[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rq512-c5p26", "eprint_id": 103194, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:22:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:20:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "McKee-S-C", "name": { "family": "McKee", "given": "Seth C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9889-6532" }, { "id": "Gillespie-A", "name": { "family": "Gillespie", "given": "Andra" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8640-0552" }, { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5261-2859" }, { "id": "Nunnally-S-C", "name": { "family": "Nunnally", "given": "Shayla C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1855-9676" } ] }, "title": "A Discussion of Avidit Acharya, Matthew Blackwell, and Maya Sen's Deep Roots: How Slavery Still Shapes Southern Politics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2020 American Political Science Association. \n\nPublished online by Cambridge University Press: 17 February 2020. \n\nBook review of: Deep Roots: How Slavery Still Shapes Southern Politics. By Avidit Acharya, Matthew Blackwell, and Maya Sen.\nPrinceton: Princeton University Press, 2018. 296p. $29.95 cloth, $22.95 paper.", "abstract": "If the election of Donald Trump has proven anything indisputably, it is that the notion of America as a \"postracial\" society in the aftermath of the Obama presidency is a canard. Yet how should we understand the specific pattern of race's persistent salience in US politics? In Deep Roots, Avidit Acharya, Matthew Blackwell, and Maya Sen argue that it is the long legacy of chattel slavery that continues to shape politics in the US South in distinctive fashion. Comparing regions that were once marked by slavery with those that were not, the authors develop the concept of \"behavioral path dependence\" to describe the production and reproduction of a political culture marked by intergenerational racial prejudice. They argue that this legacy continues to shape US politics today in a fashion that is both understandable and predictable with the tools of empirical political science. We asked several scholars with expertise on politics and race, US political development, and political behavior to address this controversial argument.", "date": "2020-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Perspectives on Politics", "volume": "18", "number": "1", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "pagerange": "209-210", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200514-081930161", "issn": "1537-5927", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200514-081930161", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "McKee, Seth C.; Gillespie, Andra; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hjdkh-6df79", "eprint_id": 82814, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:09:38", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:48:02", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Consequences of Disfranchisement: Race and Class Discrimination in North Carolina, 1880-1910", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "For presentation at the American Historical Association Convention, December 30, 1974\n\n
Submitted - sswp69.pdf
", "abstract": "[No abstract]", "date": "2017-10-31", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171031-141412703", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171031-141412703", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/hjdkh-6df79", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp69.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hjdkh-6df79/files/sswp69.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v416h-0xq11", "eprint_id": 82779, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:40:00", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:47:23", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The \"New Political History\": A Methodological Critique", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "I wish to thank Allan. G. Bogue of the University of Wisconsin and my Caltech colleagues, John Ferejohn, Mo Fiorina, David. Grether, Dan Kevles, and Forrest Nelson for their most helpful comments, some of which I rejected, no doubt at my peril. They are not, therefore, responsible for any remaining blunders or infelicities. \n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan (1976) The \"New Political History\": A Methodological Critique. Reviews in American History, 4. pp. 1-14.\n\nSubmitted - sswp105.pdf
", "abstract": "In a recent review article, one of the leading figures of the \"new political history,\" Samuel P. Hays, argued that \"a preoccupation with technique\" on the part of both critics and defenders of the genre has obscured the more important advances it had brought to the discipline the reformulation of historical concepts and the substitution of \"systematic\" for \"intuitive\" tests of hypotheses. \"The social research movement,\" he concluded, \"critically needs to take stock of itself, seriously debate where it is going, and move from its initial enthusiasm with techniques to a concern for methods and theory.\"", "date": "2017-10-30", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171030-134412329", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171030-134412329", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/v416h-0xq11", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp105.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v416h-0xq11/files/sswp105.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5da6m-1ec18", "eprint_id": 82742, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:00:37", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:46:54", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Agenda for \"Social Science History\"", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Paper given at Social Science History Association Meeting, April 23-24, 1976, Madison, Wisconsin. \n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan (1977) The Agenda for \"Social Science History\". Social Science History, 1 (3). pp. 383-391.\n\nSubmitted - sswp127.pdf
", "abstract": "I want to take as my texts today statements made to me in correspondence and conversation by two senior quantitative historians. Each statement illustrates what I believe to be misjudgments about the proper methodological priorities for quantitative historians in America today. To spare these historians from publicity which their casual statements were not intended to invite, but mostly to protect myself against reprisal, I shall not name them here.", "date": "2017-10-30", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171027-140755168", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171027-140755168", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/5da6m-1ec18", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp127.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5da6m-1ec18/files/sswp127.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cjx2p-9bv62", "eprint_id": 82328, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:04:49", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:42:35", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Progressivism for Middle-Class Whites Only: The Distribution of Taxation and Expenditures for Education in North Carolina, 1880-1910", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Taxes, Property taxes, White people, African Americans, Balance of payments, Disenfranchisement, Progressivism, Poll taxes, Public education, Political parties", "note": "Revised. Originally dated to September 1977. \n\nResearch for this article was sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities Gr ant R0-9980-74-140. I presented an earlier version at the American Historical Association Convention in December, 1974. I want to thank Allan Bogue, Bruce Cain, Lance Davis, John Ferejohn, Morris Fiorina, Robert Fogel, David Grether, Daniel Kevles, Allan Lichtman, Gary Miller, Forrest Nelson, and Roger Noll for aid in revising the paper. Naturally, neither NEH nor my colleagues bear any responsibility for the conclusions or any errors that remain. \n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"Progressivism-For Middle-Class Whites Only: North Carolina Education, 1880-1910.\" The Journal of Southern History 46.2 (1980): 169-194.\n\nSubmitted - sswp177_-_revised.pdf
", "abstract": "[No abstract]", "date": "2017-10-24", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171012-160152578", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171012-160152578", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/cjx2p-9bv62", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp177_-_revised.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cjx2p-9bv62/files/sswp177_-_revised.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fxg2x-m5b57", "eprint_id": 82562, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:17:27", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:45:05", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Separate but Not Equal: The Supreme Court's First Decision on Racial Discrimination in Schools", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Research for this paper was partially supported by the Arnold L. and Lois S. Graves Award and by research funds from the Division of Humanities and Social Sciences at Caltech. I owe a great deal of thanks to several people who provided me with information and leads to further information: Professor Edward J. Cashin of Augusta College, Mr. Joseph B. Cumming, Mrs. Virginia de Treville of the Augusta College Library, and especially Mrs. Mary Harper Ingram. \n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"Separate but not equal: The Supreme Court's first decision on racial discrimination in schools.\" The Journal of Southern History 46.1 (1980): 17-44.\n\nSubmitted - sswp204.pdf
", "abstract": "[No abstract].", "date": "2017-10-24", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171020-165143966", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171020-165143966", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Arnold L. and Lois S. Graves Award" }, { "agency": "Caltech Division of Humanities and Social Sciences" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/fxg2x-m5b57", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp204.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fxg2x-m5b57/files/sswp204.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mwqcw-y6c59", "eprint_id": 82514, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:37:11", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:44:25", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Making Separate Equal: The Integration of Black and White School Funds in Kentucky, 1882", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Voting, Legislators, Equalization, Referendums, Political parties, Taxes, Mathematical independent variables, Children, Liberalism, Racism", "note": "Presented at the Southern Historical Association Convention, St. Louis, Missouri, November 11, 1978. I want to thank my colleague Forrest Nelson for introducing me to logit, shepherding the computerized analysis, and straightening out my, alas, too numerous, confusions. Any remaining errors are my own fault. \n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"Making separate equal: integration of black and white school funds in Kentucky.\" The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 10.3 (1980): 399-428.\n\nSubmitted - sswp233.pdf
", "abstract": "On August 6, 1882, the Kentucky electorate, 84 percent of which was white, approved by a 54 to 46 percent margin a referendum proposal to increase school property taxes for whites by 10 percent in order to triple state-level educational expenditures for black children, thereby bringing them up to the same amount as white expenditures. Passage of the measure equalizing state spending, which accounted for about 64 percent of the total amount allocated to public primary and secondary schools in Kentucky in the 1880s, was, according to state school superintendent Joshua Desha Pickett, \"the most remarkable fact in the school history of Kentucky.\"\nWhy did this referendum, an event not directly paralleled, so far as I know, in any other Southern state, take place? What does the passage of the proposal indicate about attitudes toward blacks and black education held by various segments of the Kentucky electorate blacks themselves, as well as white Republicans and various factions of the Democracy? How did the equalization issue fit into the larger, ongoing political struggles in Kentucky and the South? By bringing both quantitative and impressionistic evidence to bear on these questions, I hope in this paper to illuminate at least one important and previously almost unnoticed corner of the largely murky political and educational history of the border states, as well as to demonstrate the usefulness of a statistical technique--Logit analysis--which has so far escaped the attention of historians.", "date": "2017-10-19", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171019-142019007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171019-142019007", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/mwqcw-y6c59", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp233.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mwqcw-y6c59/files/sswp233.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qv3zb-xt356", "eprint_id": 82396, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:28:30", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:43:34", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Quantitative Social-Scientific History", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "I want to thank my colleagues John F. Benton, Lance E. Davis, Nicholas Dirks, Daniel J. Kevles, and Terrence McDonald for comments on this essay, although they would not want to be held responsible for the resulting document.\nMy general viewpoint and many specific points so closely parallel those in the excellent set of review essays edited by Allan G. Bogue and Jerome M. Clubb for American Behavioral Scientist, XXI (1977), 163-310, especially Bogue and Clubb's \"History, Quantification, and the Social Sciences,\" ibid., 167-86, that I can no longer sort out those ideas which I had independently from those I stole from that set of essays. To avoid repetition I shall display the fruits of this burglary without further acknowledgement. \n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"Quantitative social-scientific history.\" The past before us: Contemporary historical writing in the US (1980): 433-456.\n\nSubmitted - sswp272.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantitative social science launched its invasion of American history during the years 1957 to 1961. In 1957, Lee Benson, a historian schooled in sociology, published a sweeping critique of \"impressionistic\" treatments of nineteenth-century American elections and called on historians to expand their definition of primary sources beyond newspapers and manuscripts to include quantifiable data. Four years later Benson added practice to preachment, relying heavily on a quantitative analysis of election returns to produce a brilliant and original interpretation of American politics in the 1830s and 40s. In a paper delivered in 1957, two Harvard economists, Alfred H. Conrad and John R. Meyer, reinvigorated the discussion of an old historical problem and initiated the new \"econometric history\" by demonstrating the profitability both of slavery and of applying modern economic theory and techniques to history. By 1960, the \"cliometricians,\" as they were jibingly labeled, were holding annual conferences at Purdue to coordinate research efforts and criticize each other's papers. A year before, the historian Merle Curti, assisted by several other historians and his psychologist wife, Margaret, published a quantitative historical study of community social structure and mobility, which, along with the work of Stephan Thernstrom, inspired legions of students to take up the \"new social history.\"", "date": "2017-10-17", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171016-162722880", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171016-162722880", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/qv3zb-xt356", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp272.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qv3zb-xt356/files/sswp272.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pnm87-vjj24", "eprint_id": 82329, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:05:38", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:42:36", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "History QUASSHed, 1957-1980", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "I want to thank my colleague Lance E. Davis for forcing me to clarify some of my murky thinking and for warning me of some of the gravest of my errors. He is hereby absolved from further responsibility.\n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan (1980) \"History QUASSHed: Quantitative Social Scientific History in Perspective.\" American Behavioral Scientist, 23 (6). pp. 855-904.\n\nSubmitted - sswp309.pdf
", "abstract": "Social scientists and historians trained in social science began importing quantitative methods and explicit models into history in the late 1950s. At first, many disciplinary leaders stoutly resisted the trend, but in the 1960s and 70s the major historical journals became increasingly receptive to statistical and mathematical pieces and the range and importance of work by quantifiers became impossible for historians to ignore. What defines the new subfield, how healthy is it, and where is it likely to go in the future? A review of recent work on critical elections, geographic mobility, and postbellum Southern economic history suggests that QUAntitative Social Scientific History (QUASSH) has the usual adolescent traumas, but that the diagnosis is favorable and the recommended therapy is an increase in the time spent contemplating the connections between theory and methods and more contact with mainline historians.", "date": "2017-10-16", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171012-160159613", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171012-160159613", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/pnm87-vjj24", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp309.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pnm87-vjj24/files/sswp309.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/krr7j-amk10", "eprint_id": 82354, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:42:57", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:43:05", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cox-G-W", "name": { "family": "Cox", "given": "Gary W." } }, { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Turnout and Rural Corruption: New York as a Test Case", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published as Cox, Gary W. and Kousser, J. Morgan (1981) Turnout and Rural Corruption: New York as a Test Case. American Journal of Political Science, 25 (4). pp. 646-663.\n\nSubmitted - sswp292.pdf
", "abstract": "In a set of articles in the 1974 American Political Science Review, Philip Converse and Jerrold Rusk offered an institutional, and Walter Dean Burnham, a behavioral explanation of the decline in voter turnout in the Northern United States around the turn of the century. An examination of turnout figures for New York state from 1870 to 1916 demonstrates that election statistics lend some support to both theories, and that the elections around the year 1890 provide the strongest evidence in favor of the Converse-Rusk hypothesis. A systematic analysis of election-related stories in contemporary newspapers allows a test of Converse's assertion that the introduction of the secret ballot decreased reported turnout by damping down what he alleges was widespread rural corruption. Concluding that neither previous theory stands up well when confronted with the detailed voting figures and newspaper evidence, we propose an alternative explanation which melds the institutional and behavioral hypotheses.", "date": "2017-10-16", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171013-164221886", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171013-164221886", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/krr7j-amk10", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp292.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/krr7j-amk10/files/sswp292.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Cox, Gary W. and Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d479n-a1r36", "eprint_id": 82270, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:14:48", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:42:13", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "On Restoring Politics to Political History", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"Restoring politics to political history.\" The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 12.4 (1982): 569-595.\n\nSubmitted - sswp322.pdf
", "abstract": "Social, and to a lesser extent, economic history have recently become so professionally popular and have made such inroads into political history that political history has not only been dethroned as the center of the discipline, but has had its very existence as a subject of independent inquiry threatened. Seeking to extend the range of political history to include the connection between electoral behavior and governmental policy by importing the \"policy outputs\" approach from political science, several recent works have accentuated this nonpolitical trend in political history. Reviewing the policy outputs literature and relating it to the sub-field of \"spatial modeling\" in political science, I attempt to point the way to a more complex and theoretical approach to the electorate-policy relationship, and by emphasizing the importance of institutional rules and candidate strategies, to inject politics back into political history. The approach is briefly applied to the politics of education in turn-of-the-century North Carolina.", "date": "2017-10-11", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171010-160056273", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171010-160056273", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/d479n-a1r36", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp322.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d479n-a1r36/files/sswp322.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pad86-efw83", "eprint_id": 82012, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:54:37", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:39:16", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cox-G-W", "name": { "family": "Cox", "given": "Gary W." } }, { "id": "Galenson-D-W", "name": { "family": "Galenson", "given": "David W." } }, { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Log-Linear Analysis of Contingency Tables: An Introduction for Historians with an application to Thernstrom on the \"Floating Proletariat\"", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published as Kousser, J. Morgan, Gary W. Cox, and David W. Galenson. \"Log-linear analysis of contingency tables: An introduction for historians with an application to Thernstrom on the \"Floating Proletariat\".\" Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 15.4 (1982): 152-169.\n\nSubmitted - sswp417.pdf
", "abstract": "For historians or other social scientists whose data is available in discreet (nominal- or ordinal-level) form, recently developed \"log-linear\" multivariate statistical techniques offer considerable advantages over commonsensical devices and are in many respects superior to such multivariate methods as multiple classification analysis, weighted least-squares, and logit. Reanalyzing Thernstrom's Boston data on geographic mobility, we explain the ideas behind and the procedure of log-linear analysis explicitly, step-by-step. Intended for people who are already somewhat familiar with statistics (say, through multiple regression), the paper is self-contained and as simple as we could make it. After reading it carefully, one should be well prepared to perform such an analysis himself. Substantively, we sketch a simple economic model which points to age as an important determinant of the decision to move or stay, and our results cast doubt on Thernstrom's tentatively offered notion of a \"floating proletariat.\"", "date": "2017-10-04", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171003-152223033", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171003-152223033", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/pad86-efw83", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp417.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pad86-efw83/files/sswp417.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Cox, Gary W.; Galenson, David W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tn9b5-scc70", "eprint_id": 81855, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:24:26", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:38:03", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Revivalism of Narrative: A Response to Recent Criticisms of Quantitative History", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Social science history, Narrative history, Social sciences, Economic history, Narratives, Historians, Narrative modes, United States history, Military history, Regression coefficients", "note": "This paper was delivered at the First International Conference on Quantitative History, Washington, D.C., March 1982, and at the California State University, Fullerton.\n\nSubmitted - sswp453.pdf
", "abstract": "Despite the continued and perhaps even increased productivity of quantitative social scientific historians (QUASSU, for short) and certain evidences of their acceptance by the historical profession, a reaction against QUASSH, first bruited shortly after the initial quantitative work was published, also continues. Calls for a return to the narrative tradition or suggestions that historians are returning to it, recently made by such leaders of the profession as Lawrence Stone and Bernard Bailyn, have begun to percolate down to the popular media. Rather than dismiss the criticisms of QUASSU out of hand, I attempt in this paper to categorize and answer them. Finding the objections misconceived, illogical, incomplete, or overstated, I examine also a proposal by Theodore Rabb to substitute a criterion of general quality for a consensus on methods. I find it difficult to believe that groups who begin from such different premises as QUASSH and some, but of course not all non-QUASSH historians, will agree on a \"quality\" criterion. Thus, it is unlikely that the schism will be quickly healed or that a respectful latitudinarianism will soon develop.", "date": "2017-09-26", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170926-152428207", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170926-152428207", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/tn9b5-scc70", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp453.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tn9b5-scc70/files/sswp453.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gxt8w-d2s10", "eprint_id": 81776, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:54:57", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:37:25", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Suffrage", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published as Kousser, J. Morgan (1984) Suffrage. In: Encyclopedia of American Political History. Vol.3. Scribner, New York, pp. 1236-1258.\n\nSubmitted - sswp471.pdf
", "abstract": "The history of suffrage and political participation in America has been less concerned with principles and is less a tale of unreversed expansion than it is sometimes held to be. Beginning with the 1430 adoption of the 40 shilling freeholder standard in England, I trace major developments in suffrage theories and laws and in actual political participation through the 1982amendments to the Voting Rights Act and that year's Congressional elections.\nIn a country of plentiful land and dear labor, the vast majority of white men who lived long enough could expect eventually to accumulate sufficient wealth to meet the property qualifications for voting. Restrictions were only loosely enforced, anyway, especially in close elections. In some cases women and blacks were allowed to cast ballots. Nevertheless, in few elections in the colonial and early national periods did as many as half of the white adult males vote, Variations in the competitiveness of the elections seem to have been the major determinant of differences in turnout within the qualified electorate during this period.\nThe clearest illustrations of arguments over philosophical principles and jostlings for partisan advantage occur in the struggles over black and woman suffrage. Beliefs in the genetic or cultural inferiority of the racially and sexually excluded classes were less important in influencing when (though perhaps not whether) each won or lost the franchise than were the consequences of inclusion or exclusion for political parties and other relevant groups. The overwhelming black preference for the Republicans guaranteed their relatively early enfranchisement and disenfranchisement, while the lack of a predictable partisan bias among women delayed the vote for them, but once it was granted, reduced incentives for either party to attack it.\nThe three major trends in turnout in the U. S. over the last century\u2014the large decline in southern and the smaller decrease in northern participation around 1900, the growth in southern voting rates since World War II, and the falling off of turnout outside the South since 1960\u2014have each become the subject of considerable scholarly controversy. While it is clear that the late nineteenth century southern voting depression was primarily the result of legal restrictions, rather than of a deterioration in competition or of other factors, research on the north has not yet come to a generally accepted conclusion on the same issues. In any case, the \"laws\" versus \"competition\" controversies have rested on a false dichotomy, for the two generally interact. Thus, the post-1945 rise in southern voting is the result not only of changes in statutes\u2014the national decision to enforce the Fifteenth Amendment\u2014but also of alterations in behavior by the parties and by both black and white southern voters. As in many such matters, the smallest and perhaps least permanent change\u2014the decrease in non-southern participation since 1960\u2014has generated the most heat and the least agreement. After surveying the relevant political science literature, I conclude that the decrease is best explained by a set of singular circumstances and that it is probably evanescent.", "date": "2017-09-25", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170922-152739492", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170922-152739492", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/gxt8w-d2s10", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp471.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gxt8w-d2s10/files/sswp471.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e9rps-t4827", "eprint_id": 81625, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:47:00", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:31:14", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Voters, Absent and Present: A Review Essay", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published as J. Morgan Kousser, \"Review Essay: Voters, Absent and Present,\" Social Science History 9 (Spring): 215-26\n\nSubmitted - sswp519.pdf
", "abstract": "A review of two recent books on the history of voting participation in America displays some of the conceptual and methodological advances as well as some of the frailties which are characteristic of the \"new political history.\" After summarizing the explanations which Bumbarn and Kleppner offer for the collapse of northern white turnout in the early part of the twentieth century, its partial revival during the 1930s, and its decline since 1960, I evaluate the theories and methods they use in order to determine how well-founded their conclusions are. Adopting a rational choice-inspired standpoint rather than their sociological approaches suggests interpretations of the early twentieth century and 1960-1980 changes which are somewhat at variance with theirs.", "date": "2017-09-20", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170920-132151472", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170920-132151472", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/e9rps-t4827", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp519.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e9rps-t4827/files/sswp519.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/smz30-khx98", "eprint_id": 81371, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:25:11", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:27:41", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Chapter I: The Supremacy of Equal Rights", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"Supremacy of Equal Rights: The Struggle against Racial Discrimination in Antebellum Massachusetts and the Foundations of the Fourteenth Amendment.\" Nw. UL Rev. 82 (1987): 941.\n\nSubmitted - sswp620.pdf
", "abstract": "The black and white abolitionist agitation of the school integration issue in Massachusetts from 1840 to 1855 gave us the first school integration case filed in America, the first state Supreme Court decision reported on the issue, and the first state-wide law banning racial discrimination in admission to educational institutions. Who favored and who opposed school integration, and what arguments did each side make? Were the types of arguments that they offered different in different forums? Were they different from 20th century arguments? Why did the movement triumph, and why did it take so long to do so? What light does the struggle throw on views on race relations held by members of the antebellum black and white communities, on the character of the abolitionist movement, and on the development of legal doctrines about racial equality? Perhaps more generally, how should historians go about assessing the weight of different reasons that policymakers adduced for their actions, and how flawed is a legal history that confines itself to strictly legal materials? How can social scientific theory and statistical techniques be profitably applied to politico-legal history? Part of a larger project on the history of court cases and state and local provisions on racial discrimination in schools, this paper introduces many of the main themes, issues, and methods to be employed in the rest of the book.", "date": "2017-09-15", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170912-140126509", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170912-140126509", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/smz30-khx98", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp620.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/smz30-khx98/files/sswp620.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g1wms-6dh93", "eprint_id": 81471, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:56:24", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:29:00", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Must Historians Regress? An Answer to Lee Benson", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Several friends were kind enough to read an earlier version of this paper, and to save me from errors or offer advice and assistance: Robert H. Bates, Stanley L. Engerman, Robert William Fogel, David Grether, D. Roderick Kiewiet, Paul Kleppner, Allan J. Lichtman, and R. Douglas Rivers. My favorite gravestone epitaph reads: \"She did what she could.\" So did these readers. They are therefore beyond further blame. \n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"Must Historians Regress? An Answer to Lee Benson.\" Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 19.2 (1986): 62-81.\n\nSubmitted - sswp580.pdf
", "abstract": "In a recent symposium published in Historical Methods, Lee Beneon, once a forceful proponent of more systematic methods and models in history, announced that it had all been a mistake. Applied to human affairs, Occam's Razor merely result a in useless carnage. Women are too complex and contradictory to fit in to any simple theories, much less laws, and any attempt to formulate or test any such statements merely misleads. To redeem social science and save the world, we should abandon the attempt to postulate abstract, value-free, and often mathematicized hypotheses and to validate them through the use of sophisticated statistical techniques. Instead, we should return to a Marxism cleansed of the notion of class conflict, and to a combination of easy arithmetic methods that everyone can understand and careful analysis of qualitative data.\nIn his 1961 Concept of Jacksonian Democracy, Benson now claims, he was wrong to adopt the ideas of voting cycles from economics, because the polity is more complicated than the economy, and to pretend that he had arrived at this conclusions on the basis of \"hard\" data, when he had used a mixture of qualitative and quantitative information. That historians have been wrong to adopt regression analysis to relate aggregate voting to socioeconomic indices he attempts to demonstrate by commenting on one table from my Shaping of Southern Politics.\nNone of Benson's contention s except his mea culpa will stand up to rigorous examination. His conception of science is distorted, the economy is more complex than he imagines, and an extensive analysis of his scattershot critique of my table and of regression analysis reveals that he is wrong in every p articular. His charges of scholarly irresponsibility collapse when set against his own practice. Indeed, it seems possible that he found no evidence of a class basis for political divisions in Concept because he used a poor measure of it and performed no systematic multivariate tests.\nBenson's general anti-scientific stance would force historians and social scientists to abjure the use of powerful methods and theories, would make generalizations and the replication of results impossible, and would cause history needlessly to regress to a pre-scientific stage. The fallacy has not been in our mistransference of scientific modes of thought and analysis, but in his own misunderstanding, misconceptions, and mistaken arguments.", "date": "2017-09-15", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170914-165402310", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170914-165402310", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/g1wms-6dh93", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp580.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g1wms-6dh93/files/sswp580.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bygxx-n4f38", "eprint_id": 81494, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:56:28", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:29:10", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Speculation or Specification? A Note on Flanigan and Zingale", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Voting, Social science history, Statistical estimation, Ecological modeling, Environmental social sciences, Mathematical independent variables, Regression coefficients, Ecology, Correlations, Statistical models", "note": "Published as Kousser, J. Morgan (1986) Speculation or Specification? A Note on Flanigan and Zingale : Comment and Debate On Flanigan's and Zingale's \"Alchemist's Gold\". Social Science History, 10 (1). pp. 71-84.\n\nSubmitted - sswp575.pdf
", "abstract": "Flanigan and Zingale's \"Alchemists' Gold\" reviewed the classic problem of inferring individual-level relationships from aggregate data, attacked the specification error approach to it, and sought to replace Goodman's ecological regression with an informal and largely untestable procedure first proposed by Shively in 1974. They illustrated the Shively strategy by comparing evidence from the national CPS/SRC survey to state-level aggregate data from the 1968 and 1972 elections.\nIn this note, I seek to show that their criticisms are misconceived and that ecological regression can, in many typical circumstances, lead to acceptably precise and much less vague judgments about the individual relationships than the method that Flanigan and Zingale promoted. I spell out, apparently for the first time in the cliometric literature, the mechanisms for using data on other variables in order to improve the estimates of the parameters of principal interest, and employ these techniques to recalculate the way 1968 major party voters behaved in the 1972 U.S. presidential election. The multivariate ecological regression figures come pleasingly close to reproducing the \"true\" percentages of loyalists and defectors drawn from the survey. Making use of all the available data and of well-developed and powerful statistical tests, ecological regression is far preferable to the Shively tactic.", "date": "2017-09-15", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170915-142001159", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170915-142001159", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/bygxx-n4f38", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp575.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bygxx-n4f38/files/sswp575.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/03fab-n7693", "eprint_id": 81470, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:56:16", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:28:58", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Toward \"Total Political History\"", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Political science, Political history, Political parties, Political elections, Slavery, Voting, Rational choice theory, Political candidates, Voting behavior, Social choice", "note": "Revised. Original dated to September 1985. \n\nSeveral friends have taken the time to give me very helpful readings of previous drafts of this essay: David Hollinger, Martin Ridge, Darrett Rutman, Allan Spitzer, Charles Tilly, and Louise Tilly. I have benefited from their suggestions as well as from those of the audiences at the 16th International Congress of Historical Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany, August, 1985, and the University of Maryland, College Park, where earlier versions were delivered. \n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"Toward\" Total Political History\": A Rational-Choice Research Program.\" The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 20.4 (1990): 521-560.\n\nSubmitted - sswp581_-_revised.pdf
", "abstract": "How is the segmented and disoriented world of contemporary historical scholarship, in particular, that of American political history, to be reintegrated and revived? Instead of imposing a substantive synthesis, which would narrow the discipline's focus by excluding many interesting topics, I propose that historians adopt a common approach--rational choice theory--that has proven useful in economics and political science.\nUsing notions drawn from rational choice and examples primarily from the American Civil War and Reconstruction period, I examine the assumptions behind and arguments for three theories in intellectual/cultural history--republicanism, \"political culture,\" and positive/negative liberalism. I then try to spell out some of the implications of rational choice models for the study of electoral, legislative, judicial, and administrative behavior.", "date": "2017-09-15", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170914-164531615", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170914-164531615", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/03fab-n7693", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp581_-_revised.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/03fab-n7693/files/sswp581_-_revised.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wpg3c-c1e71", "eprint_id": 81318, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:29:28", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:27:15", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Expert Witnesses and Intent", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Prepared for delivery at Ohio State University, April 24, 1987.\n\nSubmitted - sswp635.pdf
", "abstract": "How should a historian or a judicial scholar try to determine the intent of defendants in a racial or sex discrimination lawsuit, or the framers of a law or constitutional provision? What can we learn by examining paradigm cases from the employment and voting rights areas, and the classic case of the intentions of the framers of the Fourteenth Amendment?\nMaking use of models drawn from statistics and from rational choice theory, I examine the general contours of the Sears sex discrimination case, a voting rights suit from Selma, Alabama, and Raoul Berger's attempt to nullify Fourteenth Amendment jurisprudence in his Government by Judiciary. Sears' and Berger's methods and evidentiary conventions are shown to lead to biased results.", "date": "2017-09-11", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170911-145616658", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170911-145616658", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/wpg3c-c1e71", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp635.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wpg3c-c1e71/files/sswp635.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mgy48-f7k47", "eprint_id": 81193, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:57:30", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:25:54", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Before Plessy, Before Brown: The Development of the Law of Racial Integration in Louisiana and Kansas", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published as J. Morgan Kousser, Before Plessy, Before Brown: The Development of the Law of Racial Integration in Louisiana and Kansas 213, 226-33 in Toward a Usable Past: Liberty Under State Governments (Paul Finkelman & Stephen C. Gottlieb eds., 1991).\n\nSubmitted - sswp681.pdf
", "abstract": "In the face of the Nixon-Reagan counterrevolution against liberal decisions of the Warren Court, some liberal judges and legal commentators have called for an increased reliance on state courts for the protection of civil rights and civil liberties. To gauge how well state courts and legislatures protected civil rights in the nineteenth century, I examined twenty school integration cases and numerous legislative and state constitutional convention actions in Louisiana and Kansas from 1868 through 1903.\nContrary to what Raoul Berger and others have asserted, black integrationists had many allies in the mainstream of the Republican party in the late 19th century. Not only did they pass laws prohibiting the exclusion of children from any school because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, but they represented black plaintiffs in numerous school integration cases, most of which have previously been unknown to or at least little noticed by scholars. At least one judge ruled segregation contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment, while another came close to doing so. The arguments of lawyers, legislators, and black petitioners to legislative bodies were all similar and often quite sophisticated. In particular, the unpublished briefs in three Louisiana cases made clear how intermixed contentions based on state and national constitutions were. If the state constitution and laws created a right and the national constitution and laws prohibited unequal enjoyment of state-created rights, then legal inequities violated rights on both governmental levels simultaneously.\nFrom 1877 on in Louisiana, and from 1903 on in Kansas, blacks lost the strong protection against unequal schools that they had enjoyed, at least de jure, earlier. Whether the reversals reflected shifts in white public opinion is unclear, for it was not the white populous that made the changes, but a new, younger set of white racist judges. Their ability to reverse or bypass earlier liberal judicial decisions or legal provisions demonstrates how fragile rights can be in the several states and undermines the empirical foundations of what might be called \"the new states' rights.\"", "date": "2017-09-06", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170906-133514445", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170906-133514445", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/mgy48-f7k47", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp681.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mgy48-f7k47/files/sswp681.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8sj1x-7mm18", "eprint_id": 81196, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:28:19", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:25:58", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The State of Social Science History in the Late 1980's", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Revised. Original dated to March 1988. \n\nI want to thank several colleagues for very useful comments on draft versions of the questionnaire and the paper: Lance Davis, Nick Dirks, Phil Hoffman, James Lee, and Doug Rivers. My largest debt is to the 304 respondents to the survey, many of whose marginal remarks have affected my interpretation of the results. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Social Science History Convention in 1987.\n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"The state of social science history in the late 1980s.\" Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 22, no. 1 (1989): 13-20.\n\nSubmitted - sswp679_-_revised.pdf
", "abstract": "Is social science history a dated fad, or has it been so fully accepted as to have become uncontroversial? Is it more or less popular with professors and graduate students today than in the recent past? Is its status higher at the most prestigious universities, or among their graduates, than at less highly-ranked colleges? What do historians and other social scientists see as the strengths and weaknesses, the achievements and deficiencies of social science history (hereafter referred to as \"ssh\")? To what degree do more traditional historians agree or disagree with social scientific historians and historically-oriented social scientists about these matters? How widespread is the teaching of statistics and theory in history departments, and how sophisticated is it, compared to the offerings in social science departments? Has the field become truly interdisciplinary?", "date": "2017-09-06", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170906-135824096", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170906-135824096", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/8sj1x-7mm18", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp679_-_revised.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8sj1x-7mm18/files/sswp679_-_revised.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e3364-5y288", "eprint_id": 81112, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:46:51", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:24:01", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kantor-S-E", "name": { "family": "Kantor", "given": "Shawn Everett" } }, { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Common Sense or Commonwealth? The Fence Law and Institutional Change in the Postbellum South", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Fences, Agricultural land, Tenants, Election laws, Crops, Pastures, Voting, Electoral districts, Farm economics, Workforce", "note": "The first author acknowledges financial support from the John Randolph Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation and the Anna and James McDonnell Memorial Scholarship Fund. Research for this article was also sponsored by the Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences at the California Institute of Technology. We thank Lance E. Davis, Philip T. Hoffman, and especially Jean-Laurent Rosenthal for helpful discussions and comments. Of course, we retain strict property rights to any of the paper's remaining shortcomings.\n\nPublished as Kantor, Shawn Everett, and J. Morgan Kousser. \"Common sense or commonwealth? The fence law and institutional change in the postbellum south.\" The Journal of Southern History 59, no. 2 (1993): 201-242.\n\nSubmitted - sswp703.pdf
", "abstract": "What causes individuals to change age-old economic, political, and social institutions? \"Radical\" historians claim that economic elites use their political power to impose institutions that enable them to extract the \"labor surplus\" more easily. This sharply conflicts with many economists' belief that economic growth comes about as society adopts a new regime of rules so as to capture potential efficiency gains. Whereas previous economists and historians have not addressed each other's concerns, this paper tests these contending hypotheses using an example common to both literatures - fence laws.\nAs demographic and economic changes permeated the postbellum South, many progressive farmers called on their state legislatures to adopt stock laws which would prohibit grazing animals on unfenced land. Focusing our attention on the same Georgia counties as previous historians have studied, we provide a more comprehensive analysis of the empirical data than has heretofore been given. Previous research on what contemporaries called the fence question has portrayed the conflict as one between the \"haves\" and the \"have nots\" - wealthy landowners against yeoman farmers, tenants, and laborers - or between contending \"cultures\" - believers in a pre-capitalistic \"household mode of production\" against partisans of national and international capitalistic market relations. Our investigation of the qualitative and quantitative evidence shows that the two-class interpretation is wrongly simple and the cultural gloss is simply wrong. The stock law created potential benefits which crossed class lines and there is little evidence that its opponents rejected the crass cash nexus. The debate, therefore, was not rooted in class conflict, but stemmed from the materialistic goals of individuals concerned about the equitable distribution of costs and benefits of fencing crops and animals.", "date": "2017-09-05", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170901-162948024", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170901-162948024", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Caltech Division of Humanities and Social Sciences" }, { "agency": "John Randolph Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation" }, { "agency": "Anna and James McDonnell Memorial Scholarship Fund" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/e3364-5y288", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp703.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e3364-5y288/files/sswp703.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kantor, Shawn Everett and Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/72eyf-6z708", "eprint_id": 81050, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:54:03", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:23:07", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "How to Determine Intent: Lessons from L.A.", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published as Kousser, J. Morgan (1991) How to Determine Intent: Lessons from L.A. Journal of Law & Politics, 7 . pp. 591-732.\n\nSubmitted - sswp741.pdf
", "abstract": "In a series of decisions from 1970 to 1980, the United States Supreme Court shifted from an \"effect\" standard to an \"intent\" standard in racial and sex discrimination cases. Every step along the road from the Jackson, Mississippi swimming pool closing case' to the Mobile, Alabama city commission case2 was criticized by professors and policymakers. Indeed, the last step was so controversial that Congress overturned the Court's City of Mobile v. Bolden decision in the major amendment to the 1982 Voting Rights Act, allowing plaintiffs in voting rights cases to prevail by proving either a racially discriminatory intent or a racially discriminatory effect.\nHow much difference has the shift made? Do Supreme Court decisions during the century following the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 throw any light on the Court's more recent course? How, exactly, have courts said intent must be proven, and how do their standards comport with logic and normal professional conduct among historians? What sorts of evidence are relevant to proving intent, and why are they relevant? How, in practice, should one go about evaluating hypotheses about the motives of the framers of governmental rules?\nThe best path to answers to such questions begins, it seems to me, with a detailed examination of one case. In August, 1988, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund and the American Civil Liberties Union filed Yolanda Garza et al. v. County of Los Angeles, California in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. Shortly thereafter, the United States Department of Justice instituted a similar suit against the County.\nHaving testified as a historian and political scientist in six previous federal voting rights cases, I served as an expert witness for MALDEF and the ACLU on the question of whether, in recent years, the supervisorial district lines in Los Angeles county had been drawn with an intent to discriminate against Hispanics. This paper is a revised and much expanded version of the one I presented to the court.\nAs in other cases, Garza was complex enough to require the attention of a professional historian because no one incident or piece of evidence was, by itself, conclusive. 5 Decided in favor of the plaintiffs by Judge David V. Kenyon on June 4, 1990, Garza deserves detailed attention not only for the light it throws on the general theoretical questions noted above, but also because the record on motivation is extraordinarily rich, because Los Angeles county has one of the largest populations of any jurisdiction ever sued in a voting rights case, and because it is the most important voting rights suit involving Hispanics ever filed.", "date": "2017-09-01", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170831-154408354", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170831-154408354", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/72eyf-6z708", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp741.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/72eyf-6z708/files/sswp741.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vxj2z-wcb60", "eprint_id": 80882, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:35:18", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:14:48", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Was Memphis's Electoral Structure Adopted or Maintained for a Racially Discriminatory Purpose?", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Submitted - sswp807.pdf
", "abstract": "Two themes run throughout this chronologically organized, extensively documented paper: The first is the pervasiveness of racial issues and racial conflicts in Memphis from 1955 to 1971, the period on which the paper centers. The second is the interconnection between electoral politics and electoral rules. That these are central and tragic themes in southern history is precisely the point: Memphis has never entirely outgrown the worst parts of its southern heritage.\nThe two themes imply one conclusion: The changes in Memphis's electoral rules in this period came about for racially discriminatory reasons. More particularly, the designated post and majority vote requirements were adopted primarily for the purpose of preventing African-Americans from enjoying a fair opportunity to elect candidates of their choice, and at-large seats on the Memphis City Council and School Board were maintained because of the same racially discriminatory motives. Key elements of the redrawing of election district boundaries in 1971were probably influenced by a desire to keep as many council seats as possible in white hands.\nIn the mid- and late-nineteenth century, as in the mid- and late-twentieth, white political and business leaders in Memphis put down political threats from the lower social orders, especially African-Americans, by changing electoral laws. Events of more than a century ago are apposite because they show that similar \"solutions\" have repeatedly been applied to similar \"problems\" in Memphis, as elsewhere in the United States. If racially discriminatory purposes moved men of the 1870s and 80s to rewrite electoral laws, as historians have found, then we should at the very least be alert to the possibility of racial motivation behind later electoral laws.\nParticularly important were moves, first proposed by wealthy white Memphians a few months after the enfranchisement of blacks in Tennessee, to replace the ward-based local government with a five-man commission appointed by the governor. In 1879, after a terrible yellow fever epidemic, similar forces managed to convince the state to replace the local government with a \"taxing district,\" whose officials were eventually to be elected at large. Thereafter, lower status groups held proportionately many fewer elective offices, although they were not excluded altogether until the passage of registration, secret ballot, and poll tax laws in 1889-90. There were no district elections for local government in Memphis from 1879 until 1967.\nBlacks were allowed to cast ballots, or, often, to have their nominal ballots counted, under the regime of E.H. Crump. After 1927, Crump's control was so complete that he did not need black support to survive, and he effectively ran the leading black politician out of town. Whatever corruption, violence, and degradation of the democratic process existed under Crump was not the fault of blacks. Indeed, African-Americans were much more often the victims than the beneficiaries of Crump's dictatorship, for the boss was a virulent racist who had those blacks whom he could not browbeat physically beaten, and who enthusiastically embraced the Dixiecrat party in 1948. By 1951, a smaller number of blacks were registered to vote in Memphis than there had been in 1914. It was in this environment that those whites who framed the electoral laws of the post- 1954period, and those blacks who opposed them, grew up. \nFrom 1909 through 1955, Memphis City Commissioners, except for the mayor, were elected without running for specific posts. The top four in a \"free-for-all\" race were chosen, and they then decided among themselves what departments each would head. Four members of the Board of Education were chosen by the same process. In 1955, however, black Baptist minister Roy Love finished fifth out of sixteen candidates for the school board, missing election by less than 6,000 votes out of 260,000 cast. Before the next municipal election, two local private acts, backed unanimously by the Shelby County delegation and passed as a matter of courtesy by the state legislature, required that each candidate for the Commission and Board of Education run for a specific post. This prevented black \"single-shotting,\" a widely understood and often discussed tactic by which a politically cohesive minority can elect candidates of its choice, even in at-large elections. Statements made during this period, as well as the sequence of events, make clear the racial motivation of this change in electoral laws.\nThe framers, however, forgot to include a majority vote requirement. When a strong black candidate, Russell Sugarmon, and four serious white candidates announced for an open seat on the Commission in 1959, Commissioner Henry Loeb, then and thereafter the leader of the segregationist forces in Memphis government, asked Gov. Buford Ellington to call a special session of the state legislature purely in order to pass a runoff law for Memphis. After Ellington declined, and an attempt to set up a local white primary was abandoned because of doubts about its legality, the vestiges of retiring Mayor Edmund Orgill's organization, both daily newspapers, Loeb, Commissioner Claude Armour, and several white civic organizations orchestrated a bandwagon for one of the white candidates, Bill Farris, who was elected.\nSugarmon's threat to the white monopoly on political offices provided an unmistakable lesson on the necessity of including a runoff in the at-large, designated post scheme, and led to renewed attempts to pass such a law for Memphis. Even though Loeb and a unanimous city commission twice backed a runoff amendment, it failed to pass the legislature.\nIn 1961-62, the Chamber of Commerce spearheaded an attempt to consolidate Memphis and Shelby County into one metropolitan government. Although the initial draft provided for district elections, the Charter Commission eventually proposed an all at-large plan. The one black on the ten-man Charter Commission, Lt. George W. Lee, protested, because he said that no black could win an at-large election in Memphis, and he was joined by virtually every black community leader. Black and AFL-CIO opposition, conjoined with that of the county political organization and some middle-class whites who were afraid of higher taxes, defeated metro government soundly.\nFrustrated at their inability to pass such regulations as the runoff law, Memphis's civic leaders put a \"home rule\" amendment on the November, 1963 ballot. Although black leaders opposed it, fearing that it would facilitate the passage of discriminatory provisions, it was too difficult to rally the community against such an abstract, seemingly harmless proposal, and it passed.\nDispirited by their defeat in 1959, blacks in 1963 ran no candidates for mayor or commissioners, but only for less visible at-large posts on the board of education and for a vacant city judgeship. A formalized bar association primary, publicized for weeks in the newspapers, conducted with city voting machines, and continuing for several rounds until one white candidate received a majority, kept the judgeship safely in white hands and once more demonstrated for all to see the usefulness of the runoff in preserving a white monopoly on offices. In the mayoral contest, a majority of blacks rejected the endorsee of most black leaders, Bill Farris, and instead voted for a shrewd and contentious \"populist\" candidate, William B. Ingram. Black candidates for the Board of Education once again proved that, no matter how non-controversial and seemingly well qualified a black could not be elected in an at-large election in Memphis, even if he were endorsed by one of the daily newspapers.\nIn 1965-66, leaders from the Chamber of Commerce and other governmental reformers renewed their effort to replace the commission form of government with a council-manager or council-mayor. Having learned several lessons from the 1962metro loss, they involved black, labor, and Republican leaders from the beginning. The most controversial issues, which badly split the \"Program of Progress\" (\"POP\") committee of 25 members, were whether to replace at-large elections wholly or in part with district contests and whether to include a runoff provision in the new charter. Throughout the discussion, the issues were treated primarily as racial controversies, and everyone agreed that it would be much more difficult for blacks to be elected under at-large systems and with runoffs. Black leaders, who preferred all or the vast majority of seats to be elected by districts, almost unanimously opposed the 7 district, 6 at-large final plan, and accepted it only reluctantly, as at least better than the current all at-large system.\nHad the POP charter included a runoff requirement, they would almost certainly have opposed the whole charter in the referendum, so the POP committee finessed the issue. The City Commission put the runoff question on the August primary ballot and the POP charter on the November general election ballot, partly for fear that black opposition to the former would spill over to the latter, and partly because they thought that whites would be more likely to accept some districts in the POP plan if they knew that the runoff would keep the vast majority of council seats white. The voters accepted (although they did not frame) both the runoff and the POP charter.\nIn the 1967 elections, the new system worked almost exactly as designed. The widespread view that no black could possibly win in an at-large runoff destroyed the first campaign for mayor by a black in Memphis's history and discouraged any serious African-American candidacy for an at-large city council seat. Black candidates won two solidly black council districts, placed third in another that was 38% black, and eked out a victory in a 47% black district against a weak white opponent. Whites won 10of 13 council seats, and their favored candidate in the runoff, Henry Loeb, beat Mayor Ingram by gaining the \"white backlash\" vote in a very racially polarized election.\nWhite incumbents also swept the school board seats, which were all still elected at large. The board, all-white from the 1880s until 1970, despite the growing proportion of black students in the school system, had thrown nearly every possible impediment in the way of integration. By 1969, in the wake of the garbage strike and the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., blacks, in a militant mood, launched a massive school boycott. To split the black leadership and end the boycott, a majority of the school board promised to appoint two blacks as interim \"advisers\" and to press the legislature to allow at least some school board members to be elected by districts, which everyone agreed was the only way to elect a black to the board.\nAfter some jockeying in the 1970legislature, it was agreed that the board would use the same seven districts as the City Council, and that two other members would be elected at large. Winners for every seat would have to be elected by a majority. Everyone assumed, of course, that the at-large members would be white. Again, blacks leaders accepted the compromise as at least better than the status quo.\nIn 1971, there was another, rather half-hearted attempt to consolidate Memphis with Shelby County. Because of continual annexations, 91% of Shelby's people lived in Memphis as it was. Again, blacks opposed metro, this time because they did not want to add white flight suburbanites to a city in which their proportion and influence were increasing. Metro failed again. After that vote, the City Council reapportioned itself, significantly decreasing the black proportion in the district with the highest proportion black that was currently represented by a white councilman. Inter-district transfers put more blacks in an overwhelmingly black district and more whites in an overwhelmingly white district.\nTo sum up in one sentence: Memphis politics has been racial politics, and Memphis's election laws were the most effective weapons in maintaining white political power for so long.", "date": "2017-08-30", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170828-165240217", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170828-165240217", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/vxj2z-wcb60", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp807.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vxj2z-wcb60/files/sswp807.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/55y30-0zz26", "eprint_id": 80914, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:30:18", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:14:59", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Why Were There Black Schools in the Segregated South? The Exit Explanation Reconsidered", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Social Science History Association Convention in 1991. I want to thank Shawn Everett Kantor for valuable comments.\n\nSubmitted - sswp801.pdf
", "abstract": "African-American geographic mobility plays a central and somewhat contradictory role in Robert Margo's Race and Schooling in the South. 1880-1950. [1990] On the one hand, it is the solution to what Margo calls \"Myrdal's Paradox.\" Blacks, in Margo's view, forced white school boards to spend at least some money on black schools after disfranchisement by threatening to deprive white planters of a labor force if black schools were too terrible. On the other hand, geographic mobility was the result of that solution to Myrdal's Paradox. Blacks who migrated north, Margo showed, were likely to be relatively well educated. In an article that accompanied his book, Margo elaborated a model of school board action in the legally segregated, post-disfranchisement South and briefly examined a small amount of data that he claimed was \"broadly consistent with the model.\" [1991, p. 67.] In this paper, I consider extensive evidence, largely from the period before 1910, that bears on the first part of Margo's argument. Since almost none of that evidence corroborates his thesis, I conclude that explanations other than black geographic mobility must account for the pattern of support for black schools in the South during the era of legalized segregation.", "date": "2017-08-30", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170829-141036655", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170829-141036655", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/55y30-0zz26", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp801.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/55y30-0zz26/files/sswp801.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/70h0s-dtc53", "eprint_id": 80632, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:29:35", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:09:41", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Shaw vs. Reno and the World of Redistricting and Representation", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Submitted - sswp915.pdf
", "abstract": "Justice O ' Connor's majority opinion in the 1993U.S. Supreme Court case of Shaw v. Reno has widely been seen as withdrawing judicial protection of minority voting rights -- a welcome development to those who believe as a matter of faith that discriminatory electoral rules, racist appeals in elections, and racially polarized voting are things of the distant past, but less hopeful to close students of redistricting and election campaigns of the last two decades. Deeply ambiguous, the opinion has spawned a wide range of interpretations, from assertions that it bans redistricters from taking the race of voters into account at all, even when they place them in majority-white districts, to contentions that it merely asks for further information about the basis for establishing certain \"ugly\" districts that have majorities of African Americans or Latinos.\nIn this paper, which is based on research that I carried out for Shaw v. Hunt, the remand version of Shaw v. Reno, and Vera v. Richards, its Texas counterpart, I try to restore a sense of reality to the often factually incorrect assertions or implications of Justice O'Connor's opinion, not only by a close textual reading of the briefs and opinions in the Supreme Court case, but also by looking in considerable detail at the actual redistricting processes in North Carolina and Texas during the 1970s, 80s, and 90s. Were race, partisanship, and individual politicians' interests taken into account in redrawing districts before 1991, or were all previous reapportionments pristine exercises in civic virtue? Might the states in the 1990s have had compelling interests in redressing past racially discriminatory practices? Were the motives of the 1991-92redistrictings so uncomplicated that they can be easily and unambiguously determined by a quick glance at a map? For North Carolina, I also examine whether white and black public opinion and the voting records of white and black members of Congress differ systematically from each other. Do black voters need black faces to represent them?\nShaw's vagueness affords the Supreme Court the possibility of gracefully backing away from its separate but unequal standards, standards that allow whites standing to sue without having to prove that the electoral rules at issue have a racially discriminatory effect and without having to show in detail that they were adopted with a racially discriminatory intent. In the final section, I outline five escape routes from Shaw, all of which are based on its factual inadequacies.", "date": "2017-08-21", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170818-152333397", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170818-152333397", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/70h0s-dtc53", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp915.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/70h0s-dtc53/files/sswp915.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s188t-ty278", "eprint_id": 80620, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:58:07", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:09:18", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Estimating the Partisan Consequences of Redistricting Plans - Simply", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Political parties, Political partisanship, Redistricting, Incumbents, Voting, Voter registration, Congressional districts, Political candidates, Gerrymandering", "note": "Published as Kousser, J. Morgan. \"Estimating the partisan consequences of redistricting plans-simply.\" Legislative Studies Quarterly (1996): 521-541.\n\nSubmitted - sswp929.pdf
", "abstract": "Although some judges and political scientists have recently doubted that it is possible to predict the partisan consequences of redistricting plans, I demonstrate that it is simple to do so with a pair of OLS equations that regress voting percentages on major party registration percentages. I test this model on data for all California Assembly and Congressional elections from 1970 through 1992, and compare it to logit results and to more complicated equations that contain incumbency and socioeconomic variables. Since information on socioeconomic variables is often not available early in a redistricting cycle, and since incumbency in a district is often difficult to determine precisely after a reapportionment, I rely on the simplest equation, which correctly predicts 90% of the results. I show that analogous equations using registration or votes for minor or even major offices in California, North Carolina, and Texas can predict outcomes with considerable accuracy.\nUsing the party registration equations, I show that the so-called \"Burton Gerrymander\" of 1980 had minimal partisan consequences, while the \"nonpartisan\" plan instituted by the California Supreme Court's Special Masters in 1992 was nearly as biased in favor of the Republicans as the proposal of the Republican party, which would have insured the GOP a majority of the Congressional seats even if Democrats won a landslide of the votes. I conclude by introducing a new graphical representation of redistricting plans, which strongly implies that in 1991, Republican and Democratic line drawers in California agreed on the registration margins necessary for party control and drew their plans with these in mind.", "date": "2017-08-18", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170818-132226552", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170818-132226552", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/s188t-ty278", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp929.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s188t-ty278/files/sswp929.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hwrbt-dr259", "eprint_id": 80619, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 06:10:33", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 05:09:16", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Reapportionment Wars: Party, Race, and Redistricting in California, 1971-1992", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Daniel Hays Lowenstein and Jonathan Steinberg made this a better paper with their helpful comments on an earlier draft. Most writers on California reapportionment have been participants in the process. E.g., Baker 1 962; Cain 1 984; Hinderaker and Waters 1 952; Lowell and Craigie 1 985; Quinn 1 98 1 and 1 984; Wilkening 1 977. Although I have never helped to draw a district, I did serve as an expert witness for most of the members of the Democratic congressional delegation in an unsuccessful federal court challenge to the 1991 Special Masters' Plan. \n\nPublished as Kousser, J. Morgan. Reapportionment Wars: Party, Race, and Redistricting in California, 1971-1992. No. 5. Agathon Press, 1998.\n\nSubmitted - sswp930.pdf
", "abstract": "Understanding the impact of the redistricting of state legislative and congressional seats in California in the 1990s on ethnic minorities and the two principal political parties requires more than a narrative of events. Without explicit quantitative techniques for estimating the partisan consequences of plans that were unsuccessfully proposed, as well as those that were adopted, we cannot gauge what difference the ultimate choice of plans made or fully evaluate the intentions of the framers and opponents of each plan. Accordingly, in Social Science Working Paper 929, I developed and tested two methods of comparing the likely partisan outcomes under different reapportionment schemes. In this paper, I apply those techniques.\nBut neither quantitative methods nor a story that begins in 1990 tells us all we need to know. The recent past indelibly imprinted the actors in 1991 and deeply affected their behavior. Therefore, I begin in 1971 and explain how a controversy over electing a Latino to the Assembly wrecked an agreed compromise and led to a reapportionment imposed by the State Supreme Court, employing Special Masters and technicians, an experience that kindled Democratic, as well as Republican hopes in 1991 that the judiciary and those whom they appointed to carry out the redistricting would not treat their party unfairly. Even more important for the combatants in the 1990s was the fact that Democratic party control of the redistricting process in the 1980s led to a bitter ten-year partisan struggle that ultimately undermined the state legislature as an institution, brought about a partisan Republican takeover of the State Supreme Court, and encouraged Republicans to torpedo all compromise on redistricting in 1991 and turn reapportionment over to the court.\nIn the background of these events, and helping to shape them, were actions by the Congress and the federal judiciary. The equal population and minority vote dilution cases and the evolving Voting Rights Act significantly constrained the degree of discrimination against partisan and ethnic minorities in California, as elsewhere in the nation. As Latinos and African-Americans became a more and more important part of the Democratic leadership, as well as of the Democratic voters, partisan and ethnic interests became more and more correlated, and external legal constraints, less necessary to protect minority political power - as long as Democrats controlled redistricting. When Democrats lost control, and when unelected technocrats, particularly a redistricting commission created and appointed by Gov. Pete Wilson in 1991, took over, minority interests were largely ignored. Fortunately, in 1991, the judicial precedents protecting minorities were still strong and the technocrats who drafted the plans for the State Supreme Court were both diligent and, overall, sympathetic to minority concerns. What would happen if those precedents were reversed or weakened, as some have interpreted the U.S. Supreme Court decisions in Shaw v. Reno and Miller v. Johnson as doing, depends on who retains the ultimate power to draw districts.\nThe three chief findings of the quantitative analysis in this paper are striking: Neither the Masters' Plan of 1973 nor the so-called \"Burton Gerrymander\" of 1981 was as pro-Democratic as has often been suggested, nor was the Masters' Plan of 1991 so nonpartisan. The lessons for future reapportionments in California suggested by the analysis of those from 1971 on are pessimistic. Term limits will rob the legislature of any expertise in redistricting, turning remapping entirely over to unaccountable technicians, lobbyists, and party leaders. Term limits are also likely to increase partisan strife, because a bipartisan incumbent gerrymander will become impossible. The recent California tendency to replace legislative bargaining over reapportionment with judicial fiat, the courts' habit of intervening in matters previously left to the legislature, the public's cynicism about any legislative activity, and the U.S. Supreme Court's invitation to anyone aggrieved by a remapping to file suit virtually insures that redistricting in 2001 will be designed by, or at least exhaustively challenged in the courts. Whether that will be good for democracy and for the rights of ethnic minorities is less certain.", "date": "2017-08-18", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170818-130903388", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170818-130903388", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/hwrbt-dr259", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp930.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hwrbt-dr259/files/sswp930.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q451s-6mg47", "eprint_id": 80787, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:20:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 18:28:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Color Factor: The Economics of African-American Well-Being in the Nineteenth-Century South [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2017 Southern Historical Association. \n\nBook review of: The Color Factor: The Economics of African-American Well-Being in the Nineteenth-Century South. By Howard Bodenhorn. NBER Series on Long-Term Factors in Economic Development. (New York and other cities: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xvi, 320. ISBN 978-0-19-938309-2.)", "abstract": "Historians have long wondered whether Americans of African descent who were considered to be of mixed race were better off than those classified as being black. In this brilliant, nuanced, and comprehensive book, economic historian Howard Bodenhorn shows conclusively that free mixed-race individuals (\"mulattoes\") in the late antebellum South were, indeed, more prosperous than black people. Examining a wide range of not only statistical data but also qualitative information, Bodenhorn clearly establishes that the nineteenth-century \"one drop rule\" was often broken at a time when slavery provided the chief racial dividing line.", "date": "2017-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Southern History", "volume": "83", "number": "3", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "pagerange": "685-686", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170825-081255015", "issn": "2325-6893", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170825-081255015", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3hjvp-2fd43", "eprint_id": 56748, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 09:53:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:13:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Do the Facts of Voting Rights Support Chief Justice Roberts's Opinion in Shelby County?", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Voting Rights Act, Section 5, Shelby County v. Holder", "note": "Transatlantica \u2013\u2002Revue d'\u00e9tudes am\u00e9ricaines est mis \u00e0 disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.\n\nSubmitted - SSRN-id2592829.pdf
", "abstract": "In June, 2013, a 5-4 majority of the U.S. Supreme Court brought to an abrupt and likely permanent end the most important provision of the most successful civil rights law in U.S. history. Initially passed in 1965, Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act required \"covered jurisdictions,\" at first in the Deep South and later extended to Texas, Arizona, Alaska, and certain counties and townships in other states, to \"pre-clear\" any changes in their election laws with the Justice Department or the District Court of the District of Columbia before putting them into effect. Laws that changed the political structure \u2013 for instance, redistricting laws, annexations, and shifts from district to \"at-large\" elections for local governments \u2013 were restricted, as well as provisions and practices that directly affected individuals' rights to vote. While acknowledging the success of the law in greatly increasing the number of African-American and Latino elected officials, Chief Justice John Roberts contended in his majority opinion in Shelby County v. Holder that the problems of 2013 were much less grave than the \"pervasive...flagrant...widespread...rampant\" voting discrimination of 1965 and that the coverage formula was outmoded because \"today's statistics tell an entirely different story.\"\n\nNeither the Chief Justice nor any scholars or civil rights proponents or opponents have systematically examined the evidence on the entire pattern of proven voting rights violations over time and space. Was the Chief Justice correct in asserting that such violations no longer tracked the coverage scheme in Section 4 of the Act \u2013 that, as he put it, the relationship of the formula to problems of vote dilution was purely \"fortuitous\"? Had the number of violations diminished so much in the years leading up to the 2006 renewal of Section 5 that Congress should have ended preclearance altogether because discrimination had basically disappeared? If the number of voting rights lawsuits has diminished, why is that so?\n\nBased on the largest database of voting rights \"events\" \u2013 successful lawsuits, Section 5 Justice Department objections and \"more information requests,\" and consent decrees or settlements out of court that led to pro-minority changes \u2013 ever compiled, this paper provides a unique overview of the history of U.S. voting rights from 1957, when the first U.S. civil rights law in 82 years passed, through 2013. It shows that the Chief Justice's factual assertions were incorrect, that the coverage formula was still congruent with proven violations, and that to the extent that recorded violations had decreased, that was not because problems had ended, but because the Supreme Court had made it more difficult to win lawsuits.", "date": "2016-01-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Transatlantica", "volume": "2015", "number": "1", "publisher": "Association fran\u00e7aise d'Etudes Am\u00e9ricaines", "pagerange": "Art. No. 7462", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150418-192815417", "issn": "1765-2766", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150418-192815417", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "SSRN-id2592829.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3hjvp-2fd43/files/SSRN-id2592829.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "transatlantica-7462-1-do-the-facts-of-voting-rights-support-chief-justice-roberts-s-opinion-in-shelby-county.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3hjvp-2fd43/files/transatlantica-7462-1-do-the-facts-of-voting-rights-support-chief-justice-roberts-s-opinion-in-shelby-county.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/014ef-jqa83", "eprint_id": 53397, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:20:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 14:49:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Sharing the Prize: The Economics of the Civil Rights Revolution in the American South [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Southern Historical Association.\n\nBook review of: Sharing the Prize: The Economics of the Civil Rights Revolution in the American South / by Gavin Wright. \nCambridge, Mass., and London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2013. Pp. [xiv], 353. ISBN 9780674049338.\n\nPublished - Kousser_2014p768.pdf
", "abstract": "Stanford University economic historian Gavin Wright's clear, accessible,\nand deeply researched book argues persuasively, first, that it was civil\nrights laws and federal court decisions from Brown v. Board of Education\n(1954) on that substantially enhanced the economic well-being of southern\nblacks after 1960. These improvements in black status, he demonstrates\nwith both statistical evidence and qualitative case studies, would not have\ncome about through the operation of market forces alone. Strong legal\npressure from outside the region was necessary to shock and awe Jim\nCrow. Second, his simple, informative graphs and tables show that African\nAmerican improvement did not come at the expense of southern whites.\nThe civil rights revolution was not a zero-sum game; unleashing black\ntalent made everyone better off.", "date": "2014-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Southern History", "volume": "80", "number": "3", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "pagerange": "768-770", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150108-144502794", "issn": "2325-6893", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150108-144502794", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Kousser_2014p768.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/014ef-jqa83/files/Kousser_2014p768.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5tahg-nwr02", "eprint_id": 41333, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:38:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:39:24", "type": "conference_item", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Cumming and Giles, Meet Jenkins and Shaw: Voting Rights and Education in the Two Reconstructions", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "AALS and American Political Science Association. Conference on Constitutional Law. June 5\u20138, 2002, Washington, D.C.\n10:45 a.m.-12:15 p.m. \nThe End of the Second Reconstruction.\nDavid E. Bernstein, George Mason University School of Law, Kimberle Williams Crenshaw, University of California at Los Angeles School of Law and Columbia University School of Law, J. Morgan Kousser, Department of History and Social Sciences, Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology. \nModerator: Linda S. Greene, University of Wisconsin Law School\n\nPresentation - giles.pdf
", "abstract": "Historical explanations are inherently comparative. That is, they involve either an explicit or an implicit comparison with a particular or idealized condition or train of events. The phrase \"Second Reconstruction\" is based, of course, on a recognition of this logic of explanation, and the natural comparison is with the First Reconstruction, that beginning in the 1860s. Perhaps because lately so many historians seem to have lost faith in the possibility of generalization or even explanation, there have been almost no efforts to make rigorous comparisons between the First and Second American Reconstructions by those whose discipline would naturally lend itself to the comparative analysis of change over time. I offer a tentative comparison focusing on two issues: voting rights and racial discrimination in schools.", "date": "2013-09-20", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Caltech Library", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-155844805", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-155844805", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "giles.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5tahg-nwr02/files/giles.pdf" }, "resource_type": "conference_item", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tbnjx-hts81", "eprint_id": 41334, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:17:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:39:26", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Racial Injustice and the Abolition of Justice Courts in Monterey County", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "An unpublished report for Lopez v. Monterey County.", "abstract": "Broadly speaking, there are three different, conflicting stories that one might tell about\nthe consolidation of the courts of Monterey county from 1967 through 1983. The first, the\nState's story, outlined in Section II of this report, is a simple one of the inevitable imposition of\nrationality on a chaotic judicial system by the modernizing, race-neutral State of California. The\nState Judicial Council1 and the legislature were the actors, and they acted in the best interests of\nall, including minority ethnic groups, whom they have always zealously protected. In any event,\njudges are what my collegiate constitutional law professor called \"the vestal virgins of the\nConstitution,\" and any move to make them responsive to the electorate should be resisted. The\nsecond story, detailed in Section III, moves down a notch, substituting local Monterey County\nofficials and the County Bar Association for the State's characters as the principal actors. It is\nmore complicated, at least recognizing that there was localist, parochial opposition that delayed\nthe consolidation for many years. No doubt dwellers in the small towns and rural areas were sincere in their desire for local control and in their efforts to avoid driving 75 miles or more to\ncontest traffic tickets or charges of petty crimes, but in the end, in this second tale, they realized\nthat it was less expensive and more efficient to centralize all judicial functions in Salinas and\nMonterey. The County story also recognizes the importance of the personal self-interest of\njudges, who pressed at times for eliminating the justice courts and at other times, for keeping\nthem. But in the County's, as well as the State's version of history, race played no role. The\nthird story discounts the first as a convenient fiction and borrows elements from the second story,\nbut puts the events into the long and continuing local history of harsh racial and ethnic\ndiscrimination in Monterey County, a history that the first two stories studiously ignore. It points\nas well to the county's history of using electoral rules and structures to solidify control by those\nwho drafted the rules. The history of discrimination takes up part IV of the report. Part V\nsummarizes the evidence for the three hypotheses about the motivation of the actors who\neliminated Monterey County's justice courts.", "date": "2013-09-17", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "unpublished report", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-160303883", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-160303883", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "justice_courts.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tbnjx-hts81/files/justice_courts.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xnrey-ev963", "eprint_id": 104321, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:07:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:18:01", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5261-2859" } ] }, "title": "Strange Career and the Need for a Second Reconstruction of the History of Race Relations", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 NewSouth Books.\n\nAccepted Version - Strange_Career_and_the_Lost_Promise.pdf
", "abstract": "This paper sketches broad trends in the history of American race relations in works published since 1955, as well as general trends in actual race relations since that year, in an attempt to understand what forces have shaped those two trends and to propose a Woodwardian reorientation of the field. After Strange Career, race relations history wandered for a time down a too-narrow path. More recently, it has unfortunately veered off course, concentrating on racial identity, rather than racial interaction; on violence, rather than vital statistics; on personal, rather than public politics. Too many historians, in this field and others, have succumbed to the fin-de-si\u00e8cle temptations of romanticism and intellectual despair, awarding everyone agency and denying anyone domination, and doubting the possibility of knowledge, while seemingly smug in the assurance that they alone possess the truth. In contrast to Woodward's emphasis on conflict and the possibility of change, many historians, often professed devotees of the political left, have ignored or dismissed distinctions between historical actors, promulgating an image of consensus in race relations that can only hamper effective action against discrimination. Placing themselves outside the fray, historians in general, except those on the political right, have largely retreated from efforts to change the minds that shape the institutional rules of racial interaction. Some have voiced a despair about human nature so profound, and a conviction of the irrationality and unpredictability of human beings so deep as to paralyze efforts at racial or any other type of reform. Woodward initiated the field of comparative reconstruction. It is now time for a second reconstruction of the field of race relations history.", "date": "2013", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "NewSouth Book", "place_of_pub": "Montgomery, AL", "pagerange": "423-453", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200710-102534142", "isbn": "9781588382979", "book_title": "Dixie redux : essays in honor of Sheldon Hackney", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200710-102534142", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Arsenault-R", "name": { "family": "Arsenault", "given": "Raymond" } }, { "id": "Burton-O-V", "name": { "family": "Burton", "given": "Oville Vernon" } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "Strange_Career_and_the_Lost_Promise.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xnrey-ev963/files/Strange_Career_and_the_Lost_Promise.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vq4kh-4yn86", "eprint_id": 41594, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:59:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:52:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Why were you editor for 12 years?", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "Published online: 18 Jan 2013.", "abstract": "[Introduction:] When I became Executive Editor of Historical Methods in 2001, I had no idea what I was getting\ninto\u2014no mission statement, no set of issues I wanted to feature, no conferences planned, no cache of\npapers I wanted to publish. I inherited a very small backlog of articles, almost no files about previous practices or\nlists of referees, and no advice from previous editors. I had subscribed to the journal from at least its third volume in\n1970, but I admit that I did not always read it. I had published articles in it some years before, but I had not paid very\nmuch attention to the editorial process they went through. I had some experience in correcting and criticizing papers\nand I had refereed a lot of them, mostly for other journals. Fortunately, I inherited Barbara Kahn.", "date": "2013", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods", "volume": "46", "number": "1", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "1-4", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131001-140410105", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131001-140410105", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01615440.2013.763666", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/st03s-6cg92", "eprint_id": 36606, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:38:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:23:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Unlocking V. O. Key Jr.: Southern Politics for the Twenty-First Century", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2013 Organization of American Historians.", "abstract": "V. O. Key Jr.'s two central insights in Southern Politics (1949) were that beneath an outwardly solid South, defined by forced unity that was maintained to keep African Americans subordinate, white politics was largely fragmented and disorganized; and that in such a fragmented polity, unstructured by ongoing competition between organized political parties, the white and black have-nots usually lost. The ten essays in this volume, drawn from a 2009 conference at the Winthrop Rockefeller Institute of the University of Arkansas, do not directly explain exactly how partisan competition came to the South after 1950, and they entirely ignore the processes and outputs of governance\u2014an omission that reflects the largest failure of post-Key scholarship on southern politics. Disparate in topics and uneven in quality, the papers are inappropriate for assignment to undergraduate or graduate classes in political science, sociology, or history.", "date": "2012-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "99", "number": "3", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "970-971", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130125-151035383", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130125-151035383", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1093/jahist/jas398", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xjvb7-9m505", "eprint_id": 20144, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:14:01", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 00:02:59", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Beyond Gingles: influence districts and the pragmatic tradition in voting rights law", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "I want to thank Tony Chavez, Robin Toma, and especially Nancy Ramirez for helpful discussions and suggestions on this paper. They are not. responsible for any flaws in conception or detail. This paper was presented at the Voting Rights Symposium, University of San Francisco, November 6-7, 1992, forthcoming in The University of San Francisco Law Review.\n\nAccepted Version - sswp831.pdf
", "abstract": "Should minority voters who are not numerous enough to form.a majority of an electoral district have a legal right to protection against vote dilution? This question of \"influence districts\" is not new, but has yet not been definitely resolved by judicial decisions. This paper examines the logic, history, and law related to influence districts.\n\nAny proposal for a legal stance on the question of influence districts should continue the dominant line of tradition of Congress and the courts, rather than contravene it. Therefore, after an introduction. Section II of this paper traces what I term the \"practical\" or \"pragmatic\" tradition in voting rights law from the passage of the Reconstruction Constitutional Amendments through the 1982 amendments to the Voting Rights Act and the nearly simultaneously-issued U.S. Supreme Court decision in Rogers v. Lodge. Beginning in 1870, Congress and later. the courts, rejected an abstract, formulaic, \"bright-line\" approach to voting rights law except during the period of massive discrimination and disfranchisement. Both Congress and the Supreme Court went beyond protecting the bare right of members of minority groups to vote. Instead. they realized that to cast an effective vote, African-Americans and others had to be sheltered from violence, intimidation, and fraud, and they had to be free to speak and organize. In the 1940s, courts insisted on nondiscrimination in primaries, and in the late 1960s, they helped guarantee the right to be free of recently established discriminatory electoral structures.\n\nThe courts and Congress refused to accept two proffered bright lines: one drawn, in effect, between voting per se and everything else, and the other guaranteeing proportional representation. Rather. they adopted the less precise. but more nuanced \"totality of the circumstances\" test for proving both intent and effect.\n\nIn Section III of the paper. I discuss the three-pronged test outlined in Thornburg v. Gingles. Even though Gingles is sometimes interpreted to imply that courts need pay no attention to minority groups that cannot form effective majorities of electoral districts, I point out that Justice Brennan's opinion in Gingles specifically refuses to foreclose that question and argue that both the log1ic of the opinion a.d contemporary political experience contravene the alleged implication. More specifically, I suggest that it is wrong for courts to isolate the first prong of the Gingles test from the other two. Viewed as interconnected, the three parts of the test do not preclude a consideration of the question of influence districts. Indeed. election data from both hypothetical and actual examples demonstrates that. there is no possible theoretical division between influence districts and control districts. I conclude that there is no bright line in Gingles.\n\nSection IV of the paper takes a very brief look at some federal court op1111Ons concerning influence districts. concentrating on the Garza, Armour, and Springfield Park District cases. Their diverse analyses and criticisms that can be made of them suggest two different, but more systematic approaches to the influence district problem - a \"results\" approach and an \"intent\" approach - which I flesh out in Section V. In both approaches, I concentrate on totality of the circumstances.standards, in line with the pragmatic tradition, the Congress's intent in extending and amending the Voting Rights Act in 1982, and the Supreme Court's decisions in White v. Regester and Rogers v. Lodge. Finally, I attempt to respond generally to criticisms of protecting the interests of small minority groups. I conclude that both the value of bright-line standards and the dangers of relaxing them have been exaggerated.", "date": "2010-09-28", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100924-155441806", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100924-155441806", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Social-Science-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/xjvb7-9m505", "primary_object": { "basename": "sswp831.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xjvb7-9m505/files/sswp831.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9twr6-fzp72", "eprint_id": 71370, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 02:44:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:41:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Immutability of Categories and the Reshaping of Southern Politics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "South, race, class, Republican Party, V.O. Key, Jr., realignment, unfacts", "note": "\u00a9 2010 Annual Reviews. \n\n\nFirst published online as a Review in Advance on February 1, 2010.\n\nThe author is not aware of any affiliations, memberships, funding, or financial holdings that might be perceived as affecting the objectivity of this review.", "abstract": "How did the no-party, extremely-low-turnout, fragmented political system that V.O. Key, Jr. described in his 1949 book Southern Politics get transformed into the Republican-dominant, average-turnout, highly-organized political structure that propelled Georgia Republican Newt Gingrich into the House Speakership in 1995? After a long series of analytical narratives that focused on racial explanations for the shifts in white voting behavior, several of the most recent works have emphasized class and economic development. I suggest that both explanations are misleading because they treat race, class, and party as stable phenomena, when it is the changes in these phenomena and in their interactions that ought to be the focus of explanations for the reshaping of southern politics. A comprehensive successor to Key's masterwork will have to blend religion and ideology (which have also undergone dramatic changes in the six decades of southern history since Key wrote) with race and class, and it will have to describe and explain changes in governance, as well.", "date": "2010-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Annual Review of Political Science", "volume": "13", "publisher": "Annual Reviews", "pagerange": "365-383", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161021-154537245", "issn": "1094-2939", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161021-154537245", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1146/annurev.polisci.033008.091519", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5ts53-mte87", "eprint_id": 41331, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:27:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:39:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Professor Kousser Responds to Prof. Bickerstaff's Comments", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Accepted Version - Response_to_Bickerstaff_as_published.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "2008-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "See Also: An Online Companion to the Texas Law Review", "volume": "86", "publisher": "University of Texas", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-155400729", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-155400729", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Response_to_Bickerstaff_as_published.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5ts53-mte87/files/Response_to_Bickerstaff_as_published.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dav7r-qgf24", "eprint_id": 41330, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:15:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:39:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Strange, Ironic Career of Section Five of the Voting Rights Act", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Texas Law Review is an independent, student-run scholarly publication based at The University of Texas School of Law. \n\nI thank Peyton McCrary, Rick Pildes, Mike Pitts, and Mark Posner for suggesting important changes in this Article, as well as for saving me from many errors of fact and \ninterpretation, and I absolve them of any responsibility for the flaws that remain.\n\nAccepted Version - Kousser.SSRN.pdf
", "abstract": "Strange events and ironic conjunctions pervade the narrative of the \nrenewal of provisions of the Voting Rights Act 2005\u20132006. Never has the \nradical, still-controversial Act been treated in such hushed, reverential tones, \nand never has its discussion been so blatantly manipulated for immediate partisan advantage. Never have there been so many proposals for comprehensive \nchanges when the temporary parts of the Act have come up for renewal, and \nnever has there been less serious debate about the Act in committees and on the \nfloor of Congress. Never has support for the Act in Congress and the country \nseemed so universal, and never has its constitutional future before the Supreme \nCourt seemed so tenuous. \nThis Article shows that the strange, ironic nature of the recent \nconsideration of the Voting Rights Act is not unusual, but rather that it is typical \nof the history of the most controversial provision of the Act, Section 5, which \nrequires that all changes in election laws in \"covered jurisdictions,\" chiefly in \nthe Deep South, be submitted to the Justice Department or the District of \nColumbia District Court for \"preclearance\" before they are allowed to go into \neffect. In its early years, Section 5 was largely ignored by state and local \ngovernments, and the Justice Department was too disorganized to police it, \nanyway. After receiving a judicial blessing from the Supreme Court, Section 5 \nwas for the first time vigorously enforced by the Nixon Administration, which \nhad opposed its effective continuation, and the Carter Administration, the first \nadministration headed by a president from the Deep South since before the Civil \nWar. Two Supreme Court decisions in 1976 and 1980 that threatened to sap the \nAct's vigor instead stimulated civil rights activists to mount a campaign for \namendments that overwhelmed the Reagan Administration and led to the largest \nincrease in minority elected officials since the first years of the post-Civil War \nReconstruction. But no sooner had the promise of the Act finally been fulfilled \nthan the Supreme Court\u2014through strained interpretations of the Act's intentions \nand, even more ironically, through the use of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth \nAmendments to hamper, instead of to protect, minority political rights\u2014stripped \nthe Act of much of its power. By 2006, the Act's iconic status insured its \npersistence, but the fears of its staunchest proponents and the barely hidden \nantipathy of many members of the dominant political party prevented amendments that might have increased its chances to pass muster with the Roberts \nCourt. Eight days after President George W. Bush signed the law, Gregory \nColeman, a Texas lawyer with strong ties to the Republican Party, filed a serious \nchallenge to the constitutionality of Section 5. The strange career continues. \nAnalyzing the complete history of Section 5 and emphasizing the story's \nironic elements and shifting course yield lessons that may be useful in the continuing struggle to protect the political rights of minorities.", "date": "2008-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Texas Law Review", "volume": "86", "number": "4", "publisher": "University of Texas", "pagerange": "667-775", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-155021010", "issn": "0040-4411", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-155021010", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Kousser.SSRN.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dav7r-qgf24/files/Kousser.SSRN.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ae5mt-xz784", "eprint_id": 41226, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:56:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:32:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Free at Last to Vote: The Alabama Origins of the 1965 Voting Rights Act [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2008 by the author, J. Morgan Kousser.\n\nBook review of: Free at Last to Vote: The Alabama Origins of the 1965 Voting Rights Act / by Brian K. Landsberg. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2007. 280pp. Cloth. $34.95. ISBN: 9780700615100.\n\nPublished - Landsberg_review,_as_published.pdf
", "abstract": "As key provisions of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 were being considered for renewal in 2005-06, supporters and critics competed to eulogize the law. \"The statute accomplished what it was beautifully designed to do: ending black disfranchisement in the Jim Crow South,\" cooed Abigail Thernstrom, a critic (Thernstrom 2005). It was \"the twentieth century's noblest and most transformative law,\" George Will, a\nskeptic, chimed in (Will 2005). \"[P]erhaps the most significant piece of legislation ever passed,\" enthused Judiciary Subcommittee Chairman Steve Chabot, an Ohio Republican supporter (Arnold 2005).", "date": "2008-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Law and Politics Book Review", "volume": "18", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Political Science Association", "pagerange": "39-43", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130910-162442616", "issn": "1062-7421", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130910-162442616", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Landsberg_review,_as_published.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ae5mt-xz784/files/Landsberg_review,_as_published.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0pm3f-hqv58", "eprint_id": 41104, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:50:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:27:41", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Has California Gone Colorblind?", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "abstract": "Despite the 1870 passage of the Fifteenth Amendment prohibiting denial or abridgement\nof the right to vote on account of race, the vast majority of African\nAmericans in the southern United States were legally disfranchised by 1910, and\nmost remained voteless in the Deep South in 1960. (Kousser, 1974; Lawson,\n1976: 284) Because the timid 1957 and 1960 Civil Rights Acts proved ineffectual\nin the face of the refusal of adamantly discriminatory state and local officials\nto allow even the most obviously qualified blacks to register to vote, the\nCivil Rights Movement pressed for a more radical and comprehensive statute. In\n1965, after the Selma-to-Montgomery March, Congress responded by passing\nthe Voting Rights Act (VRA) (Landsberg, 2007). Although white southern obstruction\nof black voting registration swiftly collapsed in the late 1960s, leaders\nof the old racial order adopted another tactic to hang onto power: They instituted\nnew electoral structures, redrawing lines of local and state election districts to\ngive them safe white majorities or shifting from district to at-large elections to\nensure that small geographic areas where African Americans were in a majority\nwere submerged in larger, overwhelmingly white election territories (Parker,\n1990). In the 1969 case of Allen v. Board of Elections, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the VRA could be employed to attack such discriminatory structures,\nand Congress effectively endorsed the Court's interpretation when leading\nmembers and key committee reports explicitly approved the Allen decision during\nthe debate over the extension of key provisions of the VRA in 1970 (Kousser,\n1999: 56, 61).", "date": "2008", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Berkeley Public Policy Press", "place_of_pub": "Berkeley, CA", "pagerange": "267-289", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-101031410", "isbn": "9780877724261", "book_title": "The New Political Geography of California", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-101031410", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Douzet-F", "name": { "family": "Douzet", "given": "Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rick" } }, { "id": "Kousser-T", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "Thad" } }, { "id": "Miller-K-P", "name": { "family": "Miller", "given": "Kenneth P." } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sqn5p-bsg05", "eprint_id": 41860, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:45:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:51:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2007 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.\nBook review of: Jeff Manza and Christopher Uggen. Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy.\nNew York: Oxford University Press, 2006,\n384 pp. ISBN: 9780195149326.\n\nBook review of: Sasha Abramsky. Conned: How Millions Went to\nPrison, Lost the Vote, and Helped Send George W.\nBush to the White House. New York: The New\nPress, 2006, 304 pp. ISBN: 9781565849662.", "abstract": "When I worked in my first criminal disfranchisement\ncase in 1979, I thought it\nwas a mere tidying up operation, an effort to\noverturn the last vestiges of the openly racist\n1901 \"disfranchisement convention\" in darkest\nAlabama. I never imagined that the issue\nwould become much more critical in the ensuing\ndecades and that in 2006, I would be employed\nas an expert witness against felon disfranchisement\nin what claims to be the\nenlightened state of Washington. In many respects,\nthe world has not moved forward.", "date": "2007-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy", "volume": "6", "number": "1", "publisher": "Mary Ann Liebert", "pagerange": "104-112", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-094557525", "issn": "1533-1296", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-094557525", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1089/elj.2006.6009", "primary_object": { "basename": "felon_disfran_review,_page_proofs.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sqn5p-bsg05/files/felon_disfran_review,_page_proofs.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wnjtx-8db94", "eprint_id": 41752, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:45:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:43:58", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Disfranchisement Myth: Poor Whites and Suffrage Restriction in Alabama [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2007 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Inc.\nPosted Online February 7, 2007.\n\nBook review of: The Disfranchisement Myth: Poor Whites and Suffrage Restriction in Alabama. By Glenn Feldman (Athens, University of Georgia Press, 2004) 311 pp. 9780820326153.\n\nPublished - disenfranchisement-jinh.2007.37.4.646.pdf
", "abstract": "During the campaign to restrict suffrage in the late nineteenth- and early\ntwentieth-century South, upper-class Democrats from heavily African\nAmerican areas urged all whites, regardless of geography, class, or past\npartisanship, to recall the \"horrors\" of Reconstruction and unite behind\nthe \"reforms,\" pledging that legal means to disfranchise nearly all blacks,\nbut no whites, were possible. Feldman contends that poor whites were\nso strongly and irrationally racist that they believed the Democrats'\nempty promises, ignored their own economic and political self-interest,\nand committed political suicide (9\u201310, 23, 136). Often heavy-handedly\nattacking Woodward, Webb, and this reviewer as credulous propagators\nof \"the disfranchisement Myth\" that \"plain\" white anti-Democraticparty\nsympathizers opposed suffrage restriction, Feldman seeks to restore\nthe white-consensus view of southern politics, shorn of its original racist\npurposes (3\u201311, 123). Misrepresenting the views of the historians that\nhe attacks, distorting or ignoring evidence to fit his thesis, and performing\nonly the most simplistic statistical analysis of election returns,\nFeldman fails as badly as the disfranchisers did to obscure white disunity.", "date": "2007-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "37", "number": "4", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "646-647", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-153456064", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-153456064", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1162/jinh.2007.37.4.646", "primary_object": { "basename": "disenfranchisement-jinh.2007.37.4.646.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wnjtx-8db94/files/disenfranchisement-jinh.2007.37.4.646.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f1yf4-2b016", "eprint_id": 41337, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:59:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:39:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Democracy for All: Restoring Immigrant Voting Rights in the United States [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1996 Academy of Political Science.\n\nBook review of: Democracy for All: Restoring Immigrant Voting Rights in the United States. by Ron Hayduk. New York, Rowtledge, 2006. 264 pp. 9780415950725.", "abstract": "In February of 1992, Takoma Park, Maryland, a Montgomery County suburb\nof Washington DC with a population of less than eighteen thousand, attracted\nnational attention by allowing non-citizens, documented and undocumented,\nto vote in its local elections. What the public and many scholars probably do\nnot realize is that for various periods during the nineteenth century, thirty-seven\nAmerican states or territories included aliens in their electorates, and\nthat today, forty-five countries allow at least some immigrants to vote in some\nelections. This book by Ron Hayduk, co-director of the Immigrant Voting\nProject, is the most comprehensive survey on the subject of immigrant suffrage\nin the United States, an issue that has been revived as the proportion of immigrants has grown since 1970 and the battles over immigrant rights have\ncorrespondingly escalated.", "date": "2006-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Political Science Quarterly", "volume": "121", "number": "4", "publisher": "Academy of Political Science", "pagerange": "724-726", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-162344669", "issn": "0032-3195", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-162344669", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hma47-ab734", "eprint_id": 41751, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:16:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:43:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "From the Grassroots to the Supreme Court: Brown v. Board of Education and American Democracy [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: From the Grassroots to the Supreme\nCourt: Brown v. Board of Education and American\nDemocracy. (Constitutional Conflicts.) Durham,\nN.C.: Duke University Press. 2004. ISBN: 9780822334750", "abstract": "Only a reviewer will read more than a few of these sixteen,\ntoo short, too uncoordinated essays. They cover\ntoo many topics, focus on too many scattered and unrepresentative\nplaces, and employ too many diverse approaches\nand too many different styles of argument.\nFrom narrow legal history to hero and heroine-worshiping\nlocal history divorced from larger contexts, from\nstudies of African American factionalism to an attempt\nto effect a retrospective merger of rural and urban\nmovements for civil rights, from a biographical analysis\nof a white judge to a riff on the images of Brown, Emmett\nTill's murder, and the Montgomery bus boycott in\nblack cultural memory, the essays touch, much too\nlightly, on a wide variety of themes in minority history.\nNotably, but not surprisingly these days, the chapters\nvirtually ignore nonjudicial politics, especially the politics\nof white resistance, creating a world in which African\nAmericans, Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans,\nAsian Americans, and Native Americans valiantly\nshadow box, without much long-term success, against\nunseen opponents.", "date": "2006-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Historical Review", "volume": "111", "number": "1", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "231-232", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-153218385", "issn": "0002-8762", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-153218385", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1086/ahr.111.1.231", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q9hng-j8d32", "eprint_id": 41209, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:04:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:31:46", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Enclosure/Fence Laws", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2006 University of Tennessee Press.", "abstract": "In England, owners of farm animals were required to fence them in; if an animal damaged\nsomeone else's property, the owner of the animal was liable in court. In comparatively thinly-settled\ncolonial America, however, animals were allowed to run free, and farmers had to build\nfences around their crops or gardens; if an animal damaged property without a fence around it,\nthe owner of the animal was not guilty of a tort. As settlement patterns became more dense,\nhowever, movements to adopt the English system of \"stock laws\" spread.", "date": "2006", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "University of Tennessee Press", "place_of_pub": "Knoxville, TN", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130910-113949485", "isbn": "9781572334564", "book_title": "Encyclopedia of Appalachia", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130910-113949485", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Abramson-R", "name": { "family": "Abramson", "given": "Rudy" } }, { "id": "Haskell-J", "name": { "family": "Haskell", "given": "Jean" } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/j2sf6-fnv51", "eprint_id": 41753, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:53:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Origins of the New South Fifty Years Later: The Continuing Influence of a Historical Classic [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2005 Wiley-Blackwell.\n\nArticle first published online: 20 May 2005.\nBook review of: Origins of the New South Fifty Years Later: The Continuing Influence of a Historical\nClassic. Edited by John B. Boles and Bethany L. Johnson. Baton Rouge:\nLouisiana State University Press, 2003.\nISBN: 9780807129050", "abstract": "This collection of eight previously published essays, three comments, three afterwords,\na book review, and a short excerpt from a book explicates and challenges the most influential monograph ever written about post-Reconstruction Southern history. More\nuneven than most collections, it reveals as much about trends in the profession as\nabout C. Vann Woodward's masterpiece.", "date": "2005-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "The Historian", "volume": "67", "number": "2", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell", "pagerange": "307-309", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-153751843", "issn": "0018-2370", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-153751843", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1111/j.1540-6563.2005.00114.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vgh2a-79k90", "eprint_id": 41755, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:24:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Making History Count: A Primer in Quantitative Methods for Historians [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2005 Massachusetts Institute of Technology and The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Inc.\nBook review of: Making History Count: A Primer in Quantitative Methods for Historians.\nBy Charles H. Feinstein and Mark Thomas. New York, Cambridge\nUniversity Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780511077982\n\nPublished - Making_History_Count.pdf
", "abstract": "This is the best textbook on statistical methods ever written for a historical\naudience, Realizing that computers can relieve the burden of most\ncalculations, and that equations often frighten many historians whose\nwork and comprehension of others' work would benefit from more\nthan a passing acquaintance with statistics, Feinstein and Thomas require\nthat their readers have only a general familiarity with high-school algebra,\nand they include no mathematical proofs. They offer clear, well-illustrated,\nand exceptionally well-presented intuitive explanations of the\nbasic methods employed to analyze much historical data, particularly\neconomic data, along with well-designed exercises using real or invented,\nbut plausible, historical information. They return again and\nagain to four case studies downloadable without charge from the Cambridge University Press website for further analysis and practice. Well-written\nand jargon-free, neither simplistic nor patronizing, offering\nacute advice on research design, as well as on statistical techniques, this\nwork is equally appropriate for the classroom or self-study.", "date": "2005-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "35", "number": "4", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "622-623", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154013163", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154013163", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1162/002219505323382618", "primary_object": { "basename": "Making_History_Count.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vgh2a-79k90/files/Making_History_Count.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0k6eb-p3g30", "eprint_id": 41758, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:10:11", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "A Voting Rights Odyssey: Black Enfranchisement in Georgia [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2004 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.\n\nBook review of: A Voting Rights Odyssey: Black Enfranchisement in Georgia / Laughlin McDonald. Cambridge University Press: 2003. ISBN: 9780521812320.\n\nPublished - Voting_Rights_Struggles_in_Georgia.pdf
", "abstract": "Despite the widespread impression that anyone can teach history, and almost anyone can write it, the talents of lawyers and historians are actually rather disjoint. Historians are typically distance runners, mulling alone for years over obscure primary sources to come up with lengthy, sometimes deep, but rarely dazzling narratives. They synthesize; they write books. In contrast, attorneys are sprinters, working on tight deadlines, usually handling too many cases in too many areas of the law, rarely having\neither the time or the inclination to make sense of it all. They cross-examine; they write briefs.", "date": "2004-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Election Law Journal: Rules, Politics, and Policy", "volume": "3", "number": "1", "publisher": "Mary Ann Liebert", "pagerange": "53-62", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154645508", "issn": "1533-1296", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154645508", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1089/153312904322739934", "primary_object": { "basename": "Voting_Rights_Struggles_in_Georgia.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0k6eb-p3g30/files/Voting_Rights_Struggles_in_Georgia.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/snbrj-e4193", "eprint_id": 41756, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:10:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Minority Rights Revolution [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2004 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: The Minority Rights Revolution. By John D.\nSkrentny. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002. ISBN: 9780674016187", "abstract": "Extending his 1996 book, The Ironies of Affirmative\nAction, the cultural sociologist John D. Skrentny here unveils the bureaucratic processes\nwithin the national government that\nrapidly turned what began as civil rights for\nAfrican Americans into \"minority rights\" for\nwomen, Latinos, Native Americans, and the\ndisabled, but not for white ethnics, gays, or\nlesbians. Once the long black struggle against\nlegalized discrimination reached its climax in\nthe mass demonstrations and landmark legislation\nof the 1960s, extension to other groups,\nhe asserts, \"came quietly, to the notice of very\nfew and resistance of almost none, in behind-the-\nscenes bureaucratic rulings, initiatives,\nand decisions\" (p. 211). \"It is not clear,\"\nSkrentny concludes, pointing particularly to\nfederal support for bilingual education, \"that\nlobbying, protest, and movement leadership\nwere important or necessary for inclusion in\nthe minority rights revolution,\" a revolution\nthat \"took place while no one was watching\"\n(pp. 306, 249).", "date": "2004-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "90", "number": "4", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "1546-1547", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154205871", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154205871", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ew0nc-1n924", "eprint_id": 41757, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:54:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Jumpin' Jim Crow: Southern Politics from Civil War to Civil Rights [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2003 Georgia Historical Society.\nBook review of: Jumpin' Jim Crow: Southern Politics From Civil War to Civil Rights. Edited by\nJane Dailey, Glenda Elizabeth Gilmore, and Bryant Simon. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000. Pp. xvi, 325. Index. ISBN 0-691-00192-8 cloth. ISBN 0-691-00193-6 paper.", "abstract": "In their acknowledgments at the beginning of these essays,\nwhich trumpet the arrival of a new southern political history, Jane\nDailey, Glenda Gilmore, and Bryant Simon give special thanks to\ntheir defenders at \"the raucous 'New Directions in Southern Political\nHistory' session at the Southern Historical Meeting in Atlanta\nin 1998\" (p. xiii). Along with the late and very much missed\nHoward Rabinowitz, I was a commentator (and not a defender) at\nthat session. Although I was aware that the panel had instantly attained\nan almost mythical status, as embellished and, in some instances, considerably distorted accounts of the session circulated\namong historians, I had not previously realized that the myth-making\nwent as far as changing the date of the convention, which actually\ntook place a year earlier, in 1997. It is characteristic of the\nauthors' attitudes toward what one contributor refers to in quotation\nmarks as \"facts\" (p. 133) that they begin their book by mistaking\nthe date of what they seem to consider a pivotal and traumatic\nevent.", "date": "2003-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Georgia Historical Quarterly", "volume": "87", "number": "3-4", "publisher": "Georgia Historical Society", "pagerange": "427-448", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154436445", "issn": "0016-8297", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154436445", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z896d-cxn66", "eprint_id": 41759, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:31:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888-1908 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2003 The MIT Press.\nBook review of: Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888-1908 by Michael Perman. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2001. ISBN: 9780807825938\n\nPublished - Struggle_for_Mastery.pdf
", "abstract": "In substance and methodology, this book represents a retreat to an earlier\nera. Perman refuses to state his or others' hypotheses clearly, or he\nqualifies them out of existence, repeatedly contradicts himself, arranges\ninformation to avoid confronting inconvenient facts, eschews quantitative\nor explicit qualitative tests, and undermines generalizations by exaggerating\nsmall differences and glossing over large ones.", "date": "2003-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "34", "number": "1", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "109-110", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154926469", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-154926469", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Struggle_for_Mastery.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z896d-cxn66/files/Struggle_for_Mastery.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3804y-d6n51", "eprint_id": 41929, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:44:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:55:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Easter Massacre and Legal Abstraction [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Book Review of: Robert Goldman. Reconstruction and Black Suffrage: Losing the Vote in Reese and Cruikshank. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001. xiv + 182 pp. ISBN 9780700610693 (paper); ISBN 9780700610686 (cloth). \n\nReview Published on H-Pol (January, 2003).\n\nPublished - Easter-Massacre-Legal-Abstraction_review_7103.pdf
Submitted - goldman.pdf
", "abstract": "When the largest peacetime massacre of African-Americans in nineteenth century America took\nplace on Easter Sunday, 1873, in Colfax, Louisiana, the U.S. government possessed the tools to\nprosecute the murderers. The First Enforcement Act, passed 62 days after the ratification of the\nFifteenth Amendment, prohibited private individuals, as well as state officials, from taking any\nof a series of specific actions aimed at prohibiting or discouraging anyone qualified to vote in a\nstate or local election from voting or from performing any prerequisites to voting. After all,\nwhat was the use of removing the word \"white\" from state suffrage laws if the states\ndisfranchised blacks by other means or offered no protection to African-Americans who sought\nto vote or to assume offices to which they were legally elected? And the law clearly applied to\nthe \"Colfax Massacre\" of at least 105 black men, about 50 of whom where executed after\nsurrendering to the well-organized group of about 300 armed whites, because the massacre was\nthe direct result of a disputed election. After an election in which they had almost surely won a\nmajority of the votes, local black Republican candidates had attempted a peaceful occupation of\nthe Grant Parish court house. Their slaughter was not a conventional assault that a local or state\ngovernment could be expected to handle, but the climactic event in a struggle for control of local\ngovernment -- Columbus Nash, the Democratic candidate for sheriff, led the white mob.", "date": "2003-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "H-Net Reviews", "publisher": "H-Net, Humanities and Social Sciences OnLine", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131015-161703591", "issn": "1538-0661", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131015-161703591", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Easter-Massacre-Legal-Abstraction_review_7103.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3804y-d6n51/files/Easter-Massacre-Legal-Abstraction_review_7103.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "goldman.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3804y-d6n51/files/goldman.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8g3ts-6qs12", "eprint_id": 41164, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:32:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:11", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Grandfather Clause", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "2003", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Charles Scribner's Sons", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-100759136", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-100759136", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Kutler-S-I", "name": { "family": "Kutler", "given": "Stanley I." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "grandfather_clause,_for_dah.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8g3ts-6qs12/files/grandfather_clause,_for_dah.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ca198-1az20", "eprint_id": 41165, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:32:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:14", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Jim Crow Laws", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Charles Scribner's Sons, c2003.\n\nAccepted Version - jim_crow_laws.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "2003", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Charles Scribner's Sons", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-100931915", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-100931915", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "name": { "family": "Kutler", "given": "Stanley I." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "jim_crow_laws.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ca198-1az20/files/jim_crow_laws.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n0r9j-sg912", "eprint_id": 41166, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:32:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:16", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Plessy v. Ferguson", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Charles Scribner's Sons, c2003.\n\nAccepted Version - plessy_v_ferguson.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "2003", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Charles Scribner's Sons", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "370-371", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-101111181", "isbn": "0684805332", "book_title": "Dictionary of American History, 3rd edition", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-101111181", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Kutler-S-I", "name": { "family": "Kutler", "given": "Stanley I." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "plessy_v_ferguson.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n0r9j-sg912/files/plessy_v_ferguson.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q1pa6-cg367", "eprint_id": 41167, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:32:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:18", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Reitman v. Mulkey", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Charles Scribner's Sons, c2003.\n\nAccepted Version - reitman_v_mulkey.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "2003", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Charles Scribner's Sons", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "82", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-101241209", "isbn": "0684805332", "book_title": "Dictionary of American History, 3rd edition", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-101241209", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Kutler-S-I", "name": { "family": "Kutler", "given": "Stanley I." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "reitman_v_mulkey.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q1pa6-cg367/files/reitman_v_mulkey.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p1vxt-0et56", "eprint_id": 41168, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:32:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:20", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Voter Registration", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Charles Scribner's Sons, c2003.\n\nAccepted Version - voter_registration.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "2003", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Charles Scribner's Sons", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "353-355", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-101522730", "isbn": "0684805332", "book_title": "Dictionary of American History, 3rd edition", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-101522730", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Kutler-S-I", "name": { "family": "Kutler", "given": "Stanley I." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "voter_registration.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p1vxt-0et56/files/voter_registration.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5xp0a-g6e92", "eprint_id": 41176, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:32:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:37", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Voter Residency Requirements", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Charles Scribner's Sons, c2003.\n\nAccepted Version - voter_residency_requirements.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "2003", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Charles Scribner's Sons", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "355", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-131959278", "isbn": "0684805332", "book_title": "Dictionary of American History, 3rd edition", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-131959278", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Kutler-S-I", "name": { "family": "Kutler", "given": "Stanley I." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "voter_residency_requirements.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5xp0a-g6e92/files/voter_residency_requirements.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jtd2g-17518", "eprint_id": 41177, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:32:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:39", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Voting", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Charles Scribner's Sons, c2003.\n\nAccepted Version - voting.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "2003", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Charles Scribner's Sons", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "355-357", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-132115424", "isbn": "0684805332", "book_title": "Dictionary of American History, 3rd edition", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-132115424", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Kutler-S-I", "name": { "family": "Kutler", "given": "Stanley I." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "voting.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jtd2g-17518/files/voting.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pvsfc-yjc09", "eprint_id": 41332, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:00:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:39:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "\"The Onward March of Right Principles\" - State Legislative Actions on Racial Discrimination in Schools in Nineteenth-Century America", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "American political development, integration, race\nrelations, schools, state legislatures", "note": "\u00a9 2002 Heldref Publications.", "abstract": "C. Vann Woodward transformed the history of race relations\nby focusing on the development of southern state segregation\nlaws and practices. Anchoring his arguments in social science\nresearch,Woodward considered such laws to be both indicators and\nshapers of interpersonal attitudes and behavior. Neither historians\nnor political scientists have pursued Woodward's larger project of\nexplaining the course of race relations in America, confining themselves\nlargely to descriptive case studies of individual states or\nshort periods of time or delving into vaguely defined cultures of\nracial customs and rhetoric.\nAfter showing how social scientific models of attitudes might\nilluminate not only Woodward's Jim Crow thesis but also other\nfacets of the history of race relations, the author turns to the analysis\nof school racial-integration laws considered in 15 northern\nstates and actually passed in 13 of them from 1855 through 1887.\nDeveloping gradually, the northern school integration laws\namounted, in effect, to mirror images of the southern Jim Crow\nlaws that Woodward highlighted. What social and political factors\nexplain the dates at which each state, beginning with Massachusetts\nin 1855 and ending with Ohio in 1887, passed such laws, and\nhow could those factors reflect the models of attitudes sketched\nearlier? As might be expected, surges in support for the Republican\nor allied parties speeded the passage of integration laws. More\nsurprising, an index of the convenience of segregated schools bore\nno relation to the date of passage, and the presence of a relatively\nlarge percentage of foreign-born people in a state, particularly the\nIrish or Canadian, actually made the enactment of school integration\nfor African Americans easier than in more homogeneously\nnative-born white states.\nIn the last section, both methodological and substantive\nimplications are laid out. Systematically studying policies in a\nnumber of states over a substantial period of time might further\ninvigorate the political science subfield of American Political\nDevelopment and help revive the subject of government in American\npolitical history. Finally, the conflicts and progressive\nchange sketched here make it difficult to believe in a solid whitesupremacist\nconsensus in late-nineteenth-century America, the\nstudy of such conflicts promises to restore African Americans to\na role as shapers of the country's race relations, and the events of\nthe First Post-Reconstruction period suggest parallels with the\npost-1965 era in American race relations, which might be termed\nthe Second Post-Reconstruction.", "date": "2002-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods", "volume": "35", "number": "4", "publisher": "Heldref Publications", "pagerange": "177-204", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-155701734", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-155701734", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01615440209601207", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vah97-h9870", "eprint_id": 41861, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:36:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:51:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2001 Oxford University Press.\n\nBook review of: The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States. By Alexander Keyssar. New York: Basic Books, 2000. xxiv, 467 pp., ISBN 0-465-02968-X.\n\nBook review of: Why America Stopped Voting: The Decline of Participatory Democracy and the Emergence of Modern American Politics. By Mark Lawrence Kornbluh. New York: New York University Press, 2000. xvi, 242 pp., ISBN 0-8147-4708-6.\n\nDraft - keyssar.pdf
", "abstract": "Alexander Keyssar's largely intellectual history of suffrage throughout the nation's history and Mark Lawrence Kornbluh's largely quantitative analysis of the transition from nearly universal male political participation in the late 1800s to the much less active polity of the twentieth century underscore a simple but of- ten neglected lesson: Because words and behavior are sometimes at variance, scholars should study both. The division of labor between these two books leads to contradictory conclusions. Despite mentions of low con- temporary voter turnout and unequal political power at the beginning and end of his book, Keyssar's is mainly a hopeful story of the sometimes reversed but eventually successful dismantling of class, race, and gender barriers to voting, in that unusual order of emphasis. Kornbluh's is explicitly a story of decline, from a late-nineteenth-century polity in which nearly every man, at least in the North, not only voted but argued, marched, and often organized for his party, to a deferential, interest group-and expert-dominated political system in the twentieth. In one, democracy flowers; in the other, it withers", "date": "2001-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "88", "number": "3", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "1044-1046", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-095057518", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-095057518", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "keyssar.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vah97-h9870/files/keyssar.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dyzfm-paj86", "eprint_id": 41001, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:48:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Ecological Inference from Goodman to King", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2001 Heldref Publications.", "abstract": "Since it was introduced to historians nearly three\ndecades ago, a statistical technique known as ecological\nregression has been widely used to analyze\naggregate election returns and similar data in history,\npolitical science, and law, and methodologists have discussed\nproblems with, extensions of, and alternatives to\nthe technique. The literature has become so vast and complicated,\nand recent contributions to it are of such importance,\nthat it is time for a comprehensive review. This article\nprovides that review, starting at an elementary level,\nsorting through the major arguments and evidence, and\nexplaining the nature of the most complicated as well as\nthe simplest methods. Taking an intuitive, rather than a\nstatistically rigorous approach, the article is aimed at historians\nand political scientists, particularly graduate students,\nwho already have some statistical knowledge.\nLawyers and expert witnesses in voting-rights cases may\nalso find the article useful.", "date": "2001-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods", "volume": "34", "number": "3", "publisher": "Heldref Publications", "pagerange": "101-126", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-143346459", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-143346459", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01615440109598976", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zg0sw-ftj81", "eprint_id": 41611, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:57:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:53:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Evaluating Ecological Inference: An Introduction", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "Published online: 30 Mar 2010.", "abstract": "The articles in this theme issue-separated into Part 1 (Summer) and Part 2 (Fall) - consider a wide range of data, comparing results produced by Gary King's recently developed ecological inference (EI) technique with those of Leo Goodman's older ecological regression (ER) method, sometimes benefiting from more direct evidence of individual behavior against which to match findings from both procedures. The conclusions are interesting, suggestive, even surprising.", "date": "2001", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods", "volume": "34", "number": "3", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "100", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131002-112158574", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131002-112158574", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01615440109598975", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2f8w6-yrn50", "eprint_id": 41182, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:57:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:48", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Reconstruction", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Accepted Version - reconstruction.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "2001", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "653-655", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-133046635", "isbn": "0195082095", "book_title": "Oxford Companion to United States History", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-133046635", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Boyer-P-S", "name": { "family": "Boyer", "given": "Paul S." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "reconstruction.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2f8w6-yrn50/files/reconstruction.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bx3t3-pdh05", "eprint_id": 41762, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:50:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Southern Paternalism and the American Welfare State: Economics, Politics, and Institutions in the South, 1865-1965 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Independent Institute.\nBook review of: Southern Paternalism and the American Welfare State: Economics, Politics, and Institutions in\nthe South, 1865-1965. By Lee J. Alston and Joseph P. Ferrie. Cambridge: Cambridge University\nPress, 1999. Pp. xii. ISBN: 9780521622103\n\nDraft - alston.pdf
", "abstract": "The decline of a private system of social welfare on southern cotton plantations, Alston\nand Ferrie maintain in this sprightly institutionalist history, was the prerequisite for the rise of\nthe national welfare state in the United States. Three conditions, they argue, supported southern\npaternalism. First, white and especially black tenant farmers and sharecroppers needed well-connected\npatrons to protect them from antipathetic laws and adverse economic and social\nnorms -- laws and norms fostered and enforced by the privileged class from which patrons could\nbe drawn. Second, plantation owners had an incentive to provide their workers with protection\nand to facilitate loans to them in order to reduce labor turnover and the monitoring costs of a\ndecentralized production process. Paternalism bought loyalty and hard work. Third, owners\nopposed any extension of national welfare benefits to southern farm workers because such laws\nmight interfere with patron-client relationships or even substitute a governmental for a private\npatron. Fortunately for them, the South's one-party politics and the House and Senate norms\ndesignating the most senior members as powerful committee chairmen gave white southerners\neffective veto power over national social welfare legislation. The combination of these three\nfactors allowed the paternalistic equilibrium to be maintained for a century after the Civil War.", "date": "2000-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "The Independent Review", "volume": "4", "number": "3", "publisher": "Independent Institute", "pagerange": "452-456", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-155505505", "issn": "2169-3420", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-155505505", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "alston.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bx3t3-pdh05/files/alston.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cqpmx-e7a77", "eprint_id": 41761, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:14:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Social History: Problems, Strategies and Methods [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\nBook review of: Social History: Problems, Strategies and Methods. By Miles Fairburn. New\nYork, St. Martin's Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780312221232\n\nPublished - 002219500551541.pdf
", "abstract": "New Zealand social historian Fairburn's textbook on research design\nand argumentation should be widely adopted for graduate classes in\nhistory. Drawing on the philosophy of science, Fairburn questions the\nwidespread practices in social history of, for instance, generalizing from\nisolated instances, unsystematically assessing differences and similarities\nbetween and within various groups, and evaluating interpretations on\nmainly stylistic or ideological grounds, instead of on the basis of the\nlogic and power of their models. Although he persuasively criticizes the\ncultural relativism of postmodernist and hermeneutic approaches as\nself-refuting, he is better, and more comfortable, discussing such \"soft\"\nstances than he is discussing economics and other \"hard\" social sciences\u2014\nwhich he virtually ignores, despite economists' numerous contributions\nto social history\u2014or statistical methods\u2014which he distrusts\nwhen authors cannot completely explain them in simple terms to skeptical\ninnumerates.", "date": "2000-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "31", "number": "2", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "247-248", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-155143367", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-155143367", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1162/002219500551541", "primary_object": { "basename": "002219500551541.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cqpmx-e7a77/files/002219500551541.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3217g-9j952", "eprint_id": 41621, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:54:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:53:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Duties of Historians", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Debate on review of Colorblind Injustice on H-POL (subset of H-NET).\n\nBook review of: J. Morgan Kousser. Colorblind Injustice: Minority Voting Rights and the Undoing of the Second Reconstruction. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999. 608 pp. (paper), ISBN 9780807847381; (cloth), ISBN 978080782431-3.\n\nAccepted Version - duties.pdf
", "abstract": "Beneath its calm tone, Prof. Benedict's long, thoughtful, and at times quite sympathetic\nreview of my book challenges assumptions about the purposes of history and the duties of\nhistorians that lie at the book's (and other books') foundations. Thus, Benedict questions,\namong other things, the propriety of choosing and exploring historical topics in part out of a\ndesire to contribute to current policy debates; the utility of combining historical, social\nscientific, and legal approaches; the desirability of openly declaring one's convictions and\ncontending with opposing viewpoints; the likelihood that clear statements and explicit tests of\nhypotheses and open consideration of all major pieces of evidence will allow conclusions to be\nand to be seen as objective; and the possibility of assigning motives to historical actors. Do\nhistorians necessarily betray their profession and their objectivity by focusing on topics relevant\nto contemporary policies? Must they appear dispassionate, their histories, bloodless? Can\nhistorians assess human motives, or are people's capacities for rationalization so overwhelming\nand the probability of unintended consequences of their actions so high that any search for\nmotives is fruitless? Putting the skeptical views of historians' objectivity and their subjects'\nsubjectivity together, is historical knowledge even possible? It is worth taking a bit of space to\nrespond to such questions.", "date": "2000-06-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "H-Net Reviews", "publisher": "H-Net, Humanities and Social Sciences OnLine", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131002-140009120", "issn": "1538-0661", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131002-140009120", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "duties.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3217g-9j952/files/duties.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/emktp-67z05", "eprint_id": 41019, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:50:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:23:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Injustice and Scholarship AND Response to Commentaries", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2000 by the Social Science History Association.\nPublished by Duke University Press.\n\nIntroduction: Injustice and Scholarship: pgs. 415-421. \nResponses to commentaries: pgs. 443-450.\n\nSubmitted - ssh2000.pdf
", "abstract": "[Injustice and Scholarship] Colorblind Injustice largely derives from my work as an expert witness in federal voting rights cases. A vignette from one particularly important case, Garza v. Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors (1990), and a relatively brief summary may give those who have not yet read the book both a feel for its scope and a sense of how the issues it deals with impact real people.\n\n[Response to Commentaries] The often kind and always interesting comments of Larry Griffin, David James, and Bradley Palmquist touch different aspects of Colorblind Injustice. Let me respond to them, in effect, in chronological order, according to which periods of history illuminate the comments the most.", "date": "2000-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Science History", "volume": "24", "number": "2", "publisher": "Social Science History Association", "pagerange": "415-450", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-162821010", "issn": "0145-5532", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-162821010", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "ssh2000.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/emktp-67z05/files/ssh2000.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ygaba-g8q66", "eprint_id": 41062, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:25:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:25:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Supreme Court and the Undoing of the Second Reconstruction", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Phi Kappa Phi.\nJ. Morgan Kousser is Professor\nof History and Social Science\nat the California Institute of\nTechnology and the author of\nColorblind Injustice: Minority\nVote Dilution and the Undoing\nof the Second Reconstruction\n(University of North Carolina\nPress, 1999), from which this\narticle loosely draws.", "abstract": "At the height of the First Reconstruction in the 1870s, over 300 African\nAmericans were elected to the state legislatures and the U.S. Congress from\nthe eleven states that had seceded during the Civil War. By 1880, however,\nviolence, intimidation, ballot-box stuffing, poll-tax and voter-registration laws, and gerrymandering had reduced the number of blacks elected to those\noffices by more than two-thirds.", "date": "2000-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "National Forum", "volume": "80", "number": "2", "publisher": "Honor Society of Phi Kappa Phi", "pagerange": "25-31", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130903-134153007", "issn": "0162-1831", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130903-134153007", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mf8ve-z0098", "eprint_id": 41183, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:05:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:50", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Poll Tax", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Submitted - poll_tax.pdf
", "abstract": "The poll or capitation (head) tax in the United States was a lump sum tax levied by state\nand local governments on individuals, who often had to pay the tax in order to vote. Popularly\nassociated with racial and class restrictions on suffrage in the South, it actually expanded the\nsuffrage when it was introduced shortly after the American Revolution, it unintentionally\ndiscouraged voting by white women after 1920, it was exaggeratedly blamed for many of the\nSouth's ills in the 1930s and 40s, and after a long crusade against it, it was banned in the mid-\n1960s as a mere footnote to the civil rights movement.", "date": "2000", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "CQ Press", "place_of_pub": "Washington, D.C.", "pagerange": "208-209", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-133738580", "isbn": "9781568024158", "book_title": "International Encyclopedia of Elections", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-133738580", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Rose-R", "name": { "family": "Rose", "given": "Richard" } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "poll_tax.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mf8ve-z0098/files/poll_tax.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pr02c-zdd26", "eprint_id": 41180, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:04:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:44", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Reapportionment", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Supplement II (New York: Macmillan, 2000). \nSet includes all of the material from the original four-volume set and 1992 Supplement, as well as updated original articles and new articles covering concepts and court cases since 1992.\n\nAccepted Version - reapportionment.pdf
", "abstract": "In 1991, reapportionment and redistricting were the most open, democratic, and racially\negalitarian in American history. A series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions beginning with Shaw\nv. Reno in 1993, however, insured that the 2001 redistricting would be completely different.", "date": "2000", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Macmillan Reference USA", "place_of_pub": "New York", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-132510995", "isbn": "0028648803 (set)", "book_title": "Encyclopedia of the American Constitution", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-132510995", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Levy-L-W", "name": { "family": "Levy", "given": "Leonard W." } }, { "id": "Karst-K-L", "name": { "family": "Karst", "given": "Kenneth L." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "reapportionment.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pr02c-zdd26/files/reapportionment.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/at4gv-n9p51", "eprint_id": 41181, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:05:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:46", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Voting Rights", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Supplement II (New York: Macmillan, 2000). \nSet includes all of the material from the original four-volume set and 1992 Supplement, as well as updated original articles and new articles covering concepts and court cases since 1992.\n\nAccepted Version - voting_rights.pdf
", "abstract": "The 1980s began inauspiciously for supporters of minority voting rights when a plurality\nof the Supreme Court ruled in City of Mobile v. Bolden (1980) that the Voting Rights Act\nprohibited only intentional discrimination. Yet two years later, civil rights forces, over Reagan\nAdministration objections, amended the Act to make clear that it was meant to prohibit laws or\npractices that had either the intent or the effect of discriminating against people on the basis of\nrace. The bipartisan consensus in favor of a strengthened Voting Rights Act, the explicit\nstandards in the authoritative Senate report on the Act, and the attention and elan that the 1981-\n82 struggle restored to voting rights carried the movement to successes through the rest of the\n1980s. At-large elections like those at issue in Bolden were declared illegal in many areas in the\nSouth and some outside it.", "date": "2000", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Macmillan Reference USA", "place_of_pub": "New York", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-132618510", "isbn": "0028648803 (set)", "book_title": "Encyclopedia of the American Constitution", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-132618510", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Levy-L-W", "name": { "family": "Levy", "given": "Leonard W." } }, { "id": "Karst-K-L", "name": { "family": "Karst", "given": "Kenneth L." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "voting_rights.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/at4gv-n9p51/files/voting_rights.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ze3ra-ye641", "eprint_id": 41063, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:04:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:25:53", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "What Light Does the Civil Rights Act of 1875 Shed on the Civil Rights Act of 1964?", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2000 University Press of Virginia.\n\nDraft - CR1964.pdf
", "abstract": "The 1964 Civil Rights Act was the first serious antiracist law to pass the U.S. Congress\nsince a similar but much less comprehensive law was enacted eight-nine years\nearlier, during the First Reconstruction. What sort of struggle led to the proposal\nand adoption of the 1875 law, how has that law been viewed by historians, what effects\ndid it have, and what parallels and differences were there between the 1875\nand 1964 episodes? What can we learn about the Second Reconstruction by comparing\nit with the First? (See Kousser 1992 for a fuller discussion of the two eras,\nroughly 1865-95 and 1950-90.)", "date": "2000", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "University Press of Virginia", "place_of_pub": "Charlottesville, VA", "pagerange": "33-40", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130903-134404500", "isbn": "9780813919201", "book_title": "Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130903-134404500", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Grofman-B", "name": { "family": "Grofman", "given": "Bernard" } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "CR1964.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ze3ra-ye641/files/CR1964.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hghkq-sf310", "eprint_id": 41763, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:55:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Mistaken Identity: The Supreme Court and the Politics of Minority Representation [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Cambridge University Press.\nBook review of: Mistaken Identity: The Supreme Court and the Politics of\nMinority Representation. By Keith J. Bybee. Princeton,\nNJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. ISBN: 9781400822775\n\nPublished - 2586145.pdf
Accepted Version - bybee.pdf
", "abstract": "In a series of contentious, confusing, and contradictory\nopinions beginning with Shaw v. Reno (1993), the Supreme\nCourt has outlawed some but not all congressional and state\nlegislative districts that were designed to ensure that African-American and Latino voters had genuine opportunities to\nelect candidates of their choice. Citing only Supreme Court\nopinions and a small part of the huge secondary literature on\nvoting rights and redistricting, Keith Bybee claims that, in\nvoting rights cases, \"conservatives\" and \"progressives\" have\nfundamentally struggled over the definition of \"who 'the\npeople' are\" (p. 7), but his own analysis and prescriptions are\nnot persuasive. He too readily dismisses or ignores empirical\nscholarship, disregards many Supreme and lower court opinions\nthat do not fit his scheme, and provides no justification\nin logic or constitutional law for his key proposal.", "date": "1999-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Political Science Review", "volume": "93", "number": "4", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "pagerange": "968-969", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-155705027", "issn": "0003-0554", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-155705027", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "2586145.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hghkq-sf310/files/2586145.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "bybee.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hghkq-sf310/files/bybee.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p0rw8-g9350", "eprint_id": 40997, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:55:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Recognizing Activist-Scholars: 1999 Lillian Smith Award Winners", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Southern Regional Council.\n\nDraft - smith.pdf
", "abstract": "On November 6, 1999, the Lillian Smith Book Award\nfor nonfiction was given to J. Morgan Kousser for Colorblind\nInjustice: Minority Voting Rights and the Undoing of\nthe Second Reconstruction, University of North Carolina\nPress; and to Leroy Davis for A Clashing of the Soul:\nJohn Hope and the Dilemma of African American\nLeadership and Black Higher Education in the\nEarly Twentieth Century, University of Georgia Press.\nBelow are remarks from the winners and former SRC\npresident Paul Gaston and Lillian Smith jury member Rose\nGladney who introduced Kousser and Davis.", "date": "1999-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Southern Changes", "volume": "21", "number": "4", "publisher": "Southern Regional Council", "pagerange": "8-13", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-140851204", "issn": "0193-2446", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-140851204", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "smith.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p0rw8-g9350/files/smith.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r54v1-yp387", "eprint_id": 41764, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:55:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Religion, Race, and Reconstruction: The Public School in the Politics of the 1870s [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: Ward M. McAfee. Religion, Race, and Reconstruction:\nThe Public School in the Politics of the 1870s. (SUNY\nSeries, Religion and American Public Life.) Albany:\nState University of New York Press. 1998. ISBN: 9780585059327", "abstract": "Not since 1870s Democratic speeches and editorials\nhave the Radical Republicans been charged with plotting\nto build up a Bismarckian centralized state by\nusing public schools to launch an anti-Catholic, pro-black\n\"Kulturkamp'f (p. 215). From their beginnings in\nMassachusetts, according to Ward M. McAfee, the\n\"primary characteristic\" of public schools \"was an\nagenda for standardizing American culture\" (p. 10).\nAfter the Civil War, education became \"the Republican\nParty solution\" to the ignorance and poverty both\nof freed people in the South and of Catholic immigrants\nin the North, but Republicans were more\ninterested in \"cultural standardization\" than in \"true\nself-determination\" for blacks and more concerned \"to\ncreate an unwanted cultural homogeneity\" than in\neconomic uplift for either group (pp. 11, 13, 162).", "date": "1999-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Historical Review", "volume": "104", "number": "5", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "1677-1678", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-155854574", "issn": "0002-8762", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-155854574", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gxja6-dpb61", "eprint_id": 41842, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:29:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:49:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Violence and Law in the Shaping of Southern Politics [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Book review of: Kenneth C. Barnes. Who Killed John Clayton? Political Violence and the Emergence of the New South, 1861-1893. and London: Duke University Press, 1998. xii + 202 pp. ISBN 978-0-8223-2072-2 (paper); ISBN 978-0-8223-2058-6 (cloth). \n\nReview published on H-Pol (July, 1999).\n\nPublished - Violence_and_Law_in_the_Shaping_of_Southern_Politics_review_3214.pdf
", "abstract": "New South Democrats didn't usually assassinate opposing\ncongressional candidates, especially white ones.\nSuch outmoded, Reconstruction-era tactics were generally\nunnecessary. By controlling the polls, the respectable\nupper class could simply count out the parties\nof the lesser orders. \ue049en, through poll taxes, gerrymandering,\nswitching to at-large elections, and similar\nschemes, Democrats could reduce opposition votes directly\nor at least cut down the number of officials that\nthe Republicans, independents, Greenbackers, or Populists\nwould be able to elect. Only when the immediate\nthreat to its hold on power was especially grave or when\nit decided to quash such challenges once and for all did\nthe Democratic party, o\ue039en through its Klan or Red Shirt\nfront groups, resort to widespread, systematic violence.", "date": "1999-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "H-Net Reviews", "publisher": "H-Net, Humanities and Social Sciences OnLine", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-152933127", "issn": "1538-0661", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-152933127", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Violence_and_Law_in_the_Shaping_of_Southern_Politics_review_3214.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gxja6-dpb61/files/Violence_and_Law_in_the_Shaping_of_Southern_Politics_review_3214.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a5w88-90z02", "eprint_id": 41930, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:04:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:55:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Two-Party Politics in the One-Party South: Alabama's Hill Country, 1874-1920", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Cambridge University Press.\n\nPublished - 2566526.pdf
Draft - webb.pdf
", "abstract": "Woodrow Wilson received only 70 percent of the votes in the 1912 presidential election\nin Alabama, a dozen years after the disfranchisement of many poor whites and over 90\npercent of the state's then overwhelmingly Republican African-Americans. What was the\nlineage of the remainder of the largely white Republican voters of 1912? Were they new\nmen, industrialists and their allies, or employees in Birmingham and other cities, attracted\nby the Republicans' traditional high tariff stance and alienated by the Democratic party of\nWilliam Jennings Bryan? Were they ex-Unionists, nonslaveholders from the Hill Country\nin the north or the Wiregrass region in the south who had opposed the Black Belt slavocracy\nbefore the Civil War, joined the Republican party during Reconstruction, and stayed\nmore or less loyal to it afterwards? Or were they latter-day Jacksonian communitarian\nopponents of \"the market,\" as well as of strong government and Reconstruction activism,\nindependent voters in the 1880s and Populists in the 1890s? Studying some of the major\npolitical leaders who opposed the Democrats in 15 (chiefly, in 5) Hill Country counties\nfrom the 1870s through 1920, Samuel L. Webb emphasizes the third group and says that\nthey mostly backed the \"progressive\" Theodore Roosevelt, not the more \"conservative\"\nWilliam Howard Taft.", "date": "1999-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Economic History", "volume": "59", "number": "1", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "pagerange": "234-235", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131015-161938539", "issn": "0022-0507", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131015-161938539", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "2566526.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a5w88-90z02/files/2566526.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "webb.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a5w88-90z02/files/webb.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r9vj6-14779", "eprint_id": 41179, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:41:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:41", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Voting Districts and Minority Representation", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "2nd ed., Microsoft Corp.\n\nEntry in the Ecarta Africana, incorporated in 2 computer optical discs.\n\nAn encyclopedia on the history, geography, and culture of Africans and people of African descent. Features over 3,600 articles enhanced by 200 side bars, over 2,900 media elements, audio clips, photos, illustrations, and videos. Include a timeline of African American music from the 1870's to present day, a media-rich chronology of the U.S. civil rights movement, the library of Black America (a collection of poem, narratives, and novels by African Americans that date from 1773 to 1918), and links to the World Wide Web.\n\nAccepted Version - voting_districts_and_minority_representation.pdf
", "abstract": "In 1872, in the first congressional reapportionment after African-Americans won the\nright to vote everywhere in the country, white North Carolina Democrats packed blacks into a\nstrangely-shaped, over-populated, predominantly black congressional district in a racially\ndiscriminatory and partisan effort to minimize the influence of black Republican voters. Neither\nthis nor any of the myriad of other nineteenth century anti-black racial gerrymanders was\nchallenged in court. 120 years later in 1992, an interracial Democratic coalition in North\nCarolina, under pressure from the U.S. Department of Justice, drew a congressional map\ndesigned to simultaneously enhance the chances of black voters to elect candidates of their\nchoice and preserve the seats of other Democratic members of Congress. This time white\nvoters sued, and a \"conservative\" Republican majority on the U.S. Supreme Court, ironically\nbasing its decisions on the 14th Amendment, ruled that district lines were unconstitutional if they\nappeared to track racial population concentrations too closely. Manipulating electoral district\nboundaries to take in minority neighborhoods, the 5-4 Supreme Court majority asserted, was a\nviolation of \"traditional districting principles.\"", "date": "1999", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Microsoft Corporation", "place_of_pub": "[Redmond, Wash.]", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-132327595", "isbn": "0735601054", "book_title": "Microsoft Encarta Africana 2000", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-132327595", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Appiah-A", "name": { "family": "Appiah", "given": "Anthony" } }, { "id": "Gates-H-L", "name": { "family": "Gates", "given": "Henry Louis" } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "voting_districts_and_minority_representation.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r9vj6-14779/files/voting_districts_and_minority_representation.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kr315-6kc55", "eprint_id": 41767, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:34:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Twice the Work of Free Labor: The Political Economy of Convict Labor in the New South [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1998 The MIT Press.\nBook review of: Twice the Work of Free Labor: The Political Economy of Convict Labor in the\nNew South. By Alex Lichtenstein. New York, Verso, 1996. 254 pp. ISBN: 9781859849910\n\nPublished - Twice_the_Work_of_Free_Labor.pdf
", "abstract": "Applying to the postbellum South the Marxist penological assumption\nthat legal punishment is \"distinct from, and relatively unconnected with,\ncrime,\" Lichtenstein's deeply researched, well-written book contends\nthat convict leasing and the chain gang \"played a central role\" in the\ndevelopment of the southern economy and the region's race relations\n(253, xviii). Although relying heavily on slavery's whips and chains, both\nof these attempts to economize on prison costs were fostered, according\nto Lichtenstein, not by benighted southern reactionaries but by \"progressives,\"\noften from outside the region and often connected with the\nnational government. African-American prisoners kept the coal, brick,\nand turpentine industries in Georgia (the focus of the study) profitable\nbefore 1908, when the abolition of leasing convicts to private companies\nbecame a major \"progressive reform.\" Thereafter, the chain gang-over-whelmingly black but with an increasing percentage of whites in the\n1920s-was essential in the expanding and paving of rural roads that\nwere necessary for the commercial, industrial, and agricultural development\nof the state.", "date": "1998-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "28", "number": "3", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "484-485", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-160645012", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-160645012", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Twice_the_Work_of_Free_Labor.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kr315-6kc55/files/Twice_the_Work_of_Free_Labor.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/27s70-sxs55", "eprint_id": 41765, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:16:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:44:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } }, { "id": "Griffin-L-J", "name": { "family": "Griffin", "given": "Larry J." } }, { "id": "Beck-E-M", "name": { "family": "Beck", "given": "E. M." } }, { "id": "Tolnay-S-E", "name": { "family": "Tolnay", "given": "Stewart E." } } ] }, "title": "Revisiting A Festival of Violence : Two Comments, A Response [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1998 Taylor & Francis.\nBook review of: Stewart E. Tolnay and E. M. Beck. A Festival of Violence: An Analysis of Southern Lynchings, 1882-1930. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1995. ISBN: 9780252021275\n\nAccepted Version - festival.pdf
", "abstract": "When, more than thirty years ago, I was writing my second graduate research paper, I was strongly\nadvised by the professor in the course, John Morton Blum,\nto stop trying to weigh the factors I hypothesized might\nhave caused the phenomenon I was trying to explain. Just\nlist all the causes for which there is any credible evidence, I\nwas told; don't even try to rank them, and certainly don't\nwaste your time attempting to reject any. It's not the historian's\njob, and it's probably not possible, anyway. Tell a\ngood story, with interesting characters and active verbs. If\nyou must, explain, but above all, entertain-that was the\nBlumian credo. I largely ignored the adjuration, reinforcing\nthe then-department chairman's view of me as a rebel with\ntoo few causes.", "date": "1998-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods", "volume": "31", "number": "4", "publisher": "Heldref Publications", "pagerange": "171-180", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-160441637", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-160441637", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01615449809601198", "primary_object": { "basename": "festival.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/27s70-sxs55/files/festival.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan; Griffin, Larry J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z3jsa-a5b53", "eprint_id": 41106, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 02:10:49", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 06:03:51", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Reapportionment Wars: Party, Race, and Redistricting in California, 1971-1992", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1998 Agathon Press.", "abstract": "The 1980s was the decade of reapportionment in California politics. Ever since 1910, when Los Angeles passed San Francisco in population and the\nfirst urban-rural and sectional conflict over redistricting bitterly divided the\nstate's legislature, the issue has disrupted politics every ten years. (Wilkening,\n1977.) But never before has it lasted for the entire decade, coloring political\nevents nationally as well as locally and spilling over into the next reapportionment\ncycle. From 1981 to 1991, Republicans contended that if only they could\nobtain a \"fair\" reapportionment through a court or commission, they would control\nthe congressional delegation and that of the lower house of the state legislature.\nAttempting to overturn what they considered partisan gerrymanders, the\nGOP sponsored seven largely unsuccessful referenda on the subject from 1982 to\n1990 and flirted with leaders of minority groups, offering them safely \"packed\"\nseats at the expense of Anglo Democrats.", "date": "1998", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Agathon Press", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "134-190", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-101248591", "isbn": "9780875862651", "book_title": "Race and redistricting in the 1990s", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-101248591", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Grofman-B", "name": { "family": "Grofman", "given": "Bernard" } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/37nfs-wep02", "eprint_id": 41107, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:44:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:27:54", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Redistricting: California 1971-2001", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1997 IGS Press.", "abstract": "The struggle for control over redistricting has been at the core of California politics since 1970, sparking extremely bitter partisan strife and ultimately undermining bot the legitimacy and the institutional capacities of the legislature and the state Supreme Court. The outcomes of these reapportionment wars have been profoundly ironic in three ways: First, while redistricting has markedly increased the representation of ethnic minority groups, which until recently has been a largely uncontroversial enterprise, it has had a much more modest effect on the partisan composition of the legislative and congressional delegations, which has been the principal focus of conflict. Second, while Democrats in general and African-American and Latino Democrats in particular won nearly every reapportionment battle, Republicans were able to turn their own persistent defeats into a seemingly permanent ability to block public policy that they oppose, including redistricting itself. Third, while voters presumably supported limits on legislators' terms partly to minimize partisan squabbling, their action has, in fact, ensured that partisanship will become ever nastier in the legislature, especially in the millennial redistricting.", "date": "1997", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Institute of Governmental Studies Press", "place_of_pub": "Berkeley, CA", "pagerange": "137-155", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-101440047", "isbn": "9780877723769", "book_title": "Governing California: politics, government, and public policy in the Golden State", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-101440047", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Lubenow-G-C", "name": { "family": "Lubenow", "given": "Gerald C." } }, { "id": "Cain-B-E", "name": { "family": "Cain", "given": "Bruce E." } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gghhv-b0x76", "eprint_id": 41109, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:29:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:27:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Estimating the Partisan Consequences of Redistricting Plans -- Simply", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1996 Comparative Legislative Research Center.", "abstract": "Although some judges and political scientists have recently questioned the idea\nthat it is possible to predict the partisan consequences of redistricting plans, I\ndemonstrate that it is simple to do so with a pair of OLS equations that regress voting\npercentages on major party registration percentages. I test this model on data for all\nCalifornia Assembly and congressional elections from 1970 through 1994, and compare\nit to more complicated equations that contain incumbency and socioeconomic variables.\nThe simplest equations correctly predict nearly 90% of the results. I show that\nanalogous equations using registration or votes for minor or even major offices in\nCalifornia, North Carolina, and Texas can also predict outcomes with considerable\naccuracy. Using these equations, I show that the so-called \"Burton Gerrymander\" of\n1980 had minimal partisan consequences, while the nonpartisan plan instituted by\nthe California Supreme Court's Special Masters in 1992 was nearly as biased in favor\nof the Republicans as the proposal of the Republican party. I also introduce a new\ngraphic representation of redistricting plans and conclude with a discussion of some\nseemingly methodological choices that have important substantive implications for\nassessing the fairness of redistricting plans.", "date": "1996-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Legislative Studies Quarterly", "volume": "21", "number": "4", "publisher": "Comparative Legislative Research Center", "pagerange": "521-541", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-101823500", "issn": "0362-9805", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-101823500", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s6brq-q5d64", "eprint_id": 41768, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:15:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Multiparty Politics in Mississippi, 1877-1902 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1996 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: Multiparty Politics in Mississippi, 1877-1902.\nBy Stephen Cresswell. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995. ISBN: 9780585192345", "abstract": "It was not easy to make Mississippi politically\nsolid, even after the carnival of white Democratic\nviolence in 1875. In this first intensive\nstudy of the political movements (Greenback,\nRepublican, Independent, and Populist) that\nopposed the Democrats during the post-Reconstruction\nera in the Magnolia State, Stephen\nCresswell demonstrates that the repeated\nefforts of African Americans and white small\nfarmers to fight back against deflation and\ncorruption were savagely put down with a\ncombination of violence, threats, fraud, cooptation\nof issues, and, finally and most effectively,\ndisfranchisement. Dissent was not confined\nto the hill country, and the Populist\nmovement was smaller and less effective than\nits predecessors because the 1890 constitutional\nconvention had robbed most of its potential black and white supporters of their\nright to vote.", "date": "1996-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "83", "number": "2", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "642-643", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-160849626", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-160849626", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q6mbr-0y638", "eprint_id": 41769, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:03:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Behind the Mask of Chivalry: The Making of the Second Ku Klux Klan [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.\nArticle first published online: 7 Dec. 1998.\n\nBook review of: Behind the Mask of Chivalry: The Making of the Second Ku Klux Klan. NY: Oxford University Press, 1994. 286 pp. ISBN: 9780195098365", "abstract": "Race, class, and ideology, claims Nancy MacLean, reduce to gender. More specifically,\n\"concerns about gender and sexuality animated\" the Klan of the 1920s. (xi). Its anti-Semitism\nwas only symbolic, she thinks, for Jews \"stood surrogate...for large capital,\" representing\nmen who allegedly sought to use their financial power to lure white Protestant\nwomen away from the clutches of their petit bourgeois husbands or fathers. The KKK's antiblack\nracism was just as unreal and irrational: African-Americans were merely symbols of\n\"the propertyless population\" who threatened to symbolically undermine the Klansmen's\nshaky class position by raping their women (146). Communism, hardly a threat in America,\nespecially in the South, in the 1920s, symbolized for Klansmen \"a challenge to their dominion\nover the women of their group\" (119). As for the Klan's anti-Catholicism, \"A wife and\nchildren were among the pieces of property a man had a right to control; the horror of\nCatholicism was its alleged interference with this control\" (119). As she sums up her thesis,\n\"Beleaguered by conflicts of class and gender that their sensibilities left them ill-equipped to\nexplain, Klansmen displaced these conflicts onto imagined racial Others ...\"(127).", "date": "1996-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences", "volume": "32", "number": "3", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell", "pagerange": "229-232", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161059115", "issn": "0022-5061", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161059115", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1002/(SICI)1520-6696(199607)32:3<229::AID-JHBS1>3.0.CO;2-P", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tmj8g-3wf77", "eprint_id": 41770, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-18 23:56:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "A Historian's Guide to Computing [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1996 MIT Press.\nBook review of: A Historian's Guide to Computing. By Daniel I. Greenstein. New York, Oxford University Press, 1994. ISBN: 9780198242352\n\nPublished - greenstein.pdf
", "abstract": "Authors of methodology textbooks in every discipline face the same choices: What audience should be targeted? How advanced, how technical,\nhow comprehensive, and how closely linked to current technology\nshould the book be? How broad and how deep should discussions\nof substantive or theoretical literature, problems of research design, or\npure techniques be? Since the market for such textbooks among historians\nis small, and since no group or association in the discipline has organized a coordinated series of monographs, the options open to\nauthors are limited.", "date": "1996-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "27", "number": "1", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "103-105", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161311510", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161311510", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "greenstein.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tmj8g-3wf77/files/greenstein.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pxvg8-cpy30", "eprint_id": 41773, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 06:03:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1995 North Carolina Historical Commission.\n\nBook review of: Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African American Politics. By Michael C. Dawson. Princeton, N.J.:\nPrinceton University Press, 1994. ISBN: 9780691025438.\n\nPublished - 372903.pdf
", "abstract": "In her 1993 majority opinion in Shaw v. Reno, the North Carolina congressional \"racial gerrymandering\" case, United States Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor offered neither empirical evidence nor conceptual rationale for her skepticism that most African Americans \"think alike, share the same political interests, and will prefer the same candidates at the polls.\" University of Chicago political scientist Michael Dawson examines both theory and facts in this rich analysis of survey data, most of which is taken from the 1984-1988 National Black Election Panel Study, a telephone survey of 1,150 African American adults. As the economic interests of the growing black middle class increasingly diverge from those of poorer blacks, will this new middle class-- as O'Connor and such academic experts as William Junius Wilson in The Declining Significance of Race(1980) imply-- turn against the welfare state and vote Republican?", "date": "1995-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "North Carolina Historical Review", "volume": "72", "number": "3", "publisher": "North Carolina Office of Archives & History", "pagerange": "376-377", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161738595", "issn": "0029-2494", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161738595", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "372903.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pxvg8-cpy30/files/372903.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/358jg-jxs44", "eprint_id": 41774, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:30:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Cries of Injustice: Innocents pay for crimes never committed [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1995 Princeton University Press.\n\nBook review of: Stories of Scottsboro / James Goodman. Pantheon Books: 1990. ISBN: 0679761594/978-0679761594.\n\nPublished - goodman.pdf
", "abstract": "In May 1987, Jesse Jacobs was tried for murder and sentenced to death in Montgomery County, Texas. Seven months later, the same prosecutor changed his mind and tried and convicted Jacob's sister, Bobbi Hogan, for the same murder, contending that Jacobs had neither committed the crime nor intended that the victim, Hogan's romantic rival, die. Nonetheless, the State of Texas still plans to execute Jacobs, and both state and federal courts have refused to bar his death. Unless the Rehnquist Court intervenes-an unlikely event for a court that weighs \"the need for finality in capital cases\" more heavily than claims of \"actual innocence\" (Herrera v. Collins, 1993)-Jacobs will die for a crime the state admits he did not commit. Few will notice, much less protest.", "date": "1995-02-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Princeton Alumni Weekly", "volume": "95", "number": "9", "publisher": "Princeton University Press", "pagerange": "20-21", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161940136", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161940136", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "goodman.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/358jg-jxs44/files/goodman.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f87h9-5py18", "eprint_id": 41771, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:03:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Race, Ethnicity and Urbanization: Selected Essays [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1995 Taylor & Francis.\nBook review of: Race, Ethnicity, and Urbanization: Selected Essays. Howard N. Rabinowitz.\nColumbia, MO and London: University of Missouri Press. 1994. xii, 339pp. ISBN: 978-0-8262-0930-6", "abstract": "These 15 papers, all except the introduction already published over the past two\ndecades in scholarly journals or essay collections, examine other historians' works,\nreview and reconceptualize scholarship or urbanization, immigration, and southern\nJewry, and - repetitiously - elaborate the evidence for Rabinowitz's well-known\ncontention that the dominant trend in post-Civil War, southern, urban, race relations\nwas the substitution of segregation for the exclusion of blacks from public services and\naccommodations. Written with Rabinowitz's customary style, wit and verve,\npainstakingly researched, regularly insightful, and always commonsensical, the essays\nreveal a masterful, but rather conventional historian (a self-described 'throwback'.\np.15) at his best. They thereby underline, even more strongly than would the products\nof lesser hands, the limitations of conventional history.", "date": "1995", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Slavery and Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies", "volume": "16", "number": "2", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "267-269", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161508224", "issn": "1743-9523", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-161508224", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01440399508575161", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ftkf4-qqp33", "eprint_id": 41110, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:02:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:28:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Shaw v. Reno and the Real World of Redistricting and Representation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1995 by J. Morgan Kousser.", "abstract": "Justice Sandra Day O'Connor's majority opinion in Shaw v. Reno\nhas been widely seen as a radical departure from precedent-an\nindication that strengthening minority voting rights is no longer the only\nachievement of the Second Reconstruction safe from congressional or\njudicial attack. It is true that the abstract, deeply ambiguous, and often\nunreflective opinion suggested only vague and unworkable standards\nthat have led to much-heightened judicial intrusion into the political\nprocess, and that it has encouraged a cruelly ironic interpretation of the\nFourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, an interpretation surely\nunintended by the Framers, that aims to undermine the sharpest minority\ngains in politics since the First Reconstruction.", "date": "1995", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Rutgers Law Journal", "volume": "26", "number": "3", "publisher": "Rutgers School of Law", "pagerange": "625-710", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-102121757", "issn": "0277-318X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-102121757", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gmrzz-yk497", "eprint_id": 41775, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:38:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The New History of Race Relations [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1994 The Johns Hopkins University Press.\nBook review of: Robert R. Dykstra. Bright Radical Star: Black Freedom and White Supremacy on the Hawkeye Frontier. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993. ISBN: 9780674081802\n\nAccepted Version - Dykstra.pdf
", "abstract": "Political history, some historians say, is dead. Concerned only with the petty\nsquabbles of rich white men, irrelevant to the real lives of the deprived or less\nfavored, the territory of messy compromise, not lofty ideas, electoral and\nlegislative politics, in this view, is unworthy of much attention. The methods\nof the \"new political historians\" of the 1960s and 1970s-the formulation of\nclear hypotheses informed by explicit social scientific theories and their\ntesting through using statistical methods-are elitist, pseudo-scientific (when\n\"truth\" is relative and fleeting), inherently right-wing, and no fun to read\nabout. In a \"postmodern\" age, better to write what you feel about \"texts\" (and\nanything and everything qualifies as a text), always being careful to include\nsome and preferably several of the following words in your title: gendered,\ncultural, republican, class, race, and carnival.", "date": "1994-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Reviews in American History", "volume": "22", "number": "3", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Press", "pagerange": "442-448", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-162140324", "issn": "0048-7511", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-162140324", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Dykstra.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gmrzz-yk497/files/Dykstra.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1fegm-y8f57", "eprint_id": 41787, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:04:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "American Populism: A Social History, 1877-1898 [Book review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1993 Georgia Historical Society.\nBook review of: American Populism: A Social History, 1877-1898. By Robert C. McMath. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993. Pp. vi, 245. ISBN: 9780809077960", "abstract": "Deserving wide adoption as a text or supplementary course reading\nbecause of its clarity, comprehensiveness, and length (208 short\npages plus a 20-page bibliography, but no footnotes), this fascinating\noverview by the author of the standard history of the Farmers' Alliance\ndemonstrates the limits of a cultural approach to Populism.\nSympathetic to the Populists' humane impulses but critical of them\nfor alleged racism and sexism, McMath believes that they were\ndoomed to failure because they represented the preindustrial \"republican\"\nideology of \"producerism\" and because they could not sustain\na \"movement culture\" or transform or surmount their language of\nprotest once they entered the gritty political arena of posturing and\ncompromise. Drawing many of their ideas from Jacksonian trade unionists\nand contemporary intellectuals, and appealing (McMath\nthinks) more to farmers' desire for independence than to their self-interest,\nthe Populists were anachronistic in the world of industrial\ncapitalism, not forerunners of Progressivism and the New Deal, as\nJohn D. Hicks contended.", "date": "1993-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Georgia Historical Quarterly", "volume": "77", "number": "3", "publisher": "Georgia Historical Society", "pagerange": "634-636", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-092545944", "issn": "0016-8297", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-092545944", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fkvba-8d455", "eprint_id": 40999, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:45:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Ignoble Intentions and Noble Dreams: On Relativism and History with a Purpose", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1993 by the Regents of the University of California and\nthe National Council on Public History.\nAn earlier version of this paper was presented at the Southern Historical Association\nConvention in Atlanta in November, 1992.\n\nPublished - Ignoble_Intentions_and_Noble_Dreams.pdf
", "abstract": "In 1980, immediately after the Southern Historical Association Convention\nat the Biltmore Hotel in Atlanta, historian Peyton McCrary and a\nbevy of voting-rights lawyers gathered together a group of historians to try\nto engage them as expert witnesses in voting-rights litigation. Earlier in\n1980 in the case of Mobile v. Bolden, a plurality of the justices of the U.S.\nSupreme Court had decided that to sustain a claim of vote dilution under\nthe Voting Rights Act or the Fifteenth Amendment, members of minority\ngroups had to prove that the relevant law had been passed with a racially\ndiscriminatory purpose, not merely that it had a current racially discriminatory\neffect. Since the ordinance requiring that the Mobile City Commission\nwas to be elected at-large, rather than by single-member districts,\nhad been passed (everyone thought at the time) in 1911, lawyers for the\n\n\n\nplaintiffs had no choice but to bring in the historians. Because McCrary\nlived in Mobile and knew the lawyers who had filed the Bolden case, he\ntook over the principal organizing task. Most of the historians present at\nthe Biltmore seemed to respond favorably, and some ended up working in\na few cases. Others, probably better advised, went back to their usual\nresearch and teaching.", "date": "1993-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "The Public Historian", "volume": "15", "number": "3", "publisher": "University of California Santa Barbara", "pagerange": "15-28", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-142340529", "issn": "0272-3433", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-142340529", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Ignoble_Intentions_and_Noble_Dreams.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fkvba-8d455/files/Ignoble_Intentions_and_Noble_Dreams.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6a0w1-dx174", "eprint_id": 41776, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:45:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Political Parties and American Political Development from the Age of Jackson to the Age of Lincoln [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1993 Johns Hopkins University Press.\nBook review of: Political Parties and American Political Development from the Age of Jackson to the Age of Lincoln by Michael F. Holt. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992. ISBN: 9780807117286", "abstract": "American historians keep wanting the Civil War not to have happened, the\nslavery issue not to have been intractable, keep wanting to deny the centrality\nof racial problems to our history, to downplay the facts that many whites\npositively enjoyed racial discrimination and profited from it while many others genuinely hated it and sacrificed to end it. The initial Civil War \"Revisionists\"\ndeveloped these views out of an aversion to war and an indifference\n(at best) to racism, but a belief in them persists even among those who are\nuncompromisingly antiracist and who do not betray a hint of opposition to\nall wars. Michael F. Holt is a prisoner of revisionism.", "date": "1993-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Reviews in American History", "volume": "21", "number": "2", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Press", "pagerange": "207-212", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-162613849", "issn": "0048-7511", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-162613849", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tc26r-40q57", "eprint_id": 41151, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:38:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:29:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } }, { "id": "Kantor-S-E", "name": { "family": "Kantor", "given": "Shawn Everett" } } ] }, "title": "Common Sense or Commonwealth? The Fence Law and Institutional Change in the Postbellum South. A Rejoinder: Two Visions of History", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\"Common Sense or Commonwealth? The Fence Law and Institutional Change in the Postbellum South\" and \"A Rejoinder: Two Visions of History\" are two separate articles written by the same authors, but found together in this one attached PDF file. Both articles appear in the The Journal of Southern History, vol. 59:2, May 1993.\n\"Common Sense or Commonwealth? The Fence Law and Institutional Change in the Postbellum South\" is on pp. 201-242 of the issue.\n\"\n\"A Rejoinder: Two Visions of History\" is on pp. 259-266 of the issue.\n\nPublished - Common_Sense.pdf
", "date": "1993-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Southern History", "volume": "59", "number": "2", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "pagerange": "201-266", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130906-152809150", "issn": "2325-6893", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130906-152809150", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Common_Sense.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tc26r-40q57/files/Common_Sense.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan and Kantor, Shawn Everett" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9pg7d-s7k27", "eprint_id": 81165, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:40:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:08:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kantor-S-E", "name": { "family": "Kantor", "given": "Shawn Everett" } }, { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Common Sense or Commonwealth? The Fence Law and Institutional Change in the Postbellum South", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Fences, Agricultural land, Tenants, Election laws, Crops, Pastures, Voting, Electoral districts, Farm economics, Workforce", "note": "\u00a9 1993 Southern Historical Association.\n\nPublished - 2209776.pdf
", "abstract": "Rarely have Southern historians devoted as much attention to a simple question of torts as they have in the instance of fence laws: would owners livestock be held liable for damages to other people's crops if they did not fence in their animals (referred to as the \"stock law\"), or did crop owners have to fence out other people's cattle and swine (known as the \"fence law\")? In most of the sparsely settled pre-Civil War South, the open-range, or fence-law, position prevailed. Post-Civil War state legislation allowed voters in counties or subcounty districts to adopt laws that shifted rights to crop growers and town dwellers and away from owners of livestock, which effectively closed the range.", "date": "1993-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Southern History", "volume": "59", "number": "2", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "pagerange": "201-242", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170905-160754378", "issn": "0022-4642", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170905-160754378", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.2307/2209776", "primary_object": { "basename": "2209776.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9pg7d-s7k27/files/2209776.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Kantor, Shawn Everett and Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vrw6f-1wt47", "eprint_id": 42404, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:03:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:54:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Beyond Gingles: Influence Districts and the Pragmatic Tradition in Voting Rights Law", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "I want to thank Tony Chavez, Robin Toma, and especially Nancy Ramirez for helpful discussions and suggestions on this paper. They are not. responsible for any flaws in conception or detail. This paper was presented at the Voting Rights Symposium, University of San Francisco, November 6-7, 1992, forthcoming in The University of San Francisco Law Review.\n\nPublished - gingles.pdf
", "abstract": "[ch. 1]\nI. The Dual Origins of \"Influence Districts\".\n\nTHE questions of how how or whether courts should shape electoral structures in order to maximize the \"influence\" of members of minority\ngroups are not new. In his dissent in Allen v. Board of Elections, the first case in which the United States Supreme Court interpreted the Voting Rights Act to apply to electoral structures, Justice John Marshall Harlan declared that \"it is not clear to me how a court would go about\ndeciding whether an at-large system is to be preferred over a district system. Under one system, Negroes have some influence in the election of\nall officers; under the other, minority groups have more influence in the selection of fewer officers.\" Whatever the situation in 1969, after the 1982 amendments to section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, there is no doubt that Congress has decided that the standard should be that minority\nvoters should have a fair opportunity to elect candidates of their choice--that is, to determine the choice regardless of the desires of majorities of majority group voters--and that district systems protect that right better than at-large systems. That does not, however, entirely exhaust the force of Harlan's criticism. What about the case in which members of a group cannot form a \"political majority\"? Should courts\nintervene to pool geographically compact minority group members into one or a few districts, or to stop redistricters from fragmenting them? Or\nshould courts decide, in effect, that the groups are too small to have any cognizable rights, such that they will have to make their own way\nthrough the political thicket? In the extreme, does a group that makes up 49.9% of a \"political majority\" deserve no special protection as a\n\"discrete and insular minority\" under the Voting Rights Act or the United States Constitution, while a group that comprises 50.1% does?\nThis would certainly be a concept of \"group rights\" with a vengeance, protecting larger groups, which presumably have a greater ability to take\ncare of themselves through normal politics, more than it protects smaller groups, which are more at the mercy of majorities.", "date": "1993", "date_type": "published", "publication": "University of San Francisco Law Review", "volume": "27", "number": "Spring", "publisher": "University of San Francisco", "pagerange": "551-592", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131112-152529809", "issn": "0042-0018", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131112-152529809", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "gingles.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vrw6f-1wt47/files/gingles.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gb72s-83w98", "eprint_id": 41778, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:50:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Promises to Keep: African-Americans and the Constitutional Order, 1776 to the Present [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Southern Historical Association.\nBook review of: Promises to Keep; African-Americans and the Constitutional Order, 1776 to the Present. Organization of American Historians Bicentennial Essays on the Bill of Rights, by Donald G. Nieman. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. ISBN: 9780195055603", "abstract": "Not just an admirably clear, beautifully written, and extremely well informed summary of a generation of productive scholarship, Promises to Keep is also the fist comprehensive statement of a new view of the history of race relations law in America. Compared to the post-civil rights movement feeling of deep malaise, Donald G. Nieman's interpretation is more attentive to the efforts of African Americans to assert their rights, more sympathetic to their white liberal allies, and more impressed with the plasticity and changeability of the law. Short but detailed, assuming no initial knowledge but containing at least some facts that will be new to all but the most advanced specialists, simultaneously printed in hard and soft covers, this first published volume in the Organization of American Historians' series of bicentennial essays on the Bill of Rights should be widely adopted for classes and read by anyone interested in black or legal history.", "date": "1992-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Southern History", "volume": "58", "number": "4", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "pagerange": "704-705", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-163239405", "issn": "2325-6893", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-163239405", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d50f6-1xk90", "eprint_id": 41863, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:22:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:51:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Understanding Quantitative History [Book Review] AND Quantitative Methods for Historians [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1992 MIT Press.\n\nBook review of: Understanding Quantitative History. By Loren Haskins and Kirk Jeffrey\n(Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 1990) 361 pp. ISBN: 9780262081900.\n\nBook review of: Quantitative Methods for Historians. By Konrad H. Jarausch and Kenneth\nA. Hardy (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1991) 240\npp. ISBN: 9780807819470\n\nPublished - 205490.pdf
Draft - Haskins.pdf
", "abstract": "It has been a generation since anyone published a textbook on quantitative methods for historians. Long outmoded by developments in computer technology and statistical techniques, the earlier volumes have neither been comprehensively updated nor replaced. Now, suddenly, we have two new introductory-level texts, both coauthored by a historian and a statistician, both intended for self-study as well as undergraduate and graduate classroom use, both approachable and well written.\nWhich should one choose and why?", "date": "1992-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "23", "number": "1", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "139-140", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-095552126", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-095552126", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "205490.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d50f6-1xk90/files/205490.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Haskins.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d50f6-1xk90/files/Haskins.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gfr24-vdm88", "eprint_id": 41777, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:45:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:45:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "At Freedom's Edge: Black Mobility and the Southern White Quest for Racial Control, 1861-1915 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Taylor & Francis.\n\nBook review of: At Freedom's Edge: Black Mobility and the Southern White Quest for Racial Control, 1861-1915. William Cohen. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1991. xix, 311 pp. ISBN: 9780807116210", "abstract": "This beautifully written and deeply, if traditionally, researched book raises but\ndoes not answer two large questions: why did the extensive late nineteenth-and\nearly twentieth-century southern labour-control laws apparently fail to\nimpede black geographic mobility; and why was white (and black?) opposition\nto such laws seemingly so much more effective than opposition to disfranchisement,\nJim Crow, and anti-violence laws?", "date": "1992", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Slavery and Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies", "volume": "13", "number": "3", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "239-241", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-162919327", "issn": "1743-9523", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131008-162919327", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01440399208575076", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ybnfn-0rr68", "eprint_id": 41184, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:44:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:52", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Cumming v. Richmond County", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published - cumming.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "1992", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Oxford University Press,", "place_of_pub": "New York", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-133933429", "isbn": "9780195058352", "book_title": "Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-133933429", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Hall-K-L", "name": { "family": "Hall", "given": "Kermit L." } }, { "id": "Ely-J-W", "name": { "family": "Ely", "given": "James W." } }, { "id": "Grossman-J-B", "name": { "family": "Grossman", "given": "Joel B." } }, { "id": "Wiecek-W-M", "name": { "family": "Wiecek", "given": "William M." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "cumming.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ybnfn-0rr68/files/cumming.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0abbk-b9a42", "eprint_id": 41185, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:44:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:54", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Grandfather Clause", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Accepted Version - grandfatherclause2.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "1992", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "343-344", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-134328233", "isbn": "0195058356", "book_title": "Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-134328233", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "grandfatherclause2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0abbk-b9a42/files/grandfatherclause2.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rczz8-5hg85", "eprint_id": 41186, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:44:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:30:56", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Guinn v. United States", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "abstract": "Guinn v. United States, :z38 U.S. 347 (1915),\nargued 17 0ct. 1913, decided 21 June 1915 by vote\nof 8 to 0: White for the Court, McReynolds\nrecused. To convince poor and illiterate whites to\nsupport literacy and property qualifications for\nvoting, southern Democrats in the late nineteenth\nand early twentieth centuries included\nescape clauses in their suffrage restriction laws.\nThe least subtle of these was the grandfather\nclause, which allowed anyone to register to vote\nif he had been eligible in 1867, before the Fifteenth\nAmendment was ratified, or it he were a\nlegal descendant of such a man. Some representatives\nof the southern upper class opposed this as\ntoo transparent an attempt to evade the Constitution,\nor because they wished to disfranchise the\nwhite, as well as the black, lower class.", "date": "1992", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "356-356", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-134727309", "isbn": "0195058356", "book_title": "The Oxford companion to the Supreme Court of the United States", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-134727309", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Hall-K-L", "name": { "family": "Hall", "given": "Kermit L." } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ag4hw-r4q98", "eprint_id": 41094, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:26:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:27:18", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Before Plessy, Before Brown: The Development of the Law of Racial Integration in Louisiana and Kansas", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "abstract": "In the face of the Nixon-Reagan counterrevolution against liberal decisions of the Warren Court, some liberal judges and legal commentators have called for an increased reliance on state courts for the protection of civil rights and civil liberties. To gauge how well state courts and legislatures protected civil rights in the nineteenth century, I examined twenty school integration cases and numerous legislative and state constitutional convention actions in Louisiana and Kansas from 1868 through 1903.\nContrary to what Raoul Berger and others have asserted, black integrationists had many allies in the mainstream of the Republican party in the late 19th century. Not only did they pass laws prohibiting the exclusion of children from any school because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, but they represented black plaintiffs in numerous school integration cases, most of which have previously been unknown to or at least little noticed by scholars. At least one judge ruled segregation contrary to the Fourteenth Amendment, while another came close to doing so. The arguments of lawyers, legislators, and black petitioners to legislative bodies were all similar and often quite sophisticated. In particular, the unpublished briefs in three Louisiana cases made clear how intermixed contentions based on state and national constitutions were. If the state constitution and laws created a right and the national constitution and laws prohibited unequal enjoyment of state-created rights, then legal inequities violated rights on both governmental levels simultaneously.\nFrom 1877 on in Louisiana, and from 1903 on in Kansas, blacks lost the strong protection against unequal schools that they had enjoyed, at least de jure, earlier. Whether the reversals reflected shifts in white public opinion is unclear, for it was not the white populous that made the changes, but a new, younger set of white racist judges. Their ability to reverse or bypass earlier liberal judicial decisions or legal provisions demonstrates how fragile rights can be in the several states and undermines the empirical foundations of what might be called \"the new states' rights.\"", "date": "1991", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "University of Georgia Press", "place_of_pub": "Athens, GA", "pagerange": "213-270", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-083104926", "isbn": "082031305X", "book_title": "Toward a usable past : liberty under state constitutions", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-083104926", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Finkelman-P", "name": { "family": "Finkelman", "given": "Paul" } }, { "id": "Gottlieb-S-E", "name": { "family": "Gottlieb", "given": "Stephen E." } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dtqbx-5g605", "eprint_id": 41263, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:26:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:34:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "How to Determine Intent: Lessons from L.A.", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1991 University of Virginia.\n\nUnless otherwise noted, all memoranda, deposition transcripts and other sources cited\nrefer to Garza v. County of Los Angeles, 756 F. Supp. 1298 (C.D. Cal. 1990), aff'd, 918 F.2d\n763 (9th Cir. 1990), cert. denied, 111 S. Ct. 681 (1991), and are available from the author.", "abstract": "In a series of decisions from 1970 to 1980, the United States\nSupreme Court shifted from an \"effect\" standard to an \"intent\" standard\nin racial and sex discrimination cases. Every step along the road\nfrom the Jackson, Mississippi swimming pool closing case to the\nMobile, Alabama city commission case was criticized by professors and\npolicymakers. Indeed, the last step was so controversial that Congress\noverturned the Court's City of Mobile v. Bolden decision in the major amendment to the 1982 Voting Rights Act, allowing plaintiffs in voting\nrights cases to prevail by proving either a racially discriminatory intent\nor a racially discriminatory effect.", "date": "1991", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Law & Politics", "volume": "7", "publisher": "University of Virginia School of Law", "pagerange": "591-732", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130911-151155945", "issn": "0749-2227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130911-151155945", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7rjkj-r4x55", "eprint_id": 41064, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:26:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:25:56", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Voting Rights Act and the Two Reconstructions", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Accepted Version - Brook.pdf
", "date": "1991", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "University of Georgia Press", "place_of_pub": "Athens, GA", "pagerange": "213-270", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130903-134737438", "isbn": "082031305X", "book_title": "Toward a usable past : liberty under state constitutions", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130903-134737438", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Finkelman-P", "name": { "family": "Finkelman", "given": "Paul" } }, { "id": "Gottlieb-S-C", "name": { "family": "Gottlieb", "given": "Stephen C." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "Brook.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7rjkj-r4x55/files/Brook.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ezmpq-m3p04", "eprint_id": 41029, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:31:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:23:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Toward \"Total Political History\": A Rational-Choice Research Program", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1990 by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editors of The Journal of Interdisciplinary History.\n\nPublished - total_political_history.pdf
", "abstract": "Political history is at an impasse.\nAs the subjects of history expanded in the 1960s and 1970s,\nand as the prospects of societal change through political means\ndimmed in the 1980s, the study of war, diplomacy, and the writings\nand sayings of statemen--the principal raw materials of the\nold political history--lost favor with students and young professors\nalike. The organizing frameworks of politically centered history--Charles Beard's class analysis, Frederick Jackson Turner's\nstress on sectional splits, Louis Hartz's Lockeian consensus, Lee\nBenson's ethnoculturalism, and Walter Dean Burnham's critical-elections\ntheory--have come under telling attack.", "date": "1990-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "20", "number": "4", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "521-560", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-110904280", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-110904280", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "total_political_history.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ezmpq-m3p04/files/total_political_history.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v3mph-45x22", "eprint_id": 41788, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:08:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Fourteenth Amendment: From Political Principle to Judicial Doctrine [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1990 Taylor & Francis.\nBook review of: The Fourteenth Amendment: From Political Principle to Judicial Doctrine. By William E. Nelson. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988. ix, 200pp. ISBN: 9780674316256", "abstract": "Historians have largely left controversies over the intent of the framers of the\nFourteenth Amendment to lawyers and legal historians. Was the Amendment\nan attempt to enunciate a broad guarantee of natural rights, or of the first eight\nAmendments, or merely to insure that whatever rights or benefits states decided\nto grant had to be shared equally by every person or citizen? Was it, yet .more\nnarrowly, a restriction on only the grossest inequalites or even a constricted, rather trivial effort merely to constitutionalize the 1866 Civil Rights Bill? How\nmuch did the framers mean to expand national power at the expense of the states,\nand how much did they intend for judges, rather than members of Congress, to\nbecome the principal guardians of whatever rights the Fourteenth Amendment\nprotected? Were its origins deep within the antebellum antislavery movement,\nor superficial, in the experiences of the immediate post-Civil War South and\nthe political exigencies of the Republican Party? Indeed, did the Fourteenth\nAmendment have any determinable meaning at all, and how, if the evidence\non any or all of these points conflicts, can we resolve the contradictions?", "date": "1990", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Slavery and Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies", "volume": "11", "number": "3", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "414-416", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-092745131", "issn": "1743-9523", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-092745131", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01440399008575018", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q5ecz-z9g44", "eprint_id": 41789, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:02:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "An Uncertain Tradition: Constitutionalism and the History of the South [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Georgia Historical Society.\nBook review of: An Uncertain Tradition: Constitutionalism and the History of the South. Edited by Kermit L. Hall and James W. Ely, Jr. Athens: University Of Georgia Press, 1989. Pp. ix, 403. ISBN: 9780820310558\n\nPublished - 372901.pdf
", "abstract": "Comparisons across time or space are merely incomplete casual explanations, small descriptive steps on the path to analysis, historians' conventional rhetorical substitutes for more comprehensive empirical generalizations. If the South has had a legal \"legacy of ambivalence,\" if its \"spokesmen frequently sought to be in the federal order without being of it\" (p. 6), as Kermit Hall and James Ely assert in their introduction to this collection of essays from a 1987 symposium, just what produced that ambivalence, assuming, as the editors do implicitly, that the South was more mentally divided than the North was? If courts in colonial Virginia were clerk-dominated, locally-oriented, and concerned overwhelmingly with procedures, not substance, as David Konig contends in the chronologically earliest essay in this volume, how, precisely, does that colony's experience compare to that of others, or of Virginia later, and what factors explain the variations? If eleven of the fifteen states that failed to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment were southern, as Mary Bonsteel Tachau points out in a stimulating, if necessarily skeletal essay on the largely unexplored topic of southern women's legal history, what accounts for the greater degree of opposition to women's rights in the South? How, if at all, do the causes of these contrasts relate to slavery, segregation, fundamentalist Protestantism, climate, modes of production, \"culture,\" or whatever?", "date": "1989-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Georgia Historical Quarterly", "volume": "73", "number": "4", "publisher": "Georgia Historical Society", "pagerange": "843-844", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093055651", "issn": "0016-8297", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093055651", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "372901.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q5ecz-z9g44/files/372901.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gfvqs-w8658", "eprint_id": 41002, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:02:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The State of Social Science History in the Late 1980s", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Heldref Publications.\nI want to thank several colleagues for useful comments on draft versions of the questionnaire and the paper: Lance Davis, Nick Dirks, Phil Hoffman, James Lee, and Doug Rivers. My largest debt is to the 304 respondents to the survey, many of whose marginal remarks have affected my interpretation of the results. An. earlier version of this paper was presented at the Social Science History Convention in 1987.", "abstract": "Is social science history a dated fad, or has it been so fully accepted as to have become uncontroversial? Is it more or less popular with professors and graduate students today than in the recent past? Is its status higher at the most prestigious universities, or among their graduates, than at less highly ranked colleges? What do historians and other social scientists see as the strengths and weaknesses, the achievements and deficiencies of social science history (ssh)? To what degree do more traditional historians agree or disagree with social scientific historians and historically oriented social scientists about these matters? How widespread is the teaching of statistics and theory in history departments, and how sophisticated is it, compared with the offerings in social science departments? Has the field become truly interdisciplinary?\nTo gauge opinion and gather facts on these and other topics, I sent out 456 questionnaires in May 1987 to individuals in three groups: historians who were members of the Social Science History Association (SSHA), nonhistorian SSHA members, and one non-SSHA member at each of the universities listed in the American Historical Association's Guide to Departments of History that claimed to offer Ph.D. programs. The response, partially stimulated by a reminder to those who did not reply within six weeks, was gratifyingly high: 105 SSHA historians, 101 SSHA members whose self-described primary departmental affiliation was not with a history department, and 98 non-SSHA historians returned at least partially completed questionnaires. Not only was the overall response rate of two-thirds respectable for a mail survey, but many people wrote useful and interesting comments in the margins, as I had invited them to, while others enclosed innovative syllabi or reflections on the subject. A copy of the questionnaire with the responses of the three groups to each question indicated appears as an appendix to this paper, and readers may wish to refer to it for the exact wording of questions and the precise numbers who answered each way. The non-SSHA group received only Part I of the survey, while the SSHA sample got both parts.", "date": "1989-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods", "volume": "22", "number": "1", "publisher": "Heldref Publications", "pagerange": "13-20", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-143732581", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-143732581", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01615440.1989.9956333", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/353kv-87r57", "eprint_id": 41791, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:51:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Origins of Southern Radicalism: The South Carolina Upcountry, 1800-1860 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Cambridge University Press.\nBook review of: Origins of Southern Radicalism: The South Carolina Upcountry, 1800-1860. by Lacy K. Ford. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. ISBN: 9780195044225\n\nPublished - ford_jr.pdf
", "abstract": "Three fundamental problems mar this deeply researched, marvelously written study.\nFirst, despite the fact that he treats men in particular cases as acting out of pure\nself-interest, Lacy Ford's broader generalizations attribute cultural and ideological, not\nmaterial, motives to them. When in 1818, for instance, the state legislature appropriated\nan amount equal to four times the normal annual state budget to build canals and roads\ninto the South Carolina upcountry, Ford declares that \"most of the criticism came from\nthose who resented the state's promoting other interests more vigorously than their\nown,\" rather than from principled libertarian opponents of all governmental subsidies\n(p. 17). When the same body floated bonds to pay for nearly half of the construction\ncosts of extending railroads into the upcountry in the 1850s, \"the most adamant\nopposition\" to one especially costly line, Ford remarks, \"originated in those sections of\nthe state which stood to gain little from the project,\" and repeated struggles over\nsubsidies represented a \"battle of selfish interests\" in which critics \"manipulated the\nelectorate's fear of active government sponsorship of private corporations\" to protect\ntheir \"own personal or local interests\" (pp. 315, 317).", "date": "1989-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Economic History", "volume": "49", "number": "3", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "pagerange": "767-769", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093455410", "issn": "0022-0507", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093455410", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "ford_jr.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/353kv-87r57/files/ford_jr.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yeqsx-jzq39", "eprint_id": 41790, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:08:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Taylor & Francis.\nBook review of: The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860\u20131935. By James D. Anderson. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1988. xiv, 351 pp. ISBN: 978-0-8078-4221-8", "abstract": "Some previous histories of southern education, such as Charles W. Dabney's\nclassic Universal Education in the South, slighted the role of American\nAmericans in shaping their own education. James Anderson's new book, the\nbest single volume on black education in the post-bellum south, commits the\nopposite error. Anderson exaggerates the power and autonomy of southern\nex-slaves during Reconstruction and of southern blacks in general during the\nJim Crow era, and correspondingly underemphasizes the significance for their\neducation of the efforts of former free people of colour, northern blacks and\nwhites and white southerners. While meriting praise for its uncovering of the\nrole of ordinary people struggling to improve their educational lot, Anderson's\nrevisionist book almost wholly excludes electoral, legislative and administrative\npolitics. The exclusions and lopsided emphases make it nearly as one-sided\nand incomplete as the white-centred, bureaucrat-dominated history that\nit seeks to replace.", "date": "1989", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Slavery and Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies", "volume": "10", "number": "3", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "144-146", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093235876", "issn": "1743-9523", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093235876", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01440398908574995", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yj40s-7zm02", "eprint_id": 41187, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:08:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:31:03", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Voting", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "1989", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "University of North Carolina Press", "place_of_pub": "Chapel Hill, NC", "pagerange": "1179-1181", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-134955318", "isbn": "0807818232", "book_title": "Encyclopedia of Southern Culture", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-134955318", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Wilson-C-R", "name": { "family": "Wilson", "given": "Charles Reagan" } }, { "id": "Ferris-W-R", "name": { "family": "Ferris", "given": "William R." } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ge0e7-21z17", "eprint_id": 41004, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:03:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Expert Witnesses, Rational Choice, and the Search for Intent", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1988 University of Minnesota Law School.\nEarlier versions of this paper were delivered at Ohio State University and Caltech. I want to thank Michael Les Benedict, Alan Donagan, Allan Schwartz, and especially R. Douglas Rivers for helpful comments.\n\nConstitutional Commentary, 5 (1988), 349-73. Reprinted in Jack N. Rakove, ed., Interpreting the Constitution: The Debate Over Original Intent (Boston: Northeastern univ. Press, 1990), 313-35.", "abstract": "Students of the individual personality have been serving as expert\nwitnesses since at least the seventeenth century, when Sir\nThomas Browne assured an English jury that witches existed and\nthat, in his opinion, the defendants in the instant case were, indeed,\nwitches. Historians, psychologists, anthropologists, and sociologists\nonly took on a like duty in the 1940s and 1950s with the preparation\nof the school segregation cases. In Brown v. Board of Education,\nthe Supreme Court and the litigants were concerned with the\nquestion of intent in two very different ways: they asked historians\nwhether the framers of the fourteenth amendment had meant to ban\nracial segregation in schools or not; and they asked other social\nscientists, in effect, whether segregation was so harmful to black\npeople that a discriminatory motive could be inferred.", "date": "1988", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Constitutional Commentary", "volume": "5", "publisher": "University of Minnesota Law School", "pagerange": "349-373", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-145823310", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-145823310", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d0e0h-nf276", "eprint_id": 41792, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:03:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "From Slave South to New South: Public Policy in 19th Century Georgia [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Book review of: From Slave South to New South: Public Policy in Nineteenth-Century Georgia. By Peter Wallenstein.\n(The Fred W. Morrison Series in Southern Studies. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.\n\nPublished - From_Slave_South_to_New_South.pdf
", "date": "1988", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Maryland Historical Magazine", "volume": "83", "publisher": "Maryland Historical Society", "pagerange": "184-185", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093650462", "issn": "0025-4258", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093650462", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "From_Slave_South_to_New_South.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d0e0h-nf276/files/From_Slave_South_to_New_South.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h025f-7er05", "eprint_id": 42406, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:03:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:54:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Supremacy of Equal Rights: The Struggle Against Racial Discrimination in Antebellum Massachusetts and the Foundations of the Fourteenth Amendment", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "An earlier version of this paper was delivered in 1985 at the Woodrow Wilson International Center, Washington, D.C. Research was partially supported by the Wilson Center, the Guggenheim Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the California Institute of Technology. This Article is part of a book tentatively titled The Onward March of Right Principles, on which the author has been working since 1976. The larger work will treat court cases and state laws on racial discrimination in schools from 1834 to 1903. Project research has focused on\ntwenty-two states and the District of Columbia. Several articles to be included in the book are already published or will soon be published. See infra note 29.\n\nPublished - supremacy.pdf
", "abstract": "[none]", "date": "1988", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Northwestern University Law Review", "volume": "82", "number": "4", "publisher": "University of Illinois Press", "pagerange": "941-1010", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131112-155019963", "issn": "0029-3571", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131112-155019963", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Woodrow Wilson International Center" }, { "agency": "John Simon Guggenheim Foundation" }, { "agency": "National Endowment for the Humanities" }, { "agency": "Caltech" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "620", "name": "Social Science Working Paper" } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "supremacy.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h025f-7er05/files/supremacy.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h8t82-nch38", "eprint_id": 41793, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:56:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Plessy Case: A Legal-Historical Approach [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 Georgia Historical Society.\nBook review of: The Plessy Case: A Legal-Historical Approach. By Charles A. Lofgren.\nNew York: Oxford University Press, 1987. ISBN: 9780195038521", "abstract": "Meticulous and painstakingly detailed, this lawyerly history supersedes\nall previous accounts of the landmark 1896 U. S. Supreme\nCourt decision. Only tangentially concerned with such broader issues\nas the course of American race relations or the reasons that southern\nstate legislatures mandated segregation when and where they did,\nLofgren devotes four of his nine chapters to the background and\narguments in Plessy and two more to earlier civil rights and transportation\ncases. This is a largely \"internalist\" legal history dedicated to\ngetting the judicially relevant facts and doctrines correctly and neatly\nsorted out.", "date": "1987-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Georgia Historical Quarterly", "volume": "71", "number": "4", "publisher": "Georgia Historical Society", "pagerange": "742-744", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093913986", "issn": "0016-8297", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-093913986", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4sysc-8j347", "eprint_id": 41794, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:35:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Party Period and Public Policy: American Politics from the Age of Jackson to the Progressive Era [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 Oxford University Press.\n\nBook review of: The Party Period and Public Policy: American Politics from the Age of Jackson to the Progressive Era by Richard L. McCormick. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. ISBN: 9780195038606", "abstract": "Anyone teaching a graduate or advanced undergraduate\ncourse in American political history\nwill want to assign this set of nine gracefully\nwritten essays, two published for the first\ntime here. Richard L. McCormick's knowledgeable\nassessments of the state of the field, his\nperceptive summaries and gentle critiques of\nthe writings of others, and his provocative\noriginal hypothesis about \"Progressivism\" suggest\nquestions that are sure to be high on the\nresearch agenda for political history in the\nnext decade or more.", "date": "1987-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "74", "number": "1", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "169-170", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-094057910", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-094057910", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qe1z8-5t992", "eprint_id": 41796, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:35:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Thinking Back: The Perils of Writing History [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1987 Cambridge University Press.\nBook review of: Thinking Back: The Perils of Writing History. By C. Vann Woodward. Baton Rouge:\nLouisiana State University Press, 1986. ISBN: 9780807113776\n\nPublished - Thinking_Back.pdf
", "abstract": "This elegant, witty, and cagy book falls into no established category. Part intellectual\nautobiography, part historiographical debate, part reflections on a career of engaged\naccomplishment, Thinking Back seems to me, as a student and friend of Woodward's\nand therefore not entirely nonpartisan, an essay of irresistable charm. Woodward's job\nduring World War II was making sense of naval battle reports. Here, he summarizes\nintellectual conflicts, with an eye to shaping the terms in which his life's work will\nultimately be seen. Too subtle to engage in straightforward apologetics, he is more\nconcerned with explaining the circumstances in which his major books were produced\nand with making clear what he intended, generally and in detail, in each. Disarmingly\ngenerous to some critics, especially younger ones, he is cooly withering toward others.", "date": "1987-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Economic History", "volume": "47", "number": "2", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "pagerange": "591-592", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-095754423", "issn": "0022-0507", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-095754423", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Thinking_Back.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qe1z8-5t992/files/Thinking_Back.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8z1ej-3gr96", "eprint_id": 41795, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:27:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:46:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Legal Fraternity and The Making of a New South Community, 1848-1882 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1987 North Carolina Historical Commission.\n\nBook review of: The Legal Fraternity and the Making of a New South Community, 1848-1882. By Gail Williams O'Brien. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986. ISBN: 9780820308494\n\nPublished - 372902.pdf
", "abstract": "The first half of this short study of Guilford County, North Carolina, aims to test the thesis that after 1865 a new entrepreneurial class replaced prewar planters as holders of social, economic, and especially political power in the South. Finding that attorneys were comparatively more important after than before the Civil War, O'Brien in the second part of the book intensively analyzes the economic and political activities of a small group of particularly important men. The author concludes that southern leadership did not change much and that it was never \"precapitalist.\" Her conclusions, however, are partly undermined by problems in research design.", "date": "1987-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "North Carolina Historical Review", "volume": "64", "number": "2", "publisher": "North Carolina Historical Commission", "pagerange": "219-220", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-094320580", "issn": "0029-2494", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-094320580", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "372902.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8z1ej-3gr96/files/372902.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v8ark-ek542", "eprint_id": 41876, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:23:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:52:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820-1900 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. \nBook review of: The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820-1900 / Theodore M. Porter. Princeton University Press: 1988. ISBN: 9780691024097.\n\nBook review of: The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900 / Stephen M. Stigler. Harvard University Press: 1990. ISBN: 9780674403413", "abstract": "The two most essential tools for modem\nmathematical statistics-the \"method of\nleast squares\" and the \"normal\" curve-were\ndeveloped by the second decade of the\n19th century. Yet the great intellectual synthesis\nthat turned statistics into an academic\ndiscipline with a pervasive impact on society\nwas not accomplished until the end of the\ncentury. How the synthesis came about, and\nwhy it took so long, is the chief puzzle that\nboth of these books seek to solve.", "date": "1987-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Wilson Quarterly", "volume": "11", "publisher": "Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars", "pagerange": "161-162", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-142942241", "issn": "0363-3276", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-142942241", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/krmzh-v8a59", "eprint_id": 41864, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:00:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:51:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "A Review Essay: Reconstruction Compared to What? [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Taylor & Francis.\n\nPublished online: 13 Jun 2008.\n\nBook Review of: When the War Was Over: The Failure of Self\u2010Reconstruction in the South, 1865\u20131867. Dan Carter. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press. 1985.\n\nBook Review of: Crucible of Reconstruction: War, Radicalism, and Race in Louisiana, 1862\u20131877. Ted Tunnell. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press. 1984", "abstract": "There are three elements to every complete historical interpretation: a descriptive comparison, a causal argument based on the description, and a justification of the comparison. For instance, historians of Reconstruction in the U.S. often ask how different the political, social,\nor economic systems were before 1860, between 1865 and the mid-1870s, and/or after 1877; or they compare the experiences of the freedmen in the U.S. to those of their counterparts in the Caribbean islands, Brazil, or Russia; or they contrast southern postbellum economic growth with that of other regions of the country or the world;\nor they counterpose some part of the American experience, such as Andrew Johnson's political ineptitude, to a hypothetical counterfactual situation.", "date": "1986-12-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Slavery and Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies", "volume": "7", "number": "3", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "290-298", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-100019528", "issn": "1743-9523", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-100019528", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01440398608574918", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8eea2-g3r13", "eprint_id": 41797, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:47:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Reliving the Past: The Worlds of Social History [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 The Johns Hopkins University Press.\nBook review of: Olivier Zunz, ed. Reliving the Past: The Worlds of Social History. Chapel\nHill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.\nISBN: 9780807816585", "abstract": "Social history's hundred flowers campaign, Olivier Zunz in effect announces,\nhas gone on long enough. Suffering from \"fragmentation and a diminished\nfocus,\" lacking \"a clear program,\" increasingly \"uncritical\" in the use of social\nscientific theories, the field \"now needs reordering.\" In place of geographically\nand topically narrow studies, overspecialization, and subordination to\nframeworks borrowed from the social sciences, we are to have \"large syntheses\"\nabout \"major transformations\" common to many countries, and\ntheories and methods are apparently to be generated largely within history\nitself (pp. 3-10). To connect the overview from the top to the perspective\nfrom the bottom up, Charles Tilly provides an arresting slogan in the first of\nthe book's five single-authored historiographical essays, each on the modern\nhistory of a major region or country: \"How did Europeans live the big\nchanges?\" (p. 11). Exemplary monographs having failed to discipline the field,\nthe writers turn to the genre of the hortatory literature review. What is the\nnew program and how likely is it to remake social history?", "date": "1986-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Reviews in American History", "volume": "14", "number": "3", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Press", "pagerange": "342-347", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-100000786", "issn": "0048-7511", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-100000786", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ktt8h-7pg55", "eprint_id": 41799, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:45:24", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "History of the Supreme Court of the United States. Volume IX: The Judiciary and Responsible Government, 1910-21 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Southern Historical Association.\n\nBook review of: History of the Supreme Court of the United States. Volume IX: The Judiciary and Responsible Government, 1910-21. Parts One and Two. Part One by Alexander M. Bickel; Part Two by Benno C. Schmidt, Jr. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company; London: Collier Macmillan Publishers, c. 1984. Pp. xiv, 1,041.", "abstract": "When he died in 1974, Alexander Bickel had finished the seven 100-page\nchapters of this volume of the Holmes Devise Series that cover appointments to the Supreme Court and cases concerning social and economic issues,\nexcept race. As a judge's history, concentrating on printed materials and the\nmanuscripts of the Justices, Part One is trenchant and often delightful. Case\nby case, vignette by vignette, Bickel had no peer for clarity, brevity, shrewd\njudgments, and wit. Yet unlike his mentor Felix Frankfurter, Bickel rarely\nstepped back and considered overarching issues of political and constitutional\ntheory, and he made no effort to master post-World War II versions of\nthe history of the so-called Progressive Era. These chapters constitute an\nauthoritative reference work for details, an unself-consciously traditional\nseries of well-crafted set pieces to.be dipped into for specific information,\nnot consulted for broad generalizations or read page by page. There is no\nBickel thesis here and little direct questioning of anyone else's thesis, either.\nOn Bickel's account, the Court in these years was just inconsistent sometimes\nfor, sometimes against various sorts of regulations, sometimes\ndeferential to other branches, sometimes assertive of judicial power, sometimes\nslavishly following precedent, sometimes creative and responsive to\nnew arguments. There were apparently no pronounced trends. Perhaps this\nwas the way the period really was, but Bickel's narrow focus shrouds any\npossible larger themes from view.", "date": "1986-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Southern History", "volume": "52", "number": "3", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "pagerange": "479-481", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-100639895", "issn": "2325-6893", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-100639895", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vq1bq-svf59", "eprint_id": 41798, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:38:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Self-Inflicted Wound: Southern Politics in the Nineteenth Century [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: The Self-Inflicted Wound: Southern Politics in the Nineteenth Century by Robert F. Durden. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1985. ISBN: 9780813103075", "abstract": "In this brief, well-written narrative of the main\nlines of the development of national political issues in the South from 1800-1890, Robert F.\nDurden argues that the region passed from\noptimistic nationalism, often with vigorous\ntwo-party competition, in the early and\nmiddle parts of the century to pessimistic \"aggrieved\nsectionalism\" and one-party domination\nafter Reconstruction. The white masses,\nhe contends, inflicted the damaging transformation\non themselves by gradually becoming\nentirely devoted to slavery and white supremacy.", "date": "1986-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "73", "number": "1", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "189-190", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-100209944", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-100209944", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ddxfv-tv297", "eprint_id": 41005, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:26:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:12:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Speculation or Specification? A Note on Flanigan and Zingale : Comment and Debate On Flanigan's and Zingale's \"Alchemist's Gold\"", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1986 by the Social Science History Association.\n\nAccepted Version - Speculation_or_Specification.pdf
", "abstract": "In a recent article in Social Science History, Flanigan and\nZingale reviewed the old problem of inferring individual relationships\nfrom aggregate data, cast doubt on Goodman's ecological\nregression technique as a method of estimating such relationships,\nand contended that the specification analysis approach to the issue\nwas misleading. Instead, they argued that an ad hoc procedure\nsuggested by Shively in a 1974 article was superior to Goodman's\npoint estimates because it avoids dubious assumptions and forces\ninvestigators to make their premises clear. Comparing results\nfrom analyses of state-level data on major party voting in the\n1968 and 1972 presidential elections with figures from the Michigan\nsurveys, they concluded, to their satisfaction at least, that the\nassumptions required for ecological regression were badly violated\nand that it was preferable in this and other cases to use the system\nthat Shively, without making any grandiose claims for it, had\noriginated (Flanigan and Zingale, 1985; Goodman, 1959; Hanushek\net al., 1974; Shively, 1974; Langbein and Lichtman, 1978).", "date": "1986-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Science History", "volume": "10", "number": "1", "publisher": "Social Science History Association", "pagerange": "71-84", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150002023", "issn": "0145-5532", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150002023", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Speculation_or_Specification.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ddxfv-tv297/files/Speculation_or_Specification.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dmbda-t8535", "eprint_id": 41335, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:11:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:39:30", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Dead End: The Development of Nineteenth-Century\n Litigation on Racial Discrimination in Schools - An Inaugural Lecture\n delivered before the University of Oxford\n on 28 February 1985", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Oxford University Press.\n\nEarlier versions of this paper have been presented at the Southern Historical Association Convention, 1980, and at the University of Miami, 1983. Research support was partially provided by the National Endowment for the Humanities, grant no. R020225-82.", "abstract": "When the first Justice John Marshall Harlan announced in 1899\nin the case of Cumming v. Richmond County that the Supreme Court\nof the United States would not enjoin the school board of\nAugusta, Georgia, from supporting white public high schools\nafter it had cut off funds from a black high school, he discussed\nno precedent cases. Had he entered into an examination of the\nvast body of relevant litigation, both federal and state, Harlan\nwould have found it more difficult to justify leaving black\nchildren's rights to the discretion of almost universally white\nschool boards. Like Harlan, professional historians have paid\ntoo little attention to these cases, and no one has yet treated the\nwhole sweep of legal actions on racial discrimination in education\nin the nineteenth century. Was Harlan in Cumming, and\nwas Justice Henry Billings Brown in Plessy v. Ferguson following\nthe general trend of case law, or were their opinions departures\nfrom previous state or federal court decisions? Was the line of\ncases straight, or did it waver, and if so, how and why? In particular,\nto what degree did post-bellum court decisions follow\nMassachusetts Chief Justice Lemuel Shaw's 1850 judgment in\nRoberts v. Boston, which Justice Brown quoted so memorably in\nhis 1896 Plessy opinion? How large an effect did the Fourteenth\nAmendment and the wartime and postwar racial egalitarianism\nhave on the protection of black educational rights? How complete\nwas what William Gillette has termed the 'retreat from Reconstruction', and how long did it take to execute that\nretrograde manoeuvre? What standards developed in early\nequal protection law, and upon what bases did judges decide\nthat segregation was or was not legitimate, that racial disparities\nin education were or were not sufficiently great to merit correction\nby the courts? In what types of communities did such\nsuits arise, and what sorts of men, judges as well as lawyers,\nstood for or against equal rights? Was the black struggle against\nracial discrimination in schools hopelessly lost from the\nbeginning because of unvarying and deeply-held racist beliefs\namong virtually all white Americans, or were those beliefs\nsufficiently malleable to allow some black progress? Was the\nunity of nineteenth-century whites behind racial segregation in\nschools so solid that the 1954 Brown decision, as Raoul Berger\nhas charged, 'upended' the law, reading the Fourteenth\nAmendment 'to mean exactly the opposite of what its framers\ndesigned it to mean'? In the largest sense, what light do the\ncases throw on the historical development of race relations in\nAmerica?", "date": "1986", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Clarendon Press", "place_of_pub": "Oxford", "pagerange": "1-64", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-161052724", "isbn": "9780199515448", "book_title": "Dead End: The Development of Nineteenth-Century Litigation on Racial Discrimination in Schools - An Inaugural Lecture delivered before the University of Oxford on 28 February 1985", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-161052724", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Endowment for the Humanities", "grant_number": "R020225-82" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h0wpv-b0h56", "eprint_id": 41683, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:11:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:55:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Must Historians Regress?", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "Published online: 06 Feb 2013", "abstract": "In a series of books and articles published from 1957 to 1961, Lee Benson attacked previous political historians' implicit theorizing, faulty inferences, and failure to examine relevant data using multivariate methods. Benson castigated the view of Jacksonian Democracy embodied in Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.'s, Age of Jackson as \"fiction,\" for example, and announced that he had rejected this view because he had \"penetrated the rhetorical surface and struck hard data.\" Distinguishing between factual and interpretative questions, he sought to reduce the scope of\n\"subjective relativism\" among historians by first \"objectively reconstructing\" the facts, thus putting historians in a far better position to pose interpretative questions \"in meaningful and reasonably precise form.\" To attain objectivity, historians had first to discard \"the mpressionistic approach long dominant in American political historiography,\" and adopt a \"systematic methodology,\" one that required data to be analyzed \"comprehensively and rigorously. \" The young Lee Benson's vision inspired many historians, myself included, to attempt to carry out a new, more\nthorough and \"scientific\" program to revise American political history.", "date": "1986", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods", "volume": "19", "number": "2", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "62-81", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131004-104932034", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131004-104932034", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01615440.1986.10594170", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gf0zs-kn853", "eprint_id": 81561, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:16:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 20:52:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Must Historians Regress? An Answer to Lee Benson", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Taylor & Francis.", "abstract": "In a series of books and articles published from 1957 to 1961, Lee Benson attacked previous political historians' implicit theorizing, faulty inferences, and failure to examine relevant data using multivariate methods. Benson castigated the view of Jacksonian Democracy embodied in Arthur Schlesinger, Jr's, Age of Jackson as \"fiction,\" for example, and announced that he had rejected this view because he had \"penetrated the rhetorical surface and struck hard data.\" Distinguishing between factual and interpretative questions, he sought to reduce the scope of \"subjective relativism\" among historians by first \"objectively reconstructing\" the facts, thus putting historians in a far better position to pose interpretive questions \"in meaningful and reasonably precise form.\" To attain objectivity, historians had first to discard \"the impressionistic approach long dominant in American political historiography,\" and adopt a \"systematic methodology,\" one that required data to be analyzed \"comprehensively and rigorously.\" The young Lee Benson's vision inspired many historians, myself included, to attempt to carry out a new, more thorough and \"scientific\" program to revise American political history.", "date": "1986", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "19", "number": "2", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "62-81", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170919-092342752", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170919-092342752", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01615440.1986.10594170", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p7wry-vt728", "eprint_id": 41800, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:11:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Nothing But Freedom: Emancipation and Its Legacy [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Taylor & Francis Group.\nBook review of Nothing But Freedom: Emancipation and Its Legacy / Eric Foner. Louisiana State University Press: 1983. ISBN: 9780807111185.", "abstract": "Now that the three Fleming Lectures that Eric Foner gave in 1982 at L.S.U. have\nbeen issued in paperback, teachers in courses that touch on the postemancipation\nAmerican south or the Caribbean will be faced with a difficult dilemma. Should they\nassign this succinct, clear, and pleasantly written summary of important facets of the\nlatest scholarship to their students, or should they merely crib lecture material from it\nthemselves? Concentrating on comparative reconstruction, labour history, and what\nmight be called 'indirect political history' or 'political history once removed', the\nbook slights race relations and developments in world markets, southern cities, and\nthe largely white upcountry areas, as Foner acknowledges, and essentially ignores\nelectoral and national politics and constitutional issues. Marxist in his central\nconcern with class relationships, Foner turns Marx or at least Harrington on his head\nwith his pervasive and persuasive argument that political power crucially shaped\neconomic conflicts. That the Dunningite Walter Lynwood Fleming himself would\nprobably have barely recognized the work as a book on Reconstruction, that it is\ndedicated to W.E.B. DuBois, whose Black Reconstruction, Foner points out, has\nnever been reviewed in the American Historical Review, and that it attacks the\ncurrently fashionable notion that emancipation made little difference to blacks or to\nwhite planters is an indication of its revisionary tone and contents.", "date": "1986", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Slavery and Abolition: A Journal of Slave and Post-Slave Studies", "volume": "7", "number": "1", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "77-79", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-100809934", "issn": "1743-9523", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-100809934", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01440398608574905", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jx88z-fbr12", "eprint_id": 41031, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:06:04", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:23:58", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Are Political Acts Unnatural?", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1985 by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editors of The Journal of\nInterdisciplinary History.\n\n\nMorgan Kousser is Professor of History and Social Science at the California Institute of\nTechnology. He is the author of The Shaping of Southern Politics (New Haven, 1974).\nThe author thanks R. Douglas Rivers for forcing him to clarify some of his thoughts\nand for saving him from some errors and absolves him from further complicity in this\nreply.\n\nPublished - unnatural.pdf
", "abstract": "Written history currently lacks a mainstream. Seeming to bob\nmore violently than usual on numerous cross-currents-QUASSH\n(Quantitative Social Scientific History), the new labor history,\npublic history, the revival of narrative, etc.-the profession is\nawash in the flotsam and jetsam of agendas, campaigns, calls to\narms, and condemnations. I admit to having contributed to the\ndetritus, but believe it better that the craft be buffeted than that\nit float lazily and aimlessly or drift into scholarly backwaters. My\narticle on restoring politics to political history, however, was less\na manifesto or a critique of previous historical works than it was\nan attempt to chart more clearly a course which some seemed\nalready to be taking, to warn that the political science party up\nahead had run aground on certain shoals, and to describe a possible\ndestination of the journey. I did not mean to ban other trips to\nother places, and, of course, I have no power to do so. Although\nI welcome Bourke and DeBats' call to take new bearings before\ncontinuing the excursion, I believe that the route that they have\nplotted fails to take adequate account of certain figurative rapids\nand eddies. Let me begin by very quickly retracing, less metaphorically,\nmy earlier map.", "date": "1985-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "15", "number": "3", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "467-480", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-111115918", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-111115918", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "unnatural.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jx88z-fbr12/files/unnatural.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/as19m-f9f97", "eprint_id": 41801, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:02:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The coming of competition [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1985 The Times Literary Supplement.\n\nBook review of: Alexander Lamis. The Two-Party South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. 317 pp. ISBN: 0195034775, 9780195034776\n\nPublished - The_Coming_of_Competition.pdf
", "abstract": "In his classic Southern Politics in State and\nNation (1949), V. O. Key, Jr, charged that the\nno-party polity that was then beginning to\neffect a gradual metamorphosis in the American\nSouth tended to produce demagogic,\nirresponsible and reactionary politicians and to\nsplinter the restricted electorate into evanescent\ngroupings of local court-house cliques and\ntheir dependants and followers. Because it discouraged\ncompetition between state-wide parties,\nhe argued, the southern political system\ninhibited the \"natural\" emergence of class divisions\nin politics and therefore enabled the privileged\nto block nearly every attempt by those\nsympathetic to the poor of either race to\nemploy politics to lessen socioeconomic\ninequalities.", "date": "1985-10-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Times Literary Supplement", "publisher": "Times Newspapers Limited", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-101012468", "issn": "0040-7895", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-101012468", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "The_Coming_of_Competition.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/as19m-f9f97/files/The_Coming_of_Competition.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hnh3h-2xn61", "eprint_id": 41802, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:58:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "In Pursuit of Power: Southern Blacks & Electoral Politics, 1965-1982 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1985 Georgia Historical Society.\nBook review of: In Pursuit of Power: Southern Blacks & Electoral Politics, 1965-1982.\nBy Steven F. Lawson. Contemporary American History Series. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985. Pp. xix, 391.\nISBN: 978-0-231-04627-5", "abstract": "In his well-received Black Ballots (1976), Steven F. Lawson traced\nthe course of federal legal actions to enforce the Fifteenth Amendment\nfrom the outlawing of the white primary in 1944 to the passage\nof the Voting Rights Act (VRA) in 1965. This sequel chronicles the\nefforts to register and mobilize black voters from 1965 to 1969,\nlargely in Alabama and Mississippi, and the battles over federal legal\nprotection for voting rights workers and those concerning the administration\nand the three renewals of the VRA from 1970 to 1982.\nBased on a wide reading in manuscript collections, government reports,\nsecondary literature, printed court opinions, and oral histories,\nthe book does not draw on newspapers, unpublished court records,\nor very extensive interviews by the author, and it contains no systematic\nanalyses of legislative or electoral behavior. Rather misleadingly\ntitled, it does not examine the campaigns of southern black candidates\noutside Alabama and Mississippi, or even in those states after 1971,\nor assess, except in the most general way, the consequences for\neconomic and social policies of the victories of black or black-backed\nwhite candidates.", "date": "1985-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Georgia Historical Quarterly", "volume": "69", "number": "3", "publisher": "Georgia Historical Society", "pagerange": "441-443", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-101231149", "issn": "0016-8297", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-101231149", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ay3fp-9qc27", "eprint_id": 41804, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:48:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Road to Redemption: Southern Politics, 1869-1879 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1985 Academy of Political Science.\nBook review of: The Road to Redemption: Southern Politics, 1868-1879 by Michael Perman.\nChapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1984.\nISBN: 9780807815267", "abstract": "Clearly and crisply written, based on wide reading in manuscripts, newspapers, and secondary\nliterature, Perman's new book is the first comprehensive synthesis, covering all the\nex-Confederate states, of the extensive anti-\"Dunning School\" revisionist work on\nsouthern Reconstruction politics. To the racist and anti-Republican Dunningites, the era\nwas as simple as black and white. The only divisions among Democrats were between the\ncautious and the heroic; among Republicans, between villains and fools. More objective\nrecent historians, employing grayer tones, have highlighted important schisms within each\nparty. Systematizing this previously inchoate interpretation, Perman's superb delineation\nof the logic of competing political strategies is the capstone of what seems likely to become\nthe new orthodoxy- Reconstruction as the politics of factions.", "date": "1985-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Political Science Quarterly", "volume": "100", "number": "2", "publisher": "Academy of Political Science", "pagerange": "350-351", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-101725620", "issn": "0032-3195", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-101725620", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rs81v-ywp49", "eprint_id": 41865, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:38:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:11:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Current Crisis in American Politics [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1985 Duke University Press.\n\nBook review of: Walter Dean Burnham, The Current Crisis in American Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982, 322 pp., ISBN: 9780195032192.\n\n \nBook review of: Paul Kleppner, Who Voted? The Dynamics of Electoral Turnout, 1870-1980. New York: Praeger, 1982, 206 pp., ISBN: 9780275906610.", "abstract": "Conventional political historians tell colorful stories of particular\npoliticians or election campaigns or analyze the appeals of what\nthey claim are the underlying ideologies of groups or of eras.\nBasing their accounts on the impressions of interested observers\nas recorded in letters and newspapers, they usually shun open and\nself-conscious theorizing and straightforward, falsifiable conclusions,\nand they pay scant attention to election returns, legislative\nroll calls, and other quantifiable data. Social scientific political\nhistorians, on the other hand, specify their assumptions and models,\nfocus more on countable than on \"lettristic\" evidence, examine\nelectoral systems or strings of elections, and aim to generalize.\nFor traditionalists, questions about trends in voting turnout simply\ndo not arise. The publication of these two books demonstrates\nboth how much the newer approach has changed the research agenda of political history and how important questions of turnout\nhave become. Yet reflection on their analysis suggests that the\nabandonment of the focus on the particulars of single elections\nand candidates may not be a wholly unmixed blessing for political\nhistory.", "date": "1985-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Science History", "volume": "9", "number": "2", "publisher": "Social Science History Association", "pagerange": "215-227", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-100323660", "issn": "0145-5532", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131010-100323660", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gdh72-hcs98", "eprint_id": 41803, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:37:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Ironies of abolition [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Book review of: David Brion Davis. Slavery and Human Progress. New York: Oxford University Press, . ISBN: 0195034392\n\nPublished - Kousser_TLS_2_1_1985.pdf
Accepted Version - davis.pdf
", "abstract": "History is better than ever. More broadly trained than their predecessors and more attracted to the social sciences, the historians who came of professional age in the 1950s, 60s and early 70s often learnt from or even collaborated with sociologists, political scientists, and especially economists. Many social scientists, increasingly dissatisfied at being confined to the relatively static and homogeneous present, saw the past as a fresh lode of rich and interesting data. The resultant commingling of history with neighbouring disciplines produced an unprecedented outpouring of monographs, conventionally. grouped under the rubric of the \"new social history\", that have greatly deepened our knowledge of previously under-explored topics: the history of the demography and living conditions of the masses, of non-European countries, of diseases and popular rituals, of ethnic groups and gays, of women, and, perhaps especially, of black people. Ever more theoretically and methodologically sophisticated, these studies have developed a momentum of their own, which has not, so far, been reversed even by the post-baby-boom educational cutbacks of Reagan and Thatcher, or the calls for a return to narrowly political and self-consciously patriotic history by Sir Keith Joseph and such American neo-conservatives as Gertrude Himmelfarb.", "date": "1985-02-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "TLS, the Times literary supplement", "publisher": "Times Newspapers Limited", "pagerange": "123-124", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-101509191", "issn": "0307-661X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-101509191", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "davis.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gdh72-hcs98/files/davis.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Kousser_TLS_2_1_1985.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gdh72-hcs98/files/Kousser_TLS_2_1_1985.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0ehnk-r8917", "eprint_id": 41806, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:35:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Wild Ass of the Ozarks: Jeff Davis and the Social Bases of Southern Politics [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1985 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: The Wild Ass of the Ozarks: Jeff Davis and the Social Bases of Southern Politics by Raymond Arsenault.\nPhiladelphia: Temple University Press, 1984. ISBN: 9780877223269", "abstract": "Historians have failed to understand the phenomenon\nof early twentieth-century southern demagoguery,\nRaymond Arsenault contends, because they\nhave focused too much on the personalities and\nshenanigans of individual leaders and too little on\nthe responses of voters. From 1898 to 1912, as an\nArkansas attorney general, governor, and U.S. senator,\nJeff Davis's mass base was rural and was attracted\nto him, Arsenault speculates, by a desire to\nresist the modernizing culture of towns and cities\nand its symbolic instrument, the railroad. Whereas\nin the 1880s and 1890s, Arkansas Wheelers and\nPopulists had gained near-majority popular support for significant economic and social change, the gentry-\nbaiting, Yankee-baiting, race-baiting Davis, who\nfilled the political air with irresponsible charges\nabout his opponents but never carried through on\nany judicial, executive, or legislative program, offered\nthe hicks only a \"politics of catharsis\" (p. 15), a\nrhetorical denigration of their geographically or\nracially distinct adversaries. Less neatly separated\ninto politically relevant social groups than their\nethnically and religiously divided northern counterparts\nand largely protected, as a result of disfranchisement,\nagainst racial and partisan schisms, voters\nin the disorganized and restricted one-party\nArkansas electorate, Arsenault conjectures, were\nskeptical of governmental activism and were consequently well satisfied to attend Davis's breadless\ncircuses.", "date": "1985-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Historical Review", "volume": "90", "number": "1", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "228-229", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-102205329", "issn": "0002-8762", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-102205329", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mgfyy-1pf62", "eprint_id": 41030, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:07:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:23:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Origins of the Run-Off Primary", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1984 Black World Foundation.", "abstract": "Was the adoption of the run-off primary\npart of a general \"progressive\" move\nto democratize elections, or was it an episode\nin a reactionary crusade to eliminate any\nchance of black influence in politics by\nperpetuating one-party rule?", "date": "1984-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "The Black Scholar", "volume": "15", "publisher": "Black World Foundation", "pagerange": "23-26", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-110904625", "issn": "0006-4246", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-110904625", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hy5m5-gwy19", "eprint_id": 41812, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:56:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman Farmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry, 1850-1890 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1984 Oxford University Press.\n\nBook review of: The Roots of Southern Populism: Yeoman\nFarmers and the Transformation of the Georgia Upcountry,\n1850-1890. New York: Oxford University Press.\n1983. Pp. xvii; 340. ISBN: 9780195032499", "abstract": "Basing his sweeping reinterpretation of southern\nsociety and politics from the 1850s to the 1890s\nchiefly on an intense study of two counties in the\nGeorgia upcountry, Steven Hahn argues that white\nsouthern yeomen were transmogrified largely\nagainst their will from subsistence farmers in the\nantebellum era to producers, particularly of cotton,\nfor local, national, and international markets after\n1865. During the 1880s, many small farmers, in\nwhat he depicts as an effort to defend their \"Revolutionary\nrepublican heritage\" (p. 240), opposed such\nlaws as those that required owners to fence in their\nanimals, instead of letting them roam freely down\nvillage streets, or through neighbors' corn fields.\nReacting against their changed socioeconomic roles\nand against the credit relations that their abandonment\nof self-sufficiency necessitated, yeomen voted\n\"independent\" in the 1870s and Populist in the\n1890s. These clashes between Democrats and their\nopponents reflected not simply material self-interest,\nHahn asserts repeatedly, but profound cultural\ndifferences between smallholders who adhered to a\npreindustrial \"republican producer ideology''\n(p. 283) and the forces of \"bourgeois individualism\nand the free market\" (p. 282), here represented by\nsmall town merchants and a developing \"agrarian\nbourgeoisie\" (p. 244). Engagingly written, provocative,\nfashionably blending simple social statistics with\ncultural \"Marxism,\" this book, winner of the Nevins\ndissertation prize, has already attracted considerable\nattention.", "date": "1984-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Historical Review", "volume": "89", "number": "3", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "854-855", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-110638070", "issn": "0002-8762", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-110638070", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m0x87-cx512", "eprint_id": 41006, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:45:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Revivalism of Narrative: A Response to Recent Criticisms of Quantitative History", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1984 Social Science History Assn.\n\nI would like to acknowledge the helpful comments of Stanley L.\nEngerman, David W. Galenson, and William T. Jones, and to grant anonymity\nto the many friends and colleagues who urged me, without notable success, to be\na bit more reticent and conciliatory in the tone of the article.\n\n\nJ. Morgan Kousser is Professor of History and Social Science at the California Institute of Technology. He has written on The Shaping of Southern Politics (1974) and is a leading spokesperson for Quantitative Social Science History. His recent papers include \"Log-Linear Analysis of Contingency Tables,\" and \"Are Expert Witnesses Whores?\"", "abstract": "In his presidential address to the Social Science History Association Convention in November 1981, Robert William Fogel declared sanguinely that social scientific historians had won their battle for legitimacy within the historical profession in America, and that we should now stop feeling embattled, spend less effort proselytizing, and calmly go on with our substantive work. While his statistics on the occupational advancement of social scientific historians do indicate a degree of acceptance, and while his advice to worry less and pay attention to business will be followed (as that is what nearly all of us were doing anyway), I am less optimistic than Fogel, read the employment trends differently, and see more signs of a reaction against quantitative social scientific history-or what I like to refer to as QUASSH-than he does (Kousser, 1980). Perhaps Professor Fogel and I differ only temperamentally. As a former Marxist, he still retains a bit of faith in the inevitable triumph of progressive forces; as a former Methodist, I am unable to shake off the pessimism that is the psychological residue of the doctrine of original sin. In any case, whereas Fogel seems to think that most recent criticisms of QUASSH are so obviously flawed as to require no answer, I fear that some people, especially those with substantial investments in \"history-as-it-used-to-be-done,\" may still be susceptible to false messiahs or, perhaps more precisely, false Jeremiahs.", "date": "1984-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Science History", "volume": "8", "number": "2", "publisher": "Social Science History Association", "pagerange": "133-149", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150212577", "issn": "0145-5532", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150212577", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m2nmm-1he55", "eprint_id": 41813, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:42:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "A Calculating People: The Spread of Numeracy in Early America [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1984 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: Patricia Cline Cohen. A Calculating People: The Spread of Numeracy in Early America. Chicago: University\nof Chicago Press. 1982. ISBN: 9780226112831", "abstract": "Although England contained only a relative handful\nof \"mathematically minded\" men in 1700, Americans\nby 1840 had become inveterate, if often uncritical,\nconsumers of numbers. How and why this came\nabout and what the change reveals about American\nsociety is the subject of Patricia Cline Cohen's path-breaking\nand insightful book. Lacking a simple\nindex of \"numeracy,\" such as the ability to inscribe\none's name on a form, which students of literacy\nhave employed, Cohen has perforce to broaden her\ndefinition and her sources. By numeracy she means\nnot higher mathematics but, on the one hand, the\nability to perform basic arithmetic calculations and\nthe belief that the study of mathematics was important\nand suitable for children, and, on the other hand, a delight in numbers and a fascination with\nquantifiable social facts. Her method is to analyze\ndeeply certain episodes that she takes to be emblematic,\nsuch as the smallpox inoculation controversy in\nBoston in 1721 and the scandalous overestimate of\nnorthern black insanity in the 1840 census, as well\nas to examine changes in arithmetic texts, reference\nand accounting books for tradesmen, and governmental\ndata gathering from seventeenth-century\nEngland through eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century\nAmerica.", "date": "1984-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Historical Review", "volume": "89", "number": "1", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "203-204", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-111727285", "issn": "0002-8762", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-111727285", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z50dx-mjz98", "eprint_id": 41000, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:28:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Are Expert Witnesses Whores? Reflections on Objectivity in Scholarship and\n Expert Witnessing", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1984 The University of California Press.\n\nThe Public Historian, 6 (1984), 5-19. Reprinted in Theodore J. Karamanski, ed., Ethics & Public History: An Anthology (Malabar, FL: Krieger, 1990), 31-44.\n\nPrevious versions of this paper were given at the Social Science History Association Convention\nin 1981, at the Association of American Law Schools Convention in 1983, and at\nthe Caltech History Colloquium in 1983. One of the special joys of writing and giving this\npaper has been the chance to learn from people whose attention I would not usually he\nable to demand. I particularly want to thank for their comments Brian Barry, Derrick Bell,\nJohn Benton, Armand Derfner, Jim O'Fallon, Phil Hoffman, Will Jones, Dan Kevles,\nSteve Morse, and Ed Still. Since it seems likely that all of them retain some reservations\nabout the paper, none should he held responsible for its remaining flaws.\n\nPublished - Kousser_1984p5.pdf
", "abstract": "Expert witnesses' general reputation for veracity is not untainted. In the elegant and tasteful expression of Harold Green, director of the Law, Science, and Technology Program at George Washington University, \"Expert witnesses are whores .... \" Others interviewed for a newspaper article on science and public policy, in which Green's statement appears, were somewhat more charitable in their diction, but affirmed that expert witnesses were \"chosen not for their wisdom or sagacity but for their willingness to say in the simplest, clearest, least tentative way what a particular side wants said.", "date": "1984", "date_type": "published", "publication": "The Public Historian", "volume": "6", "publisher": "University of California Santa Barbara", "pagerange": "5-19", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-142650480", "issn": "0272-3433", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-142650480", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Kousser_1984p5.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z50dx-mjz98/files/Kousser_1984p5.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t2nhd-48a28", "eprint_id": 41805, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:28:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Journey From Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Book review of: Journey from Jim Crow: The Desegregation of Southern Transit . By Catherine A. Barnes. New York: Columbia University Press, 1984. ISBN: 0231053800, 9780231053808.\n\nPublished - Journey_from_Jim_Crow.pdf
", "abstract": "In 1867, when New Orleans blacks protested the segregation\npractices of private streetcar companies by boarding white-only\nhorse cars, the military Reconstruction commander in that city ordered\nthe cars integrated. In 1887, the newly established Interstate\nCommerce Commission harshly. condemned the unequal\nfacilities for blacks on southern railroads. In 1942, a black soldier\nwho sat in a white-only section of a bus in Beaumont, Texas, was\narrested, then beaten and shot by policemen. In 1955, when civil\nrights activist Rosa Parks refused to move from a white seat in a\nMontgomery, Alabama bus, she started a massive boycott that\nbrought Martin Luther King, Jr. to international prominence. In\n1962, a sixty-one-year old white \"freedom rider\" suffered permanent\nbrain damage after being beaten by white counter-protesters\non an interstate bus in Anniston, Alabama. Yet in 1964, when\nCongress finally repassed the 1875 Civil Rights Act rule against\nsegregation in public transit, the end of this most symbolic facet of\nthe Jim Crow system received little praise from the civil rights\nmovement and little opposition from the white South. These incidents\nand scores of others, legal and extralegal, are treated in this\nfirst comprehensive analysis of the history of segregated public\ntransit in the South. Catherine Barnes's pithy, understated book is\na solid combination of legal and social history. It should be read\nby anyone interested in the twisted path of race relations in\nAmerica.", "date": "1984", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Constitutional Commentary", "volume": "2", "publisher": "University of Minnesota Law School", "pagerange": "197-202", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-102031471", "issn": "0742-7115", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-102031471", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Journey_from_Jim_Crow.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t2nhd-48a28/files/Journey_from_Jim_Crow.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c5nh0-d2z47", "eprint_id": 41188, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:28:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:31:05", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Suffrage", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1984, III, 1236-58", "abstract": "[No abstract]", "date": "1984", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Scribner", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "1236-1258", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-135150767", "isbn": "0684170035", "book_title": "Encyclopedia of American Political History", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-135150767", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Greene-J-P", "name": { "family": "Greene", "given": "J. P." } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y5jyh-5wg55", "eprint_id": 41811, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:28:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Southern Enigma: Essays on Race, Class, and Folk Culture [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1984 Virginia Historical Society.\nBook review of: The Southern Enigma: Essays on Race, Class, and Folk Culture. Edited by WALTER J. FRASER, JR., and WINFRED B. MOORE, JR. Westport and London: Greenwood Press, 1983. x, 240 pp. ISBN: 978-0-313-23640-2\n\nPublished - fraser_jr.pdf
", "abstract": "This severely foreshortened anthology from the 1981 Citadel Conference on the South consists of 11 pages of introductions, 158 pages of essays proper, and 53 pages of footnotes and citations to further reading. While the essays, composed by some of the best-known interpreters of the southern experience as well as by some promising newcomers, are almost uniformly well written, the authors were apparently forced to compress so radically that their papers are more provocative and provoking than satisfying.", "date": "1984", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Virginia Magazine of History and Biography", "volume": "92", "number": "4", "publisher": "Virginia Historical Society", "pagerange": "475-476", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-110441841", "issn": "0042-6636", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-110441841", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "fraser_jr.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y5jyh-5wg55/files/fraser_jr.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w61ge-3c719", "eprint_id": 41336, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:28:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:39:35", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Undermining of the First Reconstruction: Lessons for the Second", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "in Extension of the Voting Rights Act: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, 97th Cong., l Sess. (Washington: G.P.O., 1982), 2009-2022. Revised version published in Chandler Davidson, ed., Minority Vote Dilution (Washington, D. C.: Howard University Press, 1984), 27-46", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "1984", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Howard University Press", "pagerange": "27-46", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-161532369", "isbn": "0882581562", "book_title": "Minority Vote Dilution", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130913-161532369", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Chandler" } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bt50y-jpc02", "eprint_id": 41814, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:11:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Highest Stage of White Supremacy: The Origins of Segregation in South Africa and the American South [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1983 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: The Highest Stage of White Supremacy: The Origins of Segregation in South\nAfrica and the American South. By John W. Cell. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1982. ISBN: 9780521240963", "abstract": "In this provocative, well-written extended essay, based on unusually keen\nreflections on the major secondary literatures on race relations in South Africa\nand in the southern United States, rather than on an independent examination\nof primary documents, British Empire specialist John W. Cell takes issue with\nseveral recent interpretations, including that of George M., Fredrickson's\nWhite Supremacy (1981).\n\nRacial segregation in both countries, Cell argues,\nwas not primarily an outgrowth of their slave or frontier or agricultural histories.\nRather, their self-conscious, formalized systems of discriminatory\nracial separation crystallized relatively suddenly after 1890 in the United\nStates and after 1905 in South Africa; flourished in the \"modern\" urban and\nindustrial, rather than the \"traditional\" agrarian, sector of society; were\nimposed by political, not social or economic, means; represented responses to\npolitical or economic threats or potential threats by persons of color, rather\nthan mere legalizations of their already deprived socioeconomic status; and\nwere fostered largely by white moderates, not extremists.", "date": "1983-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "70", "number": "2", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "424-425", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112023531", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112023531", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1983", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eszy8-3ke79", "eprint_id": 41815, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:01:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Just Schools: The Idea of Racial Equality in American Education [Book review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1983 University of California Press.\nBook review of: Just Schools: The Idea of Racial Equality in American Education by\nDavid L. Kirp. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.\nISBN: 9780520045750\n\nPublished - kirp.pdf
", "abstract": "In a republic, a constitution, necessarily stated in general, universal\nterms, is supposed to protect the substantive and procedural rights of\nminorities against possible assaults by majorities. Yet local conditions\nvary, and in a federal system, where different levels of government overlap\nand interact, different local majorities of citizens, and judges who\nowe their appointments to local influence, will make varying decisions.", "date": "1983-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "The Public Historian", "volume": "5", "number": "3", "publisher": "University of California Santa Barbara", "pagerange": "119-122", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112348181", "issn": "0272-3433", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112348181", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.2307/3377041", "primary_object": { "basename": "kirp.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eszy8-3ke79/files/kirp.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1983", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/scgf1-3s997", "eprint_id": 41032, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:33:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:24:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } }, { "id": "Lichtman-A-J", "name": { "family": "Lichtman", "given": "Allan J." } } ] }, "title": "New Political History: Some Statistical Questions Answered", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Authors' Note: We wish to thank David Grether for giving this a close reading, and Jim Graham for many helpful editorial suggestions. We accept responsibility for all remaining errors.\n\nPublished - 1171191.pdf
", "abstract": "William G. Shade's ( 1981) \"New Political History: Some Statistical Questions Raised\" has two sometimes conflicting purposes: first, to remind historians to \"think statistically\" and to \"give more self-conscious attention to the details and logic of research design,\" and second, to defend such ethnocultural historians as Ronald P. Formisano and Paul Kleppner against published criticisms. Too often confusing the former with the latter aim, Shade attains neither. His article is further compromised by distortions of other scholars' work and neglect of relevant literature published since 1974.1 With Shade's two major prescriptions - plan research carefully and use genuinely multivariate methods-we have no quarrel. Often breached in practice, these familiar commandments can never be repeated too many times. To his lack of conceptual rigor, to his employment of a series of either meaningless or misleading \"tests,\" and to several of his methodological dicta, we do take exception-thus the necessity for this note.", "date": "1983", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Science History", "volume": "7", "number": "3", "publisher": "Social Science History Association", "pagerange": "321-344", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-111329306", "issn": "0145-5532", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-111329306", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "1171191.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/scgf1-3s997/files/1171191.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1983", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan and Lichtman, Allan J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ev9x0-rp246", "eprint_id": 41816, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:26:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Against the Grain: Southern Radicals and Prophets, 1929-1959 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Cambridge University Press.\nBook review of: Against the Grain: Southern Radicals and Prophets, 1929-1959 by Anthony P. Dunbar. Charlottesville, University Press of Virginia, 1981. ISBN: 9780813908922\n\nPublished - Against_the_Grain.pdf
", "abstract": "More than most Americans, white Southerners have been conscious of their\nhistory, and, much more than most, have tried, sometimes with open, sometimes\nwith covert self-consciousness, or even, perhaps, unconsciously, to refashion\nthat history into convenient, serviceable patterns. The dominant, familiar\nmyth has been conservative, its characters the cavalier planter, the happy slave,\nthe valiant and romantic Confederate cavalryman, the evil or just ignorant\nYankee Reconstructionist, the paternalistic New South industrialist, the cosmopolitan,\nforward-looking Progressive politician or newspaper editor. The\ncompeting, less well-known tradition, crafted initially by Yankees, but since the\n1920s, primarily by dissenting Southerners, black as well as white, serves\n\n\ndifferent purposes and has different stock characters, more villains than heroes:\nthe brutal slaveholder and postbellum bossman, the rebellious slave, the anti-aristocratic,\npopulistic, hill-country small farmer, the exploitative capitalist and\nhis brutal minions, the long-suffering but rebellious sharecropper or miner or\nlint-head, and the idealistic organizer who seeks to help in the liberation of the\nunderclass. This book, a series of narratives about some of these organizers by\nthe Southern Field Secretary for Amnesty International, Anthony Dunbar, falls\ninto the second tradition. It is an attempt to create a usable past for Southern\nradicals.", "date": "1982-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Business History Review", "volume": "56", "number": "4", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "pagerange": "608-609", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112535534", "issn": "0007-6805", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112535534", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Against_the_Grain.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ev9x0-rp246/files/Against_the_Grain.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8nptw-2q904", "eprint_id": 39524, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:26:29", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 06:02:27", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Are Expert Witnesses Whores? Reflections on Objectivity in Scholarship and Expert Witnessing", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published - HumsWP-0078.pdf
", "abstract": "Some have derided the claim that historians or others who serve as expert witnesses or otherwise engage in advocacy live up to the usual standards of scholarly objectivity. A comparison of the modes of scholarly and advocacy production, based on my experience as an expert witness in six minority voting rights cases, however, suggests that the two modes are not very different, and that there are no compelling reasons to expect different outputs from them. The scholarly process is less pure and the adversary system provides more safeguards in this example than many suppose. Selling one's soul is both inefficient and dangerous. The comparison, however, has adverse implications for Lee Benson's recent proposal for the establishment of a formally associated group of social scientists, which would be unlikely, in my view, either to \"change social science\" in a desirable direction or to \"change the world.\"", "date": "1982-12", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130723-113045866", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130723-113045866", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Humanities-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/8nptw-2q904", "primary_object": { "basename": "HumsWP-0078.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8nptw-2q904/files/HumsWP-0078.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cbhse-g3522", "eprint_id": 41007, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:17:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } }, { "id": "Cox-G-W", "name": { "family": "Cox", "given": "Gary W." } }, { "id": "Galenson-D-W", "name": { "family": "Galenson", "given": "David W." } } ] }, "title": "Log-Linear Analysis of Contingency Tables: An Introduction for Historians with an application to Thernstrom on the\n \"Floating Proletariat\"", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Heldref Publications.\n\nAn earlier version of this paper was presented at the Social\nScience History Association convention in 1981. We wish to\nthank this journal's anonymous reader and Stanley Engerman,\nDouglas Hibbs, Philip Hoffman, Colin Loftin, Douglas\nRivers, Stephan Thernstrom, Quang Vuong, Sally Ward, and\nespecially Robert McCaa for comments on various iterations\nof the piece. Kousser's research was partially supported by\ngrant RO-20225-82 from the National Endowment for the\nHumanities. We take responsibility for all remaining errors.", "abstract": "Suppose a researcher has information on several attributes\nof a collection of individuals and that the data\nhe has are available only in qualitative (synonyms are\ncategorical, discrete, polytomous, or ordinal- or nominal-\nlevel), as opposed to quantitative (continuous or\ninterval-level) form. For instance, imagine that his information is about yes or no votes, occupational classes,\nor age groups, but none is in the form of, say, the dollar\namounts of property held (not broken into categories)\nor the length of residence, in months or years, at a particular\nlocation. Then he might construct tables, such as\nTable 1, which show how many people have each set of\ntraits; for example, how many young, unskilled, childless\nmen in a sample were found in both the Boston\ncensus schedule in 1880 and the city directory in 1890.\nWhen there is very little information available, say, data\non only two or three variables, commonsensical\nmethods of analysis may suffice. But what should one\ndo when one is confronted by such monsters as the\neighty-celled \"four-way\" Table 1?", "date": "1982-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods", "volume": "15", "number": "4", "publisher": "Heldref Publications", "pagerange": "152-169", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150423569", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150423569", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Endowment for the Humanities", "grant_number": "RO-20225-82" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/01615440.1982.10594090", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan; Cox, Gary W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5fjdc-tkb21", "eprint_id": 41818, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:05:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "George C. Wallace and the Politics of Powerlessness: The Wallace Campaigns for the Presidency, 1964-1976 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: George C. Wallace and the Politics of\nPowerlessness: The Wallace Campaigns for the Presidency,\n1964-1976. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction\nBooks. 1981. ISBN: 9780878553440", "abstract": "Why did people vote for Wallace? Was his movement\nin any proper sense \"fascist\"? How was it\norganized? Did it have an ideology? Could some\nother demagogue rally his supporters again? Hunter\nCollege sociologist Jody Carlson answers these\nquestions through a re-analysis of survey data gathered\nby others, and of Wallace speeches and campaign\ndocuments, interviews with Wallace staffers,\nand a perusal of secondary literature and newspaper\nstories-nearly all of the latter from the New\nYork Times. Marred by a wooden writing style, a\nmechanistic organizing scheme, and extremely unsophisticated\nstatistical data analyses, Carlson's book\nis objective and often interesting and will be a\nconsiderable resource for future historians of the\n\"New Right.\"", "date": "1982-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Historical Review", "volume": "87", "number": "3", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "884", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112712678", "issn": "0002-8762", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112712678", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a0nrx-2p222", "eprint_id": 41033, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:56:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:24:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Restoring Politics to Political History", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1982 by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the editors of The Journal of\nInterdisciplinary History.\n\nReprinted in Robert I. Rotberg, ed., Politics and Political Change (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2001), 19-46.\n\nIn earlier guises, this article was presented in the Harvard Political Economy Lecture\nSeries and at the Social Science History Association meeting (1980). Tables 1 and 2 are\ndrawn from Kousser, \"Progressivism-for Middle-Class Whites Only,\" Journal of Southern\nHistory, XLVI (1980), 169-194. The author thanks those kind enough to comment on\nprevious versions for their assistance and Sanford Higginbotham of the Journal of Southern\nHistory for permission to use the tables.\n\nPublished - Restoring_Politics_to_Political_History.pdf
", "abstract": "If history\never was simply the study of past politics, it is no longer. Dissatisfied\nwith narratives of Great Men, more interested in analyzing\nthe impact of larger forces and in tracing out patterns of the\nlives of the masses of people, skeptical that a recounting of election\ncampaigns and a counting of votes reveals much about social\nthought or action, strongly affected by currents of opinion which\nhave long run deep in France, American historians have turned\nincreasingly to social history. Others, perhaps those more comfortable\nwith mathematics, have concentrated on economic history.\nEven most practitioners of the \"new political history\" have\nfocused chiefly on the effect of social forces on politics or have\nused votes as a measure of society's opinions. Political history is\nin danger of becoming a mere branch of social history.", "date": "1982-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "12", "number": "4", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "569-595", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-111548763", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-111548763", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Restoring_Politics_to_Political_History.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a0nrx-2p222/files/Restoring_Politics_to_Political_History.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/01jw0-sth87", "eprint_id": 15426, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:53:29", "lastmod": "2024-01-12 23:37:34", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } }, { "id": "Lichtman-A-J", "name": { "family": "Lichtman", "given": "Allan J." } } ] }, "title": "'New political history:' some statistical questions answered", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published - HumsWP-0072.pdf
", "abstract": "In the Spring, 1981, number of Social Science History, William\nG. Shade defended the \"ethnocultural\" historians' conclusions and\noffered some general methodological advice to political historians.\nExamining his five-part argument point by point, we find his analysis\nof the issues muddled, his \"tests\" of the robustness of the\nethnoculturalists' results misconceived and inconclusive, and his\nspecific prescriptions for future historians misleading. After\nattempting to clarify the arguments and propose some useful\nguidelines, we conclude that Shade's article underlines (once again)\nthe necessity for more intensive statistical training for social\nscientific historians.", "date": "1982-02", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090828-150058248", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090828-150058248", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Humanities-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/01jw0-sth87", "primary_object": { "basename": "HumsWP-0072.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/01jw0-sth87/files/HumsWP-0072.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan and Lichtman, Allan J." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f9zrp-9wm27", "eprint_id": 41819, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:53:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Race and Politics in North Carolina, 1872-1901: The Black Second [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Southern Historical Association.\n\nBook review of: Race and Politics in North Carolina, 1872-1901: The Black Second. By\nEric Anderson. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University\nPress, 1981. ISBN: 9780807106853", "abstract": "In The Origins of the New South and The Strange Career of Jim Crow\nC. Vann Woodward suggested that the years between Reconstruction and\nthe imposition of Jim Crow and disfranchisement laws around the turn of\nthe century harbored \"forgotten alternatives\" in politics and race relations.\nNo golden age, this was a paradoxical, transitional era in which\ncorruption, intimidation, and brutality coexisted with instances of interracial\ncooperation, black assertiveness, and white accommodation. In this\nrevised University of Chicago doctoral dissertation on the Second Congressional\nDistrict in North Carolina, the creation of an 1872 Democratic\ngerrymander aimed at concentrating the Republican vote so as to maximize\nthe number of safe Democratic seats in the national Congress, Eric\nAnderson primarily deepens, rather than revises notions of the era's politics.\nRecounting the prenomination and election campaigns for Congress\nover nearly three decades, as well as detailing local struggle for office in\nthe counties that made up the district, Anderson puts somewhat more\nstress than Woodward did on the power of black politicos and the success\nof their \"awkward yet viable\" partnership (p. x) with white Republicans,\nbut generally confirms Woodward's thesis. Well written and thoroughly\nresearched in newspapers and manuscript collections, usually careful in its judgments, offering as full pictures as we are likely to get of numerous\nlocal politicians of both races, Anderson's is a solid work which, along\nwith other scholarly investigations, should help to bury the outmoded\nnotions that a \"solid South,\" a white Republican betrayal of blacks, and\nNegro passivity immediately succeeded Hayes's election.", "date": "1982-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Southern History", "volume": "48", "number": "1", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "pagerange": "123-125", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112849527", "issn": "2325-6893", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-112849527", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qy9t4-kbm91", "eprint_id": 41152, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:39:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:29:36", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } }, { "id": "McPherson-J-M", "name": { "family": "McPherson", "given": "James M." } } ] }, "title": "C. Vann Woodward: An Assessment of His Work and Influence", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Oxford University Press.", "abstract": "C. Vann Woodward was born in 1908 in the Arkansas hamlet of\nVanndale and grew up in. Morrilton, a small town on the\nArkansas River fifty miles above Little Rock. His family was\nrooted several generations deep in Southern soil; his father was\na public-school administrator and later a college dean; during his\nhigh-school and college years Woodward knew Rupert Vance,\nHoward Odum, and Will Alexander, intellectuals and liberals\nwho were trying to push the South in the direction of greater\ncosmopolitanism and racial tolerance. From these associations\nWoodward absorbed influences that were to help shape the course\nand concerns of his career.", "date": "1982", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "place_of_pub": "New York", "pagerange": "xii-xxxvii", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130906-153023179", "isbn": "9780195030754", "book_title": "Region, Race, and Reconstruction: Essays in Honor of C. Vann Woodward", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130906-153023179", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Woodward-C-V", "name": { "family": "Woodward", "given": "C. Vann" } }, { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } }, { "id": "McPherson-J-M", "name": { "family": "McPherson", "given": "James M." } } ] }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan and McPherson, James M." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dwxzs-yew96", "eprint_id": 41035, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:28:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:24:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cox-G-W", "name": { "family": "Cox", "given": "Gary W." } }, { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Turnout and Rural Corruption: New York as a Test Case", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1981 by the University of Texas Press.\n\nManuscript submitted 22 May 1980;\nFinal manuscript received 30 January 1981.\n\nWe wish to thank Professor Richard L. McCormick of Rutgers for guiding us to sources\nand for his closely reasoned critique of an earlier draft of this paper. Since we have not always\naccepted his suggestions, he should not be held responsible for any or our conclusions.", "abstract": "In 1974 Philip Converse and Jerrold Rusk offered an institutional, and Walter Dean Burnham, a behavioral explanation of the decline in voter turnout in the northern United States around the turn of the century. An examination of turnout figures for New York State from 1870 to 1916 demonstrates that election statistics lend some support to both explanations, and that the elections around 1890 provide the strongest evidence in favor of the Converse-Rusk hypothesis. A systematic analysis of election-related stories in contemporary newspapers allows a test of Converse's assertion that the introduction of the secret ballot decreased reported turnout by damping down what he alleges was widespread rural corruption. Concluding that neither previous theory stands up well when confronted with the detailed voting figures and newspaper evidence, we propose an alternative explanation which melds the institutional and behavioral hypotheses.", "date": "1981-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Journal of Political Science", "volume": "25", "number": "4", "publisher": "Midwest Political Science Association", "pagerange": "646-663", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-112115115", "issn": "0092-5853", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-112115115", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.2307/2110757", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Cox, Gary W. and Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nxbws-y2a55", "eprint_id": 41034, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:21:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:24:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "History as Past Sociology in the Work of Samuel P. Hays: A Review Essay", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1981 Heldref Publications.", "abstract": "This tastefully produced collection of sixteen essays,\nnearly all published previously, but in widely disparate\njournals, plus a long autobiographical introduction and a\nbrief epilogue, affords an opportunity for evaluating the\nfirst two decades of Samuel P. Hays's contributions to\nAmerican political and social history. Historians excel in\ndifferent genres. Some are most proficient in the research\nmonograph, some in the popular book or article, some on\nthe editorial chair, some on the lecture platform, some,\nwhose talents remain largely hidden from the professional\ncommunity, in the small class or tutorial. Hays's m\u00e9tier is\nthe provocative, speculative essay. And while it might be\nfeared that this form of scholarly communication would\ndate more quickly than others, in the case of Hays, at\nleast, the essays remain fresh. Indeed, their grouping here\nencourages the reader to make connections between arguments and to realize the larger significance of points he\nmay have missed or bypassed when he first perused the\npapers under separate covers. It is a book to muse over,\nscribble on, steal ideas from, rave at-in short, a book\ndesigned to stimulate thought.", "date": "1981-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Historical Methods", "volume": "14", "number": "4", "publisher": "Heldref Publications", "pagerange": "181-186", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-111814825", "issn": "0161-5440", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-111814825", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/01615440.1981.10594071", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/58gar-we138", "eprint_id": 15031, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:11:27", "lastmod": "2024-01-12 23:37:06", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The undermining of the first reconstruction : lessons for the second", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Written Testimony of Dr. J. Morgan Kousser, Professor of History and Social Science, California Institute of Technology, Prepared for Hearing on Renewal of the Voting Rights Act Before The Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the House Judiciary Committee, June 24, 1981\n\nPublished - HumsWP-0064.pdf
", "abstract": "As Congress considers whether to renew, amend, or scuttle the Voting Rights Act, what relevant lessons can we draw from the historical record of the First (nineteenth century) Reconstruction and its undermining? The federal voting rights machinery, more sophisticated and stringent than is usually believed, represented an attempt, parallel to the VRA, to protect citizens' political rights. It was finally outflanked, as the VRA may be. The promises of southern leaders in the l870s, convincing to some credulous Yankees of the period, are also echoed in the debate a century later. There were four stages in the nineteenth and early twentieth century attack on black voting rights: the Klan stage, the dilution stage, the disfranchisement stage, and the lily-white stage. Concentrating on the second and fourth of these, which are less well known than the other two, I detail sixteen mechanisms of nineteenth\ncentury southern vote dilution (most of which are still in use) and attempt to counter the argument that the so-called \"Progressive Era\" in the South was a \"race-proof\" period and that therefore any election schemes adopted at that time could not have been intended to disadvantage blacks. Finally, I draw parallels between Supreme Court decisions around the turn of the century and the recent decisions which climaxed with ~ v. Bolden. The possibility that the Supreme Court may again emasculate federal protection of black voting rights should give pause to any Congressperson who believes that he or she can safely let the VRA lapse because the courts can be relied upon to secure these rights.", "date": "1981-06", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090814-110251466", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090814-110251466", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Humanities-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/58gar-we138", "primary_object": { "basename": "HumsWP-0064.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/58gar-we138/files/HumsWP-0064.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/efzcn-jkp29", "eprint_id": 15010, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:04:18", "lastmod": "2024-01-12 23:36:58", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Idealism and materialism in antebellum southern political history : a review essay", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Paper presented at Organization of American Historians Convention, April 2, 1981\n\nPublished - HumsWP-0060.pdf
", "abstract": "Although the mainstream \"new political historians\" have largely ignored the South, historians of the antebellum South have produced some of the most interesting recent works in political history. These scholars fall into two groups: one finds a white consensus, emphasizes ideology, and concentrates on evidence from \"literary\" sources; the other discovers evidence of conflict, stresses the material basis of political alignments, and combines quantitative with traditional evidence. In a brief review of books by Channing and Johnson, I point out that by concentrating on the immediate pre-war years, the authors cannot answer even the questions they themselves pose. Cooper's 1978 ideological interpretation finesses the question of the connection between opinions on slavery and Unionism and fails to explain why the southerners' responses to the crises of 1850 and 1860 were so different. \n\nThe central work of the last two decades, Thornton's, presents the bold and complex thesis that the South was born libertarian and avoids many of the problems of the other works reviewed. His treatment of politics-as largely symbolic-expressive, rather than rational instrumental, and his lack of statistical sophistication, however, invite criticism. \n\nThe most valuable facet of these works for American political history generally is that they restore politicians, policy, and political thought -- topics often shunted aside by the social history approach of the past generation -- to the study of politics.", "date": "1981-04", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090813-112339124", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090813-112339124", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Humanities-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/efzcn-jkp29", "primary_object": { "basename": "HumsWP-0060.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/efzcn-jkp29/files/HumsWP-0060.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nxa4k-r2383", "eprint_id": 15008, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:59:48", "lastmod": "2024-01-12 23:36:56", "type": "monograph", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "History as past sociology : a review essay", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Samuel P. Hays, American Political History as Social Ana1ysis.\nKnoxville, Tennessee: The University of Tennessee Press, 1980.\n\nPublished - HumsWP-0059.pdf
", "date": "1981-03", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090813-103017382", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090813-103017382", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Humanities-Working-Papers" } ] }, "doi": "10.7907/nxa4k-r2383", "primary_object": { "basename": "HumsWP-0059.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nxa4k-r2383/files/HumsWP-0059.pdf" }, "resource_type": "monograph", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9wpne-6yz08", "eprint_id": 41821, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:00:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Key Changes [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Copyright \u00a9 1981 by The Johns Hopkins University Press.\n\nBook Review of: Realignment in American Politics: Toward a Theory / Bruce A. Campbell and Richard J. Trilling, eds. University of Texas Press: 1980. ISBN: 9780292739970.\n\nPublished - 372593.pdf
", "abstract": "The notion that electoral history may be divided into long periods of stability broken periodically by major shocks has been the central organizing motif of American political history for a generation. Drawing on the simple empirical observation that the balance of electoral support for the major American political parties across geographic units remained roughly the same for a sequence of contests, and then shifted rather suddenly into a new and lasting pattern, V. 0. Key, Jr., Lee Benson, Walter Dean Burnham, and others sought to do more than provide descriptive tags for conventional historical \"eras.\" They attempted, by relating political to social cleavages, to explain why voters' decisions stood for so long (for instance, in Benson's \"ethnocultural thesis\"), and to show how wars, depressions, institutional changes, or intraparty struggles undermined these stable voting configurations (for instance, in Paul Kleppner's view that a common revulsion to the Democrats' failure to avoid economic depression combined with a differentiated voter response to Bryan's fundamentalist Protestant zeal shifted the social correlates of politics in the 1890s). Realizing that since it was based on aggregate election data, their hypothesis of stability and change was susceptible to the \"ecological fallacy\" of inferring individual behavior from measures available only for collectivities, the critical elections theorists tried, in effect, to supplement aggregate returns for the past with evidence of the long-term stability of party identification drawn from recent surveys. Focusing attention more closely on certain crucial variables and contests, encouraging political scientists to escape their parochial habit of presentmindedness and historians to overcome their predilection for concentrating too much on details and too little on basic patterns, the concept of normal elections broken by swift realignments has been beneficial to both disciplines.", "date": "1981-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Reviews in American History", "volume": "9", "number": "1", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Press", "pagerange": "23-28", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-113554989", "issn": "0048-7511", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-113554989", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "372593.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9wpne-6yz08/files/372593.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m0svv-vbx49", "eprint_id": 41820, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:42:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Retreat From Reconstruction, 1869-1879 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Book review of: Retreat From Reconstruction, 1869-1879. By William Gillette. Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1979.", "abstract": "A do7cn years of thorough research into manuscripts and newspapers, a clear and colorful, sometimes brilliant (if not always careful) writing style, and a message in tune with the current pessimistic popular dogma that government is, by its nature, incapable of solving important societal problems guarantees this book a large and respectful scholarly audience. Charging that historians who have sought to revise William A. Dunning's harsh racist portrait of Reconstruction have exaggerated the era's idealism and its accomplishments partly because they concentrated too much on the 1860s, Gillette details what he terms a \"postrevisionist\" picture by focusing on the 1870s. Confident he can gauge the most subtle shifts in public opinion and the most complex election outcomes without any statistical analysis of election returns and, of course, without any public opinion polls; zealously, without a trace of a misgiving, judging the morals and tactics of every important politician and group of politicians; continually contradicting the accounts of other historians without directly confronting their arguments or data; satisfied to array only what he asserts is \"a representative selection\" (p. 441) of his evidence to buttress his points, Gillette has written a book which is at once methodologically and substantively deeply conservative.", "date": "1981", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Register of the Kentucky Historical Society", "volume": "79", "number": "2", "publisher": "Kentucky Historical Society", "pagerange": "191-194", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-113341987", "issn": "0023-0243", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-113341987", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "gillette.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m0svv-vbx49/files/gillette.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bawmv-ym553", "eprint_id": 41008, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:20:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "History QUASSHed: Quantitative Social Scientific History\n in Perspective", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1980 Sage Publications, Inc.", "abstract": "History is different from the other social sciences. Nine contrasting\nqualities have produced a striking variation between the course of\ndevelopment of quantitative methods in history and that in the rest of\nthe social scientific disciplines. First, historians have framed less compelling\nresearch agendas, and feel less constrained by the ones which\nhave been proposed, than do professionals in other fields. Historians\nborrow, rather than invent theories, prize diversity of insight more than\ncoherence; paradoxically, more are attracted by interpretations which\nclaim to overturn or replace older ones entirely, rather than those which\nstress their continuity with previous structures of understanding. If\nhistorians are often classified as belonging to one \"school\" or another,\nthe underlying educational philosophy is decidedly progressive, the\nassignments only roughly structured, the discipline very loose.", "date": "1980-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Behavioral Scientist", "volume": "23", "number": "6", "publisher": "Sage Publications", "pagerange": "855-904", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150552099", "issn": "1552-3381", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150552099", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1177/000276428002300607", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y0y5m-81c54", "eprint_id": 41096, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:13:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:27:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Progressivism -- For Middle-Class Whites Only: North Carolina Education, 1880-1910", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1980 Southern Historical Association.\n\nFormerly SSWP 177.", "abstract": "\"The problem that the South now presents,\" asserted\nWalter Hines Page in an Atlantic Monthly article in 1902, \"has at\nlast become so plain that thoughtful men no longer differ about it.\nIt is no longer obscured by race differences nor by political differences.\nIt is simply the training of the untrained masses.\" Education,\nPage was sure, would build a new \"democratic order of society\"\nin the South, would, as he had asserted in a famous 1897\nspeech, \"develop the forgotten man .... The neglected people\nwill rise,\" he went on, \"and with them will rise all the people.\"", "date": "1980-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Southern History", "volume": "46", "number": "2", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "pagerange": "169-194", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-085322374", "issn": "2325-6893", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-085322374", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.2307/2208357", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k44zp-55663", "eprint_id": 41097, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:01:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:27:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Separate but not Equal: The Supreme Court's First Decision on Racial Discrimination in Schools", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1980 Southern Historical Association.\n\nReprinted in Kermit L. Hall, Civil Rights in American History (Garland Pub. Co., 1989); in Paul Finkelman, Race, Law, and American History, 1700-1900 (Hamden, CT: Garland, 1992).\n\nPublished - Separate_but_not_Equal.pdf
", "abstract": "In 1899, three years after the \"separate but equal\" decision of Plessy v. Ferguson, the U. S. Supreme Court for the first\ntime confronted the problem of racial discrimination in education.\nWriting for a unanimous court, Justice John Marshall Harlan,\nwhose recently refurbished reputation rests chiefly on his liberal\nopinions in Negro rights cases, decided in effect that the judiciary\nwould do no more to guarantee equality in public services than it\nhad to stop legalized segregation. \" ... the education of the people\nin schools maintained by state taxation is a matter belonging to the\nrespective States,\" the justice, who was rarely a protector of states'\nrights, concluded, \"and any interference on the part of Federal\nauthority with the management of such schools cannot be justified\nexcept in the case of a clear and unmistakable disregard of rights\nsecured by the supreme law of the land. We have here no such case\nto be determined \u2026. \" Attracting even less attention at the time\nthan Plessy did, the case of Joseph W. Cumming, James S. Harper,\nand John C. Ladeveze v. School Board of Richmond County, Ga.\nhas never received the attention Plessy gained in the wake of the\noutlawing of segregation in the 1954 Brown decision.", "date": "1980-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Southern History", "volume": "46", "number": "1", "publisher": "Southern Historical Association", "pagerange": "17-44", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-085617052", "issn": "2325-6893", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-085617052", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Separate_but_not_Equal.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k44zp-55663/files/Separate_but_not_Equal.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bj04v-mwd15", "eprint_id": 41095, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:53:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:45:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Making Separate Equal: Integration of Black and White School Funds in Kentucky", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1980 MIT Press.\n\nPublished - Making_Separate_Equal.pdf
", "abstract": "On August\n6, 1882, Kentucky voters approved by a 54-46 margin a referendum\nproposal to increase school property taxes for whites by\n10 percent in order to triple state-level educational expenditures\nfor black children. Passage of the measure equalizing state spending,\nwhich accounted for about 64 percent of the total amount\nallocated to public primary and secondary schools in Kentucky in\nthe 1880s, was, according to state school superintendent Joshua\nDesha Pickett, \"the most remarkable fact in the school history of\nKentucky.\"", "date": "1980", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "10", "number": "3", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "399-428", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-084953566", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-084953566", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Making_Separate_Equal.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bj04v-mwd15/files/Making_Separate_Equal.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/10x48-ctc69", "eprint_id": 41009, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:53:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:50", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Quantitative Social-Scientific History", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Cornell Univ. Press.\n\nPublished - Quantitative_Social-Scientific_History.pdf
", "abstract": "Quantitative social science launched its invasion of American\nhistory during the years 1957 to 1961. In 1957, Lee Benson,\na historian schooled in sociology, published a sweeping critique\nof \"impressionistic\" treatments of nineteenth-century\nAmerican elections and called on historians to expand their definition\nof primary sources beyond newspapers and manuscripts to include\nquantifiable data. Four years later Benson added practice to preachment,\nrelying heavily on a quantitative analysis of election returns to\nproduce a brilliant and original interpretation of American politics in\nthe 1830s and '40s. In a paper delivered in 1957, two Harvard\neconomists, Alfred H. Conrad and John R. Meyer, reinvigorated the\ndiscussion of an old historical problem and initiated the new\n\"econometric history\" by demonstrating the profitability both of slavery\nand of applying modern economic theory and techniques to history.\nBy 1960, the \"cliometricians,\" as they were jibingly labeled, were\nholding annual conferences at Purdue to coordinate research efforts\nand criticize each other's papers. A year before, the historian Merle\nCurti, assisted by several other historians and his psychologist wife,\nMargaret, published a quantitative historical study of community social\nstructure and mobility, which, along with the work of Stephan\nThernstrom, inspired legions of students to take up the \"new social\nhistory.\"", "date": "1980", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Cornell Univ. Press", "place_of_pub": "Ithaca, NY", "pagerange": "433-456", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150854233", "isbn": "9780801412240", "book_title": "The past before us: contemporary historical writing in the United States", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-150854233", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Franklin-J-H", "name": { "family": "Franklin", "given": "John Hope" } }, { "id": "Kammen-M", "name": { "family": "Kammen", "given": "Michael" } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "Quantitative_Social-Scientific_History.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/10x48-ctc69/files/Quantitative_Social-Scientific_History.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1980", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jv5vp-tw581", "eprint_id": 41823, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:48:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Social Origins of the New South: Alabama, 1860-1885 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1979 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: Social Origins of the New South: Alabama, 1860-1885 by Jonathan M. Wiener. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State\nUniversity Press, 1978. ISBN: 9780807103975", "abstract": "In this broad, ambitious, and important book, Jonathan\nM. Wiener argues that the black belt planter\nelite reconstructed its hegemonic class position after\nthe Civil War by shepherding its wealth despite the\ndeath and destruction of war, forcing black labor\ninto a new oppressed state, employing political\npower to beat back a challenge by crossroads merchants,\nforming an opportunistic alliance with Yankee\nfinanciers to prevent the rise of an industrialist\nclass in Birmingham until that potential Southern\nbourgeoisie in effect agreed to subject itself to\nplanter domination, and spawning a \"nonbourgeois\nagrarian ideology\" (p. 187) to justify planter rule.\nThus, the South was condemned, in the term of\nWiener's thesis director, Barrington Moore, Jr., to\nfollow \"the Prussian Road\" to modernization. Interesting\nand well-written, the book is a forceful\nstatement of an original and coherent thesis. Yet I\nfound it unconvincing at certain crucial points.", "date": "1979-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Historical Review", "volume": "84", "number": "5", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "1483-1483", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-114102368", "issn": "0002-8762", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-114102368", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8js1j-7rd87", "eprint_id": 41822, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:48:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Third Electoral System, 1853-1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1979 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: The Third Electoral System, 1853-1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures by Paul Kleppner. \nChapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1979. ISBN: 9780807813287", "abstract": "Extending his 1970 Cross of Culture back in time to the 1870s and 1880s and in space to the Middle Atlantic and New England states, supplementing data from homogeneous areas with more sophisticated techniques of linear regression and correlation analysis, treating the connections between religious beliefs and social actions subtly and in great depth, Paul Kleppner has produced perhaps the most impressive work of what he insists should not be called \"the ethnocultural school.\" Apparently reacting to charges that what he prefers to term \"the voting behavior studies\" have ignored class factors, reflected their authors' supposed political conservatism, and represented a consensus version of American history, Kleppner has included headnotes from Marx, Engels, and Mao and a chapter on the Greenback and Populist parties, and painted party contests not as sham patronage battles involving unimportant issues, but as mirrors of \"an irreconcilable conflict over the very nature of society.\" If his graceless prose style will repel many readers, his combination of \"letristic\" with quantitative evidence and his focus on ideology will attract traditional historians alienated by the exclusive stress on statistics and behavior that has sometimes characterized works of quantitative history. Indeed, the book strikes me as altogether too traditional, as insufficiently social-scientific.", "date": "1979-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "66", "number": "3", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "670-671", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-113743334", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-113743334", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/heake-k8y79", "eprint_id": 41824, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:27:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "History - Theory = ? [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1979 The Johns Hopkins University Press.\n\nBook review of: Joel H. Silbey, Allan G. Bogue, and William H. Flanigan, eds. The History of American Electoral Behavior. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1978. xv + 384 pp. ISBN: 9780691075907", "abstract": "Despite the fact that it emerged at roughly the same time as the \"new economic history,\" the so-called \"new political history\" has, it seems to me at least, generated significantly fewer fresh, stimulating interpretations of American history than its cliometric sibling. That we political historians have produced no counterpart to, for example, Time on the Cross is due less to our lack of press agentry and desire to shock the bourgeois (on which Fogel and Engerman have no monopoly) than to differences in the character of the social science disciplines on which the new economic and political historians have drawn. Most economic historians have been trained in departments of economics, and have consequently been force-fed that rich blend of rigorous deductive microtheory and sophisticated statistics which distinguishes economics from all the other social sciences. Most political historians, on the other hand, have taken their Ph.D.s in history departments and absorbed political science, sociology, or social psychology as side dishes. More important, these side orders contain considerably less of the micro- theory/statistics spice than economics does. What has distinguished the final products of the cliometric twins is less the economic historians' familiarity with high-powered econometrics (the gap between the two offspring in this respect seems to be closing) than the disjunction between statistics and theory in political history, indeed, the gross underdevelopment of historical (or much other) political theory at all. The work under review, the product of a June 1973 Cornell conference sponsored by the Mathematical Social Science Board, unfortunately illustrates, rather than over- comes, these deficiencies in political history.", "date": "1979-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Reviews in American History", "volume": "7", "number": "2", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Press", "pagerange": "157-162", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-114250525", "issn": "0048-7511", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-114250525", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m7q60-pkk82", "eprint_id": 41189, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:50:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:31:12", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Disfranchisement", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Louisiana State University Press, c1979.\n\nAccepted Version - disfranchise.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "1979", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Louisiana State University Press", "place_of_pub": "Baton Rouge, LA", "pagerange": "362-363", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-135359455", "isbn": "0807105759", "book_title": "Encyclopedia of Southern History", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-135359455", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Roller-D-C", "name": { "family": "Roller", "given": "David C." } }, { "id": "Twyman-R-W", "name": { "family": "Twyman", "given": "Robert W." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "disfranchise.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m7q60-pkk82/files/disfranchise.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/znv5a-s4070", "eprint_id": 41190, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:50:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:31:14", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Grandfather Clause", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Accepted Version - grandfatherclause.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "1979", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Louisiana State University Press", "place_of_pub": "Baton Rouge, LA", "pagerange": "552-553", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-135609499", "isbn": "0807105759", "book_title": "Encyclopedia of Southern History", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-135609499", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Roller-D-C", "name": { "family": "Roller", "given": "David C." } }, { "id": "Twyman-R-W", "name": { "family": "Twyman", "given": "Robert W." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "grandfatherclause.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/znv5a-s4070/files/grandfatherclause.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hn24x-q3437", "eprint_id": 41830, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:50:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:49:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Enduring South: Subcultural Persistence in Mass Society [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Book review of: The Enduring South: Subcultural Persistence in Mass Society. By John Shelton Reed. University of North Carolina Press, 1974. ISBN: 9780669810837\n\nPublished - 372591.pdf
", "abstract": "Henceforth please disregard those glossy New Yorker ads touting Atlanta's cosmopolitanism, Nashville's culture, Dallas's night life. According to this reanalysis of 1938-1968 survey data from Gallup and the National Opinion Research Center (first published in 1972 and now issued in paperback), the South is still as particularistic, pistol-happy, and puritanical as ever. After ingeniously employing surveys to demarcate the South from the rest of the U.S., sociologist John Shelton Reed compares opinion in the two regions on three broad topics: regional loyalties and kinship ties, violence, and religion. Interstate highways, condominiums, and New York-produced TV programs have apparently had little impact on Southern localism. Corporal punishment and permit-free gun ownership still command considerably more support to the south than to the north of the \"Smith and Wesson line.\" Fundamentalist Protestantism, with its corollaries of prohibitionism and antipathy to Catholics, Jews, and atheists remains much more pervasive in Dixie than outside it. Nor are these contrasts much reduced when statistically controlled for the survey respondents' education, urbanization, and occupations. Southern values, according to Reed, are more than products of the region's obvious demographic traits; there really is something different about the South.", "date": "1979", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Red River Valley Historical Review", "volume": "4", "number": "2", "publisher": "Red River Valley Historical Association", "pagerange": "98-99", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-140926050", "issn": "0362-6415", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-140926050", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "372591.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hn24x-q3437/files/372591.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2d5sz-s9e25", "eprint_id": 41191, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:50:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:31:16", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Williams v. Mississippi", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Louisiana State University Press, c1979.\n\nAccepted Version - williams.pdf
", "abstract": "n/a", "date": "1979", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Louisiana State University Press", "place_of_pub": "Baton Rouge, LA", "pagerange": "1345-1346", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-135734093", "isbn": "0807105759", "book_title": "Encyclopedia of Southern History", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130909-135734093", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Roller-D-C", "name": { "family": "Roller", "given": "David C." } }, { "id": "Twyman-R-W", "name": { "family": "Twyman", "given": "Robert W." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "williams.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2d5sz-s9e25/files/williams.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/baaya-6yb11", "eprint_id": 41825, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:45:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence Since 1945 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1978 Oxford University Press.\n\nBook review of: The Transformation of Southern Politics: Social Change and Political Consequence since 1945 by Jack Bass; Walter Devries. New York: New American Library.\n1977. Pp. xi, 531. ISBN: 9780465086955", "abstract": "Updating V. O. Key's Southern Politics (1949) has\nbecome a cottage industry. How good is the latest\nproduct and how does it compare with the original\nmasterwork? Based largely on interviews with\nprominent southern politicos, knowledgeable\nnewspaper reporters, and a scattering of activists\nand political technicians, the Jack Bass-Walter\nDeVries volume is sprightly and readable high\njournalism. Laced with classic anecdotes, it will\nintoxicate amateur politicians and aficionados of\nthe regional pastime, flavor undergraduate reading\nlists, and add zest to lectures on twentieth\ncentury politics. Nonetheless, however craftsman-like\nthe sketching of details, analytical scholars\nwill find the canvas as a whole inferior to the\noriginal.", "date": "1978-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Historical Review", "volume": "83", "number": "5", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "1368-1369", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-114453224", "issn": "0002-8762", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-114453224", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1978", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3ns26-p7m80", "eprint_id": 41826, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:35:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Toward a Patriarchal Republic: The Secession of Georgia [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1978 The MIT Press.\nBook review of: Toward a Patriarchal Republic: The Secession of Georgia by Michael P. Johnson. Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1977.\nISBN: 9780807102701\n\nPublished - johnson.pdf
", "abstract": "This is a dangerous time for quantitative history. On the one hand,\nsophisticated computer software packages and cookbook statistics texts\nare widely available, easy to use, and relatively cheap. On the other\nhand, the low level of statistical expertise of most historians and shallowness\nof methodological training in even the best graduate history\ndepartments guarantees that there will be no stringent controls on the\nquality of data analysis. Scholars who arc deft in their interpretation of\n\"literary\" documents and unmoved by logical legerdemain performed on \"impressionistic\" materials too easily cast aside their skepticism and\ncommon sense when confronted with a mass of numbers. This mixture\nof powerful yet easily accessible techniques, an elementary level of\ntraining, and a statistically semiliterate audience is a recipe for toxic\n\"social scientific\" history.", "date": "1978-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "9", "number": "2", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "374-376", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-114656102", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-114656102", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "johnson.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3ns26-p7m80/files/johnson.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1978", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nnvkx-9ms40", "eprint_id": 41827, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:59:11", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:48:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Radical Protest and Social Structure: The Southern Farmers' Alliance and Cotton Tenancy, 1880-1890 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1977 Oxford University Press.\n\nBook review of: Radical Protest and Social Structure: The Southern Farmers' Alliance and Cotton Tenancy, 1880-1890. By Michael Schwartz. New York: Academic, 1976. ISBN: 9780126328509", "abstract": "Sociologist Michael Schwartz's well-written monograph is an uneasy\ncombination of New Left social theory and a sketch of the history of the\nSouthern Farmers~ Alliance from 1886 to roughly 1889. Less satisfactory\nas history than Robert C. McMath, Jr.'s Populist Vanguard or\nLawrence Goodwyn's Democratic Promise (neither of which Schwartz\nwas aware of when his book went to press), Schwartz's study offers a\nwholly economic explanation of the origin of the Alliance, and an indictment\nof its leadership as oligarchs whose class and personal interests\ncontradicted those of the membership and caused the failure of the\norganization.", "date": "1977-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "64", "number": "3", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "811-812", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-140332383", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-140332383", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1977", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gfpy7-54q79", "eprint_id": 41010, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:29:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Agenda for \"Social Science History\"", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1977 Social Science History Association.\n\nThis paper was first given to a panel on \"Priorities in American Behavioral History\" at the SSHA meeting in Madison, Wisconsin, April 23-24, 1976. I have retained its rhetorical and slightly hyperbolic character deliberately in order to\nprovoke controversy.", "abstract": "I want to take as my texts today statements made to me in correspondence\nand conversation by two senior quantitative historians. Each\nstatement illustrates what I believe to be misjudgments about the\nproper methodological priorities for quantitative historians in America\ntoday. To spare these historians from publicity which their casual statements\nwere not intended to invite, but mostly to protect myself against\nreprisal, I shall not name them here.", "date": "1977-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Social Science History", "volume": "1", "number": "3", "publisher": "Social Science History Association", "pagerange": "383-391", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-151044727", "issn": "0145-5532", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-151044727", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1977", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ckm7p-4ey41", "eprint_id": 41828, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:27:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:49:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Southern Politics and the Second Reconstruction [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1977 Oxford University Press.\n\nBook review of: Southern Politics and the Second Reconstruction by Numan V. Bartley; Hugh D. Graham.\n\nBaltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975.\nISBN: 9780801816673", "abstract": "Why have not urbanization, industrialization, and\nthe removal of the institutions which V. O. Key\nsaw inhibiting an organized system of electoral\ncompetition-disfranchisement, malapportionment,\none-partyism, and Jim Crow-produced a\nNew (Dealish) South? Numan V. Bartley and\nHugh D. Graham approach this question through\nshort, sprightly, and incisive narratives of every\nsignificant statewide election campaign in the\nSouth from 1945 to 1972, as well as analyses of\nelection statistics that fill 36 tables and 46 figures of\nthis 200-page work. They conclude that though a\npolitics of economic self-interest would produce a\nbiracial lower-class (\"populist\") coalition against\nthe more affluent whites, this class division of the\nelectorate has more often given way in recent\nSouthern politics to an upper-class white/black\nalignment against rural and lower-class white racists, or, even more darkly, to a \"Bourbon\" pattern\nin which blacks had no white allies. (Such \"New\nSouth moderates\" as Jimmy Carter do not fit their\nbinary scheme very neatly.)", "date": "1977-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "American Historical Review", "volume": "82", "number": "1", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "217-217", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-140553109", "issn": "0002-8762", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-140553109", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1977", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/baern-jsg34", "eprint_id": 41829, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:20:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:49:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Democratic Party and The Negro: Northern and National Politics, 1868-92 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Book review of: The Democratic Party and The Negro: Northern and National Politics, 1868-92, By Lawrence Grossman. University of Illinois Press, 1976. ISBN: 9780252005756\n\nPublished - 372778.pdf
Other - grossman.pdf
", "abstract": "During the 1868 campaign the Democrats tallied but 6 1/2 votes in 21 national convention ballots for the only candidate for their Presidential nomination who favored acceptance of Negro suffrage, framed a platform repudiating all steps taken to reconstruct the South as \"unconstitutional, revolutionary, and void,\" and nominated for Vice-President a candidate who favored colonization of all U.S. Negroes and accused the Radical Republicans of promising White women in return for Black votes. Twenty-four years later in the national campaign of 1892 a leading Northern Democratic newspaper accused the GOP of desiring to revive \"the horrors of negro domination\" in the South, the national platform laid heavy stress on Democratic opposition to a congressional bill which sought to make universal male suffrage effective, and the party's Vice-Presidential regaled audiences with barely-cloaked racist appeals for votes for the Democracy. Between these two elections ,however, the Democrats adopted, according to Lawrence Grossman, both a \"new\" and a \"newer departure\" in an attempt to win Northern Negro votes and assure White Northern racial liberals that a Democratic victory would not mean total subjugation of the Blacks, while at the same time allowing Southern Democrats the right to repress Blacks in their states without federal intervention. Grossman's chief contribution is to detail the development of this subtle strategy better than any previous work.", "date": "1977", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Ethnic Studies", "volume": "4", "publisher": "Western Washington State College", "pagerange": "114-117", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-140747330", "issn": "0091-3219", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-140747330", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "372778.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/baern-jsg34/files/372778.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "grossman.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/baern-jsg34/files/grossman.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1977", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gxfh3-t3c52", "eprint_id": 41831, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:09:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:49:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Public Image of Big Business in America, 1880-1940: A Quantitative Study in Social Change [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1976 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: The Public Image of Big Business in America, 1880-1940: A Quantitative\nStudy in Social Change. By Louis Galambos and Barbara Barrow Spence.\nBaltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975.\nISBN: 9780801816352", "abstract": "How and why have American middle-class attitudes toward big business\nvaried since the rise of the large corporation? Louis Galambos seeks to go\nbeyond previous impressionistic answers to this question by making a systematic,\nquantitative analysis of the content of issues selected from sixty years\nof eleven special interest magazines. These magazines catered to four occupational\ngroups-farmers, trade unionists, Congregational clergymen, and\nengineers-which he takes to be representative of the \"middle cultures.\"\nLargely neutral toward the \"trusts\" in the 1880s, farmers, laborers, and\nclergymen, according to Galambos, blamed giant industry for their economic\ndifficulties and status decline in the 1890s and politely applauded TR's symbolic\ntrustbusting. The engineers were largely economically comfortable,\napolitical technocrats throughout the sixty-year period. Increasingly influenced\nby the conservative views of such organizations as the Farm Bureau and\nAFL, the middle-class gradually but steadily substituted the bureaucratic for\nthe individualistic ideal. After World War I, businesses appeared in these\nmagazines not as \"octupuses\" or \"monsters,\" but as \"firms\" or \"corporations.\"\nMass unemployment, FDR's attacks on \"economic royalists,\" leftist\norganizing, and the TNEC investigations failed to rekindle any anti-capitalist\nblaze in a middle-class mind fireproofed by what he terms \"the organizational\nrevolution.\"", "date": "1976-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "63", "number": "2", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "437-438", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-141201610", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-141201610", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1976", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nvx8k-rgs77", "eprint_id": 41833, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:56:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:49:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Redeemers, Bourbons, and Populists: Tennessee, 1870-1896 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1976 Oxford University Press.\nBook review of: Redeemers, Bourbons & Populists: Tennessee, 1870-1896, by Roger L. Hart. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1975.\nISBN: 9780807100790", "abstract": "Roger L. Hart's clearly written book corrects several of the chief flaws in\nearlier works on Tennessee and replaces Daniel M. Robison's Bob Taylor\nand the Agrarian Revolt in Tennessee as the best starting place for students\nof the state's politics in the late-nineteenth century. Thoroughly researched\nand containing forty-five often ingeniously constructed tables, maps, and\ncharts in the text, and thirty-two more in appendixes, Hart's work offers a\nfull portrait of the shifting factions within the Democratic party from 1870\nto 1896, and the various bolters from it-the \"low taxers\" of 1880, the\n\"sky blues\" of 1882, and the Populists of the 1890s.", "date": "1976-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of American History", "volume": "62", "number": "4", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "1005-1006", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-141557837", "issn": "0021-8723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-141557837", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1976", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5s078-hdx19", "eprint_id": 41011, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:56:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:22:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The \"New Political History\": A Methodological Critique", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1975 by the Johns Hopkins University Press.\nI wish to thank Allan G. Bogue of the University of Wisconsin and my Caltech colleagues, John\nFerejohn, Mo Fiorina, David Grether, Dan Kevles, and Forrest Nelson for their most helpful comments,\nsome of which I rejected, no doubt at my peril. They are not, therefore, responsible for any\nremaining blunders or infelicities.", "abstract": "In a recent review article one of the leading figures of the \"new political history,\"\nSamuel P. Hays, argued that \"a preoccupation with technique\" on the part of both\ncritics and defenders of the genre has obscured the more important advances it had\nbrought to the discipline-the reformulation of historical concepts and the substitution\nof \"systematic\" for \"intuitive\" tests of hypotheses. \"The social research\nmovement,\" he concluded, \"critically needs to take stock of itself, seriously\ndebate where it is going, and move from its initial enthusiasm with techniques to a\nconcern for methods and theory.\"", "date": "1976-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Reviews in American History", "volume": "4", "publisher": "Johns Hopkins University Press", "pagerange": "1-14", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-151228396", "issn": "0048-7511", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-151228396", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1976", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h89r8-cw139", "eprint_id": 41832, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:33:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:49:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "The Political South in the Twentieth Century [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1975 Academy of Political Science.\nBook review of: The Political South in the Twentieth Century by Monroe Lee Billington.\nNew York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1975. ISBN: 9780684139838", "abstract": "Merchandized as a supplementary text for United States history survey courses, Monroe Lee Billington's new \"brief synthesis\" (p. 186) summarizes\npart of the uneven secondary literature on twentieth-century southern politics.\nBillington has done no primary research: used no manuscript collections,\nanalyzed no election or census returns, interviewed no one. His book has no\ncoherent theme, no original analyses of important occurrences or trends, no\nstriking portraits of colorful southern politicos, not even an adequate narrative\nof events. His bibliography is very sketchy, and he has relegated footnotes,\nnot to the back of the book, but to the imagination. Frequently self-contradictory,\noften grossly exaggerated, sometimes incorrect, the book is\nconsistently superficial and clich\u00e9-ridden. Its marketing virtues are that it is\nshort, has a moral stance so vague and bland as to be inoffensive to anyone to\nthe left of George Wallace, and requires neither sophistication nor thoughtful\neffort to read.", "date": "1975-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Political Science Quarterly", "volume": "90", "number": "3", "publisher": "Academy of Political Science", "pagerange": "561-562", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-141341163", "issn": "0032-3195", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-141341163", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1975", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h14dw-1tr05", "eprint_id": 41098, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:26:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:27:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "A Black Protest in the \"Era of Accommodation:\" Documents", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1975 Arkansas Historical Association.\n\nPublished - A_Black_Protest.pdf
", "abstract": "In his seminal essay on the development of legal\nsegregation in the South, C. Vann Woodward listed several\n\"restraining forces\" which delayed the formalization of the\nstrict caste system-\"Northern liberal opinion ... the prestige\nand influence of Southern conservatives . . . [and]\nthe idealism and zeal of the Southern radicals [i.e., Populists].\"\nIt was the \"weakening and discrediting\" of these\ngroups which allowed Jim Crow to grow and prosper. Although\nthe \"Woodward thesis\" has repeatedly been debated,\nhistorians have often overlooked a central fact: each\nof the restraining groups was white. In the controversy over\nthe place of the Negro in southern society, in other words,\nblack folk weren't directly involved. For, by the 1890s,\naccording to Woodward, \"The resistance of the Negro himself\nhad long ceased to be an important deterrent to white\n\naggression.\"", "date": "1975-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Arkansas Historical Quarterly", "volume": "34", "number": "2", "publisher": "Arkansas Historical Association", "pagerange": "149-178", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-085912368", "issn": "2327-1213", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130905-085912368", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "A_Black_Protest.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h14dw-1tr05/files/A_Black_Protest.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1975", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/614f1-51g21", "eprint_id": 41834, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:42:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:49:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "L. Q. C. Lamar: Pragmatic Patriot [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1974 Mississippi State University.\nBook Review of L. Q. C. Lamar: Pragmatic Patriot, by James B. Murphy. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1973. ISBN: 9780807102176.\n\nPublished - 372584.pdf
", "abstract": "The central problems of Southern political history are to define the nature of and motivation for the policies of white Southern politicians on race and economics. When Southern white politicians deviated from strict racism-Ulrich B. Phillips' \"central theme\"-what accounted for their apostasy? When they\nseriously divided on economics, as they did in the New Deal period, what caused those divisions? Has class ever supplanted race as the central axis of Southern politics?", "date": "1974", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Mississippi Quarterly", "volume": "27", "publisher": "Mississippi State University", "pagerange": "109-114", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-141929455", "issn": "0026-637X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-141929455", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "372584.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/614f1-51g21/files/372584.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1974", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33", "eprint_id": 104503, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:28:40", "lastmod": "2024-01-17 18:18:27", "type": "book", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5261-2859" } ] }, "title": "The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1880-1910", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "United States History; Southern States History; Suffrage History; United States Politics and government, 1865-1950", "note": "\u00a9 J. Morgan Kousser. \n\nI dedicate this book to my mother, Alice Morgan Kousser, who is responsible for any virtue in me. My faults are mine alone. \n\nOriginally published with assistance from the Mary Cady Tew Memorial Fund.\n\nPublished - TR000573-14_index.pdf
Published - TR000573.pdf
Published - TR000573_00_front-matter.pdf
Published - TR000573_00_introduction.pdf
Published - TR000573_01_chapter-1.pdf
Published - TR000573_02_chapter-2.pdf
Published - TR000573_03_chapter-3.pdf
Published - TR000573_04_chapter-4.pdf
Published - TR000573_05_chapter-5.pdf
Published - TR000573_06_chapter-6.pdf
Published - TR000573_07_chapter-7.pdf
Published - TR000573_08_chapter-8.pdf
Published - TR000573_09_chapter-9.pdf
Published - TR000573_10_appendix-a.pdf
Published - TR000573_11_appendix-b.pdf
Published - TR000573_12_critical-biblography.pdf
Published - TR000573_13_alphabetical-listing.pdf
", "abstract": "This book is an attempt to explain the origins of the political system Key described. A complex topic with wide ramifications, it has received less attention than it deserves. As Sheldon Hackney remarked in a recent review article, \"One of the unsolved, even unposed riddles of twentieth-century southern politics is why a two-party system did not develop after disfranchisement.\" The solution to this riddle, I suggest, lies not in the period after disfranchisement and the establishment of the direct, statewide white primary, but in a study of the movements which sought to bring about those electoral changes. If so, then questions about the genesis of the electoral changes are important to political scientists and historians investigating not only the nineteenth century but also the twentieth. \n\nI have attempted in this book to cover in detail the movements for suffrage restriction in each of the eleven ex-Confederate states. I have also treated intensively the changes in Northern opinion toward suffrage and the South, the identity and objectives of the restrictionists and their opponents, and the purposes and efficacy of the particular alterations in the political rules. My interpretation of the change from the post-Reconstruction Southern political system to the twentieth-century system rests on a thorough analysis of election statistics using a technique heretofore rarely used by historians\u2014Leo Goodman's ecological regression method. By employing Goodman's method, I have been able to obtain estimates of the percentages of blacks and whites who voted for each candidate, as well as the proportion who did not vote, in every presidential and gubernatorial election and in many primaries and referenda in the South from 1880 to 1910. For most of these elections, these are the first estimates based on a relatively sophisticated statistical procedure that have ever been made. These statistics allow the most firmly based answers that we have so far to such questions as: to what extent did blacks and whites, respectively, favor the Populists? What percentage of voters from each party favored disfranchisement in the various referenda? To what extent did the massive declines in votes turnout represent only the disfranchisement of blacks? To what extent did whites also stop voting?", "date": "1974", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Yale University Press", "place_of_pub": "New Haven, CT", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200722-095203042", "isbn": "9781600490118", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200722-095203042", "doi": "10.7907/q3m1-we19", "primary_object": { "basename": "TR000573.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "TR000573_08_chapter-8.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_08_chapter-8.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_11_appendix-b.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_11_appendix-b.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_03_chapter-3.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_03_chapter-3.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_07_chapter-7.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_07_chapter-7.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_06_chapter-6.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_06_chapter-6.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_10_appendix-a.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_10_appendix-a.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_04_chapter-4.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_04_chapter-4.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_09_chapter-9.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_09_chapter-9.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_12_critical-biblography.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_12_critical-biblography.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573-14_index.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573-14_index.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_01_chapter-1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_01_chapter-1.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_02_chapter-2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_02_chapter-2.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_05_chapter-5.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_05_chapter-5.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_13_alphabetical-listing.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_13_alphabetical-listing.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_00_front-matter.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_00_front-matter.pdf" }, { "basename": "TR000573_00_introduction.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qj9m-mbh33/files/TR000573_00_introduction.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "book", "pub_year": "1974", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ag7ns-kjf51", "eprint_id": 41154, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:39:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:29:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Post-Reconstruction Suffrage Restrictions in Tennessee: A New Look at the V.O. Key Thesis", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1973 Academy of Political Science.", "abstract": "Most contemporary observers accorded Mississippi\nprimacy in the enactment of legal suffrage restrictions in the South.\nDelegates to its nationally watched 1890 constitutional convention\nbroached most of the important arguments and proposals for disfranchisement,\ndrafted the first comprehensive and permanent limitations\non suffrage in the late nineteenth century South, and advanced\nthe initial rhetorical and legal defenses of franchise contraction.\nSix other ex-Confederate states frequently adverted to Mississippi's\nexperience as they passed similarly sweeping revisions\nin their fundamental voting requirements in the dozen years after\n1890. Scholars have almost universally followed the contemporary\npattern by concentrating on these seven states in their analyses of\nI suffrage restriction. They have paid considerably less attention to\nthe four Southern states which adopted simpler, mainly statutory\nlimits on the electorate-Arkansas, Texas, Florida, and Tennessee. Yet the restrictive devices which Florida and Tennessee employed\nactually preceded the Mississippi convention, and although\nnot as complex, were almost as effective as the Magnolia State's\nregulations in curtailing Negro voting. More obviously partisan\nand seemingly less racist in its goals than the seven more familiar\nmovements, the drive for restriction in Tennessee was typical of\nthe largely neglected, but extremely significant acts of legislative\nsuffrage contraction.", "date": "1973-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Political Science Quarterly", "volume": "88", "number": "4", "publisher": "Academy of Political Science", "pagerange": "655-683", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130906-153238437", "issn": "0032-3195", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130906-153238437", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1973", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rspyt-ksh90", "eprint_id": 41012, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:34:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:23:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Ecological Regression and the Analysis of Past Politics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1973 MIT Press.\n\nPublished - Kousser_1973p237.pdf
", "abstract": "Regression estimation of\ncell entries in contingency tables is among the most useful statistical\ntechniques for political historians. Developed in the 1950s by statisticians\nwho were attempting to circumvent the so-called \"ecological\nfallacy,\" regression estimation has received a good deal of attention in\nother social scientific disciplines, but surprisingly little in history. In a\nrecent article in this journal, Jones provided a short introduction to the\ntechnique pioneered by Leo A. Goodman. In addition, Jones tested its\naccuracy by comparing survey results with estimates of voting behavior\nfrom the 1960 presidential election, and urged the historical profession\nto utilize the Goodman procedure. Although helpful as far as it goes,\nJones's paper does not treat the theory, mathematical background, and\nassumptions of the method in sufficient detail to enable historians to\nemploy it creatively. Nor does he offer the researcher advice on how to deal with typical difficulties which arise in an actual analysis of past\ndata-for example, the problems of nonlinearity and logically impossible\nestimates.", "date": "1973-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Interdisciplinary History", "volume": "4", "number": "2", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press", "pagerange": "237-262", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-151425656", "issn": "0022-1953", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130829-151425656", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "primary_object": { "basename": "Kousser_1973p237.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rspyt-ksh90/files/Kousser_1973p237.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1973", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q5fg4-qmh18", "eprint_id": 41836, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:57:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:49:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kousser-J-M", "name": { "family": "Kousser", "given": "J. Morgan" } } ] }, "title": "Historian's Guide to Statistics: Quantitative Analysis and Historical Research [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1972 American Statistical Association.\nBook review of: Historian's Guide to Statistics: Quantitive Analysis and Historical Research by Charles M. Dollar; Richard J. Jensen. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc., 1971. ISBN: 9780030780202", "abstract": "During the nineteen-sixties, more and more historians recognized\nthe need to employ at least simple statistical techniques\nin their work. Naturally, in a discipline which straddles the\nhumanities and the social sciences and prides itself on its writing\nstyle, lack of jargon, and attention to the subtle complexities of human life, there was opposition to the new wave. One prominent\nhistorian, for example, warned his colleagues \"never to\nworship at the shrine of that Bitch-goddess, QUANTIFICATION.\"", "date": "1972-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the American Statistical Association", "volume": "67", "number": "338", "publisher": "American Statistical Association", "pagerange": "493-493", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-142152776", "issn": "0162-1459", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131009-142152776", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1972", "author_list": "Kousser, J. Morgan" } ]