[ { "id": "authors:jre6r-k1s25", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jre6r-k1s25", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151006-150212735", "type": "book_section", "title": "Chemical vapor deposition membranes", "book_title": "Recent Advances in Gas Separation by Microporous Ceramic Membranes", "author": [ { "family_name": "Tsapatsis", "given_name": "M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5610-3525", "clpid": "Tsapatsis-M" }, { "family_name": "Gavalas", "given_name": "G. R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835", "clpid": "Gavalas-G-R" }, { "family_name": "Xomeritakis", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Xomeritakis-G" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Kanellopoulos", "given_name": "N. K.", "clpid": "Kanellopoulos-N-K" } ], "abstract": "This chapter is divided into four sections the first of which treats issues of general relevance to Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) of membranes, the second reviews work on dense silica membranes, the third is devoted to Y_2O_3-stabilized ZrO_2 (YSZ) membranes, and the fourth treats CVD of Pd membranes.", "doi": "10.1016/S0927-5193(00)80017-0", "isbn": "978-0-444-50272-8", "publisher": "Elsevier", "place_of_publication": "New York, NY", "publication_date": "2000", "pages": "397-416" }, { "id": "authors:jfsjk-5z444", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jfsjk-5z444", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151210-154115769", "type": "book_section", "title": "New Development in Hydrogen Perm Selective Membranes", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gavalas", "given_name": "George R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835", "clpid": "Gavalas-G-R" }, { "family_name": "Johnson", "given_name": "Richard A.", "clpid": "Johnson-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Venkataraman", "given_name": "Ventak K.", "clpid": "Venkataraman-V-K" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "McDaniel", "given_name": "Heather M.", "clpid": "McDaniel-H-M" }, { "family_name": "Staubly", "given_name": "Ronald K.", "clpid": "Staubly-R-K" }, { "family_name": "Venkataraman", "given_name": "Ventak K.", "clpid": "Venkataraman-V-K" } ], "abstract": "The objectives of the original project was to\ndevelop silica hydrogen permselective membranes\nand evaluate the economic feasibility of these\nmembranes in hydrogen production from coal gas.\nThe objectives of the work reported here were to\nincrease the membrane permeance by developing\nnew precursors or deposition conditions, and to\ncarry out fundamental permeability measurements\nof the membrane at different stages of pore\nnarrowing.", "publisher": "U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center", "publication_date": "1994-10-01" }, { "id": "authors:gq5zj-tz335", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gq5zj-tz335", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151106-081103425", "type": "book_section", "title": "Combustion Behavior of Carbon Cenospheres Derived from Pyrolysis of Residual Oil in Furnaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Northrop", "given_name": "P. S.", "clpid": "Northrop-P-S" }, { "family_name": "Levendis", "given_name": "Y. A.", "clpid": "Levendis-Y-A" }, { "family_name": "Gavalas", "given_name": "G. R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835", "clpid": "Gavalas-G-R" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Gouldin", "given_name": "F. C.", "clpid": "Gouldin-F-C" } ], "abstract": "The combustion behavior of solid carbonaceous particles derived from the pyrolysis of heavy petroleum fuel has been investigated. These particles are generated in residual oil-fired furnaces from pyrolysis of petroleum fuels in the cooler and fuel-rich regions of the furnace. They are large, ash-rich cenospheres that remain unburned in the effluent gases, degrading performance and causing emission problems in utility and industrial furnaces. In order to eliminate the problems related to these residual particles, current research is aimed at (a) the prevention of their formation by improving atomization and evaporation processes[l-3] and (b) oxidative destruction of any formed cenospheres in the combustion chamber by increasing turbulence and mixing, increasing residence time, etc. The results of the investigation described herein are pertinent to the second approach.", "publisher": "Combustion Institute", "publication_date": "1990-12" }, { "id": "authors:a7b9n-be266", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a7b9n-be266", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151105-153703909", "type": "book_section", "title": "Stability of H_2-Permselective SiO_2 Films Formed by Chemical Vapor Deposition", "book_title": "Membrane reactor technology", "author": [ { "family_name": "Nam", "given_name": "S. W.", "clpid": "Nam-S-W" }, { "family_name": "Gavalas", "given_name": "G. R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835", "clpid": "Gavalas-G-R" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Govind", "given_name": "Rakesh", "clpid": "Govind-R" }, { "family_name": "Naotsugu", "given_name": "Itoh", "clpid": "Naotsugu-Itoh" } ], "abstract": "Thin SiO_2 films were heat treated in different gas mixtures to determine their stability in functioning as high-temperature hydrogen permselective membranes. The films were formed within the walls of porous Vycor tubes by SiH_4 oxidation in an opposing reactants geometry. Film deposition was carried out at 450 \u00b0C in the presence and absence of water vapor. Immediately after formation, the films were highly selective to hydrogen permeation having a H_2:N_2 permeability ratio of about 3000 : 1. The films were subsequently heat treated at 450-700\u00b0C in dry N_2, dry O_2, N_2- H_2O, and O_2-H_2O mixtures. The permeation rates of H_2 and N_2 changed depending on the original conditions of film formation as well as on the heat treatment. Heating in dry N_2 reduced slowly the permeation rates of both H_2 and N_2. Heating in N_2-H_2O atmosphere led to a steeper decline of H_2 permeability. But the permeation rate of N_2 increased or decreased according to whether the film deposition had been carried out in the absence or presence of H_2O vapor, respectively. Thermal treatment in O_2 caused rapid decline of the permeation rates of H_2 and N_2 in films that were deposited under dry conditions. The decline was moderate in films deposited under wet conditions.", "isbn": "9780816904648", "publisher": "American Institute of Chemical Engineers", "place_of_publication": "New York, NY", "publication_date": "1989", "pages": "68-74" }, { "id": "authors:xwwgq-x1237", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xwwgq-x1237", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151106-090106075", "type": "book_section", "title": "Alkali-Alumina Sorbents for Regenerable SO_2 Removal in Fluidized-Coal Combustion", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gavalas", "given_name": "George R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835", "clpid": "Gavalas-G-R" }, { "family_name": "Weston", "given_name": "Theresa A.", "clpid": "Weston-T-A" }, { "family_name": "Stephanopoulos", "given_name": "Maria F.", "clpid": "Stephanopoulos-M-F" } ], "abstract": "Sodium and sodium-lithium oxides supported on porous alumina have been investigated as regenerable SO_2 sorbents for fluidized coal combustion. In adsorption the oxides are converted to sulfates. In regeneration, carried out by reduction with CO, the sulfates are converted back to oxides while sulfur is removed in elemental form (S_2), SO_2 and COS. The transient composition of sorbent and gaseous products was measured in a thermogravimetric analyzer and a packed-bed microreactor in order to delineate the basic chemistry of regeneration and determine conditions that maximize the yield of elemental sulfur.", "publisher": "Department of Energy", "publication_date": "1985" }, { "id": "authors:c0x5j-kwc16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c0x5j-kwc16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151104-112515809", "type": "book_section", "title": "Functional Group Analysis of Coal Liquids", "book_title": "Magnetic Resonance : Introduction, Advanced Topics and Applications to Fossil Energy", "author": [ { "family_name": "Allen", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Allen-D" }, { "family_name": "Petrakis", "given_name": "L.", "clpid": "Petrakis-L" }, { "family_name": "Grandy", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Grandy-D" }, { "family_name": "Gavalas", "given_name": "G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835", "clpid": "Gavalas-G-R" }, { "family_name": "Gates", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Gates-B" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Petrakis", "given_name": "Leonidas", "clpid": "Petrakis-L" }, { "family_name": "Fraissard", "given_name": "Jacques P.", "clpid": "Fraissard-J-P" } ], "abstract": "A new method of structural analysis is applied to a group of hydroliquefied coal samples. The method uses elemental analysis and NMR data to estimate the concentrations of functional groups in the samples. The structural characterization of these samples demonstrates that estimates of functional group concentrations can be used to provide detailed structural profiles of complex mixtures and to obtain limited information about reaction pathways.", "doi": "10.1007/978-94-009-6378-8_37", "isbn": "9789027717528", "publisher": "Kluwer Academic Publishers", "place_of_publication": "Dordrecht, Netherlands", "publication_date": "1984", "pages": "699-707" }, { "id": "authors:d574q-1hs54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "d574q-1hs54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151008-112331561", "type": "book_section", "title": "Coal Desulfurization by Low-Temperature Chlorinolysis", "book_title": "Coal Desulfurization: Chemical and Physical Methods", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hsu", "given_name": "George C.", "clpid": "Hsu-George-C" }, { "family_name": "Kalvinskas", "given_name": "John J.", "clpid": "Kalvinskas-J-J" }, { "family_name": "Ganguli", "given_name": "Partha S.", "clpid": "Ganguli-P-S" }, { "family_name": "Gavalas", "given_name": "George R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835", "clpid": "Gavalas-G-R" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Wheelock", "given_name": "Thomas D.", "clpid": "Wheelock-T-D" } ], "abstract": "Since most of the coals in this country, particularly the eastern and mid-western coals, have a high sulfur content (>2%), there is a need for an economical process of converting high-sulfur coals to clean fuel (<1.2 lbs of SO_2 emission per million Btu by EPA standards) so that coal can be used as a source of energy without causing serious air pollution. \n\nAmong the three principal methods for precombustion desulfurization of coal - physical depyriting, chemical desulfurization, and coal conversion to low-sulfur liquid and gaseous fuels, the potential of chemical methods looks promising in terms of both total sulfur removal and processing cost. The principal chemical methods for coal desulfurization involve treatment with either oxidizing agents or basic media at elevated temperature and pressure. For example, the method of oxidation by contacting an aqueous slurry of coal with air at pressures up to 1000 psi and temperatures.", "doi": "10.1021/bk-1977-0064.ch017", "isbn": "9780841204003", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "1977-06-01", "pages": "206-217" } ]