[
    {
        "id": "authors:mt36p-a7e52",
        "collection": "authors",
        "collection_id": "mt36p-a7e52",
        "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160929-131829928",
        "type": "book_section",
        "title": "The thermal stratification of the extratropical troposphere",
        "book_title": "The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere",
        "author": [
            {
                "family_name": "Schneider",
                "given_name": "Tapio",
                "orcid": "0000-0001-5687-2287",
                "clpid": "Schneider-T"
            }
        ],
        "contributor": [
            {
                "family_name": "Schneider",
                "given_name": "Tapio",
                "clpid": "Schneider-T"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Sobel",
                "given_name": "Adam H.",
                "clpid": "Sobel-A-H"
            }
        ],
        "abstract": "This chapter discusses the dynamical mechanisms responsible for the maintenance and variability of the extratropical thermal stratification and tropopause in the zonal mean. Figure 3.1 shows the zonal-mean temperature lapse rate of Earth's atmosphere for boreal winter and summer. The zonal-mean lapse rate in the free troposphere is relatively uniform (about 6.5 K km^(\u22121) ) and varies only weakly with season \u2014 observations that motivated the assumption of a fixed thermal stratification in quasigeostrophic theory. Regions of smaller lapse rate (statically more stable stratification) are seen near the surface in the subtropics and in high latitudes, particularly in winter. At the tropopause, the lapse rate decreases, in many regions to zero or less, marking the transition from the troposphere to the more stably stratified stratosphere.",
        "isbn": "9780691121819",
        "publisher": "Princeton University Press",
        "place_of_publication": "Princeton, NJ",
        "publication_date": "2007",
        "pages": "47-77"
    },
    {
        "id": "authors:ytxf2-70d69",
        "collection": "authors",
        "collection_id": "ytxf2-70d69",
        "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160929-131248880",
        "type": "book",
        "title": "The Global Circulation of the Atmosphere",
        "editor": [
            {
                "family_name": "Schneider",
                "given_name": "Tapio",
                "clpid": "Schneider-T"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Sobel",
                "given_name": "Adam H.",
                "clpid": "Sobel-A-H"
            }
        ],
        "contributor": [
            {
                "family_name": "Schneider",
                "given_name": "Tapio",
                "clpid": "Schneider-T"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Sobel",
                "given_name": "Adam H.",
                "clpid": "Sobel-A-H"
            }
        ],
        "abstract": "Despite major advances in the observation and numerical simulation of the atmosphere, basic features of the Earth's climate remain poorly understood. Integrating the available data and computational resources to improve our understanding of the global circulation of the atmosphere remains a challenge. Theory must play a critical role in meeting this challenge. This book provides an authoritative summary of the state of the art on this front.\n\nBringing together sixteen of the field's leading experts to address those aspects of the global circulation of the atmosphere most relevant to climate, the book brings the reader up to date on the key frontiers in general circulation theory-including the nonlinear and turbulent global-scale dynamics that determine fundamental aspects of the Earth's climate. While emphasizing theory, as expressed through relatively simple mathematical models, it also draws connections to simulations with comprehensive general circulation models. Topics include the dynamics of storm tracks, interactions between wave dynamics and the hydrological cycle, monsoons, tropical and extratropical dynamics and interactions, and the processes controlling atmospheric humidity.",
        "isbn": "9780691121819",
        "publisher": "Princeton University Press",
        "place_of_publication": "Princeton, NJ",
        "publication_date": "2007"
    }
]