[
    {
        "id": "authors:gzdfb-z5s45",
        "collection": "authors",
        "collection_id": "gzdfb-z5s45",
        "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180709-141347460",
        "type": "book_section",
        "title": "Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers: physics and applications",
        "book_title": "Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices III",
        "author": [
            {
                "family_name": "Zhou",
                "given_name": "Jianhui",
                "clpid": "Zhou-Jianhui"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Park",
                "given_name": "Namkyoo",
                "orcid": "0000-0003-0197-7633",
                "clpid": "Park-Namkyoo"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Vahala",
                "given_name": "Kerry J.",
                "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380",
                "clpid": "Vahala-K-J"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Newkirk",
                "given_name": "Michael A.",
                "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Miller",
                "given_name": "Barry I.",
                "clpid": "Miller-B-I"
            }
        ],
        "contributor": [
            {
                "family_name": "Osi\u0144sk",
                "given_name": "Marek",
                "clpid": "Osi\u0144sk-M"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Chow",
                "given_name": "Weng W.",
                "clpid": "Chow-Weng-W"
            }
        ],
        "abstract": "Nondegenerate four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers was studied both as a spectroscopic tool for probing semiconductor dynamics and as a wavelength conversion technique. Four-wave mixing spectra were measured at detuning frequencies ranging from GHz to THz rates and ultrasfast intraband mechanisms having relaxation time constants of 650 fs and less than 100 fs were revealed in the measurements. Cross-polarization four-wave mixing was also measured to study the inter quantum-well carrier transport process in quantum-well amplifiers. In addition, broadband wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers was investigated. Results concerning the conversion efficiency over spans up to 65 nm, as well as a demonstration of wavelength conversion with gain are presented. The issue of converted signal-to-background noise in this process is also addressed.",
        "doi": "10.1117/12.212536",
        "isbn": "0819417467",
        "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)",
        "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA",
        "publication_date": "1995-06-19",
        "pages": "638-649"
    },
    {
        "id": "authors:4qnfd-a1g45",
        "collection": "authors",
        "collection_id": "4qnfd-a1g45",
        "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120302-083451223",
        "type": "book_section",
        "title": "Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Traveling-wave Amplifiers  for Efficient, Broadband, Wavelength Conversion up to 65 nm",
        "book_title": "1994 IEEE Nonlinear Optics: materials, fundamentals and applications",
        "author": [
            {
                "family_name": "Vahala",
                "given_name": "Kerry J.",
                "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380",
                "clpid": "Vahala-K-J"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Zhou",
                "given_name": "Jianhui",
                "clpid": "Zhou-J"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Park",
                "given_name": "Namkyoo",
                "clpid": "Park-N-K"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Newkirk",
                "given_name": "Michael A.",
                "clpid": "Newkirk-M-A"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Miller",
                "given_name": "Barry I.",
                "clpid": "Miller-B-I"
            }
        ],
        "abstract": "Wavelength conversion is recognized as an important function in future fiber networks employing wavelength division multiplexing. The authors have recently demonstrated broad-band wavelength conversion over spans as large as 27 nm. Their approach uses ultra-fast four-wave mixing dynamics associated with intraband relaxation mechanisms in semiconductor traveling-wave amplifiers (TWA's). In the paper the authors present new results showing conversion over wavelength spans as large as 65 nm. This surpasses the previous record by over a factor of two. Of equal importance, they also verify experimentally their previous theoretical prediction that wavelength conversion efficiency varies as the cube of TWA single pass gain.\nIn the course of our previous work, we have shown that the theoretical efficiency, \u03b7, of this process can be expressed by the simple relation: \u03b7 = 3G + 2P + R(\u0394\u22cb) where \u03b7 is the ratio in dB of the converted signal output power to the signal input power and G is the\nsingle pass TWA optical gain. A crucial point is the presence of 3G in this expression - essentially, the wavelength converter uses the available TWA optimal gain three times. We verified this expression using an experimental setup similar to that described in. Tunable, single-frequency, erbium fiber ring lasers were used as pump and signal sources and TWA devices used contained tensile-strained mutli-quantum well active layers described in. Figure 1 shows conversion efficiency data plotted versus single-pass saturated optical gain. The pump power was -5.2 dBm and the signal power was -11.3 dBm. The measured slope of 3.18 confirms the cubic dependence of efficiency on single pass gain.",
        "doi": "10.1109/NLO.1994.470866",
        "isbn": "0-7803-1473-5",
        "publisher": "IEEE",
        "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, N.J.",
        "publication_date": "1994-07",
        "pages": "141-143"
    }
]