M. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" }, { "id": "Cleland-A-N", "name": { "family": "Cleland", "given": "A. N." } }, { "id": "Girvin-S-M", "name": { "family": "Girvin", "given": "S. M." } }, { "id": "Milburn-G-J", "name": { "family": "Milburn", "given": "G. J." } }, { "id": "Ekinci-K-L", "name": { "family": "Ekinci", "given": "K. L." } } ] }, "title": "Comment on \"Evidence for Quantized Displacement in Macroscopic Nanomechanical Oscillators\"", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Foundations of quantum mechanics; measurement theory; Mechanical and elastic waves; vibrations in condensed matter; Anelasticity, internal friction, stress relaxation, and mechanical resonances; Mechanical properties of nanoscale materials", "note": "\u00a9 2005 The American Physical Society \n\n(Received 26 February 2005; published 5 December 2005)\n\nPublished - SCHWprl05comm.pdf
", "abstract": "In a recent Letter, Gaidarzhy et al. [1] claim to have observed evidence for \"quantized displacements\" of a high-order mode of a nanomechanical oscillator. We contend that the methods employed by the authors are unsuitable in principle to observe such states for any harmonic mode.", "date": "2005-12-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "95", "number": "24", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. no. 248901", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SCHWprl05comm", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SCHWprl05comm", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.248901", "primary_object": { "basename": "SCHWprl05comm.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kkwsj-be482/files/SCHWprl05comm.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Schwab, K. C.; Blencowe, M. P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7ske1-f9490", "eprint_id": 15764, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:39:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:13:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Irish-E-K", "name": { "family": "Irish", "given": "E. K." } }, { "id": "Gea-Banacloche-J", "name": { "family": "Gea-Banacloche", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Martin-I", "name": { "family": "Martin", "given": "I." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2010-6449" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Dynamics of a two-level system strongly coupled to a high-frequency quantum oscillator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "PACS: 42.50.Md, 42.50.Hz, 85.25.Cp, 85.85.+j", "note": "\u00a9 2005 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 12 August 2005; published 10 November 2005. \n\nHelpful discussions with Keith Miller, Alex Hutchinson, Carlos Sanchez, Akshay Naik, and Marc Manheimer, are gratefully acknowledged. E.K.I. acknowledges support from the National Physical Sciences Consortium and the Army Research Office.\n\nPublished - IrishPhysRevB.72.195410.pdf
", "abstract": "Recent experiments on quantum behavior in microfabricated solid-state systems suggest tantalizing connections to quantum optics. Several of these experiments address the prototypical problem of cavity quantum electrodynamics: a two-level system coupled to a quantum harmonic oscillator. Such devices may allow the exploration of parameter regimes outside the near-resonance and weak-coupling assumptions of the ubiquitous rotating-wave approximation (RWA), necessitating other theoretical approaches. One such approach is an adiabatic approximation in the limit that the oscillator frequency is much larger than the characteristic frequency of the two-level system. A derivation of the approximation is presented, together with a discussion of its applicability in a system consisting of a Cooper-pair box coupled to a nanomechanical resonator. Within this approximation the time evolution of the two-level-system occupation probability is calculated using both thermal- and coherent-state initial conditions for the oscillator, focusing particularly on collapse and revival phenomena. For thermal-state initial conditions parameter regimes are found in which collapse and revival regions may be clearly distinguished, unlike the erratic evolution of the thermal-state RWA model. Coherent-state initial conditions lead to complex behavior, which exhibits sensitive dependence on the coupling strength and the initial amplitude of the oscillator state. One feature of the regime considered here is that closed-form evaluation of the time evolution may be carried out in the weak-coupling limit, which provides insight into the differences between the thermal- and coherent-state models. Finally, potential experimental observations in solid-state systems, particularly the Cooper-pair box\u2014nanomechanical resonator system, are discussed and found to be promising.", "date": "2005-11-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review B", "volume": "72", "number": "19", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 195410", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252061", "issn": "1098-0121", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252061", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Physical Sciences Consortium" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195410", "primary_object": { "basename": "IrishPhysRevB.72.195410.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7ske1-f9490/files/IrishPhysRevB.72.195410.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Irish, E. K.; Gea-Banacloche, J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2sa8q-hs386", "eprint_id": 75015, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:28:04", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:39:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hensinger-W-K", "name": { "family": "Hensinger", "given": "W. K." } }, { "id": "Utami-D-W", "name": { "family": "Utami", "given": "D. W." } }, { "id": "Goan-H-S", "name": { "family": "Goan", "given": "H.-S." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Monroe-C", "name": { "family": "Monroe", "given": "C." } }, { "id": "Milburn-G-J", "name": { "family": "Milburn", "given": "G. J." } } ] }, "title": "Ion trap transducers for quantum electromechanical oscillators", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Physical Society.\n\nReceived 8 January 2005; published 25 October 2005.\n\nG.J.M. acknowledges the support of the ARC Federation Grant. H.S.G. acknowledges support from the National Science Council, Taiwan under Contract No. NSC94-2112-M-002-028. This work was supported by FOCUS seed funding and the U.S. National Security Agency and Advanced Research and Development Activity under Army Research Office Contract No. W911NF-04-1-0234, and the National Science Foundation Information Technology Research Program.\n\nPublished - PhysRevA.72.041405.pdf
Submitted - 0501037.pdf
", "abstract": "An enduring challenge for contemporary physics is to experimentally observe and control quantum behavior in macroscopic systems. We show that a single trapped atomic ion could be used to probe the quantum nature of a mesoscopic mechanical oscillator precooled to 4K, and furthermore, to cool the oscillator with high efficiency to its quantum ground state. The proposed experiment could be performed using currently available technology.", "date": "2005-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "72", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 041405", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170310-082830253", "issn": "2469-9926", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170310-082830253", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "ARC Federation" }, { "agency": "National Science Council (Taipei)", "grant_number": "NSC94-2112-M-002-028" }, { "agency": "FOCUS" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-04-1-0234" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.72.041405", "primary_object": { "basename": "0501037.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2sa8q-hs386/files/0501037.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevA.72.041405.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2sa8q-hs386/files/PhysRevA.72.041405.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Hensinger, W. K.; Utami, D. W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zds7q-4r767", "eprint_id": 15765, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:26:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:13:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Fon-Warren", "name": { "family": "Fon", "given": "W. Chung" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5447-2324" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Worlock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Worlock", "given": "John M." } }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "Michael L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" } ] }, "title": "Nanoscale, Phonon-Coupled Calorimetry with Sub-Attojoule/Kelvin Resolution", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived July 14, 2005; Revised Manuscript Received August 5, 2005. Publication Date (Web): September 7, 2005. \n\nWe gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the NSF through Grant DMR-0102886.", "abstract": "We have developed an ultrasensitive nanoscale calorimeter that enables heat capacity measurements upon minute, externally affixed (phonon-coupled) samples at low temperatures. For a 5 s measurement at 2 K, we demonstrate an unprecedented resolution of \u0394C ~ 0.5 aJ/K (~36 000 k_B). This sensitivity is sufficient to enable heat capacity measurements upon zeptomole-scale samples or upon adsorbates with sub-monolayer coverage across the minute cross sections of these devices. We describe the fabrication and operation of these devices and demonstrate their sensitivity by measuring an adsorbed ^4He film with optimum resolution of ~3 \u00d7 10^(-5) monolayers upon an active surface area of only ~1.2 \u00d7 10^(-9) m^2.", "date": "2005-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nano Letters", "volume": "5", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1968-1971", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252240", "issn": "1530-6984", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252240", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-0102886" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/nl051345o", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Fon, W. Chung; Schwab, Keith C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/31zxd-j8h27", "eprint_id": 15766, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:00:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:14:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "Michael L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" } ] }, "title": "Putting mechanics into quantum mechanics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Institute of Physics.\n\nPublished - SchwabPTO000036.pdf
", "abstract": "Nanoelectromechanical structures are starting to approach the ultimate quantum mechanical limits for detecting and exciting motion at the nanoscale. Nonclassical states of a mechanical resonator are also on the horizon.", "date": "2005-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physics Today", "volume": "58", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "36-42", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252437", "issn": "0031-9228", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252437", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2012461", "primary_object": { "basename": "SchwabPTO000036.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/31zxd-j8h27/files/SchwabPTO000036.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Schwab, Keith C. and Roukes, Michael L." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ays1g-ngf67", "eprint_id": 67255, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:58:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:00:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ruskov-R", "name": { "family": "Ruskov", "given": "Rusko" } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Korotkov-A-N", "name": { "family": "Korotkov", "given": "Alexander N." } } ] }, "title": "Squeezing of a nanomechanical resonator by quantum nondemolition measurement and feedback", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 22 November 2004; revised manuscript received 31 January 2005; published 9 June 2005.\n\nThe authors would like to thank D. Averin, A. Doherty, S.\nHabib, K. Jacobs, K. Likharev, I. Martin, A. Matsko, and G.\nMilburn for fruitful discussions and remarks. The work was\nsupported by NSA and ARDA under ARO Grants Nos.\nDAAD19-01-1-0491 and W911NF-04-1-0204 (R.R. and\nA.N.K.) and by NSA (K.S.).\n\nPublished - PhysRevB.71.235407.pdf
Submitted - 0411617v1.pdf
", "abstract": "We analyze squeezing of the nanoresonator state produced by periodic measurement of position by a quantum point contact or a single-electron transistor. The mechanism of squeezing is the stroboscopic quantum nondemolition measurement generalized to the case of continuous measurement by a weakly coupled detector. The magnitude of squeezing is calculated for the harmonic and stroboscopic modulations of measurement, taking into account detector efficiency and nanoresonator quality factor. We also analyze the operation of the quantum feedback, which prevents fluctuations of the wave packet center due to measurement back-action. Verification of the squeezed state can be performed in almost the same way as its preparation; a similar procedure can also be used for the force detection with sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit.", "date": "2005-06-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review B", "volume": "71", "number": "23", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 235407", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-110713656", "issn": "1098-0121", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-110713656", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "DAAD19-01-1-0491" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-04-1-0204" }, { "agency": "Advanced Research and Development Activity" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.71.235407", "primary_object": { "basename": "0411617v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ays1g-ngf67/files/0411617v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevB.71.235407.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ays1g-ngf67/files/PhysRevB.71.235407.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Ruskov, Rusko; Schwab, Keith; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9b00-nat25", "eprint_id": 67263, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 03:08:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:00:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pelekhov-D-V", "name": { "family": "Pelekhov", "given": "Denis V." } }, { "id": "Selcu-C", "name": { "family": "Selcu", "given": "Camelia" } }, { "id": "Banerjee-P", "name": { "family": "Banerjee", "given": "Palash" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0401-8155" }, { "id": "Fong-Kin-Chung", "name": { "family": "Fong", "given": "Kin Chung" } }, { "id": "Hammel-P-C", "name": { "family": "Hammel", "given": "P. Chris" } }, { "id": "Bhaskaran-H", "name": { "family": "Bhaskaran", "given": "Harish" } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Light-free magnetic resonance force microscopy for studies of electron spin polarized systems", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Magnetic resonance force microscopy; Displacement detection; Capacitive displacement detection; ESR; EPR; Silicon", "note": "\u00a9 2004 Elsevier B.V. \n\nAvailable online 4 November 2004. \n\nThis work was supported by the Army Research Office through Grant DAAD 19-02-1-0310 and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency through the MOSAIC program.", "abstract": "Magnetic resonance force microscopy is a scanned probe technique capable of three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Its excellent sensitivity opens the possibility for magnetic resonance studies of spin accumulation resulting from the injection of spin polarized currents into a para-magnetic collector. The method is based on mechanical detection of magnetic resonance which requires low noise detection of cantilever displacement; so far, this has been accomplished using optical interferometry. This is undesirable for experiments on doped silicon, where the presence of light is known to enhance spin relaxation rates. We report a non-optical displacement detection scheme based on sensitive microwave capacitive readout.", "date": "2005-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials", "volume": "286", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "324-328", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-144938529", "issn": "0304-8853", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-144938529", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "DAAD 19-02-1-0310" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.09.088", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Pelekhov, Denis V.; Selcu, Camelia; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n471f-fn566", "eprint_id": 67251, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:12:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:00:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ruskov-R", "name": { "family": "Ruskov", "given": "Rusko" } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Korotkov-A-N", "name": { "family": "Korotkov", "given": "Alexander N." } } ] }, "title": "Quantum Nondemolition Squeezing of a Nanomechanical Resonator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS), quantum feedback, squeezing", "note": "\u00a9 2005 IEEE. \n\nManuscript received June 15, 2004; revised August 7, 2004. \n\nThe work of R. Ruskov and A. N. Korotkov was supported by the National Security Agency and the Advanced Research and Development Activity under ARO Grant DAAD 19-01-1-0491. The work of K. Schwab was supported by the National Security Agency.\n\nPublished - 01381407.pdf
", "abstract": "We show that the nanoresonator position can be squeezed significantly below the ground state level by measuring the nanoresonator with a quantum point contact or a single-electron transistor and applying a periodic voltage across the detector. The mechanism of squeezing is basically a generalization of quantum nondemolition measurement of an oscillator to the case of continuous measurement by a weakly coupled detector. The quantum feedback is necessary to prevent the \"heating\" due to measurement back-action. We also discuss a procedure of experimental verification of the squeezed state.", "date": "2005-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "IEEE Transactions On Nanotechnology", "volume": "4", "number": "1", "publisher": "IEEE", "pagerange": "132-140", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-092421535", "issn": "1536-125X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-092421535", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "DAAD 19-01-1-0491" }, { "agency": "Advanced Research and Development Activity" } ] }, "doi": "10.1109/TNANO.2004.840171", "primary_object": { "basename": "01381407.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n471f-fn566/files/01381407.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Ruskov, Rusko; Schwab, Keith; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rzrfp-mnz33", "eprint_id": 67238, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:42:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:59:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Florez-S-H", "name": { "family": "Florez", "given": "S. H." } }, { "id": "Dreyer-M", "name": { "family": "Dreyer", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Gomez-R-D", "name": { "family": "Gomez", "given": "R. D." } } ] }, "title": "Magnetoresistive effects in planar NiFe nanoconstrictions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Institute of Physics. \n\nPresented on 6 January 2004. Published online 25 May 2004. \n\nThis work was supported by NSF ECS Grant No.9984797.\n\nPublished - 1.1682831.pdf
", "abstract": "This study focuses on domain wall resistance in Ni_(80) Fe_(20) nanowires containing narrow constrictions down to 15 nm in width. Distinct differences in the magnetoresistance curves were found to depend on the constriction size. Wider constrictions are dominated by the overall anisotropic magnetoresistance of the structure, while constrictions narrower than \u223c40 nm exhibit an additional distinct contribution from a domain wall. The effect is negative and typically varies from 1% to 5%.", "date": "2004-06-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Applied Physics", "volume": "95", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "Art. No. 6720", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-073700431", "issn": "0021-8979", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-073700431", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ECS-9984797" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1682831", "primary_object": { "basename": "1.1682831.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rzrfp-mnz33/files/1.1682831.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Florez, S. H.; Dreyer, M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t28s4-xyx85", "eprint_id": 15767, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:24:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:14:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "LaHaye-M-D", "name": { "family": "LaHaye", "given": "M. D." } }, { "id": "Buu-O", "name": { "family": "Buu", "given": "O." } }, { "id": "Camarota-B", "name": { "family": "Camarota", "given": "B." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Approaching the Quantum Limit of a Nanomechanical Resonator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Association for the Advancement of Science. \n\n8 December 2003; accepted 12 February 2004. \n\nWe would like to acknowledge very helpful conversations with C. Sanchez, M. Blencowe, A. Armour, M. Roukes, K. Jacobs, S. Habib, A. Korotkov, A. Buonanno, and K. Ekinci. This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Defense. \n\nSupporting Online Material: www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5667/74/DC1; Materials and Methods; Fig. S1\n\nSupplemental Material - 1.pdf
", "abstract": "By coupling a single-electron transistor to a high\u2013quality factor, 19.7-megahertz nanomechanical resonator, we demonstrate position detection approaching that set by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle limit. At millikelvin temperatures, position resolution a factor of 4.3 above the quantum limit is achieved and demonstrates the near-ideal performance of the single-electron transistor as a linear amplifier. We have observed the resonator's thermal motion at temperatures as low as 56 millikelvin, with quantum occupation factors of N_(TH) = 58. The implications of this experiment reach from the ultimate limits of force microscopy to qubit readout for quantum information devices.", "date": "2004-04-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "304", "number": "5667", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "74-77", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252590", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252590", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Defense" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.1094419", "primary_object": { "basename": "1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t28s4-xyx85/files/1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "LaHaye, M. D.; Buu, O.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x9dch-m0226", "eprint_id": 15768, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:32:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:14:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hutchinson-A-B", "name": { "family": "Hutchinson", "given": "A. B." } }, { "id": "Truitt-P-A", "name": { "family": "Truitt", "given": "P. A." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Sekaric-L", "name": { "family": "Sekaric", "given": "L." } }, { "id": "Parpia-J-M", "name": { "family": "Parpia", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Craighead-H-G", "name": { "family": "Craighead", "given": "H. G." } }, { "id": "Butler-J-E", "name": { "family": "Butler", "given": "J. E." } } ] }, "title": "Dissipation in nanocrystalline-diamond nanomechanical resonators", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "diamond; nanostructured materials; micromechanical resonators; cooling", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 29 September 2003; accepted 9 December 2003. \n\nThe authors thank Olivier Buu, Art Vandelay, Elinor Irish, and Hidehiro Yoshida for fruitful discussions. This work was funded by the National Security Agency, DARPA/MTO, and the National Science Foundation.\n\nPublished - HutchinsonApplPhysLett_84_972.pdf
", "abstract": "We have measured the dissipation and frequency of nanocrystalline-diamond nanomechanical resonators with resonant frequencies between 13.7 MHz and 157.3 MHz, over a temperature range of 1.4\u2013274 K. Using both magnetomotive network analysis and a time-domain ring-down technique, we have found the dissipation in this material to have a temperature dependence roughly following T^(0.2), with Q^(\u20131) \u2248 10^(\u20134) at low temperatures. The frequency dependence of a large dissipation feature at ~35\u201355 K is consistent with thermal activation over a 0.02 eV barrier with an attempt frequency of 10 GHz.", "date": "2004-02-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "84", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "972-974", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252757", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252757", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1646213", "primary_object": { "basename": "HutchinsonApplPhysLett_84_972.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x9dch-m0226/files/HutchinsonApplPhysLett_84_972.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Hutchinson, A. B.; Truitt, P. A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a49ca-p2r74", "eprint_id": 67261, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:39:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:00:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hopkins-A", "name": { "family": "Hopkins", "given": "Asa" } }, { "id": "Jacobs-K", "name": { "family": "Jacobs", "given": "Kurt" } }, { "id": "Habib-S", "name": { "family": "Habib", "given": "Salman" } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Feedback cooling of a nanomechanical resonator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2003 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 25 February 2003; revised manuscript received 2 July 2003; published 24 December 2003. \n\nThe authors would like to thank Miles Blencowe, Alexander Korotkov, Daniel Steck, Howard Wiseman, Bernard Yerke, and Yong Zhang for helpful conversations and suggestions. Figure 1 is reprinted courtesy of Los Alamos Science. This research was supported in part by the Department of Energy, under Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36.\n\nPublished - PhysRevB.68.235328.pdf
Submitted - 0302529v1.pdf
", "abstract": "Cooled, low-loss nanomechanical resonators offer the prospect of directly observing the quantum dynamics of mesoscopic systems. However, the present state of the art requires cooling down to the milliKelvin regime in order to observe quantum effects. Here we present an active feedback strategy based on continuous observation of the resonator position for the purpose of obtaining these low temperatures. In addition, we apply this to an experimentally realizable configuration, where the position monitoring is carried out by a single-electron transistor. Our estimates indicate that with current technology this technique is likely to bring the required low temperatures within reach.", "date": "2003-12-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review B", "volume": "68", "number": "23", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 235328", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-125641059", "issn": "1098-0121", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-125641059", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "W-7405-ENG-36" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.68.235328", "primary_object": { "basename": "0302529v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a49ca-p2r74/files/0302529v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevB.68.235328.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a49ca-p2r74/files/PhysRevB.68.235328.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Hopkins, Asa; Jacobs, Kurt; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4sda8-wej08", "eprint_id": 67250, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:23:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:59:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Irish-E-K", "name": { "family": "Irish", "given": "E. K." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Quantum measurement of a coupled nanomechanical resonator\u2013Cooper-pair box system", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2003 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 14 January 2003; revised manuscript received 18 June 2003; published 15 October 2003. \n\nWe would like to acknowledge helpful conversations with Miles Blencowe, Andrew Armour, Nicholas Bigelow, Michael Wulf, Ivar Martin, Carlos Sanchez, Xuedong Hu, Sankar Das Sarma, Andrew Skinner, and Arthur Vandelay. This work was supported by the National Security Agency. E.K.I. acknowledges support from the National Physical Sciences Consortium.\n\nPublished - PhysRevB.68.155311.pdf
Submitted - 0301252.pdf
", "abstract": "We show two effects as a result of considering the second-order correction to the spectrum of a nanomechanical resonator electrostatically coupled to a Cooper-pair box. The spectrum of the Cooper-pair box is modified in a way which depends on the Fock state of the resonator. Similarly, the frequency of the resonator becomes dependent upon the state of the Cooper-pair box. We consider whether these frequency shifts could be utilized to prepare the nanomechanical resonator in a Fock state, to perform a quantum non-demolition measurement of the resonator Fock state, and to distinguish the phase states of the Cooper-pair box.", "date": "2003-10-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review B", "volume": "68", "number": "15", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 155311", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-090223960", "issn": "0163-1829", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-090223960", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "National Physical Science Consortium (NPSC)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.68.155311", "primary_object": { "basename": "0301252.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4sda8-wej08/files/0301252.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevB.68.155311.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4sda8-wej08/files/PhysRevB.68.155311.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Irish, E. K. and Schwab, K." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/axwap-bkc38", "eprint_id": 5311, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:32:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 19:09:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Fon-Warren", "name": { "family": "Fon", "given": "W." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5447-2324" }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Worlock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Worlock", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "M. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" } ] }, "title": "Phonon scattering mechanisms in suspended nanostructures from 4 to 40 K", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2002 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 12 February 2002; published 9 July 2002 \n\nWe gratefully acknowledge support from the NSF under Grant No. DMR-9705411 and from DARPA/MTO/MEMS under Grant No. DABT63-98-1-0012.\n\nPublished - FONprb02.pdf
", "abstract": "We have developed specially designed semiconductor devices for the measurement of thermal conductance in suspended nanostructures. By means of a novel subtractive comparison, we are able to deduce the phonon thermal conductance of individual nanoscale beams of different geometry and dopant profiles. The separate roles of important phonon scattering mechanisms are analyzed and a quantitative estimation of their respective scattering rates is obtained using the Callaway model. Diffuse surface scattering proves to be particularly important in the temperature range from 4 to 40 K. The rates of other scattering mechanisms, arising from phonon-phonon, phonon-electron, and phonon-point defect interactions, also appear to be significantly higher in nanostructures than in bulk samples.", "date": "2002-07-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review B", "volume": "66", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 045302", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:FONprb02", "issn": "0163-1829", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:FONprb02", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-9705411" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "DABT63-98-1-0012" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.66.045302", "primary_object": { "basename": "FONprb02.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/axwap-bkc38/files/FONprb02.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Fon, W.; Schwab, K. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zdqhf-zn325", "eprint_id": 15769, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:15:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:14:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Armour-A-D", "name": { "family": "Armour", "given": "A. D." } }, { "id": "Blencowe-M-P", "name": { "family": "Blencowe", "given": "M. P." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Mechanical Lamb-shift analogue for the Cooper-pair box", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Cooper-pair box; Micromechanical systems", "note": "Copyright \u00a9 2002 Elsevier. \n\nAvailable online 29 January 2002. \n\nThis work was supported in part by the NSA and ARDA under ARO Contract No. DAAG190110696, and by the EPSRC under Grant No. GR/M42909/01.\n\nSubmitted - 0109207v1.pdf
", "abstract": "We estimate the correction to the Cooper-pair box energy level splitting due to the quantum motion of a coupled micromechanical gate electrode. While the correction due to zero-point motion is very small, it should be possible to observe thermal motion-induced corrections to the photon-assisted tunneling current.", "date": "2002-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physica B", "volume": "316-31", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "406-407", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252955", "issn": "0921-4526", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092252955", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "Advanced Research and Development Activity" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "DAAG190110696" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "grant_number": "GR/M42909/01" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0921-4526(02)00527-6", "primary_object": { "basename": "0109207v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zdqhf-zn325/files/0109207v1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Armour, A. D.; Blencowe, M. P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d5tg8-cc243", "eprint_id": 15770, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:19:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 17:14:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Armour-A-D", "name": { "family": "Armour", "given": "A. D." } }, { "id": "Blencowe-M-P", "name": { "family": "Blencowe", "given": "M. P." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Entanglement and Decoherence of a Micromechanical Resonator via Coupling to a Cooper-Pair Box", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2002 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 12 January 2002; published 20 March 2002. \n\nWe thank R. Lifshitz and A. MacKinnon for useful discussions.\nThis work was supported in part by the National Security Agency (NSA), the Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA), the Army Research Office (ARO), and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).\n\nPublished - ArmourPhysRevLett.88.148301.pdf
Submitted - 0112403.pdf
", "abstract": "We analyze the quantum dynamics of a micromechanical resonator capacitively coupled to a Cooper-pair box. With appropriate quantum state control of the Cooper box, the resonator can be driven into a superposition of spatially separated states. The Cooper box can also be used to probe the decay of the resonator superposition state due to environmental decoherence.", "date": "2002-04-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "88", "number": "14", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 148301", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092253127", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090911-092253127", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "Advanced Research and Development Activity" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.148301", "primary_object": { "basename": "0112403.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d5tg8-cc243/files/0112403.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "ArmourPhysRevLett.88.148301.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d5tg8-cc243/files/ArmourPhysRevLett.88.148301.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Armour, A. D.; Blencowe, M. P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8jn39-kvr89", "eprint_id": 67236, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:06:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:59:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" } ] }, "title": "Spring constant and damping constant tuning of nanomechanical resonators using a single-electron transistor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2002 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 28 September 2001; accepted for publication 11 December 2001. \n\nThis work is supported by the National Security Agency and ARDA. I would like to acknowledge very helpful conversations with M. L. Roukes, Matt LaHaye, Miles Blencowe, Andrew Armour, and the participants at the QUEST workshop hosted by Los Alamos National Laboratory.\n\nPublished - 1.1449533.pdf
", "abstract": "By fabricating a single-electron transistor onto a mechanical system in a high magnetic field, it is shown that one can manipulate both the mechanical spring constant and damping constant by adjusting a potential of a nearby gate electrode. The spring constant effect is shown to be usable to control the resonant frequency of silicon-based nanomechanical resonators, while an additional damping constant effect is relevant for the resonators built upon carbon nanotube or similar molecular-sized materials. This could prove to be a very convenient scheme to actively control the response of nanomechanical systems for a variety of applications including radio-frequency signal processing, ultrasensitive force detection, and fundamental physics explorations.", "date": "2002-02-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "80", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "Art. No. 1276", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-072210121", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-072210121", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "Advanced Research and Development Activity" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1449533", "primary_object": { "basename": "1.1449533.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8jn39-kvr89/files/1.1449533.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Schwab, K." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/604ja-p1p11", "eprint_id": 67239, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:54:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:59:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Arlett-J-L", "name": { "family": "Arlett", "given": "J. L." } }, { "id": "Worlock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Worlock", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "M. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" } ] }, "title": "Thermal conductance through discrete quantum channels", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Quantized thermal conductance; Phonons; Nanostructures; Mesoscopics", "note": "\u00a9 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. \n\nAvailable online 13 December 2000. \n\nWe thank M.C. Cross, R. Lifshitz, G. Kirczenow, and M. Blencowe, N. Wingreen, M. Lilly, and P. Burke for discussions, suggestions, and insights, and N. Bruckner for assisting in the growth of the low-stress silicon nitride at the University of California, Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory. We thank M.B. Ketchen and members of the IBM Yorktown superconductivity group for advice, assistance, and the DC SQUID devices employed in our cryogenic electronics. One of us, J.A., would like to acknowledge the support of NSERC. Finally, we gratefully acknowledge the support from DARPA MTO/MEMS and NSF/DMR that enabled this work.", "abstract": "We have observed a quantized limiting value of the thermal conductance for each propagating phonon channel in a one-dimensional (1D), ballistic phonon waveguide: g_0=\u03c0^2k_B^2T/3h. To achieve this we have developed nanostructures with full three-dimensional relief that incorporate integral thermometers and heaters. These devices are comprised of an isolated thermal reservoir (phonon cavity) suspended above the sample substrate by four narrow insulating beams (phonon waveguides) with lateral dimensions \u223c100 nm. We employ DC SQUID noise thermometry to measure the temperature of the phonon cavity non-perturbatively. Direct electrical contact from the suspended nanostructure to the room-temperature environment, crucial for these experiments, is attained by means of a very significant level of electrical filtering. These first experiments provide access to the mesoscopic regime for phonons, and open intriguing future possibilities for exploring thermal transport in very small systems. We are currently adapting and improving the ultrasensitive, extremely low dissipation DC SQUID techniques utilized in this work toward the ultimate goal of detecting individual thermal phonons.", "date": "2001-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physica E", "volume": "9", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "60-68", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-074636767", "issn": "1386-9477", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-074636767", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S1386-9477(00)00178-8", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Schwab, K.; Arlett, J. L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vvkxz-1gk58", "eprint_id": 67243, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:11:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:59:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Fon-Warren", "name": { "family": "Fon", "given": "W." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5447-2324" }, { "id": "Henriksen-E-A", "name": { "family": "Henriksen", "given": "E." } }, { "id": "Worlock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Worlock", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "M. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" } ] }, "title": "Quantized thermal conductance: measurements in nanostructures", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Mesoscopic transport; Nanostructures; Quantized thermal conductance", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. \n\nAvailable online 5 April 2000. \n\nThis work is supported by the NSF through grant DMR-9705411 and DARPA ETO/MEMS through grant DABT 63-98-1-0012.", "abstract": "We are performing experiments to probe directly the thermal conductance of suspended nanostructures with lateral dimensions \u2248100 nm. It has been recently predicted that at low temperatures, thermal conductance in such a structure approaches a universal value of \u03c0^2k_B^2T/3h for each massless, ballistic phonon channel, independent of material characteristics. We have developed ultra-sensitive, low dissipation DC-SQUID-based noise thermometry, and extreme isolation from the electronic environment in order to perform this measurement at temperatures below 70 mK.", "date": "2000-05-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physica B", "volume": "280", "number": "1-4", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "458-459", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-075515663", "issn": "0921-4526", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-075515663", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-9705411" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "DABT 63-98-1-0012" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0921-4526(99)01835-9", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Schwab, K.; Fon, W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9y5f8-k6g26", "eprint_id": 56209, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:41:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:09:48", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Henriksen-E-A", "name": { "family": "Henriksen", "given": "E. A." } }, { "id": "Worlock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Worlock", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Roukes-M-L", "name": { "family": "Roukes", "given": "M. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026" } ] }, "title": "Measurement of the quantum of thermal conductance", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Macmillan Magazines Ltd. Received 17 November 1999; Accepted 14 March 2000.\n\nWe thank M. C. Cross, R. Lifshitz, G. Kirczenow, M. Blencowe, N.Wingreen and P. Burke for discussions, suggestions and insights, and N. Bruckner for assistance with silicon nitride growth. We thank M. B. Ketchen and members of the IBM Yorktown superconductivity group for advice, assistance and the d.c. SQUID devices employed in our cryogenic electronics. This work was supported by DARPA MTO/MEMS and NSF/DMR.", "abstract": "The physics of mesoscopic electronic systems has been explored for more than 15 years. Mesoscopic phenomena in transport processes occur when the wavelength or the coherence length of the carriers becomes comparable to, or larger than, the sample dimensions. One striking result in this domain is the quantization of electrical conduction, observed in a quasi-one-dimensional constriction formed between reservoirs of two-dimensional electron gas. The conductance of this system is determined by the number of participating quantum states or 'channels' within the constriction; in the ideal case, each spin-degenerate channel contributes a quantized unit of 2e^2/h to the electrical conductance. It has been speculated that similar behaviour should be observable for thermal transport in mesoscopic phonon systems. But experiments attempted in this regime have so far yielded inconclusive results. Here we report the observation of a quantized limiting value for the thermal conductance, G_(th), in suspended insulating nanostructures at very low temperatures. The behaviour we observe is consistent with predictions for phonon transport in a ballistic, one-dimensional channel: at low temperatures, G_(th) approaches a maximum value of g_0 = \u03c0^2k^2BT/3h, the universal quantum of thermal conductance.", "date": "2000-04-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "404", "number": "6781", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "974-977", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150330-095451760", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150330-095451760", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/35010065", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Schwab, K.; Henriksen, E. A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w4nme-z0s28", "eprint_id": 67260, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 02:33:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:00:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Bruckner-N", "name": { "family": "Bruckner", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Packard-R", "name": { "family": "Packard", "given": "Richard" } } ] }, "title": "The Superfluid ^4He Analog of the RF SQUID", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1998 Plenum Publishing Corporation. \n\nReceived July 3, 1997; revised October 29, 1997. \n\nWe would like to acknowledge: the many helpful conversations with S. Backhaus, S. Davis, S. Vitale, and R. Dolesi; A. Amar, J. Steinhauer, and Yu. Mukharsky for significant contributions on earlier experiments; A. Loshak for microfabricating the aperture used in the device reported in the main section of this paper; Marc Hadley of the Berkeley Sensors and Actuators Group for his helpful fabrication advice. Finally, we would like to thank the referees who's suggestions substantially improved this manuscript. This work has been partially supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.", "abstract": "We describe the theory, design, fabrication, and performance of a super fluid ^4He device which is the analog of the superconducting RF SQUID. This device is a sensitive rotation detector and is used to sense the rotation of the Earth. We also describe the experimental developments and observations which lead to the construction of this successful device.", "date": "1998-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Low Temperature Physics", "volume": "110", "number": "5", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "1043-1104", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-124647298", "issn": "0022-2291", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-124647298", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1023/A:1022364200234", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Schwab, K.; Bruckner, N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wxmex-j2260", "eprint_id": 28542, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 02:26:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 17:58:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Bruckner-N", "name": { "family": "Bruckner", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Packard-R", "name": { "family": "Packard", "given": "R." } } ] }, "title": "Detection of absolute rotation using superfluid ^4He", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "superfluid helium-4, angular measurement, gyroscopes, general relativity", "note": "\u00a9 1998 American Institute of Physics. \n\nThis work is supported by the Office of Naval Research\nand the National Science Foundation.\nThis article was published in English in the original journal.\n\nPublished - SCHWltp98.pdf
", "abstract": "We have developed the superfluid analog of the superconducting rf SQUID. Such a device is a quantum mechanically based, absolute gyroscope and has been used to sense the rotation of the Earth. Our device is fabricated using silicon processing techniques and forms a planer sensing loop of superfluid helium which couples to the applied rotation. A much more sensitive superfluid gyroscope based on the principle's demonstrated with this device, might ultimately be used to detect the precession of our local inertial frame with respect to the fixed stars by the gravitomagnetic field of the rotating Earth. We compare the superfluid gyroscope against two other experiments aimed at detecting this general relativistic effect.", "date": "1998-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Low Temperature Physics", "volume": "24", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "102-104", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20111220-134626966", "issn": "1063-777X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111220-134626966", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.593549", "primary_object": { "basename": "SCHWltp98.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wxmex-j2260/files/SCHWltp98.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Schwab, K.; Bruckner, N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hp0s7-xbh73", "eprint_id": 67265, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:59:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:01:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Backhaus-S", "name": { "family": "Backhaus", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Loshak-A", "name": { "family": "Loshak", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Pereverzev-S-V", "name": { "family": "Pereverzev", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Bruckner-N", "name": { "family": "Bruckner", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Davis-J-C", "name": { "family": "Davis", "given": "J. C." } }, { "id": "Packard-R-E", "name": { "family": "Packard", "given": "R. E." } } ] }, "title": "Thermoviscous effects in steady and oscillating flow of superfluid ^4He: Experiments", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1997 Plenum Publishing Corporation. \n\nReceived April 16, 1997; revised July 9, 1997. \n\nOne of the authors (S.B.) would like to thank Ekaterina Backhaus for\nassistance with parts of the computer code used in this work. This work\nwas sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, NSF, and NASA. The\nexperimental work on the AAO was sponsored in part by ONR contract\nnumber N00014-94-1008.", "abstract": "The correct interpretation of superfluid flow experiments relies on the knowledge of thermal and viscous effects that can cause deviations from ideal behavior. The previous paper presented a theoretical study of dissipative and reactive(nondissipative) thermoviscous effects in both steady and oscillating flow of an isotropic superfluid through small apertures and channels. Here, a detailed comparison is made between the theory and a wide array of experimental data. First, the calculated resistance to steady superflow is compared with measurements taken in a constant pressure-head flow cell. Second, the resonant frequency and Q of three different helmholtz oscillators are compared with predictions based on the calculated frequency response. The resonant frequency and Q are extracted numerically from the frequency response, and analytical results are given in experimentally important limits. Finally, the measured and calculated frequency response are compared at a temperature where the Helmholtz oscillator differs significantly from a simple harmonic oscillator. This difference is used to explain how the thermal properties of the oscillator affect its response. The quantitative agreement between the theory and experiment provide an excellent check of the previously derived equations. Also, the limiting expressions shown in this paper provide simple analytical expressions for calculating the effects of the various physical phenomena in a particular experimental situation.", "date": "1997-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Low Temperature Physics", "volume": "109", "number": "3-4", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "527-546", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-151326888", "issn": "0022-2291", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160523-151326888", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-94-1008" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/BF02396910", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Backhaus, S.; Schwab, K.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0twtw-j1e47", "eprint_id": 67704, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:15:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:36:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Bruckner-N", "name": { "family": "Bruckner", "given": "Niels" } }, { "id": "Packard-R-E", "name": { "family": "Packard", "given": "Richard E." } } ] }, "title": "Detection of the Earth's rotation using superfluid phase coherence", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1997 Nature Publishing Group. \n\nReceived 12 December 1996; accepted 10 March 1997. \n\nWe thank A. Amar, J.C. Davis, Yu. Mukharsky and J. Steinhauer for help with earlier versions of this experiment; A. Loshak for help with fabrication of the silicon device; S. Vitale, E. Varoquaux, O. Avenel and S. Backhaus for conversations; and R. Orr for preparing Fig. 1. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the Office of Naval Research, and the National Science Foundation.", "abstract": "It has long been recognized that the macroscopic quantum properties of superfluid helium could form the basis of a technique for measuring the state of absolute rotation of the containment vessel: circulation of superfluid helium is quantized, so providing a reference state of zero rotation with respect to inertial space. Here we provide experimental proof of this concept by detecting the rotation of the Earth using the spatial phase coherence of superfluid ^4He, thus providing independent corroboration of an earlier report that demonstrated the feasibility of making such a measurement. Our superfluid container is constructed on a centimetre-size silicon wafer, and has an essentially toroidal geometry but with the flow path interrupted by partition incorporating a sub-micrometre aperture. Rotation of the container induces a measurable flow velocity through the aperture in order to maintain coherence in the quantum phase of the super-fluid. Using this device, we determine the Earth's rotation rate to a precision of 0.5% with a measurement time of one hour, and argue that improvements in sensitivity of several orders of magnitude should be feasible.", "date": "1997-04-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "386", "number": "6625", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "585-587", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160606-160028066", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160606-160028066", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/386585a0", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Schwab, Keith; Bruckner, Niels; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4zvba-t3g04", "eprint_id": 67703, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:14:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:36:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Steinhauer-J", "name": { "family": "Steinhauer", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Packard-R", "name": { "family": "Packard", "given": "Richard" } } ] }, "title": "Phase-slip memory effects in dissipation-free superflow", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1997 American Physical Society. \n\n(Received 3 December 1996) \n\nWe are grateful for the helpful comments and discussions with S. Davis, S. Vitale, and S. Backhaus. This work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.\n\nPublished - PhysRevB.55.8094.pdf
", "abstract": "Critical superflow, preceding a free ringing superfluid oscillation, induces a remnant stochastic uncertainty in the oscillation amplitude. We demonstrate that the distribution function for the oscillation's velocity amplitude reflects both the quantized size of the underlying phase-slip dissipation events, as well as the stochastic nature of the processes which nucleate the slips.", "date": "1997-04-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review B", "volume": "55", "number": "13", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "8094-8097", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160606-155537072", "issn": "0163-1829", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160606-155537072", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.55.8094", "primary_object": { "basename": "PhysRevB.55.8094.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4zvba-t3g04/files/PhysRevB.55.8094.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Schwab, K.; Steinhauer, J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wer83-jqv25", "eprint_id": 67698, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:16:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:36:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwab-K-C", "name": { "family": "Schwab", "given": "Keith" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815" }, { "id": "Steinhauer-J", "name": { "family": "Steinhauer", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Davis-J-C", "name": { "family": "Davis", "given": "J. C." } }, { "id": "Packard-R-E", "name": { "family": "Packard", "given": "Richard E." } } ] }, "title": "Fabrication of a silicon-based superfluid oscillator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1996 IEEE. \n\nManuscript received August 22, 1995; revised May 16, 1996. Subject Editor, S. D. Senturia. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation. \n\nThe authors would like to acknowledge the many helpful discussions with Y. Muhkarsky, S. Backhaus, and A. Rimberg. They would also like to acknowledge the technical assistance from the Berkeley Sensors and Actuators Group and the staff of the Berkeley Microlab, especially D. Hebert and D. Hebert.\n\nPublished - 00536624.pdf
", "abstract": "We have constructed an integrated superfluid oscillator using various silicon processing techniques, including micromachining and electron beam lithography. This device has the advantage of a very small internal volume (0.72 mm^3). This makes it insensitive to spurious external acoustic noise which has limited the performance of larger experiments. We have tested the performance of this device in two configurations, one with a single micro-aperture and another with an additional fine tube. Both configurations demonstrate macroscopic quantum phenomena in superfluid ^4He at low temperatures (0.25 K < T <2.2 K) and have been used to study these effects in detail.", "date": "1996-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems", "volume": "5", "number": "3", "publisher": "IEEE", "pagerange": "180-186", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160606-154551314", "issn": "1057-7157", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160606-154551314", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1109/84.536624", "primary_object": { "basename": "00536624.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wer83-jqv25/files/00536624.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Schwab, Keith; Steinhauer, J.; et el." } ]