[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8jgav-6a059", "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2024-01-31 19:32:39", "lastmod": "2024-01-31 19:32:39", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lewis-Laura", "name": { "family": "Lewis", "given": "Laura" } }, { "id": "Huang-Hsin-Yuan", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Hsin-Yuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5317-2613" }, { "id": "Tran-Viet-T", "name": { "family": "Tran", "given": "Viet T." } }, { "id": "Lehner-Sebastian", "name": { "family": "Lehner", "given": "Sebastian" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7562-8172" }, { "id": "Kueng-Richard", "name": { "family": "Kueng", "given": "Richard" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8291-648X" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Improved machine learning algorithm for predicting ground state properties", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Physics and Astronomy; General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; General Chemistry; Multidisciplinary", "note": "
© The Author(s) 2024. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
\n\nThe authors thank Chi-Fang Chen, Sitan Chen, Johannes Jakob Meyer, and Spiros Michalakis for valuable input and inspiring discussions. We thank Emilio Onorati, Cambyse Rouzé, Daniel Stilck França, and James D. Watson for sharing a draft of their new results on efficiently predicting properties of states in thermal phases of matter with exponential decay of correlation and in quantum phases of matter with local topological quantum order82. LL is supported by Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF), Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship, and Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship. HH is supported by a Google PhD fellowship and a MediaTek Research Young Scholarship. JP acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (DE-NA0003525, DE-SC0020290), the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Quantum Systems Accelerator, and the National Science Foundation (PHY-1733907). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center.
\nH.H. and J.P. conceived the project. L.L. and H.H. developed the mathematical aspects of this work. L.L., H.H., S.L., and V.T. conducted the numerical experiments and wrote the open-source code. L.L., H.H., R.K., and J.P. wrote the paper.
\n\nSource data are available for this paper. All data can be found or generated using the source code at https://github.com/lllewis234/improved-ml-algorithm83.
\n\nSource code for an efficient implementation of the proposed procedure is available at https://github.com/lllewis234/improved-ml-algorithm83.
\n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.
\nFinding the ground state of a quantum many-body system is a fundamental problem in quantum physics. In this work, we give a classical machine learning (ML) algorithm for predicting ground state properties with an inductive bias encoding geometric locality. The proposed ML model can efficiently predict ground state properties of an n-qubit gapped local Hamiltonian after learning from only \ud835\udcaa(log\u2061(n)) data about other Hamiltonians in the same quantum phase of matter. This improves substantially upon previous results that require \ud835\udcaa(n\u1d9c) data for a large constant c. Furthermore, the training and prediction time of the proposed ML model scale as \ud835\udcaa(n log n) in the number of qubits n. Numerical experiments on physical systems with up to 45 qubits confirm the favorable scaling in predicting ground state properties using a small training dataset.
", "date": "2024-01-30", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Communications", "volume": "15", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "895", "issn": "2041-1723", "official_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8jgav-6a059", "funders": { "items": [ { "grant_number": "Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship" }, { "grant_number": "Barry M. Goldwater Scholarship" }, { "grant_number": "Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship" }, {}, {}, { "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "AWS-Center-for-Quantum-Computing" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" }, { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-024-45014-7", "primary_object": { "basename": "s41467-024-45014-7.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8jgav-6a059/files/s41467-024-45014-7.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "41467_2024_45014_MOESM1_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8jgav-6a059/files/41467_2024_45014_MOESM1_ESM.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2024", "author_list": "Lewis, Laura; Huang, Hsin-Yuan; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eekt9-88e13", "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-10-16 16:37:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:37:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Slagle-Kevin", "name": { "family": "Slagle", "given": "Kevin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8036-3447" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Emergent quantum mechanics at the boundary of a local classical lattice model", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2023 American Physical Society.
\n\nWe thank Jacques Pienaar, Scott Aaronson, Xie Chen, Jason Alicea, Monica Kang, and Stefan Prohazka for valuable discussions. K.S. was supported by the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics at Caltech; and the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Quantum Science Center. J.P. acknowledges funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (PHY-1733907), the Simons Foundation It from Qubit Collaboration, the DOE QuantISED program (DE-SC0018407), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-19-1-0360).
", "abstract": "We formulate a model in which quantum mechanics emerges from classical mechanics. Given a local Hamiltonian H acting on n qubits, we define a local classical model with an additional spatial dimension whose boundary dynamics is approximately\u2014but to arbitrary precision\u2014described by Schr\u00f6dinger's equation and H. The bulk consists of a lattice of classical bits that propagate towards the boundary through a circuit of stochastic matrices. The bits reaching the boundary are governed by a probability distribution whose deviation from the uniform distribution can be interpreted as the quantum-mechanical wave function. Bell nonlocality is achieved because information can move through the bulk much faster than the boundary speed of light. We analytically estimate how much the model deviates from quantum mechanics, and we validate these estimates using computer simulations.
", "date": "2023-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "108", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "012217", "issn": "2469-9926", "official_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eekt9-88e13", "funders": { "items": [ { "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, {}, { "grant_number": "DE-SC0018407" }, { "grant_number": "FA9550-19-1-0360" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" }, { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/physreva.108.012217", "primary_object": { "basename": "PhysRevA.108.012217.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eekt9-88e13/files/PhysRevA.108.012217.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Slagle, Kevin and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7m9ph-kpm77", "eprint_id": 121741, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 20:49:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:35:08", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bauer-Christian-W", "name": { "family": "Bauer", "given": "Christian W." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9820-5810" }, { "id": "Davoudi-Zohreh", "name": { "family": "Davoudi", "given": "Zohreh" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7288-2810" }, { "id": "Balantekin-A-Baha", "name": { "family": "Balantekin", "given": "A. Baha" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2999-0111" }, { "id": "Bhattacharya-Tanmoy", "name": { "family": "Bhattacharya", "given": "Tanmoy" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1060-652X" }, { "id": "Carena-Marcela", "name": { "family": "Carena", "given": "Marcela" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0223-5818" }, { "id": "de-Jong-Wibe-A", "name": { "family": "de Jong", "given": "Wibe A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7114-8315" }, { "id": "Draper-Patrick", "name": { "family": "Draper", "given": "Patrick" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7240-3966" }, { "id": "El-Khadra-Aida-X", "name": { "family": "El-Khadra", "given": "Aida" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9105-8213" }, { "id": "Gemelke-Nathan", "name": { "family": "Gemelke", "given": "Nate" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9911-4275" }, { "id": "Hanada-Masanori", "name": { "family": "Hanada", "given": "Masanori" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5174-2571" }, { "id": "Kharzeev-Dmitri", "name": { "family": "Kharzeev", "given": "Dmitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3811-6952" }, { "id": "Lamm-Henry", "name": { "family": "Lamm", "given": "Henry" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3033-0791" }, { "id": "Li-Yingying", "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Ying-Ying" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2580-1974" }, { "id": "Liu-Junyu", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Junyu" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1669-8039" }, { "id": "Lukin-Mikhail-D", "name": { "family": "Lukin", "given": "Mikhail D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8658-1007" }, { "id": "Meurice-Yannick", "name": { "family": "Meurice", "given": "Yannick" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0995-9694" }, { "id": "Monroe-Christopher", "name": { "family": "Monroe", "given": "Christopher" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0551-3713" }, { "id": "Nachman-Benjamin", "name": { "family": "Nachman", "given": "Benjamin" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1024-0932" }, { "id": "Pagano-Guido", "name": { "family": "Pagano", "given": "Guido" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6760-4015" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "Rinaldi-Enrico", "name": { "family": "Rinaldi", "given": "Enrico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4134-809X" }, { "id": "Roggero-Alessandro", "name": { "family": "Roggero", "given": "Alessandro" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8334-1120" }, { "id": "Santiago-David-I", "name": { "family": "Santiago", "given": "David I." } }, { "id": "Savage-Martin-J", "name": { "family": "Savage", "given": "Martin J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6502-7106" }, { "id": "Siddiqi-Irfan", "name": { "family": "Siddiqi", "given": "Irfan" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2200-1090" }, { "id": "Siopsis-George", "name": { "family": "Siopsis", "given": "George" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1466-2772" }, { "id": "van-Zanten-David-M-T", "name": { "family": "Van Zanten", "given": "David" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0059-8455" }, { "id": "Wiebe-Nathan", "name": { "family": "Wiebe", "given": "Nathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7642-1061" }, { "id": "Yamauchi-Yukari", "name": { "family": "Yamauchi", "given": "Yukari" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9469-4060" }, { "id": "Yeter-Aydeniz-K\u00fcbra", "name": { "family": "Yeter-Aydeniz", "given": "K\u00fcbra" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2913-3136" }, { "id": "Zorzetti-Silvia", "name": { "family": "Zorzetti", "given": "Silvia" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3208-3387" } ] }, "title": "Quantum Simulation for High-Energy Physics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Physics and Astronomy; Mathematical Physics; Applied Mathematics; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials; Electrical and Electronic Engineering; General Computer Science", "note": "Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. \n\nWe are grateful to the members of the community who endorsed this document as named in Appendix O, as well as to Mohsen Bagherimehrab, Aniruddha Bapat, Shailesh Chandrasekharan, Lena Funcke, Jad Halimeh, Aram Harrow, Philipp Hauke, Joshua Isaacson, Karl Jansen, Natalie Klco, Michael Kreshchuk, Andreas Kronfeld, Norbert Linke, Vincent Pascuzzi, Indrakshi Raychowdhury, Enrique Rico Ortega, Ananda Roy, Federica Surace, Wei Xue, Erez Zohar, and Martin Zwierlein for valuable feedback on an earlier draft of this Roadmap.\n\nChristian Bauer is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Office of Science under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. In particular, support comes from Quantum Information Science Enabled Discovery (QuantISED) for High Energy Physics (KA2401032).\n\nZohreh Davoudi is supported in part by the U.S. DOE's Office of Science Early Career Award, under award no. DE-SC0020271, the DOE's Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, Quantum Computing Application Teams program, under fieldwork proposal number ERKJ347, and the Accelerated Research in Quantum Computing program under award DE-SC0020312. She also acknowledges support from National Science Foundation Quantum Leap Challenge Institute for Robust Quantum Simulation under Grant No. OMA-2120757.\n\nA. Baha Balantekin is supported in part by the U.S. DOE's Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award No. DE-SC0019465.\n\nTanmoy Bhattacharya is partly supported by the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the U.S. DOE', Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Contract with Triad National Security, LLC, Contract Grant No. 89233218CNA000001 to Los Alamos National Laboratory.\n\nMarcela Carena, Henry Lamm, and Ying-Ying Li are supported by the DOE through the Fermilab QuantiSED program in the area of \"Intersections of QIS and Theoretical Particle Physics.\" Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the United States Department of Energy. Henry Lamm, David Van Zanten, and Silvia Zorzetti are supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center (SQMS) under the Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. Ying-Ying Li is further supported by the National Science Foundation of China through Grant No. 12047502.\n\nWibe A. de Jong was supported by the DOE's Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research Accelerated Research for Quantum Computing Program under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.\n\nPatrick Draper and Aida El-Khadra acknowledge support from the DOE's Office of Science QuantISED program under an award for the Fermilab Theory Consortium \"Intersections of QIS and Theoretical Particle Physics.\" Aida El-Khadra is further supported in part by the Simons Foundation under their Simons Fellows in Theoretical Physics program.\n\nThe work of Masanori Hanada is partly supported by the Royal Society International Exchanges award IEC/R3/213026.\n\nThe work of Dmitri Kharzeev is supported in part by the U.S. DOE's Office of Science Grants No. DE-FG88ER40388 and No. DE-SC0012704, and Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Co-design Center for Quantum Advantage under Contract DE-SC0012704.\n\nJunyu Liu is supported in part by International Business Machines (IBM) Quantum through the Chicago Quantum Exchange, and the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering at the University of Chicago through AFOSR MURI (FA9550-21-1-0209).\n\nYannick Meurice is supported in part by the U.S. DOE's Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics QuantISED program, under award no. DE-SC0019139.\n\nChristopher Monroe is supported by the NSF's STAQ program, under award PHY-1818914 and the DOE's Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, under Award No. DESC0019380.\n\nGuido Pagano acknowledges support by the DOE's Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Award No. DE-SC0021143. He is further supported by the NSF CAREER Award (Award No. PHY-2144910), the Army Research Office (W911NF21P0003), and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-20-1-2695, N00014-22-1-2282).\n\nJohn Preskill is supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, (DE-NA0003525, DE-SC0020290), and Office of High Energy Physics under Awards DE-ACO2-07CH11359 and DE-SC0018407. He also acknowledges funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center under NSF Grant No. PHY-1733907, the Simons Foundation It from Qubit Collaboration, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant No. FA9550-19-1-0360.\n\nThe work of Enrico Rinaldi is partly supported by the Royal Society International Exchanges Award IEC/R3/213026. He is further supported by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) Research.\n\nMartin Savage is supported in part by the U.S. DOE's Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, InQubator for Quantum Simulation (IQuS) under Award No. DE-SC0020970.\n\nGeorge Siopsis acknowledges support by the Army Research Office under Award W911NF-19-1-0397, the National Science Foundation under Award DMS-2012609, and by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Optimization with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices (ONISQ) program under Award No. W911NF-20-2-0051.\n\nK\u00fcbra Yeter-Aydeniz was supported by MITRE Corporation TechHire Program, approved for public release with Case No. 21-03848-2. \n\nA number of the authors of this Roadmap have a financial interest in the field of quantum computing and quantum simulation: Nate Gemelke is the Chief Technology Officer of QuEra Computing Inc., Junyu Liu is a scientific advisor for qBraid Corporation, Mikhail Lukin is the co-founder of QuEra Computing Inc., Christopher Monroe is co-founder and chief scientist at IonQ Inc., John Preskill is an Amazon Scholar affiliated with the Amazon Web Services Center for Quantum Computing, and K\u00fcbra Yeter-Aydeniz is the Lead Quantum Algorithms Specialist at the MITRE Corporation.\n\nPublished - PRXQuantum.4.027001.pdf
", "abstract": "It is for the first time that quantum simulation for high-energy physics (HEP) is studied in the U.S. decadal particle-physics community planning, and in fact until recently, this was not considered a mainstream topic in the community. This fact speaks of a remarkable rate of growth of this subfield over the past few years, stimulated by the impressive advancements in quantum information sciences (QIS) and associated technologies over the past decade, and the significant investment in this area by the government and private sectors in the U.S. and other countries. High-energy physicists have quickly identified problems of importance to our understanding of nature at the most fundamental level, from tiniest distances to cosmological extents, that are intractable with classical computers but may benefit from quantum advantage. They have initiated, and continue to carry out, a vigorous program in theory, algorithm, and hardware co-design for simulations of relevance to the HEP mission. This Roadmap is an attempt to bring this exciting and yet challenging area of research to the spotlight, and to elaborate on what the promises, requirements, challenges, and potential solutions are over the next decade and beyond.", "date": "2023-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "PRX Quantum", "volume": "4", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 027001", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230605-335313000.44", "issn": "2691-3399", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230605-335313000.44", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "KA2401032" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020271" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "ERKJ347" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020312" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "OMA-2120757" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0019465" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "89233218CNA000001" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC02-05CH11231" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC02-07CH11359" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "12047502" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Royal Society International Exchanges", "grant_number": "IEC/R3/213026" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG88ER40388" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0012704" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-21-1-0209" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0019139" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1818914" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DESC0019380" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0021143" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-2144910" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office", "grant_number": "W911NF21P0003" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-20-1-2695" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-22-1-2282" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0018407" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-19-1-0360" }, { "agency": "NTT Research" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020970" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-19-1-0397" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMS-2012609" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "W911NF-20-2-0051" }, { "agency": "MITRE Corporation", "grant_number": "21-03848-2" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/prxquantum.4.027001", "primary_object": { "basename": "PRXQuantum.4.027001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7m9ph-kpm77/files/PRXQuantum.4.027001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Bauer, Christian W.; Davoudi, Zohreh; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vvrrt-yf504", "eprint_id": 122075, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 20:38:52", "lastmod": "2023-12-21 23:37:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lee-Seunghoon", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Seunghoon" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3665-587X" }, { "id": "Lee-Joonho", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Joonho" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9667-1081" }, { "id": "Zhai-Huanchen", "name": { "family": "Zhai", "given": "Huanchen" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0086-0388" }, { "id": "Tong-Yu", "name": { "family": "Tong", "given": "Yu" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7555-9373" }, { "id": "Dalzell-Alexander-M", "name": { "family": "Dalzell", "given": "Alexander M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3756-8500" }, { "id": "Kumar-Ashutosh", "name": { "family": "Kumar", "given": "Ashutosh" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7589-6030" }, { "id": "Helms-Phillip", "name": { "family": "Helms", "given": "Phillip" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6064-3193" }, { "id": "Gray-Johnnie", "name": { "family": "Gray", "given": "Johnnie" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9461-3024" }, { "id": "Cui-Zhi-Hao", "name": { "family": "Cui", "given": "Zhi-Hao" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7389-4063" }, { "id": "Liu-Wenyuan", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Wenyuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2003-8589" }, { "id": "Kastoryano-Michael-J", "name": { "family": "Kastoryano", "given": "Michael" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5233-7957" }, { "id": "Babbush-Ryan", "name": { "family": "Babbush", "given": "Ryan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6979-9533" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "Reichman-David-R", "name": { "family": "Reichman", "given": "David R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5265-5637" }, { "id": "Campbell-Earl-T", "name": { "family": "Campbell", "given": "Earl T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3903-2734" }, { "id": "Valeev-Edward-F", "name": { "family": "Valeev", "given": "Edward F." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9923-6256" }, { "id": "Lin-Lin", "name": { "family": "Lin", "given": "Lin" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6860-9566" }, { "id": "Chan-Garnet-K-L", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Garnet Kin-Lic" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8009-6038" } ] }, "title": "Evaluating the evidence for exponential quantum advantage in ground-state quantum chemistry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Physics and Astronomy; General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; General Chemistry; Multidisciplinary", "note": "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. \n\nWork by S.L., H.Z., and G.K.C. was funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, via Award DE-SC0019374. Work by P.H. was funded by the Simons Collaboration on the Many-Electron Problem, and support from the Simons Investigator Award to G.K.C. Work by J.G. was funded by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, via Award no. DOE-SC0018140. Work by Z.C. was funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, via Award DE-SC0019390. Work by W.Y.L. was funded by the US National Science Foundation, via Award no. CHE-2102505. Work by J.P. was funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, via Awards DE-NA0003525, DE-SC0020290, and by the National Science Foundation via Award PHY-1733907. Work by Y.T. was funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science via Award DE-SC0017867. Work by L.L. was funded by the National Science Foundation via Award OMA-2016245, and by the Simons Investigator Award. Research by A.K. and E.V. was funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, via Award DE-SC0019374, and the associated software development efforts were supported by the US National Science Foundation via Award OAC-1550456. Some of the discussions and collaboration for this project occurred while using facilities at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY-1748958. R.B. thanks members of the Google Quantum AI team for helpful feedback on earlier drafts. \n\nContributions. S.L., J.L., H.Z., M.K., E.T.C., and G.K.C. conceived the original study. S.L., J.L., H.Z., A.K., P.H., J.G., Z.H.C., and W.L. carried out numerical calculations to support the study. S.L., Y.T., A.M.D., L.L., and G.K.C. carried out theoretical analysis to support the study. All authors S.L., J.L., H.Z., Y.T., A.M.D., A.K., P.H., J.G., Z.H.C., W.L., M.K., R.B., J.P., D.R.R., E.T.C., E.F.V., L.L., and G.K.C. discussed the results of the manuscript, and all authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript. \n\nData availability. The FCI/DMRG data for state preparation in Fe-S clusters of nitrogenase are available in Supplementary Notes 3.1, 3.2 and 4.1\u20134.6. The ASP data are available in Supplementary Notes 3.3, 5.1, and 5.2. The CC data are available in Supplementary Notes 6.1 and 6.2 The PEPS DMRG/VMC data are available in Supplementary Notes 7.1\u20137.3. \n\nCode availability. Source codes are available from the authors on request. \n\nCompeting interests. G.K.C. is a part owner of QSimulate Inc. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.\n\nPublished - 41467_2023_Article_37587.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41467_2023_37587_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
", "abstract": "Due to intense interest in the potential applications of quantum computing, it is critical to understand the basis for potential exponential quantum advantage in quantum chemistry. Here we gather the evidence for this case in the most common task in quantum chemistry, namely, ground-state energy estimation, for generic chemical problems where heuristic quantum state preparation might be assumed to be efficient. The availability of exponential quantum advantage then centers on whether features of the physical problem that enable efficient heuristic quantum state preparation also enable efficient solution by classical heuristics. Through numerical studies of quantum state preparation and empirical complexity analysis (including the error scaling) of classical heuristics, in both ab initio and model Hamiltonian settings, we conclude that evidence for such an exponential advantage across chemical space has yet to be found. While quantum computers may still prove useful for ground-state quantum chemistry through polynomial speedups, it may be prudent to assume exponential speedups are not generically available for this problem.", "date": "2023-04-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Communications", "volume": "14", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "1952", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230630-524987000.10", "issn": "2041-1723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230630-524987000.10", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0019374" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0018140" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0019390" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-2102505" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0017867" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "OMA-2016245" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "OAC-1550456" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1748958" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-37587-6", "pmcid": "PMC10082187", "primary_object": { "basename": "41467_2023_Article_37587.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vvrrt-yf504/files/41467_2023_Article_37587.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "41467_2023_37587_MOESM1_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vvrrt-yf504/files/41467_2023_37587_MOESM1_ESM.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Lee, Seunghoon; Lee, Joonho; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fv0tt-s9x63", "eprint_id": 120214, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 18:55:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:18:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kim-Isaac-H", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Isaac H." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Complementarity and the unitarity of the black hole S-matrix", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Nuclear and High Energy Physics", "note": "\u00a9 2023 The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. \n\nArticle funded by SCOAP3. \n\nWe thank Chris Akers and Daniel Harlow for valuable discussions. JP acknowledges funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NSF Grant PHY-1733907), the Simons Foundation It from Qubit Collaboration, the DOE QuantISED program (DE-SC0018407), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-19-1-0360).\n\nPublished - JHEP02_2023_233.pdf
", "abstract": "Recently, Akers et al. proposed a non-isometric holographic map from the interior of a black hole to its exterior. Within this model, we study properties of the black hole S-matrix, which are in principle accessible to observers who stay outside the black hole. Specifically, we investigate a scenario in which an infalling agent interacts with radiation both outside and inside the black hole. Because the holographic map involves postselection, the unitarity of the S-matrix is not guaranteed in this scenario, but we find that unitarity is satisfied to very high precision if suitable conditions are met. If the internal black hole dynamics is described by a pseudorandom unitary transformation, and if the operations performed by the infaller have computational complexity scaling polynomially with the black hole entropy, then the S-matrix is unitary up to corrections that are superpolynomially small in the black hole entropy. Furthermore, while in principle quantum computation assisted by postselection can be very powerful, we find under similar assumptions that the S-matrix of an evaporating black hole has polynomial computational complexity.", "date": "2023-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of High Energy Physics", "volume": "2023", "number": "2", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "Art. No. 233", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230321-821105700.17", "issn": "1029-8479", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230321-821105700.17", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "SCOAP3" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0018407" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-19-1-0360" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/jhep02(2023)233", "primary_object": { "basename": "JHEP02_2023_233.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fv0tt-s9x63/files/JHEP02_2023_233.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Kim, Isaac H. and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/30w4k-j9r86", "eprint_id": 119561, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 18:37:11", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:35:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Elben-Andreas", "name": { "family": "Elben", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1444-6356" }, { "id": "Flammia-Steven-T", "name": { "family": "Flammia", "given": "Steven T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3975-0226" }, { "id": "Huang-Hsin-Yuan-Robert", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Hsin-Yuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5317-2613" }, { "id": "Kueng-Richard-J", "name": { "family": "Kueng", "given": "Richard" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8291-648X" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "Vermersch-Beno\u00eet", "name": { "family": "Vermersch", "given": "Beno\u00eet" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6781-2079" }, { "id": "Zoller-Peter", "name": { "family": "Zoller", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4014-1505" } ] }, "title": "The randomized measurement toolbox", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Physics and Astronomy", "note": "\u00a9 2023 Nature Publishing Group. \n\nA.E. acknowledges funding by the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina under grant no. LPDS 2021-02 and by the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics at Caltech. J.P. acknowledges funding from the US Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (DE-NA0003525, DE-SC0020290), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) (PHY-1733907). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center. B.V. acknowledges funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR-20-CE47-0005, JCJC project QRand) and from the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF, P 32597 N). P.Z. acknowledges support by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) via IOE grant no. FA9550-19-1-7044 LASCEM, by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 817482 (PASQuanS), and by the Simons Collaboration on Ultra-Quantum Matter, which is a grant from the Simons Foundation (651440). \n\nThe authors contributed equally to all aspects of the article. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.", "abstract": "Programmable quantum simulators and quantum computers are opening unprecedented opportunities for exploring and exploiting the properties of highly entangled complex quantum systems. The complexity of large quantum systems is the source of computational power but also makes them difficult to control precisely or characterize accurately using measured classical data. We review protocols for probing the properties of complex many-qubit systems using measurement schemes that are practical using today's quantum platforms. In these protocols, a quantum state is repeatedly prepared and measured in a randomly chosen basis; then a classical computer processes the measurement outcomes to estimate the desired property. The randomization of the measurement procedure has distinct advantages. For example, a single data set can be used multiple times to pursue a variety of applications, and imperfections in the measurements are mapped to a simplified noise model that can more easily be mitigated. We discuss a range of cases that have already been realized in quantum devices, including Hamiltonian simulation tasks, probes of quantum chaos, measurements of non-local order parameters, and comparison of quantum states produced in distantly separated laboratories. By providing a workable method for translating a complex quantum state into a succinct classical representation that preserves a rich variety of relevant physical properties, the randomized measurement toolbox strengthens our ability to grasp and control the quantum world.", "date": "2023-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Reviews Physics", "volume": "5", "number": "1", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "9-24", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230227-88449200.49", "issn": "2522-5820", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230227-88449200.49", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina", "grant_number": "LPDS 2021-02" }, { "agency": "Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Caltech" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)", "grant_number": "ANR-20-CE47-0005" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P 32597 N" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-19-1-7044" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "817482" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation", "grant_number": "651440" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" }, { "id": "AWS-Center-for-Quantum-Computing" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s42254-022-00535-2", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Elben, Andreas; Flammia, Steven T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9mn4q-p0t46", "eprint_id": 118259, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 17:44:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:09:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-Hsin-Yuan-Robert", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Hsin-Yuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5317-2613" }, { "id": "Kueng-Richard-J", "name": { "family": "Kueng", "given": "Richard" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8291-648X" }, { "id": "Torlai-Giacomo", "name": { "family": "Torlai", "given": "Giacomo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8478-4436" }, { "id": "Albert-Victor-V", "name": { "family": "Albert", "given": "Victor V." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0335-9508" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Provably efficient machine learning for quantum many-body problems", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Multidisciplinary", "note": "The authors thank N. Bar-Gill, J. Carrasquilla, S. Chen, Y. Chen, A. Elben, M. Fishman, M. Fraas, S. Glancy, J. Haah, F. Kueng, J. McClean, S. Michalakis, J. Taylor, Y. Su, and T. Vidick for valuable input and inspiring discussions. H.-Y.H. thanks A. Elben for providing the code on the bond-alternating XXZ model. The numerical simulations were performed on AWS EC2 computing infrastructure using the software packages Itensors (92) and PastaQ (93). V.V.A. thanks O. Albert, H. Kandratsenia and R. Kandratsenia, as well as Ta. Albert and Th. Albert for providing daycare support throughout this work. Contributions to this work by NIST, an agency of the US government, are not subject to US copyright. Any mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement by NIST.\n\nFunding: H.-Y.H. is supported by the J. Yang & Family Foundation and a Google PhD fellowship. V.V.A. acknowledges funding from NSF QLCI award no. OMA-2120757. J.P. acknowledges funding from the US Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (DE-NA0003525 and DE-SC0020290), and the National Science Foundation (PHY-1733907). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center.", "abstract": "Classical machine learning (ML) provides a potentially powerful approach to solving challenging quantum many-body problems in physics and chemistry. However, the advantages of ML over traditional methods have not been firmly established. In this work, we prove that classical ML algorithms can efficiently predict ground-state properties of gapped Hamiltonians after learning from other Hamiltonians in the same quantum phase of matter. By contrast, under a widely accepted conjecture, classical algorithms that do not learn from data cannot achieve the same guarantee. We also prove that classical ML algorithms can efficiently classify a wide range of quantum phases. Extensive numerical experiments corroborate our theoretical results in a variety of scenarios, including Rydberg atom systems, two-dimensional random Heisenberg models, symmetry-protected topological phases, and topologically ordered phases.", "date": "2022-09-23", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "377", "number": "6613", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "Art. No. abk3333", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20221207-387978400.2", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221207-387978400.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "J. Yang Family and Foundation" }, { "agency": "Google PhD Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "OMA-2120757" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "AWS-Center-for-Quantum-Computing" }, { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.abk3333", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Huang, Hsin-Yuan; Kueng, Richard; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bhehc-dps52", "eprint_id": 117555, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 17:44:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:34:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tong-Yu", "name": { "family": "Tong", "given": "Yu" } }, { "id": "Albert-Victor-V", "name": { "family": "Albert", "given": "Victor V." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0335-9508" }, { "id": "McClean-Jarrod-R", "name": { "family": "McClean", "given": "Jarrod R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2809-0509" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "Su-Yuan", "name": { "family": "Su", "given": "Yuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1144-3563" } ] }, "title": "Provably accurate simulation of gauge theories and bosonic systems", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous); Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics", "note": "We thank Kunal Sharma, Mark Wilde, Minh Cong Tran, Junyu Liu, Chi-Fang (Anthony) Chen, Ryan Babbush, Joonho Lee, Di Luo, Nathan Wiebe, Dominic Berry, and Lin Lin for helpful discussions. YT was partly supported by the NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institute (QLCI) program through Grant No. OMA-2016245, and by the Department of Energy under Grant No. FWP-NQISCCAWL. JP was partly supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (DE-NA0003525, DE-SC0020290) and Office of High Energy Physics (DE-ACO2-07CH11359, DE-SC0018407), the Simons Foundation It from Qubit Collaboration, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-19-1-0360), and the National Science Foundation (PHY-1733907). YS was partly supported by the National Science Foundation RAISE-TAQS 1839204. VVA acknowledges support from the NSF Quantum Leap Challenge Institute (QLCI) program through Grant No. OMA-2120757. The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center. Contributions to this work by NIST, an agency of the US government, are not subject to US copyright. Any mention of commercial products does not indicate endorsement by NIST.", "abstract": "Quantum many-body systems involving bosonic modes or gauge fields have infinite-dimensional local Hilbert spaces which must be truncated to perform simulations of real-time dynamics on classical or quantum computers. To analyze the truncation error, we develop methods for bounding the rate of growth of local quantum numbers such as the occupation number of a mode at a lattice site, or the electric field at a lattice link. Our approach applies to various models of bosons interacting with spins or fermions, and also to both abelian and non-abelian gauge theories. We show that if states in these models are truncated by imposing an upper limit \u039b on each local quantum number, and if the initial state has low local quantum numbers, then an error at most \u03f5 can be achieved by choosing \u039b to scale polylogarithmically with \u03f5\u207b\u00b9, an exponential improvement over previous bounds based on energy conservation. For the Hubbard-Holstein model, we numerically compute a bound on \u039b that achieves accuracy \u03f5, obtaining significantly improved estimates in various parameter regimes. We also establish a criterion for truncating the Hamiltonian with a provable guarantee on the accuracy of time evolution. Building on that result, we formulate quantum algorithms for dynamical simulation of lattice gauge theories and of models with bosonic modes; the gate complexity depends almost linearly on spacetime volume in the former case, and almost quadratically on time in the latter case. We establish a lower bound showing that there are systems involving bosons for which this quadratic scaling with time cannot be improved. By applying our result on the truncation error in time evolution, we also prove that spectrally isolated energy eigenstates can be approximated with accuracy \u03f5 by truncating local quantum numbers at \u039b = polylog(\u03f5\u207b\u00b9).", "date": "2022-09-22", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Quantum", "volume": "6", "publisher": "Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften", "pagerange": "Art. No. 816", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20221024-125854800.25", "issn": "2521-327X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221024-125854800.25", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "OMA-2016245" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "FWP-NQISCCAWL" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-ACO2-07CH11359" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0018407" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-19-1-0360" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CCF-1839204" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "OMA-2120757" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.22331/q-2022-09-22-816", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Tong, Yu; Albert, Victor V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wp6wx-eyx42", "eprint_id": 112896, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 07:54:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:20:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-Hsin-Yuan-Robert", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Hsin-Yuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5317-2613" }, { "id": "Broughton-Michael", "name": { "family": "Broughton", "given": "Michael" } }, { "id": "Coller-Jordan-S", "name": { "family": "Cotler", "given": "Jordan" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3161-9677" }, { "id": "Chen-Sitan", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Sitan" } }, { "id": "Li-Jerry", "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Jerry" } }, { "id": "Mohseni-Masoud", "name": { "family": "Mohseni", "given": "Masoud" } }, { "id": "Neven-Hartmut", "name": { "family": "Neven", "given": "Hartmut" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9681-6746" }, { "id": "Babbush-Ryan", "name": { "family": "Babbush", "given": "Ryan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6979-9533" }, { "id": "Kueng-Richard-J", "name": { "family": "Kueng", "given": "Richard" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8291-648X" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "McClean-Jarrod-R", "name": { "family": "McClean", "given": "Jarrod R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2809-0509" } ] }, "title": "Quantum advantage in learning from experiments", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science.\n\nSubmitted 17 December 2021; accepted 14 April 2022.\n\nThe quantum hardware used for this experiment was developed by the Google Quantum AI hardware team, under the direction of A. Megrant, J. Kelly, and Y. Chen. Methods for device calibrations were developed by the physics team led by V. Smelyanskiy. Data were collected via cloud access through Google's Quantum Computing Service. We thank B. Foxen for special support and maintaining the device to the caliber needed to complete the experiments.\nFunding: H.H. is supported by a Google PhD Fellowship. J.C. is supported by a Junior Fellowship from the Harvard Society of Fellows, by the Black Hole Initiative, and in part by the Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0007870. S.C. is supported by the National Science Foundation under Award 2103300 and was visiting the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing while part of this work was completed. J.P. acknowledges funding from the US Department of Energy Office of Science Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research (DE-NA0003525, DE-SC0020290), and the National Science Foundation (PHY-1733907). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center.\nAuthor contributions: H.H., J.C., S.C., J.L., R.K., J.P., and J.M. were involved in conceptualization, planning, and theoretical developments. H.H., M.B., M.M., H.N., R.B., and J.M. contributed to the design and execution of the experiments on the Google processor. All authors were involved in the writing and presentation of the work.\nCompeting interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\nData and materials availability: In addition to the data in the paper and supplemental materials, code related to this experiment is hosted at Github (35). The data needed to reproduce figures are hosted at Zenodo (36). All other data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper or the supplementary materials.\n\nSubmitted - 2112.00778.pdf
Supplemental Material - science.abn7293_sm.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantum technology promises to revolutionize how we learn about the physical world. An experiment that processes quantum data with a quantum computer could have substantial advantages over conventional experiments in which quantum states are measured and outcomes are processed with a classical computer. We proved that quantum machines could learn from exponentially fewer experiments than the number required by conventional experiments. This exponential advantage is shown for predicting properties of physical systems, performing quantum principal component analysis, and learning about physical dynamics. Furthermore, the quantum resources needed for achieving an exponential advantage are quite modest in some cases. Conducting experiments with 40 superconducting qubits and 1300 quantum gates, we demonstrated that a substantial quantum advantage is possible with today's quantum processors.", "date": "2022-06-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "376", "number": "6598", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "1182-1186", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220113-234532429", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220113-234532429", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Google" }, { "agency": "Harvard Society of Fellows" }, { "agency": "Black Hole Initiative" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0007870" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMS-2103300" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "AWS-Center-for-Quantum-Computing" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.abn7293", "primary_object": { "basename": "2112.00778.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wp6wx-eyx42/files/2112.00778.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "science.abn7293_sm.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wp6wx-eyx42/files/science.abn7293_sm.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Huang, Hsin-Yuan; Broughton, Michael; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/008px-xj904", "eprint_id": 109100, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 07:23:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:39:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Milsted-Ashley", "name": { "family": "Milsted", "given": "Ashley" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1498-6654" }, { "id": "Liu-Junyu", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Junyu" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1669-8039" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "Vidal-Guifr\u00e9", "name": { "family": "Vidal", "given": "Guifre" } } ] }, "title": "Collisions of False-Vacuum Bubble Walls in a Quantum Spin Chain", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2022 Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. \n\nReceived 10 March 2021; revised 5 January 2022; accepted 28 March 2022; published 22 April 2022. \n\nWe thank Alex Buser, Marcela Carena, Cliff Cheung, Natalie Klco, Ying-Ying Li, Spiros Michalakis, Nicola Pancotti, Burak \u015eahino\u011flu, Martin Savage, and Eugene Tang for useful discussions and comments. This material is based upon work supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, (Grants No. DE-NA0003525 and No. DE-SC0020290), and the Office of High Energy Physics (Grants No. DE-ACO2-07CH11359 and No. DE-SC0018407). A.M., J.L., and J.P. also acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, a NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NSF Grant No. PHY-1733907), the Simons Foundation It from Qubit Collaboration, and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-19-1-0360). G.V. acknowledges support as a CIFAR Fellow in the Quantum Information Science Program. Sandbox is a team within the Alphabet family of companies, which includes Google, Verily, Waymo, X, and others. Research at Perimeter Institute is supported in part by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Colleges and Universities. Some of the computations presented here were conducted on the Caltech High Performance Cluster, partially supported by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.\n\nPublished - PRXQuantum.3.020316.pdf
Submitted - 2012.07243.pdf
", "abstract": "We simulate, using nonperturbative methods, the real-time dynamics of small bubbles of \"false vacuum\" in a quantum spin chain near criticality, where the low-energy physics is described by a relativistic (1+1)-dimensional quantum field theory. We consider bubbles whose walls are kink and antikink quasiparticle excitations, so that wall collisions are kink-antikink scattering events. To construct these bubbles in the presence of strong correlations, we extend a recently proposed matrix product state (MPS) ansatz for quasiparticle wavepackets. We simulate dynamics within a window of about \n1000\n spins embedded in an infinite chain at energies of up to about \n5\n times the mass gap. By choosing the wavepacket width and the bubble size appropriately, we avoid strong lattice effects and observe relativistic kink-antikink collisions. We use the MPS quasiparticle ansatz to detect scattering outcomes. (i) In the Ising model, with transverse and longitudinal fields, we do not observe particle production despite nonintegrability (supporting recent observations of nonthermalizing states in this model). (ii) Switching on an additional interaction, we see production of confined and unconfined particle pairs. We characterize the amount of entanglement generated as a function of energy and time and conclude that our classical simulation methods will ultimately fail as these increase. We anticipate that kink-antikink scattering in 1+1 dimensions will be an instructive benchmark problem for future quantum computers and analog quantum simulators.", "date": "2022-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "PRX Quantum", "volume": "3", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 020316", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210512-104051553", "issn": "2691-3399", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210512-104051553", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-ACO2-07CH11359" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0018407" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-19-1-0360" }, { "agency": "Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)" }, { "agency": "Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development (Canada)" }, { "agency": "Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "2020-010", "name": "CALT-TH" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" }, { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "AWS-Center-for-Quantum-Computing" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.020316", "primary_object": { "basename": "2012.07243.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/008px-xj904/files/2012.07243.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PRXQuantum.3.020316.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/008px-xj904/files/PRXQuantum.3.020316.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Milsted, Ashley; Liu, Junyu; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m0b5h-7gr74", "eprint_id": 107004, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 06:52:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:16:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chamberland-Christopher", "name": { "family": "Chamberland", "given": "Christopher" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3239-5783" }, { "id": "Noh-Kyungjoo", "name": { "family": "Noh", "given": "Kyungjoo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6318-8472" }, { "id": "Arrangoiz-Arriola-Patricio", "name": { "family": "Arrangoiz-Arriola", "given": "Patricio" } }, { "id": "Campbell-Earl-T", "name": { "family": "Campbell", "given": "Earl T." } }, { "id": "Hann-Connor-T", "name": { "family": "Hann", "given": "Connor T." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0665-7161" }, { "id": "Iverson-Joseph-K", "name": { "family": "Iverson", "given": "Joseph K." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4665-8839" }, { "id": "Putterman-Harald", "name": { "family": "Putterman", "given": "Harald" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5841-181X" }, { "id": "Bohdanowicz-Thomas-C", "name": { "family": "Bohdanowicz", "given": "Thomas C." } }, { "id": "Flammia-Steven-T", "name": { "family": "Flammia", "given": "Steven T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3975-0226" }, { "id": "Keller-Andrew-J", "name": { "family": "Keller", "given": "Andrew J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3030-1149" }, { "id": "Refael-G", "name": { "family": "Refael", "given": "Gil" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "Jiang-Liang", "name": { "family": "Jiang", "given": "Liang" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0000-9342" }, { "id": "Safavi-Naeini-Amir-H", "name": { "family": "Safavi-Naeini", "given": "Amir H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6176-1274" }, { "id": "Painter-O", "name": { "family": "Painter", "given": "Oskar" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1581-9209" }, { "id": "Brand\u00e3o-F-G-S-L", "name": { "family": "Brand\u00e3o", "given": "Fernando G. S. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3866-9378" } ] }, "title": "Building a fault-tolerant quantum computer using concatenated cat codes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. \n\n(Received 21 December 2020; revised 3 November 2021; accepted 26 January 2022; published 23 February 2022) \n\nWe thank Qian Xu for helping with the displaced Fock-basis calculation and Alex Retzker for discussions. C.C. thanks Yunong Shi and Pierre-Yves Aquilanti for their help in setting up the AWS clusters where most of the error-correction simulations were performed. We thank all the members of the AWS Center of Quantum Computing for our collaboration on building more powerful quantum technologies. We thank Richard Moulds, Nadia Carlsten, Eric Kessler, and all the members of the Amazon Braket and Quantum Solutions Lab teams. We thank Simone Severini for creating an environment where this research was possible in the first place. We thank Bill Vass, James Hamilton, and Charlie Bell for their support and guidance throughout this project.\n\nPublished - PRXQuantum.3.010329.pdf
Accepted Version - 2012.04108.pdf
", "abstract": "We present a comprehensive architectural analysis for a proposed fault-tolerant quantum computer based on cat codes concatenated with outer quantum error-correcting codes. For the physical hardware, we propose a system of acoustic resonators coupled to superconducting circuits with a two-dimensional layout. Using estimated physical parameters for the hardware, we perform a detailed error analysis of measurements and gates, including cnot and Toffoli gates. Having built a realistic noise model, we numerically simulate quantum error correction when the outer code is either a repetition code or a thin rectangular surface code. Our next step toward universal fault-tolerant quantum computation is a protocol for fault-tolerant Toffoli magic state preparation that significantly improves upon the fidelity of physical Toffoli gates at very low qubit cost. To achieve even lower overheads, we devise a new magic state distillation protocol for Toffoli states. Combining these results together, we obtain realistic full-resource estimates of the physical error rates and overheads needed to run useful fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. We find that with around 1000 superconducting circuit components, one could construct a fault-tolerant quantum computer that can run circuits, which are currently intractable for classical computers. Hardware with 18\u2009000 superconducting circuit components, in turn, could simulate the Hubbard model in a regime beyond the reach of classical computing.", "date": "2022-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "PRX Quantum", "volume": "3", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 010329", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-172305164", "issn": "2691-3399", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-172305164", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "AWS-Center-for-Quantum-Computing" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PRXQuantum.3.010329", "primary_object": { "basename": "2012.04108.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m0b5h-7gr74/files/2012.04108.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PRXQuantum.3.010329.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m0b5h-7gr74/files/PRXQuantum.3.010329.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Chamberland, Christopher; Noh, Kyungjoo; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/he8qz-9xy32", "eprint_id": 110849, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:02:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:54:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Steven Weinberg (1933\u20132021)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2021 American Association for the Advancement of Science.", "abstract": "Steven Weinberg, widely regarded as the preeminent theoretical particle physicist of his era, passed away on 23 July at age 88. Steve took a pivotal step toward establishing what came to be known as the standard model of the fundamental particles and their interactions, for which he shared the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics with Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam. That contribution was just one highlight in a career studded with major accomplishments. In later years, Steve authored a series of highly influential physics textbooks, as well as eloquent books and essays for the general public expounding on societal and scientific issues. He remained scientifically active up to his final days.", "date": "2021-09-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "373", "number": "6559", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "1092", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210914-191005909", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210914-191005909", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1126/science.abl8187", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/np5h4-gda18", "eprint_id": 109097, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:16:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:39:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-Hsin-Yuan-Robert", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Hsin-Yuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5317-2613" }, { "id": "Kueng-Richard-J", "name": { "family": "Kueng", "given": "Richard" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8291-648X" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Efficient Estimation of Pauli Observables by Derandomization", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2021 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 19 March 2021; accepted 14 June 2021; published 16 July 2021. \n\nThe authors thank Andreas Elben, Stefan Hillmich, Steven T. Flammia, Jarrod McClean, and Lorenzo Pastori for valuable input and inspiring discussions. H.\u2009H. is supported by the J. Yang and Family Foundation. J.\u2009P. acknowledges funding from the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, (DE-NA0003525, DE-SC0020290), and the National Science Foundation (PHY-1733907). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is a NSF Physics Frontiers Center.\n\nPublished - PhysRevLett.127.030503.pdf
Submitted - 2103.07510.pdf
Supplemental Material - supp.pdf
", "abstract": "We consider the problem of jointly estimating expectation values of many Pauli observables, a crucial subroutine in variational quantum algorithms. Starting with randomized measurements, we propose an efficient derandomization procedure that iteratively replaces random single-qubit measurements by fixed Pauli measurements; the resulting deterministic measurement procedure is guaranteed to perform at least as well as the randomized one. In particular, for estimating any L low-weight Pauli observables, a deterministic measurement on only of order log(L) copies of a quantum state suffices. In some cases, for example, when some of the Pauli observables have high weight, the derandomized procedure is substantially better than the randomized one. Specifically, numerical experiments highlight the advantages of our derandomized protocol over various previous methods for estimating the ground-state energies of small molecules.", "date": "2021-07-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "127", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 030503", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210512-104041014", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210512-104041014", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "J. Yang Family and Foundation" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" }, { "id": "AWS-Center-for-Quantum-Computing" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.030503", "primary_object": { "basename": "2103.07510.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/np5h4-gda18/files/2103.07510.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevLett.127.030503.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/np5h4-gda18/files/PhysRevLett.127.030503.pdf" }, { "basename": "supp.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/np5h4-gda18/files/supp.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Huang, Hsin-Yuan; Kueng, Richard; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z9aq9-n0937", "eprint_id": 109099, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:15:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:39:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-Hsin-Yuan-Robert", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Hsin-Yuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5317-2613" }, { "id": "Kueng-Richard-J", "name": { "family": "Kueng", "given": "Richard" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8291-648X" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Information-Theoretic Bounds on Quantum Advantage in Machine Learning", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2021 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 12 January 2021; revised 17 March 2021; accepted 2 April 2021; published 14 May 2021. \n\nThe authors thank Victor Albert, Sitan Chen, Jerry Li, Seth Lloyd, Jarrod McClean, Spiros Michalakis, Yuan Su, and Thomas Vidick for valuable input and inspiring discussions. We would also like to thank anonymous reviewers for in-depth comments and suggestions. H.\u2009H. is supported by the J. Yang & Family Foundation. J.\u2009P. acknowledges funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research, (Grants No. DE-NA0003525 and No. DE-SC0020290), and the National Science Foundation (Grant No. PHY-1733907). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is a NSF Physics Frontiers Center.\n\nPublished - PhysRevLett.126.190505.pdf
Submitted - 2101.02464.pdf
Supplemental Material - InfoAdv-supplementary.pdf
", "abstract": "We study the performance of classical and quantum machine learning (ML) models in predicting outcomes of physical experiments. The experiments depend on an input parameter x and involve execution of a (possibly unknown) quantum process E. Our figure of merit is the number of runs of E required to achieve a desired prediction performance. We consider classical ML models that perform a measurement and record the classical outcome after each run of E, and quantum ML models that can access E coherently to acquire quantum data; the classical or quantum data are then used to predict the outcomes of future experiments. We prove that for any input distribution D(x), a classical ML model can provide accurate predictions on average by accessing E a number of times comparable to the optimal quantum ML model. In contrast, for achieving an accurate prediction on all inputs, we prove that the exponential quantum advantage is possible. For example, to predict the expectations of all Pauli observables in an n-qubit system \u03c1, classical ML models require 2^(\u03a9(n)) copies of \u03c1, but we present a quantum ML model using only O(n) copies. Our results clarify where the quantum advantage is possible and highlight the potential for classical ML models to address challenging quantum problems in physics and chemistry.", "date": "2021-05-14", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "126", "number": "19", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 190505", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210512-104048123", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210512-104048123", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "J. Yang Family and Foundation" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-NA0003525" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" }, { "id": "AWS-Center-for-Quantum-Computing" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.190505", "primary_object": { "basename": "InfoAdv-supplementary.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z9aq9-n0937/files/InfoAdv-supplementary.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevLett.126.190505.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z9aq9-n0937/files/PhysRevLett.126.190505.pdf" }, { "basename": "2101.02464.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z9aq9-n0937/files/2101.02464.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Huang, Hsin-Yuan; Kueng, Richard; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7581k-z2914", "eprint_id": 109140, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:45:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:41:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Alexeev-Yuri", "name": { "family": "Alexeev", "given": "Yuri" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5066-2254" }, { "id": "Bacon-Dave", "name": { "family": "Bacon", "given": "Dave" } }, { "id": "Brown-Kenneth-R", "name": { "family": "Brown", "given": "Kenneth R." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7716-1425" }, { "id": "Calderbank-Robert", "name": { "family": "Calderbank", "given": "Robert" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2084-9717" }, { "id": "Carr-Lincoln-D", "name": { "family": "Carr", "given": "Lincoln D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4848-7941" }, { "id": "Chong-Frederic-T", "name": { "family": "Chong", "given": "Frederic T." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9282-4645" }, { "id": "DeMarco-Brian", "name": { "family": "DeMarco", "given": "Brian" } }, { "id": "Englund-Dirk", "name": { "family": "Englund", "given": "Dirk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489" }, { "id": "Farhi-Edward", "name": { "family": "Farhi", "given": "Edward" } }, { "id": "Fefferman-Bill", "name": { "family": "Fefferman", "given": "Bill" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9627-0210" }, { "id": "Gorshkov-Alexey-V", "name": { "family": "Gorshkov", "given": "Alexey V." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0509-3421" }, { "id": "Houck-Andrew", "name": { "family": "Houck", "given": "Andrew" } }, { "id": "Kim-Jungsang", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Jungsang" } }, { "id": "Kimmel-Shelby", "name": { "family": "Kimmel", "given": "Shelby" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0726-4167" }, { "id": "Lange-Michael", "name": { "family": "Lange", "given": "Michael" } }, { "id": "Lloyd-Seth", "name": { "family": "Lloyd", "given": "Seth" } }, { "id": "Lukin-Mikhail-D", "name": { "family": "Lukin", "given": "Mikhail D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8658-1007" }, { "id": "Maslov-Dmitri", "name": { "family": "Maslov", "given": "Dmitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7381-4556" }, { "id": "Maunz-Peter", "name": { "family": "Maunz", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "Monroe-Christopher", "name": { "family": "Monroe", "given": "Christopher" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "Roetteler-Martin", "name": { "family": "Roetteler", "given": "Martin" } }, { "id": "Savage-Martin-J", "name": { "family": "Savage", "given": "Martin J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6502-7106" }, { "id": "Thompson-Jeffrey-R", "name": { "family": "Thompson", "given": "Jeff" } } ] }, "title": "Quantum Computer Systems for Scientific Discovery", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. \n\n(Received 4 February 2020; accepted 21 October 2020; published 24 February 2021) \n\nWe acknowledge useful discussions with Jay Lowell (Boeing, Inc.), David Wineland (University of Oregon), Umesh Vazirani (University of California, Berkeley), and Abhinav Deshpande (University of Maryland). The participants are thankful to Ms. Samantha Suplee (University of Maryland) for the organization of the workshop. This work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation and based on a summary of an NSF Convergence Accelerator Workshop on \"Scalable Quantum Computing Laboratories\" held on October 21\u201322, 2019 in Alexandria, VA. It complements and supports parallel goals of two recent related NSF Convergence Accelerator Workshops: \"Quantum Simulators: Architectures and Opportunities\" in the area of quantum simulation [9] and \"Quantum Interconnects\" in the area of quantum communication [10]. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of Energy, or the U.S. Government.\n\nPublished - PRXQuantum.2.017001.pdf
Submitted - 1912.07577.pdf
", "abstract": "The great promise of quantum computers comes with the dual challenges of building them and finding their useful applications. We argue that these two challenges should be considered together, by codesigning full-stack quantum computer systems along with their applications in order to hasten their development and potential for scientific discovery. In this context, we identify scientific and community needs, opportunities, a sampling of a few use case studies, and significant challenges for the development of quantum computers for science over the next 2\u201310 years. This document is written by a community of university, national laboratory, and industrial researchers in the field of Quantum Information Science and Technology, and is based on a summary from a U.S. National Science Foundation workshop on Quantum Computing held on October 21\u201322, 2019 in Alexandria, VA.", "date": "2021-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "PRX Quantum", "volume": "2", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 017001", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210514-140222766", "issn": "2691-3399", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210514-140222766", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/prxquantum.2.017001", "primary_object": { "basename": "1912.07577.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7581k-z2914/files/1912.07577.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PRXQuantum.2.017001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7581k-z2914/files/PRXQuantum.2.017001.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Alexeev, Yuri; Bacon, Dave; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fk5fg-amw77", "eprint_id": 106611, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:21:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:01:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Elben-A", "name": { "family": "Elben", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1444-6356" }, { "id": "Kueng-Richard-J", "name": { "family": "Kueng", "given": "Richard" } }, { "id": "Huang-Hsin-Yuan-Robert", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Hsin-Yuan (Robert)" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5317-2613" }, { "id": "van-Bijnen-R", "name": { "family": "van Bijnen", "given": "Rick" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0979-2521" }, { "id": "Kokail-C", "name": { "family": "Kokail", "given": "Christian" } }, { "id": "Dalmonte-M", "name": { "family": "Dalmonte", "given": "Marcello" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5338-4181" }, { "id": "Calabrese-P", "name": { "family": "Calabrese", "given": "Pasquale" } }, { "id": "Kraus-B", "name": { "family": "Kraus", "given": "Barbara" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7246-6385" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "Zoller-P", "name": { "family": "Zoller", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4014-1505" }, { "id": "Vermersch-B", "name": { "family": "Vermersch", "given": "Beno\u00eet" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6781-2079" } ] }, "title": "Mixed-State Entanglement from Local Randomized Measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2020 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 22 July 2020; accepted 20 October 2020; published 11 November 2020. \n\nWe are grateful to Alireza Seif who pointed out interesting error scaling effects for classical shadows in a Scirate comment addressing Ref. [18]. We thank M. Knap, S. Nezami, F. Pollmann, and E. Wybo for discussions and valuable suggestions, as well as M. Joshi for the careful reading and comments on the manuscript. T. Brydges, P. Jurcevic, C. Maier, B. Lanyon, R. Blatt, and C. Roos have generously shared the experimental data of Ref. [10]. Simulations were performed with the QuTiP library [74]. Research in Innsbruck is supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 817482 (PASQuanS) and No. 731473 (QuantERA via QTFLAG), and by the Simons Collaboration on Ultra-Quantum Matter, which is a grant from the Simons Foundation (651440, P.\u2009Z.). B.\u2009K. acknowledges financial support from the Austrian Academy of Sciences via the Innovation Fund 'Research, Science and Society', the SFB BeyondC (Grant No. F7107-N38), and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Grant DKALM: W1259-N27. Research at Caltech is supported by the Kortschak Scholars Program, the U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0020290), the U.S. Army Research Office (W911NF-18-1-0103), and the U.S. National Science Foundation (PHY-1733907). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center. Research in Trieste is partly supported by European Research Council (Grants No. 758329 and No. 771536) and by the Italian Ministry of Education under the FARE programme. B.\u2009V. acknowledges funding from the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF, P. 32597N).\n\nPublished - PhysRevLett.125.200501.pdf
Submitted - 2007.06305.pdf
Supplemental Material - submat.pdf
", "abstract": "We propose a method for detecting bipartite entanglement in a many-body mixed state based on estimating moments of the partially transposed density matrix. The estimates are obtained by performing local random measurements on the state, followed by postprocessing using the classical shadows framework. Our method can be applied to any quantum system with single-qubit control. We provide a detailed analysis of the required number of experimental runs, and demonstrate the protocol using existing experimental data [Brydges et al., Science 364, 260 (2019)].", "date": "2020-11-13", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "125", "number": "20", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 200501", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201111-102025217", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201111-102025217", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "817482" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "731473" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation", "grant_number": "651440" }, { "agency": "Austrian Academy of Sciences", "grant_number": "F7107-N38" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "W1259-N27" }, { "agency": "Kortschak Scholars Program" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0020290" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-18-1-0103" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "758329" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "771536" }, { "agency": "Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR)" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "32597N" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/physrevlett.125.200501", "primary_object": { "basename": "2007.06305.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fk5fg-amw77/files/2007.06305.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevLett.125.200501.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fk5fg-amw77/files/PhysRevLett.125.200501.pdf" }, { "basename": "submat.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fk5fg-amw77/files/submat.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Elben, Andreas; Kueng, Richard; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0jpd4-pzg87", "eprint_id": 106298, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:39:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:19:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Faist-P", "name": { "family": "Faist", "given": "Philippe" } }, { "id": "Nezami-S", "name": { "family": "Nezami", "given": "Sepehr" } }, { "id": "Albert-V-V", "name": { "family": "Albert", "given": "Victor V." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0335-9508" }, { "id": "Salton-G", "name": { "family": "Salton", "given": "Grant" } }, { "id": "Pastawski-F", "name": { "family": "Pastawski", "given": "Fernando" } }, { "id": "Hayden-P", "name": { "family": "Hayden", "given": "Patrick" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Continuous Symmetries and Approximate Quantum Error Correction", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2020 Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. \n\nReceived 12 April 2019; revised 27 July 2020; accepted 7 September 2020; published 26 October 2020. \n\nDuring the preparation of this work, the authors became aware of an independent effort by \u00c1lvaro Alhambra and Mischa Woods to analyze how well the Eastin-Knill theorem can be evaded by allowing for a small recovery error [24]. We thank them for collegially agreeing to synchronize our arXiv posts. The authors also thank \u00c1lvaro Alhambra, Galit Anikeeva, C\u00e9dric B\u00e9ny, Fernando Brand\u00e3o, Elizabeth Crosson, Steve Flammia, Daniel Harlow, Liang Jiang, Tomas Jochym-O'Connor, Aleksander Kubica, Iman Marvian, Hirosi Ooguri, Burak \u015eahino\u011flu, and Michael Walter for discussions. Ph.\u2009F. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) through the Early PostDoc.Mobility fellowship No. P2EZP2_165239 hosted by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM) at Caltech, from the IQIM which is a National Science Foundation (NSF) Physics Frontiers Center (NSF Grant No. PHY-1733907), from the Department of Energy (DOE) Grant No. DE-SC0018407, and from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Research Unit FOR 2724. V.\u2009V.\u2009A. acknowledges support from the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics at Caltech. G.\u2009S. acknowledges support from the IQIM at Caltech and the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. P.\u2009H. acknowledges support from CIFAR, AFOSR (FA9550-16-1-0082), DOE (DE-SC0019380), and the Simons Foundation. J.\u2009P. acknowledges support from ARO, DOE, IARPA, NSF, and the Simons Foundation. Some of this work was done during the 2017 program on \"Quantum Physics of Information\" at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (NSF Grant No. PHY-1748958).\n\nPublished - PhysRevX.10.041018.pdf
Submitted - 1902.07714.pdf
Supplemental Material - SupplementalMaterial.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantum error correction and symmetry arise in many areas of physics, including many-body systems, metrology in the presence of noise, fault-tolerant computation, and holographic quantum gravity. Here, we study the compatibility of these two important principles. If a logical quantum system is encoded into n physical subsystems, we say that the code is covariant with respect to a symmetry group G if a G transformation on the logical system can be realized by performing transformations on the individual subsystems. For a G-covariant code with G a continuous group, we derive a lower bound on the error-correction infidelity following erasure of a subsystem. This bound approaches zero when the number of subsystems n or the dimension d of each subsystem is large. We exhibit codes achieving approximately the same scaling of infidelity with n or d as the lower bound. Leveraging tools from representation theory, we prove an approximate version of the Eastin-Knill theorem for quantum computation: If a code admits a universal set of transversal gates and corrects erasure with fixed accuracy, then, for each logical qubit, we need a number of physical qubits per subsystem that is inversely proportional to the error parameter. We construct codes covariant with respect to the full logical unitary group, achieving good accuracy for large d (using random codes) or n (using codes based on W states). We systematically construct codes covariant with respect to general groups, obtaining natural generalizations of qubit codes to, for instance, oscillators and rotors. In the context of the AdS/CFT correspondence, our approach provides insight into how time evolution in the bulk corresponds to time evolution on the boundary without violating the Eastin-Knill theorem, and our five-rotor code can be stacked to form a covariant holographic code.", "date": "2020-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review X", "volume": "10", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 041018", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201027-095348367", "issn": "2160-3308", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201027-095348367", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "P2EZP2_165239" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0018407" }, { "agency": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)", "grant_number": "FOR 2724" }, { "agency": "Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Caltech" }, { "agency": "Stanford University" }, { "agency": "Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-16-1-0082" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0019380" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1748958" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/physrevx.10.041018", "primary_object": { "basename": "1902.07714.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0jpd4-pzg87/files/1902.07714.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevX.10.041018.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0jpd4-pzg87/files/PhysRevX.10.041018.pdf" }, { "basename": "SupplementalMaterial.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0jpd4-pzg87/files/SupplementalMaterial.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Faist, Philippe; Nezami, Sepehr; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wn33r-r8106", "eprint_id": 102787, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:29:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 00:30:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-Hsin-Yuan-Robert", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Hsin-Yuan (Robert)" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5317-2613" }, { "id": "Kueng-Richard-J", "name": { "family": "Kueng", "given": "Richard" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Predicting Many Properties of a Quantum System from Very Few Measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Information theory and computation; Mathematics and computing; Quantum information; Quantum physics; Theoretical physics", "note": "\u00a9 2020 Springer Nature Limited. \n\nReceived 20 October 2019. Accepted 06 May 2020. Published 22 June 2020. \n\nWe thank V. Albert, F. Brand\u00e3o, M. Endres, I. Roth, J. Tropp, T. Vidick, M. Weilenmann and J. Wright for valuable input and inspiring discussions. L. Aolita and G. Carleo provided helpful advice regarding presentation. Our gratitude extends, in particular, to J. Iverson, who helped us in devising a numerical sampling strategy for toric code ground states. We also thank M. Paini and A. Kalev for informing us about their related work30, where they discussed succinct classical 'snapshots' of quantum states obtained from randomized local measurements. H.-Y.H. is supported by the Kortschak Scholars Program. R.K. acknowledges funding provided by the Office of Naval Research (award no. N00014-17-1-2146) and the Army Research Office (award no. W911NF121054). J.P. acknowledges funding from ARO-LPS, NSF and DOE. The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center. \n\nData availability: Source data are available for this paper. All other data that support the plots within this paper and other findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. \n\nCode availability: Source code for an efficient implementation of the proposed procedure is available at https://github.com/momohuang/predicting-quantum-properties. \n\nAuthor Contributions: H.-Y.H. and R.K. developed the theoretical aspects of this work. H.-Y.H. conducted the numerical experiments and wrote the open-source code. J.P. conceived the applications of classical shadows. H.-Y.H., R.K. and J.P. wrote the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\n\nSubmitted - 2002.08953.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41567_2020_932_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
", "abstract": "Predicting the properties of complex, large-scale quantum systems is essential for developing quantum technologies. We present an efficient method for constructing an approximate classical description of a quantum state using very few measurements of the state. This description, called a 'classical shadow', can be used to predict many different properties; order log(M) measurements suffice to accurately predict M different functions of the state with high success probability. The number of measurements is independent of the system size and saturates information-theoretic lower bounds. Moreover, target properties to predict can be selected after the measurements are completed. We support our theoretical findings with extensive numerical experiments. We apply classical shadows to predict quantum fidelities, entanglement entropies, two-point correlation functions, expectation values of local observables and the energy variance of many-body local Hamiltonians. The numerical results highlight the advantages of classical shadows relative to previously known methods.", "date": "2020-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Physics", "volume": "16", "number": "10", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "1050-1057", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200427-084340790", "issn": "1745-2473", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200427-084340790", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Kortschak Scholars Program" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-17-1-2146" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF121054" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41567-020-0932-7", "primary_object": { "basename": "2002.08953.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wn33r-r8106/files/2002.08953.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "41567_2020_932_MOESM1_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wn33r-r8106/files/41567_2020_932_MOESM1_ESM.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Huang, Hsin-Yuan (Robert); Kueng, Richard; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/414gf-y2669", "eprint_id": 105131, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:12:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 21:23:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Iverson-J-K", "name": { "family": "Iverson", "given": "Joseph K." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4665-8839" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Coherence in logical quantum channels", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "quantum error correcting codes, coherent noise, toric code, surface code, quantum computing", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. \n\nReceived 22 February 2020; Accepted 29 April 2020; Accepted Manuscript online 29 April 2020; Published 31 July 2020. \n\nWe would like to thank Michael Beverland, Robin Blume-Kohout, Benjamin Brown, Aaron Chew, Andrew Darmawan, Andrew Doherty, Steven Flammia, Daniel Gottesman, Tomas Jochym-O'Connor, Aleksander Kubica, Richard Kueng, David Poulin, and Leonid Pryadko for valuable discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support from ARO-LPS (W911NF-18-1-0103) and NSF (PHY-1733907). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center.\n\nPublished - Iverson_2020_New_J._Phys._22_073066.pdf
Accepted Version - 1912.04319.pdf
", "abstract": "We study the effectiveness of quantum error correction against coherent noise. Coherent errors (for example, unitary noise) can interfere constructively, so that in some cases the average infidelity of a quantum circuit subjected to coherent errors may increase quadratically with the circuit size; in contrast, when errors are incoherent (for example, depolarizing noise), the average infidelity increases at worst linearly with circuit size. We consider the performance of quantum stabilizer codes against a noise model in which a unitary rotation is applied to each qubit, where the axes and angles of rotation are nearly the same for all qubits. In particular, we show that for the toric code subject to such independent coherent noise, and for minimal-weight decoding, the logical channel after error correction becomes increasingly incoherent as the length of the code increases, provided the noise strength decays inversely with the code distance. A similar conclusion holds for weakly correlated coherent noise. Our methods can also be used for analyzing the performance of other codes and fault-tolerant protocols against coherent noise. However, our result does not show that the coherence of the logical channel is suppressed in the more physically relevant case where the noise strength is held constant as the code block grows, and we recount the difficulties that prevented us from extending the result to that case. Nevertheless our work supports the idea that fault-tolerant quantum computing schemes will work effectively against coherent noise, providing encouraging news for quantum hardware builders who worry about the damaging effects of control errors and coherent interactions with the environment.", "date": "2020-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "New Journal of Physics", "volume": "22", "number": "7", "publisher": "IOP", "pagerange": "Art. No. 073066", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200827-141821017", "issn": "1367-2630", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200827-141821017", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-18-1-0103" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/ab8e5c", "primary_object": { "basename": "1912.04319.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/414gf-y2669/files/1912.04319.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Iverson_2020_New_J._Phys._22_073066.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/414gf-y2669/files/Iverson_2020_New_J._Phys._22_073066.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Iverson, Joseph K. and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2k0wk-5th07", "eprint_id": 102499, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:03:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 00:15:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Albert-V-V", "name": { "family": "Albert", "given": "Victor V." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0335-9508" }, { "id": "Covey-J-P", "name": { "family": "Covey", "given": "Jacob P." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5104-6883" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Robust Encoding of a Qubit in a Molecule", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, Chemical Physics, Quantum Information", "note": "\u00a9 2020 Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. \n\nReceived 18 November 2019; revised 27 May 2020; accepted 21 July 2020; published 1 September 2020. \n\nWe thank Rafael N. Alexander, Benjamin L. Augenbraun, Stephen Bartlett, Juani Bermejo-Vega, Giacomo Bighin, Igor N. Cherepanov, David DeMille, Christa Fl\u00fchmann, Steven M. Girvin, Alexey V. Gorshkov, Nick Hutzler, Joe Iverson, Arian Jadbabaie, Dominik J\u00fcstel, Alexei Yu. Kitaev, Roman Korol, Roman Krems, Richard Kueng, Dietrich Leibfried, Mikhail Lemeshko, Angelo Lucia, Kang-Kuen Ni, Igor Pak, Hannes Pichler, Shruti Puri, Gil Refael, Grant Salton, Eugene Tang, and Jun Ye for useful suggestions and discussions. We gratefully acknowledge support from ARO-LPS (W911NF-18-1-0103), NSF (PHY-1733907), the Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, and the Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy (PMA) at Caltech. The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center. Our figures were drawn using Mathematica 12.\n\nPublished - PhysRevX.10.031050.pdf
Submitted - 1911.00099.pdf
", "abstract": "We construct quantum error-correcting codes that embed a finite-dimensional code space in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of rotational states of a rigid body. These codes, which protect against both drift in the body's orientation and small changes in its angular momentum, may be well suited for robust storage and coherent processing of quantum information using rotational states of a polyatomic molecule. Extensions of such codes to rigid bodies with a symmetry axis are compatible with rotational states of diatomic molecules as well as nuclear states of molecules and atoms. We also describe codes associated with general non-Abelian groups and develop orthogonality relations for coset spaces, laying the groundwork for quantum information processing with exotic configuration spaces.", "date": "2020-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review X", "volume": "10", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 031050", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200413-094120710", "issn": "2160-3308", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200413-094120710", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-18-1-0103" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Caltech" }, { "agency": "Caltech Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevX.10.031050", "primary_object": { "basename": "1911.00099.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2k0wk-5th07/files/1911.00099.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevX.10.031050.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2k0wk-5th07/files/PhysRevX.10.031050.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Albert, Victor V.; Covey, Jacob P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qgzdq-w8z17", "eprint_id": 103744, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:37:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 16:40:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kim-I-H", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Isaac" } }, { "id": "Tang-Eugene", "name": { "family": "Tang", "given": "Eugene" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "The ghost in the radiation: robust encodings of the black hole interior", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Black Holes, Black Holes in String Theory, AdS-CFT Correspondence", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Authors. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. \n\nArticle funded by SCOAP3. \n\nReceived: March 20, 2020; Accepted: May 13, 2020; Published: June 3, 2020. \n\nWe thank Adam Bouland, Raphael Bousso, Anne Broadbent, Juan Maldacena, and Geoff Penington for valuable discussions. IK's work was supported by the Simons Foundation It from Qubit Collaboration and by the Australian Research Council via the Centre of Excellence in Engineered Quantum Systems (EQUS) project number CE170100009. Part of this work was done during IK's visit to the Galileo Galilei Institute during the \"Entanglement in Quantum Systems\" workshop. ET and JP acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NSF Grant PHY-1733907), the Simons Foundation It from Qubit Collaboration, the DOE QuantISED program (DE-SC0018407), and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-19-1-0360). ET acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).\n\nPublished - Kim2020_Article_TheGhostInTheRadiationRobustEn.pdf
Submitted - 2003.05451.pdf
", "abstract": "We reconsider the black hole firewall puzzle, emphasizing that quantum error- correction, computational complexity, and pseudorandomness are crucial concepts for understanding the black hole interior. We assume that the Hawking radiation emitted by an old black hole is pseudorandom, meaning that it cannot be distinguished from a perfectly thermal state by any efficient quantum computation acting on the radiation alone. We then infer the existence of a subspace of the radiation system which we interpret as an encoding of the black hole interior. This encoded interior is entangled with the late outgoing Hawking quanta emitted by the old black hole, and is inaccessible to computationally bounded observers who are outside the black hole. Specifically, efficient operations acting on the radiation, those with quantum computational complexity polynomial in the entropy of the remaining black hole, commute with a complete set of logical operators acting on the encoded interior, up to corrections which are exponentially small in the entropy. Thus, under our pseudorandomness assumption, the black hole interior is well protected from exterior observers as long as the remaining black hole is macroscopic. On the other hand, if the radiation is not pseudorandom, an exterior observer may be able to create a firewall by applying a polynomial-time quantum computation to the radiation.", "date": "2020-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of High Energy Physics", "volume": "2020", "number": "6", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "Art. No. 31", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200608-102711610", "issn": "1029-8479", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200608-102711610", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Australian Research Council", "grant_number": "CE170100009" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0018407" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-19-1-0360" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" }, { "agency": "SCOAP3" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/jhep06(2020)031", "primary_object": { "basename": "2003.05451.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qgzdq-w8z17/files/2003.05451.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Kim2020_Article_TheGhostInTheRadiationRobustEn.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qgzdq-w8z17/files/Kim2020_Article_TheGhostInTheRadiationRobustEn.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Kim, Isaac; Tang, Eugene; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/at1n2-2qb69", "eprint_id": 102930, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:50:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 00:38:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhuang-Quntao", "name": { "family": "Zhuang", "given": "Quntao" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9554-3846" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Jiang-Liang", "name": { "family": "Jiang", "given": "Liang" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0000-9342" } ] }, "title": "Distributed quantum sensing enhanced by continuous-variable error correction", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Institute of Physics and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.\nOriginal content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. \n\nReceived 5 November 2019; Accepted 3 February 2020; Accepted Manuscript online 3 February 2020; Published 26 February 2020. \n\nWe acknowledge Kyungjoo Noh and Sisi Zhou for discussions. We acknowledge support from the University of Arizona, ARO (W911NF-19-1-0418), ONR (N00014-19-1-2189), ARO-LPS (W911NF-18-1-0103), NSF (PHY-1733907), ARL-CDQI (W911NF-15-2-0067), ARO (W911NF-18-1-0020, W911NF-18-1-0212), ARO MURI (W911NF-16-1-0349), AFOSR MURI (FA9550-15-1-0015, FA9550-19-1-0399), DOE (DE-SC0019406), NSF (EFMA-1640959, OMA-1936118), and the Packard Foundation (2013-39273). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center. QZ acknowledges the hospitality of the Yale Quantum Institute during the completion of the paper.\n\nPublished - Zhuang_2020_New_J._Phys._22_022001.pdf
Submitted - 1910.14156.pdf
", "abstract": "A distributed sensing protocol uses a network of local sensing nodes to estimate a global feature of the network, such as a weighted average of locally detectable parameters. In the noiseless case, continuous-variable (CV) multipartite entanglement shared by the nodes can improve the precision of parameter estimation relative to the precision attainable by a network without shared entanglement; for an entangled protocol, the root mean square estimation error scales like 1/M with the number M of sensing nodes, the so-called Heisenberg scaling, while for protocols without entanglement, the error scales like 1\u221aM. However, in the presence of loss and other noise sources, although multipartite entanglement still has some advantages for sensing displacements and phases, the scaling of the precision with M is less favorable. In this paper, we show that using CV error correction codes can enhance the robustness of sensing protocols against imperfections and reinstate Heisenberg scaling up to moderate values of M. Furthermore, while previous distributed sensing protocols could measure only a single quadrature, we construct a protocol in which both quadratures can be sensed simultaneously. Our work demonstrates the value of CV error correction codes in realistic sensing scenarios.", "date": "2020-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "New Journal of Physics", "volume": "22", "number": "2", "publisher": "IOP", "pagerange": "Art. No. 022001", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200430-121016107", "issn": "1367-2630", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200430-121016107", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "University of Arizona" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-19-1-0418" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-19-1-2189" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-18-1-0103" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1733907" }, { "agency": "Army Research Laboratory", "grant_number": "W911NF-15-2-0067" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-18-1-0020" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-18-1-0212" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-16-1-0349" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-15-1-0015" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-19-1-0399" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0019406" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EFMA-1640959" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "OMA-1936118" }, { "agency": "David and Lucile Packard Foundation", "grant_number": "2013-39273" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" } ] }, "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/ab7257", "primary_object": { "basename": "1910.14156.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/at1n2-2qb69/files/1910.14156.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Zhuang_2020_New_J._Phys._22_022001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/at1n2-2qb69/files/Zhuang_2020_New_J._Phys._22_022001.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Zhuang, Quntao; Preskill, John; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/20907-sm834", "eprint_id": 92603, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:44:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 15:54:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kubica-A", "name": { "family": "Kubica", "given": "Aleksander" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Cellular-automaton decoders with provable thresholds for topological codes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 26 October 2018; published 8 July 2019. \n\nA. K. thanks Nicolas Delfosse for invaluable feedback throughout the project and Ben Brown and Mike Vasmer for stimulating discussions. A. K. acknowledges funding provided by the Simons Foundation through the \"It from Qubit\" Collaboration. Research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation. J. P. acknowledges support from ARO, DOE, IARPA, NSF, and the Simons Foundation. The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM) is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center.\n\nPublished - PhysRevLett.123.020501.pdf
Submitted - 1809.10145.pdf
", "abstract": "We propose a new cellular automaton (CA), the sweep rule, which generalizes Toom's rule to any locally Euclidean lattice. We use the sweep rule to design a local decoder for the toric code in d \u2265 3 dimensions, the sweep decoder, and rigorously establish a lower bound on its performance. We also numerically estimate the sweep decoder threshold for the three-dimensional toric code on the cubic and body-centered cubic lattices for phenomenological phase-flip noise. Our results lead to new CA decoders with provable error-correction thresholds for other topological quantum codes including the color code.", "date": "2019-07-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "123", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 020501", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190201-155942835", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190201-155942835", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Industry Canada" }, { "agency": "Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.020501", "primary_object": { "basename": "1809.10145.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/20907-sm834/files/1809.10145.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevLett.123.020501.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/20907-sm834/files/PhysRevLett.123.020501.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Kubica, Aleksander and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ywjn3-p4r08", "eprint_id": 86492, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:59:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:39:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018. This Paper is published in Quantum under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. Copyright remains with the original copyright holders such as the authors or their institutions. \n\nPublished: 2018-08-06. \n\nThis article is based on a Keynote Address delivered at Quantum Computing for Business on 5 December 2017. I thank Matt Johnson for organizing this stimulating meeting and inviting me to participate. My remarks here have been influenced by discussions with many colleagues, too many to list. But I've especially benefited from insights due to Scott Aaronson, Sergio Boixo, Fernando Brand\u00e3o, Elizabeth Crosson, Toby Cubitt, Eddie Farhi, Steve Flammia, David Gosset, Daniel Gottesman, Stephen Jordan, Jordan Kerenidis, Isaac Kim, Seth Lloyd, Shaun Maguire, Oskar Painter, David Poulin, Peter Shor, Brian Swingle, Matthias Troyer, Umesh Vazirani, and Thomas Vidick. Some of this work was done while I attended the 2017 program on Quantum Physics of Information at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP). I gratefully acknowledge support from ARO, DOE, IARPA, NSF, and the Simons Foundation. The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM) is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center.\n\nPublished - q-2018-08-06-79.pdf
Submitted - 1801.00862.pdf
", "abstract": "Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology will be available in the near future. Quantum computers with 50-100 qubits may be able to perform tasks which surpass the capabilities of today's classical digital computers, but noise in quantum gates will limit the size of quantum circuits that can be executed reliably. NISQ devices will be useful tools for exploring many-body quantum physics, and may have other useful applications, but the 100-qubit quantum computer will not change the world right away - we should regard it as a significant step toward the more powerful quantum technologies of the future. Quantum technologists should continue to strive for more accurate quantum gates and, eventually, fully fault-tolerant quantum computing.", "date": "2018-08-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Quantum", "volume": "2", "publisher": "Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften", "pagerange": "Art. No. 79", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180521-094354257", "issn": "2521-327X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180521-094354257", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79", "primary_object": { "basename": "1801.00862.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ywjn3-p4r08/files/1801.00862.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "q-2018-08-06-79.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ywjn3-p4r08/files/q-2018-08-06-79.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t1xc2-1sh56", "eprint_id": 82080, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:07:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 22:01:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kubica-A", "name": { "family": "Kubica", "given": "Aleksander" } }, { "id": "Beverland-M-E", "name": { "family": "Beverland", "given": "Michael E." } }, { "id": "Brand\u00e3o-F-G-S-L", "name": { "family": "Brand\u00e3o", "given": "Fernando G. S. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3866-9378" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Svore-K-M", "name": { "family": "Svore", "given": "Krysta M." } } ] }, "title": "Three-dimensional color code thresholds via statistical-mechanical mapping", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 30 September 2017; published 4 May 2018. \n\nWe thank R. Andrist, H. Bomb\u00edn, N. Delfosse, L. Pryadko, B. Yoshida, and I. Zintchenko for helpful discussions. A.\u2009K. would like to thank the QuArC group for their hospitality during a summer internship. We acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NSF Grant No. PHY-1125565) with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-2644).\n\nPublished - PhysRevLett.120.180501.pdf
Submitted - 1708.07131.pdf
Supplemental Material - statmech_supplemental.pdf
", "abstract": "Three-dimensional (3D) color codes have advantages for fault-tolerant quantum computing, such as protected quantum gates with relatively low overhead and robustness against imperfect measurement of error syndromes. Here we investigate the storage threshold error rates for bit-flip and phase-flip noise in the 3D color code (3DCC) on the body-centered cubic lattice, assuming perfect syndrome measurements. In particular, by exploiting a connection between error correction and statistical mechanics, we estimate the threshold for 1D stringlike and 2D sheetlike logical operators to be p^((1))_(3DCC) \u2243 1.9% and p^((2))_(3DCC) \u2243 27.6%. We obtain these results by using parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations to study the disorder-temperature phase diagrams of two new 3D statistical-mechanical models: the four- and six-body random coupling Ising models.", "date": "2018-05-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "120", "number": "18", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 180501", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171004-145219476", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171004-145219476", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation", "grant_number": "GBMF-12500028" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.180501", "primary_object": { "basename": "1708.07131.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t1xc2-1sh56/files/1708.07131.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevLett.120.180501.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t1xc2-1sh56/files/PhysRevLett.120.180501.pdf" }, { "basename": "statmech_supplemental.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t1xc2-1sh56/files/statmech_supplemental.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Kubica, Aleksander; Beverland, Michael E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4y39s-j1013", "eprint_id": 85790, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:47:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:47:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Stephen Hawking (1942\u20132018)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. This is an article distributed under the terms of the Science Journals Default License.", "abstract": "Stephen William Hawking died on 14 March (Albert Einstein's birthday) at the age of 76 after decades of battling the incurable disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). His early scientific work transformed our understanding of general relativity, Einstein's theory of gravitation. Later in life, Stephen became an immensely successful popularizer of science; his courage and high spirits in the face of his disability inspired millions. Stephen Hawking's achievements as a scientist, communicator, and public figure were commensurate with his great fame.", "date": "2018-04-13", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "360", "number": "6385", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "156", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180412-141957828", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180412-141957828", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1126/science.aat6775", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8h81k-m6g42", "eprint_id": 79259, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:19:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 14:44:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhou-Sisi", "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Sisi" } }, { "id": "Zhang-Mengzhen", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Mengzhen" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" }, { "id": "Jiang-Liang", "name": { "family": "Jiang", "given": "Liang" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0000-9342" } ] }, "title": "Achieving the Heisenberg limit in quantum metrology using quantum error correction", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. \n\nReceived: 07 June 2017; Accepted: 05 December 2017; Published online: 08 January 2018. \n\nWe thank Fernando Brand\u00e3o, Yanbei Chen, Steve Girvin, Linshu Li, Mikhail Lukin, Changling Zou for inspiring discussions. We acknowledge support from the ARL-CDQI (W911NF-15-2-0067), ARO (W911NF-14-1-0011, W911NF-14-1-0563), ARO MURI (W911NF-16-1-0349), AFOSR MURI (FA9550-14-1-0052, FA9550-15-1-0015), NSF (EFMA-1640959), Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (BR2013-049), and Packard Foundation (2013-39273). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. \n\nAuthor Contributions: J.P. and L.J. conceived this project. S.Z. proved linear scaling of the QFI and constructed the QEC code. S.Z., M.Z. and L.J. formulated the QEC condition. S.Z., J.P. and L.J. wrote the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interests.\n\nPublished - s41467-017-02510-3.pdf
Submitted - 1706.02445.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41467_2017_2510_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantum metrology has many important applications in science and technology, ranging from frequency spectroscopy to gravitational wave detection. Quantum mechanics imposes a fundamental limit on measurement precision, called the Heisenberg limit, which can be achieved for noiseless quantum systems, but is not achievable in general for systems subject to noise. Here we study how measurement precision can be enhanced through quantum error correction, a general method for protecting a quantum system from the damaging effects of noise. We find a necessary and sufficient condition for achieving the Heisenberg limit using quantum probes subject to Markovian noise, assuming that noiseless ancilla systems are available, and that fast, accurate quantum processing can be performed. When the sufficient condition is satisfied, a quantum error-correcting code can be constructed that suppresses the noise without obscuring the signal; the optimal code, achieving the best possible precision, can be found by solving a semidefinite program.", "date": "2018-01-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Communications", "volume": "9", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "Art. No. 78", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170720-172112488", "issn": "2041-1723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170720-172112488", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-15-2-0067" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-14-1-0011" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-14-1-0563" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-16-1-0349" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-14-1-0052" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA9550-15-1-0015" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EFMA-1640959" }, { "agency": "Alfred P. Sloan Foundation", "grant_number": "BR2013-049" }, { "agency": "David and Lucile Packard Foundation", "grant_number": "2013-39273" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-017-02510-3", "pmcid": "PMC5758555", "primary_object": { "basename": "1706.02445.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8h81k-m6g42/files/1706.02445.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "41467_2017_2510_MOESM1_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8h81k-m6g42/files/41467_2017_2510_MOESM1_ESM.pdf" }, { "basename": "s41467-017-02510-3.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8h81k-m6g42/files/s41467-017-02510-3.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Zhou, Sisi; Zhang, Mengzhen; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2n7bh-ab342", "eprint_id": 79260, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:19:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 14:44:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jordan-S-P", "name": { "family": "Jordan", "given": "Stephen P." } }, { "id": "Krovi-H", "name": { "family": "Krovi", "given": "Hari" } }, { "id": "Lee-K-S-M", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Keith S. M." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "BQP-completeness of Scattering in Scalar Quantum Field Theory", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "This paper is published in Quantum under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license. Copyright remains with the original copyright holders such as the authors or their institutions.\n\nWe thank David Gosset, Mark Rudner, and Jacob Taylor for helpful \ndiscussions. JP gratefully acknowledges support from the Institute for Quantum Information \nand Matter (IQIM), an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support from the Gordon and \nBetty Moore Foundation, from the Army Research Office, and from the Simons Foundation It \nfrom Qubit Collaboration. KL was supported in part by NSERC and the Centre for Quantum \nInformation and Quantum Control (CQIQC). Parts of this manuscript are a contribution of\nNIST, an agency of the US government, and are not subject to US copyright.\n\nPublished - q-2018-01-08-44.pdf
Submitted - 1703.00454.pdf
", "abstract": "Recent work has shown that quantum computers can compute scattering probabilities in massive quantum field theories, with a run time that is polynomial in the number of particles, their energy, and the desired precision. Here we study a closely related quantum field-theoretical problem: estimating the vacuum-to-vacuum transition amplitude, in the presence of spacetime-dependent classical sources, for a massive scalar field theory in (1+1) dimensions. We show that this problem is BQP-hard; in other words, its solution enables one to solve any problem that is solvable in polynomial time by a quantum computer. Hence, the vacuum-to-vacuum amplitude cannot be accurately estimated by any efficient classical algorithm, even if the field theory is very weakly coupled, unless BQP=BPP. Furthermore, the corresponding decision problem can be solved by a quantum computer in a time scaling polynomially with the number of bits needed to specify the classical source fields, and this problem is therefore BQP-complete. Our construction can be regarded as an idealized architecture for a universal quantum computer in a laboratory system described by massive phi^4 theory coupled to classical spacetime-dependent sources.", "date": "2018-01-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Quantum", "volume": "2", "publisher": "Verein zur F\u00f6rderung des Open Access Publizierens in den Quantenwissenschaften", "pagerange": "Art. No. 44", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170720-172919513", "issn": "2521-327X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170720-172919513", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" }, { "agency": "Centre for Quantum Information and Quantum Control (CQIQC)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.22331/q-2018-01-08-44", "primary_object": { "basename": "1703.00454.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2n7bh-ab342/files/1703.00454.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "q-2018-01-08-44.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2n7bh-ab342/files/q-2018-01-08-44.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Jordan, Stephen P.; Krovi, Hari; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jmnwe-2za28", "eprint_id": 77528, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:08:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 23:08:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pastawski-F", "name": { "family": "Pastawski", "given": "Fernando" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Code Properties from Holographic Geometries", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 The Authors. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. \n\nReceived 5 January 2017; published 15 May 2017. \n\nF.\u2009P. would like to thank Nicolas Delfosse, Henrik Wilming, and Jens Eisert for helpful discussions and comments. F.\u2009P. gratefully acknowledges funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, a NSF Physics Frontiers Center, with support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, as well as the Simons Foundation through the It from Qubit program and the FUB through the ERC project (TAQ). This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF PHY-1125915.\n\nPublished - PhysRevX.7.021022.pdf
Submitted - 1612.00017.pdf
", "abstract": "Almheiri, Dong, and Harlow [J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2015) 163.] proposed a highly illuminating connection between the AdS/CFT holographic correspondence and operator algebra quantum error correction (OAQEC). Here, we explore this connection further. We derive some general results about OAQEC, as well as results that apply specifically to quantum codes that admit a holographic interpretation. We introduce a new quantity called price, which characterizes the support of a protected logical system, and find constraints on the price and the distance for logical subalgebras of quantum codes. We show that holographic codes defined on bulk manifolds with asymptotically negative curvature exhibit uberholography, meaning that a bulk logical algebra can be supported on a boundary region with a fractal structure. We argue that, for holographic codes defined on bulk manifolds with asymptotically flat or positive curvature, the boundary physics must be highly nonlocal, an observation with potential implications for black holes and for quantum gravity in AdS space at distance scales that are small compared to the AdS curvature radius.", "date": "2017-05-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review X", "volume": "7", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 021022", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170517-114206968", "issn": "2160-3308", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170517-114206968", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "Simons Foundation", "grant_number": "309981" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125915" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevX.7.021022", "primary_object": { "basename": "PhysRevX.7.021022.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jmnwe-2za28/files/PhysRevX.7.021022.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1612.00017.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jmnwe-2za28/files/1612.00017.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Pastawski, Fernando and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p1gke-2sa33", "eprint_id": 65363, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 11:24:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:34:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pastawski-F", "name": { "family": "Pastawski", "given": "Fernando" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Error correction for encoded quantum annealing", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 1 March 2016; revised manuscript received 26 April 2016; published 19 May 2016. \n\nWe thank W. Lechner and E. Crosson for useful comments and discussions. F.P. and J.P. gratefully acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, a NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and by the Army Research Office.\n\nPublished - PhysRevA.93.052325.pdf
Submitted - 1511.00004v1.pdf
", "abstract": "Recently, W. Lechner, P. Hauke, and P. Zoller [Sci. Adv. 1, e1500838 (2015)] have proposed a quantum annealing architecture, in which a classical spin glass with all-to-all pairwise connectivity is simulated by a spin glass with geometrically local interactions. We interpret this architecture as a classical error-correcting code, which is highly robust against weakly correlated bit-flip noise, and we analyze the code's performance using a belief-propagation decoding algorithm. Our observations may also apply to more general encoding schemes and noise models.", "date": "2016-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "93", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 052325", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160315-111407944", "issn": "2469-9926", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160315-111407944", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.93.052325", "primary_object": { "basename": "1511.00004v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p1gke-2sa33/files/1511.00004v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "BeliefIterations.m", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p1gke-2sa33/files/BeliefIterations.m" }, { "basename": "PhysRevA.93.052325.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p1gke-2sa33/files/PhysRevA.93.052325.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Pastawski, Fernando and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jn1p7-am493", "eprint_id": 52506, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 10:03:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:54:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Beverland-M-E", "name": { "family": "Beverland", "given": "Michael E." } }, { "id": "Oliver-B", "name": { "family": "Oliver", "given": "Buerschaper" } }, { "id": "K\u00f6nig-R", "name": { "family": "Koenig", "given": "Robert" } }, { "id": "Pastawski-F", "name": { "family": "Pastawski", "given": "Fernando" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Sijher-S", "name": { "family": "Sijher", "given": "Sumit" } } ] }, "title": "Protected gates for topological quantum field theories", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 AIP Publishing LLC. \n\nReceived 10 August 2015; accepted 21 December 2015; published online 13 January 2016. \n\nR.K. and S.S. gratefully acknowledge support by NSERC, and M.B., F.P., and J.P. gratefully acknowledge support by NSF Grant Nos. PHY-0803371 and PHY-1125565, NSA/ARO Grant No. W911NF-09-1-0442, and AFOSR/DARPA Grant No. FA8750-12-2-0308. R.K. is supported by the Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen \u2014 Institute for Advanced Study, funded by the German Excellence Initiative and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement No. 291763. O.B. gratefully acknowledges support by the ERC (TAQ). The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM) is a NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. R.K. and S.S. thank the IQIM for their hospitality. We thank Jeongwan Haah, Olivier Landon-Cardinal, and Beni Yoshida for helpful discussions, and the referees and editors for their comments.\n\nPublished - 1.4939783.pdf
Submitted - preskill.pdf
", "abstract": "We study restrictions on locality-preserving unitary logical gates for topological quantum codes in two spatial dimensions. A locality-preserving operation is one which maps local operators to local operators \u2014 for example, a constant-depth quantum circuit of geometrically local gates, or evolution for a constant time governed by a geometrically local bounded-strength Hamiltonian. Locality-preserving logical gates of topological codes are intrinsically fault tolerant because spatially localized errors remain localized, and hence sufficiently dilute errors remain correctable. By invoking general properties of two-dimensional topological field theories, we find that the locality-preserving logical gates are severely limited for codes which admit non-abelian anyons, in particular, there are no locality-preserving logical gates on the torus or the sphere with M punctures if the braiding of anyons is computationally universal. Furthermore, for Ising anyons on the M-punctured sphere, locality-preserving gates must be elements of the logical Pauli group. We derive these results by relating logical gates of a topological code to automorphisms of the Verlinde algebra of the corresponding anyon model, and by requiring the logical gates to be compatible with basis changes in the logical Hilbert space arising from local F-moves and the mapping class group.", "date": "2016-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Mathematical Physics", "volume": "57", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "Art. No. 022201", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141209-131847639", "issn": "0022-2488", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141209-131847639", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)", "grant_number": "FA8750-12-2-0308" }, { "agency": "German Excellence Initiative" }, { "agency": "European Union FP7", "grant_number": "291763" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Informatoin and Matter (IQIM)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.4939783", "primary_object": { "basename": "preskill.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jn1p7-am493/files/preskill.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1.4939783.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jn1p7-am493/files/1.4939783.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Beverland, Michael E.; Oliver, Buerschaper; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9eb85-7w423", "eprint_id": 63357, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 09:24:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 23:45:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gu-Zheng-Cheng", "name": { "family": "Gu", "given": "Zheng-Cheng" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Universal form for quark and lepton mass matrices", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2015 American Physical Society. \n\n(Received 20 May 2014; published 7 December 2015) \n\nWe thank Ryan Patterson for helpful discussions. Z.\u2009C.\u2009G. is supported by the Government of Canada through Industry Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research and Innovation. J.\u2009P. is supported by NSF Grant No. PHY-0803371 and DOE Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701.\n\nPublished - PhysRevD.92.113005.pdf
", "abstract": "We propose a universal form for quark and lepton mass matrices, which applies in a \"leading order\" approximation where CP-violating phases are ignored. Down-quark mass ratios are successfully predicted in our scheme using the measured Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing angles as input. Assuming an additional discrete symmetry in the neutrino sector, we obtain the \"golden ratio\" pattern in the leading-order Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) mixing matrix; in addition we predict an inverted neutrino mass hierarchy with m_1-\u2243-m_2 \u2243 74\u2009\u2009meV, m_3 \u2243 55\u2009\u2009meV, and neutrinoless double beta decay mass parameter m_(0\u03bd\u03b2\u03b2) \u2243 33\u2009\u2009meV. When CP-violating phases are included, our scheme suggests a residual \u2009\u2124_2 antiunitary symmetry of the neutrino mass matrix, in which the interchange of \u03bc and \u03c4 neutrinos is accompanied by a time reversal transformation, thus predicting that the CP-violating angle in the neutrino sector is close to the maximal value \u03b4 = \u00b1 \u03c0/2, and that the diagonal phases in the PMNS matrix are \u03b1_ 1 \u2243 0, \u03b1_2 \u2243 \u03c0.", "date": "2015-12-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review D", "volume": "92", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 113005", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160104-165102169", "issn": "2470-0010", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160104-165102169", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Industry Canada" }, { "agency": "Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevD.92.113005", "primary_object": { "basename": "PhysRevD.92.113005.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9eb85-7w423/files/PhysRevD.92.113005.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Gu, Zheng-Cheng and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pr56h-jx184", "eprint_id": 58922, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 07:00:04", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:52:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pastawski-F", "name": { "family": "Pastawski", "given": "Fernando" } }, { "id": "Yoshida-Beni", "name": { "family": "Yoshida", "given": "Beni" } }, { "id": "Harlow-D", "name": { "family": "Harlow", "given": "Daniel" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Holographic quantum error-correcting codes: toy models for the bulk/boundary correspondence", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "AdS-CFT Correspondence, Lattice Integrable Models", "note": "\u00a9 2015 The Authors.\nPublished for SISSA by Springer.\n\nThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. \n\nArticle funded by SCOAP3.\n\nReceived: April 22, 2015; Accepted: May 26, 2015; Published: June 23, 2015. \n\nWe thank Ning Bao, Oliver Buerschaper, Glen Evenbly, Daniel Gottesman, Aram Harrow, Isaac Kim, Seth Lloyd, Nima Lashkari, Hirosi Ooguri, Grant Salton, Kristan Temme, Guifre Vidal and Xiaoliang Qi for useful comments and discussions. We also have enjoyed discussions with Ahmed Almheiri, Xi Dong, and Brian Swingle, and with Matthew Headrick, about their independent and upcoming related work. FP, BY, and JP acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, a NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grants No. PHY-0803371 and PHY-1125565). BY is supported by the David and Ellen Lee Postdoctoral fellowship. DH is supported by the Princeton Center for Theoretical Science.\n\nPublished - art_10.1007_JHEP06_2015_149.pdf
Submitted - 1503.06237v1.pdf
", "abstract": "We propose a family of exactly solvable toy models for the AdS/CFT correspondence based on a novel construction of quantum error-correcting codes with a tensor network structure. Our building block is a special type of tensor with maximal entanglement along any bipartition, which gives rise to an isometry from the bulk Hilbert space to the boundary Hilbert space. The entire tensor network is an encoder for a quantum error-correcting code, where the bulk and boundary degrees of freedom may be identified as logical and physical degrees of freedom respectively. These models capture key features of entanglement in the AdS/CFT correspondence; in particular, the Ryu-Takayanagi formula and the negativity of tripartite information are obeyed exactly in many cases. That bulk logical operators can be represented on multiple boundary regions mimics the Rindlerwedge reconstruction of boundary operators from bulk operators, realizing explicitly the quantum error-correcting features of AdS/CFT recently proposed in [1].", "date": "2015-06-23", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of High Energy Physics", "volume": "2015", "number": "6", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "Art. No. 149", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150717-122900464", "issn": "1029-8479", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150717-122900464", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "David and Ellen Lee Postdoctoral Fellowship" }, { "agency": "Princeton Center for Theoretical Science" }, { "agency": "SCOAP3" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Walter-Burke-Institute-for-Theoretical-Physics" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/JHEP06(2015)149", "primary_object": { "basename": "1503.06237v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pr56h-jx184/files/1503.06237v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "art_10.1007_JHEP06_2015_149.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pr56h-jx184/files/art_10.1007_JHEP06_2015_149.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Pastawski, Fernando; Yoshida, Beni; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c3aqr-kaz15", "eprint_id": 56774, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:10:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:48:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Landon-Cardinal-O", "name": { "family": "Landon-Cardinal", "given": "Olivier" } }, { "id": "Yoshida-Beni", "name": { "family": "Yoshida", "given": "Beni" } }, { "id": "Poulin-D", "name": { "family": "Poulin", "given": "David" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Perturbative instability of quantum memory based on effective long-range interactions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2015 American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 19 January 2015; published 10 March 2015. \n\nWe thank Jeongwan Haah, Michael J. Kastoryano, Daniel Loss, Kamil Michnicki, Fernando Pastawski, Fabio Pedrocchi, and Kristan Temme for helpful discussions. B.Y. is supported by the David and Ellen Lee Postdoctoral fellowship. O.L.C. is partially supported by Fonds de Recherche Qu\u00e9bec-Nature et Technologies. D.P. is partially supported by Canada's NSERC and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. This work was supported in part by NSA/ARO Grant No. W911NF-09-1-0442, and AFOSR/DARPA Grant No. FA8750-12-2-0308. We also acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (NSF Grants No. PHY-0803371 and No. PHY-1125565). Part of this work was done while D.P. was visiting IQIM.\n\nPublished - PhysRevA.91.032303.pdf
Submitted - 1501.04112.pdf
", "abstract": "A two-dimensional topologically ordered quantum memory is well protected against error if the energy gap is large compared to the temperature, but this protection does not improve as the system size increases. We review and critique some recent proposals for improving the memory time by introducing long-range interactions among anyons, noting that instability with respect to small local perturbations of the Hamiltonian is a generic problem for such proposals. We also discuss some broader issues regarding the prospects for scalable quantum memory in two-dimensional systems.", "date": "2015-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "91", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 032303", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150420-105848086", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150420-105848086", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "David and Ellen Lee Postdoctoral Fellowship" }, { "agency": "Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9be-Nature et technologies (FRQ-NT)" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" }, { "agency": "Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)", "grant_number": "FA8750-12-2-0308" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1125565" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.91.032303", "primary_object": { "basename": "1501.04112.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c3aqr-kaz15/files/1501.04112.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevA.91.032303.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c3aqr-kaz15/files/PhysRevA.91.032303.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Landon-Cardinal, Olivier; Yoshida, Beni; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/37esa-c5164", "eprint_id": 32398, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-23 17:52:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:47:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jordan-S-P", "name": { "family": "Jordan", "given": "Stephen P." } }, { "id": "Lee-K-S-M", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Keith S. M." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Quantum Computation of Scattering in Scalar Quantum Field Theories", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "quantum algorithm, simulation, quantum field theory", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Rinton Press.\n\nReceived November 30, 2012;\nRevised January 17, 2014.\n\nWe thank Alexey Gorshkov for helpful discussions. This work was\nsupported by NSF grant PHY-0803371, DOE grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and NSA/ARO\ngrant W911NF-09-1-0442. Much of this work was done while S.J. was at the Institute for\nQuantum Information (IQI), Caltech, supported by the Sherman Fairchild Foundation. K.L.\nwas supported in part by NSF grant PHY-0854782. He is grateful for the hospitality of the\nIQI, Caltech, during parts of this work.\n\nSubmitted - 1112.4833v1.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantum field theory provides the framework for the most fundamental physical theories to be confirmed experimentally, and has enabled predictions of unprecedented precision. However, calculations of physical observables often require great computational complexity and can generally be performed only when the interaction strength is weak. A full understanding of the foundations and rich consequences of quantum field theory remains an outstanding challenge. We develop a quantum algorithm to compute relativistic scattering amplitudes in massive phi-fourth theory in spacetime of four and fewer dimensions. The algorithm runs in a time that is polynomial in the number of particles, their energy, and the desired precision, and applies at both weak and strong coupling. Thus, it offers exponential speedup over existing classical methods at high precision or strong coupling.", "date": "2014-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Quantum Information and Computation", "volume": "14", "number": "11-12", "publisher": "Rinton Press", "pagerange": "1014-1080", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120712-151413773", "issn": "1533-7146", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120712-151413773", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "NSA/ARO", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "Sherman Fairchild Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0854782" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1112.4833", "primary_object": { "basename": "1112.4833v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/37esa-c5164/files/1112.4833v1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Jordan, Stephen P.; Lee, Keith S. M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ggp7c-krz41", "eprint_id": 46212, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:36:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 19:35:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lloyd-S", "name": { "family": "Lloyd", "given": "Seth" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Unitarity of black hole evaporation in final-state projection models", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Black Holes, Spacetime Singularities", "note": "\u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published for SISSA by Springer. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. \n\nArticle funded by SCOAP3. \n\nReceived: September 25, 2013; Revised: July 11, 2014; Accepted: July 24, 2014; Published: August 21, 2014. \n\nWe gratefully acknowledge very valuable discussions with Alexei Kitaev. SL thanks Max\nTegmark for helpful discussions, and JP thanks Raphael Bousso, Daniel Harlow, Juan Maldacena, Joe Polchinski, and Douglas Stanford for inspiring discussions and correspondence\nregarding final-state projection models. JP appreciates many helpful interactions with\nother participants at the August 2013 KITP workshop \"Black Holes: Complementarity,\nFuzz, or Fire\", and we also benefited from comments on the manuscript from Don Marolf\nand Douglas Stanford. The research of SL was supported in part by DARPA, by AFOSR, by the ARO under a MURI program, and by Jeffrey Epstein. The research of JP was\nsupported in part by NSF, ARO, and DOE. The Institute for Quantum Information and\nMatter (IQIM) is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support from the Gordon and\nBetty Moore Foundation.\n\nPublished - art_10.1007_JHEP08_2014_126.pdf
Submitted - Preskill9v2.pdf
", "abstract": "Almheiri et al. have emphasized that otherwise reasonable beliefs about black hole evaporation are incompatible with the monogamy of quantum entanglement, a general property of quantum mechanics. We investigate the final-state projection model of black hole evaporation proposed by Horowitz and Maldacena, pointing out that this model admits cloning of quantum states and polygamous entanglement, allowing unitarity of the evaporation process to be reconciled with smoothness of the black hole event horizon. Though the model seems to require carefully tuned dynamics to ensure exact unitarity of the black hole S-matrix, for a generic final-state boundary condition the deviations from unitarity are exponentially small in the black hole entropy; furthermore observers inside black holes need not detect any deviations from standard quantum mechanics. Though measurements performed inside old black holes could potentially produce causality-violating phenomena, the computational complexity of decoding the Hawking radiation may render the causality violation unobservable. Final-state projection models illustrate how inviolable principles of standard quantum mechanics might be circumvented in a theory of quantum gravity.", "date": "2014-08-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of High Energy Physics", "volume": "2014", "number": "8", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "Art. No. 126", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140611-133437673", "issn": "1126-6708", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140611-133437673", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "Jeffrey Epstein" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "68-2856", "name": "CALT" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Caltech-Theory" }, { "id": "IQIM" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/JHEP08(2014)126", "primary_object": { "basename": "Preskill9v2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ggp7c-krz41/files/Preskill9v2.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "art_10.1007_JHEP08_2014_126.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ggp7c-krz41/files/art_10.1007_JHEP08_2014_126.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Lloyd, Seth and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bfj53-0nd11", "eprint_id": 42765, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:39:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 23:00:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Can We Exploit the Weirdness of Quantum Mechanics?", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "Copyright Institute of Physics (the \"Institute\") and IOP Publishing 2013.", "abstract": "Quantum theory is over a century old, yet physicists continue to be perplexed and delighted by the weirdness of the quantum world. Whereas the laws of classical physics successfully explain the phenomena we experience every day, atoms and other tiny objects obey quantum laws that sometimes seem to defy common sense, baffling our feeble human minds. In the 21st century, we hope to put this weirdness to work by building quantum computers capable of performing amazing tasks.", "date": "2013-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physics World", "volume": "26", "number": "10", "publisher": "IOP", "pagerange": "45-46", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131202-091656426", "issn": "0953-8585", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131202-091656426", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v84kc-nd242", "eprint_id": 38982, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:53:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 14:55:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Brooks-P", "name": { "family": "Brooks", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "Kitaev-A", "name": { "family": "Kitaev", "given": "Alexei" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Protected gates for superconducting qubits", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Physical Society\nReceived 21 February 2013; published 6 May 2013.\nWe thank David DiVincenzo for helpful discussions. This\nwork was supported in part by the Intelligence Advanced\nResearch Projects Activity (IARPA) via Department of Interior\nNational Business Center Contract No. D11PC20165. The US\ngovernment is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints\nfor governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright\nannotation thereon. The views and conclusions contained\nherein are those of the author and should not be interpreted\nas necessarily representing the official policies or\nendorsements, either expressed or implied, of Intelligence\nAdvanced Research Projects Activity, DoINBC, or the US\ngovernment. We also acknowledge support from National\nScience Foundation (NSF) Grant No. PHY-0803371, Department\nof Energy Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and\nNational Security Agency/Army Research Office Grant No.\nW911NF-09-1-0442. The Institute for Quantum Information\nand Matter (IQIM) is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with\nsupport from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.\n\nPublished - PhysRevA.87.052306.pdf
Submitted - 1302.4122v1.pdf
", "abstract": "We analyze the accuracy of quantum phase gates acting on \"0-\u03c0 qubits\" in superconducting circuits, where the gates are protected against thermal and Hamiltonian noise by continuous-variable quantum error-correcting codes. The gates are executed by turning on and off a tunable Josephson coupling between an LC oscillator and a qubit or pair of qubits; assuming perfect qubits, we show that the gate errors are exponentially small when the oscillator's impedance \u221aL/C is large compared to \u210f/4e^2\u22481 k\u03a9. The protected gates are not computationally universal by themselves, but a scheme for universal fault-tolerant quantum computation can be constructed by combining them with unprotected noisy operations. We validate our analytic arguments with numerical simulations.", "date": "2013-05-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "87", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 052306", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130619-094717394", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130619-094717394", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)" }, { "agency": "Department of Interior National Business Center", "grant_number": "D11PC20165" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency (NSA)/Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.87.052306", "primary_object": { "basename": "1302.4122v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v84kc-nd242/files/1302.4122v1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PhysRevA.87.052306.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v84kc-nd242/files/PhysRevA.87.052306.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Brooks, Peter; Kitaev, Alexei; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rc7d1-d8473", "eprint_id": 37606, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:40:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:50:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Napp-J", "name": { "family": "Napp", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Optimal Bacon-Shor codes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Quantum error correction", "note": "\u00a9 2013 Rinton Press.\n\nReceived September 6, 2012.\nRevised December 21, 2012.\n\nWe thank Peter Brooks and Franz Sauer for valuable discussions. This work was supported\nin part by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) via Department of\nInterior National Business Center contract number D11PC20165. The U.S. Government is\nauthorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding\nany copyright annotation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of\nthe author and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or\nendorsements, either expressed or implied, of IARPA, DoI/NBC or the U.S. Government. We\nalso acknowledge support from NSF grant PHY-0803371, DOE grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701,\nNSA/ARO grant W911NF-09-1-0442, Caltech's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship\n(SURF) program, and the Victor Neher SURF Endowment. The Institute for Quantum\nInformation and Matter (IQIM) is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support from the\nGordon and Betty Moore Foundation.\n\nPublished - 0490-0510.pdf
Submitted - Optimal_baon.pdf
", "abstract": "We study the performance of Bacon-Shor codes, quantum subsystem codes which are well\nsuited for applications to fault-tolerant quantum memory because the error syndrome\ncan be extracted by performing two-qubit measurements. Assuming independent noise,\nwe find the optimal block size in terms of the bit-flip error probability pX and the\nphase error probability pZ, and determine how the probability of a logical error depends\non pX and pZ. We show that a single Bacon-Shor code block, used by itself without\nconcatenation, can provide very effective protection against logical errors if the noise is\nhighly biased (pZ/pX \u226b1) and the physical error rate pZ is a few percent or below. We\nalso derive an upper bound on the logical error rate for the case where the syndrome\ndata is noisy.", "date": "2013-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Quantum Information and Computation", "volume": "13", "number": "5-6", "publisher": "Rinton Press", "pagerange": "490-510", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130325-085516990", "issn": "1533-7146", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130325-085516990", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)" }, { "agency": "Department of Interior National Business Center", "grant_number": "D11PC20165" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency (NSA)/Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program" }, { "agency": "Victor Neher SURF Endowment" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1209.0794v1", "primary_object": { "basename": "0490-0510.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rc7d1-d8473/files/0490-0510.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Optimal_baon.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rc7d1-d8473/files/Optimal_baon.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Napp, John and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/df89q-m2812", "eprint_id": 37757, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:00:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 18:01:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Brooks-P", "name": { "family": "Brooks", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Fault-tolerant quantum computation with asymmetric Bacon-Shor codes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Physical Society.\nReceived 9 November 2012; published 7 March 2013.\n\nThis work was supported in part by the Intelligence Advanced\nResearch Projects Activity (IARPA) via Department of\nInterior National Business Center Contract No. D11PC20165.\nThe US Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute\nreprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright\nannotation thereon. The views and conclusions contained\nherein are those of the author and should not be interpreted as\nnecessarily representing the official policies or endorsements,\neither expressed or implied, of IARPA, DoI/NBC, or the US\nGovernment. We also acknowledge support from NSF Grant\nNo. PHY-0803371, DOE Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701,\nand NSA/ARO Grant No. W911NF-09-1-0442. The Institute\nfor Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM) is anNSF Physics\nFrontiers Center with support from the Gordon and Betty\nMoore Foundation.\n\nPublished - PhysRevA.87.032310.pdf
", "abstract": "We develop a scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation based on asymmetric Bacon-Shor codes, which works effectively against highly biased noise dominated by dephasing. We find the optimal Bacon-Shor block size as a function of the noise strength and the noise bias, and estimate the logical error rate and overhead cost achieved by this optimal code. Our fault-tolerant gadgets, based on gate teleportation, are well suited for hardware platforms with geometrically local gates in two dimensions.", "date": "2013-03-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "87", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 032310", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130404-091531009", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130404-091531009", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)" }, { "agency": "Department of Interior National Business Center", "grant_number": "D11PC20165" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency (NSA)/Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032310", "primary_object": { "basename": "PhysRevA.87.032310.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/df89q-m2812/files/PhysRevA.87.032310.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Brooks, Peter and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y7cnh-sbx82", "eprint_id": 37600, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:46:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:50:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Sufficient condition on noise correlations for scalable quantum computing", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Quantum error correction; fault tolerance; accuracy threshold", "note": "\u00a9 2012 Rinton Press.\n\nReceived August 2, 2012;\nRevised November 11, 2012.\n\nCommunicated by: I Cirac & B Terhal.\n\nI thank Dick Lipton and Ken Regan for allowing me to post a link to a preliminary account\nof this work on their blog G\u00f6del's Lost Letter, and I thank the many readers who posted\nuseful comments on the blog, especially Robert Alicki, Joe Fitzsimons, Aram Harrow, Gil\nKalai, and John Sidles. I also thank Peter Brooks, Michael Beverland, Daniel Lidar, and\nGerardo Paz-Silva for discussions. This work was supported in part by the Intelligence Advanced\nResearch Projects Activity (IARPA) via Department of Interior National Business\nCenter contract number D11PC20165. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce\nand distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright annotation\nthereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the author and should not be\ninterpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed\nor implied, of IARPA, DoI/NBC or the U.S. Government. I also acknowledge support from\nNSF grant PHY-0803371, DOE grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and NSA/ARO grant W911NF-\n09-1-0442. The Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM) is an NSF Physics\nFrontiers Center with support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.\n\nSubmitted - 1207.6131v1.pdf
", "abstract": "I study the effectiveness of fault-tolerant quantum computation against correlated Hamiltonian noise, and derive a sufficient condition for scalability. Arbitrarily long quantum\ncomputations can be executed reliably provided that noise terms acting collectively on k\nsystem qubits are sufficiently weak, and decay sufficiently rapidly with increasing k and\nwith increasing spatial separation of the qubits.", "date": "2013-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Quantum Information and Computation", "volume": "13", "number": "3-4", "publisher": "Rinton Press", "pagerange": "0181-0194", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130321-160602027", "issn": "1533-7146", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130321-160602027", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA)" }, { "agency": "Department of Interior National Business Center", "grant_number": "D11PC20165" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency (NSA)/Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF Physics Frontiers Center" }, { "agency": "Institute for Quantum Information and Matter (IQIM)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1207.6131", "primary_object": { "basename": "1207.6131v1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y7cnh-sbx82/files/1207.6131v1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h4jha-99x39", "eprint_id": 34880, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:39:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:03:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Haah-J", "name": { "family": "Haah", "given": "Jeongwan" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Logical-operator tradeoff for local quantum codes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2012 American Physical Society.\nReceived 5 July 2012; published 7 September 2012.\nWe are grateful to Salman Beigi, Alexei Kitaev, Robert\nK\u00f6nig, Olivier Landon-Cardinal, and Norbert Schuch for\nhelpful discussions, and we especially thank David Poulin for useful comments on the manuscript. This research was supported in part by NSF under Grant No. PHY-0803371, by DOE\nunder Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, by NSA/ARO under\nGrant No. W911NF-09-1-0442, and by the Korea Foundation\nfor Advanced Studies. The Institute for Quantum Information\nand Matter (IQIM) is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with\nsupport from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.\n\nPublished - PhysRevA.86.032308.pdf
", "abstract": "We study the structure of logical operators in local D-dimensional quantum codes, considering both subsystem\ncodes with geometrically local gauge generators and codes defined by geometrically local commuting projectors.\nWe show that if the code distance is d, then any logical operator can be supported on a set of specified geometry\ncontaining \u02dcd qubits, where \u02dcdd^(1/(D\u22121)) = O(n) and n is the code length. Our results place limitations on partially\nself-correcting quantum memories, in which at least some logical operators are protected by energy barriers that\ngrow with system size. We also show that for any two-dimensional local commuting projector code there is a\nnontrivial logical \"string\" operator supported on a narrow strip, where the operator is only slightly entangling\nacross any cut through the strip.", "date": "2012-09-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "86", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art No. 032308", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20121012-142001671", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121012-142001671", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency (NSA)/Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "Korea Foundation for Advanced Studies" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.86.032308", "primary_object": { "basename": "PhysRevA.86.032308.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h4jha-99x39/files/PhysRevA.86.032308.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Haah, Jeongwan and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y2zas-wkj03", "eprint_id": 31598, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:15:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 18:42:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jordan-S-P", "name": { "family": "Jordan", "given": "Stephen P." } }, { "id": "Lee-K-S-M", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Keith S. M." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Quantum Algorithms for Quantum Field Theories", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2012 American Association for the Advancement of Science.\nReceived 24 November 2011; accepted 5 April 2012.\n\nWe thank Alexey Gorshkov for helpful discussions. This work was supported by NSF grant\nPHY-0803371, DOE grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and NSA/ARO grant W911NF-09-1-0442. Much of this work was done while S.J. was at the Institute for Quantum Information\n(IQI), Caltech, supported by the Sherman Fairchild Foundation. K.L. was supported in part\nby NSF grant PHY-0854782. He is grateful for the hospitality of the IQI, Caltech, during\nparts of this work.\n\nSubmitted - Jordan.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantum field theory reconciles quantum mechanics and special relativity,\nand plays a central role in many areas of physics. We develop a quantum\nalgorithm to compute relativistic scattering probabilities in a massive quantum\nfield theory with quartic self-interactions (\u03c6^4 theory) in spacetime of four\nand fewer dimensions. Its run time is polynomial in the number of particles,\ntheir energy, and the desired precision, and applies at both weak and strong\ncoupling. In the strong-coupling and high-precision regimes, our quantum\nalgorithm achieves exponential speedup over the fastest known classical algorithm.", "date": "2012-06-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "336", "number": "6085", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "1130-1133", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120522-122303309", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120522-122303309", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency (NSA)/Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "Sherman Fairchild Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0854782" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.1217069", "primary_object": { "basename": "Jordan.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y2zas-wkj03/files/Jordan.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Jordan, Stephen P.; Lee, Keith S. M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/smghm-x7a39", "eprint_id": 24433, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:25:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:42:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ng-H-K", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Hui Khoon" } }, { "id": "Lidar-D-A", "name": { "family": "Lidar", "given": "Daniel A." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Combining dynamical decoupling with fault-tolerant quantum computation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2011 American Physical Society.\n\nReceived 1 April 2011; published 5 July 2011.\n\nResearch of H.K.N. and J.P. is supported by NSF under\nGrant No. PHY-0803371. J.P.'s research is also supported\nby the DOE under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and\nby NSA/ARO under Grant No. W911NF-09-1-0442. D.A.L.\nthanks the Institute for Quantum Information at Caltech, where\nthis work was done, and acknowledges funding from the US\nDepartment of Defense, Grants No. NSF PHY-803304, No.\nNSF PHY-802678, and No. NSF CCF-726439. We thank Kurt\nLitsch for doing a numerical analysis of the recursion relations\nin Sec. VIIIA and for suggesting ways to improve some of our\narguments.\n\nPublished - Ng2011p14796Phys_Rev_A.pdf
", "abstract": "We study how dynamical decoupling (DD) pulse sequences can improve the reliability of quantum computers. We prove upper bounds on the accuracy of DD-protected quantum gates and derive sufficient conditions for DD-protected gates to outperform unprotected gates. Under suitable conditions, fault-tolerant quantum circuits constructed from DD-protected gates can tolerate stronger noise and have a lower overhead cost than fault-tolerant circuits constructed from unprotected gates. Our accuracy estimates depend on the dynamics of the bath that couples to the quantum computer and can be expressed either in terms of the operator norm of the bath's Hamiltonian or in terms of the power spectrum of bath correlations; we explain in particular how the performance of recursively generated concatenated pulse sequences can be analyzed from either viewpoint. Our results apply to Hamiltonian noise models with limited spatial correlations.", "date": "2011-07-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "84", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 012305", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110715-131156639", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110715-131156639", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "NSA/ARO", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" }, { "agency": "Department of Defense (DOD)", "grant_number": "NSF PHY-803304" }, { "agency": "Department of Defense (DOD)", "grant_number": "NSF PHY-802678" }, { "agency": "Department of Defense (DOD)", "grant_number": "NSF CCF-726439" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.84.012305", "primary_object": { "basename": "Ng2011p14796Phys_Rev_A.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/smghm-x7a39/files/Ng2011p14796Phys_Rev_A.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Ng, Hui Khoon; Lidar, Daniel A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dvp5g-dfc28", "eprint_id": 23378, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:57:24", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:03:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jiang-Liang", "name": { "family": "Jiang", "given": "Liang" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0000-9342" }, { "id": "Kane-C-L", "name": { "family": "Kane", "given": "Charles L." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Interface between Topological and Superconducting Qubits", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2011 American Physical Society.\nReceived 29 October 2010; published 28 March 2011.\nWe are especially indebted to Mikhail Lukin for inspiring\ndiscussions. We also thank Anton Akhmerov, Jason\nAlicea, Erez Berg, David DiVincenzo, Garry Goldstein,\nNetanel Lindner, and Gil Refael for helpful comments.\nThis work was supported by the Sherman Fairchild\nFoundation, by NSF Grants No. DMR-0906175 and\nNo. PHY-0803371, by DOE Grant No. DE-FG03-92-\nER40701, and by NSA/ARO Grant No. W911NF-09-\n1-0442.\n\nPublished - Jiang2011p13448Phys_Rev_Lett.pdf
", "abstract": "We propose and analyze an interface between a topological qubit and a superconducting flux qubit. In our scheme, the interaction between Majorana fermions in a topological insulator is coherently controlled by a superconducting phase that depends on the quantum state of the flux qubit. A controlled-phase gate, achieved by pulsing this interaction on and off, can transfer quantum information between the topological qubit and the superconducting qubit.", "date": "2011-03-28", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "106", "number": "13", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 130504", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110419-095245511", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110419-095245511", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Sherman Fairchild Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-0906175" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0803371" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "W911NF-09-1-0442" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "IQIM" }, { "id": "Caltech-Theory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.130504", "primary_object": { "basename": "Jiang2011p13448Phys_Rev_Lett.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dvp5g-dfc28/files/Jiang2011p13448Phys_Rev_Lett.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Jiang, Liang; Kane, Charles L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/byys8-9ky04", "eprint_id": 14700, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 20:55:04", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:43:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ng-H-K", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Hui Khoon" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Fault-tolerant quantum computation versus Gaussian noise", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "fault tolerant computing; Gaussian noise; Markov processes; quantum computing; quantum noise", "note": "\u00a9 2009 The American Physical Society.\nReceived 28 October 2008; published 16 March 2009.\nWe thank Panos Aliferis, Matt Hastings, Alexei Kitaev,\nEduardo Novais, and Gil Refael for useful discussions. This\nresearch is supported in part by DOE under Grant No. DEFG03-\n92-ER40701, NSF under Grant No. PHY-0456720,\nNSA under ARO Contract No. W911NF-05-1-0294, and by\nthe Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.\nPACS number(s): 03.67.Pp, 03.67.Lx.\n\nPublished - Ng2009p1652Phys_Rev_A.pdf
", "abstract": "We study the robustness of a fault-tolerant quantum computer subject to Gaussian non-Markovian quantum noise, and we show that scalable quantum computation is possible if the noise power spectrum satisfies an appropriate \"threshold condition.\" Our condition is less sensitive to very-high-frequency noise than previously derived threshold conditions for non-Markovian noise.", "date": "2009-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "79", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "032318", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090728-112832875", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090728-112832875", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0456720" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office", "grant_number": "W911NF-05-1-0294" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.79.032318", "primary_object": { "basename": "Ng2009p1652Phys_Rev_A.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/byys8-9ky04/files/Ng2009p1652Phys_Rev_A.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Ng, Hui Khoon and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bjjjz-zcp08", "eprint_id": 13586, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:35:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 00:00:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Aliferis-P", "name": { "family": "Aliferis", "given": "P." } }, { "id": "Brito-F", "name": { "family": "Brito", "given": "F." } }, { "id": "DiVincenzo-D-P", "name": { "family": "DiVincenzo", "given": "D. P." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Steffen-M", "name": { "family": "Steffen", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Terhal-B-M", "name": { "family": "Terhal", "given": "B. M." } } ] }, "title": "Fault-tolerant computing with biased-noise superconducting qubits: a case study", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft\n\nDDV and BMT have been partly supported by IARPA under ARO contract no. W911NF-04-C-0098. JP is supported in part by DoE under grant no. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, NSF under grant no. PHY-0456720 and NSA under ARO contract no. W911NF-05-1-0294.\n\nPublished - ALInjp09.pdf
", "abstract": "We present a universal scheme of pulsed operations suitable for the IBM oscillator-stabilized flux qubit comprising the controlled-sigma(z) (CPHASE) gate, single-qubit preparations and measurements. Based on numerical simulations, we argue that the error rates for these operations can be as low as about 0.5% and that noise is highly biased, with phase errors being stronger than all other types of errors by a factor of nearly 10^3. In contrast, the design of a controlled \u03c3(x) (CNOT) gate for this system with an error rate of less than about 1.2% seems extremely challenging. We propose a special encoding that exploits the noise bias allowing us to implement a logical CNOT gate where phase errors and all other types of errors have nearly balanced rates of about 0.4%. Our results illustrate how the design of an encoding scheme can be adjusted and optimized according to the available physical operations and the particular noise characteristics of experimental devices.", "date": "2009-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "New Journal of Physics", "volume": "11", "publisher": "IOP", "pagerange": "013061", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:ALInjp09", "issn": "1367-2630", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ALInjp09", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity", "grant_number": "W911NF-04-C-0098" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0456720" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency", "grant_number": "W911NF-05-1-0294" } ] }, "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/11/1/013061", "primary_object": { "basename": "ALInjp09.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bjjjz-zcp08/files/ALInjp09.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Aliferis, P.; Brito, F.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9mb0w-ptf96", "eprint_id": 13166, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:34:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 22:45:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Aliferis-P", "name": { "family": "Aliferis", "given": "Panos" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Fibonacci scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Bell theorem, fault tolerant computing, Fibonacci sequences, quantum computing, quantum noise", "note": "\u00a9 2009 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 30 September 2008; published 30 January 2009. \n\nWe are grateful to Daniel Gottesman, David DiVincenzo, and Barbara Terhal for helpful discussions and comments. This research is supported in part by DOE under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, NSF under Grant No. PHY-0456720, and NSA under ARO Contract No. W911NF-05-1-0294.\n\nPublished - ALIpra09.pdf
", "abstract": "We rigorously analyze Knill's Fibonacci scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation, which is based on the recursive preparation of Bell states protected by a concatenated error-detecting code. We prove lower bounds on the threshold fault rate of 0.67\u00d710^\u22123 for adversarial local stochastic noise, and 1.25\u00d710^\u22123 for independent depolarizing noise. In contrast to other schemes with comparable proved accuracy thresholds, the Fibonacci scheme has a significantly reduced overhead cost because it uses postselection far more sparingly.", "date": "2009-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "79", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "012332", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:ALIpra09", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ALIpra09", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "National Science Foundation", "grant_number": "PHY-0456720" }, { "agency": "National Security Agency" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office", "grant_number": "W911NF-05-1-0294" } ] }, "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.79.012332", "primary_object": { "basename": "ALIpra09.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9mb0w-ptf96/files/ALIpra09.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Aliferis, Panos and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mc8s7-y9s52", "eprint_id": 12417, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 13:27:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 16:58:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Aliferis-P", "name": { "family": "Aliferis", "given": "Panos" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Fault-tolerant quantum computation against biased noise", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "quantum gates; quantum noise", "note": "\u00a9 2008 The American Physical Society. \n\n(Received 29 September 2008; published 19 November 2008) \n\nWe thank David DiVincenzo, Daniel Gottesman, and Gabriel Mendoza for useful discussions. This research is supported in part by DOE under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, NSF under Grant No. PHY-0456720, and NSA under ARO Contract No. W911NF-05-1-0294.\n\nPublished - ALIpra08.pdf
", "abstract": "We formulate a scheme for fault-tolerant quantum computation that works effectively against highly biased noise, where dephasing is far stronger than all other types of noise. In our scheme, the fundamental operations performed by the quantum computer are single-qubit preparations, single-qubit measurements, and conditional-phase (CPHASE) gates, where the noise in the CPHASE gates is biased. We show that the accuracy threshold for quantum computation can be improved by exploiting this noise asymmetry; e.g., if dephasing dominates all other types of noise in the CPHASE gates by four orders of magnitude, we find a rigorous lower bound on the accuracy threshold higher by a factor of 5 than for the case of unbiased noise.", "date": "2008-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "78", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 052331", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:ALIpra08", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ALIpra08", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "National Science Foundation", "grant_number": "PHY-0456720" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office", "grant_number": "W911NF-05-1-0294" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.78.052331", "primary_object": { "basename": "ALIpra08.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mc8s7-y9s52/files/ALIpra08.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Aliferis, Panos and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xz5az-sy825", "eprint_id": 8991, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:55:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:51:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hayden-P", "name": { "family": "Hayden", "given": "Patrick" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Black holes as mirrors: quantum information in random subsystems", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Random Systems, Black Holes", "note": "\u00a9 2007 SISSA. \n\nReceived 31 August 2007, accepted for publication 19 September 2007. Published 26 September 2007. \n\nWe are grateful for the hospitality of the Perimeter Institute, where we had the good fortune to share an office, and JP thanks PH for letting him use the comfortable chair. We also thank Ashton Anderson, Hilary Carteret, Daniel Gottesman, Dennis Kretschmann, Seth Lloyd, Prakash Panangaden, David Poulin, Renato Renner, Lenny Susskind, Kip Thorne, Bill Unruh, Andreas Winter, Jon Yard, and the participants in the 2007 McGill-Bellairs Quantum Information Workshop for helpful suggestions. This research is supported in part by the Canada Research Chairs program, the Sloan Foundation, CIFAR, FQRNT, MITACS, NSERC, DoE under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, NSF under Grant No. PHY-0456720, and NSA under ARO Contract No. W911NF-05-1-0294. \n\nPreprint http://arxiv.org/abs/0708.4025", "abstract": "We study information retrieval from evaporating black holes, assuming that the internal dynamics of a black hole is unitary and rapidly mixing, and assuming that the retriever has unlimited control over the emitted Hawking radiation. If the evaporation of the black hole has already proceeded past the ``half-way'' point, where half of the initial entropy has been radiated away, then additional quantum information deposited in the black hole is revealed in the Hawking radiation very rapidly. Information deposited prior to the half-way point remains concealed until the half-way point, and then emerges quickly. These conclusions hold because typical local quantum circuits are efficient encoders for quantum error-correcting codes that nearly achieve the capacity of the quantum erasure channel. Our estimate of a black hole's information retention time, based on speculative dynamical assumptions, is just barely compatible with the black hole complementarity hypothesis.", "date": "2007-09-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of High Energy Physics", "volume": "2007", "number": "09", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "Art. No. 120", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:HAYjhep07", "issn": "1126-6708", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HAYjhep07", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1088/1126-6708/2007/09/120", "primary_object": { "basename": "HAYjhep07.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xz5az-sy825/files/HAYjhep07.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Hayden, Patrick and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bs5y2-6qt49", "eprint_id": 3504, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:24:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 15:57:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kitaev-A", "name": { "family": "Kitaev", "given": "Alexei" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Topological Entanglement Entropy", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "quantum entanglement; quantum field theory; ground states; entropy; many-body problems; fermion systems", "note": "\u00a92006 The American Physical Society \n\n(Received 13 October 2005; published 24 March 2006) \n\nWe thank Anton Kapustin for discussions. This work has been supported in part by: the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0456720, the Army Research Office under Grants No. W911NF-04-1-0236 and No. W911NF-05-1-0294, and the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374.", "abstract": "We formulate a universal characterization of the many-particle quantum entanglement in the ground state of a topologically ordered two-dimensional medium with a mass gap. We consider a disk in the plane, with a smooth boundary of length L, large compared to the correlation length. In the ground state, by tracing out all degrees of freedom in the exterior of the disk, we obtain a marginal density operator rho for the degrees of freedom in the interior. The von Neumann entropy of rho, a measure of the entanglement of the interior and exterior variables, has the form S(rho)=alphaL-gamma+[centered ellipsis], where the ellipsis represents terms that vanish in the limit L-->[infinity]. We show that -gamma is a universal constant characterizing a global feature of the entanglement in the ground state. Using topological quantum field theory methods, we derive a formula for gamma in terms of properties of the superselection sectors of the medium.", "date": "2006-03-24", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "96", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 110404", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:KITprl06", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KITprl06", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.110404", "primary_object": { "basename": "KITprl06.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bs5y2-6qt49/files/KITprl06.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Kitaev, Alexei and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3y99p-gqe61", "eprint_id": 3140, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:08:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 15:39:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Aharonov-D", "name": { "family": "Aharonov", "given": "Dorit" } }, { "id": "Kitaev-A", "name": { "family": "Kitaev", "given": "Alexei" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation with Long-Range Correlated Noise", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "quantum computing; quantum noise; fault tolerant computing", "note": "\u00a92006 The American Physical Society \n\n(Received 31 October 2005; published 7 February 2006) \n\nWe thank Daniel Gottesman for helpful comments. This work has been supported in part by DOE under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, NSF under Grant No. PHY-0456720, ARO under Grants No. W911NF-04-1-0236, No. W911NF-05-1-0294, and No. DAAD19-00-1-0374, ISF under Grants No. 032-9739 and No. 039-7549, the U.S. Army under Grant No. 030-7657, and the Council of Higher Education in Israel under Grant No. 033-7233.", "abstract": "We prove a new version of the quantum accuracy threshold theorem that applies to non-Markovian noise with algebraically decaying spatial correlations. We consider noise in a quantum computer arising from a perturbation that acts collectively on pairs of qubits and on the environment, and we show that an arbitrarily long quantum computation can be executed with high reliability in D spatial dimensions, if the perturbation is sufficiently weak and decays with the distance r between the qubits faster than 1/r^D.", "date": "2006-02-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "96", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 050504", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:AHAprl06", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:AHAprl06", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.050504", "primary_object": { "basename": "AHAprl06.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3y99p-gqe61/files/AHAprl06.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Aharonov, Dorit; Kitaev, Alexei; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ym8rj-ydt09", "eprint_id": 3505, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:54:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 15:57:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kitaev-A", "name": { "family": "Kitaev", "given": "Alexei" } }, { "id": "Mayers-D", "name": { "family": "Mayers", "given": "Dominic" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Superselection rules and quantum protocols", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "quantum cryptography; information theory; security of data; protocols; quantum computing", "note": "\u00a92004 The American Physical Society \n\n(Received 19 October 2003; published 21 May 2004) \n\nWe thank Stephen Bartlett, Michael Ben-Or, and Sandu Popescu for discussions. This work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DEFG03-92-ER40701, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EIA-0086038, and by the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374.", "abstract": "We show that superselection rules do not enhance the information-theoretic security of quantum cryptographic protocols. Our analysis employs two quite different methods. The first method uses the concept of a reference system\u2014in a world subject to a superselection rule, unrestricted operations can be simulated by parties who share access to a reference system with suitable properties. By this method, we prove that if an n-party protocol is secure in a world subject to a superselection rule, then the security is maintained even if the superselection rule is relaxed. However, the proof applies only to a limited class of superselection rules, those in which the superselection sectors are labeled by unitary irreducible representations of a compact symmetry group. The second method uses the concept of the format of a message sent between parties\u2014by verifying the format, the recipient of a message can check whether the message could have been sent by a party who performed charge-conserving operations. By this method, we prove that protocols subject to general superselection rules (including those pertaining to non-Abelian anyons in two dimensions) are no more secure than protocols in the unrestricted world. However, the proof applies only to two-party protocols. Our results show in particular that, if no assumptions are made about the computational power of the cheater, then secure quantum bit commitment and strong quantum coin flipping with arbitrarily small bias are impossible in a world subject to superselection rules.", "date": "2004-05-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "69", "number": "5", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "pagerange": "Art2. No. 052326", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:KITpra04", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KITpra04", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.69.052326", "primary_object": { "basename": "KITpra04.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ym8rj-ydt09/files/KITpra04.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Kitaev, Alexei; Mayers, Dominic; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0hw5g-z0t77", "eprint_id": 3656, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:39:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:05:08", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gottesman-D", "name": { "family": "Gottesman", "given": "Daniel" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Comment on \"The black hole final state\"", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "black holes in string theory; black holes", "note": "Copyright \u00a9 SISSA 2004. \n\nReceived 5 March 2004, accepted for publication 8 March 2004. Published 10 March 2004. \n\nWe are grateful to Ben Schumacher and Charles Bennett for telling us about their work on \"conditional quantum time travel.\" We also thank Dave Bacon, Patrick Hayden, Gary Horowitz, and Juan Maldacena for helpful discussions and correspondence. This work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EIA-0086038, and by the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374.", "abstract": "Horowitz and Maldacena have suggested that the unitarity of the black hole S-matrix can be reconciled with Hawking's semiclassical arguments if a final-state boundary condition is imposed at the spacelike singularity inside the black hole. We point out that, in this scenario, departures from unitarity can arise due to interactions between the collapsing body and the infalling Hawking radiation inside the event horizon. The amount of information lost when a black hole evaporates depends on the extent to which these interactions are entangling.", "date": "2004-03-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of High Energy Physics", "volume": "2004", "number": "3", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "Art. No. 026", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:GOTjhep04", "issn": "1126-6708", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:GOTjhep04", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1088/1126-6708/2004/03/026", "primary_object": { "basename": "GOTjhep04.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0hw5g-z0t77/files/GOTjhep04.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Gottesman, Daniel and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/meg81-qbx38", "eprint_id": 2022, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:13:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:09:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Koashi-M", "name": { "family": "Koashi", "given": "Masato" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Secure Quantum Key Distribution with an Uncharacterized Source", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "quantum cryptography; security; protocols", "note": "\u00a92003 The American Physical Society \n\n(Received 27 August 2002; published 6 February 2003) \n\nWe thank David DiVincenzo, Peter Shor, Andy Yao, and especially Daniel Gottesman and Hoi-Kwong Lo for helpful discussions. This work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EIA-0086038, and by the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374.", "abstract": "We prove the security of the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) quantum key distribution protocol for an arbitrary source whose averaged states are basis independent, a condition that is automatically satisfied if the source is suitably designed. The proof is based on the observation that, to an adversary, the key extraction process is equivalent to a measurement in the sigma-hatx basis performed on a pure sigma-hatz-basis eigenstate. The dependence of the achievable key length on the bit error rate is the same as that established by Shor and Preskill [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 441 (2000)] for a perfect source, indicating that the defects in the source are efficiently detected by the protocol.", "date": "2003-02-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "90", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 057902", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:KOAprl03", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KOAprl03", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.057902", "primary_object": { "basename": "KOAprl03.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/meg81-qbx38/files/KOAprl03.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Koashi, Masato and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4042z-r4y52", "eprint_id": 27258, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:43:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 17:00:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Chenyang", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Chenyang" } }, { "id": "Harrington-J", "name": { "family": "Harrington", "given": "Jim" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Confinement-Higgs transition in a disordered gauge theory and the accuracy threshold for quantum memory", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2002 Elsevier Science. Received 18 July 2002; Available online 8 January 2003. We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions and correspondence with John Chalker, Tom Gottschalk, Alexei Kitaev, Hidetsugu Kitatani, Andreas Ludwig, Paul McFadden, Hidetoshi Nishimori, and Frank Porter. We particularly thank Andrew Landahl, Nathan Wozny, and Zhaosheng Bao for valuable advice and assistance.\nThis work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EIA-0086038, by the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374, and by Caltech's Summer Undergraduate\nResearch Fellowship (SURF) program.\n\nSubmitted - WANaop03preprint.pdf
", "abstract": "We study the \u00b1J random-plaquette Z_2 gauge model (RPGM) in three spatial dimensions, a three-dimensional analog of the two-dimensional \u00b1J random-bond Ising model (RBIM). The model is a pure Z_2 gauge theory in which randomly chosen plaquettes (occurring with concentration p) have couplings with the \"wrong sign\" so that magnetic flux is energetically favored on these plaquettes. Excitations of the model are one-dimensional \"flux tubes\" that terminate at \"magnetic monopoles\" located inside lattice cubes that contain an odd number of wrong-sign plaquettes. Electric confinement can be driven by thermal fluctuations of the flux tubes, by the quenched background of magnetic monopoles, or by a combination of the two. Like the RBIM, the RPGM has enhanced symmetry along a \"Nishimori line\" in the p\u2013T plane (where T is the temperature). The critical concentration p_c of wrong-sign plaquettes at the confinement-Higgs phase transition along the Nishimori line can be identified with the accuracy threshold for robust storage of quantum information using topological error-correcting codes: if qubit phase errors, qubit bit-flip errors, and errors in the measurement of local check operators all occur at rates below p_c, then encoded quantum information can be protected perfectly from damage in the limit of a large code block. Through Monte-Carlo simulations, we measure p_(c0), the critical concentration along the T=0 axis (a lower bound on p_c), finding p_(c0)=.0293\u00b1.0002. We also measure the critical concentration of antiferromagnetic bonds in the two-dimensional RBIM on the T=0 axis, finding p_(c0)=.1031\u00b1.0001. Our value of p_(c0) is incompatible with the value of p_c=.1093\u00b1.0002 found in earlier numerical studies of the RBIM, in disagreement with the conjecture that the phase boundary of the RBIM is vertical (parallel to the T axis) below the Nishimori line. The model can be generalized to a rank-r antisymmetric tensor field in d dimensions, in the presence of quenched disorder.", "date": "2003-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Annals of Physics", "volume": "303", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "31-58", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20111017-135406894", "issn": "0003-4916", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111017-135406894", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EIA-0086038" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "DAAD19-00-1-0374" }, { "agency": "Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0003-4916(02)00019-2", "primary_object": { "basename": "WANaop03preprint.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4042z-r4y52/files/WANaop03preprint.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Wang, Chenyang; Harrington, Jim; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kag81-nk917", "eprint_id": 1702, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:40:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 22:57:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Dennis-E", "name": { "family": "Dennis", "given": "Eric" } }, { "id": "Kitaev-A", "name": { "family": "Kitaev", "given": "Alexei" } }, { "id": "Landahl-A", "name": { "family": "Landahl", "given": "Andrew" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Topological quantum memory", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "ERROR-CORRECTING CODES; ISING-MODEL; GROUND-STATES; 2 DIMENSIONS; COMPUTATION; GEOMETRY", "note": "Copyright \u00a9 2002 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 25 October 2001; accepted 16 May 2002. \n\nWe happily acknowledge helpful discussions with many colleagues, including Dorit Aharonov, Charlie Bennett, Daniel Gottesman, Randy Kamien, Greg Kuperberg, Paul McFadden, Michael Nielsen, Peter Shor, Andrew Steane, Chenyang Wang, and Nathan Wozny. We are especially grateful to Peter Hoyer for discussions of efficient perfect matching algorithms. This work originated in 1997, while E.D. received support from Caltech's Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program. This work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, by DARPA through the Quantum Information and Computation (QUIC) project administered by the Army Research Office under Grant No. DAAH04-96-1-0386, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EIA-0086038, by the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374, and by an IBM Faculty Partnership Award.", "abstract": "We analyze surface codes, the topological quantum error-correcting codes introduced by Kitaev. In these codes, qubits are arranged in a two-dimensional array on a surface of nontrivial topology, and encoded quantum operations are associated with nontrivial homology cycles of the surface. We formulate protocols for error recovery, and study the efficacy of these protocols. An order-disorder phase transition occurs in this system at a nonzero critical value of the error rate; if the error rate is below the critical value (the accuracy threshold), encoded information can be protected arbitrarily well in the limit of a large code block. This phase transition can be accurately modeled by a three-dimensional Z(2) lattice gauge theory with quenched disorder. We estimate the accuracy threshold, assuming that all quantum gates are local, that qubits can be measured rapidly, and that polynomial-size classical computations can be executed instantaneously. We also devise a robust recovery procedure that does not require measurement or fast classical processing; however, for this procedure the quantum gates are local only if the qubits are arranged in four or more spatial dimensions. We discuss procedures for encoding, measurement, and performing fault-tolerant universal quantum computation with surface codes, and argue that these codes provide a promising framework for quantum computing architectures.", "date": "2002-09-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Mathematical Physics", "volume": "43", "number": "9", "publisher": "Journal of Mathematical Physics", "pagerange": "4452-4505", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:DENjmp02.842", "issn": "0022-2488", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:DENjmp02.842", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1499754", "primary_object": { "basename": "DENjmp02.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kag81-nk917/files/DENjmp02.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Dennis, Eric; Kitaev, Alexei; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4rebx-j5r09", "eprint_id": 1238, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:09:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 22:41:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Beckman-D", "name": { "family": "Beckman", "given": "David" } }, { "id": "Gottesman-D", "name": { "family": "Gottesman", "given": "Daniel" } }, { "id": "Kitaev-A", "name": { "family": "Kitaev", "given": "Alexei" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Measurability of Wilson loop operators", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a92002 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 23 October 2001; published 5 March 2002 \n\nWe thank Steve Giddings, Anton Kapustin, Michael Nielsen, Edward Witten, and especially Mark Srednicki for helpful discussions and comments. This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DEFG03-92-ER40701, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EIA-0086038, by the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374, by IBM, and by the Clay Mathematics Institute. Some of this work was done at the Aspen Center for Physics.", "abstract": "We show that the nondemolition measurement of a spacelike Wilson loop operator W(C) is impossible in a relativistic non-Abelian gauge theory. In particular, if two spacelike-separated magnetic flux tubes both link with the loop C, then a nondemolition measurement of W(C) would cause electric charge to be transferred from one flux tube to the other, a violation of relativistic causality. A destructive measurement of W(C) is possible in a non-Abelian gauge theory with suitable matter content. In an Abelian gauge theory, many cooperating parties distributed along the loop C can perform a nondemolition measurement of the Wilson loop operator if they are equipped with a shared entangled ancilla that has been prepared in advance. We also note that Abelian electric charge (but not non-Abelian charge) can be transported superluminally, without any accompanying transmission of information.", "date": "2002-03-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review D", "volume": "65", "number": "6", "publisher": "Physical Review D", "pagerange": "Art. no. 065022", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:BECprd02", "issn": "2470-0010", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:BECprd02", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevD.65.065022", "primary_object": { "basename": "BECprd02.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4rebx-j5r09/files/BECprd02.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Beckman, David; Gottesman, Daniel; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ewct1-r0251", "eprint_id": 2867, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:56:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:46:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Childs-A-M", "name": { "family": "Childs", "given": "Andrew M." } }, { "id": "Farhi-E", "name": { "family": "Farhi", "given": "Edward" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Robustness of adiabatic quantum computation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a92001 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 23 August 2001; published 14 December 2001 \n\nWe thank Todd Brun, Evan Fortunato, Jeffrey Goldstone, Sam Gutmann, Jeff Kimble, Alesha Kitaev, and Seth Lloyd for helpful discussions. A.M.C. gratefully acknowledges the support of the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation. This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701 and Grant No. DE-FC02-94-ER40818, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EIA-0086038, by the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374, by the National Security Agency (NSA) and Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA) under Army Research Office (ARO) Contract No. DAAD19-01-1-0656, and by an IBM Faculty Partnership Award.", "abstract": "We study the fault tolerance of quantum computation by adiabatic evolution, a quantum algorithm for solving various combinatorial search problems. We describe an inherent robustness of adiabatic computation against two kinds of errors, unitary control errors and decoherence, and we study this robustness using numerical simulations of the algorithm.", "date": "2002-01-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "65", "number": "1", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "pagerange": "Art. No. 012322", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:CHIpra02", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CHIpra02", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.65.012322", "primary_object": { "basename": "CHIpra02.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ewct1-r0251/files/CHIpra02.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Childs, Andrew M.; Farhi, Edward; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dfsfp-pxf22", "eprint_id": 4333, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:46:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 17:42:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Harrington-J", "name": { "family": "Harrington", "given": "Jim" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Achievable rates for the Gaussian quantum channel", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "ERROR-CORRECTING CODES; CAPACITY", "note": "\u00a92001 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 17 May 2001; published 8 November 2001. \n\nWe thank Dave Beckman, Anne-Marie Berge, Bob McEliece, Michael Postol, Eric Rains, Peter Shor, and Edward Witten for helpful discussions and correspondence. This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EIA-0086038, and by the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374.", "abstract": "We study the properties of quantum stabilizer codes that embed a finite-dimensional protected code space in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. The stabilizer group of such a code is associated with a symplectically integral lattice in the phase space of 2N canonical variables. From the existence of symplectically integral lattices with suitable properties, we infer a lower bound on the quantum capacity of the Gaussian quantum channel that matches the one-shot coherent information optimized over Gaussian input states.", "date": "2001-12-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "64", "number": "6", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "pagerange": "Art. No. 062301", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:HARpra01", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:HARpra01", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.64.062301", "primary_object": { "basename": "HARpra01.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dfsfp-pxf22/files/HARpra01.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Harrington, Jim and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v9xay-ydw79", "eprint_id": 1989, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:41:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:08:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Beckman-D", "name": { "family": "Beckman", "given": "David" } }, { "id": "Gottesman-D", "name": { "family": "Gottesman", "given": "Daniel" } }, { "id": "Nielsen-M-A", "name": { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "M. A." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Causal and localizable quantum operations", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a92001 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 9 February 2001; published 12 October 2001 \n\nWe thank Harry Buhrman, Richard Cleve, and David DiVincenzo for helpful discussions, Jennifer Dodd for comments on the manuscript, and Reinhard Werner and Rainer Verch for instructive correspondence. This work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, by the National Science Foundation, by IBM, and by the Clay Mathematics Institute. Some of this work was done at the Aspen Center for Physics.", "abstract": "We examine constraints on quantum operations imposed by relativistic causality. A bipartite superoperator is said to be localizable if it can be implemented by two parties (Alice and Bob) who share entanglement but do not communicate; it is causal if the superoperator does not convey information from Alice to Bob or from Bob to Alice. We characterize the general structure of causal complete-measurement superoperators, and exhibit examples that are causal but not localizable. We construct another class of causal bipartite superoperators that are not localizable by invoking bounds on the strength of correlations among the parts of a quantum system. A bipartite superoperator is said to be semilocalizable if it can be implemented with one-way quantum communication from Alice to Bob, and it is semicausal if it conveys no information from Bob to Alice. We show that all semicausal complete-measurement superoperators are semilocalizable, and we establish a general criterion for semicausality. In the multipartite case, we observe that a measurement superoperator that projects onto the eigenspaces of a stabilizer code is localizable.", "date": "2001-11-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "64", "number": "5", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "pagerange": "Art. No. 052309", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:BECpra01", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:BECpra01", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.64.052309", "primary_object": { "basename": "BECpra01.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v9xay-ydw79/files/BECpra01.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Beckman, David; Gottesman, Daniel; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9pn21-d2z44", "eprint_id": 3849, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:23:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:11:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gottesman-D", "name": { "family": "Gottesman", "given": "Daniel" } }, { "id": "Kitaev-A", "name": { "family": "Kitaev", "given": "Alexei" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Encoding a qubit in an oscillator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a92001 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 9 August 2000; published 11 June 2001 \n\nWe gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Isaac Chuang, Sumit Daftuar, David DiVincenzo, Andrew Doherty, Steven van Enk, Jim Harrington, Jeff Kimble, Andrew Landahl, Hideo Mabuchi, Harsh Mathur, Gerard Milburn, Michael Nielsen, and Peter Shor. This work was supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and by the Caltech MURI Center for Quantum Networks under ARO Grant No. DAAD19-00-1-0374. Some of this work was done at the Aspen Center for Physics.", "abstract": "Quantum error-correcting codes are constructed that embed a finite-dimensional code space in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of a system described by continuous quantum variables. These codes exploit the noncommutative geometry of phase space to protect against errors that shift the values of the canonical variables q and p. In the setting of quantum optics, fault-tolerant universal quantum computation can be executed on the protected code subspace using linear optical operations, squeezing, homodyne detection, and photon counting; however, nonlinear mode coupling is required for the preparation of the encoded states. Finite-dimensional versions of these codes can be constructed that protect encoded quantum information against shifts in the amplitude or phase of a d-state system. Continuous-variable codes can be invoked to establish lower bounds on the quantum capacity of Gaussian quantum channels.", "date": "2001-07-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "64", "number": "1", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "pagerange": "Art. No. 012310", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:GOTpra01b", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:GOTpra01b", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.64.012310", "primary_object": { "basename": "GOTpra01b.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9pn21-d2z44/files/GOTpra01b.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Gottesman, Daniel; Kitaev, Alexei; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hxeeh-acm71", "eprint_id": 3848, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:59:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:11:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gottesman-D", "name": { "family": "Gottesman", "given": "Daniel" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Secure quantum key distribution using squeezed states", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a92001 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 10 August 2000; published 18 January 2001 \n\nWe thank Andrew Doherty, Steven van Enk, Jim Harrington, Jeff Kimble, and especially Hoi-Kwong Lo for useful discussions and comments. This work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DEFG03-92-ER40701, and by DARPA through the Quantum Information and Computation (QUIC) project administered by the Army Research Office under Grant No. DAAH04-96-1-0386. Some of this work was done at the Aspen Center for Physics.", "abstract": "We prove the security of a quantum key distribution scheme based on transmission of squeezed quantum states of a harmonic oscillator. Our proof employs quantum error-correcting codes that encode a finite-dimensional quantum system in the infinite-dimensional Hilbert space of an oscillator, and protect against errors that shift the canonical variables p and q. If the noise in the quantum channel is weak, squeezing signal states by 2.51 dB (a squeeze factor er=1.34) is sufficient in principle to ensure the security of a protocol that is suitably enhanced by classical error correction and privacy amplification. Secure key distribution can be achieved over distances comparable to the attenuation length of the quantum channel.", "date": "2001-02-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "63", "number": "2", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "pagerange": "Art. No. 022309", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:GOTpra01a", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:GOTpra01a", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.63.022309", "primary_object": { "basename": "GOTpra01a.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hxeeh-acm71/files/GOTpra01a.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Gottesman, Daniel and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2r7tp-05e65", "eprint_id": 2745, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:22:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:42:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Shor-P-W", "name": { "family": "Shor", "given": "Peter W." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Simple Proof of Security of the BB84 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a92000 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 28 February 2000 \n\nThe authors thank Michael Ben-Or, Eli Biham, Hoi-Kwong Lo, Dominic Mayers, and Tal Mor for explanations of and informative discussions about their security proofs. We also thank Ike Chuang, Daniel Gottesman, Alexei Kitaev, and Michael Nielsen for their discussions and suggestions, which greatly improved this paper. Part of this research was done while P.W. S. was visiting Caltech. This work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and by DARPA through Caltech's Quantum Information and Computation (QUIC) project administered by the Army Research Office.", "abstract": "We prove that the 1984 protocol of Bennett and Brassard (BB84) for quantum key distribution is secure. We first give a key distribution protocol based on entanglement purification, which can be proven secure using methods from Lo and Chau's proof of security for a similar protocol. We then show that the security of this protocol implies the security of BB84. The entanglement purification based protocol uses Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes, and properties of these codes are used to remove the use of quantum computation from the Lo-Chau protocol.", "date": "2000-07-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "85", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "441-444", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SHOprl00", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SHOprl00", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.85.441", "primary_object": { "basename": "SHOprl00.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2r7tp-05e65/files/SHOprl00.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Shor, Peter W. and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4vvyt-7zz06", "eprint_id": 28231, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:19:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 17:45:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Quantum information and physics: Some future directions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Taylor & Francis Ltd.\n\nReceived 7 April 1999.\nAvailable online: 03 Jul 2009.\n\nMy work on the applications of quantum information\ntheory to quantum-limited measurements has been in collaboration with Andrew Childs and Joe Renes [6]. I'm\nvery grateful to Hideo Mabuchi for stimulating my interest in that subject, and to Dave Beckman and Chris\nFuchs for their helpful suggestions. I have also benefitted\nfrom discussions about precision measurement with Constantin Brif, Jon Dowling, Steven van Enk, Jeff Kimble,\nAlesha Kitaev, and Kip Thorne. I thank Michael Nielsen\nfor emphasizing the relevance of quantum information in\nquantum critical phenomena, Ian Affleck for enlightening correspondence about conformal field theory, Anton\nKapustin for a discussion about Ref. [37], Dorje Brody\nfor informing me about Ref. [35], and Curt Callan for encouragement. Finally, I am indebted to Ike Chuang for\nchallenging me to speculate about the future of quantum\ninformation theory. This work has been supported in\npart by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and by DARPA through the Quantum Information and Computation (QUIC) project administered by the Army Research Office under Grant No.\nDAAH04-96-1-0386.\n\nSubmitted - PREjmo00preprint.pdf
", "abstract": "I consider some promising future directions for quantum information theory that could influence the development of 21st century physics. Advances in the theory of the distinguishability of superoperators may lead to new strategies for improving the precision of quantum-limited measurements. A better grasp of the properties of multi-partite quantum entanglement may lead to deeper understanding of strongly-coupled dynamics in quantum many-body systems, quantum field theory, and quantum gravity.", "date": "2000-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Modern Optics", "volume": "47", "number": "2-3", "publisher": "Taylor and Francis", "pagerange": "127-137", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20111129-141152912", "issn": "0950-0340", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111129-141152912", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "DAAH04-96-1-0386" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/09500340008244031", "primary_object": { "basename": "PREjmo00preprint.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4vvyt-7zz06/files/PREjmo00preprint.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t6j23-nc795", "eprint_id": 58079, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:54:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 18:04:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Plug-in quantum software", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Macmillan Magazines Ltd.", "abstract": "Some quantum states are hard to create and maintain, but are a valuable resource for computing. Twenty-first century entrepreneurs could make a fortune selling disposable quantum states.", "date": "1999-11-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "402", "number": "6760", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "357-358", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150608-104757494", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150608-104757494", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1038/46434", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kv4be-6p109", "eprint_id": 58077, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:08:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 18:04:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "The Feynman processor: Quantum entanglement and the computing revolution [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Macmillan Magazines Ltd.\n\nBook review of: The Feynman Processor: Quantum\nEntanglement and the Computing Revolution by Gerard J. Milburn; Perseus: 1998. 194 pp.", "abstract": "During the second half of this century we\nhave witnessed staggering progress in the\ndevelopment of information technology. At\npresent, the pace of progress shows no sign\nof slowing. But in the early twenty-first\ncentury, conventional integrated-circuit\ntechnology will approach the fundamental\nlimitations imposed by the atomic size scale.\nAt that stage, continued improvement in\ncomputing performance, and the continued\nexpansion of the world economy, may\nhinge on the development of radically new\nmethods for processing information.", "date": "1999-03-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "398", "number": "6723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "118-119", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150608-103533216", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150608-103533216", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1038/18151", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a0a80-0mf28", "eprint_id": 58037, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 02:30:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 18:01:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Robust solutions to hard problems", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1998 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.", "abstract": "Twenty-first century computers could achieve astonishing speed by exploiting the principles of quantum mechanics. New techniques of quantum error correction will be essential to prevent those machines from crashing.", "date": "1998-02-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "391", "number": "6668", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "631-632", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150605-102149860", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150605-102149860", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1038/35484", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7398j-9nm96", "eprint_id": 105403, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:34:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 21:57:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Quantum computing: pro and con", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "quantum computing; error correction; complexity theory", "note": "\u00a9 1998 The Royal Society. \n\nThis work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant no. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and by DARPA under Grant no. DAAH04-96-1-0386 administered by the Army Research Office. I thank David DiVincenzo and Wojciech Zurek for organizing this stimulating meeting, and for giving me this opportunity to express my views. My thinking about quantum computing has been influenced by discussions with many people, including Dave Beckman, Al Despain, Eddie Farhi, Jeff Kimble, Alesha Kitaev, Manny Knill, Raymond Laflamme, Seth Lloyd and Peter Shor. I am particularly grateful to Gilles Brassard, Ike Chuang, David DiVincenzo, Chris Fuchs, Rolf Landauer, Hideo Mabuchi, Martin Plenio, Dave Wineland, and Christof Zalka for helpful comments on the manuscript. I especially thank Michael Nielsen for many detailed suggestions, and Daniel Gottesman for countless discussions of all aspects of quantum computation.\n\nSubmitted - 9705032.pdf
", "abstract": "I assess the potential of quantum computation. Broad and important applications must be found to justify construction of a quantum computer; I review some of the known quantum algorithms and consider the prospects for finding new ones. Quantum computers are notoriously susceptible to making errors; I discuss recently developed fault\u2013tolerant procedures that enable a quantum computer with noisy gates to perform reliably. Quantum computing hardware is still in its infancy; I comment on the specifications that should be met by future hardware. Over the past few years, work on quantum computation has erected a new classification of computational complexity, has generated profound insights into the nature of decoherence, and has stimulated the formulation of new techniques in high\u2013precision experimental physics. A broad interdisciplinary effort will be needed if quantum computers are to fulfil their destiny as the world's fastest computing devices. \n\nThis paper is an expanded version of remarks that were prepared for a panel discussion at the ITP Conference on Quantum Coherence and Decoherence, December 1996.", "date": "1998-01-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences", "volume": "454", "number": "1969", "publisher": "Royal Society of London", "pagerange": "469-486", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200916-090616410", "issn": "1364-5021", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200916-090616410", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "DAAH04-96-1-0386" } ] }, "doi": "10.1098/rspa.1998.0171", "primary_object": { "basename": "9705032.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7398j-9nm96/files/9705032.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mc0ry-r1e30", "eprint_id": 105650, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:34:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:14:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-4762" } ] }, "title": "Reliable quantum computers", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "fault-tolerant computation; quantum leaks; reliable quantum computers", "note": "\u00a9 1998 The Royal Society. \n\nThis work has been supported in part by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701, and by DARPA under Grant No. DAAH04-96-1-0386 administered by the Army Research Office. I am grateful to David DiVincenzo and Wojciech Zurek for organizing this stimulating meeting, and I thank Andrew Steane and Christof Zalka for helpful comments on the manuscript. I also thank my collaborators David Beckman, Jarah Evslin, Sham Kakade, and especially Daniel Gottesman for many productive discussions about fault-tolerant quantum computation.\n\nSubmitted - 9705031.pdf
", "abstract": "The new field of quantum error correction has developed spectacularly since its origin less than two years ago. Encoded quantum information can be protected from errors that arise due to uncontrolled interactions with the environment. Recovery from errors can work effectively even if occasional mistakes occur during the recovery procedure. Furthermore, encoded quantum information can be processed without serious propagation of errors. Hence, an arbitrarily long quantum computation can be performed reliably, provided that the average probability of error per quantum gate is less than a certain critical value, the accuracy threshold. A quantum computer storing about 10\u2076 qubits, with a probability of error per quantum gate of order 10\u207b\u2076, would be a formidable factoring engine. Even a smaller less\u2013accurate quantum computer would be able to perform many useful tasks. \n\nThis paper is based on a talk presented at the ITP Conference on Quantum Coherence and Decoherence, 15 to 18 December 1996.", "date": "1998-01-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences", "volume": "454", "number": "1969", "publisher": "Royal Society of London", "pagerange": "385-410", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200929-143507282", "issn": "1364-5021", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200929-143507282", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)", "grant_number": "DAAH04-96-1-0386" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1098/rspa.1998.0167", "primary_object": { "basename": "9705031.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mc0ry-r1e30/files/9705031.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nhgz2-p7a17", "eprint_id": 2179, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 11:10:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:15:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Beckman-D", "name": { "family": "Beckman", "given": "David" } }, { "id": "Chari-A-N", "name": { "family": "Chari", "given": "Amalavoyal N." } }, { "id": "Devabhaktuni-S", "name": { "family": "Devabhaktuni", "given": "Srikrishna" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Efficient networks for quantum factoring", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a91996 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 22 February 1996 \n\nWe thank Al Despain, Jeff Kimble, and Hideo Mabuchi for helpful discussions and encouragement. This research was supported in part by DOE Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701 and in part by the California Institute of Technology.", "abstract": "We consider how to optimize memory use and computation time in operating a quantum computer. In particular, we estimate the number of memory quantum bits (qubits) and the number of operations required to perform factorization, using the algorithm suggested by Shor [in Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science, edited by S. Goldwasser (IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, 1994), p. 124]. A K-bit number can be factored in time of order K3 using a machine capable of storing 5K+1 qubits. Evaluation of the modular exponential function (the bottleneck of Shor's algorithm) could be achieved with about 72K3 elementary quantum gates; implementation using a linear ion trap would require about 396K3 laser pulses. A proof-of-principle demonstration of quantum factoring (factorization of 15) could be performed with only 6 trapped ions and 38 laser pulses. Though the ion trap may never be a useful computer, it will be a powerful device for exploring experimentally the properties of entangled quantum states.", "date": "1996-08-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review A", "volume": "54", "number": "2", "publisher": "Physical Review A", "pagerange": "1034-1063", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:BECpra96", "issn": "1050-2947", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:BECpra96", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.54.1034", "primary_object": { "basename": "BECpra96.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nhgz2-p7a17/files/BECpra96.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Beckman, David; Chari, Amalavoyal N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ne3vv-se627", "eprint_id": 6796, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 10:03:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 20:32:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Fiola-T-M", "name": { "family": "Fiola", "given": "Thomas M." } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Strominger-A", "name": { "family": "Strominger", "given": "Andrew" } }, { "id": "Trivedi-S-P", "name": { "family": "Trivedi", "given": "Sandip P." } } ] }, "title": "Black hole thermodynamics and information loss in two dimensions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "GENERALIZED 2ND LAW; PARTICLE CREATION; STRING THEORY; END-POINT; EVAPORATION; ENTROPY; RADIATION; GRAVITY; COMPLEMENTARITY; EMISSION", "note": "\u00a91994 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 23 March 1994. \n\nWe have benefited from discussions with S. Das, L. Thorlacius, and especially S. Mathur. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DOE-91ER40618 and Grant No. DEFG03-92-ER40701.", "abstract": "Black hole evaporation is investigated in a (1+1)-dimensional model of quantum gravity. Quantum corrections to the black hole entropy are computed, and the fine-grained entropy of the Hawking radiation is studied. A generalized second law of thermodynamics is formulated, and shown to be valid under suitable conditions. It is also shown that, in this model, a black hole can consume an arbitrarily large amount of information.", "date": "1994-09-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review D", "volume": "50", "number": "6", "publisher": "Physical Review D", "pagerange": "3987-4014", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:FIOprd94", "issn": "2470-0010", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:FIOprd94", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevD.50.3987", "primary_object": { "basename": "FIOprd94.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ne3vv-se627/files/FIOprd94.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Fiola, Thomas M.; Preskill, John; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tw8yz-87h63", "eprint_id": 29532, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:25:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:17:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lo-H-K", "name": { "family": "Lo", "given": "Hoi-Kwong" } }, { "id": "Lee-K-M", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Kai-Ming" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Complementarity in Wormhole Chromodynamics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1993 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.\n\nReceived 20 August 1993; revised manuscript received 22 September 1993\nEditor H. Georgi.\n\nThis work is supported in part by the US Department of Energy\nunder Grant No. DE-FG03-92-ER40701.\n\nWe thank Patrick McGraw, Sandip Trivedi and\nPiljin Yi for helpful conversations. We are also very\ngrateful to Andy Strominger for a careful reading of\nthe manuscript.\n\nSubmitted - LOHplb93preprint.pdf
", "abstract": "The electric charge of a wormhole mouth and the magnetic flux \"linked\" by the wormhole are non-commuting observables, and\nso cannot be simultaneously diagonalized. We use this observation to resolve some puzzles in wormhole electrodynamics and\nchromodynamics. Specifically, we analyze the color electric field that results when a colored object traverses a wormhole, and we\ndiscuss the measurement of the wormhole charge and flux using Aharonov-Bohm interference effects.", "date": "1993-12-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physics Letters B", "volume": "318", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "287-292", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120229-152505223", "issn": "0370-2693", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120229-152505223", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-92-ER40701" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0370-2693(93)90130-A", "primary_object": { "basename": "LOHplb93preprint.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tw8yz-87h63/files/LOHplb93preprint.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Lo, Hoi-Kwong; Lee, Kai-Ming; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m4fce-yeb90", "eprint_id": 2752, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:37:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:42:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lo-H-K", "name": { "family": "Lo", "given": "Hoi-Kwong" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Non-Abelian vortices and non-Abelian statistics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a91993 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 28 May 1993 \n\nWe thnak Martin Bucher and Kai-Ming Lee for very useful discussions. This research was supported in part by DOE Grant No. DE-FG03-ER-40701.", "abstract": "We study the interactions of non-Abelian vortices in two spatial dimensions. These interactions have novel features, because the Aharonov-Bohm effect enables a pair of vortices to exchange quantum numbers. The cross section for vortex-vortex scattering is typically a multivalued function of the scattering angle. There can be an exchange contribution to the vortex-vortex scattering amplitude that adds coherently with the direct amplitude, even if the two vortices have distinct quantum numbers. Thus two vortices can be \"indistinguishable\" even though they are not the same.", "date": "1993-11-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review D", "volume": "48", "number": "10", "publisher": "Physical Review D", "pagerange": "4821-4835", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:LOHprd93", "issn": "2470-0010", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:LOHprd93", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevD.48.4821", "primary_object": { "basename": "LOHprd93.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m4fce-yeb90/files/LOHprd93.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Lo, Hoi-Kwong and Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4rhwx-46704", "eprint_id": 5416, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:18:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 19:12:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Vilenkin-A", "name": { "family": "Vilenkin", "given": "Alexander" } } ] }, "title": "Decay of metastable topological defects", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a91993 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 9 September 1992 \n\nThis work was supported in part by DOE Contract No. DE-AC03-81-ER40050 and by NSF Contract No. 8605578. A.V. gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of Caltech, and thanks the Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Scholars program for financial support.", "abstract": "We systematically analyze the decay of metastable topological defects that arise from the spontaneous breakdown of gauge or global symmetries. Quantum-mechanical tunneling rates are estimated for a variety of decay processes. The decay rate for a global string, vortex, domain wall, or kink is typically suppressed compared to the decay rate for its gauged counterpart. We also discuss the decay of global texture, and of semilocal and electroweak strings.", "date": "1993-03-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review D", "volume": "47", "number": "6", "publisher": "Physical Review D", "pagerange": "2324-2342", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:PREprd93", "issn": "2470-0010", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PREprd93", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevD.47.2324", "primary_object": { "basename": "PREprd93.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4rhwx-46704/files/PREprd93.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Preskill, John and Vilenkin, Alexander" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r36mt-66125", "eprint_id": 5414, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:04:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 19:12:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Semilocal defects", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a91992 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 11 June 1992 \n\nI thank Tanmay Vachaspati for discussions that stimulated my interest in this subject. I have also benefited from enjoyable discussions with Robert Brandenberger, Martin Bucher, Steve Frautschi, Mark Hindmarsh, and Hoi-Kwong Lo.", "abstract": "I analyze the interplay of gauge and global symmetries in the theory of topological defects. In a two-dimensional model in which both gauge symmetries and exact global symmetries are spontaneously broken, stable vortices may fail to exist even though magnetic flux is topologically conserved. Following Vachaspati and Ach\u00facarro, I formulate the condition that must be satisfied by the pattern of symmetry breakdown for finite-energy configurations to exist in which the conserved magnetic flux is spread out instead of confined to a localized vortex. If this condition is met, vortices are always unstable at sufficiently weak gauge coupling. I also describe the properties of defects in models with an \"accidental\" symmetry that is partially broken by gauge-boson exchange. In some cases, the spontaneously broken accidental symmetry is not restored inside the core of the defect. Then the structure of the defect can be analyzed using an effective field theory; the details of the physics responsible for the spontaneous symmetry breakdown need not be considered. Examples include domain walls and vortices that are classically unstable, but are stabilized by loop corrections, and magnetic monopoles that have an unusual core structure. Finally, I examine the general theory of the \"electroweak strings\" that were recently discussed by Vachaspati. These arise only in models with gauge-boson \"mixing,\" and can always end on magnetic monopoles. Cosmological implications are briefly discussed.", "date": "1992-11-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review D", "volume": "46", "number": "10", "publisher": "Physical Review D", "pagerange": "4218-4231", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:PREprd92", "issn": "2470-0010", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PREprd92", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevD.46.4218", "primary_object": { "basename": "PREprd92.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r36mt-66125/files/PREprd92.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b4ngw-0a940", "eprint_id": 29725, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:53:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:24:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bucher-M", "name": { "family": "Bucher", "given": "Martin" } }, { "id": "Lee-K-M", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Kai-Ming" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "On Detecting Discrete Cheshire Charge", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.\n\nReceived 23 December 1991. Revised 25 May 1992. Accepted 26 May 1992. Available online 18 October 2002.\nThis work supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-81-ER40050.\nWe thank Mark Alford, Hoi-Kwong Lo, John March-Russell, and David Wales for useful discussions.\n\nSubmitted - BUCnpb92bpreprint.pdf
", "abstract": "We analyze the charges carried by loops of string in models with non-abelian local discrete symmetry. The charge on a loop has no localized source, but can be detected by means of the Aharonov-Bohm interaction of the loop with another string. We describe the process of charge detection, and the transfer of charge between point particles and string loops, in terms of gauge-invariant correlation functions.", "date": "1992-11-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nuclear Physics B", "volume": "386", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "27-42", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120314-135655591", "issn": "0550-3213", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120314-135655591", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC03-81-ER40050" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "CALT-68-1753", "name": "CALT" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0550-3213(92)90174-A", "primary_object": { "basename": "BUCnpb92bpreprint.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b4ngw-0a940/files/BUCnpb92bpreprint.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Bucher, Martin; Lee, Kai-Ming; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t9gh6-7ac86", "eprint_id": 29724, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:53:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:24:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bucher-M", "name": { "family": "Bucher", "given": "Martin" } }, { "id": "Lo-H-K", "name": { "family": "Lo", "given": "Hoi-Kwong" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Topological Approach to Alice Electrodynamics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.\n\nReceived 27 December 1991. Revised 25 May 1992. Accepted 26 May 1992. Available online 18 October 2002.\n\nThis work supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-81-ER40050.\n\nWe thank Mark Alford. Katherine Benson, Rick Davis, Tom Imbo, Kai-Ming\nLee, John March-Russell, Sandip Trivedi and Piljin Yi for interesting discussions.\n\nSubmitted - BUCnpb92apreprint.pdf
", "abstract": "We analyze the unlocalized \"Cheshire charge\" carried by \"Alice strings.\" The magnetic charge on a string loop is carefully defined, and the transfer of magnetic charge from a monopole to a string loop is analyzed using global topological methods. A semiclassical theory of electric charge transfer is also described.", "date": "1992-11-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nuclear Physics B", "volume": "386", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "3-26", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120314-135309738", "issn": "0550-3213", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120314-135309738", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC03-81-ER40050" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0550-3213(92)90173-9", "primary_object": { "basename": "BUCnpb92apreprint.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t9gh6-7ac86/files/BUCnpb92apreprint.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Bucher, Martin; Lo, Hoi-Kwong; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e4pkc-ns232", "eprint_id": 29723, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:47:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:24:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Alford-M-G", "name": { "family": "Alford", "given": "Mark G." } }, { "id": "Lee-K-M", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Kai-Ming" } }, { "id": "March-Russell-J", "name": { "family": "March-Russell", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Quantum Field Theory of Nonabelian Strings and Vortices", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.\nReceived 6 January 1992. Accepted 15 May 1992. Available online 18 October 2002.\nWe thank Hoi-Kwong Lo, and, especially, Martin Bucher, for helpful discussions.\nThis work was supported by DOE grant DE-AC03-81-ER40050, and by NSF\ngrants NSF-PHY-87-14654, NSF-PHY-90-21984 and NSF-PHY-89-04035. J.M.R.\nand M.G.A. wish to thank the Aspen Center for Physics and, especially, the\nCaltech Physics Department, for their hospitality during portions of this work.\n\nSubmitted - ALFnpb92preprint.pdf
", "abstract": "We develop an operator formalism for investigating the properties of non-abelian cosmic strings (and vortices) in quantum field theory. Operators are constructed that introduce classical string sources and that create dynamical string loops. The operator construction in lattice gauge theory is explicitly described, and correlation functions are computed in the strong-coupling and weak-coupling limits. These correlation functions are used to study the long-range interactions of non-abelian strings, taking account of charge-screening effects due to virtual particles. Among the phenomena investigated are the Aharonov-Bohm interactions of strings with charged particles, holonomy interactions between string loops, string entanglement, the transfer of \"Cheshire charge\" to a string loop, and domain-wall decay via spontaneous string nucleation. We also anayze the Aharonov-Bohm interactions of magnetic monopoles with electric flux tubes in a confining gauge theory. We propose that the Aharonov-Bohm effect can be invoked to distinguish among various phases of a non-abelian gauge theory coupled to matter.", "date": "1992-10-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nuclear Physics B", "volume": "384", "number": "1-2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "251-317", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120314-135053542", "issn": "0550-3213", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120314-135053542", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC03-81-ER40050" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-87-14654" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-90-21984" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-89-04035" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "NSF-ITP-91-128", "name": "NSF-ITP" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0550-3213(92)90468-Q", "primary_object": { "basename": "ALFnpb92preprint.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e4pkc-ns232/files/ALFnpb92preprint.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Alford, Mark G.; Lee, Kai-Ming; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x7gc8-5m951", "eprint_id": 29722, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:32:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:24:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Coleman-S", "name": { "family": "Coleman", "given": "Sidney" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Wilczek-F", "name": { "family": "Wilczek", "given": "Frank" } } ] }, "title": "Quantum Hair on Black Holes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Elsevier.\nReceived 20 January 1992.\nAccepted for publication 26 March 1992.\nAvailable online 18 October 2002.\nResearch supported in part by NSF grant PHY-87-14654.\nResearch supported in part by DOE grant DE-AC03-81-ER40050.\nResearch supported in part by DOE grant DE-FG02-90ER40542.\n\n\nWe gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Mark Alford, Martin Bucher,\nGary Gibbons, Stephen Hawking, Lawrence Krauss, John March-Russell, Alex\nRidgway, Andy Strominger, Kip Thorne, Alex Vilenkin, and Edward Witten.\n\nSubmitted - COLnpb92preprint.pdf
", "abstract": "A black hole may carry quantum numbers that are not associated with massless gauge fields, contrary to the spirit of the \"no-hair\" theorems. We describe in detail two different types of black-hole hair that decay exponentially at long range. The first type is associated with discrete gauge charge and the screening is due to the Higgs mechanism. The second type is associated with color magnetic charge, and the screening is due to color confinement. In both cases, we perform semiclassical calculations of the effect of the hair on local observables outside the horizon, and on black-hole thermodynamics. These effects are generated by virtual cosmic strings, or virtual electric flux tubes, that sweep around the event horizon. The effects of discrete gauge charge are nonperturbative in \u0127, but the effects of color magnetic charge become \u0127-independent in a suitable limit. We present an alternative treatment of discrete gauge charge using dual variables, and examine the possibility of black-hole hair associated with discrete global symmetry. We draw the distinction between primary hair, which endows a black hole with new quantum numbers, and secondary hair, which does not, and we point out some varieties of secondary hair that occur in the standard model of particle physics.", "date": "1992-07-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nuclear Physics B", "volume": "378", "number": "1-2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "175-246", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120314-134754496", "issn": "0550-3213", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120314-134754496", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-87-14654" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC03-81-ER40050" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-90ER40542" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0550-3213(92)90008-Y", "primary_object": { "basename": "COLnpb92preprint.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x7gc8-5m951/files/COLnpb92preprint.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Coleman, Sidney; Preskill, John; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f9br0-fen58", "eprint_id": 6363, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:48:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 20:17:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "March-Russell-J", "name": { "family": "March-Russell", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Wilczek-F", "name": { "family": "Wilczek", "given": "Frank" } } ] }, "title": "Internal frame dragging and a global analog of the Aharonov-Bohm effect", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a91992 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 20 December 1991 \n\nWe gratefully thank Mark Alford for stimulating discussions, and acknowledge NSF Grant No. NSF-PHY-90-21984 and DOE Grants No. DE-AC03-81-ER40050 and No. DE-FG02-90-ER40542 for support.", "abstract": "It is shown that the breakdown of a global symmetry group to a discrete subgroup can lead to analogs of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. At sufficiently low momentum transfer, the cross section for scattering of a particle with nontrivial Z2 charge off a global vortex is almost equal to (but definitely different from) maximal Aharonov-Bohm scattering; the effect goes away at large momentum transfer. The scattering of a spin-1/2 particle off a magnetic vortex provides an amusing experimentally realizable example.", "date": "1992-04-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "68", "number": "17", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "2567-2571", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:MARprl92", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MARprl92", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.2567", "primary_object": { "basename": "MARprl92.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f9br0-fen58/files/MARprl92.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "March-Russell, John; Preskill, John; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y6nsv-wvx39", "eprint_id": 5538, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:27:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 19:16:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Coleman-S", "name": { "family": "Coleman", "given": "Sidney" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Wilczek-F", "name": { "family": "Wilczek", "given": "Frank" } } ] }, "title": "Growing hair on black holes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "BARYON NUMBER; NONEXISTENCE; SYMMETRY; FIELDS", "note": "\u00a91991 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 24 June 1991. \n\nWe thank Gary Gibbons and Stephen Hawking for helpful discussions. S.C. was supported in part by NSF Grant No. PHY-87-14654, J.P. by DOE Grant No. DE-AC03-81-ER40050, and F.W. by DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-90ER40542.", "abstract": "A black hole can carry quantum numbers that are not associated with massless gauge fields, contrary to the spirit of the \"no-hair\" theorems. In the Higgs phase of a gauge theory, electric charge on a black hole generates a nonzero electric field outside the event horizon. This field is nonperturbative in \u0127 and is exponentially screened far from the hole. It arises from the cloud of virtual cosmic strings that surround the black hole. In the confinement phase, a magnetic charge on a black hole generates a classical field that is screened at long range by nonperturbative effects. Despite the sharp difference in their formal descriptions, the electric and magnetic cases are closely similar physically.", "date": "1991-10-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "67", "number": "15", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "1975-1978", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:COLprl91", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:COLprl91", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.1975", "primary_object": { "basename": "COLprl91.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y6nsv-wvx39/files/COLprl91.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Coleman, Sidney; Preskill, John; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3c568-y0p63", "eprint_id": 80255, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:43:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 15:49:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Trivedi-S-P", "name": { "family": "Trivedi", "given": "Sandip P." } }, { "id": "Wise-M-B", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Mark B." } } ] }, "title": "Wormholes in spacetime and \u03b8QCD", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. \n\nReceived 7 February 1989. \n\nThis work is supported in part by the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC0381-ER40050. NSF Presidential Young Investigator.", "abstract": "We calculate in chiral perturbation theory the dependence of Newton's gravitational constant G on the \u03b8 parameter of quantum chromodynamics, and we find that G, as a function of \u03b8, is minimized at \u03b8\u224c\u03c0. This calculation suggests that quantum fluctuations in the topology of spacetime would cause \u03b8 to assume a value very near \u03c0, contrary to the phenomenological evidence indicating that \u03b8 is actually near 0.", "date": "1989-06-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physics Letters B", "volume": "223", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "26-31", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170810-153648292", "issn": "0370-2693", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170810-153648292", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC0381-ER40050" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0370-2693(89)90913-1", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Preskill, John; Trivedi, Sandip P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k1gh0-z3441", "eprint_id": 70891, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:36:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:37:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Otto-S", "name": { "family": "Otto", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Politzer-H-D", "name": { "family": "Politzer", "given": "H. David" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4983-6621" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Wise-M-B", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Mark B." } } ] }, "title": "The significance of voids", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1986 American Astronomical Society. Provided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System. \n\nReceived 1985 August 2; accepted 1985 October 23. \n\nWe thank S. Coleman, R. P. Feynman and J. Salmon for helpful comments. This work was supported in part by the US DOE under contracts DEAC-03-81-WR40050 and DE-AT03-38-ER31118. MBW was supported in part by a DOE Outstanding Junior Investigator program under contract No. DE-GF03-84ER40172.\n\nPublished - 1986ApJ___304___62O.pdf
", "abstract": "The statistical significance of voids in the spatial distribution of galaxies or clusters of galaxies is studied. The probability per unit volume of finding a large void is expressed in terms of correlation functions. Numerical simulations are used to estimate the likelihood of observing a large void in the distribution of rich clusters of galaxies, assuming that rich clusters arose wherever suitably averaged primordial density fluctuations were unusually large.", "date": "1986-05-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal", "volume": "304", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "pagerange": "62-74", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161005-151942807", "issn": "0004-637X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161005-151942807", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC03-81-WR40050" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AT03-38-ER31118" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-GF03-84-ER40172" } ] }, "doi": "10.1086/164144", "primary_object": { "basename": "1986ApJ___304___62O.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k1gh0-z3441/files/1986ApJ___304___62O.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Otto, S.; Politzer, H. David; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x7sp7-x4d29", "eprint_id": 9450, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:41:11", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 22:13:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Politzer-H-D", "name": { "family": "Politzer", "given": "H. David" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4983-6621" }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John P." } } ] }, "title": "Poisson clusters and Poisson voids", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a91986 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 15 August 1985. \n\nThis work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC-03-81-ER40050. One of us (J.P.) is the recipient of an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship and a National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award. Stimulating conversations with John LoSecco, Steve Otto, Ben White, and Mark Wise are also gratefully acknowledged.", "abstract": "Expressions are derived for the expected abundance of clusters and voids in a sample of randomly distributed objects.", "date": "1986-01-13", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "56", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "99-102", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:POLprl86", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:POLprl86", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.99", "primary_object": { "basename": "POLprl86.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x7sp7-x4d29/files/POLprl86.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "POLprl86corr.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x7sp7-x4d29/files/POLprl86corr.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Politzer, H. David and Preskill, John P." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nmrdx-92w08", "eprint_id": 32284, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:16:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:06:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Magnetic Monopoles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1984 Annual Reviews. Work supported in part by the US Department of Energy under contract DEAC-03-81-ER40050. I have learned about magnetic monopoles from many colleagues, especially S. Coleman, P. Nelson, and F. Wilczek. In preparing this manuscript, I have benefited from conversations with H. Sonada and N. Warner.", "abstract": "How is it possible to justify a lengthy review of the physics of the magnetic\nmonopole when nobody has ever seen one? In spite of the unfortunate lack\nof favorable experimental evidence, there are sound theoretical reasons for\nbelieving that the magnetic monopole must exist. The case for its existence\nis surely as strong as the case for any other undiscovered particle.\nMoreover, as of this writing (early 1984), it is not certain that nobody has\never seen one. What seems certain is that nobody has ever seen two.", "date": "1984-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science", "volume": "34", "publisher": "Annual Reviews", "pagerange": "461-530", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120706-134558232", "issn": "0163-8998", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120706-134558232", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DEAC-03-81-ER40050" } ] }, "doi": "10.1146/annurev.nucl.34.1.461", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2c92t-v1a69", "eprint_id": 2698, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:45:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:41:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Weinberg-S", "name": { "family": "Weinberg", "given": "Steven" } } ] }, "title": "\"Decoupling\" constraints on massless composite particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a91981 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 5 January 1981 \n\nWe are grateful to Itzhak Bars, Sidney Coleman, Estia Eichten, Howard Georgi, Bob Holdom, Roman Jackiw, Leonard Susskind, and Edward Witten for valuable discussions. Research of one of us (J.P.) was supposrted in part by the Harvard Society of Fellows.", "abstract": "It is pointed out that the use of the \"decoupling\" constraints on the spectrum of composite massless particles is not justified without further assumptions. There is an alternative condition, whose use would not be subject to the same criticisms, which would lead to the same constraints as the decoupling condition, and which would lead to other results as well, for instance that the nonchiral global symmetries in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with n massless flavors can not be spontaneously broken. However, this condition is found to be violated in a specific model. It is still an open possibility that the chiral symmetries of QCD are unbroken for n not a multiple of 3.", "date": "1981-08-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review D", "volume": "24", "number": "4", "publisher": "Physical Review D", "pagerange": "1059-1062", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:PREprd81", "issn": "2470-0010", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PREprd81", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevD.24.1059", "primary_object": { "basename": "PREprd81.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2c92t-v1a69/files/PREprd81.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Preskill, John and Weinberg, Steven" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4vph1-e5a91", "eprint_id": 47472, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:55:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 20:38:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Subgroup Alignment in Hypercolor Theories", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 North-Holland Publishing Company (Elsevier).\n\nReceived 7 July 1980.\n\nResearch supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant number PHY77-22864 and by the Harvard Society of Fellows.\n\nI thank Michael Peskin for informing me about his recent work, and for helpful\ncomments. He has independently obtained many of the results reported here. I am\ngrateful to Kenneth Lane for suggesting that spectral-function sum rules can be\nused to solve the subgroup alignment problem, and to Estia Eichten for many\nilluminating conversations while this work was in progress. I also thank Steven\nWeinberg and Howard Georgi for advice and encouragement.", "abstract": "To analyze the physical consequences of a dynamically broken theory of the weak interactions, we must know how the weak gauge group is aligned in an approximate flavor-symmetry group. For a large class of models, spectral-function sum rules enables us to determine this alignment explicitly. We work out the pattern of the electroweak symmetry breakdown for several sample models. Critical values of weak mixing angles are found at which the breakdown pattern changes discontinously. We compute pseudo-Goldstone boson masses, and find that some models contain unusually light charged or colored pseudo-Goldstone bosons.", "date": "1981-01-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nuclear Physics B", "volume": "177", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "21-59", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140724-133643360", "issn": "0550-3213", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140724-133643360", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY77-22864" }, { "agency": "Harvard Society of Fellows" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0550-3213(81)90265-0", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Preskill, John" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qnn2b-x5686", "eprint_id": 7075, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:24:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 20:41:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Eichten-E", "name": { "family": "Eichten", "given": "Estia" } }, { "id": "Lane-K", "name": { "family": "Lane", "given": "Kenneth" } }, { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "J." } } ] }, "title": "CP Nonconservation without Elementary Scalar Fields", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a91980 The American Physical Society \n\nReceived 10 April 1980 \n\nWe thank S. Weinberg and K. Wilson for helpful conversations. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY77-22864, by the Department to Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-76ER01545, and by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.", "abstract": "Dynamically broken gauge theories of electroweak interactions provide a natural mechanism for generating CP nonconservation. Even if all vacuum angles are unobservable, strong CP nonconservation is not automatically avoided. In the absence of strong CP nonconservation, the neutron electric dipole moment is expected to be of order 10^-24e\u00b7cm.", "date": "1980-07-28", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "45", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "225-228", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:EICprl80", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:EICprl80", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.225", "primary_object": { "basename": "EICprl80.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qnn2b-x5686/files/EICprl80.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Eichten, Estia; Lane, Kenneth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zsrdb-ajf25", "eprint_id": 6133, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:09:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 20:09:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Preskill-J", "name": { "family": "Preskill", "given": "John P." } } ] }, "title": "Cosmological production of superheavy magnetic monopoles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a91979 The American Physical Society. \n\nReceived 21 June 1979. \n\nI am grateful to M. Peskin and B. Halperin for many helpful comments and suggestions. I have also benefited from conversations with P. Ginsparg, A. Guth, E. Purcell, H. Tye, S. Weinberg, and E. Witten. This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY77-22864.", "abstract": "Grand unified models of elementary particle interactions contain stable superheavy magnetic monopoles. The density of such monopoles in the early universe is estimated to be unacceptably large. Cosmological monopole production may be suppressed if the phase transition at the grand unification mass scale is strongly first order.", "date": "1979-11-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "volume": "43", "number": "19", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "pagerange": "1365-1368", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:PREprl79", "issn": "0031-9007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PREprl79", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.43.1365", "primary_object": { "basename": "PREprl79.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zsrdb-ajf25/files/PREprl79.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Preskill, John P." } ]