[ { "id": "authors:kse1n-6a913", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kse1n-6a913", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kse1n-6a913", "type": "monograph", "title": "Plasticity and invariance of Arabidopsis inflorescence and floral shoot apical meristems in response to mineral nutrients", "author": [ { "family_name": "Landrein", "given_name": "Benoit", "orcid": "0000-0002-2371-9996" }, { "family_name": "Abley", "given_name": "Katie", "orcid": "0000-0001-5524-6786" }, { "family_name": "Formosa-Jordan", "given_name": "Pau", "orcid": "0000-0003-3005-597X" }, { "family_name": "Meyerowitz", "given_name": "Elliot M.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4798-5153", "clpid": "Meyerowitz-E-M" }, { "family_name": "J\u00f6nsson", "given_name": "Henrik", "orcid": "0000-0003-2340-588X" }, { "family_name": "Locke", "given_name": "James C. W.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0670-1943" } ], "abstract": "

In many species, floral organ production is invariant while flower production rate can be plastic. This allows plants to adapt flower number to their environment whilst maintaining a constant flower structure. TheCLAVATA/WUSCHELfeedback loop underpins both inflorescence (IM) and floral meristem (FM) activity, respectively responsible for flower and floral organ production. We explore how plasticity and invariance can differ between IM and FM in response to nutrient availability. FM size is less sensitive to changes in nutrients than IM size, and floral organ production is insensitive to these small size changes. However,clavata3mutants display larger changes in FM size, approaching those observed in WT IM under nutrient change, with increased floral organ number. This suggests that invariant floral organ production requires that FM size undergoes limited changes in response to nutrients. Compared to the IM, in the FM, levels of cytokinin (CK) signaling are lower and CK signaling andWUSCHELexpression are less impacted by nutrient level. Through genetic perturbations, we show a reduced response of FMs to varying cytokinin levels. Our work shows one way that the balance between plasticity and invariance can be set differently in different contexts.

", "doi": "10.1101/2025.01.31.635844", "publisher": "bioRxiv", "publication_date": "2025-01-31" }, { "id": "authors:m111r-zr243", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "m111r-zr243", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230316-182110000.13", "type": "monograph", "title": "Dynamical states of self-organized waves in a giant single-celled organism feeding on light", "author": [ { "family_name": "Afik", "given_name": "Eldad", "orcid": "0000-0002-8887-2166", "clpid": "Afik-Eldad" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Toni J. B.", "clpid": "Liu-Toni-J-B" }, { "family_name": "Meyerowitz", "given_name": "Elliot M.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4798-5153", "clpid": "Meyerowitz-E-M" } ], "abstract": "Living systems often appear to act upon potential outcomes, exhibiting anticipatory behavior. Here we studyCaulerpa brachypus, a marine green alga consisting of differentiated organs resembling leaves, stems and roots. While an individual can exceed a meter in size, it is a single multinucleated giant cell. Our experimental work reveals self-organized waves of greenness \u2014 chloroplasts \u2014 that propagate throughout the alga and anticipate the day-night light cycle. Using dynamical systems analysis we show that these waves are coupled to a self-sustained oscillator, and demonstrate their entrainment to light. Under constant conditions we find that light intensity affects the natural period and can drive transition to temporal disorder. We find also that the rate of development of organs, and their shape and size, depend on light intensity and its temporal distribution. The findings suggest the waves and their environmental control as a link among biological oscillators, metabolism and morphogenesis.", "doi": "10.1101/2023.02.22.529174", "publication_date": "2023-02-23" }, { "id": "authors:y58yf-8z034", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "y58yf-8z034", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230316-182598000.45", "type": "monograph", "title": "Cytokinins regulate spatially-specific ethylene production to control root growth in Arabidopsis", "author": [ { "family_name": "Yamoune", "given_name": "Amel", "orcid": "0000-0002-5112-878X", "clpid": "Yamoune-Amel" }, { "family_name": "Zdarska", "given_name": "Marketa", "orcid": "0000-0002-5830-3122", "clpid": "Zdarska-Marketa" }, { "family_name": "Depaepe", "given_name": "Thomas", "orcid": "0000-0003-2656-3437", "clpid": "Depaepe-Thomas" }, { "family_name": "Korytarova", "given_name": "Anna", "clpid": "Korytarova-Anna" }, { "family_name": "Skalak", "given_name": "Jan", "orcid": "0000-0002-0784-499X", "clpid": "Skal\u00e1k-Jan" }, { "family_name": "Berendzen", "given_name": "Kenneth Wayne", "orcid": "0000-0001-9870-6164", "clpid": "Berendzen-Kenneth-W" }, { "family_name": "Mira-Rodado", "given_name": "Virtudes", "orcid": "0000-0003-0492-7885", "clpid": "Mira-Rodado-Virtudes" }, { "family_name": "Tarr", "given_name": "Paul", "orcid": "0000-0003-2977-3683", "clpid": "Tarr-Paul" }, { "family_name": "Spackova", "given_name": "Eliska", "clpid": "Spackova-Eliska" }, { "family_name": "Badurova", "given_name": "Lucia", "clpid": "Badurova-Lucia" }, { "family_name": "Parizkova", "given_name": "Barbora", "orcid": "0000-0002-8125-2271", "clpid": "Pa\u0159\u00edzkov\u00e1-Barbora" }, { "family_name": "Franczyk", "given_name": "Abigail", "clpid": "Franczyk-Abigail" }, { "family_name": "Kovacova", "given_name": "Ingrid", "clpid": "Kovacova-Ingrid" }, { "family_name": "Pernisova", "given_name": "Marketa", "orcid": "0000-0002-5803-2879", "clpid": "Pernisova-Marketa" }, { "family_name": "Novak", "given_name": "Ondrej", "orcid": "0000-0003-3452-0154", "clpid": "Novak-Ondrej" }, { "family_name": "Meyerowitz", "given_name": "Elliot", "orcid": "0000-0003-4798-5153", "clpid": "Meyerowitz-E-M" }, { "family_name": "Harter", "given_name": "Klaus", "orcid": "0000-0002-2150-6970", "clpid": "Harter-Klaus" }, { "family_name": "Van Der Straeten", "given_name": "Dominique", "orcid": "0000-0002-7755-1420", "clpid": "Van-Der-Straeten-Dominique" }, { "family_name": "Hej\u00e1tko", "given_name": "Jan", "orcid": "0000-0002-2622-6046", "clpid": "Hej\u00e1tko-Jan" } ], "abstract": "The two principal growth regulators cytokinins and ethylene are known to interact in the regulation of plant growth. However, information about underlying molecular mechanism and positional specificity of the cytokinin/ethylene crosstalk in root growth control is scarce. We have identified spatial specificity of cytokinin-regulated root elongation and root apical meristem (RAM) size, both of which we demonstrate to be ethylene biosynthesis-dependent. Upregulation of the cytokinin biosynthetic gene ISOPENTENYLTRANSFERASE(IPT) in proximal and peripheral tissues leads to both root and RAM shortening. In contrast, IPTactivation in distal and inner tissues reduces RAM size while leaving the root length comparable to mock-treated controls. We show that cytokinins regulate two steps specific to ethylene biosynthesis, the production of ACC by ACC SYNTHASEs (ACSs), and its conversion to ethylene by ACC OXIDASEs (ACOs). We describe cytokinin- and ethylene-specific regulation controlling the activity of ACSs and ACOs that are spatially discrete along both proximo/distal and radial root axes. Using direct ethylene measurements, we identifyACO2, ACO3andACO4as being responsible for ethylene biosynthesis and the ethylene-regulated root and RAM shortening in cytokinin-treated Arabidopsis. Finally, we describe the tight cooperation between cytokinin and ethylene signaling in cytokinin-induced, ethylene-regulated control ofACO4due to the direct interaction between ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR 2 (ARR2), a member of the multistep phosphorelay cascade and the C-terminal portion of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2-C), a key regulator of canonical ethylene signaling.", "doi": "10.1101/2023.01.07.522790", "publication_date": "2023-01-08" }, { "id": "authors:mnked-pxm13", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mnked-pxm13", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191007-135703984", "type": "monograph", "title": "Live imaging-assisted domain-specific CRISPR genome editing at single cell resolution in plants", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Ting", "orcid": "0000-0001-8273-5593", "clpid": "Li-Ting" }, { "family_name": "Yan", "given_name": "An", "orcid": "0000-0002-4676-5442", "clpid": "Yan-An" }, { "family_name": "Meyerowitz", "given_name": "Elliot M.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4798-5153", "clpid": "Meyerowitz-E-M" } ], "abstract": "CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology has been widely used for genome engineering in a wide range of organisms, but much of the development of CRISPR-based genome editing has been aimed toward improving its efficiency and accuracy, so as to obtain genetic materials carrying known and stably heritable genome modifications. Precise spatiotemporal control over genome editing technology at cell type resolution is a key challenge for gene function studies. Some tissue-specific CRISPR genome editing methods relying on phenotypic characterization and fluorescent immune-staining techniques have been developed for biomedical research and gene therapy, they function by spatially controlling expression of Cas9. Recent work establishes the presence and location of mutational events at a single cell level in Arabidopsis roots and stomata. Here we present an efficient domain-specific CRISPR-Cas9 system combined with a high resolution live-imaging based screening strategy, applied in the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the system we investigate PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) protein functions in tissue morphogenesis and PIN1 mechanical stress response in a cell layer-specific fashion. We find that reported failure to generate new primordia in epidermal PIN1 knockout SAMs is due to a reduction in mechanical stress differences in the sub-epidermal layer. The methods described are applicable to spatial-temporal gene manipulation in plants.", "doi": "10.1101/793240", "publication_date": "2019-10-04" }, { "id": "authors:s4pjj-ghk33", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "s4pjj-ghk33", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161201-145254787", "type": "monograph", "title": "Tessellations and Pattern Formation in Plant Growth and Development", "author": [ { "family_name": "Shapiro", "given_name": "Bruce E.", "clpid": "Shapiro-B-E" }, { "family_name": "J\u00f6nsson", "given_name": "Henrik", "orcid": "0000-0003-2340-588X", "clpid": "J\u00f6nsson-H" }, { "family_name": "Sahlin", "given_name": "Patrick", "clpid": "Sahlin-P" }, { "family_name": "Heisler", "given_name": "Marcus", "orcid": "0000-0001-5644-8398", "clpid": "Heisler-M-G" }, { "family_name": "Roeder", "given_name": "Adrienne", "clpid": "Roeder-A-H-K" }, { "family_name": "Burl", "given_name": "Michael", "clpid": "Burl-M-C" }, { "family_name": "Meyerowitz", "given_name": "Elliot M.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4798-5153", "clpid": "Meyerowitz-E-M" }, { "family_name": "Mjolsness", "given_name": "Eric D.", "clpid": "Mjolsness-E" } ], "abstract": "The shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a dome-shaped collection of cells at the apex of growing plants from which all above-ground tissue ultimately derives. In Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress), a small flowering weed of the Brassi-caceae family (related to mustard and cabbage), the SAM typically contains some three to five hundred cells that range from five to ten microns in diameter. These cells are organized into several distinct zones that maintain their topological and functional relationships throughout the life of the plant. As the plant grows, organs (primordia) form on its surface flanks in a phyllotactic pattern that develop into new shoots, leaves, and flowers. Cross-sections through the meristem reveal a pattern of polygonal tessellation that is suggestive of Voronoi diagrams derived from the centroids of cellular nuclei. In this chapter we explore some of the properties of these patterns within the meristem and explore the applicability of simple, standard mathematical models of their geometry.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1209.2937", "publication_date": "2012-09-13" } ]