The Pauling theories of ferromagnetism and metal structure are discussed and compared with other theories. The results of Pauling are derived with the inclusion of previously neglected temperature effects. The metallic band structure assumed by Pauling is also modified and the modification is shown to lead to better agreement with the results of previous investigations.
\r\n\r\nThe ferromagnetic alloys are studied with the use of the Pauling theory. It is demonstrated that the simple theory is inadequate for the treatment of alloys, and an improved model is proposed. Calculations based upon this model provide qualitatively correct predictions of the behavior of the Curie temperature of many ferromagnetic alloys. Explanations of the abnormal behavior of the iron-vanadium and nickel-chromium alloys are offered.
\r\n\r\nThe effects of non-uniform electron distribution in ferromagnetic crystals are considered. An expression for the Curie temperature is derived. If reasonable values of the parameters which describe the non-uniformity are inserted in this expression, the result is an increase in the predicted Curie temperature of nickel and a decrease in that of iron, both of which are improvements. Some methods of estimating the values of the parameters are discussed.
\r\n\r\nIt is concluded that the Pauling theory, with appropriate modifications, will accurately describe ferromagnetic behavior.
", "doi": "10.7907/XD9G-QV08", "publication_date": "1955", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1955" }, { "id": "thesis:260", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "260", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01212004-110215", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Semenow_da_1955.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 2692059, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/260/1/Semenow_da_1955.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "1. The Mechanism of Aminations of Halobenzenes. ll. Quantum Mechanical Calculations of Electrical Effects of Substituents in Para-substituted Anilines", "author": [ { "family_name": "Semenow", "given_name": "Dorothy Ann", "clpid": "Semenow-Dorothy-Ann" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "John D.", "clpid": "Roberts-J-D" }, { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "PART I. The Mechanism of Aminations of Halobenzenes.\r\n\r\nAn elimination-addition mechanism, probably involving a \"benzyne\" intermediate, was established for the rearrangements which often occur in the conversion of non-activated aryl halides to arylamines with metallic amides. The evidence for the \"benzyne\" intermediate was obtained through 14C-tracer studies of rearrangements with iodobenzene, experiments designed to determine the role of the hydrogen atom located ortho to the displaced halogen atom and studies of orientations in the reactions of substituted halobenzenes.\r\n\r\nPART II. Quantum Mechanical Calculations of Electrical Effects of Substituents in Para-substituted Anilines.\r\n\r\nCalculations made by the simple molecular orbital method indicated that the relative basicities of aromatic amino groups para to electron-attracting substituents provide a reasonable measure of the charge on C4.", "doi": "10.7907/C8SK-WN09", "publication_date": "1955", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1955" }, { "id": "thesis:44", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "44", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01072004-094608", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Karplus_m_1954.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 2526050, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/44/1/Karplus_m_1954.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "A Quantum-Mechanical Discussion of the Bifluoride Ion", "author": [ { "family_name": "Karplus", "given_name": "Martin", "clpid": "Karplus-Martin" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "Nobel Prize" }, { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.\r\n\r\nThe variation method for obtaining approximate solutions to the Schrodinger equation is examined. It is demonstrated that one-electron orbitals can to employed in the construction of a convergent variation function. As special cases of the one-electron approach, the valence bond and molecular orbital methods are discused and compared.
\r\n\r\nVariation functions containing only a few terms are known to lead to incorrect results. The reasons for this failure are discussed. A semi-theoretical apnroach, which corrects some of the failings, is developed and tested on HF. Results in good agreement with experimental determinations of the energy and dipole moment are obtained. Application of the method to FHF\u207b leads to a value of 36.5 kcal for the energy of the reaction
\r\n\r\nF\u207b + HF \u2192 FHF\u207b
\r\n\r\nCalculation of the FHF\u207b wave function shows that the completely ionic structure (F\u207b H\u207a F\u207b) makes the largest contribution.
Part I
\r\n\r\nRabbit antibodies specific for the 3-(2-methyl-piperidino)propyl-p-aminobenzoate group have been prepared and the inhibition of precipitation of these antibodies\r\nhas been studied. It was found that a series of local \r\nanesthetics derived from piperidino alcohols were effective\r\ninhibitors of precipitation in this system. Reasonable\r\nexplanations of the serological properties of these drugs\r\nhave been given but it has not been found possible to\r\nestablish any relation between their serological properties\r\nand their pharmacological properties.
\r\n\r\nPart II
\r\n\r\nC14-carboxyl-labeled leucine has been administered to\r\nimmunized rabbits. While receiving the labeled amino acid\r\nthey also received intravenous injections of different\r\nantibody solutions. It was found that the normal constituents\r\nof the serum incorporated the radioactivity to any marked\r\nextent or else did so only upon the loss of their specific\r\nantibody characteristics.
", "doi": "10.7907/S9G7-0786", "publication_date": "1952", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1952" }, { "id": "thesis:10487", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "10487", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10052017-093432115", "type": "thesis", "title": "An Investigation of the Structures of Some Crystalline Peptides and the Synthetic Polypeptide Poly-\u03b3-Methyl-L-Glutamate", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yakel", "given_name": "Harry L.", "clpid": "Yakel-Harry-L" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Hughes", "given_name": "Emlyn Willard", "clpid": "Hughes-Emlyn-Willard" }, { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "The unit cell dimensions and space groups of \u03b1-triglycine,\r\ntriglycine hydrate and NN'-diglycyl-L-cystine have been\r\ndetermined by X-ray methods. The complete structure\r\nof NN'-diglycyl-L-cystine has also been elucidated. The\r\nstructural nature of the \"disulfide bridge\", which forms a \r\npart of this molecule, is described. Bond lengths and angles\r\nare of the usual size found in previous peptide molecules,\r\nbut there are several weak hydrogen bonds particularly in\r\nthe amide groups of the molecule.
\r\n\r\nAn investigation of the fibrous synthetic polypeptide\r\npoly-\u03b3-methyl-L-glutamate is reported. X-ray diffraction\r\ndata from well oriented \u03b1 fibers of this substance have\r\nbeen indexed on the basis of a hexagonal cell. The\r\nintensities of the X-ray reflections for two layer lines have\r\nbeen interpreted using the 3.6 residue \u03b1-helix model proposed\r\nby Pauling and Corey. A resume of the data appears to \r\nsupport this model for the polypeptide chain in \r\npoly-\u03b3-methyl-L-glutamate.
", "doi": "10.7907/JK0E-GS59", "publication_date": "1952", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1952" }, { "id": "thesis:10528", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "10528", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10182017-141152372", "type": "thesis", "title": "Studies in Molecular Structure and Valence State Energy", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sheehan", "given_name": "William Francis, Jr.", "clpid": "Sheehan-William-Francis" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Schomaker", "given_name": "Verner F.", "clpid": "Schomaker-V-F" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "The structures of six gaseous molecules, trifluoromethyl\u00adacetylene, \r\nperfluorobutyne-2, tetramethylsilane, tungsten \r\nhexacarbonyl, molybdenum hexacarbonyl, and osmium tetroxide, \r\nhave been determined from a study of their electron diffraction \r\npatterns by the visual correlation method employed in these \r\nLaboratories. An interpretation of the interesting features\r\nof the unusual structures of the hexacarbonyls and the tetroxide \r\nis given. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the \r\nenergies of the valence states of atoms as they exist in \r\ndiatomic molecules.\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/708M-H162", "publication_date": "1952", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1952" }, { "id": "thesis:16225", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16225", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10312023-190750018", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Bergman_BGunnar_1951.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 39072327, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16225/1/Bergman_BGunnar_1951.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. A Structural Investigation of the Mercury-Tin System. II. The Determination of the Crystal Structure of the Sigma Phase by Application of X-Ray Diffraction Methods to This Phase in the Iron-Chromium and Iron-Molybdenum Systems", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bergman", "given_name": "B. Gunnar", "clpid": "Bergman-B-Gunnar" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "A study of the mercury-tin system has been made by the application of thermal analysis and x-ray powder methods in order to determine whether four hypothetical intermetallic compounds of the compositions HgSn\u2083\u2085, HgSn\u2081\u2087, HgSn\u2081\u2081 and HgSn\u2088 proposed by Professor Linus Pauling, exist. The thermal analysis did not indicate the presence of these compounds in equilibrium with the liquid phase. By x-ray powder\r\nmethods the occurrence of only two different phases was established, one of tetragonal structure and identical with that of white tin, and one of simple hexagonal structure as has been reported by previous workers. The four intermetallic compounds proposed by Professor Pauling do not seem to exist.
\r\n\r\nThe structure of the sigma phase in the iron-chromium system at 46.5 at. % chromium content has been successfully determined by the application of x-ray diffraction methods. The structure is of a type that has not been observed earlier in intermetallic compounds.
\r\n\r\nThe structure of the sigma phase in the iron-molybdenum system has also been investigated briefly and found to be of the same type as the iron-chromium sigma structure.
", "doi": "10.7907/1gn8-2a14", "publication_date": "1951", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1951" }, { "id": "thesis:5940", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5940", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:06082010-110159875", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Tang_yc_1950.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 7158097, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5940/1/Tang_yc_1950.pdf", "version": "v4.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. The Investigation of the Alloy System Lead-Thallium. II. The Investigation of the Crystal Structure of the Complex of Hexamethylenetetramine with Manganous Chloride", "author": [ { "family_name": "Tang", "given_name": "You-Chi", "clpid": "Tang-You-Chi" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Sturdivant", "given_name": "James Holmes", "clpid": "Sturdivant-J-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "Part I: The Investigation of the Alloy System Lead-Thallium.\r\n The lattice spacings for alloys in the lead phase of the \r\nsystem lead-thallium were accurately determined. The \r\nlattice-spacing-composition curve disagrees with that previously constructed \r\nby Olander on the basis of his fewer determinations. \r\nThe new curve indicated that ordered phases PbTl_3 and PbTlTl_6 \r\nprobably occur.\r\n\r\nPart II: The Investigation of the Crystal Structure of the Complex\r\n of Hexamethylenetetramine with Manganous Chloride.\r\n Suitable crystals of the complex of hexamethylenetetramine \r\nwith manganous chloride were grown in a 1:1 mixture of alcohol \r\nand acetone. By chemical analysis the composition was shown\r\nto correspond to the formula, 2(CH_2)6N_4\u2022MnCl_2\u20222H_20. The crystal \r\nhas a pseudo unit cell with a_1 = 11.80 \u00c5., a_2 = 22.00 \u00c5., a_3 =\r\n7.21 \u00c5., and Z = 4. The pseudo space group is C^9_(2v)-P2_1nb. A\r\nfew weak reflections indicate that the a_1 axis should be doubled, \r\nbut no account was taken of this in the present determination.\r\n\r\n A trial structure derived from steric considerations and the \r\nintensities of reflections h00 led to a satisfactory interpretation \r\nof the Patterson distribution function. The approximate structure based \r\non the Patterson syntheses was confirmed by the Fourier projections \r\n\u03c1(x) and \u03c1(y,x), and by calculation of structure factors for reflections \r\nh00 and Ok\u2113.\r\n\r\n The structure has the following important features. A manganese \r\natom lies on the common three-fold axis of two hexamethylenetetramine \r\nmolecules at the center of symmetry of a complex molecule, and the Mn-Cl \r\nbonds are approximately perpendicular to the Mn-N bonds. Both the Patterson \r\nsyntheses andthe Fourier projections indicate that two molecules of \r\nwater are present in each complex molecule, and the Mn-O bonds are \r\napproximately normal to the plane of the Mn-Cl and Mn-N bonds.\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/NVF2-SD16", "publication_date": "1950", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1950" }, { "id": "thesis:16808", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16808", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10222024-192757047", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Keilin_B_1950.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 34642648, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16808/1/Keilin_B_1950.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Part I. The Adsorption of Capillary-Active Substances at the Dropping Mercury Electrode. Part II The Polarographic Analysis of Nitrite and of Nitrite-Nitrate Mixtures. Part III. An Electron Diffraction Investigation of the Structure of Some Organic Molecules: a) Some Cyclic Derivatives of Ethylene Glycol. b) Naphthalene and Anthracene", "author": [ { "family_name": "Keilin", "given_name": "Bertram", "clpid": "Keilin-Bertram" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Schomaker", "given_name": "Verner F.", "clpid": "Schomaker-V-F" }, { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Corey", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Corey-R-B" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "Part I. The Adsorption of Capillary-Active Materials at the Dropping Mercury Electrode
\r\n\r\nIt has been found that the addition of a capillary-active substance to a solution which is to be analyzed at the dropping mercury electrode brings about a decrease in the diffusion current which passes as a result of the discharge of the reducible ion. Molecules of the capillary-active compound, adsorbed on the surface of the growing drop, appear to deactivate a portion of this electrode surface. As a result, some of the reducible ions or molecules which reach the electrode vicinity by diffusion do not actually reach the electrode surface, and the current which passes as a result of the reduction is consequently decreased. As the concentration of capillary-active material is increased, the diffusion current decreases to a limiting value which is apparently dependent upon the amount of surface still left free on the electrode after a monomolecular layer of material has been adsorbed. Experimental verification and theoretical consequences of the foregoing are described in Part I of this thesis.
\r\n\r\nPart II. The Polarographic Analysis of Nitrite and of Nitrite-Nitrate Mixtures
\r\n\r\nIt has been found that a solution containing both nitrate and nitrite ions can be analyzed for both constituents in two polarographic experiments. With one aliquot part, the diffusion current due to the two constituents in the original solution is measured. In another aliquot part, the nitrite present is quantitatively oxidized to nitrate, and the diffusion current of the resulting solution is measured as before. The two experiments provide sufficient data for determining the quantity of each ion in the solution. The oxidation of nitrite is conveniently carried out with hydrogen peroxide in acid solution and the excess peroxide is destroyed catalytically by manganese dioxide in basic solution.
\r\n\r\nPart III. An Electron Diffraction Investigation of the Structure of Some Organic Molecules
\r\n\r\na) Some Cyclic Derivatives of Ethylene Glycol
\r\n\r\nThe results of an electron diffraction investigation of some cyclic derivatives of ethylene glycol (chlorophosphite ester, sulfite ester, and acetal) confirm the configuration assigned by the organic\r\nchemist to these molecules. Non-planarity of the five-membered ring may be demonstrated only in the chlorophosphite ester, in which also there is found an abnormally long phosphorus-to-chlorine bond distance and a subnormally short phosphorus-to-oxygen bond distance. The covalent bond distances in the other molecules were shown to be normal but no conclusion could be drawn concerning the planarity or nonplanarity of the ring systems.
\r\n\r\nb) Naphthalene and Anthracene
\r\n\r\nIn an electron diffraction investigation of naphthalene, the average carbon-to-carbon bond distance has been found to be 1.397 \u00b1 0.02 \u00c5. The limits of error cannot be narrowed sufficiently to permit a definite choice to be made among the theoretical models proposed by various workers, but the configuration suggested by Penney and Coulson appears to be in best agreement with the observations.
\r\n\r\nIn anthracene, the mean carbon-to-carbon bond distance has been found to be 1.419 \u00b1 0.02 \u00c5. Although no statement of the limits of error for the individual distances could be made, it was concluded that the best model in the region investigated is different than that proposed by Robertson, in which the atoms lie at the corners of regular hexagons.
", "doi": "10.7907/afvs-3n49", "publication_date": "1950", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1950" }, { "id": "thesis:17477", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17477", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:06232025-183816561", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Soldate_AM_1950.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 49292700, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17477/1/Soldate_AM_1950.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. The Crystal Structures of Certain Intermetallic Compounds: (a) The Nature of the Bonds in the Iron Silicide FeSi and Related Crystals; (b) A Study of the Structure of the Intermediate Compounds MG\u2082Tl, Mg\u2082In, and Mg\u2082Ga. II. Metallic Valence and X-Ray Emission Fine Structure: a Discussion. III. Crystal Structures of Certain Inorganic Compounds: (a) Crystal Structure of Sodium Borohydride; (b) A Redetermination of the Structural Parameters in the Cubic Modification of Arsenious Oxide", "author": [ { "family_name": "Soldate", "given_name": "Albert Mills", "clpid": "Soldate-Albert-Mills" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Sturdivant", "given_name": "James Holmes", "clpid": "Sturdivant-J-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "Part I. Section (a)
\r\n\r\nThe structure of the iron silicide FeSi was determined by\r\nmeans of X-ray single-crystal photography. The previously reported\r\nstructure was verified. The structure is based upon the\r\nspace group T4 - P213 with ao = 4.489 \u00b1 0.005 \u00c5.\r\nFour iron and four silicon atoms are in the positions (xxx; x + \u00bd. \u00bd - x, x;)\r\nwith xFe = 0.1370 \u00b1 0.0020 and xSi = 0.842 \u00b1 0.004.
\r\n\r\nA detailed discussion of the structure was given in terms\r\nof the resonating-valence-bond theory developed by Professor\r\nPauling.
\r\n\r\nPart I. Section (b)
\r\n\r\nAn investigation of the structures of the intermetallic\r\ncompounds Mg2Tl, Mg2In, and Mg2Ga was made. The methods of X-ray single-crystal and powder photography were employed.\r\nThe structures of Mg2Tl end Mg2In are based upon the space\r\ngroup D33h - C62m with three molecules in a unit cell of\r\ndimensions ao = 8.068 \u00b1 0.005 \u00c5, co = 3.457 \u00b1 0.0007 \u00c5;\r\nao = 8.324 \u00b1 0.005 \u00c5, co = 3.457 \u00b1 0.0007 \u00c5, respectively. The\r\nthree thallium or indium a toms are in the positions
\r\n\r\n1: (a) 000,
\r\n\r\n2: (c) \u2153 \u2154 \u00bd; \u2154 \u2153 \u00bd.
\r\n\r\nThe six magnesium atoms are in the positions
\r\n\r\n3: (f) x100; 0x1o; x1x10
\r\n\r\n3: (g) x20\u00bd; 0x2\u00bd; x2x2\u00bd.
\r\n\r\nIn the case of Mg2Tl x1 = 0.3746 \u00b1 0.0028 and x2 = 0.2866 \u00b1 0.0038.\r\nIt was not possible to fix the parameters x1 and x2 accurately\r\nin the instance of Mg2In, but it is highly probable that they\r\ndo not differ greatly from the corresponding values of Mg2Tl in terms of the \r\nresonating-valence-bond theory(1),(2) was given and it was \r\nfound that the valences of the thallium atoms are larger than \r\nthat exhibited in the elementary substance.
\r\n\r\nThe structure of Mg2Ga is apparently similar to that of\r\nMg2Tl and Mg2In. The positions of the atoms, however, necessitate\r\na doubling of the unit cell dimension along the c axis. It was\r\nnot possible to determine the exact position of the atoms.
\r\n\r\nPart II.
\r\n\r\nA discussion is given of the relationship between metallic\r\nvalence and the fine structure of the X-ray emission bands\r\nof metals, alloys, and intermetallic compounds. The study of\r\nfine structure seems to offer a chance to gain valuable information\r\nconcerning metallic valences; there is, hov1ever,\r\na great need for more experimental information.
\r\n\r\nPart III. Section (a)
\r\n\r\nThe structure of sodium borohydride was investigated\r\nby means of X-ray powder photography and found to be based\r\non a face-centered cubic lattice. The unit cell of dimensions \r\nao = 6.151 \u00b1 0.009 kX contains four sodium and four\r\nboron atoms arranged in the following manner:
\r\n\r\n4 Na at ooo, o\u00bd\u00bd, \u00bdo\u00bd, \u00bd\u00bdo
\r\n\r\n4 B at \u00bd\u00bd\u00bd, \u00bdoo, o\u00bdo, oo\u00bd
\r\n\r\nIt is probable that the structure consists of tetrahedral\r\nBH-4 ions and Na+ ions. The dimensions of the ions\r\nwould permit oscillation or rotation of the BH-4 tetrahedra.
\r\n\r\nPart III. Section (b)
\r\n\r\nThe structural parameters of the cubic modification of\r\narsenious oxide have been redetermined by means of X-ray\r\npowder and single crystal photography and found to agree\r\nclosely with those reported by Almin and Westgren(5).
\r\n\r\nThe structure is based upon the packing of As406\r\nmolecules which have the same dimensions as those found for\r\nthe molecules of the gas(2),(12).
", "doi": "10.7907/82p4-ba49", "publication_date": "1950", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1950" }, { "id": "thesis:712", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "712", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02222007-084824", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Itano_ha_1950.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 5592355, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/712/1/Itano_ha_1950.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. Contributions to the Study of Sickle Cell Hemoglobin. II. A Rapid Diagnostic Test for Sickle Cell Anemia", "author": [ { "family_name": "Itano", "given_name": "Harvey Akio", "clpid": "Itano-Harvey-Akio" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "The red blood cells of individuals who have either sickle cell anemia or sicklemia possess the capacity to undergo reversible changes in shape in response to changes in the partial pressure of oxygen. When the oxygen pressure is lowered, these cells change their forms from the normal biconcave disk to crescent, holly wreath, and other forms. This process, known as sickling, occurs more readily in sickle cell anemia than in sicklemia. The evidence available at the time this investigation was begun indicated that the process of sickling might be intimately associated with the state and nature of the hemoglobin in the sickle cell erythrocyte. Electrophoretic investigations revealed a difference in net charge between the hemoglobins of normal individuals and sickle cell anemia individuals. The hemoglobin from the erythrocytes of sicklemic individuals was found to consist of two electrophoretic components, identifiable with sickle cell anemia hemoglobin and normal hemoglobin. The globins derived from these hemoglobins cannot be distinguished from each other on the basis of electrophoretic experiments. Titration studies on these hemoglobins failed to reveal any significant differences in number and type of ionizable groups. A rapid chemical method was developed for producing sickle cells by the use of sodium dithionite.", "doi": "10.7907/J454-PF24", "publication_date": "1950", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1950" }, { "id": "thesis:17631", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17631", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08182025-175127143", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Vaughan_PA_1949.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 24628031, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17631/1/Vaughan_PA_1949.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. Preparation and Description of Some Derivatives of Molybdenum Dichloride. II. Structure Determination of Complex Molecules or Ions by X-Ray Diffraction by Solutions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vaughan", "given_name": "Philip Alfred", "clpid": "Vaughan-Philip-Alfred" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "See thesis PDF for abstract.", "publication_date": "1949", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1949" }, { "id": "thesis:17253", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17253", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05202025-153449195", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Pfeiffer_HG_1948.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 20434880, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17253/1/Pfeiffer_HG_1948.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "An X-Ray Diffraction Investigation of Silver Azide and Boric Oxide and an Electron Diffraction Investigation of Some Three-Membered Rings and Some Halogenated Methanes", "author": [ { "family_name": "Pfeiffer", "given_name": "Heinz Gerhard", "clpid": "Pfeiffer-Heinz-Gerhard" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Hughes", "given_name": "Edward Wesley", "clpid": "Hughes-Edward-Wesley" }, { "family_name": "Schomaker", "given_name": "Verner F.", "clpid": "Schomaker-V-F" }, { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "Sections I and II report the X-ray diffraction\r\ninvestigations of silver azide and boric oxide. Silver azide\r\ncrystallizes in a body-centered orthorhombic structure. The\r\nspace group is Ibam with four molecules in the unit cell.\r\nThe silver atoms are in (a), the central nitrogens in(~),\r\nand the end nitrogens in (j) with x = 0.156 and -y: 0.369.\r\nA new type of part cell projection is developed. Boric\r\noxide crystallizes in a hexagonal structure with three\r\nmolecules in the unit cell, ao = 4.320 Kx., co = 8.139 Kx.\r\nEach boron has three bonded oxygen neighbors at a distance\r\nof 1.35 \u00c5 and coplanar with the boron.
\r\n\r\nSections III and IV report electron diffraction\r\ninvestigations of some three-membered rings and some halogenated\r\nmethanes. The HCH bond angles of cyclopropane are\r\nabout 116\u00b0, the C-H distance 1.10 Kx., and the C-C distance\r\n1.515 Kx. The other three-membered rings...ethylene imine,\r\nethylene oxide, ethylene sulfide, and N-methyl ethylene\r\nimine...have HCH angles of 116\u00b0 and all other distances close\r\nto the sum of the covalent radii. The halogenated methanes...\r\ndifluorobromomethane, trifluorobromomethane, trichlorobromomethane,\r\nand difluorodibromomethane...have bond angles close\r\nto tetrahedral; the only significant deviation is the FCBr\r\nangle of 110.5\u00b0 in trifluorobromomethane. The bond lengths in\r\nthese compounds are close to the sum of the covalent radii\r\nwith the exception of the C-Br in difluorodibromomethane\r\n(1.925 Kx.) and in trifluorobromomethane (1.89 Kx.).
", "doi": "10.7907/qrgh-1m86", "publication_date": "1949", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1949" }, { "id": "thesis:17136", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17136", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04062025-023517312", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Hoyer_HW_1948.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 8753695, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17136/1/Hoyer_HW_1948.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Studies on the Diamagnetic Anisotropy of Crystals", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hoyer", "given_name": "Horst Walter", "clpid": "Hoyer-Horst-Walter" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Hughes", "given_name": "Edward Wesley", "clpid": "Hughes-Edward-Wesley" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "Apparatus for the measurement of magnetic anisotropy has been constructed. It is based upon a method first developed by Krishnan in which the torsional force due to the twist on a fine quartz fiber is used to measure the couple acting on the crystal resulting from its anisotropy. By this means the diamagnetic anisotropy of iodoform, arsenic triiodide and potassium chloroplatinite were measured. The results obtained with the last named compound indicated the presence of ferromagnetic impurities. A table of the diamagnetic anisotropy of organic compounds measured to January 1948 has been compiled.
", "doi": "10.7907/wje8-nt24", "publication_date": "1948", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1948" }, { "id": "thesis:17167", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17167", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04222025-154900081", "type": "thesis", "title": "I. An Attempt to Prepare Antibodies to Histamine In Vitro. II. An Investigation of a Possible Method for Preparing Large Single Crystals of Aluminum Orthophosphate. III. Investigations of the Crystal Structures of Amino Acids by X-Ray Diffraction: A. An Investigation of the Space-Group and Lattice Constants of dl-Serine. B. An Investigation of the Crystal Structure of \u2113-Threonine", "author": [ { "family_name": "Shoemaker", "given_name": "David Powell", "clpid": "Shoemaker-David-Powell" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Corey", "given_name": "Robert B.", "clpid": "Corey-R-B" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/a036-nq76", "publication_date": "1947", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1947" }, { "id": "thesis:2579", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "2579", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06142004-140844", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Mislow_km_1947.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 4431226, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/2579/1/Mislow_km_1947.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. The Synthesis of Potential Antimaterials. Some 2-Substituted 8-(3-Diethylaminopropylaminol)-Quinolines. II. Isomorphism in Relation to Serological Specificity. III. A Study of the Hammick Reaction", "author": [ { "family_name": "Mislow", "given_name": "Kurt Martin", "clpid": "Mislow-Kurt-Martin" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No Abstract Submitted.", "doi": "10.7907/60T0-BG46", "publication_date": "1947", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1947" }, { "id": "thesis:2664", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "2664", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06212004-111231", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Pardee_ab_1947.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 4058814, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/2664/1/Pardee_ab_1947.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. The Degree of Association of Some Simple Antigens. II. The Reactions of Synthetic Antigens with Specifically Purified Antibodies. III. The Size and Shape of Molecules of \"A\" Substance from Hog Gastric Mucin", "author": [ { "family_name": "Pardee", "given_name": "Arthur Beck", "clpid": "Pardee-Arthur-Beck" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Swingle", "given_name": "Stanley Morse", "clpid": "Swingle-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Campbell", "given_name": "Ian", "clpid": "Campbell-I" }, { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/9RYM-GG08", "publication_date": "1947", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1947" }, { "id": "thesis:17223", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17223", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05122025-214739895", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Shand_W_1946.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 37459574, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17223/1/Shand_W_1946.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Part I. Some Investigations of Molecular Structures by the Electron Diffraction Method. Part II. On the Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum of Ozone", "author": [ { "family_name": "Shand", "given_name": "Wiliam, Jr.", "clpid": "Shand-Wiliam" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Schomaker", "given_name": "Verner F.", "clpid": "Schomaker-V-F" }, { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/jx27-6t41", "publication_date": "1946", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1946" }, { "id": "thesis:4080", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "4080", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10142002-160250", "type": "thesis", "title": "I. Electron Diffraction Investigations of Vanadium Tetrachloride, Dimethylketene Dimer, Tetrachloroethylene, and Trichloroethylene. II. The Crystal Structure of Methylammonium Chloride", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lipscomb", "given_name": "William Nunn", "clpid": "Lipscomb-William-Nunn" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Schomaker", "given_name": "Verner F.", "clpid": "Schomaker-V-F" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "Nobel Prize" }, { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/TGA8-ST30", "publication_date": "1946", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1946" }, { "id": "thesis:3175", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "3175", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08202007-110657", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Waser_j_1944.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 6495361, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/3175/1/Waser_j_1944.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. A Survey of Structure Determinations of Organic Molecules by Diffraction Methods. II. An Electron Diffraction Investigation of Biphenylene. III. The Crystal Structure of Biphenylene. IV. On Arsenomethane. V. On the Radial Distribution Method in Electron Diffraction", "author": [ { "family_name": "Waser", "given_name": "J\u00fcrg", "clpid": "Waser-J\u00fcrg" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract .", "doi": "10.7907/G9WG-4K63", "publication_date": "1944", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1944" }, { "id": "thesis:17130", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17130", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04022025-184440823", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Grossberg_AL_1944.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 26254063, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17130/1/Grossberg_AL_1944.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Precipitin and Hapten Inhibition Reactions in Serological Systems Involving Simple Chemical Substances of Known Constitution", "author": [ { "family_name": "Grossberg", "given_name": "Allan Louis", "clpid": "Grossberg-Allan-Louis" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Pressman", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Pressman-David" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/jqt2-xs50", "publication_date": "1944", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1944" }, { "id": "thesis:17061", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17061", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03132025-204054395", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Swingle_SM_1943.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 28066325, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17061/1/Swingle_SM_1943.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Part I. Electron Diffraction Investigations of the Structures of Some Fifth Group Halides and of Quinine. Part II. Precipitation Reactions Between Antibodies and Benzoic Acid Derivatives. Part III. The Construction and Operation of a Tiselius Electrophoresis Apparatus", "author": [ { "family_name": "Swingle", "given_name": "Stanley Morse", "clpid": "Swingle-Stanley-Morse" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/55xs-a959", "publication_date": "1943", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1943" }, { "id": "thesis:17073", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17073", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03192025-182405303", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Pardee_AB_1943.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 3311957, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17073/1/Pardee_AB_1943.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Hapten Inhibition of Precipitation of Antisera Specific to the p-Azophenylarsonic Acid Group, the p-(p-Azophenylazo) Phenylarsonic Acid Group, and the p-Azophenylmeylarsinic Acid Group", "author": [ { "family_name": "Pardee", "given_name": "Arthur Beck", "clpid": "Pardee-Arthur-Beck" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/ga0t-gq17", "publication_date": "1943", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1943" }, { "id": "thesis:16951", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16951", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01132025-221915071", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Russell_CD_1939.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 20363121, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16951/1/Russell_CD_1939.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Magnetochemical Structural Investigations with Particular Reference to Hemoglobin Equilibria and Compound Formation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Russell", "given_name": "Charles Daniel, Jr.", "clpid": "Russell-Charles-Daniel" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/6014-2d85", "publication_date": "1940", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1940" }, { "id": "thesis:426", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "426", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02012005-110219", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Webb_jl_1940.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 6158741, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/426/1/Webb_jl_1940.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Magnetic Properties of Hemocyanin", "author": [ { "family_name": "Webb", "given_name": "John Leyden", "clpid": "Webb-John-Leyden" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the magnetic properties of hemocyanin in order to elucidate the oxygenation reaction. However, a number of other properties were examined as a preliminary basis for this work. These experiments were also of value in demonstrating the similarity of the hemocyanin used to the other hemocyanins and hence of the applicability of the magnetic work to these other proteins. As the hemocyanins are a class of proteins well adapted to studies from a comparative point of view, these results are of interest in themselves as the animal used was of a group not yet investigated. In order to increase the facility with which these comparative deductions are made I have devoted some space to results on other hemocyanins.\r\n\r\nAs no review of the hemocyanins has appeared for eight years, and much important work has been done meanwhile, I have felt justified in including some of the results of the recent work that bear on the final interpretation of the magnetic experiments.\r\n\r\nThe animal chosen for use was the giant key-hole limpet, Megathura crenulata, a Streptoneuran of the class Gasteropoda, found on the rocks in several places along the Pacific coast.\r\n\r\nFor the convenience of those who are not acquainted with all of the species mentioned I have included a table of common names at the end of the paper.", "doi": "10.7907/RZKK-QM20", "publication_date": "1940", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1940" }, { "id": "thesis:1518", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "1518", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04272004-162550", "type": "thesis", "title": "An Electron-Diffraction Investigation of Several Unsaturated Conjugated Molecules", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lu Valle", "given_name": "James Ellis", "clpid": "Lu-Valle-James-Ellis" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Schomaker", "given_name": "Verner F.", "clpid": "Schomaker-V-F" }, { "family_name": "Stevenson", "given_name": "David P.", "clpid": "Stevenson-D-P" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "[Summary]\r\n\r\nThe electron-diffraction investigation of formaldehyde, glyoxal, dimethylgloxal, oxalyl chloride, and vinyl ether has shown that the conjugating power of two carbon-oxygen double bonds is of the same magnitude as the conjugating power of two carbon-carbon double bonds. The criterion for the magnitude of the conjugating power is the decrease in the carbon-carbon single bond distance. The carbon-carbon single bond distance in glyoxal and dimethylgloxal is 1.47\u00c5 (lg), and the carbon-carbon single bond distance in butadiene and cyclopentadiene is 1.46\u00c5 (lh). These distances are the same within the experimental error of the determination.
\r\n\r\nThe investigation of formaldehyde (li) gave a reliable value of the carbon-oxygen double bond distance of 1.21\u00c5.
\r\n\r\nIn oxalyl chloride the carbon-carbon bond distance is only 1.50\u00c5 instead of 1.47\u00c5 as in glyoxal and dimethylgloxal (lg). The carbon-chlorine bond distance in the. same molecule is 1.72\u00c5, a shortening of of 0.04\u00c5. The value of 1.50\u00c5 may be explained by the competition of a free electron pair on the chlorine atom with the carbon-carbon single bond for the carbon-oxygen double bond.
\r\n\r\nIn vinyl ether a bond shortening of only 0.02\u00c5 in each bond or 0.04\u00c5 total shortening is reported. The shortening may be summed in this molecule as the heat of hydrogenation data(10) show that the amount of resonance in vinyl ether is the same as in ethyl vinyl ether. The shortening is due to the resonance between a tree electron pair on the oxygen atom and the two carbon-carbon double bonds. This shortening is less than that shown by the chloroethylenes(3) but the difference in electronegativity of chlorine and oxygen may well explain this fact.
\r\n\r\nThe molecules glyoxal, dimethylgloxal, oxalyl chloride and vinyl ether are all found to be coplanar and trans with the exception of oxalyl chloride in which the (COCl) groups are rotated 17\u00b0 from the trans position. The potential barrier restricting rotation in the first three molecules was found to be greater than five kcals. and it is indicated that the potential curve for oxalyl chloride will show a double minimum. No estimate was made at the potential barrier in vinyl ether.
", "doi": "10.7907/XRRJ-7H19", "publication_date": "1940", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1940" }, { "id": "thesis:16958", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16958", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01222025-224500277", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Hicks_BL_1939.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 46419156, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16958/1/Hicks_BL_1939.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "A. The Shape of the Compton Line for Helium and Molecular Hydrogen. B. Bond Formation in Simple Molecules", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hicks", "given_name": "Bruce Lathan", "clpid": "Hicks-Bruce-Lathan" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_pma" } ], "abstract": "A. By using variation functions which take into consideration the \r\ninstantaneous interaction of the electrons, momentum distribution functions\r\nand intensity distributions in the Compton line are computed for helium\r\nand molecular hydrogen, neglecting small relativity and binding corrections.\r\nThe half-value breadths are expressed in terms of 1/2 \u03bb* where 1\r\nis the wave-length displacement from the center of the shifted line\r\nand 2\u03bb* = (\u03bb12 + \u03bbc2 - 2\u03bb,\u03bbc cooX)1/2 \u03bb1 and \u03bbc are the primary and scattered wave-lengths and X the scattering angle.\r\nThe absolute breadth of the line may therefore be computed for any \u03bb1 and X. For \r\nhelium and molecular hydrogen the values of 1/2 \u03bb* at half-maximum are 10.8\r\nand 8.5, respectively.
\r\n\r\nB. This thesis is a review of the quantum mechanical methods which\r\nhave been used to compute the dissociation energies and interatomic \r\ndistances of homonuclear diatomic molecules in the ground state. In comparing\r\nthe different methods three qualifications for a successful type of\r\ntreatment are emphasized. First, it must be of as general applicability\r\nas possible. Second, the inherent uncertainty attending its application\r\nshould either be small or of known order of magnitude. Finally,\r\nit should provide a simple and general physical picture of bond formation.\r\nThese three qualifications are discussed in some detail for H2+ up to Li2.
\r\n\r\nNew calculations for the lithium molecule and for the beryllium\r\nmolecule-ion, Be2++, are described. In particular a comparison is made\r\nbetween the permissible types of hybridization treatment for Li2\r\nand Li2+. It is concluded that the complete hybridization of the atomic\r\norbitals in Li2 is not possible when the K electrons are neglected.
\r\n\r\nIn a section on numerical methods certain improvements in the \r\ntechnique of evaluating some of the two electron integrals are described.\r\nThe different procedures used in solving secular equations are compared\r\nwith regard to their accuracy, generality of application, and their amenableness\r\nto machine computation. It is shown how the Duncan-Collar-Aitken\r\ntechnique may be extended so that it conforms perfectly to the demands of \r\nquantum mechanical calculations.
\r\n\r\nThe problem discussed in this part of the thesis was suggested\r\nby Professor Linus Pauling, to whom I am also greatly indebted for\r\nadvice and guidance during the course of the work. To Dr. Sidney\r\nWeinbaum I owe my best thanks for his calculation of the numerical\r\nvalues of most of the integrals.
", "doi": "10.7907/vmd0-ez38", "publication_date": "1939", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1939" }, { "id": "thesis:16944", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16944", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01032025-232452716", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Wilson_JN_1939.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 30300903, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16944/1/Wilson_JN_1939.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Studies in Chemical Kinetics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wilson", "given_name": "John Norton", "clpid": "Wilson-John-Norton" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Dickinson", "given_name": "Roscoe Gilkey", "clpid": "Dickinson-R-G" }, { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/ryw6-gc28", "publication_date": "1939", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1939" }, { "id": "thesis:16887", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16887", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12022024-183107813", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Elliott_N_1938.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 21139971, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16887/1/Elliott_N_1938.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. Electromotive Force Measurements in Liquid Ammonia. II. Determination of the Structure of Crystals and Molecules by the Diffraction of X-Rays and Electrons and by Magnetic Measurements", "author": [ { "family_name": "Elliott", "given_name": "Norman", "clpid": "Elliott-Norman" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" }, { "family_name": "Yost", "given_name": "Don M.", "clpid": "Yost-D-M" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/b5pk-tj96", "publication_date": "1938", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1938" }, { "id": "thesis:4926", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "4926", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12102003-115316", "type": "thesis", "title": "I. Modifications of the Radial Distribution Method of Interpretation of Electron Diffraction Photographs of Gas Molecules. II. The Electron Diffraction Investigation of the Structure of Benzene, Pyridine, Pyrazine, Butadine, Cyclopentadiene, Furan, Pyrrole, and Theophene", "author": [ { "family_name": "Schomaker", "given_name": "Verner", "clpid": "Schomaker-Verner" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/PP7Z-VY74", "publication_date": "1938", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1938" }, { "id": "thesis:16830", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16830", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11022024-090738724", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Beach_JY_1936.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 18397535, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16830/1/Beach_JY_1936.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Application of Quantum Mechanics to Molecular Structure. Electron Diffraction Investigation of the Structure of Gas Molecules, and the Dependence of Interatomic Distance on Single Bond-Double Bound Resonance", "author": [ { "family_name": "Beach", "given_name": "John Youngs", "clpid": "Beach-John-Youngs" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/nyk7-yk34", "publication_date": "1936", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1936" }, { "id": "thesis:17121", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17121", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03312025-223924929", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Harker_D_1936.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 7083968, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17121/1/Harker_D_1936.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "The Application of the Three Dimensional Patterson Method and the Crystal Structures of Proustite, Ag\u2083AsS\u2083, and Pyrargyrite, Ag\u2083SbS\u2083", "author": [ { "family_name": "Harker", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Harker-David" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "It is shown that the three dimensional Patterson method can be so\r\nsimplified by the use of the symmetry properties of the crystal under consideration\r\nthat its use in determining the positions of atoms in crystals is\r\npracticable. This method is then used to determine the positions of the\r\nheavy atoms in proustite, Ag3AsS3. The positions of the sulfur atoms are\r\nfound by the use of the covalent atomic radii and assumptions concerning\r\nbond directions. The structure so derived is found to be compatible with\r\nthe observed data. Proustite is found to contain pyramidal AsS3 groups\r\nand silver atoms forming two bonds to sulfur in almost opposed directions.\r\nPyrargyrite, Ag3SbS3, is found to have almost the same structure as proustite.\r\nThe analytical statement of the structures is as follows:--
\r\n\r\nThe space group C63v - R3c, is common to both proustite and pyrargyrite.\r\nThe special positions of C63v are (in hexagonal axes)
\r\n\r\n2a) 0,0,z; 0,0,\u00bd+z
\r\n\r\n6b) x,y,z; y,x-y,z; y-x,x,z;
\r\n\r\ny,x,\u00bd+z; x,x-y,\u00bd+z; y-x,y,\u00bd+z;
\r\n\r\nand positions derived from these by the operations of the rhombohedral lattice.\r\nThe parameter values are:--
\r\n\r\nProustite
\r\n\r\nao = 10.74 \u00c5, co = 8.64 \u00c5
\r\n\r\n2As in 2a) ZAs = 0.000
\r\n\r\n6Ag in 6B) xAg = 0.246
\r\n\r\nyAg = 0.298
\r\n\r\nzAg = 0.235
\r\n\r\n6S in 6b) xS = 0.220
\r\n\r\nyS = 0.095
\r\n\r\nzS = 0.385
\r\n\r\nPyrargyrite
\r\n\r\nao = 11.04 \u00c5, co = 8.71 \u00c5
\r\n\r\n2Sb in 2a) ZSb = 0.000
\r\n\r\n6Ag in 6B) xAg = 0.250
\r\n\r\nyAg = 0.305
\r\n\r\nzAg = 0.210
\r\n\r\nxS = 0.220
\r\n\r\nyS = 0.105
\r\n\r\nzS = 0.355
", "doi": "10.7907/7x7x-cv79", "publication_date": "1936", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1936" }, { "id": "thesis:16797", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16797", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10162024-164410269", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Medlin_WV_1935.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 13770555, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16797/1/Medlin_WV_1935.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Interatomic Distances from X-Ray Power Photographs. The Crystal Structure of Mercuric Tellurate", "author": [ { "family_name": "Medlin", "given_name": "William Virgil", "clpid": "Medlin-William-Virgil" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "The Fourier series is discussed as a method\r\nfor obtaining directly the arrangement of atoms within\r\na crystal, and difficulties in this method are\r\npointed out. A recently developed treatment of x-ray\r\npowder photographs giving interatomic distances is\r\ntested on various substances and found to be\r\nsatisfactory when applied to compounds c011taining\r\nrelatively few heavy atoms- in reasonably simple\r\narrangement. Crystalline diphyenyliodonium iodide is\r\nshown to have an ionic bond between the iodine atoms.\r\nThe sulfur bond angle 1ti orpiment is measured, and\r\ngreat similarity is found to exist between the\r\nstructures of orpiment and realgar. The arsenic-sulfur\r\ndistance in sodium sulfantimonate is found to be\r\nsmaller than that predicted by the table of radii or\r\nPauling and Huggins. A short discussion is given of\r\nthe difficulties encountered in applying this method.
\r\n\r\nOn the basis of an incomplete investigation\r\ninto the crystal structure or mercuric tellurate, Hg3TeO6,\r\nthe TeO6 group is shown to exist as a unit here as in\r\ntelluric acid, with a shape that is nearly regularly\r\noctahedral. The unit cell size is found, and a\r\ndetermination of the space group is made.
", "doi": "10.7907/dsry-rp97", "publication_date": "1935", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1935" }, { "id": "thesis:16798", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16798", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10162024-181244304", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Ewing_FJ_1935.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 10019813, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16798/1/Ewing_FJ_1935.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "The Crystal Structure of Potassium Chloroplatinate. The Crystal Structure of Diaspore. The Crystal Structure of Lepidocrocite", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ewing", "given_name": "Frederick Junior", "clpid": "Ewing-Frederick-Junior" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "Crystals of potassium chloroplatinate, studied by means\r\nof spectral and Laue photographs, are shown to have the potassium\r\nchlorostannate structure with d100 = 9.73 \u00c5 and u = 0.240 = 0.005.\r\nThe reported value of u = 0.16 is shown to be incorrect, and the\r\ntheoretical treatment of Jones and Dent which supported this latter\r\nvalue is thereby deprived of its supposed agreement with experiment.
\r\n\r\nThe parameters in diaspora are redetermined, and the\r\nstructure is discussed from the standpoint of the coordination\r\ntheory. The existence and location of hydrogen bonds in the\r\nstructure are established, and representative formulas are proposed.
\r\n\r\nThe unit of structure, space group symmetry, and detailed\r\natomic arrangements of lepidocrocite are determined from x-ray\r\ndata, and the existence and location of hydrogen bonds in the\r\nstructure are established from considerations of interatomic distances. \r\nThe relationship between the diaspore and lepidocrocite\r\nstructures is discussed from the standpoint of the coordination theory,\r\nand found to depend on two alternative ways of satisfying the\r\nelectrostatic valence rule.
", "doi": "10.7907/pff2-gw87", "publication_date": "1935", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1935" }, { "id": "thesis:2939", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "2939", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-07202004-102922", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Wilson_eb_1933.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 2151242, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/2939/1/Wilson_eb_1933.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Wave Functions for Simple Atoms", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wilson", "given_name": "Edgar Bright", "clpid": "Wilson-Edgar-Bright" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "This thesis is a review of the methods which have been used to apply the Schrodinger equation to the problem of atomic structure, an important problem to chemists because it precedes any similar treatment of molecules and valence. Original work includes computations on helium, lithium, and beryllium, together with iso-electronic ions. The Thomas-Fermi statistical atom, the Hartree method of the self-consistent field, Pauling's and Slater's sets of screening constants, and the variation principle are discussed and estimates of their applicability made, Hydrogen, helium, lithium, and beryllium are individually treated and tables showing the results of many investigators included. In the case of lithium the new results give an ionization potential in very close agreement with experiment while the new work on beryllium is a slight but not satisfactory improvement over previous results. The Appendix lists tables of integrals used in the computations.\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/SJ1R-RT13", "publication_date": "1933", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1933" }, { "id": "thesis:10168", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "10168", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05122017-095401216", "type": "thesis", "title": "The Cleavage of Ionic Minerals. The Crystal Structure of Bixbyite and the C-Modification of the Sesquioxides", "author": [ { "family_name": "Shappell", "given_name": "Maple Delos", "clpid": "Shappell-Maple-Delos" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "Mineral cleavage can be resolved into two components;\r\ncleavability and optical effect. The electrical theory of matter\r\nin the solid state leads to a quantitative expression for the\r\ncleavability of ionic minerals
\r\n\r\n\r\nC{hkl} = A(hkl)/\u03a3\u00ednisicos \u03b8 i
\r\n\r\n\r\nApproximate values for s are obtainable by using the electrostatic\r\nbond strength. Systematic application to minerals whose constituent\r\natoms have inert-gas cores gives good agreement with observation.
", "doi": "10.7907/PTJH-EN65", "publication_date": "1933", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1933" }, { "id": "thesis:16793", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16793", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10142024-222455831", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Brockway_LO_1933.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 14419533, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16793/1/Brockway_LO_1933.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Electron Diffraction and the Molecular Structure of Gases. The Crystal Structure of Chalcopyrite", "author": [ { "family_name": "Brockway", "given_name": "Lawrence Olin", "clpid": "Brockway-Lawrence-Olin" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "An apparatus has been developed for the study of the\r\nmolecular structure of gases by the electron diffraction method.\r\nA number of improved features in the construction are described.
\r\n\r\nThe method has been applied to an investigation of the\r\nresonance among the possible electronic structures of the Lewis\r\ntype and also of the atomic configurations in certain molecules.
\r\n\r\nDiacetylene and cyanogen are found to be linear, contrary\r\nto a published report of evidence for a model with 150\u00b0 bond angles.
\r\n\r\nMethyl azide is found to have a linear azide group. The\r\nring model which has been proposed is shown to be eliminated. The\r\nring model for carbon suboxide has also been eliminated in favor of\r\na linear model.
\r\n\r\nChlorine dioxide shows evidence for the existence of the\r\nthree-electron bond, and this fact explains its lack of tendency to\r\npolymerize to Cl2O4.
\r\n\r\nThe hexafluoride of sulfur, selenium and tellurium are\r\nfound to have structures which may be represented by a regular octahedron\r\nwith six atoms at the corners surrounding the central atom.
\r\n\r\nThe interatomic distances for all of the above compounds\r\nare reported.
\r\n\r\nThe crystal structure of chalcopyrite has been re-investigated\r\nand the correct structure is reported.
", "doi": "10.7907/c9xm-jv17", "publication_date": "1933", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1933" }, { "id": "thesis:16720", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16720", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09122024-200600537", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Sherman_J_1932.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 18081083, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16720/1/Sherman_J_1932.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. The Calculation of Atomic Scattering Factors. II. The Crystal Structure of the Micas", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sherman", "given_name": "Jack Henry", "clpid": "Sherman-Jack-Henry" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/vgx7-n716", "publication_date": "1932", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1932" }, { "id": "thesis:16740", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16740", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09182024-170700357", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Hoard_JL_1932.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 17972776, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16740/1/Hoard_JL_1932.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. The Crystal Structure of Potassium Silver Cyanide. II. An X-Ray Examination of the 12-Molybdophosphates and Related Compounds. III. The Crystal Structure of Cadmium Chloride", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hoard", "given_name": "James Lynn", "clpid": "Hoard-James-Lynn" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/kd0j-7p10", "publication_date": "1932", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1932" }, { "id": "thesis:4702", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "4702", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12012003-084446", "type": "thesis", "title": "The Structure of the Ionic Crystals Brookite and Columbite", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sturdivant", "given_name": "James Holmes", "clpid": "Sturdivant-James-Holmes" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/ANRX-9P07", "publication_date": "1930", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1930" }, { "id": "thesis:2440", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "2440", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06042004-135746", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Hendricks_sb_1926.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 2677290, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/2440/1/Hendricks_sb_1926.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Crystal Structure Determinations", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hendricks", "given_name": "Sterling Brown", "clpid": "Hendricks-Sterling-Brown" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No Abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/BXG4-P850", "publication_date": "1926", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1926" }, { "id": "thesis:16612", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16612", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08062024-172939090", "type": "thesis", "title": "The Condition of Bismuth Salts in Aqueous Solutions and the Molar Electrode-Potential of Bismuth", "author": [ { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "David Frederick", "clpid": "Smith-David-Frederick" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Pauling", "given_name": "Linus", "clpid": "Pauling-L" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_chem" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/vskt-t918", "publication_date": "1922", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1922" } ]