[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vh3ah-adj50", "eprint_id": 107232, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:47:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:54:01", "type": "conference_item", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Schlautman-Mark-A", "name": { "family": "Schlautman", "given": "Mark A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6522-4345" }, { "id": "Bilinski-Halka", "name": { "family": "Bilinski", "given": "Halka" } } ] }, "title": "Rates of abiotic Mn^(II) oxidation by O\u2082: Influence of various multidentate ligands at high pH", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2020 American Chemical Society.", "abstract": "Oxidn. of manganous manganese (Mn^(II)) is an important process driving manganese cycles in natural aquatic systems\nand leading to the formation of solid-phase Mn^(III,IV) (hydr)oxide products. Previous research has shown that some simple\nligands (e.g., phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride) can bind with Mn^(II) to make it unreactive to oxidn. by dissolved\noxygen. However, there is little to no understanding of the role played by strong, complex-forming ligands in Mn^(II) oxidn.\nreactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rates of abiotic Mn^(II) oxidn. by O\u2082 in the presence of several\nstrong complex-forming ligands (pyrophosphate, tripolyphosphate, EDTA, oxalate) in bicarbonate-carbonate buffered lab.\nsolns. of pH 9.42, 9.65 and 10.19. The influence of increasing ligand concns. on obsd. autocatalytic patterns of Mn^(II)\noxidn. was investigated, and initial oxidn. rates have been tentatively linked to the initial Mn^(II) speciation in exptl. solns.\nObsd. rates of Mn^(II) oxidn. decreased with increasing ligand concn. for all four ligands tested. However, the profiles\nobsd. and the magnitudes of decrease in initial oxidn. rates were different for the different ligands. Likely explanations for\nthese observations include the denticity of the tested ligands, the relative strength of the ligands to complex Mn^(II) vs.\nMn^(III), and the ability of some ligands to act as an electron donor and thereby enhance the back reaction.", "date": "2020-08", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Caltech Library", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201221-093509174", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201221-093509174", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "conference_item", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Morgan, James J.; Schlautman, Mark A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tse5w-5d839", "eprint_id": 59831, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:53:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:45:32", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hoffmann-M-R", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Michael R." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6495-1946" }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "J. J." } }, { "id": "Jacob-D-J", "name": { "family": "Jacob", "given": "D. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6373-3100" }, { "id": "Munger-J-W", "name": { "family": "Munger", "given": "J. W." } }, { "id": "Waldman-J-M", "name": { "family": "Waldman", "given": "J. M." } } ] }, "title": "Characterization of Reactants Reaction Mechanisms and Reaction Products Leading to Extreme Acid Rain and Acid Aerosol Conditions in Southern California", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1983 \n\nI thank Dr. H. N. Liljestrand of the University of Texas for\nhis help and advice. I also thank Drs. J. N. Galloway and\nG. E. Likens for interesting me in acid. rain. The support of\nthe Air Resources Board of California is acknowledged.\n\n
Submitted - a0-141-32.pdf
", "abstract": "Analyses of fogwater collected by inertial impaction in the Los Angeles basin and the San Joaquin Valley indicated unusually high concentrations of major and minor ions. The dominant ions measured were NO_3^-, SO_4^(2-), NH_4^+ and H^+ Nitrate exceeded sulfate on an equivalent basis by a factor of 2.5 in the central and coastal regions of the Los Angeles basin, but was approximately equal in the eastern Los Angeles basin and the San Joaquin Valley. Maximum observed values for NH_4^+, NO_3^- and SO_4^(2-) were 10., 12., and 5. meq L^(-1), while the lowest pH observed was 2.2. Iron and lead concentrations over 0.1 mM and 0.01 mM, respectively, were observed. High concentrations of chemical components in fog appeared to correlate well with the occurrence of smog events. Concentrations in fogwater were also affected by the physical processes of condensation and evaporation. Light, dissipating fogs routinely showed the highest concentrations.\nThe chemistry of urban fog has been modelled using a hybrid kinetic and equilibrium computer code. Extreme acidity found in Southern California fog may be due either to condensation and growth on acidic condensation nuclei or in situ S(IV) oxidation. Important oxidants of S(IV) were found\nto be O_2 as catalyzed by Fe(III) and Mn(II), H_2)_2 and 0_3. formation of hydroxymethane sulfonate ion (HMSA) via the nucleophilic addition of HSO_3^-to CH_2 CH_2O(\u2113) significantly increased the droplet capacity for S(IV) but did not slow down the net S(IV) oxidation rate leading to fog acidification. Gas phase nitric acid, ammonia and hydrogen peroxide were scavenged efficiently, although aqueous phase hydrogen peroxide was depleted rapidly by reduction with S(IV). Nitrate production in the aqueous phase was found to be dominated by HNO_3 gas phase scavenging. Major aqueous-phase species concentrations were controlled primarily by condensation, evaporation, and pH.", "date": "2015-08-24", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Air Resources Board", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150824-090846181", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150824-090846181", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "California Air Resources Board (CARB)", "grant_number": "A0-140-32" } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "a0-141-32.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tse5w-5d839/files/a0-141-32.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Hoffmann, Michael R.; Morgan, J. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g95hp-mxv71", "eprint_id": 58765, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 15:28:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:41:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Newman-D-K", "name": { "family": "Newman", "given": "Dianne K." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1647-1918" } ] }, "title": "A Conversation with James J. Morgan", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2015 by Annual Reviews. \n\nThe authors are not aware of any affiliations, memberships, funding, or financial holdings that might be perceived as affecting the objectivity of this review.\n\nSupplemental Material - ea43_morgan_supfig1.pdf
", "abstract": "In conversation with professor Dianne Newman, Caltech geobiologist, James \"Jim\" J. Morgan recalls his early days in Ireland and New York City, education in parochial and public schools, and introduction to science in Cardinal Hayes High School, Bronx. In 1950, Jim entered Manhattan College, where he elected study of civil engineering, in particular water quality. Donald O'Connor motivated Jim's future study of O_2 in rivers at Michigan, where in his MS work he learned to model O_2 dynamics of rivers. As an engineering instructor at Illinois, Jim worked on rivers polluted by synthetic detergents. He chose to focus on chemical studies, seeing it as crucial for the environment. Jim enrolled for PhD studies with Werner Stumm at Harvard, who mentored his research in chemistry of particle coagulation and oxidation processes of Mn(II) and (IV). In succeeding decades, until retirement in 2000, Jim's teaching and research centered on aquatic chemistry; major themes comprised rates of abiotic manganese oxidation on particle surfaces and flocculation of natural water particles, and chemical speciation proved the key.", "date": "2015-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences", "volume": "43", "publisher": "Annual Reviews", "pagerange": "1-27", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150706-082030436", "issn": "0084-6597", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150706-082030436", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-earth-060614-105439", "primary_object": { "basename": "ea43_morgan_supfig1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g95hp-mxv71/files/ea43_morgan_supfig1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Morgan, James J. and Newman, Dianne K." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vxxk3-ee902", "eprint_id": 34562, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:03:26", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 05:55:08", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Measurement and interpretation of acidity in Southern California rainfall and aerosols", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Department of Energy\nInstitutional Grant to the\nCalifornia Institute of Technology\nEnvironmental Quality Laboratory Block\nProgress Report on Project Element No. 8\nDecember 1, 1977 - November 30, 1978\n\nSubmitted - EQL_No._79-8.pdf
", "abstract": "The long-term goal of this work is to assess the environmental\nsignificance of acidity transport in the Southern California region.\nThere are three potentially important transport routes: wet flux of\nacidity to the surface of the basin; dry flux of acidity as aerosol\ndeposition; absorption of acidic and basic gases at the basin surface.\nWe view the research from two perspectives: (1) the overall mass\nbalance aspect of sources and sinks for various acids and bases\n(nitric acid, sulfuric acid, ammonia, organic acids, etc.) in the\nbasin, and (2) the potential environmental impact of acid components\ntransported via specific routes.\nThe purpose of this research is to understand the transport of\nacidity in its various physical-chemical forms from energy-related\nsources to receptors in the Southern California region. The work\nentails: (a) chemical characterization of rainfall to define kinds\nand amounts of acid substances present; (b) relationships between air\nquality and the acid-base chemistry of Southern California rainfall;\nand (c) the relationships between acid transport and sources of\nacidity.", "date": "2012-10-01", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120928-160334113", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120928-160334113", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/vxxk3-ee902", "primary_object": { "basename": "EQL_No._79-8.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vxxk3-ee902/files/EQL_No._79-8.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tsxwn-nah13", "eprint_id": 34544, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:08:41", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 05:54:55", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Measurement and interpretation of acidity in Southern California rainfall and aerosols", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Department of Energy\nInstitutional Grant to the\nCalifornia Institute of Technology\nEnvironmental Quality Laboratory Block\nProgress Report on Project Element No. 8\nDecember 1, 1978 - November 30, 1979\n\nSubmitted - EQL_No._80-5.pdf
", "abstract": "The semiarid climate of southern California and relatively high\nair pollutant concentrations during the dry season lead to a higher\ndry flux than wet flux of acidity. Additional research is needed\nto measure the dry flux as well as ambient ammonia concentrations.\nThe relative importances of the dry flux, wet flux and advection\nfor the Los Angeles Basin are summaried in Table 8.1. The wet\nflux is about an order of magnitude less than the total dry flux,\nalthough it is greater than the dry flux due to aerosol deposition.\nOf the acids and bases released in the basin, more than half are\nexported out of the basin by advection.", "date": "2012-09-28", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120928-115502874", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120928-115502874", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/tsxwn-nah13", "primary_object": { "basename": "EQL_No._80-5.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tsxwn-nah13/files/EQL_No._80-5.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/49tyb-8rk63", "eprint_id": 25774, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:26:23", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 05:27:39", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Brooks-N-H", "name": { "family": "Brooks", "given": "Norman H." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Research report: 1983-1985", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Environmental Quality Laboratory. California Institute of Technology.\n\nAppendix: Publications (Cumulative List from 1971 to Present)\n\nSubmitted - EQLmemo25.pdf
", "abstract": "The Environmental Quality Laboratory at Caltech is a center for research on large scale systems problems of natural resources and environmental quality. The principal areas of investigation at EQL are: \n\n1. Air quality management. \n\n2. Water resources and water quality management. \n\n3. Control of hazardous substances in the environment. \n\n4. Energy policy, including regulation, conservation and\nenergy-environment trade-offs. \n\n5. Resources policy (other than energy); residuals management. \n\nEQL research includes technical assessments, computer modeling, studies of environmental control options, policy analyses, and research on important components of the large scale systems. Field work is also undertaken at EQL, some in collaboration with other organizations, to provide critical data needed for evaluation of systems concepts and models. \n\nEQL's objectives are as follows: \n\n1. To do systematic studies of environmental and resources problems. The results of these studies, including the clarification of policy alternatives. are communicated to decision-makers in government and industry, to the research community, and to the public. As an organization. EQL refrains from advocating particular policies, but seeks to\npoint out the implications of the various policy alternatives. \n\n2. To contribute to the education and training of people in these areas through involvement of pre-doctoral students, post-doctoral fellows, and visiting faculty members in EQL activities. This educational effort is just as important as the results of the studies themselves, and should make lasting contributions to the nation's ability to solve its environmental and resources problems. \n\nThe work at EQL goes beyond the usual academic research in that it tries to organize and develop the knowledge necessary to clarify society's alternatives by integrating relevant disciplines. EQL works on solving problems of specific localities when there is a strong element of public interest or educational value, or the concepts and results are applicable to other places. \n\nThe research of EQL is done under the supervision of faculty members in Environmental Engineering Science, Chemical Engineering, and Social Science. \n\nThis research report covers the period from October 1983 through September 1985.", "date": "2009-12-07", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechEQL:EQL-M-25", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEQL:EQL-M-25", "rights": "You are granted permission for individual, educational, research and non-commercial reproduction, distribution, display and performance of this work in any format.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/49tyb-8rk63", "primary_object": { "basename": "EQLmemo25.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/49tyb-8rk63/files/EQLmemo25.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Brooks, Norman H. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tgt72-7kr69", "eprint_id": 25754, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:39:25", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 05:27:00", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jackson-George-A", "name": { "family": "Jackson", "given": "George A." } }, { "id": "Koh-Robert-C-Y", "name": { "family": "Koh", "given": "Robert C. Y." } }, { "id": "Brooks-N-H", "name": { "family": "Brooks", "given": "Norman H." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Assessment of alternative strategies for sludge disposal into deep ocean basins off Southern California", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1979 Environmental Quality Laboratory. California Institute of Technology. \n\nEQL's research project on effects of alternative practices for sewage sludge discharge in the ocean has been supported in turn by the Ford Foundation (Grant No. 740-0469) from 1975 through February 1977; by the Rockefeller Foundation (Grant No. CA NES 7706) from March 1977 through February 1978; and by a consortium of the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, the City of Los Angeles, and the County Sanitation Districts of Orange County since August 1977. Bill Davis and Roger T. Haug, representing the local sponsoring agencies, provided very helpful liaison. The authors wish to acknowledge especially the summer (1977) research work of Douglas Kent, who conducted the literature review on chemical information and prepared the first draft of most of Appendix 1; Victor Pereyra, who helped with the computations; and Russ McDuff and Joris Gieskes, who helped obtain the hydrographic data. For skillful typing of the manuscript, our thanks go to Debra Brownlie, Diane Davis, Pat Houseworth, Dana Leimbach, Joan Matthews, and Donna Straight. We also thank Pat Marble for her assistance with graphics and Theresa Fall for editorial assistance.\n\nThis study is part of EQL's ongoing research on the assessment of various strategies for ocean disposal of digested sewage sludge, with particular reference to the Southern California Bight. Two reports have been issued previously, supported in part by the Ford Foundation. \n\nThis report presents work in progress since early 1977, with support of the Rockefeller Foundation and three local sewerage agencies (City of Los Angeles, Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, and Sanitation Districts of Orange County). The latter contract covers LA/OMA sub-element 5.2 except for limited field work being done under a separate contract by the Southern California Coastal Water Research Project. SCCWRP's report of field work is included as an attachment to this report.\n\nSubmitted - EQLReport14.pdf
", "abstract": "The general framework of engineering alternatives for regional ocean sludge disposal is well described in a report by Raksit, and will not be repeated here. The various ocean disposal alternatives are less costly than all land-disposal and incineration/pyrolysis systems studied. Even though ocean sludge disposal is currently contrary to both state and federal regulations, it is hoped that this study will advance our scientific and engineering knowledge of the behavior and effects of sludge discharge in deep water, in case the regulatory policy is reexamined in the future. \n\nWith this report we hope we have demonstrated the potential and difficulties of some new modeling techniques for predicting the effects of sludge discharge in the ocean. In the future. we believe it will be possible to formulate policy of ocean sludge discharges with much better case-by-case predictions of impacts for comparison with other alternatives (such as land disposal). not only for the Los Angeles/Orange County areas, but for all coastal urban areas.", "date": "2009-11-18", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechEQL:EQL-R-14", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechEQL:EQL-R-14", "rights": "You are granted permission for individual, educational, research and non-commercial reproduction, distribution, display and performance of this work in any format.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Ford Foundation", "grant_number": "740-0469" }, { "agency": "Rockefeller Foundation", "grant_number": "CA NES 7706" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/tgt72-7kr69", "primary_object": { "basename": "EQLReport14.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tgt72-7kr69/files/EQLReport14.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Jackson, George A.; Koh, Robert C. Y.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yfjab-36h79", "eprint_id": 111949, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:55:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:49:47", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Stumm-Werner", "name": { "family": "Stumm", "given": "Werner" } }, { "id": "Hem-John-D", "name": { "family": "Hem", "given": "John D." } } ] }, "title": "Water", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "water; solvent; solute species; hydrological cycle; water reservoirs; human appropriation; renewable fresh water; water circulation; acid rain; groundwater; rocks; weathering; biochemical cycle; sources; stream quality; geochemistry; circulation rates; quality trends; surface water ecology; carbon; nitrogen; chlorine; sulfur; analysis; minerals; gases; metals; nonmetals; organic materials; bacteria; radioactive materials; color; taste; odor; hardness; pH; biochemical oxygen demand; chemical oxygen demand; detergents; pesticides", "note": "\u00a9 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. \n\nFirst published: 16 June 2006.", "abstract": "The physical-chemical properties of water as a solvent are tabulated. The magnitude of the main reservoirs and fluxes in the hydrological cycle, with special attention given to the human appropriation of renewable fresh water, are given. The acquisition of solutes in the water is discussed in the context of circulation of water with rocks, atmosphere, and biota, with special attention given to chemical weathering, the biogeochemical cycle, chemical equilibria, and the chemical speciation of the elements. \n\nFactors affecting stream quality and general principles of stream water geochemistry are given. Ideally, water is controlled by the alteration of rock minerals through chemical weathering processes, which liberate soluble products. These processes are controlled or influenced by climatic factors, such as rainfall, air temperature, and evaporation associated with biological or biochemical processes. Human activity impacts water quality in an ever increasing manner. Carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen are present in the hydrologic cycle and their increase or decrease is an indication of water quality. \n\nThere are many techniques for water analysis. A great deal, however, can be determined by a few physical and chemical tests. This article deals with fresh water analysis primarily and may not be suitable for saline water. \n\nTests for physical properties include: temperature, specific conductance, color, turbidity, taste and odor, dissolved solids and suspended solids, and pH. \n\nThere are many principal mineral constituents and gases that can be determined. Information is given for the determination of alkalinity, acidity, hardness, sodium and potassium, chloride, sulfate, nitrate and nitrite, fluoride, phosphate, boron and borates, silica and oxygen. \n\nAnalysis of minor mineral constituent and gases, BOD, detergents, pesticides, and radioactive materials, both artificial and natural, and identification of bacteria round out the section on analysis.", "date": "2006-06-16", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Wiley", "place_of_pub": "Hoboken, NJ", "pagerange": "1-53", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20211118-221355440", "isbn": "9780471484943", "book_title": "Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211118-221355440", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1002/0471238961.1618151613151807.a01.pub2", "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Morgan, James J.; Stumm, Werner; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wmeyt-8gs90", "eprint_id": 106984, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:45:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:14:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Klewicki-J-Kenneth", "name": { "family": "Klewicki", "given": "J. K." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "J. J." } } ] }, "title": "Dissolution of \u03b2-MnOOH particles by ligands: pyrophosphate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and citrate", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Elsevier. \n\nReceived 15 October 1998, Revised 29 April 1999, Accepted 29 April 1999, Available online 22 November 1999. \n\nWe thank Alan T. Stone for valuable discussions concerning the experiments with EDTA. Janet G. Hering offered helpful advice about appropriate kinetic expressions. Critical, constructive questions and suggestions by the anonymous reviewers proved very beneficial. Financial support from the Mellon Foundation and a General Motors Research grant is gratefully acknowledged.", "abstract": "Experiments describing the extent of dissolution of \u03b2-MnOOH(s) suspensions vs. time using measurements of both total dissolved Mn and Mn(III) complex species show that the ligands pyrophosphate (P\u2082O\u2087\u2074\u207b), ethyelenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA\u2074\u207b), and citrate (CIT\u00b3\u207b), each in large excess with respect to solids concentration and estimated surface sites, promote dissolution by different mechanisms and at different rates. Pyrophosphate dissolution of \u03b2-MnOOH yields predominately the Mn(III)P\u2082O\u2087(aq) complex. EDTA\u2074\u207b causes reductive dissolution, with no Mn(III) complexes of the ligand observed in solution. Citrate causes ligand-promoted dissolution in the initial stages of reaction, after which solution phase reactions bring about reduction of Mn(III)CIT(aq) to Mn(II) solution species. Rates of dissolution at circum-neutral pH show somewhat higher rates at lower pH. Initial rates of ligand-promoted dissolution, R\u2080, by pyrophosphate were in the range \u223c 8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2078 to 6 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2077 mol g\u207b\u00b9 s\u207b\u00b9 between pH 8 and 6.5. For reductive dissolution by EDTA, initial rates, R0, ranged from \u223c 8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2077 to 2 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 mol g\u207b\u00b9 s\u207b\u00b9 between pH 8 and 7. At pH 6.3, initial dissolution rate with citrate was \u223c 6 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 mol g\u207b\u00b9 s\u207b\u00b9. Results of this exploratory study of MnOOH dissolution by ligands at circum-neutral pH suggest that manganese cycling in natural waters may involve loss of MnOOH particles promoted by naturally-occurring or pollutant ligands with formation of Mn(III) aqueous complexes.", "date": "1999-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "volume": "63", "number": "19-20", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "3017-3024", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122140846", "issn": "0016-7037", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122140846", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "General Motors" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00229-x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Klewicki, J. K. and Morgan, J. J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pbnt6-2gy95", "eprint_id": 86343, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:20:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:29:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Blackwell-V-R", "name": { "family": "Blackwell", "given": "Veronica R." } }, { "id": "Johnson-D-E", "name": { "family": "Johnson", "given": "Don E." } }, { "id": "Spencer-D-F", "name": { "family": "Spencer", "given": "Dwain F." } }, { "id": "North-W-J", "name": { "family": "North", "given": "Wheeler J." } } ] }, "title": "Hydrate Formation from Gaseous CO_2 and Water", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1999 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review July 20, 1998. Revised manuscript received January 29, 1999. Accepted February 5, 1999. \n\nWe are grateful to Mr. Wayne Talmiter of Genencor for providing a sample of snomax for use in our investigations. Assistance from the staff of the Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory is acknowledged with gratitude. The research was supported by a grant from the Electric Power Research Institute.\n\nSupplemental Material - es980736k_s.pdf
", "abstract": "Economics of creating CO_2 hydrate on a large scale favor use of gaseous rather than liquid CO_2 as input to the production process. We accordingly studied systems using deionized water and CO_2 gas to reduce formation pressures and costs of hydrate production to the greatest extent possible. Three research avenues were explored:\u2009 utilization of hysteresis effects, use of dissolved Snomax (a protein from the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae), and development of a continuous flow reactor (cfr) utilizing vigorous mixing of water and CO_2 gas. Hysteresis effects produced pressure reductions of 14\u221250%. We demonstrated a method of transferring benefits from the hysteresis effect to a CO_2 water mixture that had not yet undergone hydrate formation. Snomax at 10 ppm by weight produced about a 5% reduction in hydrate formation pressure. We designed and operated a prototype cfr with partial success at producing CO_2 hydrate. The hydrate phase diagram is based on hydrate decomposition pressures and should not be used as an indicator of formation pressures.", "date": "1999-05-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "33", "number": "9", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1448-1452", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-152202753", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-152202753", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es980736k", "primary_object": { "basename": "es980736k_s.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pbnt6-2gy95/files/es980736k_s.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Morgan, James J.; Blackwell, Veronica R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6gfep-fzq83", "eprint_id": 85269, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:24:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:02:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Klewicki-J-K", "name": { "family": "Klewicki", "given": "J. Kenneth" } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Kinetic Behavior of Mn(III) Complexes of Pyrophosphate, EDTA, and Citrate", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1998 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review March 27, 1998. Revised manuscript\nreceived July 3, 1998. Accepted July 3, 1998. Publication Date (Web): August 15, 1998. \n\nThe financial assistance of the Mellon Foundation, the U.S. National Science Foundation, and a General Motors Research Grant in support of this work is acknowledged. We thank Kenneth H. Nealson, George W. Luther III, and Alan T. Stone for directing our attention to possibilities for aqueous Mn(III) kinetics. Janet G. Hering and Michael R. Hoffmann proposed several valuable ideas. Constructive reviews by William Sunda and two anonymous referees proved very helpful.", "abstract": "Aqueous complexes of Mn^(3+) ion with the ligands pyrophosphate (P_2O_7^(4-)), EDTA (C_(10)H_(12)O_8N_2^(4-), ethylenediaminotetraacetate^(4-)), or citrate (CIT^(3-), C_6H_5O_7^(3-)) were prepared rapidly in solution by the general reaction:\u2009 Mn(VII) + 4Mn(II)L + L\u2192 5Mn(III)L, where L is the ligand (in known excess). Different initial pH values of the complex solutions were obtained by prior addition of required acid, base, or buffer. Disappearance of Mn(III)L complex with time was monitored by light absorbance at appropriate wavelengths. Rates of loss for each Mn(III)L complex are found to depend on pH and the ratio [ligand]_T/[Mn]_T. Relative chemical time scales for Mn(III)L disappearance at neutral pH and similar ligand-to-metal ratios were manganese(III) pyrophosphate > manganese(III) citrate >> manganese(III) EDTA. The kinetic observations are interpreted as reflecting ligand hydrolysis and disproportionation in the case of pyrophosphate (a nonredox active compound), inner-sphere electron transfer from citrate to Mn^(3+), and both outer-sphere and intramolecular electron transfer from EDTA to Mn^(3+). In the presence of O_2, manganese(II) citrate complex is reoxidized to manganese(III) citrate. The results suggest a potential for formation of Mn(III) complexes with ligands in great excess and kinetic stabilization under certain natural water conditions (e.g., where pronounced redox gradients are present or where appreciable concentrations of superoxide, peroxide, and hydroxyl radical are produced). Similar Mn(III) behavior to that reported here might be anticipated for other ligands such as catechol and humic mattter in natural waters.", "date": "1998-10-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "32", "number": "19", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "2916-2922", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180313-085319215", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180313-085319215", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "General Motors" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es980308e", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Klewicki, J. Kenneth and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/j8tmt-s7x74", "eprint_id": 86359, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 02:35:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:30:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "North-W-J", "name": { "family": "North", "given": "Wheeler J." } }, { "id": "Blackwell-V-R", "name": { "family": "Blackwell", "given": "Veronica R." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Studies of CO_2 Hydrate Formation and Dissolution", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1998 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review June 2, 1997. Revised manuscript received December 3, 1997. Accepted December 10, 1997. Publication Date (Web): January 22, 1998. \n\nAssistance from Dwain F. Spencer, Don E. Johnson, and staff of the Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory is gratefully acknowledged. The research was supported by a grant from the Electric Power Research Institute. Laurence G. Jones prepared the diagrams.", "abstract": "Sequestering waste CO_2 in the deep ocean as a gas, liquid, or hydrate has been variously proposed (1\u22123). We describe experiments producing CO_2 hydrate that may eventually assist in developing methodology for large-scale creation of this ice-like substance. We produced a simple and inexpensive system for conducting high-pressure experimentation. We established the minimum ratio of CO_2 to water (both deionized water and seawater) needed to produce stable traces of hydrate. We suggested an explanation for the differences observed in forming hydrate from the two media. We demonstrated that hydrate decomposed when exposed to an intermittent flow of water. We proposed a model of pathways involved in forming CO_2 hydrate. Previous reports on hydrate formation have emphasized pressure\u2212temperature relationships and effects thereon. Our experimentation focused on the amount of CO_2 in all phases inside the pressure chamber (designated as \u03a5-CO_2). The minimum \u03a5-CO_2 needed for producing hydrate varied with pressure. Hydrate became unstable and decomposed in intermittently flowing water. Our approach has yielded new information regarding requirements for hydrate formation and the potential for dissolution in the deep ocean.", "date": "1998-03-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "32", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "676-681", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-154903422", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-154903422", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es970483f", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "North, Wheeler J.; Blackwell, Veronica R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a7wdj-9rp14", "eprint_id": 86347, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-18 23:54:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:29:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Scott-M-J", "name": { "family": "Scott", "given": "Michael J." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Reactions at Oxide Surfaces. 2. Oxidation of Se(IV) by Synthetic Birnessite", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1996 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review October 5, 1995. Revised manuscript received February 2, 1996. Accepted February 12, 1996. \n\nThis research was funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, by the United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, through the State Water Resources Research Institute (Project 14-08-0001-G1550), and by the University of California Water Resources Center (Project UCAL-WRC-W-22605-89(03)).", "abstract": "The rates and mechanisms of the reactions between aqueous Se(IV) and synthetic birnessite (\u03b4-MnO2) particles were studied. The experimental results at pH 4 and 25 \u00b0C indicate that the initial disappearance of Se(IV)(aq) from solution is rapid with a time scale of minutes. The oxidation product Se(VI)(aq) appears in detectable concentrations after 12 h of reaction and is slowly produced at a constant rate throughout the duration of the experiments (28 days). The extended reaction period results in most of the product Mn(II) being adsorbed by the oxide surface. The lack of oxidation of Se(IV)(aq) in an oxygenated homogeneous solution and the appearance of Se(VI)(aq) in an O_2-free birnessite suspension is evidence for the redox reaction between Se(IV) and Mn(IV). Increasing the pH of the particle suspension from 4 to 7 decreases the initial uptake of Se(IV) and the production of Se(VI). Increasing the temperature of the particle suspension from 25 to 35 \u00b0C has little effect on the rate of disappearance of aqueous Se(IV) during the initial 100 h, but after this time period, higher temperatures increase the rate of Se(IV) depletion. Increasing the temperature of the suspension does increase the rate and amount of Se(VI) that is released into solution. These observations suggest the following:\u2009 (i) birnessite directly oxidizes Se(IV) through a surface mechanism, (ii) the rate-limiting step in the production of Se(VI) is most likely the electron transfer step, and (iii) the reaction products Se(VI) and Mn(II) are released by different steps. The rates and energetics of Se(IV) oxidation by inorganic redox reactions with manganese dioxide are compared to those previously reported for As(III) and Cr(III).", "date": "1996-05-23", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "30", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1990-1996", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-152203857", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-152203857", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "USGS" }, { "agency": "State Water Resources Research Institute", "grant_number": "14-08-0001-G1550" }, { "agency": "University of California Water Resources Center", "grant_number": "UCAL-WRC-W-22605-89(03)" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1021/es950741d", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Scott, Michael J. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7z877-cy593", "eprint_id": 85268, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 06:11:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:02:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Scott-M-J", "name": { "family": "Scott", "given": "Michael J." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Reactions at Oxide Surfaces. 1. Oxidation of As(III) by Synthetic Birnessite", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1995 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review August 15, 1994, Accepted April 18, 1995. \n\nThis research was funded in part by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, by the United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, through the State Water Resources Research Institute (Project 14-08-0001-G1550), and by the University of California Water Resources Center [Project UCAL-WRC-W-22605-89(03)].", "abstract": "The rates and mechanisms of the reactions between\naqueous As(III) and synthetic birnessite (\u03b4-MnO_2)\nparticles were studied. The experimental results at pH\n4 indicate that the depletion of As(III) from solution\nis rapid, with a time scale of minutes. The oxidation\nproduct As(V) is released almost as quickly, while\nthe release of the reduction product Mn(II) is slightly\nslower. The results also show that the concentration\nof dissolved oxygen has no effect on the rate of reaction.\nThese observations suggestthat (i) birnessite directly\noxidizes As(III) through a surface mechanism, (ii) the\nadsorption of As(III) is the slowest step in the\nproduction of As(V), and (iii) the reaction products As-\n(V) and Mn(II) are released via different mechanisms.\nThe time-dependent behavior of the aqueous reactants and products over a pH range from 4 to \n8.2, and a temperature range from 15 to 35 \u00b0C is also \ndiscussed. The rates of As(III) oxidation by inorganic \nredox reactions with manganese dioxides are \ncompared to observed As(III) oxidation rates in natural \naquatic systems.", "date": "1995-08-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "29", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1898-1905", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180313-083650021", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180313-083650021", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "USGS", "grant_number": "14-08-0001-G1550" }, { "agency": "University of California Water Resources Center", "grant_number": "UCAL-WRC-W-22605-89(03)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00008a006", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Scott, Michael J. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ab49a-53583", "eprint_id": 85667, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:52:19", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 19:35:26", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-C-P", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "C. P." } }, { "id": "O'Melia-Charles-R", "name": { "family": "O'Melia", "given": "Charles R." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Preface", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1995 American Chemical Society. \n\nMarch 1994. Published in print 5 May 1995. \n\nMany have contributed to this book. Authors, speakers, and attendees at the symposium deserve our special gratitude. Their enthusiastic support has made our task in organizing the symposium a most pleasant one. To our reviewers, we are deeply in debt. Their timely review of the chapters was crucial to the completion of the project. A grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) greatly eased the financial burden of symposium participants. For that, we thank Edward Bryan at NSF for his support and interest in this project. Throughout the preparation process, the staff of the ACS Books Department was most helpful. We wish to thank, in particular, Colleen Stamm and Rhonda\nBitterli for their professional assistance.", "abstract": "[no abstract]", "date": "1995-05-05", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "place_of_pub": "Washington, DC", "pagerange": "xiii-xiv", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180405-153635193", "isbn": "9780841229211", "book_title": "Aquatic Chemistry", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180405-153635193", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/ba-1995-0244.pr001", "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Huang, C. P.; O'Melia, Charles R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hh9rd-qgk92", "eprint_id": 59832, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:08:33", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 16:24:11", "type": "book", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-Chin-Pao", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Chin Pao" } }, { "id": "O'Melia-C-R", "name": { "family": "O'Melia", "given": "Charles R." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Aquatic Chemistry: Interfacial and Interspecies Processes", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1995 American Chemical Society. \n\nMany have contributed to this book. Authors, speakers, and attendees at the symposium deserve our special gratitude. Their enthusiastic support has made our task in organizing the symposium a most pleasant one. To our reviewers, we are deeply in debt. Their timely review of the chapters was crucial to the completion of the project. A grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) greatly eased the financial burden of symposium participants. For that, we thank Edward Bryan at NSF for his support and interest in this project. Throughout the preparation process, the staff of the ACS Books Department was most helpful. We wish to thank, in particular, Colleen Stamm and Rhonda Bitterli for their professional assistance.", "abstract": "The symposium upon which this book is based was organized in honor of Werner Stumm, the founder of aquatic chemistry. A total of 21 invited papers and 30 posters were presented at this special symposium. A wide spectrum of scientists (surface chemists, soil chemists, geochemists, limnologists, and oceanographers) and engineers (environmental, civil, and chemical) attended. The symposium opened with a paper by Stumm titled \"The Inner Sphere Surface Complex: A Key to Understanding Surface Reactivity\", which was followed by five key talks representing five major topics of the symposium: surface chemistry, earth sciences, biology, redox and photochemistry, and engineering. This book is structured to present these five key topics.", "date": "1995", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "place_of_pub": "Washington, DC", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150824-091049023", "isbn": "0-8412-2921-X", "book_title": "Aquatic Chemistry", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150824-091049023", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1021/ba-1995-0244", "resource_type": "book", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Huang, Chin Pao; O'Melia, Charles R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/at14g-2zq36", "eprint_id": 86351, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:52:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:30:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schlautman-M-A", "name": { "family": "Schlautman", "given": "Mark A." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Sorption of Perylene on a Nonporous Inorganic Silica Surface: Effects of Aqueous Chemistry on Sorption Rates", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1994 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review March 14, 1994. Revised manuscript received August 4, 1994. Accepted August 5, 1994. \n\nWe gratefully acknowledge Deb Backhus, Steve Eisenreich, and Phil Gschwend for their helpful discussions, Elizabeth Carraway for the nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting program used to analyze fluorescence data, and the three reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Smith and Louise Lee Memorial Endowment, San Francisco Foundation (Switzer Foundation Environmental Fellowship), and the American Water Works Association (Larson Aquatic Research Support Ph.D. Scholarship). Elements of this paper were presented at the Symposium on Physical-Chemical Processes Controlling Contaminant Mobility in Aquatic Environments at the 207th American Chemical Society Meeting in San Diego, CA, March 13-18, 1994.", "abstract": "The influence of solution chemistry on the initial rate of perylene adsorption to a nonporous inorganic silica surface was investigated. Fluorescence was utilized to monitor the loss of perylene from aqueous solution. At constant ionic strength, the initial rate of adsorption decreased with increasing pH for all background electrolyte compositions. The observed adsorption rates were correlated with the aqueous activity coefficient (\u03b3_i^W) of perylene and the surface speciation of silica. At low pH, the rate of perylene adsorption appeared to depend solely on its \u03b3_i^W. At neutral to high pH, binding of cations at the silica surface became increasingly important in determining adsorption rates. Binding of Na^+ at the silica surface decreased the rate of perylene adsorption, whereas binding of Ca^(2+) at the surface increased the adsorption rate. The reasons for this difference are not presently known, but may relate to the structure of water at the solution-silica surface when different cations are Dresent in the interfacial region.", "date": "1994-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "28", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "2184-2190", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-152204960", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-152204960", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "William and Flora Hewlett Foundation" }, { "agency": "Smith and Louise Lee Memorial Endowment" }, { "agency": "San Francisco Foundation" }, { "agency": "American Water Works Association" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00061a029", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Schlautman, Mark A. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r63yq-mrt50", "eprint_id": 106891, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:47:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:09:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schlautman-Mark-A", "name": { "family": "Schlautman", "given": "Mark A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6522-4345" }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Adsorption of aquatic humic substances on colloidal-size aluminum oxide particles: Influence of solution chemistry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1994 Published by Elsevier Ltd. \n\nReceived 30 November 1992, Accepted 25 July 1994. \n\nWe gratefully acknowledge Liyuan Liang and Mike Scott for their help in the preliminary stages of this investigation and Elizabeth Carraway for the nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting program used to analyze adsorption data. We would also like to thank Pat Johnsson and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was supported by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Smith and Louise Lee Memorial Endowment, San Francisco Foundation (Switzer Foundation Environmental Fellowship), and the American Water Works Association (Larson Aquatic Research Support Ph.D. Scholarship).", "abstract": "The adsorption of Suwannee River humic substances (HS) on colloidal-size aluminum oxide particles was examined as a function of solution chemistry. The amount of humic acid (HA) or fulvic acid (FA) adsorbed decreased with increasing pH for all solutions of constant ionic strength. In NaCl solutions at fixed pH values, the adsorption of HA and FA increased with increasing ionic strength. The presence of Ca\u00b2\u207a enhanced the adsorption of HA but had little effect on FA. For identical solution conditions, the amount (by mass) of HA adsorbed to alumina was always greater than FA. Adsorption densities for both HA and FA showed good agreement with the Langmuir equation, and interpretations of adsorption processes were made from the model parameters. For FA, ligand exchange appears to be the dominant adsorption reaction for the conditions studied here. Ligand exchange is also a major adsorption reaction for HA; however, other reactions contribute to adsorption for some solution compositions. At high pH, cation and water bridging become increasingly important for HA adsorption with increasing amounts of Na\u207a and Ca\u00b2\u207a, respectively. At low to neutral pH values, increases in these same two cations make hydrophobic bonding more effective. Calculations of HS carboxyl group densities in the adsorbed layer support the proposed adsorption reactions. From the adsorption data it appears that fewer than 3.3 HS-COO\u207b groups per nm\u00b2 can be bound directly as inner-sphere complexes by the alumina surface. We propose that the influence of aqueous chemistry on HS adsorption reactions, and therefore on the types of HS surface complexes formed, affects the formation and nature of organic coatings on mineral surfaces.", "date": "1994-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "volume": "58", "number": "20", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "4293-4303", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201202-154046091", "issn": "0016-7037", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201202-154046091", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "William and Flora Hewlett Foundation" }, { "agency": "Smith and Louise Lee Memorial Endowment" }, { "agency": "San Francisco Foundation" }, { "agency": "Switzer Foundation" }, { "agency": "American Water Works Association" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0016-7037(94)90334-4", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Schlautman, Mark A. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/02sr9-5tt18", "eprint_id": 59817, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:36:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:45:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pehkonen-S-O", "name": { "family": "Pehkonen", "given": "Simo O." } }, { "id": "Erel-Y", "name": { "family": "Erel", "given": "Yigal" } }, { "id": "Siefert-R-L", "name": { "family": "Siefert", "given": "Ronald L." } }, { "id": "Klewicki-K", "name": { "family": "Klewicki", "given": "Ken" } }, { "id": "Hoffmann-M-R", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Michael R." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6495-1946" }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "The dynamic chemistry of transition metals in the troposphere", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1994 Laser Pages Publishing.\n\nThe authors want to thank Drs. J.O. Nriagu and Y.K.\nChau and the staff aboard the CSS Limnos of Canadian\nCenter for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario for the\nopportunity to participate in sampling in the Great\nLakes. The assistance of the staff at Whiteface Mt. Field Station at SUNY Albany, including Ken Dernerjian , Sheema B. Roychowdhury, and Scoll Wolfe is greatly appreciated. Cliff Weinman and his staff at the FAA radar facility in San Pedro have been helpful during our sampling in southern California. The authors also wish to thank George Luther, Torn Church, Alain Veron, and the crew of RV Cape Henlopen of the College of Marine studies at the University of Delaware, and Ted Murphy and Mel Dutton of the California State University, Bakersfield.", "abstract": "The redox chemistry of Fe, Cu, Mn, and Cr in fog and cloudwater, ambient aerosols, and surface microlayer has been investigated at coastal and inland locations in the Los Angeles basin, in Bakersfield, California, at Whiteface Mt., New York, and on Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Samples were collected and analyzed for Fe(II), Fe(III), Fe-_(tot), Cu(I), Cu-_(tot), Mn(III+IV), Mn_(tot), Cr(III), Cr(VI), S(IV), S(VI), organic ligands (formate, acetate, oxalate). TOC (total organic carbon), pH, major cations (Na^+, Ca^(2+), NH_4^+, Mg_2^+, K^+), chloride, sulfate, nitrate, peroxides (RO_2H), and aldehydes (RCHO); the amount of sunlight was also measured. The concentrations and the ratios between the measured oxidation states and the total metal concentrations are as follows:\n\nFe(II)(\u03bcM) Fe(II)/Fe_(tot) Cu(I)(\u03bcM) Cu(I)/Cu_(tot)\n 0.1-5 0.02-0.55 0.02-0.27 0.3-0.96\nMn(IV)(\u03bcM) Mn(IV)/Mn_(tot) Cr(III)(\u03bcM) Cr(III)/Cr_(tot)\n0.026-0.21 0.25-0.97 0.002-0.051 0.09-0.74\n\nThe atmospheric redox cycle of Fe involves both dissolved and aerosol surface species and appears to be related to the presence of organic compounds which act as electron donors for the reduction of Fe(III). Fe(III) reduction is enhanced by light, but significant Fe(II) levels were observed in the dark. We suggest that reduction of Fe(III) species by organic electron donors may be an important pathway that affects the speciation of Fe in both urban and rural atmospheres. We found that 40-70% of the total chromium (-20 nM) was Cr(VI) in three cloudwater samples at Whiteface Mt. In the surface micro layer samples, a significant amount of Cr(III) was detected when the concentration of TOC was elevated. The concentrations of Cu(I) and Mn(III+IV) are below detection limit in most samples. In the few samples with measurable concentrations of Mn, Mn is in the reduced, Mn(II), state. In addition to field observations, the photolytic reduction of amorphous iron hydroxide (am-Fe(OH)_3), lepidocrocite (y-FeOOH), goethite (a-FeOOH), hematite (\u03b1-Fe_2O_3), and natural iron containing aerosol particles in the presence of formaldehyde, formate, acetate, oxalate, and butyrate has been investigated in the laboratory. Important parameters in the photoreduction experiments are pH, wavelength of the irradiating light, the nature of the electron donor, and the characteristics of the iron phase. The results show that the fastest rates of photoreduclion of Fe( III) to Fe(II) are achieved with am-Fe(OH)_3 as the electron acceptor and formate as the electron donor. Ambient iron-containing aerosol particles with oxalate as the electron donor resulted in a significant photochemical production of H_2O_2.", "date": "1994", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Israel Journal of Earth-Sciences", "volume": "43", "number": "3-4", "publisher": "National Council for Research and Development", "pagerange": "279-295", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150821-144956798", "issn": "0021-2164", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150821-144956798", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Pehkonen, Simo O.; Erel, Yigal; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2ymm1-pxg21", "eprint_id": 86353, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:17:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:30:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schlautman-M-A", "name": { "family": "Schlautman", "given": "Mark A." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Binding of a fluorescent hydrophobic organic probe by dissolved humic substances and organically-coated aluminum oxide surfaces", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1993 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review March 5, 1993. Revised manuscript received July 8, 1993. Accepted July 12, 1993. \n\nWe gratefully acknowledge Phil Gschwend, Steve Eisenreich, Deb Backhus, Yu-Ping Chin, John Zachara, and Ellyn Murphy for their helpful discussions and Elizabeth Carraway for the nonlinear least-squares curve-fitting program used to analyze fluorescence data. This work was supported by grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, the Smith and Louise Lee Memorial Endowment, the San Francisco Foundation (Switzer Foundation Environmental Fellowship), and the American Water Works Association (Larson Aquatic Research Support Ph.D. Scholarship). Elements of this paper were presented at the Symposium on Surface Chemistry of Natural Materials at the V. M. Goldschmidt Conference in Reston, VA, May 8-10,1992.", "abstract": "The binding of perylene by Suwannee River humic substances in the presence and absence of colloidal-sized aluminum oxide particles was examined using a fluorescence\nquenching technique. Our experiments show that binding is complete within 3 min and that the fluorescence of perylene associated with dissolved and adsorbed humic substances is fully quenched as evidenced by quantum yields which approached zero for all systems. In the absence of alumina, both humic acid and fulvic acid were able to bind perylene, and the partition coefficients decreased with increasing pH and NaCl concentrations. The presence of Ca^(2+) had little effect on the binding of perylene by either of the dissolved humic substances. The adsorption of humic and fulvic acids onto alumina decreased their ability to bind perylene. For all solution conditions examined, the association of perylene with adsorbed fulvic acid was never detected. In NaCl solutions, partition coefficients for adsorbed humic acid at pH 4 were approximately half the values of those for dissolved humic acid; at pH 7 and 10, alumina-bound humic acid did not bind perylene in NaCl solutions. In contrast to the results observed for dissolved humic acid, the presence of Ca^(2+) greatly enhanced the binding of perylene by adsorbed humic acid. A major effect of solution chemistry is to alter the mechanisms by which humic substances adsorb to alumina, thereby determining how tightly the humic material is bound to the surface. The ability of weakly-adsorbed humic acid to bind perylene approaches that of the dissolved species.", "date": "1993-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "27", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "2523-2532", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-152205500", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180510-152205500", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "William and Flora Hewlett Foundation" }, { "agency": "Smith and Louise Lee Memorial Endowment" }, { "agency": "San Francisco Foundation" }, { "agency": "American Water Works Association" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00048a033", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Schlautman, Mark A. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4fg1f-s0v61", "eprint_id": 86177, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:40:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:19:39", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schlautman-M-A", "name": { "family": "Schlautman", "given": "Mark A." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Effects of aqueous chemistry on the binding of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by dissolved humic materials", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1993 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review October 2, 1992. Revised manuscript received February 1, 1993. Accepted February 2, 1993. \n\nWe greatly appreciate the helpful discussions with Phil Gschwend, Steve Eisenreich, Deb Backhus, and Yu-Ping Chin throughout this investigation, and we also appreciate the insight provided by Beth Carraway and Amy Hoffman on fluorescence quenching and energy transfer. Finally, we wish to acknowledge one anonymous reviewer for the constructive comments on the organization and content of the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Smith and Louise Lee Memorial Endowment, San Francisco Foundation (Switzer Foundation Environmental Fellowship), and American Water Works Association (Larson Aquatic Research Support Ph.D. Scholarship).", "abstract": "The influence of solution chemistry on the binding of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by well-characterized humic material (Suwannee River humic and fulvic acid) was examined by using fluorescence quenching techniques. Our experiments show that binding is complete within 3 min and that the fluorescence of PAH compounds associated with the humic substances is fully quenched as evidenced by quantum yields which approached zero for all systems. These observations validate the use of fluorescence quenching in determining partition coefficients. In NaCl solutions, the binding of PAHs by Suwannee River humic material generally decreased with increases in pH (constant ionic strength) and generally decreased with increasing ionic strength (fixed pH). The presence of Ca^(2+) yielded mixed results: at neutral to high pH values, it generally increased the binding of PAHs relative to that in NaCl solutions, while at low pH it generally had little effect on the binding. From the results of this study, it is hypothesized that the binding of a particular PAH compound by Suwannee River humic substances depends not only on the hydrophobicity of the PAH solute but also on the size of the solute molecule and its ability to fit into hydrophobic cavities in humic and fulvic material. This hypothesis is supported by the experimental observations above, as well as the failure of a Flory-Huggins partitioning (i.e., dissolution) model to consistently characterize the hydrophobic environment of the humic substances.", "date": "1993-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "27", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "961-969", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180501-151532338", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180501-151532338", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "William and Flora Hewlett Foundation" }, { "agency": "Smith and Louise Lee Memorial Endowment" }, { "agency": "San Francisco Foundation" }, { "agency": "American Water Works Association" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00042a020", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Schlautman, Mark A. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0gtsf-06s28", "eprint_id": 45911, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:46:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 18:32:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Erel-Y", "name": { "family": "Erel", "given": "Yigal" } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Patterson-C-C", "name": { "family": "Patterson", "given": "C. C." } } ] }, "title": "Natural levels of lead and cadmium in a remote mountain stream", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1991 Pergamon Press. Received July 26, 1990; accepted in revised form December 30, 1990. The field work was partly supported by GSA grant 3974-88. The authors wish to thank K. Tonnesson of the California ARB and R. Graham, D. Marrett and J. Ervin from UCR. They also thank J. Hem, M. Edmunds, and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments.", "abstract": "Lead and cadmium concentrations in marine and terrestrial ecosystems, on surfaces of soil particles, and in the atmosphere have been highly elevated on a global scale because of industrial pollution. In order to ascertain the natural (rock-derived) levels of lead and cadmium in streams, a pristine mountain watershed in the Sierra Nevada, California, was studied in respect to its lead and cadmium contents.\n\nThe transport of lead and cadmium was compared to iron since it shares similar transport patterns with lead and cadmium, and is relatively uninfluenced by pollution. The concentrations of lead and cadmium in a late-summer mountain drainage water are shown to be close to natural levels that are controlled by the weathering of bedrock and soil. This is demonstrated by (1) measurements of lead isotopic composition, and Fe/Pb ratios in stream water, ground water, soil and bedrock, and (2) the rapid removal rate of excess atmospheric lead and cadmium from the water as it flows downstream.\n\nLead is taken up by particles (mostly hydrous iron oxides) in the studied stream during the autumn at a relatively constant rate. On the other hand, cadmium behavior in the stream water is erratic and cannot be explained by the same adsorption mechanism as lead. The Fe/Pb ratio is constant within an order of magnitude in the bedrock, the soil, soil and rock leachates, unfiltered and filtered ground water, and in filtered and unfiltered stream water. Therefore, the Fe/Pb ratio may provide a first-order estimate for the concentration of natural lead in streams draining through granitoid bedrocks.", "date": "1991-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "volume": "55", "number": "3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "707-719", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140523-130813993", "issn": "0016-7037", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140523-130813993", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "GSA grant", "grant_number": "3974-88" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "4954", "name": "Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0016-7037(91)90335-3", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Erel, Yigal; Morgan, James J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dyy5k-d5v80", "eprint_id": 85637, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:23:13", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 19:34:49", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Liang-Liyuan", "name": { "family": "Liang", "given": "Liyuan" } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Coagulation of Iron Oxide Particles in the Presence of Organic Materials", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1990 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived July 20, 1989. Published in print 7 December 1990.", "abstract": "Experiments using hematite particles (70 nm in diameter) in the presence of organics (phthalic acid, fatty acids, polyaspartic acid, fulvic and humic acid) reveal important features of particle coagulation dynamics. A light scattering technique was used to determine quantitatively the initial coagulation rates of hematite particles. Electrokinetic measurements were taken to obtain the sign and magnitude of electrical potential at the oxide/aqueous solution interface. Adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate affinities of aqueous molecules for the metal oxide surface. Intrinsic equilibrium constants for surface complexes are derived from a Surface Complex Formation/Diffuse Layer Model (SCF/DLM) accounting for interfacial electrostatic charge and potential. Small organic molecules, such as phthalate, show specific chemical reaction with the hematite surface and influence colloidal hematite coagulation kinetics by altering interfacial charge and potential. For fatty acids, hydrophobic interaction, in addition to covalent and electrostatic interaction, offers a plausible explanation for observed systematic changes in hematite stability and electrokinetic data. In the presence of polyelectrolytes, such as polyaspartic acid, fulvic and humic acids, a combination of specific chemical, electrostatic, and hydrophobic energies of carboxyl segments favors adsorption, and these materials have a relatively great impact on particle coagulation and stability.", "date": "1990-12-07", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "place_of_pub": "Washington, DC", "pagerange": "293-308", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180405-105500745", "isbn": "9780841217294", "book_title": "Chemical Modeling of Aqueous Systems II", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180405-105500745", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1021/bk-1990-0416.ch023", "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Liang, Liyuan and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rx6k5-0hw50", "eprint_id": 85636, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:23:05", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 19:34:47", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Scott-M-J", "name": { "family": "Scott", "given": "Michael J." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Energetics and Conservative Properties of Redox Systems", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1990 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived August 18, 1989. Published in print 7 December 1990.\n\nThis work was supported by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.", "abstract": "The redox status of an aqueous system is described by the concentrations of the oxidized and reduced species of all system components. Redox systems, generally not at equilibrium as the result of kinetically slow redox reactions, are poorly characterized by intensity factors (EH or pE) alone. Capacity factors, which reflect the total concentration of relevant species, are conservative parameters that can be meaningful guides to the redox status of aqueous systems. Oxidative capacity (OXC) is defined as a conservative quantity that incorporates a comprehensive chemical analysis of the redox couples of an aqueous system into a single descriptive parameter. OXC classifies aqueous systems in terms of well-defined geochemical and microbial parameters (e.g., oxic, sulfidic). Examples of model and actual groundwater systems are discussed to illustrate the concept. A redox titration model is another tool that is useful in describing a redox system as it approaches an equilibrium state.", "date": "1990-12-07", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "place_of_pub": "Washington, DC", "pagerange": "368-378", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180405-105345797", "isbn": "9780841217294", "book_title": "Chemical Modeling of Aqueous Systems II", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180405-105345797", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/bk-1990-0416.ch029", "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Scott, Michael J. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/26hdv-y7117", "eprint_id": 45899, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:57:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 18:31:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Erel-Y", "name": { "family": "Erel", "given": "Yigal" } }, { "id": "Patterson-C-C", "name": { "family": "Patterson", "given": "Clair C." } }, { "id": "Scott-M-J", "name": { "family": "Scott", "given": "Michael J." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Transport of industrial lead in snow through soil to stream water and groundwater", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1990 Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam. Received June 27, 1989; revised and accepted March 8, 1990.", "abstract": "Determination of isotopic compositions and concentrations of Pb in stream water, groundwater, soil and bed-rock in a subalpine watershed, combined with concentrations of Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe and Mn and mineralogical data, show that \u223c 90% of the industrial Pb in snow is trapped in a subunit of the upper 2 cm of soil. This is composed of humus plus Fe-hydroxides and Mn-oxides, where industrial Pb mixes isotopically with Pb already accumulated there from previous inputs of industrial Pb and natural rock-Pb.\nThe ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb ratio of Pb in the upper 2-cm soil accumulation reservoir is different from that of industrial Pb added from snow each year, because it is a mixture of natural rock-Pb derived from weathering (\u223c 20%) which has a ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb ratio different from industrial Pb, and because the ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb ratio of industrial Pb accumulated from atmospheric inputs during the past century (\u223c 80%) has changed considerably during that time. During spring melt, when streams are fed mostly by surface runoff, Pb in the surface soil accumulation reservoir is released back into the runoff and into streams. At this time the proportion of industrial Pb in mountain stream waters is that in the surface soil accumulation reservoir, \u223c 80%.\nConcentrations and isotopic composition of Pb in soil profiles, and the relation between Pb and organic matter concentration in soil indicate little or no industrial Pb accumulates in the reservoir below 2-cm depths. These data, combined with measured proportions of Ca and Pb and ^(206)Pb/^(207)Pb ratios in groundwater, indicate that most of the Pb in aquifers at depth below 30 cm originates by weathering from natural rock-Pb. Although aquifers are charged by snow-melt, industrial Pb is removed from the water as it percolates downward through the soil accumulation reservoir. Therefore, during times when streams are fed mainly from these aquifers, stream waters contain mainly natural rock-Pb and some industrial Pb in colloids originally contained in snow-melt.\nConcentrations of Pb in stream waters tend to remain constant both throughout different seasons (when rates of stream discharge change 20-fold), and over the last decade (when Pb inputs from snow decreased 6-fold) because Pb in those waters originates from a fixed reservoir in the soil.", "date": "1990-07-30", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Chemical Geology", "volume": "85", "number": "3-4", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "383-392", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140523-093526354", "issn": "0009-2541", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140523-093526354", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/0009-2541(90)90015-Y", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Erel, Yigal; Patterson, Clair C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z1h69-2tk80", "eprint_id": 106985, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:33:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:14:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Davies-S-H-R", "name": { "family": "Davies", "given": "Simon H. R." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Manganese(II) oxidation kinetics on metal oxide surfaces", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Published by Elsevier. \n\nReceived 18 November 1987, Accepted 15 June 1988. \n\nWe appreciate the helpful questions and suggestions of P. W. Schindler with respect to interpretation of our results, and the research support of the Noyes Foundation and\nOOA, NOAA.", "abstract": "The rates of oxidation of Mn(II) by oxygen in the presence of \u03b1-FeOOH, \u03b3-FeOOH, silica, and \u03b4-Al\u2082O\u2083 were studied experimentally. These solids enhanced the rate of Mn(II) oxidation over the initial homogeneous solution rate, the order being \u03b3-FeOOH > \u03b1-FeOOH > SiO\u2082 > \u03b4-Al\u2082O\u2083. The kinetic data can be partially accounted for by a rate expression of the form \u2212d[Mn(II)]/dt = k^\u2217{\u3009SOH}[Mn\u00b2\u207a]/[H\u207a]\u00b2\u00b7A\u00b7pO\u2082, where {\u3009SOH} is the surface concentration of hydroxyl sites and A is the mass concentration of solids in suspension. The reaction on \u03b1-FeOOH and \u03b3-FeOOH is strongly temperature dependent (apparent activation energy \u223c100 kJ mole\u207b\u00b9) and is not affected by normal laboratory light levels. The oxidation rates on \u03b1-FeOOH are lower at higher ionic strengths, and are appreciably influenced by individual ions; Mg\u00b2\u207a, Ca\u00b2\u207a, silicate, salicylate, phosphate, chloride, and sulfate inhibit the overall oxidation reaction. A surface complex formation model was used to describe the adsorption of Mn\u00b2\u207a to the oxide surfaces. In terms of the surface species (>SO)\u2082Mn, a proposed rate law which partially accounts for observations is \u2212d[Mn(II)]/dt = k\u2033{(\u3009SO)\u2082Mn}\u00b7A\u00b7pO\u2082. An alternative formulation which accounts for the observed rates postulates the surface species >SOMnOH.", "date": "1989-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "129", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "63-77", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122141262", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122141262", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(89)90416-5", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Davies, Simon H. R. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/63zqt-dz361", "eprint_id": 46619, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:06:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 19:52:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bales-R-C", "name": { "family": "Bales", "given": "Roger C." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Surface charge and adsorption properties of chrysotile asbestos in natural waters", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1985 by the American Chemical Society.\n\nReceived for review November 21, 1984. Accepted June 24, 1985.\nThis research was supported by a grant from the Andrew W.\nMellon Foundation to the California Institute of Technology's\nEnvironmental Quality Laboratory and by a grant from the\nMetropolitan Water District of Southern California.", "abstract": "Changes in surface-charge adsorption properties of\nchrysotile asbestos aging in water were studied in a series\nof constant-pH laboratory experiments. Chrysotile freshly\nsuspended in an inorganic electrolyte has a positive surface\ncharge below pH 8.9. Charge reversal occurs within about\n2 weeks due to more rapid dissolution of chrysotile's outer\nmagnesium hydroxide surface relative to the underlying\nsilica component of the mineral. The inorganic anions\nNO_3^-, Cl^-, HCO_3^- , and SO_4^(2-) did not absorb. A constant-\ncapacitance model can be used to relate surface\ncharge to adsorption of protons over the pH range 7-9. At\nnatural organic matter (NOM) concentrations at or below\nthose encountered in natural waters, the particles can\nadsorb sufficient organic matter within 1 day to acquire\na negative charge. Adsorption of NOM reached a maximum\nof 30 x 10^(-6) mg of C cm^(-2) after 21 h; catechol continued\nto adsorb over 5 days.", "date": "1985-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "19", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1213-1219", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140702-085204252", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140702-085204252", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "Metropolitan Water District of Southern California" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "A-171", "name": "Environmental Quality Laboratory" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00142a013", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Bales, Roger C. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7nzfc-2qw78", "eprint_id": 49731, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:03:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 22:08:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bales-Roger-C", "name": { "family": "Bales", "given": "Roger C." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Dissolution kinetics of chrysotile at pH 7 to 10", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd. \n\nReceived November 26, 1984; accepted in revised form July 18. 1985. \n\nThis research was supported by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to the California Institute of Technology's Environmental Quality Laboratory and by a grant from The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. We have benefited from discussions with W. Stumm, M. Hoffmann and Y. Zuti\u0107. \n\nEditorial handling: T. Pa\u010des.", "abstract": "The rate of chrysotile dissolution over five days was studied in constant-pH, batch suspensions at 25\u00b0C. After the first day, release of Mg occurred at a constant rate and exhibited a fractional dependence on pH, [H\u207a]^(0.24). Interpreted in terms of a site-binding model for adsorption of protons on the surface. this fractional dependence implies that the rate is limited by a chemical reaction involving less than one adsorbed proton per Mg released into solution. The actual magnitude of the rate (10^(-15.7) mol cm\u207b\u00b9 s\u207b\u00b9 at pH 8) supports this interpretation. The inorganics NO\u00b3\u207b, Cl\u207b, HCO\u2083\u207b and SO\u2084\u207b\u00b2 and the organics catechol and oxalate affected the rate of Mg release only during the initial 12 to 24 hours of each experiment. Silica release was linear from the outset of each experiment, but showed no definite pH dependence.", "date": "1985-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "volume": "49", "number": "11", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "2281-2288", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140915-153828901", "issn": "0016-7037", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140915-153828901", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation" }, { "agency": "Metropolitan Water District of Southern California" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "A-179", "name": "Environmental Quality Laboratory" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0016-7037(85)90228-5", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Bales, Roger C. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vw3ht-8p581", "eprint_id": 106986, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:06:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:14:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stoneman-Alan-T", "name": { "family": "Stone", "given": "Alan T." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Reduction and dissolution of manganese(III) and manganese(IV) oxides by organics: 2. Survey of the reactivity of organics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1984 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review September 2, 1983. Accepted March 14, 1984.", "abstract": "Reduction and dissolution of manganese(III, IV) oxide suspensions by 27 aromatic and nonaromatic compounds resembling natural organics were examined in order to understand the solubilization reaction in nature. At pH 7.2, 10\u207b\u00b3 M formate, fumarate, glycerol, lactate, malonate, phthalate, propanol, propionaldehyde, propionate, and sorbitol did not dissolve appreciable amounts of oxide after\n3 h of reaction. The following organics did dissolve manganese oxides under these conditions and are listed in order of decreasing reactivity: 3-methoxycatechol ~ catechol 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid ~ ascorbate > 4-nitrocatechol > thiosalicylate > hydroquinone > 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid > syringic acid > o-methoxyphenol > vanillic acid > orcinol - 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid > resorcinol > oxalate ~ pyruvate - salicylate. Relative reactivities of organic substrates are discussed in terms of surface complex formation prior to electron transfer. Dissolution of manganese oxides by marine fulvic acid was enhanced by illumination, verifying that the reaction is photocatalyzed.", "date": "1984-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "18", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "617-624", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122141462", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122141462", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1021/es00126a010", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Stone, Alan T. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d377c-w4d06", "eprint_id": 106983, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:58:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:14:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stone-Alan-T", "name": { "family": "Stone", "given": "Alan T." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Reduction and dissolution of manganese(III) and manganese(IV) oxides by organics. 1. Reaction with hydroquinone", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1984 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review July 1, 1983. Accepted January 6, 1984.", "abstract": "The chemical processes by which manganese oxides are solubilized by reduction in anoxic waters are poorly understood. A study of the reduction and dissolution of manganese oxide suspensions by hydroquinone was undertaken to determine the rate and mechanism of the solubilization reaction. Dissolution of the manganese-(III,IV) oxide suspension by hydroquinone in the pH range 6.5 < pH < 8.5 is initially described by the following empirical rate law:\nd[Mn\u00b2\u207a]/dt = k\u2081[H\u207a]^(0.46)[QH\u2082]^(1.0)([MnO_x]\u2080[Mn\u00b2\u207a]) \nwhere [Mn\u00b2\u207a] is the dissolved manganese concentration,\n[QH\u2082] is the hydroquinone concentration, and [MnO_x]\u2080 is\nthe amount of manganese oxide added. The apparent activation energy was found to be at +37 kJ/mol. Calcium and phosphate inhibited the reaction, by adsorbing on the oxide surface. A model is proposed for the observed rate dependence, according to which complex formation between hydroquinone and manganese oxide surface sites occurs prior to electron transfer.", "date": "1984-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "18", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "450-456", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122140691", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122140691", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1021/es00124a011", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Stone, Alan T. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2354d-vh147", "eprint_id": 107124, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:58:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:33:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stumm-Werner", "name": { "family": "Stumm", "given": "Werner" } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Schnoor-Jerald-L", "name": { "family": "Schnoor", "given": "Jerald L." } } ] }, "title": "Saurer Regen, eine Folge der St\u00f6rung hydrogeochemischer Kreisl\u00e4ufe", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1983 Springer. \n\nDiese Arbeit entstand, w\u00e4hrend J.J.M. und J.L.S. als Gastwissenschafter an der EAWAG/ETH weilten.", "abstract": "The occurrence of acid precipitation in regions of the northern hemisphere results from the anthropogenic disturbance of cycles that couple land, water and atmosphere. The oxidation of C, S and N resulting mostly from fossil fuel burning rivals oxidation processes induced by photosynthesis; the acidity of rain is a consequence of these redox processes in the atmosphere and in the rain. In evaluating the impact of aqueous acidity upon the environment and vice versa, it is essential to distinguish between free H\u207a acidity and the H\u207a reservoir (base-neutralizing capacity). The acidification of lakes, streams and soils is influenced by hydrology, biota, geology and weathering rates.", "date": "1983-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Naturwissenschaften", "volume": "70", "number": "5", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "216-223", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201216-122930373", "issn": "0028-1042", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201216-122930373", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1007/bf00405438", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1983", "author_list": "Stumm, Werner; Morgan, James J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6ts1p-1nv81", "eprint_id": 53581, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:25:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 21:53:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Waldman-Jed-M", "name": { "family": "Waldman", "given": "Jed M." } }, { "id": "Munger-J-William", "name": { "family": "Munger", "given": "J. William" } }, { "id": "Jacob-Daniel-J", "name": { "family": "Jacob", "given": "Daniel J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6373-3100" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Hoffmann-M-R", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Michael R." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6495-1946" } ] }, "title": "Chemical Composition of Acid Fog", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 American Association for the Advancement of Science. \n\nReceived 15 March 1982; revised 10 May 1982. \n\nFinancial support was provided by the California Air Resources Board (grant AO-141-132), and logistical support was provided by the South Coast Air Quality Management District. We thank G. Cass, D. Lawson, and J. H. Seinfeld for assistance.", "abstract": "Fog water collected at three sites in Los Angeles and Bakersfield, California, was found to have higher acidity and higher concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium than previously observed in atmospheric water droplets. The pH of the fog water was in the range of 2.2 to 4.0. The dominant processes controlling the fog water chemistry appear to be the condensation and evaporation of water vapor on preexisting aerosol and the scavenging of gas-phase nitric acid.", "date": "1982-11-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "218", "number": "4573", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "677-680", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150112-135208418", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150112-135208418", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "California Air Resources Board (CARB)", "grant_number": "AO-141-132" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.218.4573.677", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Waldman, Jed M.; Munger, J. William; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/01ptq-t6676", "eprint_id": 49925, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:40:48", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 16:10:00", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "J. J." } } ] }, "title": "Factors Governing the pH, Availability of H^+, and Oxidation Capacity of Rain", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Springer-Verlag. \n\nI thank H.M. Liljestrand of the University of Texas for his help and advice. I also thank J.N. Galloway and G. E. Likens for interesting me in acidic rain. The support of the Air Resources Board of California is acknowledged.", "abstract": "The acidity of rain is coupled to redox reactions in air and in atmospheric water. The pH, an intensive quantity,\nneeds to be distinguished from the base neutralizing\ncapacity. For acidic rain observed at most locations, H_2SO_4, HNO_3, NH_3, and CaCO_3 are dominant components. Their local availability or production rates govern net acidity. pH is thus almost entirely determined by these major \"strong\" components imposed on a CO_2 background, with some influence by SO_2(aq), smaller concentrations of HNO_2 and weak organic acids and minor bases, e.g., Fe_2O_3, yielding acid aquo metal ions. Total global emissions to tfie atmosphere of H_2SO_4 precursors outweigh those of HNO_3 by a factor of 2-3 on an equivalent basis.\nIn specific settings HNO_3 may be comparable to H_2SO_4 in rain. Total atmospheric acidity appears to be a useful quantity for estimating potential acidity of rain at different locations. There are indications in photochemical models of HNO_3 and H_2SO_4 that feedback among S and N species may be important. Heterogeneous oxidations of SO_2 in cloud, fog, and rain play important roles in the acidification process. \"Background\" acidities of rain appear to be highly variable; pH values are expected to range from below 5 to above 6. Present-day SO_2 and NO_x fluxes account for a pH lowering of ~ 0.5 to 1.5,\ndepending upon source location and transport-conversion rates.", "date": "1982", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Springer Verlag", "place_of_pub": "New York, NY", "pagerange": "17-40", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140923-085937246", "isbn": "9783642686405", "book_title": "Atmospheric Chemistry: Report of the Dahlem Workshop on Atmospheric Chemistry", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140923-085937246", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "California Air Resources Board" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "A-166", "name": "Environmental Quality Laboratory" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Goldberg-E-D", "name": { "family": "Goldberg", "given": "E. D." } }, { "id": "Crutzen-P-J", "name": { "family": "Crutzen", "given": "P. J." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/978-3-642-68638-2_3", "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Morgan, J. J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6pe6f-4tm65", "eprint_id": 106981, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:34:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:14:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sung-Windsor", "name": { "family": "Sung", "given": "Windsor" } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Oxidative removal of Mn(II) from solution catalysed by the \u03b3-FeOOH (lepidocrocite) surface", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Published by Elsevier. \n\nReceived 16 February 1981, Accepted 5 August 1981. \n\nTechnical assistance from J. H. Earnest of JPL for the BET N\u2082 surface area measurements 1s gratefully acknowledged.", "abstract": "A laboratory study was undertaken to ascertain the role of surface catalysis in Mn(II) oxidative removal. \u03b3-FeOOH, a ferric oxyhydroxide formed by O2 oxidation of ferrous iron in solution, was studied in the following ways: surface charge characteristics by acid base titration, adsorption of Mn(II) and surface oxidation of Mn(II). A rate law was formulated to account for the effects of pH and the amount of surface on the surface oxidation rate of Mn(II). The presence of milli-molar levels of \u03b3-FeOOH was shown to reduce significantly the half-life of Mn(II) in 0.7 M NaCl from hundreds of hours to hours. The numerical values of the surface rate constants for the \u03b3-FeOOH and that reported for colloidal MnO2 are comparable in order of magnitude.", "date": "1981-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta", "volume": "45", "number": "12", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "2377-2383", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122140114", "issn": "0016-7037", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122140114", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/0016-7037(81)90091-0", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Sung, Windsor and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qh254-dk232", "eprint_id": 67404, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:01:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:09:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Liljestrand-Howard-M", "name": { "family": "Liljestrand", "given": "Howard M." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Spatial Variations of Acid Precipitation in Southern California", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1981 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review July 14, 1980. Accepted October 20, 1980. \n\nThis study was partially supported by a Du Pont Environmental Grant, the Ford/Exxon Research Program, an institutional grant from the Department of Energy, an equipment grant from Hewlett-Packard, and the State of California Air Resources Board.\n\nSupplemental Material - es00085a010_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "Wet-precipitation-only samplers were used to collect acid precipitation at nine sites in the Los Angeles basin of southern California during the 1978-1979 hydrologic year. Concentrations of the major cations (H\u207a, NH\u2084\u207a, Na\u207a, K\u207a, Ca\u00b2\u207a, and Mg\u00b2\u207a) and the major anions (Cl\u207b, NO\u2083\u207b, and SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b) as well as trace species were determined. The relative importances of natural and anthropogenic sources were calculated by a chemical balance. Variations of sea salt, soil dust, NNH\u2084\u207a, SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b, and NO\u2083\u207b contributions agreed with source distributions, scavenging, and advection patterns. The nitrate to non-sea-salt sulfate equivalent ratio varied from 0.4 near coastal stationary sources to 2.8 in rural mountain areas with a precipitation-weighted average ratio of 1.1. Equilibrium models are used to relate the chemical composition of rain water with P_(SO\u2082), P_(NH\u2083), P_(NO\u2082), P_(NO), and P_(HNO\u2083) during precipitation. Mass-balance calculations indicate that less than 2% of the anthropogenic emissions of NO_x and SO_x in southern California are locally scavenged on an annual basis.", "date": "1981-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "15", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "333-339", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160526-142716350", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160526-142716350", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Du Pont Co." }, { "agency": "Ford/Exxon Research Program" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Hewlett-Packard Company" }, { "agency": "California Air Resources Board" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00085a010", "primary_object": { "basename": "es00085a010_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qh254-dk232/files/es00085a010_si_001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Liljestrand, Howard M. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/amr5h-gs927", "eprint_id": 85605, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:35:37", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 19:31:54", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Treweek-G-P", "name": { "family": "Treweek", "given": "Gordon P." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Prediction of Suspension Turbidities from Aggregate Size Distribution", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1980 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived October 10, 1978. Published in print 1 November 1980.", "abstract": "The turbidity of a coagulating, but noncoalescing, suspension cannot be determined directly because of interference between scattered waves and phase shifts in transmitted waves. This research developed a \"coalesced-sphere\" light scattering model which was applied to a noncoalescing, coagulating system to predict, within reasonable limits, the suspension turbidity. The application of the coalesced-sphere model for aggregates in the Mie scattering regime allows the calculation of the turbidity per size interval caused by particulates in the coagulated suspension. Knowledge of the turbidity fraction can lead to improved design of phase-separation devices, such as water and wastewater filters, so they remove the portion of the size distribution that contributes most significantly to the overall suspension turbidity.", "date": "1980-11-01", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "place_of_pub": "Washington, DC", "pagerange": "329-351", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180404-115049489", "isbn": "9780841204997", "book_title": "Particulates in water : characterization, fate, effects, and removal", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180404-115049489", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1021/ba-1980-0189.ch015", "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Treweek, Gordon P. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sxz3y-pd327", "eprint_id": 106957, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:15:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:12:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sung-Windsor", "name": { "family": "Sung", "given": "Windsor" } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Kinetics and product of ferrous iron oxygenation in aqueous systems", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1980 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review October 1, 1979. Accepted February 1, 1980. This work was supported in part by grants from the Union Oil Company of California and the Du Pont Corporation. Based on a paper presented at the 177th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, April 1-6, 1979, Division of Environmental Chemistry.", "abstract": "Iron is the fourth most abundant element by weight in the earth's crust. The chemistry of aqueous iron primarily involves the ferrous (II) and ferric (III) oxidation states and is of interest in water supplies, wastewaters, limnology, and oceanography. Recent quantitative studies have included: iron removal mechanisms in estuarine and oceanic waters (1-3); adsorption of trace metals by hydrous ferric oxides or ferric oxyhydroxides (4-6); iron speciation and redox reactions in synthetic and real seawater (7-10). \n\nAlthough the oxygenation kinetics of ferrous iron have been studied extensively there is a rather wide spread in the reported rate constant. The present work was undertaken to\nstudy the effect of ionic media, alkalinity, and temperature on the kinetics of ferrous iron oxygenation and to identify the product(s) of oxygenation.", "date": "1980-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "14", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "561-568", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201208-105037403", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201208-105037403", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Union Oil Company of California" }, { "agency": "Du Pont Co." } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es60165a006", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Sung, Windsor and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rm159-zps57", "eprint_id": 67396, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:02:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:09:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Barcelona-M-J", "name": { "family": "Barcelona", "given": "Michael J." } }, { "id": "Liljestrand-H-M", "name": { "family": "Liljestrand", "given": "Howard M." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Determination of Low Molecular Weight Volatile Fatty Acids in Aqueous Samples", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1980 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review September 17, 1979. Accepted November 5, 1979. \n\nThe authors thank I. R. Kaplan and P. Doose for discussions on the early phases of the work, and W. J. North for advice and support. The aid of the Orange County Sanitation District and Greg Pamson are gratefully appreciated.", "abstract": "An Ion-exchange/derivatization procedure is described for the determination of C_1-C_5 volatile fatty acids in a range of difficult aqueous matrices. The resulting p-bromophenacyl esters may be separated via either HPLC or GLC techniques depending on desired selectivity and sensitivity. Micromolar concentrations of these acids can be determined to better than \u00b10.20 \u03bcM within 95% confidence intervals. Sewage and marine sediment pore water analyses can be performed on small samples (<25 ml). Similarly, nanomolar determinations are possible in 1-4 L rainwater samples. The analytical method is rapid, economical, and lends itself to routine applications involving parallel determinations of other soluble compounds.", "date": "1980-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Analytical Chemistry", "volume": "52", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "321-325", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160526-120243741", "issn": "0003-2700", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160526-120243741", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1021/ac50052a025", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Barcelona, Michael J.; Liljestrand, Howard M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1fkf1-5yj38", "eprint_id": 106987, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:03:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:15:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pankow-J-F", "name": { "family": "Pankow", "given": "James F." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Dissolution of tetragonal ferrous sulfide (mackinawite) in anoxic aqueous systems. 2. Implications for the cycling of iron, sulfur, and trace metals", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1980 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review May 21, 1979. Accepted November 5, 1979.", "abstract": "Both nonoxidative and oxidative mechanisms can play important roles in determining how FeS and associated trace metals are solubilized under different environmental conditions. Models are presented for determining the FeS concentration profiles in anoxic sediments experiencing FeS dissolution. Methods for calculating the time required to completely dissolve suspended FeS particles of various sizes in anoxic waters are also presented. The relative rates of oxidative and nonoxidative FeS dissolution are discussed with respect to trace metal release from sewage sludge and sediments and pyritization in sediments.", "date": "1980-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "14", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "183-186", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122141597", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201209-122141597", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1021/es60162a005", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Pankow, James F. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b9csy-jsf10", "eprint_id": 26001, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:01:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 16:10:02", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "J. J." } }, { "id": "Liljestrand-H-M", "name": { "family": "Liljestrand", "given": "H. M." } } ] }, "title": "Measurement and interpretation of acid rainfall in the Los Angeles Basin", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "The technical assistance of Sylvia Garcia in chemical analysis is appreciated, as is that of Elton Daly, Joe Fontana and Rich Eastvedt in constructing sampling apparatus. The help of colleagues at various universities in the Los Angeles area in placing samplers is acknowledged. \n\nThis report was submitted in fulfillment of ARB Agreement #A7-ll0-30, \"Measurement and Interpretation of Acid Rainfall in the Los Angeles Basin\" by Caltech under the partial sponsorship of the California Air Resources Board. \n\nDisclaimer: The statements and conclusions in this report are those of the contractor and not necessarily those of the California Air Resources Board. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as either an actual or implied endorsement of such products.", "abstract": "The purpose of the work was to define the extent, degree and pertinent chemical characteristics of acid precipitation in the Los Angeles Basin of Southern California. Precipitation samplers were placed at nine locations: Pasadena, Azusa, Big Bear Lake, Central Los Angeles, Long Beach, Mt. Wilson, Riverside, Westwood and Wrightwood. A total of 533 individual samples were analyzed from the nine locations, and 38 different storms were sampled at one or more of the locations. Increments of precipitation collected during a storm were analyzed for pH, titration acidity, chloride, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, fluoride, bromide, orthophosphate, total phosphate, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, organic carbon and suspended solids. \n\nThe mean acidity in the Fall-Spring 1978-79 period ranged from a high of 38.4 \u03bcequiva1ents/1iter at Pasadena to a low of 2.45 \u03bcequiva1ents/liter at Big Bear Lake, with corresponding mean pH's of 4.41 at Pasadena and 5.42 at Big Bear Lake. \n\nAt Pasadena, individual sample (0.25 inch increments of precipitation) acidities ranged from 1600 \u03bcequiva1ents/1iter to -8.1 \u03bcequivalents/liter, and individual sample pH's ranged from 2.89 to 6.24. Incremental sampling during storms revealed significant changes in pH and chemical composition with time, with early stages of precipitation generally showing low pH and high nitrate and sulfate concentrations. \n\nFor the Fall-Spring 1978-79 period the mean ratio of nitrate to non-sea salt sulfate in precipitation varied from 0.4 at Long Beach to 2.8 at Big Bear Lake. The mean ratio at Pasadena was 0.9. Data on chemical composition of precipitation indicate that the observed net acidity is the result of partial neutralization of the strong acids H_2SO_4 and HNO_3 by basic NH_3 and metal carbonates and oxides from soil dust. The relative extent of mixing of acids and bases varies considerably with location in the Basin. At Pasadena, mean Fall-Spring 1978-79 concentrations suggest that the net acidity, 38.5 \u03bceq/l, results from mixing of 31.4 \u03bceq/l of HNO_3, 35.6 \u03bceq/l, of H_2SO_4, 21.1 \u03bceq/l, of NH3, and 7.4 \u03bceq/l, of alkalinity from soil dust. \n\nNitrate and nitrite in rainfall at Pasadena are correlated significantly with rainfall intensity, atmospheric ozone concentration and atmospheric nitric oxide concentrations. The same correlation is found for sulfate in rainfall. Inverse correlation of nitrates and sulfate with rainfall intensity is taken to reflect a rainfall dilution effect. For both nitrate and sulfate in rainfall a correlation is observed with Pb aerosol and total aerosol particulate matter.", "date": "1980-02", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechKHR:AC-2-80", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechKHR:AC-2-80", "rights": "You are granted permission for individual, educational, research and non-commercial reproduction, distribution, display and performance of this work in any format.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "W.-M.-Keck-Laboratory-of-Hydraulics-and-Water-Resources" } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "AC-2-80.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b9csy-jsf10/files/AC-2-80.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Morgan, J. J. and Liljestrand, H. M." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dg462-yp822", "eprint_id": 46524, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:42:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 19:48:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Liljestrand-H-M", "name": { "family": "Liljestrand", "given": "Howard M." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Error analysis applied to indirect methods for precipitation acidity", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1979 Munksgaard, Copenhagen.\n\nManuscript received February 6; in final form May 10, 1979.\n\nStudy partially supported by a Du Pont Environmental Grant, Ford/Exxon Research Program, and an institutional grant from the Department of Energy.\n\nPublished - A-46.pdf
", "abstract": "The historical increase in the acidity of precipitation in northern Europe has been monitored by\ndirect measurements of pH and titrations of acidity. Indirect methods such as conductivity and\ncharge balances as well as chemical source models have been used to confirm the measured\nacidities. In the absence of historical records of direct measurements of acidity in precipitation in\nthe United States, indirect methods have been applied to available data on the composition of\nrainwater to quantify the acidity. Unfortunately, the indirect methods are sensitive to small errors\nin certain pH regions. The effects of random errors in major ion concentrations as well as the\nsystematic errors due to the exclusion of trace metal and organic ions are shown to be largest\naround pH 5.6 in the charge balance and chemical source strength calculations and largest\naround pH 6.1 for the conductivity balance method. Estimates of the uncertainty in historical\nmean values of precipitation ion concentrations are used to calculate upper and lower bounds on\nthe acidity of rainwater in the United States before 1970. The trend of increasing acidity of\nprecipitation in the northeastern United States is still evident after applying error analysis.", "date": "1979-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Tellus A", "volume": "31", "number": "5", "publisher": "Munskgaard", "pagerange": "421-431", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140626-091636419", "issn": "0280-6495", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140626-091636419", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Du Pont Environmental grant" }, { "agency": "Ford/Exxon Research Program" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "A-46", "name": "Environmental Quality Laboratory" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1111/j.2153-3490.1979.tb00921.x", "primary_object": { "basename": "A-46.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dg462-yp822/files/A-46.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Liljestrand, Howard M. and Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9vzwv-0zx67", "eprint_id": 49808, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:59:54", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 16:09:45", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jackson-George-A", "name": { "family": "Jackson", "given": "George A." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Koh-Robert-C-Y", "name": { "family": "Koh", "given": "Robert C. Y." } }, { "id": "Brooks-N-H", "name": { "family": "Brooks", "given": "Norman H." } } ] }, "title": "Assessment of alternative ocean sludge disposal practices", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1977, Caltech Environmental Quality Laboratory. December 1977. EQL's research project on effects of alternative practices for sewage sludge discharge in the ocean has been supported in turn by the Ford Foundation (Grant No. 740-0469) from 1975 through February 1977; by the Rockefeller Foundation (Grant No. CANES 7706) since March\n1977; and by a consortium of the County Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County, the City of Los Angeles, and the County Sanitation Districts of Orange County since August 1977. This interim report covers primarily the work done since March 1977. Bill Davis and Roger T. Haug, representing the local sponsoring agencies, provided very helpful liason. The author and collaborators wish to acknowledge especially the summer research work of Douglas Kent, who conducted the literature review on chemical information and prepared the first draft of most of Appendix 1. For skillful typing of the manuscript, our thanks go to Pat Hofmann and Diane Davis.\n\nSubmitted - 77-9.pdf
", "date": "1977-12", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140918-092258416", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140918-092258416", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Ford Foundation", "grant_number": "740-0469" }, { "agency": "Rockefeller Foundation", "grant_number": "CANES 7706" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "77-9", "name": "Environmental Quality Laboratory" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/9vzwv-0zx67", "primary_object": { "basename": "77-9.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9vzwv-0zx67/files/77-9.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "1977", "author_list": "Jackson, George A.; Morgan, James J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v8t94-wev72", "eprint_id": 106890, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:46:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:08:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morel-F-M-M", "name": { "family": "Morel", "given": "Francois" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6311-7826" }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James" } } ] }, "title": "A numerical method for computing equilibriums in aqueous chemical systems", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1972 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review Nov. 25, 1970. Accepted March 14, 1971. \n\nThis work was supported in part by a grant from the Gulf Oil Corp. We thank Russell E. McDuff for help in making the computations.", "abstract": "A general purpose computer program especially adapted to the study of acid-base and coordinative interactions and dissolution and precipitation in aqueous systems has been developed. The program uses the stability constant approach and the Newton-Raphson method for digital computation of equilibria. It is able to handle numerous species and to find the equilibrium set of solids. Gas phases are considered to be at constant partial pressures. The method is explained by use of the aqueous iron(III)-calcium-carbonate-phosphate system as an example. An application of the program to a system of 788 soluble species, 83 possible solids, and one gas-phase component is given as an illustration.", "date": "1972-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "6", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "58-67", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201202-154044372", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201202-154044372", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Gulf Oil Corporation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es60060a006", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1972", "author_list": "Morel, Francois and Morgan, James" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hmndh-2w454", "eprint_id": 106893, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:36:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:09:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Chemistry and the quality of man's environment", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1967 American Chemical Society.", "abstract": "Chemistry has a major role to play in understanding the water, air, and land environments and in preventing their degradation. The Division of Water, Air, and Waste Chemistry of the ACS has made significant efforts through its research programs and symposiums to advance sound chemical approaches to natural water quality, air pollution phenomena and their control, and the technology of domestic and industrial water and waste treatment.", "date": "1967-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "1", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "5", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201202-165014486", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201202-165014486", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1021/es60001a604", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1967", "author_list": "Morgan, James J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/85v5n-ec660", "eprint_id": 106887, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:42:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:08:48", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Stumm-Werner", "name": { "family": "Stumm", "given": "Werner" } } ] }, "title": "Colloid-chemical properties of manganese dioxide", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1964 Published by Elsevier. \n\nReceived 7 August 1963, Revised 16 September 1963. \n\nThis work was supported by the U. S. Public Health Service, Research Grants WP-13 and WP-98. The authors wish to thank Jessie Lee for excellent technical assistance and O. P. Bricker, Division of Geological Sciences, Harvard University, for his kindness in running a number of X-ray powder patterns.", "abstract": "A synthetic, poorly ordered manganese dioxide (Mn_(01.90)-MnO_(1.95)) has been studied with respect to colloidal stability and the ability to sorb or exchange Mn\u207a\u00b2, with concomitant release of H\u207a ions. MnO\u2082 suspensions of concentrations 10\u207b\u2075 to 10\u207b\u00b3M were observed to exist as colloidal dispersions at neutral and alkaline pH values for periods of several months or more. Deductions based upon acid-base titrations of MnO\u2082 suspensions indicate that the zero point of charge with respect to net OH\u207b and H\u207a ions bound is somewhat below pH 3 and that H\u207a and OH\u207b function as potential-determining ions. Colloidal MnO\u2082 is destabilized by relatively small concentrations of Mn\u207a\u00b2 ions; H\u207a ions are released in the process. At pH 7.5 the capacity of the oxide for Mn\u207a\u00b2 sorption is 0.5 mole of Mn\u207a\u00b2 per mole of MnO\u2082; capacities of ca. 2 moles per mole are realized at pH values near 9. The uptake of Mn\u207a\u00b2 and release of H\u207a occurs rather rapidly, times of the order of 5 minutes or less being required for 50 % exchange. The observed nonstoichiometric products of oxidation of dilute Mn\u207a\u00b2 would seem to be interpreted satisfactorily as resulting from the uptake of Mn\u207a\u00b2 ions in varying proportions by hydrous manganese dioxide. The characteristics of colloidal MnO\u2082 appear to provide an instructive model for interpreting the behavior of a number of other colloidal hydrous metal oxides.", "date": "1964-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid Science", "volume": "19", "number": "4", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "347-359", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201202-154044074", "issn": "0095-8522", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201202-154044074", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS)", "grant_number": "WP-13" }, { "agency": "U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS)", "grant_number": "WP-98" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0095-8522(64)90036-4", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1964", "author_list": "Morgan, James J. and Stumm, Werner" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7eqcw-qk841", "eprint_id": 107024, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:08:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:56:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stumm-Werner", "name": { "family": "Stumm", "given": "Werner" } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Black-A-P", "name": { "family": "Black", "given": "A. P." } } ] }, "title": "Chemical Aspects of Coagulation [with Discussion]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Hydrolysis; Coagulation", "note": "\u00a9 1962 American Water Works Association.\n\nThe investigation was supported in part by Research Grant WP-13 and WP-98 from the National Institutes of Health, USPHS.\n\n(1963), Correction. Journal \u2010 American Water Works Association, 55: 208-208. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1963.tb01015.x", "abstract": "This article presents a comprehensive review of the chemistry underlying the hydrolysis of ferric and aluminum salts, the probable composition of the various hydrolysis products, and suggests the possibility that these highly hydrated materials may very likely have a polymeric structure. It is emphasized throughout the paper that the effect of the multivalent ferric and aluminum ions upon coagulation is not brought about by the ions themselves but by their hydrolysis products. A discussion by A.P. Black follows the article.", "date": "1962-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal - American Water Works Association", "volume": "54", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Water Works Association", "pagerange": "971-994", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201210-160239817", "issn": "0003-150X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201210-160239817", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "WP-13" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "WP\u201098" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/j.1551-8833.1962.tb00922.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1962", "author_list": "Stumm, Werner; Morgan, James J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmpx2-j2m81", "eprint_id": 107019, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:57:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:16:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Engelbrecht-Richard-S", "name": { "family": "Engelbrecht", "given": "Richard S." } } ] }, "title": "Effects of Phosphates on Coagulation and Sedimentation of Turbid Waters", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Detergents; Sedimentation; Coagulation; Treatment Plants; Phosphates; Clarification", "note": "\u00a9 1960 American Water Works Association. \n\nVersion of Record online: 01 October 1960. \n\nThis article reports part of an investigation conducted at the University of Illinois, Urbana, Ill., and sponsored by the Association of American Soap & Glycerine Producers, New York, N.Y. The authors wish to acknowledge the contributions to the research by Jess C. Dietz, the initial project director; Robert H. Harmeson, engineer in charge; and John R. Towers, H. Khalifa, and L. B. Boice, research assistants.", "abstract": "The increased consumption of synthetic detergents in recent years has prompted research into the effects of these substances on conventional water treatment processes. Operational difficulties have been attributed to the presence of synthetic detergent compounds in treatment plant influents, and considerable research has been undertaken to establish what effects synthetic detergent components have on treatment processes, principally coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration. The major components of present\u2010day commercial synthetic detergents are surface\u2010active agents and builder compounds. The most important compounds among the builders are the condensed phosphates, sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (TSPP). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of STP and TSPP on the clarification of hard, turbid water under conditions of continuous flow in a pilot\u2010scale treatment plant. Results show that STP and TSPP, in relatively high concentrations, are capable of interfering with the coagulation and sedimentation of hard, turbid waters. The effects of TSPP and STP appear to be equal. The magnitude of the interference is reduced by reasonable increases in the coagulant dosage, improvement of mixing and flocculation characteristics, and by an increase in settling time.", "date": "1960-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal - American Water Works Association", "volume": "52", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Water Works Association", "pagerange": "1303-1314", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201210-152242519", "issn": "0003-150X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201210-152242519", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1002/j.1551-8833.1960.tb00610.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1960", "author_list": "Morgan, James J. and Engelbrecht, Richard S." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pcn6s-vc231", "eprint_id": 107023, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:55:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:17:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Engelbrecht-Richard-S", "name": { "family": "Engelbrecht", "given": "Richard S." } } ] }, "title": "Survey of Phosphate and ABS Concentrations in Illinois Streams", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Surveys; Surface Water; Illinois; Phosphates; Detergents; Effluents; Discharge; Water Quality", "note": "\u00a9 1960 American Water Works Association. \n\nThis investigation represents part of a research project supported by AASGP. Appreciation is expressed to J. C. Dietz, who initially was director of the project; R. J. Harrison, who was engineer in charge; and L. B. Boice, who was the chemist.", "abstract": "The rapid increase in the use of synthetic detergents during the past decade has undoubtedly led to the presence of greater quantities of synthetic detergent compounds in sewage effluents and, as a consequence, in certain surface water supplies. Questions have been raised concerning the persistence of these substances in natural waters and their possible effects on water treatment processes. This article presents data on ortho\u2010 and condensed phosphates, alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS), and water quality from a survey of Illinois surface waters made during the period 1955\u201057, in which 204 surface water samples were collected and analyzed. The four parts of the Illinois survey are described, along with rainfall and streamflow discharge from this same period, and survey results.", "date": "1960-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal - American Water Works Association", "volume": "52", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Water Works Association", "pagerange": "471-482", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201210-160239685", "issn": "0003-150X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201210-160239685", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Association of American Soap & Glycerine Producers" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/j.1551-8833.1960.tb00501.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1960", "author_list": "Morgan, James J. and Engelbrecht, Richard S." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2zst9-fnw08", "eprint_id": 107123, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:16:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:33:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Engelbrecht-Richard-S", "name": { "family": "Engelbrecht", "given": "Richard S." } }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } } ] }, "title": "Studies on the Occurrence and Degradation of Condensed Phosphate in Surface Waters", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1959 Wiley. \n\nPresented at the 31st Annual Meeting, Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Assns.; Detroit, Mich.; Oct. 6-9, 1958. \n\nThis investigation represents a portion of a study supported by the Association of American Soap and Glycerine Producers, Inc. Appreciation is expressed to Dr. J. C. Dietz, who was initially Director of the study; Mr. R. H. Harmeson, who supervised the collection of stream data; and Miss L. B. Boice, who was the chemist.", "abstract": "It has been suggested that the condensed phosphate compounds of synthetic detergents might find their way through sewage treatment plants and surface waters and into water supply intakes. Since STP and TSPP are known to possess inherent peptizing and deflocculating properties, their presence in water supplies could conceivably produce interferences with normal coagulation and sedimentation operations in conventional water treatment processes. The studies reported in this paper are concerned with: (a) the concentrations of condensed phosphates found in sewage effluents and in surface waters in Illinois, and (b) the persistence of condensed phosphate compounds in natural waters.", "date": "1959-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Sewage and Industrial Wastes", "volume": "31", "number": "4", "publisher": "Federation of Sewage and Industrial Wastes Association", "pagerange": "458-478", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201216-122024665", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201216-122024665", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Association of American Soap and Glycerine Producers" } ] }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1959", "author_list": "Engelbrecht, Richard S. and Morgan, James J." } ]