[ { "id": "authors:6mwqz-4rc54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6mwqz-4rc54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191121-110551588", "type": "publication_whitepaper", "title": "High-resolution Infrared Spectrograph for Exoplanet Characterization with the Keck and Thirty Meter Telescopes", "author": [ { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Beichman", "given_name": "Charles", "orcid": "0000-0002-5627-5471", "clpid": "Beichman-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "clpid": "Jovanovic-N" }, { "family_name": "Dekany", "given_name": "Richard", "clpid": "Dekany-Richard" }, { "family_name": "Hover", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Hover-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Blake", "given_name": "Geoffrey A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0787-1610", "clpid": "Blake-G-A" }, { "family_name": "Hillenbrand", "given_name": "Lynne", "clpid": "Hillenbrand-L-A" }, { "family_name": "Howard", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-8638-0320", "clpid": "Howard-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Knutson", "given_name": "Heather", "orcid": "0000-0002-5375-4725", "clpid": "Knutson-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Ciardi", "given_name": "David", "orcid": "0000-0002-5741-3047", "clpid": "Ciardi-D-R" } ], "abstract": "HISPEC (High-resolution Infrared Spectrograph for Exoplanet Characterization) is a proposed diffraction-limited spectrograph for the W.M. Keck Observatory, and a pathfinder for the MODHIS facility project (Multi-Object Diffraction-limited High-resolution Infrared Spectrograph) on the Thirty Meter Telescope. HISPEC/MODHIS builds on diffraction-limited spectrograph designs which rely on adaptively corrected single-mode fiber feeds. Seeing-limited high-resolution spectrographs, by virtue of the conservation of beam etendue, grow in volume following a D^3 power law (D is the telescope diameter), and are subject to daunting challenges associated with their large size. Diffraction-limited spectrographs fed by single mode fibers are decoupled from the telescope input, and are orders of magnitude more compact and have intrinsically stable line spread functions. Their efficiency is directly proportional to the performance of the adaptive optics (AO) system. AO technologies have matured rapidly over the past two decades and are baselined for future extremely large telescopes. HISPEC/MODHIS will take R>100,000 spectra of a few objects in a 10\" field-of-view sampled at the diffraction limit (~10-50 mas), simultaneously from 0.95 to 2.4 microns (y-K). The scientific scope ranges from exoplanet infrared precision radial velocities, spectroscopy of transiting, close-in, and directly imaged exoplanets (atmospheric composition and dynamics, RM effect, spin measurements, Doppler imaging), brown dwarf characterization, stellar physics/chemistry, proto-planetary disk kinematics/composition, Solar system, extragalactic science, and cosmology. HISPEC/MODHIS features a compact, cost-effective design optimized to fully exploit the existing Keck-AO and future TMT-NFIRAOS infrastructures and boost the scientific reach of Keck Observatory and TMT soon after first light.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1908.03623", "publication_date": "2019-08-09" }, { "id": "authors:177dx-hm503", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "177dx-hm503", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190722-075111137", "type": "publication_whitepaper", "title": "Astro2020: Astrophotonics White Paper", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gatkine", "given_name": "Pradip", "orcid": "0000-0002-1955-2230", "clpid": "Gatkine-P" }, { "family_name": "Veilleux", "given_name": "Sylvain", "orcid": "0000-0002-3158-6820", "clpid": "Veilleux-S" }, { "family_name": "Mather", "given_name": "John", "clpid": "Mather-J-C" }, { "family_name": "Betters", "given_name": "Christopher", "clpid": "Betters-C" }, { "family_name": "Bland-Hawthorn", "given_name": "Jonathan", "orcid": "0000-0001-7516-4016", "clpid": "Bland-Hawthorn-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryant", "given_name": "Julia", "orcid": "0000-0003-1627-9301", "clpid": "Bryant-J-J" }, { "family_name": "Cenko", "given_name": "S. Bradley", "orcid": "0000-0003-1673-970X", "clpid": "Cenko-S-B" }, { "family_name": "Dagenais", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Dagenais-M" }, { "family_name": "Deming", "given_name": "Drake", "orcid": "0000-0001-5727-4094", "clpid": "Deming-D" }, { "family_name": "Ellis", "given_name": "Simon", "clpid": "Ellis-S" }, { "family_name": "Greenhouse", "given_name": "Matthew", "clpid": "Greenhouse-M" }, { "family_name": "Harris", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-6159-9174", "clpid": "Harris-A-I" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "clpid": "Jovanovic-N" }, { "family_name": "Kuhlmann", "given_name": "Steve", "clpid": "Kuhlmann-S" }, { "family_name": "Kutyrev", "given_name": "Alexander", "orcid": "0000-0002-2715-8460", "clpid": "Kutyrev-A" }, { "family_name": "Leon-Saval", "given_name": "Sergio", "clpid": "Leon-Saval-S" }, { "family_name": "Madhav", "given_name": "Kalaga", "clpid": "Madhav-K" }, { "family_name": "Moseley", "given_name": "Samuel", "clpid": "Moseley-S-H" }, { "family_name": "Norris", "given_name": "Barnaby", "clpid": "Norris-B" }, { "family_name": "Rauscher", "given_name": "Bernard", "clpid": "Rauscher-B-J" }, { "family_name": "Roth", "given_name": "Martin", "clpid": "Roth-M" }, { "family_name": "Vogel", "given_name": "Stuart", "clpid": "Vogel-S-N" } ], "abstract": "Astrophotonics is the application of versatile photonic technologies to channel, manipulate, and disperse guided light from one or more telescopes to achieve scientific objectives in astronomy in an efficient and cost-effective way. The developments and demands from the telecommunication industry have driven a major boost in photonic technology and vice versa in the last 40 years. The photonic platform of guided light in fibers and waveguides has opened the doors to next-generation instrumentation for both ground- and space-based telescopes in optical and near/mid-IR bands, particularly for the upcoming extremely large telescopes (ELTs). The large telescopes are pushing the limits of adaptive optics to reach close to a near-diffraction-limited performance. The photonic devices are ideally suited for capturing this AO-corrected light and enabling new and exciting science such as characterizing exoplanet atmospheres. The purpose of this white paper is to summarize the current landscape of astrophotonic devices and their scientific impact, highlight the key issues, and outline specific technological and organizational approaches to address these issues in the coming decade and thereby enable new discoveries as we embark on the era of extremely large telescopes.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1907.05904", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2019-07-12" }, { "id": "authors:4zp4w-5b844", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4zp4w-5b844", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190619-110958838", "type": "publication_whitepaper", "title": "Imaging Cool Giant Planets in Reflected Light: Science Investigations and Synergy with Habitable Planets", "author": [ { "family_name": "Marley", "given_name": "Mark", "orcid": "0000-0002-5251-2943", "clpid": "Marley-M-S" }, { "family_name": "Lewis", "given_name": "Nikole", "orcid": "0000-0002-8507-1304", "clpid": "Lewis-N-K" }, { "family_name": "Arney", "given_name": "Giada" }, { "family_name": "Bailey", "given_name": "Vanessa", "orcid": "0000-0002-5407-2806", "clpid": "Bailey-V-P" }, { "family_name": "Batalha", "given_name": "Natasha" }, { "family_name": "Beichman", "given_name": "Charles", "orcid": "0000-0002-5627-5471", "clpid": "Beichman-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Benneke", "given_name": "Bj\u00f6rn" }, { "family_name": "Blecic", "given_name": "Jasmina" }, { "family_name": "Cahoy", "given_name": "Kerri" }, { "family_name": "Chilcote", "given_name": "Jeffrey" }, { "family_name": "Domagal-Goldman", "given_name": "Shawn" }, { "family_name": "Dressing", "given_name": "Courtney" }, { "family_name": "Fitzgerald", "given_name": "Michael" }, { "family_name": "Fortney", "given_name": "Jonathan" }, { "family_name": "Freedman", "given_name": "Richard" }, { "family_name": "Gelino", "given_name": "Dawn" }, { "family_name": "Gizis", "given_name": "John" }, { "family_name": "Guyon", "given_name": "Olivier" }, { "family_name": "Greene", "given_name": "Thomas" }, { "family_name": "Hammel", "given_name": "Heidi" }, { "family_name": "Hasegawa", "given_name": "Yasuhiro" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "clpid": "Jovanovic-N" }, { "family_name": "Konopacky", "given_name": "Quinn" }, { "family_name": "Kopparapu", "given_name": "Ravi" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Michael" }, { "family_name": "Lopez", "given_name": "Eric" }, { "family_name": "Lunine", "given_name": "Jonathan" }, { "family_name": "Lupu", "given_name": "Roxana" }, { "family_name": "Macintosh", "given_name": "Bruce" }, { "family_name": "Mandt", "given_name": "Kathleen" }, { "family_name": "Marois", "given_name": "Christian" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Mayorga", "given_name": "Laura" }, { "family_name": "Morley", "given_name": "Caroline" }, { "family_name": "Nielsen", "given_name": "Eric" }, { "family_name": "Roberge", "given_name": "Aki" }, { "family_name": "Serabyn", "given_name": "Eugene" }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andrew" }, { "family_name": "Stapelfeldt", "given_name": "Karl" }, { "family_name": "Visscher", "given_name": "Channon" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" } ], "abstract": "Planned astronomical observatories of the 2020s will be capable of obtaining reflected light photometry and spectroscopy of cool extrasolar giant planets. Here we explain that such data are valuable both for understanding the origin and evolution of giant planets as a whole and for preparing for the interpretation of similar datasets from potentially habitable extrasolar terrestrial planets in the decades to follow.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1903.09322", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2019-03-22" }, { "id": "authors:gsjnw-e5e95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gsjnw-e5e95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190620-144120530", "type": "publication_whitepaper", "title": "Engaging Citizen Scientists to Keep Transit Times Fresh and Ensure the Efficient Use of Transiting Exoplanet Characterization Missions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zellem", "given_name": "Robert T.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7547-0398", "clpid": "Zellem-R-T" }, { "family_name": "Biferno", "given_name": "Anya", "clpid": "Biferno-A" }, { "family_name": "Ciardi", "given_name": "David R.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5741-3047", "clpid": "Ciardi-D-R" }, { "family_name": "Dussault", "given_name": "Mary", "clpid": "Dussault-M" }, { "family_name": "Peticolas", "given_name": "Laura", "clpid": "Peticolas-L" }, { "family_name": "Fowler", "given_name": "Martin", "clpid": "Fowler-M" }, { "family_name": "Pearson", "given_name": "Kyle A.", "clpid": "Pearson-K-A" }, { "family_name": "Gee", "given_name": "Wilfred", "clpid": "Gee-W-T" }, { "family_name": "Zimmerman-Brachman", "given_name": "Rachel", "clpid": "Zimmerman-Brachman-R" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Denise", "clpid": "Smith-Denise" }, { "family_name": "Cominsky", "given_name": "Lynn", "clpid": "Cominsky-L" }, { "family_name": "Roudier", "given_name": "Gael M.", "clpid": "Roudier-G-M" }, { "family_name": "Lawton", "given_name": "Brandon", "clpid": "Lawton-B" }, { "family_name": "Baer", "given_name": "Robert", "clpid": "Baer-R" }, { "family_name": "Dragomir", "given_name": "Diana", "orcid": "0000-0003-2313-467X", "clpid": "Dragomir-D" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "clpid": "Jovanovic-N" }, { "family_name": "Kuchner", "given_name": "Marc", "orcid": "0000-0002-2387-5489", "clpid": "Kuchner-M-J" }, { "family_name": "Sienkiewicz", "given_name": "Frank", "clpid": "Sienkiewicz-F" }, { "family_name": "Walawender", "given_name": "Josh", "clpid": "Walawender-J" } ], "abstract": "This white paper advocates for the creation of a community-wide program to maintain precise mid-transit times of exoplanets that would likely be targeted by future platforms. Given the sheer number of targets that will require careful monitoring between now and the launch of the next generation of exoplanet characterization missions, this network will initially be devised as a citizen science project -- focused on the numerous amateur astronomers, small universities and community colleges and high schools that have access to modest sized telescopes and off-the-shelf CCDs.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1903.07716", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2019-03-18" }, { "id": "authors:ek2kh-tb789", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ek2kh-tb789", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190619-084158876", "type": "publication_whitepaper", "title": "Imaging Giant Protoplanets with the ELTs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Sallum", "given_name": "Steph", "clpid": "Sallum-S" }, { "family_name": "Bailey", "given_name": "Vanessa P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5407-2806", "clpid": "Bailey-V-P" }, { "family_name": "Bernstein", "given_name": "Rebecca A.", "clpid": "Bernstein-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Boss", "given_name": "Alan P.", "clpid": "Boss-A-P" }, { "family_name": "Bowler", "given_name": "Brendan P.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2649-2288", "clpid": "Bowler-B-P" }, { "family_name": "Close", "given_name": "Laird", "orcid": "0000-0002-2167-8246", "clpid": "Close-L-M" }, { "family_name": "Currie", "given_name": "Thayne", "orcid": "0000-0002-7405-3119", "clpid": "Currie-T" }, { "family_name": "Dong", "given_name": "Ruobing", "orcid": "0000-0001-9290-7846", "clpid": "Dong-Ruobing" }, { "family_name": "Espaillat", "given_name": "Catherine", "orcid": "0000-0001-9227-5949", "clpid": "Espaillat-C-C" }, { "family_name": "Fitzgerald", "given_name": "Michael P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0176-8973", "clpid": "Fitzgerald-M-P" }, { "family_name": "Follette", "given_name": "Katherine B.", "clpid": "Follette-K-B" }, { "family_name": "Fortney", "given_name": "Jonathan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9843-4354", "clpid": "Fortney-J-J" }, { "family_name": "Hasegawa", "given_name": "Yasuhiro", "orcid": "0000-0002-9017-3663", "clpid": "Hasegawa-Yasuhiro" }, { "family_name": "Jang-Condell", "given_name": "Hannah", "clpid": "Jang-Condell-H" }, { "family_name": "Jovanovic", "given_name": "Nemanja", "clpid": "Jovanovic-N" }, { "family_name": "Kane", "given_name": "Stephen R.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7084-0529", "clpid": "Kane-S-R" }, { "family_name": "Konopacky", "given_name": "Quinn", "orcid": "0000-0002-9936-6285", "clpid": "Konopacky-Q-M" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Michael", "orcid": "0000-0003-2232-7664", "clpid": "Liu-Michael-C" }, { "family_name": "Lozi", "given_name": "Julien", "orcid": "0000-0002-3047-1845", "clpid": "Lozi-J" }, { "family_name": "Males", "given_name": "Jared", "clpid": "Males-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Mawet", "given_name": "Dimitri", "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735", "clpid": "Mawet-D" }, { "family_name": "Mazin", "given_name": "Benjamin", "clpid": "Mazin-B-A" }, { "family_name": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given_name": "Max", "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233", "clpid": "Millar-Blanchaer-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Murray-Clay", "given_name": "Ruth", "orcid": "0000-0001-5061-0462", "clpid": "Murray-Clay-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Ruane", "given_name": "Garreth", "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665", "clpid": "Ruane-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Skemer", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-6098-3924", "clpid": "Skemer-A-J" }, { "family_name": "Tamura", "given_name": "Motohide", "orcid": "0000-0002-6510-0681", "clpid": "Tamura-Motohide" }, { "family_name": "Vasisht", "given_name": "Gautam", "orcid": "0000-0002-1871-6264", "clpid": "Vasisht-G" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Jason", "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502", "clpid": "Wang-Jason-J" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Ji", "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885", "clpid": "Wang-Ji" } ], "abstract": "We have now accumulated a wealth of observations of the planet-formation environment and of mature planetary systems. These data allow us to test and refine theories of gas-giant planet formation by placing constraints on the conditions and timescale of this process. Yet a number of fundamental questions remain unanswered about how protoplanets accumulate material, their photospheric properties and compositions, and how they interact with protoplanetary disks. While we have begun to detect protoplanet candidates during the last several years, we are presently only sensitive to the widest separation, highest mass / accretion rate cases. Current observing facilities lack the angular resolution and inner working angle to probe the few-AU orbital separations where giant planet formation is thought to be most efficient. They also lack the contrast to detect accretion rates that would form lower mass gas giants and ice giants. Instruments and telescopes coming online over the next decade will provide high contrast in the inner giant-planet-forming regions around young stars, allowing us to build a protoplanet census and to characterize planet formation in detail for the first time.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1903.05319", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2019-03-13" } ]