[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y4qgn-g2d17", "eprint_id": 122174, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 21:28:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:03:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Grogans-Shannon-E", "name": { "family": "Grogans", "given": "Shannon E." } }, { "id": "Bliss-Moreau-Eliza", "name": { "family": "Bliss-Moreau", "given": "Eliza" } }, { "id": "Buss-Kristin-A", "name": { "family": "Buss", "given": "Kristin A." } }, { "id": "Clark-Lee-Anna", "name": { "family": "Clark", "given": "Lee Anna" } }, { "id": "Fox-Andrew-S", "name": { "family": "Fox", "given": "Andrew S." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0695-3323" }, { "id": "Keltner-Dacher", "name": { "family": "Keltner", "given": "Dacher" } }, { "id": "Cowen-Alan-S", "name": { "family": "Cowen", "given": "Alan S." } }, { "id": "Kim-Jeansok-J", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Jeansok J." } }, { "id": "Kragel-Philip-A", "name": { "family": "Kragel", "given": "Philip A." } }, { "id": "MacLeod-Colin", "name": { "family": "MacLeod", "given": "Colin" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Naragon-Gainey-Kristin", "name": { "family": "Naragon-Gainey", "given": "Kristin" } }, { "id": "Fullana-Miquel-A", "name": { "family": "Fullana", "given": "Miquel A." } }, { "id": "Shackman-Alexander-J", "name": { "family": "Shackman", "given": "Alexander J." } } ] }, "title": "The nature and neurobiology of fear and anxiety: State of the science and opportunities for accelerating discovery", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Behavioral Neuroscience; Cognitive Neuroscience; Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology", "note": "\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAuthors acknowledge assistance and critical feedback from the discussants, K. DeYoung, L. Friedman, and J. Smith. This work was supported by the California National Primate Center; National Institutes of Health (AA030042, MH131264, MH121409, MH121735, MH128336, MH129851, OD011107, MH118218, MH109692, MH114974); Pennsylvania State University; University of California, Davis; and University of Maryland. Authors declare no conflicts of interest. \n\nAuthor contributions: A.J.S. envisioned the virtual panel discussion. A.J.S. formulated the discussion prompts with guidance from M.A.F. and A.S.F. E.B.-M., K.A.B., L.A.C., A.S.F., D.K., A.S.C., J.J.K., P.A.K., C.M, D.M., and K.N.-G. responded to the discussion prompts. A.J.S. and L.A.C. reviewed and edited the responses. S.E.G. and A.J.S. wrote the remaining sections of the paper. M.A.F. and A.J.S. coordinated editorial communications. All authors contributed to reviewing and revising the paper and approved the final version.\n\n
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0149763423002063-mmc1.docx
", "abstract": "Fear and anxiety play a central role in mammalian life, and there is considerable interest in clarifying their nature, identifying their biological underpinnings, and determining their consequences for health and disease. Here we provide a roundtable discussion on the nature and biological bases of fear- and anxiety-related states, traits, and disorders. The discussants include scientists familiar with a wide variety of populations and a broad spectrum of techniques. The goal of the roundtable was to take stock of the state of the science and provide a roadmap to the next generation of fear and anxiety research. Much of the discussion centered on the key challenges facing the field, the most fruitful avenues for future research, and emerging opportunities for accelerating discovery, with implications for scientists, funders, and other stakeholders. Understanding fear and anxiety is a matter of practical importance. Anxiety disorders are a leading burden on public health and existing treatments are far from curative, underscoring the urgency of developing a deeper understanding of the factors governing threat-related emotions.", "date": "2023-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews", "volume": "151", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "Art. No. 105237", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230706-731611100.6", "issn": "0149-7634", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230706-731611100.6", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "AA030042" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH131264" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH121409" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH121735" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH128336" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH129851" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "OD011107" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH118218" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH109692" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH114974" }, { "agency": "Pennsylvania State University" }, { "agency": "University of California, Davis" }, { "agency": "University of Maryland" }, { "agency": "California National Primate Center" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105237", "pmcid": "PMC10330657", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0149763423002063-mmc1.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y4qgn-g2d17/files/1-s2.0-S0149763423002063-mmc1.docx" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Grogans, Shannon E.; Bliss-Moreau, Eliza; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ctam5-evb78", "eprint_id": 121875, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 20:52:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 16:19:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Reis-Fernando-M-C-V", "name": { "family": "Reis", "given": "Fernando M. C. V." } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Canteras-Newton-S", "name": { "family": "Canteras", "given": "Newton S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7205-5372" }, { "id": "Adhikari-Avishek", "name": { "family": "Adhikari", "given": "Avishek" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9187-9211" } ] }, "title": "Orchestration of innate and conditioned defensive actions by the periaqueductal gray", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience; Pharmacology", "note": "\u00a9 2023 Elsevier. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Institute for Mental Health (R00 MH106649 and R01 MH119089) (AA), the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (Grant # 22663 to AA, and Grants # 27654 and # 31093 to FMCVR), the S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Research Grant #2014/05432-9 (N.S.C.), and the Hellman Foundation (AA). We thank Judy Genshaft and Steven Greenbaum, and the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation for funding Young Investigator Awards (FMCVR), and Nancy and Jon Glaser Family and the Friends of Semel Scholar Program (FMCVR). \n\nAuthor contributions: FMCVR and AA conceptualized the review. AA and FMCVR wrote the abstract and introduction. FMCVR wrote the innate fear section and conclusion, NSC wrote the learned fear section, and DM wrote the human fear section. \n\nNone of the authors has relevant financial interests to disclose or a conflict of interest. \n\nData availability: No data was used for the research described in the article.", "abstract": "The midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) has been recognized for decades as having a central role in the control of a wide variety of defensive responses. Initial discoveries relied primarily on lesions, electrical stimulation and pharmacology. Recent developments in neural activity imaging and in methods to control activity with anatomical and genetic specificity have revealed additional streams of data informing our understanding of PAG function. Here, we discuss both classic and modern studies reporting on how PAG-centered circuits influence innate as well as learned defensive actions in rodents and humans. Though early discoveries emphasized the PAG's role in rapid induction of innate defensive actions, emerging new data indicate a prominent role for the PAG in more complex processes, including representing behavioral states and influencing fear learning and memory.", "date": "2023-05-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Neuropharmacology", "volume": "228", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "Art. No. 109458", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230612-735544000.39", "issn": "0028-3908", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230612-735544000.39", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "R00 MH106649" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "R01 MH119089" }, { "agency": "Brain and Behavior Research Foundation", "grant_number": "22663" }, { "agency": "Brain and Behavior Research Foundation", "grant_number": "27654" }, { "agency": "Brain and Behavior Research Foundation", "grant_number": "31093" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)", "grant_number": "2014/05432-9" }, { "agency": "Hellman Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109458", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Reis, Fernando M. C. V.; Mobbs, Dean; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gchpd-txj71", "eprint_id": 116050, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-10-09 21:13:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 18:30:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "Zbozinek-Tomislav-D", "name": { "family": "Zbozinek", "given": "Tomislav D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0187-671X" }, { "id": "Charpentier-Caroline-J", "name": { "family": "Charpentier", "given": "Caroline J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7283-0738" }, { "id": "Michelini-Giorgia", "name": { "family": "Michelini", "given": "Giorgia" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0887-7582" }, { "id": "Hagan-Cindy-C", "name": { "family": "Hagan", "given": "Cindy C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4576-7120" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Computationally-defined markers of uncertainty aversion predict emotional responses during a global pandemic", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "stress, decision-making, pandemic, anxiety, ambiguity; General Psychology", "note": "\u00a9 2022 American Psychological Association. \n\nReceived May 17, 2021. Revision received December 7, 2021. Accepted December 15, 2021. \n\nAuthors: Toby Wise and Tomislav D. Zbozinek contributed equally to the article. \n\nThis work was supported by Wellcome Trust Sir Henry Wellcome\nFellowships to Toby Wise and Caroline J. Charpentier (206460/Z/17/Z and 218642/Z/19/Z). Toby Wise is supported by a Professor Anthony Mellows Fellowship. Tomislav D. Zbozinek is supported by the National Science Foundation (1911441). Dean Mobbs is supported by an Award from the Merkin Institute for Translational Research, US National Institute of Mental Health Grant 2P50MH094258, and a Chen Institute Award (P2026052). This research was funded, in whole or in part, by The Wellcome Trust, Grant 20640/Z/17/Z and 218642/Z/19/Z. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any Author Accepted article version arising from this submission. \n\nOSF repository: https://osf.io/jgpex/.\n\nAccepted Version - 2022-67201-001-acc.pdf
Supplemental Material - EMO-2021-2669_Supplementary_Materials.pdf
", "abstract": "Exposure to stressful life events involving threat and uncertainty often results in the development of anxiety. However, the factors that confer risk and resilience for anxiety following real world stress at a computational level remain unclear. We identified core components of uncertainty aversion moderating response to stress posed by the COVID-19 pandemic derived from computational modeling of decision making. Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, we investigated both immediate effects at the onset of the stressor, as well as medium-term changes in response to persistent stress. 479 subjects based in the United States completed a decision-making task measuring risk aversion, loss aversion, and ambiguity aversion in the early stages of the pandemic (March 2020). Self-report measures targeting threat perception, anxiety, and avoidant behavior in response to the pandemic were collected at the same time point and 8 weeks later (May 2020). Cross-sectional analyses indicated that higher risk aversion predicted higher perceived threat from the pandemic, and ambiguity aversion for guaranteed gains predicted perceived threat and pandemic-related anxiety. In longitudinal analyses, ambiguity aversion for guaranteed gains predicted greater increases in perceived infection likelihood. Together, these results suggest that individuals who have a low-level aversion toward uncertainty show stronger negative emotional reactions to both the onset and persistence of real-life stress.", "date": "2023-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Emotion", "volume": "23", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Psychological Association (APA)", "pagerange": "722-736", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220802-839151000", "issn": "1931-1516", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220802-839151000", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "206460/Z/17/Z" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "218642/Z/19/Z" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "BCS-1911441" }, { "agency": "Caltech Merkin Institute for Translational Research" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" }, { "agency": "Anthony and Elizabeth Mellows Charitable Settlement" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Richard-Merkin-Institute" }, { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1037/emo0001088", "primary_object": { "basename": "EMO-2021-2669_Supplementary_Materials.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gchpd-txj71/files/EMO-2021-2669_Supplementary_Materials.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "2022-67201-001-acc.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gchpd-txj71/files/2022-67201-001-acc.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Wise, Toby; Zbozinek, Tomislav D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1cf47-snr88", "eprint_id": 119529, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 18:22:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:14:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tashjian-Sarah-M", "name": { "family": "Tashjian", "given": "Sarah M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0946-6662" }, { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Model-based prioritization for acquiring protection", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Computational Theory and Mathematics; Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience; Genetics; Molecular Biology; Ecology; Modeling and Simulation; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics", "note": "\u00a9 2022 Tashjian et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. \n\nDM and SMT are supported by the US National Institute of Mental Health grant no. 2P50MH094258 and Templeton Foundation grant TWCF0366. TW is supported by a Professor Anthony Mellows Fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. \n\nWe thank Alexandra Hummel for her help with task development. \n\nPreregistration. The main hypotheses and methods were preregistered on the Open Science Framework (OSF), https://osf.io/4j3qz/registrations. \n\nThe authors have declared that no competing interests exist.\n\nPublished - pcbi.1010805.pdf
Supplemental Material - journal.pcbi.1010805.s001.tif
Supplemental Material - journal.pcbi.1010805.s002.tif
Supplemental Material - journal.pcbi.1010805.s003.tif
Supplemental Material - journal.pcbi.1010805.s004.tif
Supplemental Material - journal.pcbi.1010805.s005.tif
Supplemental Material - journal.pcbi.1010805.s006.xlsx
Supplemental Material - journal.pcbi.1010805.s007.xlsx
", "abstract": "Protection often involves the capacity to prospectively plan the actions needed to mitigate harm. The computational architecture of decisions involving protection remains unclear, as well as whether these decisions differ from other beneficial prospective actions such as reward acquisition. Here we compare protection acquisition to reward acquisition and punishment avoidance to examine overlapping and distinct features across the three action types. Protection acquisition is positively valenced similar to reward. For both protection and reward, the more the actor gains, the more benefit. However, reward and protection occur in different contexts, with protection existing in aversive contexts. Punishment avoidance also occurs in aversive contexts, but differs from protection because punishment is negatively valenced and motivates avoidance. Across three independent studies (Total N = 600) we applied computational modeling to examine model-based reinforcement learning for protection, reward, and punishment in humans. Decisions motivated by acquiring protection evoked a higher degree of model-based control than acquiring reward or avoiding punishment, with no significant differences in learning rate. The context-valence asymmetry characteristic of protection increased deployment of flexible decision strategies, suggesting model-based control depends on the context in which outcomes are encountered as well as the valence of the outcome.", "date": "2022-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "PLOS Computational Biology", "volume": "18", "number": "12", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "pagerange": "Art. No. e1010805", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230227-87934600.4", "issn": "1553-7358", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230227-87934600.4", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "John Templeton Foundation", "grant_number": "TWCF0366" }, { "agency": "Professor Anthony Mellows Fellowship" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010805", "pmcid": "PMC9810162", "primary_object": { "basename": "journal.pcbi.1010805.s003.tif", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1cf47-snr88/files/journal.pcbi.1010805.s003.tif" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "journal.pcbi.1010805.s004.tif", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1cf47-snr88/files/journal.pcbi.1010805.s004.tif" }, { "basename": "journal.pcbi.1010805.s005.tif", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1cf47-snr88/files/journal.pcbi.1010805.s005.tif" }, { "basename": "journal.pcbi.1010805.s006.xlsx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1cf47-snr88/files/journal.pcbi.1010805.s006.xlsx" }, { "basename": "journal.pcbi.1010805.s007.xlsx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1cf47-snr88/files/journal.pcbi.1010805.s007.xlsx" }, { "basename": "pcbi.1010805.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1cf47-snr88/files/pcbi.1010805.pdf" }, { "basename": "journal.pcbi.1010805.s001.tif", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1cf47-snr88/files/journal.pcbi.1010805.s001.tif" }, { "basename": "journal.pcbi.1010805.s002.tif", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1cf47-snr88/files/journal.pcbi.1010805.s002.tif" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Tashjian, Sarah M.; Wise, Toby; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rvm6m-c1373", "eprint_id": 119530, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 17:52:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:43:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Tashjian-Sarah-M", "name": { "family": "Tashjian", "given": "Sarah M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0946-6662" } ] }, "title": "Ten simple rules for unbiased teaching", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Computational Theory and Mathematics; Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience; Genetics; Molecular Biology; Ecology; Modeling and Simulation; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics", "note": "\u00a9 2022 Mobbs, Tashjian. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. \n\nWe thank the wonderful students who inspired and gave feedback on this article. We also thank Geoff Cohen, Adriana Galv\u00e1n, and Susanne Hall for their helpful input. We thank Ellen Langer for permission to use her quote. \n\nThis work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant 2P50MH094258, a Chen Institute award (P2026052) (all to D.M.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. \n\nThe authors have declared that no competing interests exist.\n\nPublished - pcbi.1010344.pdf
", "abstract": "University teaching, whether by professors, lecturers, or instructors, draws on a number of skills including communicating and simplifying complex ideas, to inspiring students and teaching critical thinking. The social sciences, from psychology to behavioral economics, and anthropology, are often a joy to teach as the fields inherently attempt to understand ourselves by scientifically interrogating all aspects of human nature. What is not often explicitly considered is that the way we communicate science can come with implicit biases and narrow cultural references. This includes the data we present and how we interpret the data, as well as the identity of the scientists themselves. Attempts to increase unbiased teaching are particularly important for members of majority-status groups. This article draws on the recent increase in adoption of learner-centered teaching approaches, which aim to give students more power over learning. In supporting this goal, we offer suggestions for educators to reduce biased teaching practices and create more inclusive and positive learning environments. These are a selection of important biases to be combatted but are not intended to be all-inclusive. The overarching goal is to encourage teachers to continue on the path toward improving diversity and inclusion and to provide concrete action steps to do so.", "date": "2022-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "PLOS Computational Biology", "volume": "18", "number": "10", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "pagerange": "Art. No. e1010344", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230227-87934600.6", "issn": "1553-7358", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230227-87934600.6", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010344", "pmcid": "PMC9536547", "primary_object": { "basename": "pcbi.1010344.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rvm6m-c1373/files/pcbi.1010344.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean and Tashjian, Sarah M." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kkxs1-y2a39", "eprint_id": 118619, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 17:39:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:26:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zbozinek-Tomislav-D", "name": { "family": "Zbozinek", "given": "Tomislav D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0187-671X" }, { "id": "P\u00e9rez-Omar-D", "name": { "family": "P\u00e9rez", "given": "Omar D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4168-5435" }, { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "Fanselow-Michael-S", "name": { "family": "Fanselow", "given": "Michael S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3850-5966" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Ambiguity drives higher-order Pavlovian learning", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Computational Theory and Mathematics; Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience; Genetics; Molecular Biology; Ecology; Modeling and Simulation; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics", "note": "This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation (https://www.nsf.gov/) under Grant No. 1911441 granted to TDZ under the supervision of DM and MF. TDZ received a salary from the National Science Foundation (https://www.nsf.gov/) under Grant No. 1911441. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.", "abstract": "In the natural world, stimulus-outcome associations are often ambiguous, and most associations are highly complex and situation-dependent. Learning to disambiguate these complex associations to identify which specific outcomes will occur in which situations is critical for survival. Pavlovian occasion setters are stimuli that determine whether other stimuli will result in a specific outcome. Occasion setting is a well-established phenomenon, but very little investigation has been conducted on how occasion setters are disambiguated when they themselves are ambiguous (i.e., when they do not consistently signal whether another stimulus will be reinforced). In two preregistered studies, we investigated the role of higher-order Pavlovian occasion setting in humans. We developed and tested the first computational model predicting direct associative learning, traditional occasion setting (i.e., 1st-order occasion setting), and 2nd-order occasion setting. This model operationalizes stimulus ambiguity as a mechanism to engage in higher-order Pavlovian learning. Both behavioral and computational modeling results suggest that 2nd-order occasion setting was learned, as evidenced by lack and presence of transfer of occasion setting properties when expected and the superior fit of our 2nd-order occasion setting model compared to the 1st-order occasion setting or direct associations models. These results provide a controlled investigation into highly complex associative learning and may ultimately lead to improvements in the treatment of Pavlovian-based mental health disorders (e.g., anxiety disorders, substance use).", "date": "2022-09-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "PLOS Computational Biology", "volume": "18", "number": "9", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "pagerange": "Art. No. e1010410", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230103-817548100.14", "issn": "1553-7358", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230103-817548100.14", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "BCS-1911441" } ] }, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010410", "pmcid": "PMC9491594", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Zbozinek, Tomislav D.; P\u00e9rez, Omar D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7x27h-2z976", "eprint_id": 114747, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 17:11:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:09:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pang-Luoyao", "name": { "family": "Pang", "given": "Luoyao" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1759-9569" }, { "id": "Li-Huidi", "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Huidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8380-5151" }, { "id": "Liu-Quanying", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Quanying" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2501-7656" }, { "id": "Luo-Yue-Jia", "name": { "family": "Luo", "given": "Yue-Jia" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Wu-Haiyan", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Haiyan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8869-6636" } ] }, "title": "Resting-state functional connectivity of social brain regions predicts motivated dishonesty", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Functional connectivity; Resting-state fMRI; Dishonesty; Machine learning; Predictive modeling; reproducibility; Cognitive Neuroscience; Neurology", "note": "\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Under a Creative Commons license. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) \n\nReceived 7 September 2021, Revised 11 April 2022, Accepted 16 April 2022, Available online 28 April 2022, Version of Record 5 May 2022. \n\nThis work is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1736125), University of Macau (CRG2020-00001-ICI, SRG202000027-ICI), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2021A1515012509, 2019A1515111038), the Science and Technology Development Fund (FDCT) of Macau (0127/2020/A3), and Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project (Category C) (SGDX2020110309280100). The authors would like to thank Mr Hao Yu who provided general support in participant recruiting. We would also like to thank Ms Xinyi Xu for the external validation dataset. \n\nData and code availability statement\nThe data used in this manuscript is not available due to privacy issues. The code used in this manuscript is available at https://github.com/andlab-um/restDishonesty. \n\nCRediT authorship contribution statement. Luoyao Pang: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing. Huidi Li: Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing. Quanying Liu: Writing \u2013 original draft. Yue-Jia Luo: Supervision. Dean Mobbs: Project administration. Haiyan Wu: Investigation, Funding acquisition, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing, Supervision. \n\nAll authors declare no competing interests.\n\nPublished - 1-s2.0-S1053811922003482-main.pdf
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S1053811922003482-mmc1.docx
", "abstract": "Motivated dishonesty is a typical social behavior varying from person to person. Resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) is capable of identifying unique patterns from functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions. Recent work has built a link between brain networks in resting state to dishonesty in Western participants. To determine and reproduce the relevant neural patterns and build an interpretable model to predict dishonesty, we analyzed two conceptually similar datasets containing rsfMRI data with different dishonesty tasks. Both tasks implemented the information-passing paradigm, in which monetary rewards were employed to induce dishonesty. We applied connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) to build a model among FC within and between four social brain networks (reward, self-referential, moral, and cognitive control). The CPM analysis indicated that FCs of social brain networks are predictive of dishonesty rate, especially FCs within reward network, and between self-referential and cognitive control networks. Our study offers an conceptual replication with integrated model to predict dishonesty with rsfMRI, and the results suggest that frequent motivated dishonest decisions may require the higher engagement of social brain regions.", "date": "2022-08-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "NeuroImage", "volume": "256", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "Art. No. 119253", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220513-557964000", "issn": "1053-8119", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220513-557964000", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "U1736125" }, { "agency": "University of Macau", "grant_number": "CRG2020-00001-ICI" }, { "agency": "University of Macau", "grant_number": "SRG202000027-ICI" }, { "agency": "Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province", "grant_number": "2021A1515012509" }, { "agency": "Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province", "grant_number": "2019A1515111038" }, { "agency": "Fundo para o Desenvolvimento das Ci\u00eancias e da Tecnologia (FCDT)", "grant_number": "0127/2020/A3" }, { "agency": "Shenzhen-Hong Kong-Macao Science and Technology Innovation Project", "grant_number": "SGDX2020110309280100" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119253", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S1053811922003482-main.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7x27h-2z976/files/1-s2.0-S1053811922003482-main.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1-s2.0-S1053811922003482-mmc1.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7x27h-2z976/files/1-s2.0-S1053811922003482-mmc1.docx" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Pang, Luoyao; Li, Huidi; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ej116-qrh90", "eprint_id": 115531, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 06:20:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:34:06", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tashjian-Sarah-M", "name": { "family": "Tashjian", "given": "Sarah M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0946-6662" }, { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Model-based prioritization for acquiring protection", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "model-based control, protection, punishment, reinforcement learning, safety", "note": "License: CC0 1.0 Universal. \n\nCreated: December 21, 2021; Last edited: March 16, 2022. \n\nDM and SMT are supported by the US National Institute of Mental Health grant no. 2P50MH094258 and Templeton Foundation grant TWCF0366. TW is supported by a Professor Anthony Mellows Fellowship. We thank Alexandra Hummel for her help with task development. \n\nPreregistration: The main hypotheses and methods were preregistered on the Open Science Framework (OSF), https://osf.io/4j3qz/registrations. \n\nData availability: Task code and raw data are available through OSF, https://osf.io/4j3qz/. \n\nAuthor Contributions: SMT developed the study concept with input from DM. SMT designed the study with input from DM and TW. Data collection was performed by SMT. Data analysis and interpretation were performed by SMT and TW. SMT drafted the manuscript, with critical revisions from DM. All authors approved of the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\n\nSubmitted - Tashjian_2022_Preprint.pdf
", "abstract": "Protection, or the mitigation of harm, often involves the capacity to prospectively plan the actions needed to combat a threat. The computational architecture of decisions involving protection remains unclear, as well as whether these decisions differ from other positive prospective actions. Here we examine effects of valence and context by comparing protection to reward, which occurs in a different context but is also positively valenced, and punishment, which also occurs in an aversive context but differs in valence. We applied computational modeling across three independent studies (Total N=600) using five iterations of a 'two-step' behavioral task to examine model-based reinforcement learning for protection, reward, and punishment in humans. Decisions motivated by acquiring safety via protection evoked a higher degree of model-based control than acquiring reward and avoiding punishment, with no significant differences in learning rate. The context-valence asymmetry characteristic of protection increased deployment of flexible decision strategies, suggesting model-based control depends on the context in which outcomes are encountered as well as the valence of the outcome.", "date": "2022-07-14", "date_type": "published", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220714-54291000", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220714-54291000", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "John Templeton Foundation", "grant_number": "TWCF0366" }, { "agency": "Professor Anthony Mellows Fellowship" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/nv5u4", "primary_object": { "basename": "Tashjian_2022_Preprint.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ej116-qrh90/files/Tashjian_2022_Preprint.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Tashjian, Sarah M.; Wise, Toby; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vbje7-n0b94", "eprint_id": 114007, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 14:03:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 23:18:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wu-Haiyan", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Haiyan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8869-6636" }, { "id": "Fung-Bowen-J", "name": { "family": "Fung", "given": "Bowen J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9177-6725" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Mentalizing During Social Interaction: The Development and Validation of the Interactive Mentalizing Questionnaire", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "mentalization, meta-cognition, theory of mind, meta-mentalizing, scale development, mind reading, ultimatum game; General Psychology", "note": "\u00a9 2022 Wu, Fung and Mobbs. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. \n\nReceived: 09 October 2021; Accepted: 24 December 2021; Published: 17 February 2022. \n\nThis work was supported by grants awarded to DM: US National Institute of Mental Health grant (2P50MH094258) and Conte project from Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute Award (P2026052). \n\nAuthor Contributions. HW and DM: designed the research. HW: performed the research and analyzed the data. HW, BF, and DM: wrote the manuscript. \n\nData Availability Statement. The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material, further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author/s. \n\nEthics Statement. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by Caltech (Protocol Number: 18-0790). The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. \n\nThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\n\nPublished - fpsyg-12-791835.pdf
Supplemental Material - Data_Sheet_1_MentalizingDuringSocialInteractionTheDevelopmentandValidationoftheInteractiveMentalizingQuestionnaire.docx
", "abstract": "Studies have shown that during social interaction a shared system underlies inferring one's own mental state, and the mental states of others \u2013 processes often referred to as mentalization. However, no validated assessment has been developed to measure second order mentalization (one's beliefs about how transparent one's thoughts are to others), or whether this capacity plays a significant role in social interaction. The current work presents a interactive mentalization theory, which divides these directional and second order aspects of mentalization, and investigates whether these constructs are measurable, stable, and meaningful in social interactions. We developed a 20-item, self-report interactive mentalization questionnaire (IMQ) in order to assess the different sub-components of mentalization: self\u2013self, self\u2013other, and other\u2013self mentalization (Study 1). We then tested this scale on a large, online sample, and report convergent and discriminant validity in the form of correlations with other measures (Study 2), as well as correlations with social deception behaviors in real online interaction with Mturk studies (Study 3 and Study 4). These results validate the IMQ, and support the idea that these three factors can predict mentalization in social interaction.", "date": "2022-02-17", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Frontiers in Psychology", "volume": "12", "publisher": "Frontiers Research Foundation", "pagerange": "Art. No. 791835", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220322-742412000", "issn": "1664-1078", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220322-742412000", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2021.791835", "pmcid": "PMC8891136", "primary_object": { "basename": "Data_Sheet_1_MentalizingDuringSocialInteractionTheDevelopmentandValidationoftheInteractiveMentalizingQuestionnaire.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vbje7-n0b94/files/Data_Sheet_1_MentalizingDuringSocialInteractionTheDevelopmentandValidationoftheInteractiveMentalizingQuestionnaire.docx" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "fpsyg-12-791835.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vbje7-n0b94/files/fpsyg-12-791835.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Wu, Haiyan; Fung, Bowen J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xnybv-37n68", "eprint_id": 107064, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 06:57:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:20:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tashjian-Sarah-M", "name": { "family": "Tashjian", "given": "Sarah M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0946-6662" }, { "id": "Fedrigo-Virginia", "name": { "family": "Fedrigo", "given": "Virginia" } }, { "id": "Molapour-Tanaz", "name": { "family": "Molapour", "given": "Tanaz" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0419-9574" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Camerer-C-F", "name": { "family": "Camerer", "given": "Colin F." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4049-1871" } ] }, "title": "Physiological Responses to a Haunted-House Threat Experience: Distinct Tonic and Phasic Effects", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "fear, physiology, skin conductance, social, threat, open data, open materials, preregistered", "note": "\u00a9 2022 by Association for Psychological Science. \n\nReceived: October 30, 2020; Accepted: May 31, 2021. Article first published online: January 10, 2022. \n\nOpen Practices: The preregistration for this experiment filed on December 27, 2019 can be accessed at https://osf.io/bw69r/. Analyses and aims were preregistered after data were recorded and prior into any inspection of the data. De-identified data along with the data analysis scripts are also posted at https://osf.io/bw69r/. \n\nAuthor Contributions: CFC and DM developed the study concept. VF, CFC, TM, and DM contributed to the study design. Data collection and preprocessing was performed by VF. Data analysis and interpretation was performed by SMT. SMT drafted the manuscript, and CFC provided critical revisions. All authors provided manuscript input, and read and approved the final version. \n\nAuthor asserted no Conflict of Interest.\n\nSubmitted - 10.31234\uf022osf.io\uf0225u9se-20-1696_2.13.21.docx
Supplemental Material - sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_09567976211032231.docx
", "abstract": "Threats elicit physiological responses, the frequency and intensity of which have implications for survival. Ethical and practical limitations on human laboratory manipulations present barriers to studying immersive threat. Furthermore, few investigations have examined group effects and concordance with subjective emotional experiences to threat. The current preregistered study measured electrodermal activity in 156 adults while they participated in small groups in a 30-min haunted-house experience involving various immersive threats. Results revealed positive associations between (a) friends and tonic arousal, (b) unexpected attacks and phasic activity (frequency and amplitude), (c) subjective fear and phasic frequency, and (d) dissociable sensitization effects linked to baseline orienting response. Findings demonstrate the relevance of (a) social dynamics (friends vs. strangers) for tonic arousal and (b) subjective fear and threat predictability for phasic arousal.", "date": "2022-02-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Psychological Science", "volume": "33", "number": "2", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "pagerange": "236-248", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201214-103544444", "issn": "0956-7976", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201214-103544444", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1177/09567976211032231", "primary_object": { "basename": "10.31234\uf022osf.io\uf0225u9se-20-1696_2.13.21.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xnybv-37n68/files/10.31234\uf022osf.io\uf0225u9se-20-1696_2.13.21.docx" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_09567976211032231.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xnybv-37n68/files/sj-docx-1-pss-10.1177_09567976211032231.docx" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Tashjian, Sarah M.; Fedrigo, Virginia; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jetby-xdj25", "eprint_id": 111719, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:28:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:42:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zbozinek-Tomislav-D", "name": { "family": "Zbozinek", "given": "Tomislav D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0187-671X" }, { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "P\u00e9rez-Omar-D", "name": { "family": "P\u00e9rez", "given": "Omar D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4168-5435" }, { "id": "Qi-Song", "name": { "family": "Qi", "given": "Song" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5886-849X" }, { "id": "Fanselow-Michael-S", "name": { "family": "Fanselow", "given": "Michael S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3850-5966" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Pavlovian occasion setting in human fear and appetitive conditioning: Effects of trait anxiety and trait depression", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Fear conditioning; Reward conditioning; Occasion setting; Anxiety; Depression; Pavlovian conditioning", "note": "\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nReceived 18 February 2021, Revised 19 August 2021, Accepted 5 October 2021, Available online 9 October 2021. \n\nThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1911441 granted to Tomislav Zbozinek, PhD under the supervision of Dean Mobbs, PhD and Michael Fanselow, PhD. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. \n\nCRediT authorship contribution statement: Tomislav D. Zbozinek: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 original draft. Toby Wise: Writing \u2013 review & editing. Omar D. Perez: Writing \u2013 review & editing. Song Qi: Writing \u2013 review & editing, Software. Michael S. Fanselow: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing \u2013 review & editing. Dean Mobbs: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Resources, Writing \u2013 review & editing.\n\nAccepted Version - 1-s2.0-S0005796721001856-main.pdf
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0005796721001856-mmc1.pdf
", "abstract": "Contexts and discrete stimuli often hierarchically influence the association between a stimulus and outcome. This phenomenon, called occasion setting, is central to modulation-based Pavlovian learning. We conducted two experiments with humans in fear and appetitive conditioning paradigms, training stimuli in differential conditioning, feature-positive discriminations, and feature-negative discriminations. We also investigated the effects of trait anxiety and trait depression on these forms of learning. Results from both experiments showed that participants were able to successfully learn which stimuli predicted the electric shock and monetary reward outcomes. Additionally, as hypothesized, the stimuli trained as occasion setters had little-to-no effect on simple reinforced or non-reinforced stimuli, suggesting the former were indeed occasion setters. Lastly, in fear conditioning, trait anxiety was associated with increases in fear of occasion setter/conditional stimulus compounds; in appetitive conditioning, trait depression was associated with lower expectations of monetary reward for the trained negative occasion setting compound and transfer of the negative occasion setter to the simple reinforced stimulus. These results suggest that clinically anxious individuals may have enhanced fear of occasion setting compounds, and clinically depressed individuals may expect less reward with compounds involving the negative occasion setter.", "date": "2021-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Behaviour Research and Therapy", "volume": "147", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "Art. No. 103986", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20211102-210822989", "issn": "0005-7967", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211102-210822989", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "BCS-1911441" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.brat.2021.103986", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0005796721001856-main.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jetby-xdj25/files/1-s2.0-S0005796721001856-main.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0005796721001856-mmc1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jetby-xdj25/files/1-s2.0-S0005796721001856-mmc1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Zbozinek, Tomislav D.; Wise, Toby; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6f1px-t0819", "eprint_id": 112751, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 11:27:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:45:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tedeschi-Ellen", "name": { "family": "Tedeschi", "given": "Ellen" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5297-4809" }, { "id": "Armand-Sophia", "name": { "family": "Armand", "given": "Sophia" } }, { "id": "Buyalskaya-Anastasia", "name": { "family": "Buyalskaya", "given": "Anastasia" } }, { "id": "Silston-Brian", "name": { "family": "Silston", "given": "Brian" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Fear in groups: Increasing group size reduces perceptions of danger", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Psychology", "note": "\u00a9 2021 American Psychological Association.", "abstract": "When we face danger or stress, the presence of others can provide a powerful signal of safety and support. However, despite a large literature on group living benefits in animals, few studies have been conducted on how group size alters subjective emotional responses and threat perception in humans. We conducted 5 experiments (N = 3,652) to investigate whether the presence of others decreases fear in response to threat under a variety of conditions. In Studies 1, 2 and 3, we experimentally manipulated group size in hypothetical and real-world situations and found that fear responses decreased as group size increased. In Studies 4 and 5 we again used a combination of hypothetical and real-world decisions to test whether increased anxiety in response to a potential threat would lead participants to choose larger groups for themselves. Participants consistently chose larger groups when threat and anxiety were high. Overall, our findings show that group size provides a salient signal of protection and safety in humans.", "date": "2021-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Emotion", "volume": "21", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Psychological Association", "pagerange": "1499-1510", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-223604300", "issn": "1931-1516", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-223604300", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship", "grant_number": "DGE 16-44869" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1037/emo0001004", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Tedeschi, Ellen; Armand, Sophia; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9kag-rsh22", "eprint_id": 105378, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 11:14:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:37:39", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Silston-Brian", "name": { "family": "Silston", "given": "Brian" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3365-0013" }, { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "Qi-Song", "name": { "family": "Qi", "given": "Song" } }, { "id": "Sui-Xin", "name": { "family": "Sui", "given": "Xin" } }, { "id": "Dayan-Peter", "name": { "family": "Dayan", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3476-1839" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Neural encoding of perceived patch value during competitive and hazardous virtual foraging", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Human behaviour; Social behaviour", "note": "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. \n\nReceived 30 September 2020; Accepted 26 August 2021; Published 16 September 2021. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health grant 2P50MH094258 and 1 R01 AG043463-01, Chen Institute award P2026052, Templeton Foundation grant TWCF0366, Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship 206460/Z/17/Z, the Max Planck Society and Humboldt Foundation. \n\nThese authors contributed equally: Brian Silston, Toby Wise. \n\nAuthor Contributions: The study was conceptualized and designed by B.S., D.M., X.S., and P.D., and created by B.S. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by B.S., S.Q., X.S., and T.W. The first draft of the manuscript was written by B.S., D.M., and T.W. and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests. \n\nPeer review information: Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer reviewer reports are available.\n\nPublished - s41467-021-25816-9.pdf
Submitted - 2020.09.11.294058v1.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41467_2021_25816_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41467_2021_25816_MOESM2_ESM.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41467_2021_25816_MOESM3_ESM.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41467_2021_25816_MOESM4_ESM.zip
", "abstract": "Natural observations suggest that in safe environments, organisms avoid competition to maximize gain, while in hazardous environments the most effective survival strategy is to congregate with competition to reduce the likelihood of predatory attack. We probed the extent to which survival decisions in humans follow these patterns, and examined the factors that determined individual-level decision-making. In a virtual foraging task containing changing levels of competition in safe and hazardous patches with virtual predators, we demonstrate that human participants inversely select competition avoidant and risk diluting strategies depending on perceived patch value (PPV), a computation dependent on reward, threat, and competition. We formulate a mathematically grounded quantification of PPV in social foraging environments and show using multivariate fMRI analyses that PPV is encoded by mid-cingulate cortex (MCC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortices (vMPFC), regions that integrate action and value signals. Together, these results suggest humans utilize and integrate multidimensional information to adaptively select patches highest in PPV, and that MCC and vMPFC play a role in adapting to both competitive and predatory threats in a virtual foraging setting.", "date": "2021-09-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Communications", "volume": "12", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "Art. No. 5478", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200914-121010230", "issn": "2041-1723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200914-121010230", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "1 R01 AG043463-01" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" }, { "agency": "John Templeton Foundation", "grant_number": "TWCF0366" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "206460/Z/17/Z" }, { "agency": "Max Planck Society" }, { "agency": "Alexander von Humboldt Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41467-021-25816-9", "pmcid": "PMC8446065", "primary_object": { "basename": "41467_2021_25816_MOESM1_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9kag-rsh22/files/41467_2021_25816_MOESM1_ESM.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "41467_2021_25816_MOESM2_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9kag-rsh22/files/41467_2021_25816_MOESM2_ESM.pdf" }, { "basename": "41467_2021_25816_MOESM3_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9kag-rsh22/files/41467_2021_25816_MOESM3_ESM.pdf" }, { "basename": "41467_2021_25816_MOESM4_ESM.zip", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9kag-rsh22/files/41467_2021_25816_MOESM4_ESM.zip" }, { "basename": "s41467-021-25816-9.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9kag-rsh22/files/s41467-021-25816-9.pdf" }, { "basename": "2020.09.11.294058v1.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9kag-rsh22/files/2020.09.11.294058v1.full.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Silston, Brian; Wise, Toby; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mw22f-tqg64", "eprint_id": 108238, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:24:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:33:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Molapour-Tanaz", "name": { "family": "Molapour", "given": "Tanaz" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0419-9574" }, { "id": "Hagan-Cindy-C", "name": { "family": "Hagan", "given": "Cindy C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4576-7120" }, { "id": "Silston-Brian", "name": { "family": "Silston", "given": "Brian" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3365-0013" }, { "id": "Wu-Haiyan", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Haiyan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8869-6636" }, { "id": "Ramstead-Maxwell-J-D", "name": { "family": "Ramstead", "given": "Maxwell" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-8177" }, { "id": "Friston-Karl", "name": { "family": "Friston", "given": "Karl" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7984-8909" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Seven computations of the social brain", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "mentalizing, social signaling, active inference, external/internal self", "note": "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press.\nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nReceived: 05 October 2019; Revision received: 01 December 2020; Editorial decision: 20 February 2021; Accepted: 24 February 2021; Published: 25 February 2021. \n\nDean Mobbs is supported by US National Institute of Mental Health grant 2P50MH094258 and a Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience Award (P2026052); Tanaz Molapour was supported by Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (project 2017-00524). \n\nAll authors declare no conflict of interest.\n\nPublished - nsab024.pdf
", "abstract": "The social environment presents the human brain with the most complex information processing demands. The computations that the brain must perform occur in parallel, combine social and nonsocial cues, produce verbal and nonverbal signals and involve multiple cognitive systems, including memory, attention, emotion and learning. This occurs dynamically and at timescales ranging from milliseconds to years. Here, we propose that during social interactions, seven core operations interact to underwrite coherent social functioning; these operations accumulate evidence efficiently\u2014from multiple modalities\u2014when inferring what to do next. We deconstruct the social brain and outline the key components entailed for successful human\u2013social interaction. These include (i) social perception; (ii) social inferences, such as mentalizing; (iii) social learning; (iv) social signaling through verbal and nonverbal cues; (v) social drives (e.g. how to increase one's status); (vi) determining the social identity of agents, including oneself and (vii) minimizing uncertainty within the current social context by integrating sensory signals and inferences. We argue that while it is important to examine these distinct aspects of social inference, to understand the true nature of the human social brain, we must also explain how the brain integrates information from the social world.", "date": "2021-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Congnitive and Affective Neuroscience", "volume": "16", "number": "8", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "745-760", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210301-080146397", "issn": "1749-5016", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210301-080146397", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "2017-00524" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1093/scan/nsab024", "pmcid": "PMC8343565", "primary_object": { "basename": "nsab024.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mw22f-tqg64/files/nsab024.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Molapour, Tanaz; Hagan, Cindy C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e8yqd-f8142", "eprint_id": 109597, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:18:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 18:04:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "Suthana-Nanthia", "name": { "family": "Suthana", "given": "Nanthia" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8796-3277" }, { "id": "Guzm\u00e1n-Noah", "name": { "family": "Guzm\u00e1n", "given": "Noah" } }, { "id": "Kriegeskorte-Nikolaus", "name": { "family": "Kriegeskorte", "given": "Nikolaus" } }, { "id": "Leibo-Joel-Z", "name": { "family": "Leibo", "given": "Joel Z." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3153-916X" } ] }, "title": "Promises and challenges of human computational ethology", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2021 Elsevier. \n\nAvailable online 17 June 2021. \n\nThis work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant 2P50MH094258, a Chen Institute award (P2026052), and Templeton Foundation grant TWCF0366 (all to D.M.). T.W. is supported by a Wellcome Trust Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship (206460/17/Z). This work is also supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS; NS103802 and NS117838), the McKnight Foundation (Technological Innovations Award in Neuroscience to N.S.), and a Keck Junior Faculty Award (to N.S.). We thank Matthew Botvinick for feedback on an earlier version of this paper.\n\nAccepted Version - nihms-1714145.pdf
", "abstract": "The movements an organism makes provide insights into its internal states and motives. This principle is the foundation of the new field of computational ethology, which links rich automatic measurements of natural behaviors to motivational states and neural activity. Computational ethology has proven transformative for animal behavioral neuroscience. This success raises the question of whether rich automatic measurements of behavior can similarly drive progress in human neuroscience and psychology. New technologies for capturing and analyzing complex behaviors in real and virtual environments enable us to probe the human brain during naturalistic dynamic interactions with the environment that so far were beyond experimental investigation. Inspired by nonhuman computational ethology, we explore how these new tools can be used to test important questions in human neuroscience. We argue that application of this methodology will help human neuroscience and psychology extend limited behavioral measurements such as reaction time and accuracy, permit novel insights into how the human brain produces behavior, and ultimately reduce the growing measurement gap between human and animal neuroscience.", "date": "2021-07-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Neuron", "volume": "109", "number": "14", "publisher": "Cell Press", "pagerange": "2224-2238", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210626-183437479", "issn": "0896-6273", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210626-183437479", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" }, { "agency": "John Templeton Foundation", "grant_number": "TWCF0366" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "206460/17/Z" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "NS103802" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "NS117838" }, { "agency": "McKnight Foundation" }, { "agency": "National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)" }, { "agency": "UCLA" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuron.2021.05.021", "pmcid": "PMC8769712", "primary_object": { "basename": "nihms-1714145.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e8yqd-f8142/files/nihms-1714145.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Wise, Toby; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f5kvs-w7039", "eprint_id": 108277, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:42:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:54:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tashjian-Sarah-M", "name": { "family": "Tashjian", "given": "Sarah M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0946-6662" }, { "id": "Zbozinek-Tomislav-D", "name": { "family": "Zbozinek", "given": "Tomislav D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0187-671X" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "A Decision Architecture for Safety Computations", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "decision making; safety; threat; ventromedial prefrontal cortex", "note": "\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAvailable online 2 March 2021. \n\nD.M. and S.M.T. are supported by the US National Institute of Mental Health grant no. 2P50MH094258 and Templeton Foundation grant TWCF0366. T.D.Z. is supported by a National Science Foundation grant no. 1911441. \n\nNo interests are declared.\n\nAccepted Version - nihms-1671275.pdf
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S1364661321000310-mmc1.docx
", "abstract": "Accurately estimating safety is critical to pursuing nondefensive survival behaviors. However, little attention has been paid to how the human brain computes safety. We conceptualize a model that consists of two components: (i) threat-oriented evaluations that focus on threat value, imminence, and predictability; and (ii) self-oriented evaluations that focus on the agent's experience, strategies, and ability to control the situation. Our model points to the dynamic interaction between these two components as a mechanism of safety estimation. Based on a growing body of human literature, we hypothesize that distinct regions of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) respond to threat and safety to facilitate survival decisions. We suggest safety is not an inverse of danger, but reflects independent computations that mediate defensive circuits and behaviors.", "date": "2021-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "volume": "25", "number": "5", "publisher": "Cell Press", "pagerange": "342-354", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210302-151224464", "issn": "1364-6613", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210302-151224464", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "John Templeton Foundation", "grant_number": "TWCF0366" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "BCS-1911441" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.tics.2021.01.013", "pmcid": "PMC8035229", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S1364661321000310-mmc1.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f5kvs-w7039/files/1-s2.0-S1364661321000310-mmc1.docx" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nihms-1671275.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f5kvs-w7039/files/nihms-1671275.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Tashjian, Sarah M.; Zbozinek, Tomislav D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dhc13-p5c24", "eprint_id": 108329, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:42:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:58:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stretton-Jason", "name": { "family": "Stretton", "given": "Jason" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9819-4733" }, { "id": "Walsh-Nicholas-D", "name": { "family": "Walsh", "given": "Nicholas D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8195-7933" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Schweizer-Susanne", "name": { "family": "Schweizer", "given": "Susanne" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6153-8291" }, { "id": "van-Harmelen-Anne-Laura", "name": { "family": "van Harmelen", "given": "Anne-Laura" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1108-2921" }, { "id": "Lombardo-Michael-V", "name": { "family": "Lombardo", "given": "Michael" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6780-8619" }, { "id": "Goodyer-Ian-M", "name": { "family": "Goodyer", "given": "Ian" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9183-0373" }, { "id": "Dalgleish-Tim", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7304-2231" } ] }, "title": "How biopsychosocial depressive risk shapes behavioral and neural responses to social evaluation in adolescence", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "adolescence; biopsychosocial; depressive risk; emotion context insensitivity; partial least squares", "note": "\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Brain and Behavior published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nIssue Online: 13 May 2021; Version of Record online: 04 March 2021; Manuscript accepted: 28 November 2020; Manuscript revised: 27 November 2020; Manuscript received: 31 March 2020. \n\nThe authors gratefully thank colleagues at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge and the MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge for help during this work. This work was supported by grants from Friends of Peterhouse Medical Fund Cambridge (RG 51114), the Wellcome Trust (RG 074296), and the UK Medical Research Council (MC US A060 0019). \n\nAuthor Contributions: TD, IG, DM, and NW devised the study. NW and SS collected the data. JS, ML, and ALvH analyzed the data. JS and TD wrote the paper. \n\nAll authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflict of interests. \n\nPeer Review: The peer review history for this article is available at https://publons.com/publon/10.1002/brb3.2005. \n\nData Availability Statement: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\n\nPublished - brb3.2005.pdf
Submitted - Manuscript.docx
Supplemental Material - brb32005-sup-0001-supinfo.docx
", "abstract": "Introduction: Understanding the emotional responsivity style and neurocognitive profiles of depression\u2010related processes in at\u2010risk youth may be helpful in revealing those most likely to develop affective disorders. However, the multiplicity of biopsychosocial risk factors makes it difficult to disentangle unique and combined effects at a neurobiological level. \n\nMethods: In a population\u2010derived sample of 56 older adolescents (aged 17\u201320), we adopted partial least squares regression and correlation models to explore the relationships between multivariate biopsychosocial risks for later depression, emotional response style, and fMRI activity, to rejecting and inclusive social feedback. \n\nResults: Behaviorally, higher depressive risk was associated with both reduced negative affect following negative social feedback and reduced positive affect following positive social feedback. In response to both cues of rejection and inclusion, we observed a general neural pattern of increased cingulate, temporal, and striatal activity in the brain. Secondly, in response to rejection only, we observed a pattern of activity in ostensibly executive control\u2010 and emotion regulation\u2010related brain regions encompassing fronto\u2010parietal brain networks including the angular gyrus. \n\nConclusion: The results suggest that risk for depression is associated with a pervasive emotional insensitivity in the face of positive and negative social feedback.", "date": "2021-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Brain and Behavior", "volume": "11", "number": "5", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "Art. No. e02005", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210305-104716207", "issn": "2162-3279", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210305-104716207", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "University of Cambridge", "grant_number": "RG 51114" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "RG 074296" }, { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)", "grant_number": "MC US A060 0019" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/brb3.2005", "primary_object": { "basename": "brb32005-sup-0001-supinfo.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dhc13-p5c24/files/brb32005-sup-0001-supinfo.docx" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Manuscript.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dhc13-p5c24/files/Manuscript.docx" }, { "basename": "brb3.2005.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dhc13-p5c24/files/brb3.2005.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Stretton, Jason; Walsh, Nicholas D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5wwzr-xh409", "eprint_id": 106811, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 07:39:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:32:32", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zbozinek-Tomislav-D", "name": { "family": "Zbozinek", "given": "Tomislav D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0187-671X" }, { "id": "P\u00e9rez-Omar-D", "name": { "family": "P\u00e9rez", "given": "Omar" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4168-5435" }, { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "Fanselow-Michael-S", "name": { "family": "Fanselow", "given": "Michael" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3850-5966" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Ambiguity Drives Higher-Order Pavlovian Learning", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "2nd-order occasion setting; appetitive conditioning; classical conditioning; computational modeling; occasion setting; Pavlovian conditioning; reinforcement learning; reward learning; second-order occasion setting", "note": "License: CC-By Attribution 4.0 International. \n\nCreated: November 23, 2020; Last edited: December 16, 2020.\n\nThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1911441 granted to Tomislav Zbozinek, PhD under the supervision of Dean Mobbs, PhD and Michael Fanselow, PhD. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. \n\nAuthor asserted no Conflict of Interest.\n\nSubmitted - osf.io-t2x8r.pdf
", "abstract": "In the natural world, stimulus-outcome associations are often noisy and ambiguous. Learning to disambiguate these associations to identify which specific outcomes will occur is critical for survival. Pavlovian occasion setters are stimuli that determine whether other stimuli that are ambiguous will result in a specific outcome. Occasion setting is a well-established field, but very little investigation has been conducted on how occasion setters are disambiguated when they themselves are ambiguous. We investigated the role of higher-order Pavlovian occasion setting in humans. We also developed and tested the first computational model predicting direct associations, traditional occasion setting, and 2nd-order occasion setting. Results showed that occasion setters affected ambiguous but not unambiguous lower-order stimuli and that 2nd-order occasion setting was indeed learned. Our computational model demonstrated excellent fit with the data, advancing our theoretical understanding of learning with ambiguity. These results may ultimately improve treatment of Pavlovian-based mental health disorders (e.g., anxiety).", "date": "2020-11-24", "date_type": "published", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201124-115854570", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201124-115854570", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "BCS-1911441" } ] }, "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/t2x8r", "primary_object": { "basename": "osf.io-t2x8r.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5wwzr-xh409/files/osf.io-t2x8r.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Zbozinek, Tomislav D.; P\u00e9rez, Omar; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5dm8y-tzv93", "eprint_id": 108327, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:11:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:56:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Liu-Cuizhen", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "C." } }, { "id": "Pu-Min", "name": { "family": "Pu", "given": "M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0434-7955" }, { "id": "Lian-Weicheng", "name": { "family": "Lian", "given": "W." } }, { "id": "Hu-Li", "name": { "family": "Hu", "given": "L." } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Yu-Rongjun", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0123-1524" } ] }, "title": "Conscious awareness differentially shapes analgesic and hyperalgesic pain responses", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2020 American Psychological Association.", "abstract": "A large proportion of human cognitive processes may operate outside of conscious awareness. Subliminally presented visual stimuli that are not consciously perceived have a pervasive effect on behavioral and autonomic responses. Recent studies have claimed that placebo/nocebo effects, which are previously thought to require conscious expectancies, can be elicited to comparable levels regardless of whether the stimuli were consciously perceived or not. We systematically explored the role of consciousness in conditioned analgesic and hyperalgesic pain responses using both classical delay conditioning procedure and trace conditioning procedure. In 2 experiments (total N = 247), we found that analgesic and hyperalgesic responses were differentially dependent on the conscious awareness of the relevant stimuli. Specifically, the analgesic response was only significant when stimuli were supraliminal in both conditioning/acquisition phase and test/activation phases. While the hyperalgesic responses were acquired and activated irrespective of stimulus exposure (supraliminal/subliminal), the magnitude of this response was larger when stimuli were supraliminal in the test stage. Our results indicate that analgesic responses require both conscious conditioning and conscious activation, challenging the view that classical conditioning of analgesic pain responses operates without conscious awareness. Hyperalgesic responses are generally not dependent on the consciousness of stimuli, suggesting the presence of a valence-specific rapid regulatory mechanism to enable adaptive responses in threatening circumstances. Our study demonstrates a nascent role of consciousness in the learning of complex cognitive processes.", "date": "2020-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Experimental Psychology: General", "volume": "149", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Psychological Association", "pagerange": "2007-2019", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210305-102605987", "issn": "1939-2222", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210305-102605987", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1037/xge0000759", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Liu, C.; Pu, M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s31gs-9cc18", "eprint_id": 105444, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-10-03 22:28:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:29:48", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "Zbozinek-Tomislav-D", "name": { "family": "Zbozinek", "given": "Tomislav D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0187-671X" }, { "id": "Michelini-Giorgia", "name": { "family": "Michelini", "given": "Giorgia" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0887-7582" }, { "id": "Hagan-Cindy-C", "name": { "family": "Hagan", "given": "Cindy C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4576-7120" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Changes in risk perception and self-reported protective behaviour during the first week of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "coronavirus, COVID-19, risk perception, protective behaviour, pandemic", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. \n\nManuscript received 01/05/2020; Manuscript accepted 07/09/2020; Published online 16/09/2020. \n\nEthics: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the California Institute of Technology and subjects provided informed consent. \n\nData accessibility: All analysis code was written in Python and is available along with data at https://github.com/tobywise/covid19-risk-perception. \n\nAuthors' contributions: All authors designed the study. T.W. collected and analysed the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript. \n\nWe declare we have no competing interests. \n\nThis work was supported by the US National Institute of Mental Health grant no. 2P50MH094258 and a Chen Institute Award (grant no. P2026052); Merkin Institute grant DM1.COV19R1 and Templeton Foundation grant TWCF0366 (both to D.M.). T.W. is supported by a Wellcome Trust Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship (grant no. 206460/17/Z). T.D.Z. is supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 1911441).\n\nPublished - rsos-200742.pdf
Supplemental Material - rsos200742_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "Efforts to change behaviour are critical in minimizing the spread of highly transmissible pandemics such as COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether individuals are aware of disease risk and alter their behaviour early in the pandemic. We investigated risk perception and self-reported engagement in protective behaviours in 1591 United States-based individuals cross-sectionally and longitudinally over the first week of the pandemic. Subjects demonstrated growing awareness of risk and reported engaging in protective behaviours with increasing frequency but underestimated their risk of infection relative to the average person in the country. Social distancing and hand washing were most strongly predicted by the perceived probability of personally being infected. However, a subgroup of individuals perceived low risk and did not engage in these behaviours. Our results highlight the importance of risk perception in early interventions during large-scale pandemics.", "date": "2020-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Royal Society Open Science", "volume": "7", "number": "9", "publisher": "Royal Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 200742", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200918-083207183", "issn": "2054-5703", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200918-083207183", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" }, { "agency": "Caltech Merkin Institute for Translational Research", "grant_number": "DM1.COV19R1" }, { "agency": "John Templeton Foundation", "grant_number": "TWCF0366" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "206460/17/Z" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "BCS-1911441" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" }, { "id": "Richard-Merkin-Institute" }, { "id": "COVID-19" } ] }, "doi": "10.1098/rsos.200742", "pmcid": "PMC7540790", "primary_object": { "basename": "rsos-200742.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s31gs-9cc18/files/rsos-200742.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "rsos200742_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s31gs-9cc18/files/rsos200742_si_001.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Wise, Toby; Zbozinek, Tomislav D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bxsj9-3ka24", "eprint_id": 103816, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:48:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 16:44:46", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Qi-Song", "name": { "family": "Qi", "given": "Song" } }, { "id": "Cross-Logan", "name": { "family": "Cross", "given": "Logan" } }, { "id": "Wise-Toby", "name": { "family": "Wise", "given": "Toby" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9021-3282" }, { "id": "Sui-Xin", "name": { "family": "Sui", "given": "Xin" } }, { "id": "O'Doherty-J-P", "name": { "family": "O'Doherty", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0016-3531" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "The Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Spatial Margin of Safety Calculations", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. \n\nPosted June 08, 2020.\n\nSubmitted - 2020.06.05.137075v1.full.pdf
", "abstract": "Humans, like many other animals, pre-empt danger by moving to locations that maximize their success at escaping future threats. We test the idea that spatial margin of safety (MOS) decisions, a form of pre-emptive avoidance, results in participants placing themselves closer to safer locations when facing more unpredictable threats. Using multivariate pattern analysis on fMRI data collected while subjects engaged in MOS decisions with varying attack location predictability, we show that while the hippocampus encodes MOS decisions across all types of threat, a vmPFC anterior-posterior gradient tracked threat predictability. The posterior vmPFC encoded for more unpredictable threat and showed functional coupling with the amygdala and hippocampus. Conversely, the anterior vmPFC was more active for the more predictable attacks and showed coupling with the striatum. Our findings suggest that when pre-empting danger, the anterior vmPFC may provide a safety signal, possibly via predictable positive outcomes, while the posterior vmPFC drives prospective danger signals.", "date": "2020-06-10", "date_type": "published", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200610-095313820", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200610-095313820", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1101/2020.06.05.137075", "primary_object": { "basename": "2020.06.05.137075v1.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bxsj9-3ka24/files/2020.06.05.137075v1.full.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Qi, Song; Cross, Logan; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5w25g-wbm94", "eprint_id": 100979, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:49:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:18:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wu-Haiyan", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Haiyan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8869-6636" }, { "id": "Liu-Xun", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Xun" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1366-8926" }, { "id": "Hagan-C-C", "name": { "family": "Hagan", "given": "Cindy C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4576-7120" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Mentalizing During Social InterAction: A Four Component Model", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Metacognition; mentalizing; vicarious mentalizing; co-mentalizing; social inference", "note": "\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd. \n\nReceived 2 August 2019, Revised 3 December 2019, Accepted 13 December 2019, Available online 28 January 2020.\n\nSubmitted - Wu_et_al_2019_IMT_theory.pdf
", "abstract": "Mentalizing, conventionally defined as the process in which we infer the inner thoughts and intentions of others, is a fundamental component of human social cognition. Yet its role, and the nuanced layers involved, in real world social interaction are rarely discussed. To account for this lack of theory, we propose the interactive mentalizing theory (IMT) which emphasize the role of the metacognition in different mentalizing components. We discuss the connection between mentalizing, metacognition, and social interaction in the context of four elements of mentalizing: (i) Metacognition - inference of our own thought processes and social cognitions and which is central to all other components of mentalizing including: (ii) first-order mentalizing \u2013 inferring the thoughts and intentions of an agent's mind; (iii) personal second-order mentalizing - inference of other's mentalizing of one's own mind; (iv) Collective mentalizing: which takes at least two forms (a) vicarious mentalizing: adopting another's mentalizing of an agent (i.e. what we think others think of an agent) and (b) co-mentalizing: mentalizing about an agent in conjunction with others' mentalizing of that agent (i.e. conforming to others beliefs about another agent's internal states). The weights of these four elements is determined by metacognitive insight and confidence in one's own or another's mentalizing ability, yielding a dynamic interaction between these circuits. To advance our knowledge on mentalizing during live social interaction, we identify how these subprocesses can be organized by different target agents and facilitated by combining computational modeling and interactive brain approaches.", "date": "2020-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Cortex", "volume": "126", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "242-252", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200128-155728863", "issn": "0010-9452", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200128-155728863", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/j.cortex.2019.12.031", "pmcid": "PMC7739946", "primary_object": { "basename": "Wu_et_al_2019_IMT_theory.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5w25g-wbm94/files/Wu_et_al_2019_IMT_theory.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Wu, Haiyan; Liu, Xun; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/71zw8-wk483", "eprint_id": 102979, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:53:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 00:40:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Van-Bavel-Jay-J", "name": { "family": "Van Bavel", "given": "Jay J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2520-0442" }, { "name": { "family": "Baicker", "given": "Katherine" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5960-3058" }, { "name": { "family": "Boggio", "given": "Paulo S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6109-0447" }, { "name": { "family": "Capraro", "given": "Valerio" } }, { "name": { "family": "Cichocka", "given": "Aleksandra" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1703-1586" }, { "name": { "family": "Cikara", "given": "Mina" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6612-4474" }, { "name": { "family": "Crockett", "given": "Molly J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8800-410X" }, { "name": { "family": "Crum", "given": "Alia J." } }, { "name": { "family": "Douglas", "given": "Karen M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0381-6924" }, { "name": { "family": "Druckman", "given": "James N." } }, { "name": { "family": "Drury", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7748-5128" }, { "name": { "family": "Dube", "given": "Oeindrila" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ellemers", "given": "Naomi" } }, { "name": { "family": "Finkel", "given": "Eli J." } }, { "name": { "family": "Fowler", "given": "James H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7795-1638" }, { "name": { "family": "Gelfand", "given": "Michele" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9780-9230" }, { "name": { "family": "Han", "given": "Shihui" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3350-5104" }, { "name": { "family": "Haslam", "given": "S. Alexander" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9523-7921" }, { "name": { "family": "Jetten", "given": "Jolanda" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7588-5355" }, { "name": { "family": "Kitayama", "given": "Shinobu" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9147-7936" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "name": { "family": "Napper", "given": "Lucy E." } }, { "name": { "family": "Packer", "given": "Dominic J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8420-6548" }, { "name": { "family": "Pennycook", "given": "Gordon" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-6143" }, { "name": { "family": "Peters", "given": "Ellen" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0702-6169" }, { "name": { "family": "Petty", "given": "Richard E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2870-8575" }, { "name": { "family": "Rand", "given": "David G." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8975-2783" }, { "name": { "family": "Reicher", "given": "Stephen D." } }, { "name": { "family": "Schnall", "given": "Simone" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4672-7534" }, { "name": { "family": "Shariff", "given": "Azim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4444-460X" }, { "name": { "family": "Skitka", "given": "Linda J." } }, { "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "Sandra Susan" } }, { "name": { "family": "Sunstein", "given": "Cass R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4194-3008" }, { "name": { "family": "Tabri", "given": "Nassim" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7085-9350" }, { "name": { "family": "Tucker", "given": "Joshua A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1321-8650" }, { "name": { "family": "van der Linden", "given": "Sander" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0269-1744" }, { "name": { "family": "van Lange", "given": "Paul" } }, { "name": { "family": "Weeden", "given": "Kim A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9975-8457" }, { "name": { "family": "Wohl", "given": "Michael J. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6945-5562" }, { "name": { "family": "Zaki", "given": "Jamil" } }, { "name": { "family": "Zion", "given": "Sean R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0802-2066" }, { "name": { "family": "Willer", "given": "Robb" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3404-6472" } ] }, "title": "Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Human behaviour; Immunology; Sociology", "note": "\u00a9 2020 Springer Nature Limited. \n\nReceived 24 March 2020; Accepted 09 April 2020; Published 30 April 2020. \n\nAuthor Contributions: The corresponding authors (J.V.B and R.W.) came up with the idea for the paper, invited authors to collaborate, and wrote and edited the manuscript. All other contributing authors (K.B., P.S.B., V.C., A.C., M.C., M.J.C, A.J.C., K.M.D., J.N.D., J.D., O.D., N.E., E.J.F., J.H.F., M.G., S.H., S.A.H., J.J., S.K., D.M., K.E.N., D.J.P., G.P., E.P., R.E.P., D.G.R., S.D.R., S.S., A.S., L.J.S., S.S.S., C.R.S., N.T., J.A.T., S.V.L., P.A.M.V.L., K.A.W., M.J.A.W., J.Z. and S.R.Z.) wrote and edited the paper and are listed in alphabetical order. We thank J. Rothschild for his help in inserting citations and organizing the list of biographical references. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\n\nSubmitted - 2020-COVID-Manuscript-FINAL.docx
", "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive global health crisis. Because the crisis requires large-scale behaviour change and places significant psychological burdens on individuals, insights from the social and behavioural sciences can be used to help align human behaviour with the recommendations of epidemiologists and public health experts. Here we discuss evidence from a selection of research topics relevant to pandemics, including work on navigating threats, social and cultural influences on behaviour, science communication, moral decision-making, leadership, and stress and coping. In each section, we note the nature and quality of prior research, including uncertainty and unsettled issues. We identify several insights for effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight important gaps researchers should move quickly to fill in the coming weeks and months.", "date": "2020-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Human Behaviour", "volume": "4", "number": "5", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "pagerange": "460-471", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200504-130436917", "issn": "2397-3374", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200504-130436917", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "COVID-19" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41562-020-0884-z", "primary_object": { "basename": "2020-COVID-Manuscript-FINAL.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/71zw8-wk483/files/2020-COVID-Manuscript-FINAL.docx" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Van Bavel, Jay J.; Baicker, Katherine; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/crw7k-3ds93", "eprint_id": 101095, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:10:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:26:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Headley-D-B", "name": { "family": "Headley", "given": "Drew B." } }, { "id": "Ding-Weilun", "name": { "family": "Ding", "given": "Weilun" } }, { "id": "Dayan-P", "name": { "family": "Dayan", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3476-1839" } ] }, "title": "Space, Time, and Fear: Survival Computations along Defensive Circuits", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAvailable online 3 February 2020. \n\nThis work was supported by US National Institute of Mental Health grant 2P50MH094258 and a Chen Institute Award (P2026052) (to D.M.) and the Max Planck Society and the Humboldt Foundation (to P.D.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the authors' funders.", "abstract": "Naturalistic observations show that decisions to avoid or escape predators occur at different spatiotemporal scales and that they are supported by different computations and neural circuits. At their extremes, proximal threats are addressed by a limited repertoire of reflexive and myopic actions, reflecting reduced decision and state spaces and model-free (MF) architectures. Conversely, distal threats allow increased information processing supported by model-based (MB) operations, including affective prospection, replay, and planning. However, MF and MB computations are often intertwined, and under conditions of safety the foundations for future effective reactive execution can be laid through MB instruction of MF control. Together, these computations are associated with distinct population codes embedded within a distributed defensive circuitry whose goal is to determine and realize the best policy.", "date": "2020-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "volume": "24", "number": "3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "228-241", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200204-073015965", "issn": "1364-6613", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200204-073015965", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" }, { "agency": "Max-Planck-Society" }, { "agency": "Alexander von Humboldt Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.tics.2019.12.016", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Headley, Drew B.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/64ajn-p3g71", "eprint_id": 100137, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 03:27:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:07:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zheng-Liling", "name": { "family": "Zheng", "given": "Liling" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Yu-Rongjun", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Rongjun" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0123-1524" } ] }, "title": "The behavioral and neural basis of foreign language effect on risk-taking", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Bilingualism; Foreign language; Decision making; Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); Emotion", "note": "\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nReceived 6 August 2019, Revised 3 November 2019, Accepted 29 November 2019, Available online 30 November 2019. \n\nCRediT authorship contribution statement: Liling Zheng: Data curation, Writing - original draft. Dean Mobbs: Writing - review & editing. Rongjun Yu: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing - review & editing. \n\nDeclaration of competing interest: None.\n\nSupplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0028393219303318-mmc1.xml
", "abstract": "Recent studies show that people exhibit a reduced decision bias in a foreign language relative to their native language. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with an even-probability gambling task in which gambling feedback was presented in either a native language or a foreign language after each decision, we assessed the neural correlates of language modulated behavioral changes in decision making. In both foreign and native language contexts, participants showed a behavioral pattern resembles the Gambler's fallacy that losing a gamble leads to more betting than winning a gamble. While there was no language difference in gambling, bilateral caudate and amygdala gain signals were exaggerated by foreign language in relative to native language, suggesting that foreign language enhanced neural responses to rewards. Moreover, the individual difference in foreign language-induced Gambler's fallacy-like decision bias was associated with activation in the right amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, as well as functional connectivity between right amygdala and right putamen/right posterior insula. Our results confirm that outcome processing in emotion-related regions may underlie individual differences in foreign language effects in judgment and decision making.", "date": "2020-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Neuropsychologia", "volume": "136", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "Art. No. 107290", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20191202-105745663", "issn": "0028-3932", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191202-105745663", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107290", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0028393219303318-mmc1.xml", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/64ajn-p3g71/files/1-s2.0-S0028393219303318-mmc1.xml" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Zheng, Liling; Mobbs, Dean; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c8m7e-n8x75", "eprint_id": 97316, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:09:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:11:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Adolphs-R", "name": { "family": "Adolphs", "given": "Ralph" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8053-9692" }, { "id": "Fanselow-M-S", "name": { "family": "Fanselow", "given": "Michael S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3850-5966" }, { "id": "Feldman-Barrett-L", "name": { "family": "Feldman Barrett", "given": "Lisa" } }, { "id": "LeDoux-J-E", "name": { "family": "LeDoux", "given": "Joseph E." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8518-132X" }, { "id": "Ressler-K", "name": { "family": "Ressler", "given": "Kerry" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5158-1103" }, { "id": "Tye-K-M", "name": { "family": "Tye", "given": "Kay M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2435-0182" } ] }, "title": "Viewpoints: Approaches to defining and investigating fear", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Amygdala; Psychology", "note": "\u00a9 2019 Springer Nature Publishing AG. \n\nPublished 22 July 2019. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\n\nAccepted Version - nihms-1064076.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41593_2019_456_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
", "abstract": "There is disagreement on how best to define and investigate fear. Nature Neuroscience asked Dean Mobbs to lead experts from the fields of human and animal affective neuroscience to discuss their viewpoints on how to define fear and how to move forward with the study of fear.", "date": "2019-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Neuroscience", "volume": "22", "number": "8", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "1205-1216", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190722-100559666", "issn": "1097-6256", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190722-100559666", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1038/s41593-019-0456-6", "pmcid": "PMC6943931", "primary_object": { "basename": "nihms-1064076.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c8m7e-n8x75/files/nihms-1064076.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "41593_2019_456_MOESM1_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c8m7e-n8x75/files/41593_2019_456_MOESM1_ESM.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Adolphs, Ralph; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6t188-cbf15", "eprint_id": 93971, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:27:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:02:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Fung-Bowen-J", "name": { "family": "Fung", "given": "Bowen J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9177-6725" }, { "id": "Qi-Song", "name": { "family": "Qi", "given": "Song" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5886-849X" }, { "id": "Hassabis-Demis", "name": { "family": "Hassabis", "given": "Demis" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2812-9917" }, { "id": "Daw-Nathaniel-D", "name": { "family": "Daw", "given": "Nathaniel" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Slow escape decisions are swayed by trait anxiety", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. \n\nReceived 29 May 2018; Accepted 25 March 2019; Published 20 May 2019. \n\nData availability: Behavioural data can be found on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/c4qbr/). fMRI data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. \n\nCode availability: Code for all behavioural analyses can be found on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/c4qbr/). fMRI analysis code is available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (grant 2P50MH094258 to D.M.) and funds from the Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute (P2026052 to D.M.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. \n\nAuthor Contributions: S.Q., D.H., N.D. and D.M. contributed to the conception and design of the experiment. S.Q. conducted the experiment and collected the data. S.Q. and B.J.F. analysed the data. B.J.F., S.Q. and D.M. drafted the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript and gave final approval for publication. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests.\n\nAccepted Version - nihms-1065536.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41562_2019_595_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41562_2019_595_MOESM2_ESM.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41562_2019_595_MOESM3_ESM.txt
", "abstract": "Theoretical models distinguish between neural responses elicited by distal threats and those evoked by more immediate threats. Specifically, slower 'cognitive' fear responses towards distal threats involve a network of brain regions including the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), while immediate 'reactive' fear responses rely on regions such as the periaqueductal grey. However, it is unclear how anxiety and its neural substrates relate to these distinct defensive survival circuits. We tested whether individual differences in trait anxiety would impact escape behaviour and neural responses to slow and fast attacking predators: conditions designed to evoke cognitive and reactive fear, respectively. Behaviourally, we found that trait anxiety was not related to escape decisions for fast threats, but individuals with higher trait anxiety escaped earlier during slow threats. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that when subjects faced slow threats, trait anxiety positively correlated with activity in the vHPC, mPFC, amygdala and insula. Furthermore, the strength of functional coupling between two components of the cognitive circuit\u2014the vHPC and mPFC\u2014was correlated with the degree of trait anxiety. This suggests that anxiety predominantly affects cognitive fear circuits that are involved in volitional strategic escape.", "date": "2019-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature: Human Behaviour", "volume": "3", "number": "7", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "pagerange": "702-708", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190319-112541972", "issn": "2397-3374", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190319-112541972", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41562-019-0595-5", "pmcid": "PMC7755102", "primary_object": { "basename": "41562_2019_595_MOESM1_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6t188-cbf15/files/41562_2019_595_MOESM1_ESM.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "41562_2019_595_MOESM2_ESM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6t188-cbf15/files/41562_2019_595_MOESM2_ESM.pdf" }, { "basename": "41562_2019_595_MOESM3_ESM.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6t188-cbf15/files/41562_2019_595_MOESM3_ESM.txt" }, { "basename": "nihms-1065536.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6t188-cbf15/files/nihms-1065536.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Fung, Bowen J.; Qi, Song; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fx9xj-v1837", "eprint_id": 91964, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:08:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 23:52:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Silston-Brian", "name": { "family": "Silston", "given": "Brian" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3365-0013" }, { "id": "Bassett-Danielle-S", "name": { "family": "Bassett", "given": "Danielle S." } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "How Dynamic Brain Networks Tune Social Behavior in Real Time", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "dynamic-integration theory, adaptive flexibility, temporal dynamics, social interaction, prediction", "note": "\u00a9 2019 by SAGE Publications. \n\nArticle first published online: October 30, 2018; Issue published: December 1, 2018. \n\nThe author(s) declared that there were no conflicts of interest with respect to the authorship or the publication of this article.\n\nAccepted Version - nihms-1002923.pdf
", "abstract": "During social interaction, the brain has the enormous task of interpreting signals that are fleeting, subtle, contextual, abstract, and often ambiguous. Despite the signal complexity, the human brain has evolved to be highly successful in the social landscape. Here, we propose that the human brain makes sense of noisy dynamic signals through accumulation, integration, and prediction, resulting in a coherent representation of the social world. We propose that successful social interaction is critically dependent on a core set of highly connected hubs that dynamically accumulate and integrate complex social information and, in doing so, facilitate social tuning during moment-to-moment social discourse. Successful interactions, therefore, require adaptive flexibility generated by neural circuits composed of highly integrated hubs that coordinate context-appropriate responses. Adaptive properties of the neural substrate, including predictive and adaptive coding, and neural reuse, along with perceptual, inferential, and motivational inputs, provide the ingredients for pliable, hierarchical predictive models that guide our social interactions.", "date": "2018-12-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Current Directions in Psychological Science", "volume": "27", "number": "6", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "pagerange": "413-421", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190102-084504270", "issn": "0963-7214", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190102-084504270", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1177/0963721418773362", "pmcid": "PMC6715321", "primary_object": { "basename": "nihms-1002923.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fx9xj-v1837/files/nihms-1002923.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Silston, Brian; Bassett, Danielle S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n1bnm-zkc10", "eprint_id": 90425, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:58:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 23:26:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "LeDoux-J", "name": { "family": "LeDoux", "given": "Joseph" } } ] }, "title": "Editorial overview: Survival behaviors and circuits", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAvailable online 26 October 2018.", "abstract": "Dean Mobbs is an assistant professor in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences and a member of the Computation and Neural Systems Program at the Californian Institute of Technology. He received his PhD from University College, London in 2008 and was a post-doctoral fellow at the Medical Research Council's Cognition and Brain Science Unit, University of Cambridge. He is interested in the intersection of behavioral ecology, economics, emotion, and social psychology. By understanding the neural, computational and behavioral dynamics of human social and emotional experiences, his aims are to develop theoretical models that merge these fields. His awards include the APS Janet Spence Award for Transformative Early Career Contributions and a NARSAD Young Investigator Award. He is a life fellow of Clare Hall at the University of Cambridge. His research is supported by NIMH, the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation and the Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Foundation. More details can be found here: www.deanmobbslab.com.", "date": "2018-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences", "volume": "24", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "168-171", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20181026-090750215", "issn": "2352-1546", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181026-090750215", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.10.004", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean and LeDoux, Joseph" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ryqry-z8y59", "eprint_id": 85455, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:53:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:14:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "The ethological deconstruction of fear(s)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAvailable online 20 March 2018. \n\nI wish to thank Ralph Adolphs and Joe LeDoux for their advice. This paper was supported by a grant from the NARSAD, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) grant 2P50MH094258, and Chen Institute Award (P2026052) grants to DM. \n\nConflict of interest statement: Nothing declared.\n\nAccepted Version - nihms-1002939.pdf
", "abstract": "The natural world presents a myriad of dangers that can threaten an organism's survival. This diversity of threats is matched by a set of universal and species specific defensive behaviors which are often subsumed under the emotions of fear and anxiety. A major issue in the field of affective science, however, is that these emotions are often conflated and scientists fail to reflect the ecological conditions that gave rise to them. I attempt to clarify these semantic issues by describing the link between ethologically defined defensive strategies and fear. This in turn, provides a clearer differentiation between fears, the contexts that evoke them and how they are organized within defensive survival circuits.", "date": "2018-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences", "volume": "24", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "32-37", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180327-110701394", "issn": "2352-1546", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180327-110701394", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Brain and Behavior Research Foundation" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.02.008", "pmcid": "PMC6715320", "primary_object": { "basename": "nihms-1002939.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ryqry-z8y59/files/nihms-1002939.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wm0mr-94j22", "eprint_id": 85108, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:00:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:47:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yao-Shuxia", "name": { "family": "Yao", "given": "Shuxia" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5259-6374" }, { "id": "Qi-Song", "name": { "family": "Qi", "given": "Song" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5886-849X" }, { "id": "Kendrick-Keith-M", "name": { "family": "Kendrick", "given": "Keith M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0371-5904" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Attentional set to safety recruits the ventral medial prefrontal cortex", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Received 14 March 2018; Accepted 04 October 2018; Published 18 October 2018. Data Availability: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant number 31700998) to Shuxia Yao, a NSFC grant (grant number 31530032) to Keith Kendrick and a grant from NARSAD to Dean Mobbs. Author Contributions: S.Y., D.M. and K.M.K. designed the study and wrote the manuscript. S.Y. and S.Q. collected the data. S.Y. and D.M. analyzed the data. All authors contributed to and have approved the final version of the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests.\n\nPublished - s41598-018-33953-3.pdf
Submitted - 249326.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41598_2018_33953_MOESM1_ESM.docx
", "abstract": "Early detection of danger is highly adaptive, yet fast orientation towards safety is also key to survival. This study aimed to explore how human brain searches for safety by manipulating subjects' attentional set. Subjects were asked to judge random dots motion (RDM) direction and could be shocked for incorrect responses (RDM trials) while keeping alert in detecting shock probability cues (cue detection trials). Relative to safe condition, where attention was set to search cues associated with no shock, incorrect responses to 'dangerous+' cues would increase and correct responses to 'dangerous\u2212' cues would decrease shock probability. In RDM trials, relative to the 'dangerous+', the safe and 'dangerous\u2212' attentional set induced stronger activation in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a core region involved in flexible threat assessment and safety signalling. In cue detection trials, shorter response times and greater accuracy were observed for 'dangerous+' than 'dangerous\u2212' and safe cues. At neural level 'dangerous+' cues induced stronger activity in the frontoparietal attention network than safe cues. Overall, our findings demonstrate that attentional set for searching safety recruits the vmPFC, while detection of threat-related cues elicits activity in the frontoparietal attention network, suggesting new roles for these regions in human defensive survival circuitry.", "date": "2018-10-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Scientific Reports", "volume": "8", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "Art. No. 15395", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-144815407", "issn": "2045-2322", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-144815407", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "31700998" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "31530032" }, { "agency": "National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-33953-3", "pmcid": "PMC6193957", "primary_object": { "basename": "249326.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wm0mr-94j22/files/249326.full.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "41598_2018_33953_MOESM1_ESM.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wm0mr-94j22/files/41598_2018_33953_MOESM1_ESM.docx" }, { "basename": "s41598-018-33953-3.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wm0mr-94j22/files/s41598-018-33953-3.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Yao, Shuxia; Qi, Song; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nqsb0-5r396", "eprint_id": 87874, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:24:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:30:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Feng-Chunliang", "name": { "family": "Feng", "given": "Chunliang" } }, { "id": "Cao-Jianqin", "name": { "family": "Cao", "given": "Jianqin" } }, { "id": "Li-Yingli", "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Yingli" } }, { "id": "Wu-Haiyan", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Haiyan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8869-6636" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "The pursuit of social acceptance: Aberrant conformity in social anxiety disorder", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "social anxiety disorder, social conformity, event-related potential, N400, kindness, social acceptance", "note": "\u00a9 The Author(s) (2018). Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits noncommercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nReceived: 19 March 2018. Revision Received: 29 May 2018. Accepted: 28 June 2018. Published: 06 July 2018. \n\nThe author would like to thank Erik C. Nook for sharing their conformity paradigm. \n\nWe acknowledge the funding from CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science (Y5CX052003), Institute of Psychology, National Natural Science Foundation of China (31400963 and U1736125) to H.W.; the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX201600019), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2017M610055), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31500920) to C.F. \n\nConflict of interest. None declared.\n\nPublished - nsy052.pdf
", "abstract": "The defining pathological features of social anxiety disorder primarily concern the social landscape, yet few empirical studies have examined the potentially aberrant behavioral and neural patterns in this population using socially interactive paradigms. We addressed this issue by investigating the behavioral and neural patterns associated with social conformity in patients with social anxiety disorder. We recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) when healthy subjects (n\u2009=\u200919), and patients with social anxiety disorder (n\u2009=\u200920) made attractiveness judgements of unfamiliar others, while at the same time, being exposed to congruent/incongruent peer ratings. Afterwards, participants were asked to rerate the same faces without the presence of peer ratings. Compared to healthy controls, social anxiety disorder patients exhibited more positive attitudes to unfamiliar others and conformed more with peers-higher feedback. These behavioral effects were in parallel with neural responses associated with social conflict in the N400 signal, showing higher conformity to peers-higher feedback compared to peers-lower or peers-agree feedback among social anxiety disorder patients. Our findings provide evidence on the behavioral and neural patterns of social anxiety disorder during social interactions, and support the hypothesis that individuals with social anxiety disorder are more motivated to pursue social acceptance and possibly avoid social rejection.", "date": "2018-09-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience", "volume": "13", "number": "8", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "809-817", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180716-103227541", "issn": "1749-5016", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180716-103227541", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Chinese Academy of Sciences", "grant_number": "Y5CX052003" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "31400963" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "U1736125" }, { "agency": "National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents", "grant_number": "BX201600019" }, { "agency": "China Postdoctoral Science Foundation", "grant_number": "2017M610055" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "31500920" } ] }, "doi": "10.1093/scan/nsy052", "pmcid": "PMC6123523", "primary_object": { "basename": "nsy052.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nqsb0-5r396/files/nsy052.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Feng, Chunliang; Cao, Jianqin; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8bk1s-ghw97", "eprint_id": 86363, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:59:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:31:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Trimmer-P-C", "name": { "family": "Trimmer", "given": "Pete C." } }, { "id": "Blumstein-D-T", "name": { "family": "Blumstein", "given": "Daniel T." } }, { "id": "Dayan-P", "name": { "family": "Dayan", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3476-1839" } ] }, "title": "Foraging for foundations in decision neuroscience: insights from ethology", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. \n\nPublished: 11 May 2018. \n\nThe authors thank T. Akam and the reviewers for their very stimulating comments. This work was supported by US National Institute of Mental Health grant 2P50MH094258 and a Chen Institute Award (P2026052) (support to D.M.), the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (support to P.D.) and the US National Science Foundation (support to D.T.B. and P.C.T.; P.C.T. was supported by an Integrative Organismal System grant (1456724) to A. Sih). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the authors' funders. \n\nAuthor Contributions: D.M., P.C.T., D.T.B. and P.D. researched data for the article, made substantial contributions to discussions of the content, wrote the article and reviewed and/or edited the manuscript before submission.\n\nAccepted Version - nihms-1002922.pdf
", "abstract": "Modern decision neuroscience offers a powerful and broad account of human behaviour using computational techniques that link psychological and neuroscientific approaches to the ways that individuals can generate near-optimal choices in complex controlled environments. However, until recently, relatively little attention has been paid to the extent to which the structure of experimental environments relates to natural scenarios, and the survival problems that individuals have evolved to solve. This situation not only risks leaving decision-theoretic accounts ungrounded but also makes various aspects of the solutions, such as hard-wired or Pavlovian policies, difficult to interpret in the natural world. Here, we suggest importing concepts, paradigms and approaches from the fields of ethology and behavioural ecology, which concentrate on the contextual and functional correlates of decisions made about foraging and escape and address these lacunae.", "date": "2018-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Reviews Neuroscience", "volume": "19", "number": "7", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "419-427", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180511-100334323", "issn": "1471-003X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180511-100334323", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)" }, { "agency": "Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Neuroscience", "grant_number": "P2026052" }, { "agency": "Gatsby Charitable Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "IOS-1456724" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41583-018-0010-7", "pmcid": "PMC6786488", "primary_object": { "basename": "nihms-1002922.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8bk1s-ghw97/files/nihms-1002922.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Trimmer, Pete C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jd00n-gvn45", "eprint_id": 85748, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:24:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:44:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Silston-B", "name": { "family": "Silston", "given": "Brian" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Detecting and Responding to Threats in the Natural World", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Taylor & Francis. \n\nPublished online: 21 Mar 2018.", "abstract": "Organisms that evolved nervous systems that predict, detect, and assess ecological dangers are at a distinct survival advantage compared to those with less sophisticated neural machinery. The strategies generated and honed by adaptive survival circuits in humans, which we call the survival optimization system (SOS), are controlled by both conscious and implicit systems.", "date": "2018-03-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Psychological Inquiry", "volume": "29", "number": "1", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "28-31", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180411-113111680", "issn": "1047-840X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180411-113111680", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/1047840X.2018.1435708", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Silston, Brian and Mobbs, Dean" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gbgjn-c2x63", "eprint_id": 85123, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:59:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:54:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Qi-Song", "name": { "family": "Qi", "given": "Song" } }, { "id": "Hassabis-D", "name": { "family": "Hassabis", "given": "Demis" } }, { "id": "Sun-Jiayin", "name": { "family": "Sun", "given": "Jiayin" } }, { "id": "Guo-Fangjian", "name": { "family": "Guo", "given": "Fangjian" } }, { "id": "Daw-N", "name": { "family": "Daw", "given": "Nathaniel" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "How cognitive and reactive fear circuits optimize escape decisions in humans", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "fear; anxiety; escape; ecology; decision making", "note": "\u00a9 2018 National Academy of Sciences. Published under the PNAS license. \n\nEdited by Michael S. Gazzaniga, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, and approved February 8, 2018 (received for review September 6, 2017). Published ahead of print March 5, 2018. \n\nWe thank John O'Doherty, Peter Dayan, Alex Shackman, James Curley, and Joe LeDoux for their advice and Nir Jacoby for his work on an earlier version of the paradigm. This study was supported by a grant from National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (to D.M.). \n\nAuthor contributions: S.Q., D.H., J.S., N.D., and D.M. designed research; S.Q. performed research; S.Q., F.G., N.D., and D.M. analyzed data; and S.Q., D.H., F.G., N.D., and D.M. wrote the paper. \n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest. \n\nThis article is a PNAS Direct Submission. \n\nThis article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1712314115/-/DCSupplemental.\n\nPublished - 3186.full.pdf
Submitted - 207936.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - pnas.1712314115.sapp.pdf
", "abstract": "Flight initiation distance (FID), the distance at which an organism flees from an approaching threat, is an ecological metric of cost\u2013benefit functions of escape decisions. We adapted the FID paradigm to investigate how fast- or slow-attacking \"virtual predators\" constrain escape decisions. We show that rapid escape decisions rely on \"reactive fear\" circuits in the periaqueductal gray and midcingulate cortex (MCC), while protracted escape decisions, defined by larger buffer zones, were associated with \"cognitive fear\" circuits, which include posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, circuits implicated in more complex information processing, cognitive avoidance strategies, and behavioral flexibility. Using a Bayesian decision-making model, we further show that optimization of escape decisions under rapid flight were localized to the MCC, a region involved in adaptive motor control, while the hippocampus is implicated in optimizing decisions that update and control slower escape initiation. These results demonstrate an unexplored link between defensive survival circuits and their role in adaptive escape decisions.", "date": "2018-03-20", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "115", "number": "12", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "3186-3191", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-081009894", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-081009894", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Tianqiao-and-Chrissy-Chen-Institute-for-Neuroscience" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1712314115", "pmcid": "PMC5866541", "primary_object": { "basename": "207936.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gbgjn-c2x63/files/207936.full.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "3186.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gbgjn-c2x63/files/3186.full.pdf" }, { "basename": "pnas.1712314115.sapp.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gbgjn-c2x63/files/pnas.1712314115.sapp.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Qi, Song; Hassabis, Demis; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rp269-n0d26", "eprint_id": 84677, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:48:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 16:36:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Qi-Song", "name": { "family": "Qi", "given": "Song" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5886-849X" }, { "id": "Footer-Owen", "name": { "family": "Footer", "given": "Owen" } }, { "id": "Camerer-C-F", "name": { "family": "Camerer", "given": "Colin" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4049-1871" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "A collaborator's reputation can bias decisions and anxiety under uncertainty", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "anxiety; conformity; decision; fMRI; pain; reputation", "note": "\u00a9 2018 The Authors. For the first six months after publication SfN's license will be exclusive. Beginning six months after publication the Work will be made freely available to the public on SfN's website to copy, distribute, or display under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). \n\nReceived Aug. 17, 2017; revised Dec. 4, 2017; accepted Jan. 13, 2018. \n\nAuthor contributions: D.M. and O.F. designed research; O.F. performed research; S.Q. and O.F. analyzed data; D.M., C.C., S.Q., and O.F. wrote the paper. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Grant 2P50MH094258 (D.M. and C.F.C.), and startup funds from Columbia University. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interests.\n\nPublished - 2262.full.pdf
", "abstract": "Informational social influence theory posits that under conditions of uncertainty, we are inclined to look to others for advice. This leaves us remarkably vulnerable to being influenced by other's opinions or advice. Rational agents, however, do not blindly seek and act on arbitrary information, but often consider the quality of its source before committing to a course of action. Here, we ask the question of whether a collaborator's reputation can increase their social influence and, in turn bias perception and anxiety under changing levels of uncertainty. Human male and female participants were asked to provide estimations of dot direction using the random dot motion (RDM) perceptual discrimination task and paired with transient collaborators of high or low reputation whom provided their own estimations. The RDM varied in degrees of uncertainty and joint performance accuracy was linked to risk of an electric shock. Despite providing identical information, we show that collaborating with a high reputation compared to a low reputation partner, led to significantly more conformity during the RDM task for uncertain perceptual decisions. Consequently, high reputation partners decreased the subjects' anxiety during the anticipatory shock periods. fMRI data showed that parametric changes in conformity resulted in increased activity in the ventromedial PFC, while dissent was associated with increased in activity the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Furthermore, the dACC and insula, regions involved in anticipatory pain were significantly more active when collaborating with a low reputation partner. These results suggest that information about reputation can influence both cognitive and affective processes and in turn alter the neural circuits that underlie decision-making and emotion.", "date": "2018-02-28", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Neuroscience", "volume": "38", "number": "9", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "pagerange": "2262-2269", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180205-133528920", "issn": "0270-6474", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180205-133528920", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "2P50MH094258" }, { "agency": "Columbia University" }, { "agency": "National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2337-17.2018", "pmcid": "PMC5830514", "primary_object": { "basename": "2262.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rp269-n0d26/files/2262.full.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Qi, Song; Footer, Owen; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7rxa0-cs684", "eprint_id": 73518, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:39:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:25:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pr\u00e9vost-Charlotte", "name": { "family": "Pr\u00e9vost", "given": "Charlotte" } }, { "id": "Lau-Hakwan-C", "name": { "family": "Lau", "given": "Hakwan" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "How the Brain Converts Negative Evaluation into Performance Facilitation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Decision-making, neuroimaging, performance, psychological reactance", "note": "\u00a9 2017 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. \n\nReceived: 17 October 2014; Revision Received: 05 October 2016; Published: 05 January 2017. \n\nThis work was supported by a start-up grant to Dean Mobbs. \n\nWe thank Nambirajan Srinivasan for assistance in recruiting and running participants. The authors declare no competing financial interests. This paper is dedicated to the memory of our dear friend Dr Charlotte Prevost who passed away after a courageous battle with a terrible illness in March of 2016. \n\nConflict of Interest: None declared.", "abstract": "Surpassing negative evaluation is a recurrent theme of success stories. Yet, there is little evidence supporting the counterintuitive idea that negative evaluation might not only motivate people, but also enhance performance. To address this question, we designed a task that required participants to decide whether taking up a risky challenge after receiving positive or negative evaluations from independent judges. Participants believed that these evaluations were based on their prior performance on a related task. Results showed that negative evaluation caused a facilitation in performance. Concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the motivating effect of negative evaluation was represented in the insula and striatum, while the performance boost was associated with functional positive connectivity between the insula and a set of brain regions involved in goal-directed behavior and the orienting of attention. These findings provide new insight into the neural representation of negative evaluation-induced facilitation.", "date": "2018-02-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Cerebral Cortex", "volume": "28", "number": "2", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "602-611", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170117-095342295", "issn": "1047-3211", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170117-095342295", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1093/cercor/bhw400", "pmcid": "PMC6676962", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Pr\u00e9vost, Charlotte; Lau, Hakwan; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3mv98-w2x42", "eprint_id": 79838, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:19:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 17:22:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Shu-Jocelyn", "name": { "family": "Shu", "given": "Jocelyn" } }, { "id": "Hassell-S", "name": { "family": "Hassell", "given": "Samuel" } }, { "id": "Weber-J", "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Jochen" } }, { "id": "Ochsner-K-N", "name": { "family": "Ochsner", "given": "Kevin N." } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "The role of empathy in experiencing vicarious anxiety", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 American Psychological Association.", "abstract": "With depictions of others facing threats common in the media, the experience of vicarious anxiety may be prevalent in the general population. However, the phenomenon of vicarious anxiety\u2014the experience of anxiety in response to observing others expressing anxiety\u2014and the interpersonal mechanisms underlying it have not been fully investigated in prior research. In 4 studies, we investigate the role of empathy in experiencing vicarious anxiety, using film clips depicting target victims facing threats. In Studies 1 and 2, trait emotional empathy was associated with greater self-reported anxiety when observing target victims, and with perceiving greater anxiety to be experienced by the targets. Study 3 extended these findings by demonstrating that trait empathic concern\u2014the tendency to feel concern and compassion for others\u2014was associated with experiencing vicarious anxiety, whereas trait personal distress\u2014the tendency to experience distress in stressful situations\u2014was not. Study 4 manipulated state empathy to establish a causal relationship between empathy and experience of vicarious anxiety. Participants who took an empathic perspective when observing target victims, as compared to those who took an objective perspective using reappraisal-based strategies, reported experiencing greater anxiety, risk-aversion, and sleep disruption the following night. These results highlight the impact of one's social environment on experiencing anxiety, particularly for those who are highly empathic. In addition, these findings have implications for extending basic models of anxiety to incorporate interpersonal processes, understanding the role of empathy in social learning, and potential applications for therapeutic contexts.", "date": "2017-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Experimental Psychology: General", "volume": "146", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Psychological Association", "pagerange": "1164-1188", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170807-084553785", "issn": "0096-3445", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170807-084553785", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1037/xge0000335", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Shu, Jocelyn; Hassell, Samuel; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s3rf9-vky33", "eprint_id": 74244, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:27:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:15:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Dalgleish-Tim", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7304-2231" }, { "id": "Walsh-Nicholas-D", "name": { "family": "Walsh", "given": "Nicholas D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8195-7933" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Schweizer-Susanne", "name": { "family": "Schweizer", "given": "Susanne" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6153-8291" }, { "id": "van-Harmelen-Anne-Laura", "name": { "family": "van Harmelen", "given": "Anne-Laura" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1108-2921" }, { "id": "Dunn-Barnaby-D", "name": { "family": "Dunn", "given": "Barnaby" } }, { "id": "Dunn-Valerie", "name": { "family": "Dunn", "given": "Valerie" } }, { "id": "Goodyer-Ian-M", "name": { "family": "Goodyer", "given": "Ian" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9183-0373" }, { "id": "Stretton-Jason", "name": { "family": "Stretton", "given": "Jason" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9819-4733" } ] }, "title": "Social pain and social gain in the adolescent brain: A common neural circuitry underlying both positive and negative social evaluation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 The Authors. Creative CommonsThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ \n\nreceived: 14 February 2016. accepted: 06 January 2017. Published: 07 February 2017. \n\nThe authors gratefully thank colleagues at the Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge for help during this work. This work was supported by grants from Friends of Peterhouse Medical Fund Cambridge (RG 51114), the Wellcome Trust (RG 074296), and the UK Medical Research Council (MC US A060 0019). \n\nTim Dalgleish & Nicholas D. Walsh: These authors contributed equally to this work. \n\nAuthor Contributions: T.D., N.W., D.M., and I.G. were involved in study design and concept. B.D., V.D., N.W. and S.S. collected the data. N.W. and J.S. analyzed the data. T.D., N.W., D.M., I.G., A.v.H., S.S. and J.S. wrote the paper. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interests. \n\nPublisher's note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.\n\nPublished - srep42010.pdf
Supplemental Material - srep42010-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "Social interaction inherently involves the subjective evaluation of cues salient to social inclusion and exclusion. Testifying to the importance of such social cues, parts of the neural system dedicated to the detection of physical pain, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula (AI), have been shown to be equally sensitive to the detection of social pain experienced after social exclusion. However, recent work suggests that this dACC-AI matrix may index any socially pertinent information. We directly tested the hypothesis that the dACC-AI would respond to cues of both inclusion and exclusion, using a novel social feedback fMRI paradigm in a population-derived sample of adolescents. We show that the dACC and left AI are commonly activated by feedback cues of inclusion and exclusion. Our findings suggest that theoretical accounts of the dACC-AI network as a neural alarm system restricted within the social domain to the processing of signals of exclusion require significant revision.", "date": "2017-02-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Scientific Reports", "volume": "7", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "Art. No. 42010", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170213-123257566", "issn": "2045-2322", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170213-123257566", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Friends of Peterhouse Medical Fund Cambridge", "grant_number": "RG 51114" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "RG 074296" }, { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)", "grant_number": "MC US A060 0019" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1038/srep42010", "pmcid": "PMC5294419", "primary_object": { "basename": "srep42010-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s3rf9-vky33/files/srep42010-s1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "srep42010.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s3rf9-vky33/files/srep42010.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Dalgleish, Tim; Walsh, Nicholas D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrv9f-yr537", "eprint_id": 72924, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 19:24:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 23:24:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Camerer-C-F", "name": { "family": "Camerer", "given": "Colin" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4049-1871" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Differences in Behavior and Brain Activity during Hypothetical and Real Choices", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "affective realism; choice; decision making; decision neuroscience; hypothetical bias; valuation", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAvailable online 12 December 2016. \n\nSupport was received from NSF and BNDF (C.C.) and NARSAD (D.M.). We thank Jody Culham and Rebecca Saxe for comments.\n\nAccepted Version - nihms-1002935.pdf
", "abstract": "Real behaviors are binding consequential commitments to a course of action, such as harming another person, buying an Apple watch, or fleeing from danger. Cognitive scientists are generally interested in the psychological and neural processes that cause such real behavior. However, for practical reasons, many scientific studies measure behavior using only hypothetical or imagined stimuli. Generalizing from such studies to real behavior implicitly assumes that the processes underlying the two types of behavior are similar. We review evidence of similarity and differences in hypothetical and real mental processes. In many cases, hypothetical choice tasks give an incomplete picture of brain circuitry that is active during real choice.", "date": "2017-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "volume": "21", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "46-56", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161219-084752514", "issn": "1364-6613", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161219-084752514", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "BNDF" }, { "agency": "Brain and Behavior Research Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.001", "pmcid": "PMC7769501", "primary_object": { "basename": "nihms-1002935.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrv9f-yr537/files/nihms-1002935.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Camerer, Colin and Mobbs, Dean" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eps7h-67s30", "eprint_id": 71758, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 19:05:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:02:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Koizumi-Ai", "name": { "family": "Koizumi", "given": "Ai" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8426-4908" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Lau-Hakwan", "name": { "family": "Lau", "given": "Hakwan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8433-4232" } ] }, "title": "Is fear perception special? Evidence at the level of decision-making and subjective confidence", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "fearful face perception; perceptual decision-making; metacognition; dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC); voxel-based morphometry (VBM)", "note": "\u00a9 2016 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work properly cited. \n\nReceived June 5, 2015; Revision received March 13, 2016; Accepted June 20, 2016; First published online: July 12, 2016. \n\nThe authors thank Ellen Tedeschi for assisting the collection of brain images and Brian Maniscalco for advising on the analyses of metacognitive performance. \n\nA.K. was supported by US-Japan Brain Research Cooperation Program (National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan) during the early phase of project, as well as by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) (Tokyo, Japan) during the late phase of project. This work was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health (Grant No. R01NS088628 to H.L.).\n\nPublished - Soc_Cogn_Affect_Neurosci-2016-Koizumi-1772-82_pub.pdf
Supplemental Material - scan-15-283-File008.docx
Supplemental Material - suppl_fig.pdf
", "abstract": "Fearful faces are believed to be prioritized in visual perception. However, it is unclear whether the processing of low-level facial features alone can facilitate such prioritization or whether higher-level mechanisms also contribute. We examined potential biases for fearful face perception at the levels of perceptual decision-making and perceptual confidence. We controlled for lower-level visual processing capacity by titrating luminance contrasts of backward masks, and the emotional intensity of fearful, angry and happy faces. Under these conditions, participants showed liberal biases in perceiving a fearful face, in both detection and discrimination tasks. This effect was stronger among individuals with reduced density in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a region linked to perceptual decision-making. Moreover, participants reported higher confidence when they accurately perceived a fearful face, suggesting that fearful faces may have privileged access to consciousness. Together, the results suggest that mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex contribute to making fearful face perception special.", "date": "2016-11-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience", "volume": "11", "number": "11", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "1772-1782", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161107-084151383", "issn": "1749-5016", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161107-084151383", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Japan)" }, { "agency": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "R01NS088628" } ] }, "doi": "10.1093/scan/nsw084", "pmcid": "PMC5091676", "primary_object": { "basename": "Soc_Cogn_Affect_Neurosci-2016-Koizumi-1772-82_pub.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eps7h-67s30/files/Soc_Cogn_Affect_Neurosci-2016-Koizumi-1772-82_pub.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "scan-15-283-File008.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eps7h-67s30/files/scan-15-283-File008.docx" }, { "basename": "suppl_fig.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eps7h-67s30/files/suppl_fig.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Koizumi, Ai; Mobbs, Dean; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0kfx2-3d524", "eprint_id": 85147, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 13:52:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:54:55", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "FeldmanHall-O", "name": { "family": "FeldmanHall", "given": "O." } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "A Neural Network for Moral Decision Making", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Elsevier Inc. \n\nCurrent as of 20 September 2016. Available online 24 February 2015. Reviewed 20 September 2016.", "abstract": "Some of the most fundamental psychological questions concerning human relations center on morality and altruism. Reinvigorated by the advent of modern technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), these questions have been extended to humans, which has resulted in a recent flurry of empirical studies examining the psychological and neural architecture of moral cognition. The depth of this subject is remarkable, and there is insufficient room here to touch on all facets. As a result, this review will cover two questions central to human moral behavior: How do we arrive at our moral judgments? And what is the neural circuitry that underpins these moral judgments?", "date": "2016-09-20", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "205-210", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-145241360", "isbn": "9780123970251", "book_title": "Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Cognitive Neuroscience, Clinical Brain Mapping", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-145241360", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Toga-A-W", "name": { "family": "Toga", "given": "A. W." } }, { "id": "Lieberman-M-D", "name": { "family": "Lieberman", "given": "M. D." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/B978-0-12-397025-1.00180-9", "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "FeldmanHall, O. and Mobbs, D." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hxzpc-c8p07", "eprint_id": 85099, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 13:13:11", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "FeldmanHall-O", "name": { "family": "FeldmanHall", "given": "Oriel" } }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } }, { "id": "Evans-D", "name": { "family": "Evans", "given": "Davy" } }, { "id": "Navrady-L", "name": { "family": "Navrady", "given": "Lauren" } }, { "id": "Tedeschi-E", "name": { "family": "Tedeschi", "given": "Ellen" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Moral Chivalry: Gender and Harm Sensitivity Predict Costly Altruism", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "moral, altruism, gender, gender bias, harm sensitivity", "note": "\u00a9 2016 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). \n\nPublished online 2016 May 25. \n\nThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. \n\nThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and Columbia University.\n\nPublished - 1948550616647448.pdf
", "abstract": "Moral perceptions of harm and fairness are instrumental in guiding how an individual navigates moral challenges. Classic research documents that the gender of a target can affect how people deploy these perceptions of harm and fairness. Across multiple studies, we explore the effect of an individual's moral orientations (their considerations of harm and justice) and a target's gender on altruistic behavior. Results reveal that a target's gender can bias one's readiness to engage in harmful actions and that a decider's considerations of harm\u2014but not fairness concerns\u2014modulate costly altruism. Together, these data illustrate that moral choices are conditional on the social nature of the moral dyad: Even under the same moral constraints, a target's gender and a decider's gender can shift an individual's choice to be more or less altruistic, suggesting that gender bias and harm considerations play a significant role in moral cognition.", "date": "2016-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Psychological and Personality Science", "volume": "7", "number": "6", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "pagerange": "542-551", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-130652209", "issn": "1948-5506", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-130652209", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" }, { "agency": "Columbia University" } ] }, "doi": "10.1177/1948550616647448", "pmcid": "PMC4952565", "primary_object": { "basename": "1948550616647448.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hxzpc-c8p07/files/1948550616647448.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "FeldmanHall, Oriel; Dalgleish, Tim; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qj35z-p0702", "eprint_id": 85089, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 09:48:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pr\u00e9vost-C", "name": { "family": "Pr\u00e9vost", "given": "Charlotte" } }, { "id": "Bolger-N", "name": { "family": "Bolger", "given": "Niall" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Associative Self-Anchoring Interacts with Obtainability of Chosen Objects", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "self-esteem, associative self-anchoring, psychological reactance, decision-making", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Pr\u00e9vost, Bolger and Mobbs.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CCBY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. \n\nReceived: 28 August 2015; Accepted: 16 December 2015;\nPublished: 11 January 2016.\n\nEdited by: Seung-Lark Lim, University of Missouri \u2013 Kansas City, USA \n\nReviewed by: Raphael Koster, University College London, UK \nAmitai Shenhav, Princeton University, USA \n\nWe thank Jessica Mizzi for assistance in running participants. This work was funded by a start-up grant to DM. \n\nThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.\n\nPublished - fpsyg-06-02012.pdf
", "abstract": "While there is evidence that implicit self-esteem transfers to chosen objects (associative self-anchoring), it is still unknown whether this phenomenon extends to explicit self-esteem. Moreover, whether the knowledge that these objects might belong to the self in the future or not affects the evaluation of these objects has received little attention. Here, we demonstrate that evaluations of chosen objects are further enhanced when they are obtainable as compared to when they are not in participants with high explicit self-esteem, whereas participants with low explicit self-esteem exhibit the opposite pattern. These findings extend previous results and shed new light on the role of self-esteem in altering preferences for chosen objects depending on their obtainability.", "date": "2016-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Frontiers in Psychology", "volume": "6", "publisher": "Frontiers Research Foundation", "pagerange": "Art. No. 2012", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-084554998", "issn": "1664-1078", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-084554998", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Columbia University" } ] }, "doi": "10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02012", "pmcid": "PMC4753553", "primary_object": { "basename": "fpsyg-06-02012.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qj35z-p0702/files/fpsyg-06-02012.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Pr\u00e9vost, Charlotte; Bolger, Niall; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/aj5ca-r3v78", "eprint_id": 85084, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 09:48:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Perkins-A-M", "name": { "family": "Perkins", "given": "Adam M." } }, { "id": "Arnone-D", "name": { "family": "Arnone", "given": "Danilo" } }, { "id": "Smallwood-J", "name": { "family": "Smallwood", "given": "Jonathan" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Response to Pickering et al.", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "personality, neuroticism, creativity, self-generated thought, medial prefrontal cortex", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nPublished online: November 30, 2015.", "abstract": "In a recent issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences we proposed an overarching account of neuroticism, arguing that it stems from individual differences in patterns of self-generated thought (SGT) which, in turn, depend on variation in the functioning of the default mode network (DMN). We believe our theoretical framework is important because it has the potential to embed an understanding of the neurotic mind in the context of three larger questions. (i) What are the mechanisms that support the capacity to worry in the absence of a provoking agent? (ii) How does DMN engagement lead to the variety of different experiences that can occupy our minds when we generate thought in the absence of perceptual input? (iii) How does the capacity to generate thoughts that have no obvious link to the environment lead to costs and benefits in daily life? In the current issue of Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Pickering et al.", "date": "2016-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "volume": "20", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "2-3", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-073304022", "issn": "1364-6613", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-073304022", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/j.tics.2015.11.001", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Perkins, Adam M.; Arnone, Danilo; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/efvp4-50q21", "eprint_id": 85119, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 08:31:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Hagan-C-C", "name": { "family": "Hagan", "given": "Cindy C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4576-7120" }, { "id": "Yu-Rongjun", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Rongjun" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0123-1524" }, { "id": "Takahashi-Hidehiko", "name": { "family": "Takahashi", "given": "Hidehiko" } }, { "id": "FeldmanHall-O", "name": { "family": "FeldmanHall", "given": "Oriel" } }, { "id": "Calder-A-J", "name": { "family": "Calder", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } } ] }, "title": "Reflected glory and failure: the role of the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum in self vs other relevance during advice-giving outcomes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "advice giving, reward, reflected glory, self-relevance, medial prefrontal cortex", "note": "\u00a9 2015 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nReceived 3 June 2014; Revised 2 February 2015; Accepted 11 February 2015. Advance Access publication 19 February 2015. \n\nWe thank Jason Stretton for his help with data analysis. This work was funded by the UK Medical Research Council (MC_US_A060_0017).\n\nPublished - nsv020.pdf
", "abstract": "Despite the risks, people enjoy giving advice. One explanation is that giving beneficial advice can result in reflected glory, ego boosts or reputation enhancement. However, giving poor advice can be socially harmful (being perceived as incompetent or untrustworthy). In both circumstances, we have a vested interest in the advice follower's success or failure, especially when it reflects specifically on us compared with when it is diffused between multiple advisors. We examined these dynamics using an Advisor-Advisee Game, where subjects acted as an Advisor to a confederate Advisee who selected one of the three options when trying to win money: accept the subject's advice, accept the advice of a second confederate Advisor or accept both Advisors' advice. Results showed that having one's advice accepted, compared with being rejected, resulted in activity in the ventral striatum--a core reward area. Furthermore, the ventral striatum was only active when the subject's advice led to the advisee winning, and not when the advisee won based on the confederate's advice. Finally, the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was more active when the Advisee won or lost money based solely on the subject's advice compared with when the second Advisor's advice was accepted. One explanation for these findings is that the MPFC monitors self-relevant social information, while the ventral striatum is active when others accept advice and when their success leads to reflected glory.", "date": "2015-10-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience", "volume": "10", "number": "10", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "1323-1328", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-074140131", "issn": "1749-5016", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-074140131", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)", "grant_number": "MC_US_A060_0017" } ] }, "doi": "10.1093/scan/nsv020", "pmcid": "PMC4590531", "primary_object": { "basename": "nsv020.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/efvp4-50q21/files/nsv020.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Hagan, Cindy C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pv0n5-mzf27", "eprint_id": 85124, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 08:29:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:10:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tedeschi-E", "name": { "family": "Tedeschi", "given": "Ellen" } }, { "id": "Weber-J", "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Jochen" } }, { "id": "Pr\u00e9vost-C", "name": { "family": "Pr\u00e9vost", "given": "Charlotte" } }, { "id": "Mischel-W", "name": { "family": "Mischel", "given": "Walter" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Inferences of Others' Competence Reduces Anticipation of Pain When under Threat", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. \n\nPosted Online August 31, 2015.\n\nPublished - jocn_a_00843.pdf
", "abstract": "On a daily basis, we place our lives in the hands of strangers. From dentists to pilots, we make inferences about their competence to perform their jobs and consequently to keep us from harm. Here we explore whether the perceived competence of others can alter one's anticipation of pain. In two studies, participants (Receivers) believed their chances of experiencing an aversive stimulus were directly dependent on the performance of another person (Players). We predicted that perceiving the Players as highly competent would reduce Receivers' anxiety when anticipating the possibility of an electric shock. Results confirmed that high competence ratings consistently corresponded with lower reported anxiety, and complementary fMRI data showed that increased competence perception was further expressed as decreased activity in the bilateral posterior insula, a region localized to actual pain stimulation. These studies suggest that inferences of competence act as predictors of protection and reduce the expectation of negative outcomes.", "date": "2015-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience", "volume": "27", "number": "10", "publisher": "MIT Press", "pagerange": "2071-2078", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-082140542", "issn": "0898-929X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-082140542", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1162/jocn_a_00843", "primary_object": { "basename": "jocn_a_00843.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pv0n5-mzf27/files/jocn_a_00843.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Tedeschi, Ellen; Weber, Jochen; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5cdkg-s9c60", "eprint_id": 85145, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 08:29:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:54:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Kim-Jeansok-J", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Jeansok J." } } ] }, "title": "Neuroethological studies of fear, anxiety, and risky decision-making in rodents and humans", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAvailable online 2 July 2015. \n\nConflict of interest statement: Nothing declared.\n\nAccepted Version - nihms976968.pdf
", "abstract": "Prey are relentlessly faced with a series of survival problems to solve. One enduring problem is predation, where the prey's answers rely on the complex interaction between actions cultivated during its life course and defense reactions passed down by descendants. To understand the proximate neural responses to analogous threats, affective neuroscientists have favored well-controlled associative learning paradigms, yet researchers are now creating semi-realistic environments that examine the dynamic flow of decision-making and escape calculations that mimic the prey's real world choices. In the context of research from the field of ethology and behavioral ecology, we review some of the recent literature in rodent and human neuroscience and discuss how these studies have the potential to provide new insights into the behavioral expression, computations, and the neural circuits that underlie healthy and pathological fear and anxiety.", "date": "2015-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences", "volume": "5", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "8-15", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-143417505", "issn": "2352-1546", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-143417505", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.06.005", "pmcid": "PMC6034691", "primary_object": { "basename": "nihms976968.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5cdkg-s9c60/files/nihms976968.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean and Kim, Jeansok J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q045x-rsb13", "eprint_id": 85072, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 16:17:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Perkins-A-M", "name": { "family": "Perkins", "given": "Adam M." } }, { "id": "Arnone-D", "name": { "family": "Arnone", "given": "Danilo" } }, { "id": "Smallwood-J", "name": { "family": "Smallwood", "given": "Jonathan" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Thinking too much: self-generated thought as the engine of neuroticism", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "personality; neuroticism; creativity; self-generated thought; medial prefrontal cortex", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAvailable online 27 August 2015. \n\nA.M.P. and D.A. are funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London. D.A.'s research is supported by the Academy of Medical Sciences (grant number AMS-SGCL8). D.A. has also received travel grants from Janssen-Cilag and Servier. J.S. is supported by grants from the Templeton Foundation and the Volkswagen Foundation. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, the Department of Health, or any of the funding agencies. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, Mariana Wieske for her contribution to the artwork, and the print-designer Emma Wright for valuable discussions on the links between neuroticism and creativity. Finally, we are indebted to Rebecca Schwarzlose for providing us with editorial support of the highest calibre.", "abstract": "Neuroticism is a dimension of personality that captures trait individual differences in the tendency to experience negative thoughts and feelings. Established theories explain neuroticism in terms of threat sensitivity, but have limited heuristic value since they cannot account for features of neuroticism that are unrelated to threat, such as creativity and negative psychological states experienced in benign, threat-free environments. We address this issue by proposing that neuroticism stems from trait individual differences in activity in brain circuits that govern the nature of self-generated thought (SGT). We argue our theory explains not only the association of neuroticism with threat sensitivity but also the prominence within the neurotic mind of representations of information that are unrelated to the way the world is right now, such as creativity and nonsituational 'angst'.", "date": "2015-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "volume": "19", "number": "9", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "492-498", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-144347750", "issn": "1364-6613", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-144347750", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Institute for Health Research" }, { "agency": "Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre" }, { "agency": "Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust" }, { "agency": "King's College London" }, { "agency": "Academy of Medical Sciences", "grant_number": "AMS-SGCL8" }, { "agency": "John Templeton Foundation" }, { "agency": "Volkswagen Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.tics.2015.07.003", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Perkins, Adam M.; Arnone, Danilo; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zatv9-7yz60", "eprint_id": 85077, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:28:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Hagan-C-C", "name": { "family": "Hagan", "given": "Cindy C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4576-7120" }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } }, { "id": "Silston-B", "name": { "family": "Silston", "given": "Brian" } }, { "id": "Pr\u00e9vost-C", "name": { "family": "Pr\u00e9vost", "given": "Charlotte" } } ] }, "title": "The ecology of human fear: survival optimization and the nervous system", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "survival optimization system, defensive distance, fear, anxiety, periaqueductal gray, amygdala, appraisal", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Mobbs, Hagan, Dalgleish, Silston and Pr\u00e9vost. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. \n\nReceived: 30 September 2014; Accepted: 07 February 2015; Published: 18 March 2015. \n\nWe thank Michael Ewbank, Peter Dayan, Ralph Adolphs, and Bernhard Staresina for their feedback on an earlier version of the paper. \n\nThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. \n\nEdited by: Rogier B. Mars, University of Oxford, UK.\n\nReviewed by: Jean Daunizeau, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), France Adam Perkins, King's College London, UK.\n\nPublished - fnins-09-00055.pdf
", "abstract": "We propose a Survival Optimization System (SOS) to account for the strategies that humans and other animals use to defend against recurring and novel threats. The SOS attempts to merge ecological models that define a repertoire of contextually relevant threat induced survival behaviors with contemporary approaches to human affective science. We first propose that the goal of the nervous system is to reduce surprise and optimize actions by (i) predicting the sensory landscape by simulating possible encounters with threat and selecting the appropriate pre-encounter action and (ii) prevention strategies in which the organism manufactures safe environments. When a potential threat is encountered the (iii) threat orienting system is engaged to determine whether the organism ignores the stimulus or switches into a process of (iv) threat assessment, where the organism monitors the stimulus, weighs the threat value, predicts the actions of the threat, searches for safety, and guides behavioral actions crucial to directed escape. When under imminent attack, (v) defensive systems evoke fast reflexive indirect escape behaviors (i.e., fight or flight). This cascade of responses to threat of increasing magnitude are underwritten by an interconnected neural architecture that extends from cortical and hippocampal circuits, to attention, action and threat systems including the amygdala, striatum, and hard-wired defensive systems in the midbrain. The SOS also includes a modulatory feature consisting of cognitive appraisal systems that flexibly guide perception, risk and action. Moreover, personal and vicarious threat encounters fine-tune avoidance behaviors via model-based learning, with higher organisms bridging data to reduce face-to-face encounters with predators. Our model attempts to unify the divergent field of human affective science, proposing a highly integrated nervous system that has evolved to increase the organism's chances of survival.", "date": "2015-03-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Frontiers in Neuroscience", "volume": "9", "publisher": "Frontiers", "pagerange": "Art. No. 55", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-152249381", "issn": "1662-453X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-152249381", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.3389/fnins.2015.00055", "pmcid": "PMC4364301", "primary_object": { "basename": "fnins-09-00055.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zatv9-7yz60/files/fnins-09-00055.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Hagan, Cindy C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xpmz2-yjp41", "eprint_id": 85088, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 14:44:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "FeldmanHall-O", "name": { "family": "FeldmanHall", "given": "Oriel" } }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } }, { "id": "Evans-D", "name": { "family": "Evans", "given": "Davy" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Empathic concern drives costly altruism", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Moral; Caudate; Subgenual ACC; VTA; Empathy; Altruism; Distress", "note": "\u00a9 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. \n\nAccepted 15 October 2014, Available online 31 October 2014. \n\nOpen Access funded by Medical Research Council Under a Creative Commons license.\n\nPublished - 1-s2.0-S1053811914008696-main.pdf
", "abstract": "Why do we self-sacrifice to help others in distress? Two competing theories have emerged, one suggesting that prosocial behavior is primarily motivated by feelings of empathic other-oriented concern, the other that we help mainly because we are egoistically focused on reducing our own discomfort. Here we explore the relationship between costly altruism and these two sub-processes of empathy, specifically drawing on the caregiving model to test the theory that trait empathic concern (e.g. general tendency to have sympathy for another) and trait personal distress (e.g. predisposition to experiencing aversive arousal states) may differentially drive altruistic behavior. We find that trait empathic concern \u2013 and not trait personal distress \u2013 motivates costly altruism, and this relationship is supported by activity in the ventral tegmental area, caudate and subgenual anterior cingulate, key regions for promoting social attachment and caregiving. Together, this data helps identify the behavioral and neural mechanisms motivating costly altruism, while demonstrating that individual differences in empathic concern-related brain responses can predict real prosocial choice.", "date": "2015-01-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "NeuroImage", "volume": "105", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "347-356", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-082625242", "issn": "1053-8119", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-082625242", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.043", "pmcid": "PMC4275572", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S1053811914008696-main.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xpmz2-yjp41/files/1-s2.0-S1053811914008696-main.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "FeldmanHall, Oriel; Dalgleish, Tim; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f34n9-gfw95", "eprint_id": 85073, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:44:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Silston-B", "name": { "family": "Silston", "given": "Brian" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Dopey dopamine: high tonic results in ironic performance", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAvailable online 29 April 2014.", "abstract": "Financial incentives are commonly used as motivational tools to enhance performance. Decades of research have established that the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is the fuel that propels reward-motivated behavior, yet a new PET study questions whether dopamine is beneficial to performance, showing that tonic DA synthesis predicts performance decrements when incentives are high.", "date": "2014-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "volume": "18", "number": "7", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "340-341", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-150203612", "issn": "1364-6613", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-150203612", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/j.tics.2014.03.010", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Silston, Brian and Mobbs, Dean" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4wg78-b3n92", "eprint_id": 85100, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 13:07:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yu-Rongjun", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Rongjun" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0123-1524" }, { "id": "Calder-A-J", "name": { "family": "Calder", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Overlapping and distinct representations of advantageous and disadvantageous inequality", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "inequality aversion; striatum; insula; amygdala; fMRI", "note": "\u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. \n\nReceived for publication 13 November 2012; Revised 20 August 2013; Accepted 26 August 2013. Published online 25 November 2013 in Wiley Online Library. \n\nContract grant sponsor: United Kingdom Medical Research\nCouncil; Contract grant number: MC_US_A060_5PQ50; Contract grant sponsor: Foundation for High-level Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong; Contract grant number: C10454; Contract grant sponsor: Natural Scientific Foundation of China; Contract grant number: 31371128. \n\nAll authors have no conflict of interest.", "abstract": "Advantageous inequality (AI) aversion, or paying at a personal cost to achieve equal reward distribution, represents a unique feature of human behavior. Here, we show that individuals have strong preferences for fairness in both disadvantageous (DI) and advantageous inequality (AI) situations, such that they alter others' payoff at a personal financial cost. At the neural level, we found that both types of inequality activated the putamen, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula, regions implicated in motivation. Individual difference analyses found that those who spent more money to increase others' payoff had stronger activity in putamen when they encountered AI and less functional connectivity between putamen and both orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula. Conversely, those who spent more money to reduce others' payoff had stronger activity in amygdala in response to DI and less functional connectivity between amygdala and ventral anterior cingulate cortex. These dissociations suggest that both types of inequality are processed by similar brain areas, yet modulated by different neural pathways.", "date": "2014-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Human Brain Mapping", "volume": "35", "number": "7", "publisher": "John Wiley & Sons", "pagerange": "3290-3301", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-131940423", "issn": "1065-9471", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-131940423", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)", "grant_number": "MC_US_A060_5PQ50" }, { "agency": "Foundation for High-level Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong", "grant_number": "C10454" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "31371128" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/hbm.22402", "pmcid": "PMC4216415", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Yu, Rongjun; Calder, Andrew J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vhr26-tn688", "eprint_id": 85093, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:38:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yu-Rongjun", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Rongjun" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0123-1524" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Seymour-B", "name": { "family": "Seymour", "given": "Ben" } }, { "id": "Rowe-J-B", "name": { "family": "Rowe", "given": "James B." } }, { "id": "Calder-A-J", "name": { "family": "Calder", "given": "Andrew J." } } ] }, "title": "The neural signature of escalating frustration in humans", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Frustration; Reactive aggression; Amygdala; Periaqueductal grey", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nReceived 16 December 2013. Reviewed 31 January 2014. Revised 5 February 2014. Accepted 11 February 2014. Published online 11 March 2014. \n\nAction editor Pia Rotshtein \n\nThis work was funded by the U.K. Medical Research Council (Grant MC_US_A060_5PQ50 to A.J.C.). JBR is funded by the Wellcome Trust (100004440) (088324). RY is funded by Foundation for High-level Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong (C10454) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371128).", "abstract": "Mammalian studies show that frustration is experienced when goal-directed activity is blocked. Despite frustration's strongly negative role in health, aggression and social relationships, the neural mechanisms are not well understood. To address this we developed a task in which participants were blocked from obtaining a reward, an established method of producing frustration. Levels of experienced frustration were parametrically varied by manipulating the participants' motivation to obtain the reward prior to blocking. This was achieved by varying the participants' proximity to a reward and the amount of effort expended in attempting to acquire it. In experiment 1, we confirmed that proximity and expended effort independently enhanced participants' self-reported desire to obtain the reward, and their self-reported frustration and response vigor (key-press force) following blocking. In experiment 2, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show that both proximity and expended effort modulated brain responses to blocked reward in regions implicated in animal models of reactive aggression, including the amygdala, midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG), insula and prefrontal cortex. Our findings suggest that frustration may serve an energizing function, translating unfulfilled motivation into aggressive-like surges via a cortical, amygdala and PAG network.", "date": "2014-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Cortex", "volume": "54", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "165-178", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-105655824", "issn": "0010-9452", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-105655824", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)", "grant_number": "MC_US_A060_5PQ50" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "100004440" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "088324" }, { "agency": "Foundation for High-level Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong", "grant_number": "C10454" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "31371128" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.cortex.2014.02.013", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Yu, Rongjun; Mobbs, Dean; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ppw08-xgv12", "eprint_id": 85105, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:23:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Hassabis-D", "name": { "family": "Hassabis", "given": "Demis" } }, { "id": "Yu-Rongjun", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Rongjun" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0123-1524" }, { "id": "Chu-Carlton", "name": { "family": "Chu", "given": "Carlton" } }, { "id": "Rushworth-M-F-S", "name": { "family": "Rushworth", "given": "Matthew" } }, { "id": "Boorman-E-D", "name": { "family": "Boorman", "given": "Erie" } }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } } ] }, "title": "Foraging under Competition: The Neural Basis of Input-Matching in Humans", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 the authors. For the first six months after publication SfN's license will be exclusive. Beginning six months after publication the Work will be made freely available to the public on SfN's website to copy, distribute, or display under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).\n\nReceived April 25, 2012; revised Jan. 19, 2013; accepted March 11, 2013. \n\nThis work was funded by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council. We thank Peter Dayan, Johan Carlin, and Bernhard Staresina for their help and insightful comments. \n\nD.M. and D.H. contributed equally to this work.\n\nPublished - 9866.full.pdf
", "abstract": "Input-matching is a key mechanism by which animals optimally distribute themselves across habitats to maximize net gains based on the changing input values of food supply rate and competition. To examine the neural systems that underlie this rule in humans, we created a continuous-input foraging task where subjects had to decide to stay or switch between two habitats presented on the left and right of the screen. The subject's decision to stay or switch was based on changing input values of reward-token supply rate and competition density. High density of competition or low-reward token rate was associated with decreased chance of winning. Therefore, subjects attempted to maximize their gains by switching to habitats that possessed low competition density and higher token rate. When it was increasingly disadvantageous to be in a habitat, we observed increased activity in brain regions that underlie preparatory motor actions, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the supplementary motor area, as well as the insula, which we speculate may be involved in the conscious urge to switch habitats. Conversely, being in an advantageous habitat is associated with activity in the reward systems, namely the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, amygdala and dorsal putamen activity steered interindividual preferences in competition avoidance and pursuing reward. Our results suggest that input-matching decisions are made as a net function of activity in a distributed set of neural systems. Furthermore, we speculate that switching behaviors are related to individual differences in competition avoidance and reward drive.", "date": "2013-06-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Neuroscience", "volume": "33", "number": "23", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "pagerange": "9866-9872", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-142223649", "issn": "0270-6474", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-142223649", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2238-12.2013", "pmcid": "PMC3865496", "primary_object": { "basename": "9866.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ppw08-xgv12/files/9866.full.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Hassabis, Demis; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pvtyj-7zk04", "eprint_id": 85083, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:06:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schweizer-S", "name": { "family": "Schweizer", "given": "Susanne" } }, { "id": "Grahn-J", "name": { "family": "Grahn", "given": "Jessica" } }, { "id": "Hampshire-A", "name": { "family": "Hampshire", "given": "Adam" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } } ] }, "title": "Training the Emotional Brain: Improving Affective Control through Emotional Working Memory Training", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 the authors. For the first six months after publication SfN's license will be exclusive. Beginning six months after publication the Work will be made freely available to the public on SfN's website to copy, distribute, or display under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). \n\nReceived May 30, 2012; revised Jan. 23, 2013; accepted Jan. 30, 2013. \n\nThis work was supported by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (MC US A060 0019). Susanne Schweizer was supported by the Gates Cambridge Trust. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interests. \n\nAuthor contributions: S.S., A.H., D.M., and T.D. designed research; S.S. performed research; A.H. contributed unpublished reagents/analytic tools; S.S., J.A.G., and T.D. analyzed data; S.S., D.M., and T.D. wrote the paper.\n\nPublished - 5301.full.pdf
", "abstract": "Affective cognitive control capacity (e.g., the ability to regulate emotions or manipulate emotional material in the service of task goals) is associated with professional and interpersonal success. Impoverished affective control, by contrast, characterizes many neuropsychiatric disorders. Insights from neuroscience indicate that affective cognitive control relies on the same frontoparietal neural circuitry as working memory (WM) tasks, which suggests that systematic WM training, performed in an emotional context, has the potential to augment affective control. Here we show, using behavioral and fMRI measures, that 20 d of training on a novel emotional WM protocol successfully enhanced the efficiency of this frontoparietal demand network. Critically, compared with placebo training, emotional WM training also accrued transfer benefits to a \"gold standard\" measure of affective cognitive control\u2013emotion regulation. These emotion regulation gains were associated with greater activity in the targeted frontoparietal demand network along with other brain regions implicated in affective control, notably the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex. The results have important implications for the utility of WM training in clinical, prevention, and occupational settings.", "date": "2013-03-20", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Neuroscience", "volume": "33", "number": "12", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "pagerange": "5301-5311", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-072239653", "issn": "0270-6474", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-072239653", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)", "grant_number": "MC US A060 0019" }, { "agency": "Gates Cambridge Trust" } ] }, "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2593-12.2013", "pmcid": "PMC6704999", "primary_object": { "basename": "5301.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pvtyj-7zk04/files/5301.full.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Schweizer, Susanne; Grahn, Jessica; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5zr4d-8s577", "eprint_id": 85091, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:50:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "FeldmanHall-O", "name": { "family": "FeldmanHall", "given": "Oriel" } }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Alexithymia decreases altruism in real social decisions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Alexithymia; Altruism Moral TPJ Insula", "note": "\u00a9 2012 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nReceived 22 May 2012. Reviewed 10 July 2012. Revised 20 September 2012. Accepted 19 October 2012. Published online 6 November 2012. \n\nAction editor Dan Tranel \n\nThe authors have declared that there are no competing interests.", "abstract": "Alexithymia, a sub-clinical personality construct associated with disturbances in affect regulation and social functioning, is known to be comorbid with a number of psychiatric conditions. We combined a distressing real-time altruism task with functional magnetic resonance imagining to explore the brain behaviour relationship between alexithymia and prosocial action. Here we show that individuals high on the alexithymia spectrum report less distress at seeing others in pain and behave less altruistically. This behavioural result is mirrored in the brain, where individuals who have difficulty recognizing and experiencing others' emotional distress have reduced neural activation within the anterior insula and temporoparietal junction, key regions in the experience of distress and perspective-taking.", "date": "2013-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Cortex", "volume": "49", "number": "3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "899-904", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-093011513", "issn": "0010-9452", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-093011513", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/j.cortex.2012.10.015", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "FeldmanHall, Oriel; Dalgleish, Tim; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/09epg-ypa32", "eprint_id": 85118, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:56:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "FeldmanHall-O", "name": { "family": "FeldmanHall", "given": "Oriel" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } } ] }, "title": "Deconstructing the brain's moral network: dissociable functionality between the temporoparietal junction and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "fMRI, moral, TPJ, vmPFC", "note": "\u00a9 2013 The Author, Published by Oxford University Press.\nThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided the originalwork is properly cited. \n\nReceived 17 July 2012; Accepted 24 November 2012; Advance Access publication 15 January 2013. \n\nThis research was supported by the Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit.\n\nPublished - nss139.pdf
Supplemental Material - nss139_Supplementary_Data.zip
", "abstract": "Research has illustrated that the brain regions implicated in moral cognition comprise a robust and broadly distributed network. However, understanding how these brain regions interact and give rise to the complex interplay of cognitive processes underpinning human moral cognition is still in its infancy. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine patterns of activation for 'difficult' and 'easy' moral decisions relative to matched non-moral comparators. This revealed an activation pattern consistent with a relative functional double dissociation between the temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and ventro-medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Difficult moral decisions activated bilateral TPJ and deactivated the vmPFC and OFC. In contrast, easy moral decisions revealed patterns of activation in the vmPFC and deactivation in bilateral TPJ and dorsolateral PFC. Together these results suggest that moral cognition is a dynamic process implemented by a distributed network that involves interacting, yet functionally dissociable networks.", "date": "2013-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience", "volume": "9", "number": "3", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "297-306", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-070941822", "issn": "1749-5016", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-070941822", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1093/scan/nss139", "pmcid": "PMC3980797", "primary_object": { "basename": "nss139.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/09epg-ypa32/files/nss139.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nss139_Supplementary_Data.zip", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/09epg-ypa32/files/nss139_Supplementary_Data.zip" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "FeldmanHall, Oriel; Mobbs, Dean; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8sd2z-9c194", "eprint_id": 85117, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:04:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:48", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "FeldmanHall-O", "name": { "family": "FeldmanHall", "given": "Oriel" } }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } }, { "id": "Thompson-R", "name": { "family": "Thompson", "given": "Russell" } }, { "id": "Evans-D", "name": { "family": "Evans", "given": "Davy" } }, { "id": "Schweizer-S", "name": { "family": "Schweizer", "given": "Susanne" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Differential neural circuitry and self-interest in real vs hypothetical moral decisions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "real moral decision-making, fMRI, amygdala, TPJ, ACC", "note": "\u00a9 2012 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in anymedium, provided the originalwork is properly cited. \n\nReceived 18 April 2012; Accepted 8 June 2012. Advance Access publication 18 June 2012. \n\nThis research was supported by the Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit.\n\nPublished - nss069.pdf
Supplemental Material - nss069_Supplementary_Data.zip
", "abstract": "Classic social psychology studies demonstrate that people can behave in ways that contradict their intentions\u2014especially within the moral domain. We measured brain activity while subjects decided between financial self-benefit (earning money) and preventing physical harm (applying an electric shock) to a confederate under both real and hypothetical conditions. We found a shared neural network associated with empathic concern for both types of decisions. However, hypothetical and real moral decisions also recruited distinct neural circuitry: hypothetical moral decisions mapped closely onto the imagination network, while real moral decisions elicited activity in the bilateral amygdala and anterior cingulate\u2014areas essential for social and affective processes. Moreover, during real moral decision-making, distinct regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) determined whether subjects make selfish or pro-social moral choices. Together, these results reveal not only differential neural mechanisms for real and hypothetical moral decisions but also that the nature of real moral decisions can be predicted by dissociable networks within the PFC.", "date": "2012-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience", "volume": "7", "number": "7", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "743-751", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-065911419", "issn": "1749-5016", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-065911419", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1093/scan/nss069", "pmcid": "PMC3475363", "primary_object": { "basename": "nss069.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8sd2z-9c194/files/nss069.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nss069_Supplementary_Data.zip", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8sd2z-9c194/files/nss069_Supplementary_Data.zip" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "FeldmanHall, Oriel; Dalgleish, Tim; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z1pc0-4qd80", "eprint_id": 85081, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:51:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "FeldmanHall-O", "name": { "family": "FeldmanHall", "given": "Oriel" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Evans-D", "name": { "family": "Evans", "given": "Davy" } }, { "id": "Hiscox-L", "name": { "family": "Hiscox", "given": "Lucy" } }, { "id": "Navrady-L", "name": { "family": "Navrady", "given": "Lauren" } }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } } ] }, "title": "What we say and what we do: The relationship between real and hypothetical moral choices", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Morality; Real moral decision-making; Contextual information; Motivational factors", "note": "\u00a9 2012 Elsevier B.V. Open Access under CC BY 3.0 license. \n\nReceived 23 August 2011. Revised 2 February 2012. Accepted 2 February 2012. Available online 9 March 2012.\n\nPublished - 1-s2.0-S0010027712000273-main.pdf
", "abstract": "Moral ideals are strongly ingrained within society and individuals alike, but actual moral choices are profoundly influenced by tangible rewards and consequences. Across two studies we show that real moral decisions can dramatically contradict moral choices made in hypothetical scenarios (Study 1). However, by systematically enhancing the contextual information available to subjects when addressing a hypothetical moral problem\u2014thereby reducing the opportunity for mental simulation\u2014we were able to incrementally bring subjects' responses in line with their moral behaviour in real situations (Study 2). These results imply that previous work relying mainly on decontextualized hypothetical scenarios may not accurately reflect moral decisions in everyday life. The findings also shed light on contextual factors that can alter how moral decisions are made, such as the salience of a personal gain.", "date": "2012-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Cognition", "volume": "123", "number": "3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "434-441", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-070237524", "issn": "0010-0277", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-070237524", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/j.cognition.2012.02.001", "pmcid": "PMC3355304", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0010027712000273-main.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z1pc0-4qd80/files/1-s2.0-S0010027712000273-main.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "FeldmanHall, Oriel; Mobbs, Dean; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8zwse-1rg06", "eprint_id": 85098, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:17:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Watt-C", "name": { "family": "Watt", "given": "Caroline" } } ] }, "title": "There is nothing paranormal about near-death experiences: how neuroscience can explain seeing bright lights, meeting the dead, or being convinced you are one of them", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2011 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nAvailable online 17 August 2011. \n\nWe wish to thank Chris Frith, Bernhard Staresina, Donna Harris and Michael Ewbank for helpful comments. The paper was supported by the UK Medical Research Council.", "abstract": "Approximately 3% of Americans declare to have had a near-death experience [1]. These experiences classically involve the feeling that one's soul has left the body, approaches a bright light and goes to another reality, where love and bliss are all encompassing. Contrary to popular belief, research suggests that there is nothing paranormal about these experiences. Instead, near-death experiences are the manifestation of normal brain function gone awry, during a traumatic, and sometimes harmless, event.", "date": "2011-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "volume": "15", "number": "10", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "447-449", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-125920018", "issn": "1364-6613", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-125920018", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.tics.2011.07.010", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean and Watt, Caroline" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7f6zc-cqd17", "eprint_id": 85087, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 03:42:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Persaud-N", "name": { "family": "Persaud", "given": "Navindra" } }, { "id": "Davidson-M", "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Matthew" } }, { "id": "Maniscalco-B", "name": { "family": "Maniscalco", "given": "Brian" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Passingham-R-E", "name": { "family": "Passingham", "given": "Richard E." } }, { "id": "Cowey-A", "name": { "family": "Cowey", "given": "Alan" } }, { "id": "Lau-Hakwan", "name": { "family": "Lau", "given": "Hakwan" } } ] }, "title": "Awareness-related activity in prefrontal and parietal cortices in blindsight reflects more than superior visual performance", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Blindsight; Consciousness; Visual perception; Metacognition", "note": "\u00a9 2011 Elsevier Inc. \n\nReceived 21 January 2011. Revised 23 June 2011. Accepted 27 June 2011. Available online 2 July 2011. \n\nNP is supported by a Banting Postdoctoral Research Fellowship from the CIHR and the Federal Government of Canada. HL is supported by the Templeton Foundation (grant number 21569).", "abstract": "Many imaging studies report activity in the prefrontal and parietal cortices when subjects are aware as opposed to unaware of visual stimuli. One possibility is that this activity simply reflects higher signal strength or the superior task performance that is associated with awareness. To find out, we studied the hemianope GY who has unilateral destruction of almost all primary visual cortices. He exhibits 'blindsight', that is, he claims to have no conscious visual phenomenology (i.e., no visual qualia), for stationary stimuli presented to his right visual field (the blind field), although he can press keys to distinguish between different stimuli presented there. We presented to him a visual discrimination task, and equated performance for stimuli presented to the left or right visual field by presenting low contrast stimuli to his normal (left) field and high contrast stimuli to his blind (right) field. Superior accuracy can be a serious confound, and our paradigm allows us to control for it and avoid this confound. Even when performance was matched, and the signal strength was lower, visual stimulation to the normal (conscious) field led to higher activity in the prefrontal and parietal cortices. These results indicate that the activity in the prefrontal and parietal areas that has been reported in previous studies of awareness is not just due to a (signal strength or performance) confounds. One possibility is that it reflects the superior 'metacognitive' capacity that is associated with awareness, because GY was better able to distinguish between his own correct and incorrect responses for stimuli presented to his normal field than to his blind field.", "date": "2011-09-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "NeuroImage", "volume": "58", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "605-611", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-081344918", "issn": "1053-8119", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-081344918", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)" }, { "agency": "Federal Government of Canada" }, { "agency": "Templeton Foundation", "grant_number": "21569" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.081", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Persaud, Navindra; Davidson, Matthew; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3k836-dhj80", "eprint_id": 85104, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:21:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yu-Rongjun", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Rongjun" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0123-1524" }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Seymour-B", "name": { "family": "Seymour", "given": "Ben" } }, { "id": "Calder-A-J", "name": { "family": "Calder", "given": "Andrew J." } } ] }, "title": "Insula and Striatum Mediate the Default Bias", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2010 the authors. For the first six months after publication SfN's license will be exclusive. Beginning six months after publication the Work will be made freely available to the public on SfN's website to copy, distribute, or display under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). \n\nReceived July 20, 2010; revised Aug. 30, 2010; accepted Sept. 13, 2010. \n\nThe research was funded by the United Kingdom Medical Research Council (Grant U1055.02.001.00001.01 to A.J.C.). R.Y. is supported by the UK/China Scholarships for Excellence.\n\nPublished - 14702.full.pdf
", "abstract": "Humans are creatures of routine and habit. When faced with situations in which a default option is available, people show a consistent tendency to stick with the default. Why this occurs is unclear. To elucidate its neural basis, we used a novel gambling task in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Behavioral results revealed that participants were more likely to choose the default card and felt enhanced emotional responses to outcomes after making the decision to switch. We show that increased tendency to switch away from the default during the decision phase was associated with decreased activity in the anterior insula; activation in this same area in reaction to \"switching away from the default and losing\" was positively related with experienced frustration. In contrast, decisions to choose the default engaged the ventral striatum, the same reward area as seen in winning. Our findings highlight aversive processes in the insula as underlying the default bias and suggest that choosing the default may be rewarding in itself.", "date": "2010-11-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Neuroscience", "volume": "30", "number": "44", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "pagerange": "14702-14707", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-141504217", "issn": "0270-6474", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-141504217", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)", "grant_number": "U1055.02.001.00001.01" }, { "agency": "China Scholarship Council" } ] }, "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3772-10.2010", "pmcid": "PMC6633627", "primary_object": { "basename": "14702.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3k836-dhj80/files/14702.full.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Yu, Rongjun; Mobbs, Dean; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m65fj-q7378", "eprint_id": 85076, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:18:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Yu-Rongjun", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Rongjun" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0123-1524" }, { "id": "Rowe-J-B", "name": { "family": "Rowe", "given": "James B." } }, { "id": "Eich-H", "name": { "family": "Eich", "given": "Hannah" } }, { "id": "FeldmanHall-O", "name": { "family": "FeldmanHall", "given": "Oriel" } }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } } ] }, "title": "Neural activity associated with monitoring the oscillating threat value of a tarantula", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "expectancy errors; imminence; distance", "note": "\u00a9 2010 National Academy of Sciences. Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. \n\nEdited by Edward E. Smith, Columbia University, New York, NY, and approved October 13, 2010 (received for review June 24, 2010). \n\nWe thank Simon Strangeways, Mark Townsend, and Gary Chandler for creation of hardware and help with data acquisition. We also thank Ray Dolan and Chris Frith for advice and Jay Wood of the Spider Diaries (www.thespiderdiaries.co.uk). This work was funded by the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome Trust Grant 077029 (to J.B.R.). \n\nAuthor contributions: D.M., J.B.R., and T.D. designed research; D.M., R.Y., H.E., and O.F. performed research; D.M. and R.Y. analyzed data; and D.M. and T.D. wrote the paper. \n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest. \n\nThis article is a PNAS Direct Submission. \n\nThis article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1009076107/-/DCSupplemental.\n\nPublished - 20582.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - pnas.201009076SI.pdf
", "abstract": "Phylogenetic threats such as spiders evoke our deepest primitive fears. When close or looming, such threats engage evolutionarily conserved monitoring systems and defense reactions that promote self-preservation. With the use of a modified behavioral approach task within functional MRI, we show that, as a tarantula was placed closer to a subject's foot, increased experiences of fear coincided with augmented activity in a cascade of fear-related brain networks including the periaqueductal gray, amygdala, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Activity in the amygdala was also associated with underprediction of the tarantula's threat value and, in addition to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, with monitoring the tarantula's threat value as indexed by its direction of movement. Conversely, the orbitofrontal cortex was engaged as the tarantula grew more distant, suggesting that this region emits safety signals or expels fear. Our findings fractionate the neurobiological mechanisms associated with basic fear and potentially illuminate the perturbed reactions that characterize clinical phobias.", "date": "2010-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "107", "number": "47", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "20582-20586", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-152144105", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-152144105", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "077029" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1009076107", "pmcid": "PMC2996708", "primary_object": { "basename": "20582.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m65fj-q7378/files/20582.full.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "pnas.201009076SI.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m65fj-q7378/files/pnas.201009076SI.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Yu, Rongjun; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/68njx-4nv67", "eprint_id": 85144, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:19:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:54:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kl\u00f6ppel-S", "name": { "family": "Kl\u00f6ppel", "given": "Stefan" } }, { "id": "Stonnington-C-M", "name": { "family": "Stonnington", "given": "Cynthia M." } }, { "id": "Petrovic-P", "name": { "family": "Petrovic", "given": "Predrag" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "T\u00fcscher-O", "name": { "family": "T\u00fcscher", "given": "Oliver" } }, { "id": "Craufurd-D", "name": { "family": "Craufurd", "given": "David" } }, { "id": "Tabrizi-S-J", "name": { "family": "Tabrizi", "given": "Sarah J." } }, { "id": "Frackowiak-R-S-J", "name": { "family": "Frackowiak", "given": "Richard S. J." } } ] }, "title": "Irritability in pre-clinical Huntington's disease", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY license. Open Access funded by Wellcome Trust. \n\nReceived 7 March 2009, Revised 9 August 2009, Accepted 20 October 2009, Available online 28 October 2009. \n\nCompeting interests: None. \n\nThis work was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 075696 2/04/2 to R.S.J.F., and S.J.T.) and the Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Forschung und Gesundheit (BMBF grant 01GW0730 to O.T.). While writing the manuscript S.K. was funded by the Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t of the University of Freiburg. P.P. is supported by a grant from Vetenskaps r\u00e5det and Hj\u00e4rnfonden, Sweden.\n\nAcknowledgements:\nWe would like to thank Susie Henley as well as Maggie Burrows, Rachel Taylor, Tom Warner and Edward Wild for their help with the recruitment. We also thank Natasja van Harskamp for the scoring of the NART. Furthermore, we would like to thank Chris Frith and Christoph Kaller for helpful suggestions for the preparation of this manuscript.\n\nPublished - 1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-main.pdf
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-mmc1.doc
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-mmc2.doc
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-mmc3.doc
", "abstract": "Irritability, together with depression and anxiety, form three salient clinical features of pre-symptomatic Huntington's disease (HD). To date, the understanding of irritability in HD suffers from a paucity of experimental data and is largely based on questionnaires or clinical anecdotes. Factor analysis suggests that irritability is related to impulsivity and aggression and is likely to engage the same neuronal circuits as these behaviours, including areas such as medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and amygdala.\n\n16 pre-symptomatic gene carriers (PSCs) and 15 of their companions were asked to indicate the larger of two squares consecutively shown on a screen while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Despite correct identification of the larger square, participants were often told that they or their partner had given the wrong answer. Size differences were subtle to make negative feedback credible but detectable.\n\nAlthough task performance, baseline irritability, and reported task-induced irritation were the same for both groups, fMRI revealed distinct neuronal processing in those who will later develop HD. In controls but not PSCs, task-induced irritation correlated positively with amygdala activation and negatively with OFC activation. Repetitive negative feedback induced greater amygdala activations in controls than PSCs. In addition, the inverse functional coupling between amygdala and OFC was significantly weaker in PSCs compared to controls.\n\nOur results argue that normal emotion processing circuits are disrupted in PSCs via attenuated modulation of emotional status by external or internal indicators. At later stages, this dysfunction may increase the risk for developing recognised, HD-associated, psychiatric symptoms such as irritability.", "date": "2010-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Neuropsychologia", "volume": "48", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "549-557", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-141346246", "issn": "0028-3932", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-141346246", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Wellcome Trust", "grant_number": "075696 2/04/2" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01GW0730" }, { "agency": "University of Freiburg" }, { "agency": "Vetenskaps r\u00e5det and Hj\u00e4rnfonden" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.10.016", "pmcid": "PMC2809920", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-mmc1.doc", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/68njx-4nv67/files/1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-mmc1.doc" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-mmc2.doc", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/68njx-4nv67/files/1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-mmc2.doc" }, { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-mmc3.doc", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/68njx-4nv67/files/1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-mmc3.doc" }, { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-main.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/68njx-4nv67/files/1-s2.0-S0028393209004199-main.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Kl\u00f6ppel, Stefan; Stonnington, Cynthia M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m1n99-2jq55", "eprint_id": 85148, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:14:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:54:58", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } }, { "id": "Dunn-Barnaby-D", "name": { "family": "Dunn", "given": "Barnaby D." } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" } ] }, "title": "Affective Neuroscience: Past, Present, and Future", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "affect, brain, emotion, neuroscience", "note": "\u00a9 2009 SAGE Publications and The International Society for Research on Emotion. \n\nFirst Published September 16, 2009.", "abstract": "The discipline of affective neuroscience is concerned with the underlying neural substrates of emotion and mood. This review presents an historical overview of the pioneering work in affective neuroscience of James and Lange, Cannon and Bard, and Hess, Papez, and MacLean before summarizing the current state of research on the brain regions identified by these seminal researchers. We also discuss the more recent strides made in the field of affective neuroscience. A final section considers different hypothetical organizations of affective neuroanatomy and highlights future directions for the discipline.", "date": "2009-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Emotion Review", "volume": "1", "number": "4", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "pagerange": "355-368", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-152656529", "issn": "1754-0739", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-152656529", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1177/1754073909338307", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Dalgleish, Tim; Dunn, Barnaby D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5zad3-yjj46", "eprint_id": 85103, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:09:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Marchant-Jennifer-L", "name": { "family": "Marchant", "given": "Jennifer L." } }, { "id": "Hassabis-Demis", "name": { "family": "Hassabis", "given": "Demis" } }, { "id": "Seymour-Ben", "name": { "family": "Seymour", "given": "Ben" } }, { "id": "Tan-Geoffrey", "name": { "family": "Tan", "given": "Geoffrey" } }, { "id": "Gray-Marcus", "name": { "family": "Gray", "given": "Marcus" } }, { "id": "Petrovic-Predrag", "name": { "family": "Petrovic", "given": "Predrag" } }, { "id": "Dolan-Raymond-J", "name": { "family": "Dolan", "given": "Raymond J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9356-761X" }, { "id": "Frith-Christopher-D", "name": { "family": "Frith", "given": "Christopher D." } } ] }, "title": "From Threat to Fear: The Neural Organization of Defensive Fear Systems in Humans", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2009 Society for Neuroscience. For the first six months after publication SfN's license will be exclusive. Beginning six months after publication the Work will be made freely available to the public on SfN's website to copy, distribute, or display under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). \n\nReceived May 21, 2009; accepted July 1, 2009. \n\nThis work was funded by the Wellcome Trust research programme grants. D.M. was supported by a Brain Research Trust Prize studentship and the Medical Research Council. We thank C. Hagan, L. Passamonti, C Hutton, and N. Weiskopf for discussions and help with data analysis.\n\nPublished - 12236.full.pdf
", "abstract": "Postencounter and circa-strike defensive contexts represent two adaptive responses to potential and imminent danger. In the context of a predator, the postencounter reflects the initial detection of the potential threat, whereas the circa-strike is associated with direct predatory attack. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural organization of anticipation and avoidance of artificial predators with high or low probability of capturing the subject across analogous postencounter and circa-strike contexts of threat. Consistent with defense systems models, postencounter threat elicited activity in forebrain areas, including subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), hippocampus, and amygdala. Conversely, active avoidance during circa-strike threat increased activity in mid-dorsal ACC and midbrain areas. During the circa-strike condition, subjects showed increased coupling between the midbrain and mid-dorsal ACC and decreased coupling with the sgACC, amygdala, and hippocampus. Greater activity was observed in the right pregenual ACC for high compared with low probability of capture during circa-strike threat. This region showed decreased coupling with the amygdala, insula, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Finally, we found that locomotor errors correlated with subjective reports of panic for the high compared with low probability of capture during the circa-strike threat, and these panic-related locomotor errors were correlated with midbrain activity. These findings support models suggesting that higher forebrain areas are involved in early-threat responses, including the assignment and control of fear, whereas imminent danger results in fast, likely \"hard-wired,\" defensive reactions mediated by the midbrain.", "date": "2009-09-30", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Neuroscience", "volume": "29", "number": "39", "publisher": "Society for Neuroscience", "pagerange": "12236-12243", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-140448946", "issn": "0270-6474", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-140448946", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Wellcome Trust" }, { "agency": "Brain Research Trust" }, { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2378-09.2009", "pmcid": "PMC2782300", "primary_object": { "basename": "12236.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5zad3-yjj46/files/12236.full.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Marchant, Jennifer L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0gnna-0tr17", "eprint_id": 85128, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:28:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:54:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Hassabis-Demis", "name": { "family": "Hassabis", "given": "Demis" } }, { "id": "Seymour-Ben", "name": { "family": "Seymour", "given": "Ben" } }, { "id": "Marchant-Jennifer-L", "name": { "family": "Marchant", "given": "Jennifer L." } }, { "id": "Weiskopf-Nikolaus", "name": { "family": "Weiskopf", "given": "Nikolaus" } }, { "id": "Dolan-Raymond-J", "name": { "family": "Dolan", "given": "Raymond J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9356-761X" }, { "id": "Frith-Christopher-D", "name": { "family": "Frith", "given": "Christopher D." } } ] }, "title": "Choking on the Money: Reward-Based Performance Decrements Are Associated With Midbrain Activity", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2009 SAGE.\n\nArticle first published online: August 1, 2009; Issue published: August 1, 2009; Accepted: December 06, 2008; Received: June 10, 2008. \n\nWe thank Predrag Petrovic, Marcus Gray, Cindy Hagan, and Christian Buchel for helpful comments and help with the experimental setup. This research was supported by the Wellcome Trust. D.M. is supported by a Brain Research Trust Prize Studentship and by the MRC. R.J.D. is a Wellcome Trust Programme Grant holder. C.D.F. is supported by the Wellcome Trust and the Danish National Research Foundation.\n\nAccepted Version - ukmss-31830.pdf
", "abstract": "A pernicious paradox in human motivation is the occasional reduced performance associated with tasks and situations that involve larger-than-average rewards. Three broad explanations that might account for such performance decrements are attentional competition (distraction theories), inhibition by conscious processes (explicit-monitoring theories), and excessive drive and arousal (overmotivation theories). Here, we report incentive-dependent performance decrements in humans in a reward-pursuit task; subjects were less successful in capturing a more valuable reward in a computerized maze. Concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that increased activity in ventral midbrain, a brain area associated with incentive motivation and basic reward responding, correlated with both reduced number of captures and increased number of near-misses associated with imminent high rewards. These data cast light on the neurobiological basis of choking under pressure and are consistent with overmotivation accounts.", "date": "2009-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Psychological Science", "volume": "20", "number": "8", "publisher": "SAGE Publications", "pagerange": "955-962", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-090809576", "issn": "0956-7976", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-090809576", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Brain Research Trust" }, { "agency": "Wellcome Trust" }, { "agency": "Danish National Research Foundation" }, { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02399.x", "pmcid": "PMC2931754", "primary_object": { "basename": "ukmss-31830.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0gnna-0tr17/files/ukmss-31830.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Hassabis, Demis; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3fw9w-qzv43", "eprint_id": 85075, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:43:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Yu-Rongjun", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Rongjun" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0123-1524" }, { "id": "Meyer-M", "name": { "family": "Meyer", "given": "Marcel" } }, { "id": "Passamonti-L", "name": { "family": "Passamonti", "given": "Luca" } }, { "id": "Seymour-B", "name": { "family": "Seymour", "given": "Ben" } }, { "id": "Calder-A-J", "name": { "family": "Calder", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Schweizer-S", "name": { "family": "Schweizer", "given": "Susanne" } }, { "id": "Schweizer-C-D", "name": { "family": "Frith", "given": "Chris D." } }, { "id": "Dalgleish-T", "name": { "family": "Dalgleish", "given": "Tim" } } ] }, "title": "A Key Role for Similarity in Vicarious Reward", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2009 American Association for the Advancement of Science. \n\n6 January 2009; accepted 13 March 2009. \n\nWe thank M. Ewbank, R. Henson, and E. Hill for their help. This work was conducted at the Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and supported by the MRC. \n\nThese authors contributed equally to this work.\n\nAccepted Version - ukmss-28868.pdf
Supplemental Material - Mobbs.SOM.pdf
", "abstract": "Humans appear to have an inherent prosocial tendency toward one another in that we often take pleasure in seeing others succeed. This fact is almost certainly exploited by game shows, yet why watching others win elicits a pleasurable vicarious rewarding feeling in the absence of personal economic gain is unclear. One explanation is that game shows use contestants who have similarities to the viewing population, thereby kindling kin-motivated responses (for example, prosocial behavior). Using a game show\u2013inspired paradigm, we show that the interactions between the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate cortex subserve the modulation of vicarious reward by similarity, respectively. Our results support studies showing that similarity acts as a proximate neurobiological mechanism where prosocial behavior extends to unrelated strangers.", "date": "2009-05-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "324", "number": "5929", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "900", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-151347877", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-151347877", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.1170539", "pmcid": "PMC2839480", "primary_object": { "basename": "ukmss-28868.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3fw9w-qzv43/files/ukmss-28868.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Mobbs.SOM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3fw9w-qzv43/files/Mobbs.SOM.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Yu, Rongjun; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4gje6-zv621", "eprint_id": 85078, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:55:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Takahashi-Hidehiko", "name": { "family": "Takahashi", "given": "Hidehiko" } }, { "id": "Kato-Motoichiro", "name": { "family": "Kato", "given": "Motoichiro" } }, { "id": "Matsuura-Masato", "name": { "family": "Matsuura", "given": "Masato" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Suhara-Tetsuya", "name": { "family": "Suhara", "given": "Tetsuya" } }, { "id": "Okubo-Yoshiro", "name": { "family": "Okubo", "given": "Yoshiro" } } ] }, "title": "When Your Gain Is My Pain and Your Pain Is My Gain: Neural Correlates of Envy and Schadenfreude", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2008 American Association for the Advancement of Science. \n\n8 September 2008; accepted 10 December 2008. \n\nWe gratefully thank C. Frith for his valuable comments. This study was supported by a Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant for Comprehensive Research on Disability, Health, and Welfare (H20-SYOGAI-011) from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare, and a Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant for Research on Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases and Mental Health (H20-KOKORO-025) from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare. D.M. is support by MRC (UK).", "abstract": "We often evaluate the self and others from social comparisons. We feel envy when the target person has superior and self-relevant characteristics. Schadenfreude occurs when envied persons fall from grace. To elucidate the neurocognitive mechanisms of envy and schadenfreude, we conducted two functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. In study one, the participants read information concerning target persons characterized by levels of possession and self-relevance of comparison domains. When the target person's possession was superior and self-relevant, stronger envy and stronger anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation were induced. In study two, stronger schadenfreude and stronger striatum activation were induced when misfortunes happened to envied persons. ACC activation in study one predicted ventral striatum activation in study two. Our findings document mechanisms of painful emotion, envy, and a rewarding reaction, schadenfreude.", "date": "2009-02-13", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "323", "number": "5916", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "937-939", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-153111333", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-153111333", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (Japan)", "grant_number": "H20-SYOGAI-011" }, { "agency": "Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (Japan)", "grant_number": "H20-KOKORO-025" }, { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.1165604", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Takahashi, Hidehiko; Kato, Motoichiro; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e1rp2-10p89", "eprint_id": 85127, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 13:45:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:10:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hagan-C-C", "name": { "family": "Hagan", "given": "Cindy C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4576-7120" }, { "id": "Hoeft-F", "name": { "family": "Hoeft", "given": "Fumiko" } }, { "id": "Mackey-A", "name": { "family": "Mackey", "given": "Allyson" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Reiss-A-L", "name": { "family": "Reiss", "given": "Allan L." } } ] }, "title": "Aberrant Neural Function During Emotion Attribution in Female Subjects With Fragile X Syndrome", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "fMRI; fragile X; emotion; cingulate cortex; insula", "note": "\u00a9 2008 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. \n\nFinancial support was provided by NIMH grant #50047 and the Canal Family Research Fund. \n\nThe authors thank Christa Watson, Stephanie Brogdon, Melissa Hirt, Chris Wagner, Sudharshan Parthasarathy, Nancy Adleman, Jessica Ringel, and Lauren Penniman for assistance with the magnetic resonance imaging scanning and preparation and Jennifer Keller, Cindy K. Johnston, and Amy Lightbody for assistance with cognitive testing. The authors also thank the subjects and their families for participation in this study. \n\nThe authors report no conflicts of interest.", "abstract": "Objective: Fragile X (FraX) syndrome is caused by mutations of the FraX mental retardation-1 gene\u2014a gene responsible for producing FraX mental retardation protein. The neurocognitive phenotype associated with FraX in female subjects includes increased risk for emotional disorders including social anxiety, depression, and attention deficit. Here, the authors investigated the neurobiological systems underlying emotion attribution in female subjects with FraX syndrome. \n\nMethod: While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, 10 high-functioning female subjects with FraX syndrome and 10 typically developing (TD) female subjects were presented with photographs of happy, sad, and neutral faces and instructed to determine the facial emotion. \n\nResults: No significant group differences were found for the recognition of happy faces, although the FraX group showed a trend toward a significant difference for the recognition of sad faces and significantly poorer recognition of neutral faces. Controlling for between-group differences in IQ and performance accuracy, the TD group had greater activation than the FraX group in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for neutral faces compared with scrambled faces and the caudate for sad faces compared with scrambled faces (but not for sad faces compared with neutral faces). In the FraX group, FraX mental retardation protein levels positively correlated with activation in the dorsal ACC for neutral, happy, and sad faces when independently compared with scrambled faces. Significantly greater negative correlation between IQ and insula activation for neutral faces relative to scrambled faces was observed in the FraX group compared with the TD group. Significantly greater positive correlation between IQ and ACC activation for neutral faces relative to scrambled faces was observed in the TD group compared with the FraX group. \n\nConclusions: Although emotion recognition is generally spared in FraX syndrome, the emotion circuit (i.e., ACC, caudate, insula) that modulates emotional responses to facial stimuli may be disrupted.", "date": "2008-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "volume": "47", "number": "12", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1443-1454", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-085437018", "issn": "0890-8567", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-085437018", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "50047" }, { "agency": "National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)" }, { "agency": "Canal Family Research Fund" } ] }, "doi": "10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181886e92", "pmcid": "PMC4820328", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Hagan, Cindy C.; Hoeft, Fumiko; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e9yxp-y9d87", "eprint_id": 85080, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:39:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Reiss-A-L", "name": { "family": "Reiss", "given": "Allan L." } }, { "id": "Hoeft-F", "name": { "family": "Hoeft", "given": "Fumiko" } }, { "id": "Tenforde-A-S", "name": { "family": "Tenforde", "given": "Adam S." } }, { "id": "Chen-Wynne", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Wynne" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Mignot-E-J", "name": { "family": "Mignot", "given": "Emmanuel J." } } ] }, "title": "Anomalous Hypothalamic Responses to Humor in Cataplexy", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2008 Reiss et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. \n\nReceived: January 17, 2008; Accepted: April 3, 2008; Published: May 21, 2008. \n\nEditor: Ernest Greene, University of Southern California, United States of America \n\nFunded by NIH 23724 and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. DM is funded by the Medical Research Council. \n\nAuthor Contributions: Conceived and designed the experiments: EM AR DM WC. Performed the experiments: DM AT WC. Analyzed the data: FH AT. Wrote the paper: EM AR FH DM. \n\nThe authors have declared that no competing interests exist.\n\nPublished - journal.pone.0002225.PDF
", "abstract": "Background: Cataplexy is observed in a subset of patients with narcolepsy and affects approximately 1 in 2,000 persons. Cataplexy is most often triggered by strong emotions such as laughter, which can result in transient, yet debilitating, muscle atonia. The objective of this study was to examine the neural systems underlying humor processing in individuals with cataplexy. \n\nMethodology/Principal Findings: While undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), we showed ten narcolepsy-cataplexy patients and ten healthy controls humorous cartoons. In addition, we examined the brain activity of one subject while in a full-blown cataplectic attack. Behavioral results showed that participants with cataplexy rated significantly fewer humorous cartoons as funny compared to controls. Concurrent fMRI showed that patients, when compared to controls and in the absence of overt cataplexy symptoms, showed pronounced activity in the emotional network including the ventral striatum and hypothalamus while viewing humorous versus non-humorous cartoons. Increased activity was also observed in the right inferior frontal gyri -a core component of the inhibitory circuitry. In comparison, the one subject who experienced a cataplectic attack showed dramatic reductions in hypothalamic activity. \n\nConclusions: These findings suggest an overdrive of the emotional circuitry and possible compensatory suppression by cortical inhibitory regions in cataplexy. Moreover, during cataplectic attacks, the hypothalamus is characterized by a marked decrease in activity similar to that observed during sleep. One possible explanation for these findings is an initial overdrive and compensatory shutdown of the hypothalamus resulting in full cataplectic symptoms.", "date": "2008-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "PLoS ONE", "volume": "3", "number": "5", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "pagerange": "Art. No. e2225", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-153736448", "issn": "1932-6203", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-153736448", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "23724" }, { "agency": "Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)" }, { "agency": "Medical Research Council (UK)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0002225", "pmcid": "PMC2377337", "primary_object": { "basename": "journal.pone.0002225.PDF", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e9yxp-y9d87/files/journal.pone.0002225.PDF" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Reiss, Allan L.; Hoeft, Fumiko; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ck2a7-59059", "eprint_id": 85074, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:49:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Petrovic-Predrag", "name": { "family": "Petrovic", "given": "Predrag" } }, { "id": "Marchant-Jennifer-L", "name": { "family": "Marchant", "given": "Jennifer L." } }, { "id": "Hassabis-Demis", "name": { "family": "Hassabis", "given": "Demis" } }, { "id": "Weiskopf-Nikolaus", "name": { "family": "Weiskopf", "given": "Nikolaus" } }, { "id": "Seymour-Ben", "name": { "family": "Seymour", "given": "Ben" } }, { "id": "Dolan-Raymond-J", "name": { "family": "Dolan", "given": "Raymond J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9356-761X" }, { "id": "Frith-Christopher-D", "name": { "family": "Frith", "given": "Christopher D." } } ] }, "title": "When Fear Is Near: Threat Imminence Elicits Prefrontal-Periaqueductal Gray Shifts in Humans", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2007 American Association for the Advancement of Science. \n\nReceived 26 April 2007; accepted 10 July 2007.\n\nAccepted Version - ukmss-3684.pdf
Supplemental Material - Mobbs.SOM.pdf
", "abstract": "Humans, like other animals, alter their behavior depending on whether a threat is close or distant. We investigated spatial imminence of threat by developing an active avoidance paradigm in which volunteers were pursued through a maze by a virtual predator endowed with an ability to chase, capture, and inflict pain. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found that as the virtual predator grew closer, brain activity shifted from the ventromedial prefrontal cortex to the periaqueductal gray. This shift showed maximal expression when a high degree of pain was anticipated. Moreover, imminence-driven periaqueductal gray activity correlated with increased subjective degree of dread and decreased confidence of escape. Our findings cast light on the neural dynamics of threat anticipation and have implications for the neurobiology of human anxiety-related disorders.", "date": "2007-08-24", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "317", "number": "5841", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "1079-1083", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-151125026", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-151125026", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1126/science.1144298", "pmcid": "PMC2648508", "primary_object": { "basename": "Mobbs.SOM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ck2a7-59059/files/Mobbs.SOM.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "ukmss-3684.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ck2a7-59059/files/ukmss-3684.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Petrovic, Predrag; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q8vc0-pq156", "eprint_id": 85082, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:42:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Eckert-M-A", "name": { "family": "Eckert", "given": "Mark A." } }, { "id": "Mills-D", "name": { "family": "Mills", "given": "Debra" } }, { "id": "Korenberg-J-R", "name": { "family": "Korenberg", "given": "Julie" } }, { "id": "Bellugi-U", "name": { "family": "Bellugi", "given": "Ursula" } }, { "id": "Galaburda-A-M", "name": { "family": "Galaburda", "given": "Albert M." } }, { "id": "Reiss-A-L", "name": { "family": "Reiss", "given": "Allan L." } } ] }, "title": "Frontostriatal Dysfunction During Response Inhibition in Williams Syndrome", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "fMRI; Go/NoGo; prefrontal cortex; response inhibition; striatum; Williams syndrome", "note": "\u00a9 2007 Society of Biological Psychiatry. \n\nReceived 15 March 2006, Revised 9 May 2006, Accepted 23 May 2006, Available online 25 September 2006. \n\nThe authors thank Asya Karchemskiy, J. Eric Schmitt, Vinod Menon, Adam Tenforde, and Katie McKenzie for their help with data acquisition and analysis. This study was supported by the National Institute of Health (Grant Nos. MH01142, MH50047, HD31715, HD33113, and HD40761 to ALR).", "abstract": "Williams syndrome (WS) has provided researchers with an exciting opportunity to understand the complex interplay among genes, neurobiological and cognitive functions. However, despite a well-characterized cognitive and behavioral phenotype, little attention has been paid to the marked deficits in social and behavioral inhibition. Here we explore the neural systems that mediate response inhibition in WS. \n\nMethods: We used functional MRI (fMRI) to obtain blood oxygenation level dependence (BOLD) signal maps during the performance of a Go/NoGo response inhibition task from 11 clinically and genetically diagnosed WS patients and 11 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) control subjects. Correlations between behavioral, neuropsychological measures, and BOLD signal were also conducted. \n\nResults: Although TD control subjects showed significantly faster response times, no group differences in behavioral accuracy were observed. Compared with control subjects, WS participants demonstrated significantly reduced activity in the striatum, dorsolateral prefrontal, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortices. These findings support the hypothesis that persons with WS fail to activate critical cortical and subcortical structures involved in behavioral inhibition. \n\nConclusions: Our results provide important evidence for reduced engagement of the frontostriatal circuits in WS and provide putative biological markers for the deficits in response inhibition and the unusual social phenotype", "date": "2007-08-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Biological Psychiatry", "volume": "62", "number": "3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "256-261", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-071218227", "issn": "0006-3223", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-071218227", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH01142" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH50047" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD31715" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD33113" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD40761" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.05.041", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Eckert, Mark A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tt0q3-v7d29", "eprint_id": 85095, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:24:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Eckert-M-A", "name": { "family": "Eckert", "given": "Mark A." } }, { "id": "Menon-V", "name": { "family": "Menon", "given": "Vinod" } }, { "id": "Mills-D", "name": { "family": "Mills", "given": "Debbie" } }, { "id": "Korenberg-J-R", "name": { "family": "Korenberg", "given": "Julie" } }, { "id": "Galaburda-A-M", "name": { "family": "Galaburda", "given": "Albert M." } }, { "id": "Rose-F-E", "name": { "family": "Rose", "given": "Fred E." } }, { "id": "Bellugi-U", "name": { "family": "Bellugi", "given": "Ursula" } }, { "id": "Reiss-A-L", "name": { "family": "Reiss", "given": "Allan L." } } ] }, "title": "Reduced parietal and visual cortical activation during global processing in Williams syndrome", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2007 Wiley. \n\nIssue online: 21 May 2007. Version of Record online: 21 May 2007. Accepted for publication 7th December 2006. \n\nThis study was supported by the following grants from the National Institutes of Health: MH01142, MH50047, HD31715, HD33113, and HD40761. We thank J Eric Schmitt and Katie McKenzie for their help with data acquisition and analysis.", "abstract": "Several lines of investigation suggest that individuals with Williams syndrome (WS), a neurodevelopmental disorder of well-characterized genetic etiology, have selective impairments in integrating local image elements into global configurations. We compared global processing abilities in 10 clinically and genetically diagnosed participants with WS (eight females, two males; mean age 31y 10mo [SD 9y 7mo], range 15y 5mo-48y 4mo) with a typically developed (TD) age- and sex-matched comparison group (seven females, one male; mean age 35y 2mo [SD 10y 10mo], range 24y-54y 7mo) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Behavioral data showed participants with WS to be significantly less accurate (p<0.042) together with a non-significant trend to be slower than the TD comparison group while performing the global processing task. fMRI data showed participants with WS to possess reduced activation in the visual and parietal cortices. Participants with WS also showed relatively normal activation in the ventral occipitotemporal cortex, but elevated activation in several posterior thalamic nuclei. These preliminary results largely confirm previous research findings and neural models implicating neurodevelopmental abnormalities in extended subcortical and cortical visual systems in WS, most notably dorsal-stream pathways.", "date": "2007-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology", "volume": "49", "number": "6", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "433-438", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-111816593", "issn": "0012-1622", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-111816593", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH01142" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH50047" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD31715" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD33113" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD40761" } ] }, "doi": "10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00433.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Eckert, Mark A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v3wne-xs930", "eprint_id": 85079, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:59:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:39", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Lau-Hakwan-C", "name": { "family": "Lau", "given": "Hakwan C." } }, { "id": "Jones-O-D", "name": { "family": "Jones", "given": "Owen D." } }, { "id": "Frith-C-D", "name": { "family": "Frith", "given": "Christopher D." } } ] }, "title": "Law, Responsibility, and the Brain", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2007 Mobbs et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. \n\nWe thank Cindy C. Hagan, John Monaghan, and Joshua Buckholtz for their helpful comments.\n\nPublished - journal.pbio.0050103.PDF
", "abstract": "Archaeological discoveries of traumatic injuries in primitive hominid skulls strongly hint that our species has a long history of violence [1]. Despite repeated attempts throughout history, including efforts to eliminate violence through the imposition of criminal sanctions, we have yet to dispel our violent nature. Consequently, criminal violence remains a common feature of most societies. As policy-makers seek deeper understandings of criminally violent and anti-social behaviour, many contemporary neuroscientists assume that the essential ingredients of the human condition, including free will, empathy, and morality, are the calculable consequences of an immense assembly of neurons firing. Intuitively, this view opposes Cartesian dualism (i.e., the brain and mind are separate, but interacting, entities) and assumes that violence and antisocial behaviour emanate from a mechanistically determined brain (see Box 1).", "date": "2007-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "PLoS Biology", "volume": "5", "number": "4", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "pagerange": "Art. No. e103", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-153342815", "issn": "1545-7885", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180302-153342815", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0050103", "pmcid": "PMC1852146", "primary_object": { "basename": "journal.pbio.0050103.PDF", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v3wne-xs930/files/journal.pbio.0050103.PDF" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Lau, Hakwan C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7g1vk-ttb19", "eprint_id": 85116, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:32:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Weiskopf-Nikolaus", "name": { "family": "Weiskopf", "given": "Nikolaus" } }, { "id": "Lau-Hakwan-C", "name": { "family": "Lau", "given": "Hakwan C." } }, { "id": "Featherstone-Eric", "name": { "family": "Featherstone", "given": "Eric" } }, { "id": "Dolan-Raymond-J", "name": { "family": "Dolan", "given": "Ray J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9356-761X" }, { "id": "Frith-Chris-D", "name": { "family": "Frith", "given": "Chris D." } } ] }, "title": "The Kuleshov Effect: the influence of contextual framing on emotional attributions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "fMRI, kuleshov effect, context, affect, mental-state", "note": "\u00a9 2006 The Author. Published by Oxford University Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nReceived 23 February 2006; Accepted 10 July 2006; \nAdvance Access Publication 14 August 2006. \n\nWe thank Klaas Stephan, Predrag Petrovic, Rik Henson, Cindy C. Hagan and Luen Otten for helpful comments on the study design and analysis. This research was supported by the Wellcome Trust. D. Mobbs is supported by Brain Research Trust Prize Studentship. Stimuli were taken from: Tottenham, N., Borscheid, A., Ellersten, K., Markus, D.J., and Nelson, C.A. (2002). Categorization of facial expressions in children and adults: Establishing a larger stimulus set. Poster presented at the Cognitive Neuroscience Society annual meeting, San Francisco.\n\nPublished - nsl014.pdf
", "abstract": "Filmmakers have long recognized the importance of editing techniques to guide the audiences' perceptions and enhance the impact of a scene. We demonstrate behaviorally that pairing identical faces with either neutral or emotionally salient contextual movies, an editing technique referred to as the 'Kuleshov Effect', results in both altered attributions of facial expression and mental-state. Using functional neuroimaging (fMRI), we show that faces paired with emotional movies enhance BOLD responses in the bilateral temporal pole, anterior cingulate cortices, amygdala and bilateral superior temporal sulcus relative to identical faces juxtaposed with neutral movies. An interaction was observed in the right amygdala when subtle happy and fear faces were juxtaposed with positive and negative movies, respectively. An interaction between happy faces and negative context was also observed in bilateral amygdala suggesting that the amygdala may act to prime or tag affective value to faces. A parametric modulation of BOLD signal by attribution ratings indicated a dissociation between ventrolateral and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex for negative and positive contextually evoked attributions, respectively. These prefrontal regions may act to guide appropriate choices across altering contexts. Together, these findings offer a neurobiological basis for contextual framing effects on social attributions.", "date": "2006-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience", "volume": "1", "number": "2", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "95-106", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-064822158", "issn": "1749-5016", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-064822158", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Wellcome Trust" }, { "agency": "Brain Research Trust" } ] }, "doi": "10.1093/scan/nsl014", "pmcid": "PMC1810228", "primary_object": { "basename": "nsl014.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7g1vk-ttb19/files/nsl014.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Weiskopf, Nikolaus; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d71dk-kfp25", "eprint_id": 85115, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:26:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Hagan-C-C", "name": { "family": "Hagan", "given": "Cindy C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4576-7120" }, { "id": "Azim-E", "name": { "family": "Azim", "given": "Elman" } }, { "id": "Menon-V", "name": { "family": "Menon", "given": "Vinod" } }, { "id": "Reiss-A-L", "name": { "family": "Reiss", "given": "Allan L." } } ] }, "title": "Personality predicts activity in reward and emotional regions associated with humor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "laughter; emotion; extroversion; neuroticism; functional MRI", "note": "\u00a9 2005 National Academy of Sciences. Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. \n\nEdited by Marcus E. Raichle, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, and approved September 13, 2005 (received for review November 13, 2004).\n\nWe thank Drs. Michael D. Greicius and Amy S. Garrett for their helpful comments. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant MH01142 (to A.L.R.). \n\nAuthor contributions: D.M., V.M., and A.L.R. designed research; D.M. and E.A. performed research; V.M. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; D.M., C.C.H., and E.A. analyzed data; and D.M., C.C.H., and A.L.R. wrote the paper. \n\nNo conflicts declared. \n\nThis paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.\n\nPublished - 16502.full.pdf
", "abstract": "Previous research and theory suggest that two stable personality dimensions, extroversion and neuroticism, differentially influence emotional reactivity to a variety of pleasurable phenomena. Here, we use event-related functional MRI to address the putative neural and behavioral associations between humor appreciation and the personality dimensions of introversion-extroversion and emotional stability-neuroticism. Our analysis showed extroversion to positively correlate with humor-driven blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in discrete regions of the right orbital frontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and bilateral temporal cortices. Introversion correlated with increased activation in several regions, most prominently the bilateral amygdala. Although neuroticism did not positively correlate with any whole-brain activation, emotional stability (i.e., the inverse of neuroticism) correlated with increased activation in the mesocortical-mesolimbic reward circuitry encompassing the right orbital frontal cortex, caudate, and nucleus accumbens. Our findings tie together existing neurobiological studies of humor appreciation and are compatible with the notion that personality style plays a fundamental role in the neurobiological systems subserving humor appreciation.", "date": "2005-11-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "102", "number": "45", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "16502-16506", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-165233076", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-165233076", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH01142" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.0408457102", "pmcid": "PMC1277964", "primary_object": { "basename": "16502.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d71dk-kfp25/files/16502.full.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Hagan, Cindy C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tndt7-pgj16", "eprint_id": 85109, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:38:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:09:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Azim-E", "name": { "family": "Azim", "given": "Elman" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Jo-B", "name": { "family": "Jo", "given": "Booil" } }, { "id": "Menon-V", "name": { "family": "Menon", "given": "Vinod" } }, { "id": "Reiss-A-L", "name": { "family": "Reiss", "given": "Allan L." } } ] }, "title": "Sex differences in brain activation elicited by humor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "executive function male/female reward functional MRI", "note": "\u00a9 2005 by The National Academy of Sciences. \n\nEdited by Marcus E. Raichle, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, and approved September 13, 2005 (received for review November 13, 2004). \n\nConflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared. \n\nWe thank Gaurav Srivastava, Michael D. Greicius, and Amy Garrett for their assistance. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants MH01142 (to A.L.R.) and HD40761 (to V.M.) and a Howard Hughes Summer Fellowship from the Department of Biological Sciences at Stanford University (to E.A.). \n\nAuthor contributions: E.A., D.M., V.M., and A.L.R. designed research; E.A. and D.M. performed research; V.M. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; E.A., D.M., B.J., and A.L.R. analyzed data; and E.A., D.M., and A.L.R. wrote the paper. \n\nThis paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.\n\nPublished - 16496.full.pdf
", "abstract": "With recent investigation beginning to reveal the cortical and subcortical neuroanatomical correlates of humor appreciation, the present event-related functional MRI (fMRI) study was designed to elucidate sex-specific recruitment of these humor related networks. Twenty healthy subjects (10 females) underwent fMRI scanning while subjectively rating 70 verbal and nonverbal achromatic cartoons as funny or unfunny. Data were analyzed by comparing blood oxygenation-level-dependent signal activation during funny and unfunny stimuli. Males and females share an extensive humor-response strategy as indicated by recruitment of similar brain regions: both activate the temporal-occipital junction and temporal pole, structures implicated in semantic knowledge and juxtaposition, and the inferior frontal gyrus, likely to be involved in language processing. Females, however, activate the left prefrontal cortex more than males, suggesting a greater degree of executive processing and language-based decoding. Females also exhibit greater activation of mesolimbic regions, including the nucleus accumbens, implying greater reward network response and possibly less reward expectation. These results indicate sex-specific differences in neural response to humor with implications for sex-based disparities in the integration of cognition and emotion.", "date": "2005-11-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "102", "number": "45", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "16496-16501", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-152702121", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-152702121", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH01142" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD40761" }, { "agency": "Stanford University" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.0408456102", "pmcid": "PMC1277963", "primary_object": { "basename": "16496.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tndt7-pgj16/files/16496.full.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Azim, Elman; Mobbs, Dean; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wdjbz-7z507", "eprint_id": 85085, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:10:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Hall-Scott", "name": { "family": "Hall", "given": "Scott" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3066-1937" } ] }, "title": "A Reply to Uttal (2004)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2005 Association for Behavior Analysis International.", "abstract": "In his article, Uttal (2004) lays forth several, rightly justified, caveats in the pursuit of elucidating the neural basis of higher cognitive functions using\nfunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Adding to the onslaught of criticism from cellular physiologists,\nUttal's central tenet is that the increased utilization of this new technology may be \"ill advised,\" and should\nbe replaced with more effort and time being directed towards a \"revitalized behaviorism.\" Although we agree with many of Uttal's views, we contend that it is not the methodology of fMRI itself but the application of fMRI to unravel more intangible cognitive phenomena that is ill advised. Specifically, we believe that Uttal has mistakenly disregarded the potential role that fMRI research could make in the advancement of behavioral science.", "date": "2005", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Behavior Analyst", "volume": "28", "number": "1", "publisher": "Association for Behavior Analysis International", "pagerange": "77-79", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-074709757", "issn": "0889-9401", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-074709757", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "pmcid": "PMC2755349", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean and Hall, Scott" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bypep-19x65", "eprint_id": 85092, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:44:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Garrett-A-S", "name": { "family": "Garrett", "given": "A. S." } }, { "id": "Menon-Vinod", "name": { "family": "Menon", "given": "V." } }, { "id": "Rose-Fred-E", "name": { "family": "Rose", "given": "F. E." } }, { "id": "Bellugi-Ursula", "name": { "family": "Bellugi", "given": "U." } }, { "id": "Reiss-Allan-L", "name": { "family": "Reiss", "given": "A. L." } } ] }, "title": "Anomalous brain activation during face and gaze processing in Williams syndrome", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2004 by AAN Enterprises, Inc. \n\nReceived July 17, 2003. Accepted in final form February 2, 2004. \n\nThe authors thank Dr. Julie Korenberg, Asya Karchemskiy, J. Eric Schmitt, Dr. Amy Lightbody, Cindy Johnston, and Katie McKenzie for help in data acquisition and analysis, and the volunteers for their participation in this study. \n\nSupported by the following grants from the National Institutes of Health: MH01142, MH50047, HD31715, HD33113, and HD40761.", "abstract": "OBJECTIVE: To investigate the discrete neural systems that underlie relatively preserved face processing skills in Williams syndrome (WS). \n\nMETHODS: The authors compared face and eye-gaze direction processing abilities in 11 clinically and genetically diagnosed WS subjects with 11 healthy age- and sex-matched controls, using functional MRI (fMRI). \n\nRESULTS: Compared to controls, WS subjects showed a strong trend toward being less accurate in determining the direction of gaze and had significantly longer response latencies. Significant increases in activation were observed in the right fusiform gyrus (FuG) and several frontal and temporal regions for the WS group. By comparison, controls showed activation in the bilateral FuG, occipital, and temporal lobes. Between-group analysis showed WS subjects to have more extensive activation in the right inferior, superior, and medial frontal gyri, anterior cingulate, and several subcortical regions encompassing the anterior thalamus and caudate. Conversely, controls had greater activation in the primary and secondary visual cortices. \n\nCONCLUSION: The observed patterns of activation in WS subjects suggest a preservation of neural functioning within frontal and temporal regions, presumably resulting from task difficulty or compensatory mechanisms. Persons with WS may possess impairments in visual cortical regions, possibly disrupting global-coherence and visuospatial aspects of face and gaze processing.", "date": "2004-06-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Neurology", "volume": "62", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Academy of Neurology", "pagerange": "2070-2076", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-104517334", "issn": "0028-3878", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-104517334", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH01142" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH50047" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD31715" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD33113" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD40761" } ] }, "doi": "10.1212/01.wnl.0000129536.95274.dc", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Mobbs, D.; Garrett, A. S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/21wdf-ghr05", "eprint_id": 85090, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:22:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Piggot-J", "name": { "family": "Piggot", "given": "Judith" } }, { "id": "Kwon-H", "name": { "family": "Kwon", "given": "Hower" } }, { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Blasey-C", "name": { "family": "Blasey", "given": "Christine" } }, { "id": "Lotspeich-L", "name": { "family": "Lotspeich", "given": "Linda" } }, { "id": "Menon-V", "name": { "family": "Menon", "given": "Vinod" } }, { "id": "Bookheimer-S-Y", "name": { "family": "Bookheimer", "given": "Susan" } }, { "id": "Reiss-A-L", "name": { "family": "Reiss", "given": "Allan L." } } ] }, "title": "Emotional Attribution in High-Functioning Individuals With Autistic Spectrum Disorder: A Functional Imaging Study", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "autism spectrum disorders emotion functional magnetic resonance imaging", "note": "\u00a9 2004 by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. \n\nAccepted 7 October 2003. \n\nFinancial support from M.I.N.D. Institute, NIH grants MH01142, MH50047, HD31715, MH64708, and a fellowship in basic research awarded to Dr. Piggot by the National Alliance of Autism Research. The authors thank Dr. Amy Garrett for help in manuscript preparation.", "abstract": "Objective: To determine whether expertise in the attribution of emotion from basic facial expressions in high-functioning individuals with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is supported by the amygdala, fusiform, and prefrontal regions of interest (ROI) and is comparable to that of typically developing individuals. \n\nMethod: Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 14 males with ASD and 10 matched adolescent controls while performing emotion match (EM) (perceptual), emotion label (EL) (linguistic), and control tasks. Accuracy, response time, and average activation were measured for each ROI. \n\nResults: There was no significant difference in accuracy, response time, or ROI activation between groups performing the EL task. The ASD group was as accurate as the control group performing the EM task but had a significantly longer response time and lower average fusiform activation. \n\nConclusions: Expertise in the attribution of emotion from basic facial expressions was task-dependent in the high-functioning ASD group. The hypothesis that the high-functioning ASD group would be less expert and would have reduced fusiform activation was supported in the perceptual task but not the linguistic task. The reduced fusiform activation in the perceptual task was not explained by reduced expertise; it is therefore concluded that reduced fusiform activation is associated with the diagnosis of ASD.", "date": "2004-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry", "volume": "43", "number": "4", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "473-480", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-092003625", "issn": "0890-8567", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-092003625", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH01142" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH50047" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "HD31715" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH64708" }, { "agency": "National Alliance of Autism Research" } ] }, "doi": "10.1097/00004583-200404000-00014", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Piggot, Judith; Kwon, Hower; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qs2xa-zn880", "eprint_id": 85086, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:37:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:08:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mobbs-D", "name": { "family": "Mobbs", "given": "Dean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1175-3772" }, { "id": "Greicius-M-D", "name": { "family": "Greicius", "given": "Michael D." } }, { "id": "Abdel-Azim-E", "name": { "family": "Abdel-Azim", "given": "Eiman" } }, { "id": "Menon-V", "name": { "family": "Menon", "given": "Vinod" } }, { "id": "Reiss-A-L", "name": { "family": "Reiss", "given": "Allan L." } } ] }, "title": "Humor Modulates the Mesolimbic Reward Centers", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2003 Cell Press. \n\nReceived 12 May 2003. Revised 13 August 2003. Accepted 22 October 2003. Available online 27 July 2004. Published: December 3, 2003. \n\nThe authors wish to thank Chris White, Nancy Adelman, and Gaurav Srivastava for their help in data acquisition and analysis. This study was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Health to A.L.R. (MH01142).", "abstract": "Humor plays an essential role in many facets of human life including psychological, social, and somatic functioning. Recently, neuroimaging has been applied to this critical human attribute, shedding light on the affective, cognitive, and motor networks involved in humor processing. To date, however, researchers have failed to demonstrate the subcortical correlates of the most fundamental feature of humor\u2014reward. In an effort to elucidate the neurobiological substrate that subserves the reward components of humor, we undertook a high-field (3 Tesla) event-related functional MRI study. Here we demonstrate that humor modulates activity in several cortical regions, and we present new evidence that humor engages a network of subcortical regions including the nucleus accumbens, a key component of the mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system. Further, the degree of humor intensity was positively correlated with BOLD signal intensity in these regions. Together, these findings offer new insight into the neural basis of salutary aspects of humor.", "date": "2003-12-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Neuron", "volume": "40", "number": "5", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1041-1048", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-080448140", "issn": "0896-6273", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180305-080448140", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "MH01142" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00751-7", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Mobbs, Dean; Greicius, Michael D.; et el." } ]