[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8gk9g-7p325", "eprint_id": 3025, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:43:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:02:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "Richard H." } }, { "id": "McAllister-L-B", "name": { "family": "McAllister", "given": "Linda B." } }, { "id": "Crain-W-R-Jr", "name": { "family": "Crain", "given": "William R., Jr." } }, { "id": "Durica-D-S", "name": { "family": "Durica", "given": "David S." } }, { "id": "Posakony-J-W", "name": { "family": "Posakony", "given": "James W." } }, { "id": "Thomas-T-L", "name": { "family": "Thomas", "given": "Terry L." } }, { "id": "Britten-R-J", "name": { "family": "Britten", "given": "Roy J." } }, { "id": "Davidson-E-H", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Eric H." } } ] }, "title": "Organization and expression of multiple actin genes in the sea urchin", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Copyright \u00a9 1981 by the American Society for Microbiology. \n\nReceived 3 March 1981/Accepted 29 April 1981 \n\nWe are grateful to many of our associates and colleagues for assistance, criticism, and insight at many stages in this work. Laurence Lasky carried out some of the initial screening and blot hybridization experiments which drew attention to SpG2 as a clone of interest. David Anderson isolated and mapped several of the actin A isolates and produced preliminary evidence that mRNA's coding for actin protein are selected from embryo poly(A) RNA by SpG2. M. Chamberlin assisted in the completion of some key experiments, and Barbara Hough-Evans provided a most useful critical review of a draft of the manuscript. Special thanks are also due to Norman Davidson and Richard A. Firtel for interesting and perspicacious reviews as well. \n\nThis research was supported by Public Health Service grants GM-20927 (to E.H.D. and R.J.B.) and GM-24620, GM-25492, CA-12708, and RR-05528 (to W.R.C.) from the National Institutes of Health. R.H.S. was supported by Public Health Service postdoctoral training grant GM-07401, and J.W.P. was supported by Public Health Service predoctoral training grant GM-07616, both from the National Institutes of Health. L.B.M. received support from a California Institute of Technology Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. R.J.B. is also a staff member, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. D.S.D. was supported by a fellowship from the Muscular Dystrophy Foundation.\n\n
Published - SCHEmcb81.pdf
", "abstract": "A set of at least 11 actin genes has been isolated from genomic recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid libraries of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Most of the isolates derive from a library which represents the genome of a single animal. There are at least five distinct types of sea urchin actin gene, some of which are represented by multiple copies in the genome. The actin gene types are distinguished by nonhomologous flanking sequences and intervening sequences, though the protein coding sequences appear in most cases to be quite similar. Eight of the 11 genes isolated have been recovered in lambda recombinants that contain two actin genes, linked at 5- to 9-kilobase distances. Restriction map overlaps suggest that the genome contains an array of at least three of these genes spaced over about 30 kilobases of deoxyribonucleic acid. In the linkage patterns observed, actin genes of diverse types were linked to each other. In early embryos, actin messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcripts of 1.8 and 2.2 kilobases were found, and the longer of these transcripts was more prevalent in the maternal RNA of the egg. From RNA gel blot experiments, we conclude that the two transcripts derive from different actin gene types. Different repetitive sequences were located to either side of most of the actin genes, and in most observed cases the repeat sequences which were adjacent to actin genes of a given type were similar. The repeat sequences flanking the actin genes belonged to families which were transcribed, but those repeats in the neighborhood of the actin genes which have been investigated were not themselves represented in the stable RNAs of eggs or early embryos.", "date": "1981-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Molecular and Cellular Biology", "volume": "1", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Society for Microbiology", "pagerange": "609-628", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SCHEmcb81", "issn": "0270-7306", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SCHEmcb81", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "GM-20927" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "GM-24620" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "GM-25492" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "CA-12708" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "RR-05528" }, { "agency": "NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "GM-07401" }, { "agency": "NIH Predoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "GM-07616" }, { "agency": "Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF)" }, { "agency": "Carnegie Institution of Washington" }, { "agency": "Muscular Dystrophy Foundation" } ] }, "pmcid": "PMC369709", "primary_object": { "basename": "SCHEmcb81.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8gk9g-7p325/files/SCHEmcb81.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Scheller, Richard H.; McAllister, Linda B.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/669tp-wr911", "eprint_id": 66200, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:14:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:15:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "Richard H." } }, { "id": "Anderson-D-M", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "David M." } }, { "id": "Posakony-J-W", "name": { "family": "Posakony", "given": "James W." } }, { "id": "McAllister-L-B", "name": { "family": "McAllister", "given": "Linda B." } }, { "id": "Britten-R-J", "name": { "family": "Britten", "given": "Roy J." } }, { "id": "Davidson-E-H", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Eric H." } } ] }, "title": "Repetitive Sequences of the Sea Urchin Genome II. Subfamily Structure and Evolutionary Conservation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1981 Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd. \n\nReceived 13 October 1980. \n\nWe thank Drs Norman Davidson and Tom Maniatis for their helpful reviews of the manuscript. This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM-20927. Two of us (R.H.S. and J.W.P.) were supported by an NIH predoctoral training grant (GM-07616). Another author (D.M.A.) was supported by an NIH postdoctoral fellowship (HD-05510). One of us (L.B.M..) was supported by a California Institute of Technology Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, funded from the Prize Fund and Samuel Krown Donation.", "abstract": "Members of three repetitive sequence families were isolated from recombinant \u03bb-genome libraries, and were used to investigate sequence relationships within these families. Studies presented elsewhere show that members of all three repeat sequence families are transcribed tissue-specifically. The thermal stability of intrafamilial heteroduplexes was measured, and the extent of colinearity between related sequences was determined by restriction mapping, heteroduplex visualization, gel blot hybridization, and direct sequencing. One large and very divergent family, named 2108, was shown to consist of an assemblage of many small repeat sequence subfamilies. Each subfamily includes <40 members which are not contiguous in the genome but are very closely related colinear sequence elements several thousand nucleotides in length. The different 2108 subfamilies share only small sequence subelements, which in each subfamily occur in a different linear order and are surrounded by different sequences. A second divergent family consisting of short repetitive sequences, the 2109 family, includes many small internally homologous subfamilies as well. A third family, 2034, displays little internal sequence divergence and no apparent subfamily structure. The repeat sequence subfamilies may be biologically significant units of repetition. Thus specific 2108 subfamilies were shown to be evolutionary conserved to a remarkable degree. Highly homologous 2108 sequences were found shared among sea urchin species which diverged almost 200 million years ago, although only about 10% of the single copy DNA sequences of these species are now homologous enough to crossreact.", "date": "1981-06-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Molecular Biology", "volume": "149", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "15-39", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160415-074134645", "issn": "0022-2836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160415-074134645", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH Predoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "GM-07616" }, { "agency": "NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "HD-05510" }, { "agency": "Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0022-2836(81)90258-8", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Scheller, Richard H.; Anderson, David M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h6bj6-w7z68", "eprint_id": 66102, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:14:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Posakony-J-W", "name": { "family": "Posakony", "given": "J. W." } }, { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "R. H." } }, { "id": "Anderson-D-M", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "D. M." } }, { "id": "Britten-R-J", "name": { "family": "Britten", "given": "R. J." } }, { "id": "Davidson-E-H", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "E. H." } } ] }, "title": "Repetitive Sequences of the Sea Urchin Genome III. Nucleotide Sequences of Cloned Repeat Elements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1981 Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd. \n\nReceived:) January 1981. \n\nWe thank Dr Norman Davidson for his helpful and critical review of this manuscript, and Dr James Bonner for the use of his computer. We acknowledge the technical assistance of Mr Robert Gimlich. This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM-20927. Two authors (J.W.P. and R.H.S.) were supported by a National Institutes of Health National Research Service award (GM-07616), and one author (D.M.A.) was supported by a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellowship (HD-05510).", "abstract": "The nucleotide sequences of eight randomly selected, cloned, repetitive sequence elements were determined. No homologies exist among the eight sequences that are sufficient to promote cross-reaction between them under standard conditions of measurement. Thus, each sequence is representative of a different repeat sequence family. Statistically significant but short (8 to 41 nucleotides) internal direct and inverse repetitions occupy a minor fraction of the sequence length in five of the eight repeat sequences. None contains internal reverse repeats sufficiently long to permit inclusion in the \"foldback\" DNA fraction. The general lack of internal sequence homology means that the sequence complexity of the eight clones is approximately equal to the length of the cloned inserts. Nucleotide sequences of three different members of one particular short interspersed repeat sequence family are also reported. Comparison of these sequences reveals that both the number and order of internal sequence subelements differ among family members. The results show that both fine-scale rearrangement and sequence divergence have occurred during the evolution of this repeat family.", "date": "1981-06-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Molecular Biology", "volume": "149", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "41-67", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160413-091052014", "issn": "0022-2836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160413-091052014", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "GM-20927" }, { "agency": "NIH Predoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "GM-07616" }, { "agency": "NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "HD-05510" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0022-2836(81)90259-X", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Posakony, J. W.; Scheller, R. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ezt1w-1sk14", "eprint_id": 66203, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:55:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:15:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Anderson-D-M", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "David M." } }, { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "Richard H." } }, { "id": "Posakony-J-W", "name": { "family": "Posakony", "given": "James W." } }, { "id": "McAllister-L-B", "name": { "family": "McAllister", "given": "Linda B." } }, { "id": "Trabert-S-G", "name": { "family": "Trabert", "given": "Steven G." } }, { "id": "Beall-C", "name": { "family": "Beall", "given": "Clifford" } }, { "id": "Britten-R-J", "name": { "family": "Britten", "given": "Roy J." } }, { "id": "Davidson-E-H", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Eric H." } } ] }, "title": "Repetitive Sequences of the Sea Urchin Genome Distribution of Members of Specific Repetitive Families", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1981 Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd. \n\nReceived 28 May 1980, and in revised form 30 August 1980. \n\nWe thank Dr Elliot Meyerowitz for his helpful and critical review of this manuscript. This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant GM-20927. One author (D. M. A.) was supported by a National Institutes of Health postdoctoral fellowship (HD-05510), two authors (R. H. S. and J. W. P.) were supported by a National Institutes of Health National Research Service award (GM-07616), and one author (L. B. M.) was supported by a California Institute of Technology summer undergraduate research fellowship.", "abstract": "Three repetitive sequence families from the sea urchin genome were studied, each defined by homology with a specific cloned probe one to a few hundred nucleotides long. Recombinant \u03bb-sea urchin DNA libraries were screened with these probes, and individual recombinants were selected that include genomic members of these families. Restriction mapping, gel blot, and kinetic analyses were carried out to determine the organization of each repeat family. Sequence elements belonging to the first of the three repeat families were found to be embedded in longer repeat sequences. These repeat sequences frequently occur in small clusters. Members of the second repeat family are also found in a long repetitive sequence environment, but these repeats usually occur singly in any given region of the DNA. The sequences of the third repeat are only 200 to 300 nucleotides long, and are generally terminated by single copy DNA, though a few examples were found associated with other repeats. These three repeat sequence families constitute sets of homologous sequence elements that relate distant regions of the DNA.", "date": "1981-01-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Molecular Biology", "volume": "145", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "5-28", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160415-075415327", "issn": "0022-2836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160415-075415327", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "GM-20927" }, { "agency": "NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "HD-05510" }, { "agency": "NIH Predoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "GM-07616" }, { "agency": "Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0022-2836(81)90332-6", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Anderson, David M.; Scheller, Richard H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/taj6g-t0a80", "eprint_id": 66176, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:39:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:13:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Moore-G-P", "name": { "family": "Moore", "given": "Gordon P." } }, { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "Richard H." } }, { "id": "Davidson-E-H", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Eric H." } }, { "id": "Britten-R-J", "name": { "family": "Britten", "given": "Roy J." } } ] }, "title": "Evolutionary change in the repetition frequency of sea urchin DNA sequences", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1978 MIT. \n\nReceived May 1, 1978; revised June 24, 1978. \n\nThe knowledge before publication of the measurements of P. Dunsmuir, P. Bingham and M. Meselson with Drosophila species was helpful in recognizing the generality and significance of frequency change. Unpublished measurements made by Dr. Robert C. Angerer of the conservation of repetitive DNA sequences in these sea urchins were also valuable. We acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Linda Vock and Richard Rohan. This work has been supported by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. G. P. M. is the recipient of a fellowship from the American Cancer Society. R. H. S. is a predoctoral fellow on an NIH training grant. \n\nThe costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked \"advertisement\" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.", "abstract": "The frequency of occurrence of particular repetitive sequence families has been estimated in the DNA of the three sea urchin species Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and Lytechinus pictus using individual cloned S. purpuratus repetitive sequence elements. Cloned repetitive sequence elements as described by Scheller et al. (1977a) were prepared by reassociation of S. purpuratus DNA fragments to repetitive Cot, digestion with single-strand-specific nuclease S1 and ligation of synthetic restriction sites to their ends. The sequences were cloned by insertion at the Eco RI site of plasmid RSF2124, labeled, strand-separated and reassociated with 800\u2013900 nucleotide long unlabeled DNA. Both kinetic (genomic DNA excess) and saturation (cloned DNA excess) estimates of frequencies were made. For nine cloned fragments, the ratio of the repetition frequency in S. purpuratus DNA to that in S. franciscanus DNA ranges from about 20 to about 1. In the four cases examined, only a few copies were detected in the DNA of L. pictus. Estimates have also been made of frequency changes in many repetitive families by measuring the reassociation of labeled repetitive DNA fractions of each species with total DNA from other species. In each reciprocal comparison, the labeled repetitive sequences reassociate more slowly with DNA of other species than with DNA of the species from which they were prepared. Thus it appears that the dominant repetitive sequence families in the DNA of each species are present at lower frequencies in the DNA of closely related species. Measurements of thermal stability have been made of S. purpuratus cloned repetitive sequences reassociated with S. franciscanus DNA or S. purpuratus DNA. Most families have changed both in frequency and sequence, although some have changed little in sequence but show great changes in frequency.", "date": "1978-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Cell", "volume": "15", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "649-660", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160414-125227868", "issn": "0092-8674", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160414-125227868", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Institute of General Medical Sciences" }, { "agency": "American Cancer Society" }, { "agency": "NIH Predoctoral Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0092-8674(78)90033-8", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1978", "author_list": "Moore, Gordon P.; Scheller, Richard H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yerzz-qrz77", "eprint_id": 66178, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:36:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:14:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Costantini-F-D", "name": { "family": "Costantini", "given": "Franklin D." } }, { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "Richard H." } }, { "id": "Britten-R-J", "name": { "family": "Britten", "given": "Roy J." } }, { "id": "Davidson-E-H", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Eric H." } } ] }, "title": "Repetitive sequence transcripts in the mature sea urchin oocyte", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1978 MIT. \n\nReceived April 13, 1978; revised June 8, 1978. \n\nThis research was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development). F.D.C. and R.H.S. were supported by NIH training grants to the Division of Biology and the Division of Chemistry. \n\nThe costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked \"advertisement\" in accordance with 18 U.S.C.\nSection 1734 solely to indicate this fact.", "abstract": "The expression of interspersed repetitive sequences in the RNA of mature sea urchin oocytes was investigated. ^3H-DNA tracers representing short interspersed repetitive sequences a few hundred nucleotides long, and long repetitive sequences approximately 2000 nucleotides long, were prepared from genomic DNA of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. These tracers were reacted with excess RNA from the mature oocyte. About 80% of the reactable short repeat tracer and 35% of the long repeat tracer hybridized. Thus most of the repetitive sequence families in the short repeat tracer are represented in oocyte RNA, and transcripts complementary to both strands of many repeat sequences are present. The kinetics of the reaction show that some transcripts are highly prevalent (>10^5 copies per oocyte), while others are rare (\u223c10^3 copies per oocyte). Nine cloned repetitive sequences were labeled, strand-separated and reacted with the oocyte RNA. Transcripts of both strands of all nine repeats were found in the RNA. The prevalence of transcripts of the cloned repeat families varied from \u223c3000 to 100,000 copies per oocyte. Studies with both cloned and genomic tracers show that transcript prevalence is independent of the genomic reiteration frequency of the transcribed repetitive sequences. Most of the families represented by prevalent transcripts have fewer than 200 copies per haploid genome. The RNA molecules with which the cloned repeats react are at least 1000\u20132000 nucleotides in length. Other experiments show that a majority of the members of repeat families represented by prevalent transcripts in the oocyte RNA are interspersed among single-copy sequence elements in the genome.", "date": "1978-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Cell", "volume": "15", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "173-187", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160414-135917880", "issn": "0092-8674", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160414-135917880", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)" }, { "agency": "NIH Predoctoral Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0092-8674(78)90093-4", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1978", "author_list": "Costantini, Franklin D.; Scheller, Richard H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bbnr2-4t104", "eprint_id": 66177, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:36:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:13:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "Richard H." } }, { "id": "Costantini-F-D", "name": { "family": "Costantini", "given": "Franklin D." } }, { "id": "Kozlowski-M-R", "name": { "family": "Kozlowski", "given": "Michael R." } }, { "id": "Britten-R-J", "name": { "family": "Britten", "given": "Roy J." } }, { "id": "Davidson-E-H", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Eric H." } } ] }, "title": "Specific representation of cloned repetitive DNA sequences in sea urchin RNAs", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1978 MIT. \n\nReceived April 13, 1978; revised June 8, 1978. \n\nWe wish to acknowledge the expert assistance of Mr. Clifford Beall. This research was supported by a grant from the NSF. R.H.S. and F.D.C. were supported by NIH training grants to the Division of Chemistry and to the Division of Biology. The P2 facilities used in this work were equipped with the aid of funds from a Biomedical Research Support Grant. \n\nThe costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked \"advertisement\" in accordance with 18 U.S .C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.", "abstract": "Nine cloned repetitive sequences were labeled, strand-separated and individually hybridized with RNA extracted from the nuclei of gastrula stage sea urchin embryos and of adult sea urchin intestine cells. The concentration of transcripts complementary to each cloned sequence was measured by RNA excess hybridization kinetics and by a DNA excess titration method. Transcripts of certain of the repeat families are present at over 100 times the concentration of transcripts of other families in each RNA. The set of repetitive sequence families highly represented in intestine nuclear RNA is different from that highly represented in gastrula nuclear RNA. Together with the results obtained with mature oocyte RNA and presented in the accompanying paper by Costantini et al. (1978), these findings show that quantitative patterns of repetitive sequence representation in RNA are specific to each cell type. Both strands of all of the nine cloned repeats are represented at some level in all the RNAs studied. Usually, though not always, the concentrations of transcripts complementary to the two strands of each repeat do not differ by more than a factor of two. The cloned tracers do not react with polysomal messenger RNA, and the nuclear RNA molecules with which they hybridize are many times larger than the repetitive sequences themselves.", "date": "1978-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Cell", "volume": "15", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "189-203", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160414-134909791", "issn": "0092-8674", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160414-134909791", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "NIH Predoctoral Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0092-8674(78)90094-6", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1978", "author_list": "Scheller, Richard H.; Costantini, Franklin D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d7bap-py672", "eprint_id": 66180, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:32:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:14:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Klein-W-H", "name": { "family": "Klein", "given": "William H." } }, { "id": "Thomas-T-L", "name": { "family": "Thomas", "given": "Terry L." } }, { "id": "Lai-Cary", "name": { "family": "Lai", "given": "Cary" } }, { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "Richard H." } }, { "id": "Britten-R-J", "name": { "family": "Britten", "given": "Roy J." } }, { "id": "Davidson-E-H", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Eric H." } } ] }, "title": "Characteristics of individual repetitive sequence families in the sea urchin genome studied with cloned repeats", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1978 MIT. \n\nReceived February 28, 1978; revised May 1, 1978. \n\nThis research was supported by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. W.H.K. is the recipient of a Lievre Fellowship from the American Cancer Society, California Division, and T.L.T. is the recipient of an NIH postdoctoral fellowship. R.H.S. is a predoctoral fellow on an NIH training grant. The P2 facilities used in this work were equipped with the aid of funds from a Biomedical Research Support Grant. \n\nThe costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked \"advertisement\" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.", "abstract": "Cloned repetitive sequences from the S. purpuratus genome a few hundred to approximately 1000 nucleotides long were used to investigate the characteristics of individual repetitive sequence families. They were terminally labeled by the kinase procedure and reacted with sheared S. purpuratus DNA. Repetition frequencies were measured for 26 individual families and were found to vary from a few to several thousand copies per genome. Estimates of sequence divergence were made for 18 cloned repeat families by measuring thermal stability of the heteroduplexes formed between the genomic DNA and the cloned fragments, compared with that of the renatured cloned fragments. The difference was <4\u00b0C for three of the 18 families, and <10\u00b0C for 13 of the 18 families. These 13 repetitive sequence families lack any detectable highly divergent sequence relatives, and the results reported are shown not to change when the renaturation criterion is lowered below 55\u00b0C in 0.18 M Na^+. Five of the 18 cloned families displayed greater sequence divergence. The average sequence divergence of the total short repetitive sequence fraction of S. purpuratus DNA was found to match closely the average of the divergences of the cloned repeat sequences.", "date": "1978-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Cell", "volume": "14", "number": "4", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "889-900", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160414-141708874", "issn": "0092-8674", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160414-141708874", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Institute of General Medical Sciences" }, { "agency": "American Cancer Society, California Division", "grant_number": "Lievre Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NIH Postdoctoral Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NIH Predoctoral Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0092-8674(78)90344-6", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1978", "author_list": "Klein, William H.; Thomas, Terry L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/j0bjd-df694", "eprint_id": 58713, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:35:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:38:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "Richard H." } }, { "id": "Dickerson-R-E", "name": { "family": "Dickerson", "given": "Richard E." } }, { "id": "Boyer-H-W", "name": { "family": "Boyer", "given": "Herbert W." } }, { "id": "Riggs-A-D", "name": { "family": "Riggs", "given": "Arthur D." } }, { "id": "Itakura-Keiichi", "name": { "family": "Itakura", "given": "Keiichi" } } ] }, "title": "Chemical synthesis of restriction enzyme recognition sites useful for cloning", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1977 American Association for the Advancement of Science.\n\nReceived 4 February 1977.\n\nWe thank J. Rosenberg and W. Gilbert for their stimulating contributions to the development of the linker concept. We also thank A. S. Lee, H. Heyneker, and J. Shine for help in demonstrating some of the enzyme reactions discussed in this\nreport; and L. Shively for technical help. Supported by NIH grants GM-12121 and HD-04420, NSF grants PCM75-05886 and GB-26517, and an NIH predoctoral traineeship to R.H.S. This is\ncontribution No. 5457 from the Norman W. Church Laboratory of Chemical Biology, California Institute of Technology.", "abstract": "By a triester chemical synthesis method, three decameric DNA's have been made; these act as substrates for several restriction endonucleases, including Eco RI, Bam I, and Hind III. These homogenous decamers form duplexes that can be efficiently blunt-end ligated to themselves or to other DNA molecules by the action of T4 DNA ligase and thus are useful tools for molecular cloning experiments.", "date": "1977-04-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "196", "number": "4286", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "177-180", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-151634552", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-151634552", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "GM-12121" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD-04420" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PCM75-05886" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "GB-26517" }, { "agency": "NIH" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "5457", "name": "Caltech Norman W. Church Laboratory of Chemical Biology" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.847463", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1977", "author_list": "Scheller, Richard H.; Dickerson, Richard E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/32m1q-05b54", "eprint_id": 58710, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:35:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:38:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Scheller-R-H", "name": { "family": "Scheller", "given": "Richard H." } }, { "id": "Thomas-T-L", "name": { "family": "Thomas", "given": "Terry L." } }, { "id": "Lee-A-S", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Amy S." } }, { "id": "Klein-W-H", "name": { "family": "Klein", "given": "William H." } }, { "id": "Niles-W-D", "name": { "family": "Niles", "given": "Walter D." } }, { "id": "Britten-R-J", "name": { "family": "Britten", "given": "Roy J." } }, { "id": "Davidson-E-H", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Eric H." } } ] }, "title": "Clones of individual repetitive sequences from sea urchin DNA constructed with synthetic Eco RI sites", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1977 American Association for the Advancement of Science.\n\n\nReceived 7 February 1977.\n\nT4 polynucleotide kinase, T4 DNA ligase, and Eco RI endonuclease were gifts of P. Green, H. Heyneker, and H. Boyer. Supported by NIH grants HD-05753 and GM-20927 and by NSF grant BMS 75-07359. R.H.S. is supported by an NIH predoctoral training grant; T.L.T. by an NIH postdoctoral fellowship; A.S.L. by fellowship J-289 and W.H.K. by Lievre fellowship J-340, both from the American Cancer Society,\nCalifornia Division.", "abstract": "Interspersed repetitive sequences were isolated from sea urchin DNA by renaturing to low C_0t followed by treatment with nuclease SI. Synthetic Eco RI sites were ligated onto the repetitive sequence elements, which were then inserted at the Eco RI site of plasmid RSF2124 and cloned. The repetitive sequences can be excised from the plasmid with Eco RI for further study.", "date": "1977-04-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "196", "number": "4286", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "197-200", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-123440728", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-123440728", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD-05753" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "GM-20927" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "BMS 75-07359" }, { "agency": "NIH" }, { "agency": "American Cancer Society" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.847467", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1977", "author_list": "Scheller, Richard H.; Thomas, Terry L.; et el." } ]