@book {CaltechBOOK_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/25052,
    title ="Bioinorganic Chemistry",
    author = "Bertini, Ivano and Gray, Harry B.",
    
    
    
    
    month = "January",
    year = "1994",
    
    
    
    isbn = "0-935702-57-1",
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1994.002",
    note = "Copyright © 1994 by University Science Books. Reprinted with permission.",
    revision_no = "27",
    abstract = "This book covers material that could be included in a one-quarter or one-semester course in bioinorganic chemistry for graduate students and advanced undergraduate students in chemistry or biochemistry. We believe that such a course should provide students with the background required to follow the research literature in the field. The topics were chosen to represent those areas of bioinorganic chemistry that are mature enough for textbook presentation. Although each chapter presents material at a more advanced level than that of bioinorganic textbooks published previously, the chapters are not specialized review articles. What we have attempted to do in each chapter is to teach the underlying principles of bioinorganic chemistry as well as outlining the state of knowledge in selected areas. \n\nWe have chosen not to include abbreviated summaries of the inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, and spectroscopy that students may need as background in order to master the material presented. We instead assume that the instructor using this book will assign reading from relevant sources that is appropriate to the background of the students taking the course. \n\nFor the convenience of the instructors, students, and other readers of this book, we have included an appendix that lists references to reviews of the research literature that we have found to be particularly useful in our courses on bioinorganic chemistry.",
}
@book {CaltechAUTHORS_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/105209,
    title ="Chemical Bonds: An Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Structure",
    author = "Gray, Harry B.",
    
    
    
    
    month = "January",
    year = "1994",
    
    doi = "10.7907/rt7h-8t44",
    
    isbn = "9781600490125",
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200902-084538354",
    note = "© Harry B. Gray. \n\nWith this edition, University Science Books becomes the publisher of Chemi\u00adcal Bonds: An Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Structure. We thank the publisher, Bruce Armbruster, for his interest in chemistry and chemical education. \n\nI should like to thank especially Dr. James L. Hall and Mr. John R. Nelson, who edited the manuscript and made helpful critical comments on each of the several drafts of the manuscript. I am also grateful to Mr. Michael Bertolucci, who read the final draft and offered additional comments and verified the latest values of physical data from several literature sources. At this point an author usually says he must, of course, take responsibility for any remaining errors and impossibly incoherent sections. With all due respect, I should like to share this responsibility with Jim, John, and Mike. So, students and other readers, write and let us know what you think of the book.",
    revision_no = "33",
    abstract = "This book is intended to provide a reasonably complete introduction to atomic and molecular structure and bonding for science students. Parts of the book are revised and expanded versions of appropriate sections from Basic Principles of Chemistry, which I coauthored with Gilbert P. Haight, Jr. The basic approach of using illustrations profusely in presenting concepts has been retained in this monograph. \n\nThe material on molecular structure is organized roughly in order of molecular size, proceeding from diatomic molecules in Chapter 3 to the \"infinitely large\" atomic clusters in Chapter 6, which deals with the structures of solids. Although Chapter 3 is loaded with \"teaching molecules\" (simple molecules observed only at high temperatures and low pressures), the emphasis in the rest of the book is on \"real molecules.\" Each chapter concludes with a large selection of questions and problems.",
}
@book {CaltechBOOK_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/25039,
    title ="Molecular electronic structures : an introduction",
    author = "Ballhausen, Carl J. and Gray, Harry B.",
    
    
    
    
    month = "January",
    year = "1980",
    
    
    
    isbn = "0-8053-0452-5",
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1980.002",
    
    revision_no = "5",
    abstract = "The present book is an introduction to molecular electronic structural theory. It is aimed at students who have reasonable familiarity with differential and integral calculus and are beginning a study of the physical description of chemical systems. We have decided to concentrate on the description of ground state electronic structures, or, in other words, the principles of chemical bonding in molecules. In this important respect the present volume differs from our earlier book \"Molecular Orbital Theory\" (Benjamin, 1964), which included a strong emphasis on the description of electronic excited states. \n\nIn our treatment of molecular wave functions we make use of \"symmetry operators\", the latter being operators that leave the Hamiltonian unchanged. By using such symmetry operators, it is possible to characterize the electronic structures of molecules. In our opinion, this approach provides good preparation for later studies that may be undertaken in which formal group theory is employed. \n\nThe heart of the book is Chapter 4, where we discuss in some detail the bonding in several selected molecules. Examples from both organic and inorganic chemistry are included in an attempt to make the coverage as general as possible. Our objective here is to provide an introduction to molecular bonding that will serve as a foundation for more advanced study of electronic structures. \n\nSuggested reading and problems are included in each chapter. Some of the problems are challenging, but working them will give the student a much better feeling for the principles involved. The suggested reading is of two types, books (and reviews) and original papers. And we urge students to examine at least some of the older papers in the field, as muck can be learned from them.",
}
@book {CaltechBOOK_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/25050,
    title ="Chemical principles. Third edition.",
    author = "Dickerson, Richard E. and Gray, Harry B.",
    
    
    
    
    month = "January",
    year = "1979",
    
    
    
    isbn = "0805323988",
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1979.001",
    
    revision_no = "57",
    abstract = "PREFACE: This edition of Chemical Principles, like its predecessors, is designed to be used in a general university chemistry course which must provide both an overview of chemistry for nonspecialists and a sound foundation for later study\nfor science or chemistry majors. Hence there are several survey chapters introducing different areas of chemistry, including inorganic, nuclear, organic, and biochemistry, and an attempt is made throughout the book to place chemistry in its historical and cultural setting. At the same time, the quantitative aspects of chemistry are presented in a manner consistent with their importance, in a way that will make it easy to build upon them in later courses.\n\nThis is the first complete revision of Chemical Principles since the first edition was published in 1969. The authors have rethought and replanned the entire book, especially the first thirteen chapters, trying to make it a better pedagogical tool without losing the special viewpoints and flavor that made the earlier editions so successful. The history and the anecdotal asides that help to make the subject palatable have been retained, but they have been better segregated from the factual material for which a student will be held responsible.",
}
@book {CaltechBOOK_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/25040,
    title ="Chemical dynamics",
    author = "Dence, Joseph B. and Gray, Harry B.",
    
    
    
    
    month = "April",
    year = "1968",
    
    
    
    
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1968.001",
    
    revision_no = "5",
    abstract = "CHEMICAL EDUCATION is changing rapidly, not only because of the explosive growth of knowledge but also because the new knowledge has stimulated reformulation of working principles in the science. Undergraduate curricula and individual courses are in constant flux. Nowhere is the change and challenge greater than in freshman chemistry. Teachers of freshmen must meet the intellectual needs of students who have had more sophisticated and stimulating high school courses than those given a decade ago. At the same time, the freshman teacher must be aware of the constant modification of the more advanced courses in chemistry and other fields that his students will study later. \n\nContinuous reformulation of courses sometimes results in the inclusion of valuable new material at the expense of other equally valuable material. We believe that this has happened in some of the sophisticated courses in freshman chemistry. Structural chemistry often receives far greater emphasis than chemical dynamics. In 1965, the Westheimer Report (Chemistry: Opportunities and Needs, National Academy of Sciences, 1965) identified the three major fields of chemistry as structure, dynamics, and synthesis. We firmly believe that a balanced course in general chemistry should reflect the outlook of this report. The study of modern chemical synthesis is too demanding to be covered in depth in an introductory course. However, chemical dynamics -- the systematic study of reactions and reactivity -- can and should be studied at the freshman level. The study of changing chemical systems is the most fascinating part of the field for many students, and its early introduction forms a solid foundation for later study. This small volume is our attempt to answer the need. \n\nThe book is intended for students who have had introductory stoichiometry, energetics, and structure at the level of a modern freshman textbook (for example, Basic Principles of Chemistry, by H. B. Gray and G. P. Haight, Jr., W. A. Benjamin, Inc., New York, 1961). Chemical Dynamics is designed to accompany approximately 20-25 lectures to be given as the concluding section of a freshman chemistry course. \n\nWe have chosen topics for their fundamental importance in dynamics and then tried to develop a presentation suitable for freshman classes. Discussion of each topic is limited, because chemistry majors will inevitably return to all the subject matter in more advanced courses. We hope that the following ideas have been introduced with a firm conceptual basis and in enough detail for the student to apply them to chemical reality. \n\n1. Thermodynamics and kinetics are two useful measures of reactivity. \n2. Characteristic patterns of reactivity are systematically related to molecular geometry and electronic structure. \n3. Reaction mechanisms are fascinating in their own right and indispensable for identification of significant problems in reaction rate theory. \n4. The concepts underlying experiments with elementary reaction processes (molecular beams) are simple, even though the engineering of the experiments is complicated. \n5. Application of theories of elementary reaction rates to most reactions (slow reactions, condensed media, etc.) provides enough challenge to satisfy the most ambitious young scientist. \n\nThe book includes exercises at the end of each chapter except the last. Their purpose is didactic, inasmuch as most have been written with the aim of strengthening a particular point emphasized in the chapter, or of introducing an important topic which was not developed in the text for reasons of space and which would normally be taken up in greater detail in later courses. \n\nThe material in this volume has been adapted primarily from a portion of the lectures given by H.B.G. and G.S.H. to the Chemistry 2 students at the California Institute of Technology during the academic years 1966-1967 and 1967-1968. These lectures were taped, written up by J.B.D., and distributed to the students in the form of class notes. The final manuscript was written after class-testing of the notes. \n\nOur decision to revise the Chemistry 2 notes in the form of an introductory text was made after H.B.G. and G.S.H. participated in the San Clemente Chemical Dynamics Conference, held in December 1966 under the sponsorship of the Advisory Council of College Chemistry. At San Clemente we found we were not the only group concerned over the exclusion of significant reference to chemical reactions and reactivity relationships in freshman courses. In addition to their general encouragement, which provided the necessary additional impetus, these colleagues prepared a series of papers for publication in an issue of the Journal of Chemical Education. It is a pleasure to acknowledge here the direct contribution these papers made in shaping the final form of our volume; specifically, in preparing Chapter 6, we have drawn examples from the San Clemente papers of Professors R. Marcus, A. Kuppermann and E. F. Greene, and J. Halpern. \n\nThe concluding chapter of this book was developed from the lectures given by Professors E. F. Greene (dynamics in simple systems), Richard Wolfgang (atomic carbon), John D. Roberts (nuclear magnetic resonance), and F. C. Anson (electrochemical dynamics) to the students of Chemistry 2 in May 1967. These colleagues have kindly given us permission to use their material. \n\nWe are grateful to Professors Ralph G. Pearson and Paul Haake, who read the entire manuscript and offered valuable criticism. It is a special pleasure to acknowledge the enormous contribution our students in Chemistry 2 made to the project. Their enthusiastic, critical attitude helped us make many improvements in the manuscript. Thanks are also due to four very special members of the staff of W. A. Benjamin, Inc., for seeing this project through with infectious vigor. Finally, and not the least, we acknowledge the role Susan Brittenham and Eileen McKoy played in preparing the final manuscript. \n\nJOSEPH B. DENCE \nHARRY B. GRAY \nGEORGE S. HAMMOND \nPasadena, California \nJanuary 1968",
}
@book {CaltechBOOK_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/25028,
    title ="Ligand Substitution Processes",
    author = "Langford, Cooper H. and Gray, Harry B.",
    
    
    
    
    month = "March",
    year = "1966",
    
    
    
    
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1966.001",
    
    revision_no = "5",
    abstract = "From the preface: \n\nThe subject of the mechanistic study of ligand substitution reactions is currently undergoing an exciting growth. New fast-reaction techniques have removed the upper limit on rates that can be measured, and extension to less familiar central metal atoms has begun in earnest. This might seem the wrong moment for review of the field. As yet, definitive treatment is possible only for those complexes involving monodentate ligands with cobalt(III) and platinurn(II). But, because information is so extensive for these systems, it is clear that they are functioning as models from which concepts and experiments are generated for application over the fast-growing range of the subject. We believe that this is an important moment to reopen debate on fundamentals so that concepts will be most felicitously formulated to aid growth of understanding. This monograph is centrally concerned with three aspects of those fundamentals. \n\nWe have attempted to develop an approach to classification of ligand substitution reactions that is adapted to what seem to have emerged as the characteristic features of these reactions and is susceptible to operational tests. (We do recognize that any such scheme of ideas is necessarily obsolescent once it is formulated since new experiments will certainly follow immediately.) We have tried to evaluate the basis for making generalizations about ligand substitution processes and to formulate tests to show whether new reactions fall within familiar patterns. Finally, we have sought to base the models of ligand substitution processes in the language of molecular-orbital theory. We believe that MO theory is most useful, because it may be used to correlate rate data on complexes with the extensive information available from spectral and magnetic studies, yet differs from crystal-field theory in providing a natural place for consideration of the bonding electrons, which must be a principal determinant of reaction processes. \n\nTo keep this essay within bounds, we assume familiarity with the elements of experimental kinetics, transition-state theory, and the simple molecular-orbital theory of complexes. Introductory physical chemistry, some familiarity with the study of reaction mechanisms, and mastery of one of the qualitative treatments of MO theory as applied to transition-metal complexes should provide sufficient background. Thus, we hope that this book will be useful to students, relatively early in their careers, who wish to explore this field. \n\n\nOur debts to very many workers will be obvious throughout. We want to record here our special personal debt to Professors Ralph G. Pearson and Fred Basolo and to Dr. Martin Tobe. We particularly thank Professor George S. Hammond for his interest and enthusiasm in this project. Professor Hammond carefully read and criticized the entire manuscript in the final drafts. We received many other valuable criticisms at various stages of this project from Professors R. D. Archer, F. Basolo, J. O. Edwards, J. Finholt, P. Haake, J. Halpern, A. Kropf, R. G. Pearson, S. I. Shupack, M. S. Silver, and C. Walling, and Dr. U. Belluco and Dr. L. Cattalini. We very much appreciate their help and probably should have followed their suggestions more closely. We warmly acknowledge expert assistance from Mrs. Madeline deFriesse, Miss Jan Denby, and Mrs. Diane Celeste in preparation of the manuscript. \n\nCOOPER H. LANGFORD\nHARRY B. GRAY\nAmherst, Massachusetts\nNew York, New York\nOctober 1965",
}
@book {CaltechBOOK_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/25033,
    title ="Molecular orbital theory: an introductory lecture note and reprint volume",
    author = "Ballhausen, Carl A. and Gray, Harry B.",
    
    
    
    
    month = "September",
    year = "1965",
    
    
    
    
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1965.002",
    
    revision_no = "5",
    abstract = "These notes are based on lectures on molecular orbital theory that we have presented at the University of Copenhagen and Columbia University. They were designed primarily for advanced-undergraduate and first-year graduate students as an introduction to molecular orbital theory. \n\nIt is apparent that the molecular orbital theory is a very useful method of classifying the ground and excited states of small molecules. The transition metal complexes occupy a special place here, and the last chapter is devoted entirely to this subject. We believe that modern inorganic chemists should be acquainted with the methods of the theory, and that they will find approximate one-electron calculations as helpful as the organic chemists have found simple Hückel calculations. For this reason, we have included a calculation of the permanganate ion in Chapter 8. On the other hand, we have not considered conjugated pi systems because they are excellently discussed in a number of books. \n\nOur intuitive approach in the use of symmetry methods is admittedly nonrigorous and therefore will be unsatisfactory to purists, but we believe this is the best way to introduce symmetry ideas to the majority of students. Once the student has learned how to use symmetry methods, it will be easier for him to appreciate more formal and rigorous treatments. \n\nSeveral reprints of papers on molecular orbital theory are included in the back of the book. The papers treat a substantial number of the important molecular geometries. The reader should be able to follow the discussions after reading through the lecture notes. \n\nWe thank our colleagues in New York and Copenhagen for help with the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the help of Dr. Arlen Viste and Mr. Harold Basch in preparing Appendix 8-B. Finally, it is a pleasure to acknowledge the expert assistance of Mrs. Diane Celeste in preparing the final manuscript.\n\nC. J. BALLHAUSEN, Kobenhavn\nHARRY B. GRAY, New York\nOctober 1964",
}
@book {CaltechBOOK_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/25035,
    title ="Electrons and Chemical Bonding",
    author = "Gray, Harry B.",
    
    
    
    
    month = "January",
    year = "1965",
    
    
    
    
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechBOOK:1965.003",
    note = "The manuscript was put into production on January 16, 1964; this volume was published on August 21, 1964, second printing with corrections April 15, 1965. \n\nThe publisher is pleased to acknowledge the assistance of Lenore Stevens, who copyedited the manuscript, and Willlam Prokos, also produced the illustrations and designed the dust jacket.",
    revision_no = "5",
    abstract = "THIS BOOK WAS DEVELOPED from my lectures on chemical bonding in Chemistry 10 at Columbia in in the spring of 1962, and is mainly intended for the undergraduate student in chemistry who desires an introduction to the modern theories of chemical bonding. The material is designed for a one-semester course in bonding, hut it may have greater use as a supplementary text in the undergraduate chemistry curriculum. \n\nThe book starts with a discussion of atomic structure and proceeds to the principal subject of chemical bonding. The material in the first chapter is necessarily quite condensed and is intended as a review. (For more details, the student is referred to R. M. Hochstrasser, Behavior of Electrons in  Atoms, Benjamin, New York, 1964). \n\nEach chapter in the bonding discussion is devoted to an important family of molecules. Chapters II through VII take up, in order, the principal molecular structures encountered as one proceeds from hydrogen through the second row of the periodic table. Thus, this part of the book discusses bonding in diatomic, linear triatomic, trigona1 planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, and angular triatomic molecules. Chapters VIII and IX present an introduction to modern ideas of bonding in organic molecules and transition metal complexes. Throughout, our artist has used small dots in drawing the boundary-surface pictures of orbitals. The dots are intended only to give a pleasing three-dimensional effect. Our drawings are not intended to be charge-cloud pictures. Charge-cloud pictures attempt to show the electronic charge density in an orbital as a function of the distance from the nucleus by varying the \"dot concentration.\" \n\nThe discussion of atomic structure does not start with the Schrödinger equation, hut with the Bohr theory. I believe most students appreciate the opportunity of learning the development of atomic theory in this century and can make the transition from orbits to orbitals without much difficulty. The student can also calculate several important physical quantities from the simple Bohr theory. At the end of the first chapter, there is a discussion of atomic-term symbols in the Russell-Saunders LSMLMs approximation. \n\nIn this book the molecular orbital theory is used to describe bonding in molecules. Where appropriate, the general molecular orbitals are compared with valence-bond and crystal-field descriptions. I have written this book for students who have had no training in group theory. Although symmetry principles are used throughout in the molecular orbital treatment, the formal group-theoretical methods are not employed, and only in Chapter IX are group-theoretical symbols used. Professor Carl Ballhausen and I are publishing an introductory lecture-note volume on molecular orbital theory, which was written as a slightly higher level than the present book. The lecture notes emphasize the application of group theory to electronic structural problems. \n\nThe present material includes problems integrated in the text; most of these are accompanied by the worked-out solutions. There are also a substantial number of problems and questions at the end of each chapter. \n\nIt is a great pleasure to acknowledge the unfailing support,\nencouragement, and devotion of the seventy-seven fellows who took the Columbia College course called Chemistry 10 in the spring of 1962. I doubt I shall ever have the privilege of working with a finer group. The class notes, written by Stephen Steinig and Robert Price, were of considerable help to me in preparing the first draft. \n\nI would like to thank Professors Ralph G. Pearson, John D. Roberts, and Arlen Viste for reading the manuscript and offering many helpful suggestions. Particularly I wish to thank one of my students, James Halper, who critically read the manuscript in every draft. Finally, a large vote of thanks goes to Diane Celeste.",
}