\n
\n\n
\n\n
\n© 2023 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
\n[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3k6er-a3z14", "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2024-02-21 00:10:56", "lastmod": "2024-02-21 00:10:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Marten-Ruby", "name": { "family": "Marten", "given": "Ruby" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0417-4350" }, { "name": { "family": "Xiao", "given": "Mao" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" } }, { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "Weimeng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1014-1360" }, { "name": { "family": "Pfeifer", "given": "Joschka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9172-4447" }, { "name": { "family": "Marie", "given": "Guillaume" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1454-0908" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Dongyu S." } }, { "name": { "family": "Elser", "given": "Miriam" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5352-329X" }, { "name": { "family": "Baccarini", "given": "Andrea" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4614-247X" }, { "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Chuan Ping" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0051-8179" }, { "name": { "family": "Amorim", "given": "Antonio" } }, { "name": { "family": "Baalbaki", "given": "Rima" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4480-2107" }, { "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "David M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3958-2138" }, { "name": { "family": "Bertozzi", "given": "Barbara" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2571-6585" }, { "name": { "family": "Caudillo", "given": "Luc\u00eda" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7290-6675" }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1105-9043" }, { "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8819-0264" }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8349-3714" }, { "name": { "family": "Heinritzi", "given": "Martin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9171-8127" }, { "name": { "family": "Lampim\u00e4ki", "given": "Markus" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1990-6155" }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-2706" }, { "name": { "family": "Manninen", "given": "Hanna E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0419-4020" }, { "name": { "family": "Mentler", "given": "Bernhard" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3852-0397" }, { "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9946-9762" }, { "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1881-9044" }, { "name": { "family": "Philippov", "given": "Maxim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4302-0020" }, { "name": { "family": "R\u00f6rup", "given": "Birte" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8755-9453" }, { "name": { "family": "Scholz", "given": "Wiebke" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2617-620X" }, { "name": { "family": "Shen", "given": "Jiali" } }, { "name": { "family": "Tham", "given": "Yee Jun" } }, { "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Andrea C." } }, { "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Stefan K." } }, { "name": { "family": "Zauner-Wieczorek", "given": "Marcel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0867-665X" }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0899-1369" }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "name": { "family": "Dommen", "given": "Josef" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0006-0009" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "McPherson Donahue", "given": "Neil" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5166-6353" }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "name": { "family": "El Haddad", "given": "Imad" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2461-7238" } ] }, "title": "Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; Environmental Chemistry; Chemistry (miscellaneous); Analytical Chemistry", "note": "
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence.
\n\nWe thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received funding from the European Community (EC) Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union (EU) H2020 programme (Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITN CLOUD-TRAIN grant number 316662 and CLOUD-MOTION grant number 764991); European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 895875 (“NPF-PANDA”); the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021 169090, 200020 172602, 20FI20 172622, and 200021 213071); the US National Science Foundation (NSF; grant numbers AGS1801574, AGS-NUC-1801897, and AGS132089); the German Ministry of Science and Education (project CLOUD-16, 01LK1601A), ACCC Flagship funded by the Academy of Finland grant number 337549; Academy professorship funded by the Academy of Finland (grant no. 302958); Academy of Finland projects no. 325656, 316114, 314798, 325647, 341349 and 349659; “Quantifying carbon sink, CarbonSink+ and their interaction with air quality” INAR project funded by Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation; Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation project “Air pollution cocktail in Gigacity”, European Research Council (ERC) project ATM-GTP Contract No. 742206; the Arena for the gap analysis of the existing Arctic Science Co-Operations (AASCO) funded by Prince Albert Foundation Contract No. 2859; and the Portuguese Science Foundation, FCT, project CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019. This research was performed before the invasion of Ukraine by Russia on 24 February 2022.
\n\nConceptualization: R. M., M. X., M. W., J. Dommen, J. K., N. M. D., H. L., U. B. and I. E. H., resources, prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments: R. M., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., J. P., G. M., D. S. W., A. B., C. P. L., A. A., D. M. B., R. B., L. C., L. D., J. Duplissy, H. F., M. H., K. L., H. E. M., B. M., T. P., M. P., B. R., W. S., J. S., Y. J. T., A. T., A. C. W., S. K. W., M. Z.-W., J. K., H. L., and I. E. H. Investigation: R. M., M. X., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., J. P., G. M., D. S. W., A. B., C. P. L., R. B., D. M. B., B. B., L. C., L. D., J. Duplissy, H. F., M. H., M. L., H. E. M, B. M., W. S., J. S., Y. J. T., A. C. W., S. K. W., M. Z.-W., J. K., H. L., and I. E. H. Formal analysis: R. M., M. W., W. K., X. H., D. S., J. P., G. M., D. S. W., S. K. W., H. L., and I. E. H. Scientific discussion: R. M., M. X., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., D. B., L. D., K. L., J. Dommen, R. C. F., J. K., N. M. D., H. L., U. B., and I. E. H. Writing: R. M., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., J. Dommen, J. K., N. M. D., H. L., U. B., and I. E. H.
\n\nThere are no conflicts to declare.
", "abstract": "Aerosols formed and grown by gas-to-particle processes are a major contributor to smog and haze in megacities, despite the competition between growth and loss rates. Rapid growth rates from ammonium nitrate formation have the potential to sustain particle number in typical urban polluted conditions. This process requires supersaturation of gas-phase ammonia and nitric acid with respect to ammonium nitrate saturation ratios. Urban environments are inhomogeneous. In the troposphere, vertical mixing is fast, and aerosols may experience rapidly changing temperatures. In areas close to sources of pollution, gas-phase concentrations can also be highly variable. In this work we present results from nucleation experiments at −10 °C and 5 °C in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We verify, using a kinetic model, how long supersaturation is likely to be sustained under urban conditions with temperature and concentration inhomogeneities, and the impact it may have on the particle size distribution. We show that rapid and strong temperature changes of 1 °C min−1 are needed to cause rapid growth of nanoparticles through ammonium nitrate formation. Furthermore, inhomogeneous emissions of ammonia in cities may also cause rapid growth of particles.
\n\u00a9 2023 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. This is an article distributed under the terms of the Science Journals Default License.
\n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We thank the CSC IT Center for Science in Espoo, Finland, for computing time.
\n\nThis work was supported by Research Council of Finland ACCC Flagship nos. 337549 and 337552; Research Council of Finland professorship (302958); Research Council of Finland Centre of Excellence nos. 346371, 346372, and 346373; Research Council of Finland project nos. 335844, 334514, 345125, 325656, 316114, 314798, 325647, 353836, 341349, 346372, 296628, and 349659; European Research Council (ERC) project nos. 742206, 714621, 616075, and 101002728; Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement nos. 316662, 701647, 895875, and 764991; National Natural Science Foundation of China grant nos. 42175118 and 22236004; the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC3701000, Task 1); Swiss National Science Foundation grant nos. 200021_169090, 200021_213071, 206021_198140, 200020_172602, and 20FI20_172622; US National Science Foundation grants nos. AGS-2132089, AGS-1801897, AGS-1801574, AGS-1801280, AGS-2027252, AGS-2215522, AGS-1602086, AGS-1801329, and AGS-2215527; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) project no. 01LK1601A; and Portuguese Science Foundation project CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019. R.C.T. and M.K. thank the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation for funding. M.K. received funding from Prince Albert Foundation contract no. 2859. M.W. thanks the Schmidt Science Fellowship for support. X.-C.H. and M.K. thank the Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation for funding.
\n\nX.-C.H., J.Kir., M.Sip., and M.K. planned the experiments. X.-C.H., M.Sim., B.R., J.S., H.F., D.S., A.B., Y.J.T., M.W., S.A., A.A.P., A.A., R.B., Z.B., L.C., B.C., L.D., J.D., I.E.H., R.C.F., M.G., M.H., V.H., W.K., J.Kre., A.K., H.L., B.L., N.G.A.M., V.M., H.E.M., G.M., R.M., D.M., R.L.M., B.M., A.O., T.P., J.P., M.P., M.P.R., S.S., W.S., B.S., M.Sur., A.T., A.C.W., D.W., Y.W., S.K.W., A.W., P.M.W., M.Z.-W., J.Kir., U.B., K.L., J.C., R.V., M.Sip., and M.K. prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments. X.-C.H., M.Sim., S.I., B.R., J.S., H.F., D.S., A.B., Y.J.T., A.A., R.B., L.C., L.D., J.D., I.E.H., M.G., M.H., V.H., T.J., D.K., W.K., J.Kre., H.L., B.L., N.G.A.M., V.M., H.E.M., G.M., R.M., D.M., R.LM., B.M., J.P., A.R., W.S., R.C.T., A.C.W., D.W., S.K.W., M.Z.-W., J.Kir., J.C., and R.V. collected the data. X.-C.H., S.I., H.-B.X., H.F., D.S., R.Z., Y.J.T., L.C., L.D., R.C.F., F.M., W.S., R.C.T., S.K.W., P.M.W., T.K. and D.R.W. analyzed the data. X.-C.H., N.M.D. and J.Kir. wrote the manuscript with contributions from S.I., H.-B.X., B.R. and R.Z. X.-C.H., M.Sim., S.I., H.-B.X., B.R., J.S., H.F., D.S., R.Z., A.B., L.D., J.D., I.E.H., R.C.F., A.H., H.L., N.G.A.M., T.P., S.S., W.S., R.C.T., A.C.W., J.Kir., U.B., K.L., J.C., T.K., D.R.W., R.V., N.M.D., M.Sip. and M.K. commented on and edited the manuscript.
\n\nData for all figures in the main text and supplementary materials are available at the Zenodo repository (43). Correspondence and additional requests for materials should be addressed to X.-C.H. (institutional email: xucheng.he@helsinki.fi; permanent email: xuchenghe93@gmail.com).
\n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.
", "abstract": "The main nucleating vapor in the atmosphere is thought to be sulfuric acid (H\u2082SO\u2084), stabilized by ammonia (NH\u2083). However, in marine and polar regions, NH\u2083 is generally low, and H\u2082SO\u2084 is frequently found together with iodine oxoacids [HIO\u2093, i.e., iodic acid (HIO\u2083) and iodous acid (HIO\u2082)]. In experiments performed with the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we investigated the interplay of H\u2082SO\u2084and HIO\u2093 during atmospheric particle nucleation. We found that HIO\u2093 greatly enhances H\u2082SO\u2084(-NH\u2083) nucleation through two different interactions. First, HIO\u2083 strongly binds with H\u2082SO\u2084 in charged clusters so they drive particle nucleation synergistically. Second, HIO\u2082 substitutes for NH\u2083 , forming strongly bound H\u2082SO\u2084-HIO\u2082 acid-base pairs in molecular clusters. Global observations imply that HIO x is enhancing H\u2082SO\u2084(-NH\u2083) nucleation rates 10- to 10,000-fold in marine and polar regions.
", "date": "2023-12-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "382", "number": "6676", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "1308-1314", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mx5dh-72g40", "funders": { "items": [ { "grant_number": "742206" }, { "grant_number": "714621" }, { "grant_number": "616075" }, { "grant_number": "101002728" }, { "grant_number": "316662" }, { "grant_number": "701647" }, { "grant_number": "895875" }, { "grant_number": "764991" }, { "grant_number": "42175118" }, { "grant_number": "22236004" }, { "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "grant_number": "200021_213071" }, { "grant_number": "206021_198140" }, { "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "grant_number": "AGS-2132089" }, { "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "grant_number": "AGS-2027252" }, { "grant_number": "AGS-2215522" }, { "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "grant_number": "AGS-2215527" }, { "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019" }, {}, { "grant_number": "2859" }, {}, {} ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.adh2526", "primary_object": { "basename": "science.adh2526_sm.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mx5dh-72g40/files/science.adh2526_sm.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "He, Xu-Cheng; Simon, Mario; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/61t7s-8n884", "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2024-01-10 23:38:09", "lastmod": "2024-01-10 23:38:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pushpawela-Buddhi", "name": { "family": "Pushpawela", "given": "Buddhi" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3633-4104" }, { "id": "Chea-Peter", "name": { "family": "Chea", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0009-0005-0774-6715" }, { "id": "Ward-Ryan", "name": { "family": "Ward", "given": "Ryan" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2317-3310" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Quantification of face seal leakage using parallel resistance model", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Condensed Matter Physics; Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes; Mechanics of Materials; Computational Mechanics; Mechanical Engineering", "note": " \n\nBuddhi Pushpawela: Conceptualization (equal); Data curation (equal); Formal analysis (equal); Methodology (equal); Supervision (equal); Writing – original draft (equal). Peter Chea: Formal analysis (equal); Methodology (equal); Writing – original draft (equal). Ryan Ward: Methodology (equal). Richard C. Flagan: Conceptualization (equal); Project administration (equal); Supervision (equal); Writing – review & editing (equal).
\nThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
\nThe authors have no conflicts to disclose.
\nPublished - acp-23-6703-2023.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-23-6703-2023-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Aerosol particles have an important role in Earth's radiation balance and climate, both directly and indirectly through aerosol\u2013cloud interactions. Most aerosol particles in the atmosphere are weakly charged, affecting both their collision rates with ions and neutral molecules, as well as the rates by which they are scavenged by other aerosol particles and cloud droplets. The rate coefficients between ions and aerosol particles are important since they determine the growth rates and lifetimes of ions and charged aerosol particles, and so they may influence cloud microphysics, dynamics, and aerosol processing. However, despite their importance, very few experimental measurements exist of charged aerosol collision rates under atmospheric conditions, where galactic cosmic rays in the lower troposphere give rise to ion pair concentrations of around 1000\u2009cm\u207b\u00b3. Here we present measurements in the CERN CLOUD chamber of the rate coefficients between ions and small (<10\u2009nm) aerosol particles containing up to 9 elementary charges, e. We find the rate coefficient of a singly charged ion with an oppositely charged particle increases from 2.0 (0.4\u20134.4)\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u207b\u2076\u2009cm\u00b3\u2009s\u207b\u00b9 to 30.6 (24.9\u201345.1)\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u207b\u2076\u2009cm\u00b3\u2009s\u207b\u00b9 for particles with charges of 1 to 9\u2009e, respectively, where the parentheses indicate the \u00b11\u03c3 uncertainty interval. Our measurements are compatible with theoretical predictions and show excellent agreement with the model of Gatti and Kortshagen (2008).", "date": "2023-06-20", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "23", "number": "12", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "6703-6718", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230726-216909500.13", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230726-216909500.13", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "895875" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "337549" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "302958" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "325656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "316114" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "314798" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "325647" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "341349" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "349659" }, { "agency": "Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation" }, { "agency": "Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "Prince Albert Foundation", "grant_number": "2859" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-23-6703-2023", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-23-6703-2023-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/et1m9-t5022/files/acp-23-6703-2023-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-23-6703-2023.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/et1m9-t5022/files/acp-23-6703-2023.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Pfeifer, Joschka; Mahfouz, Naser G. A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pgaft-ed992", "eprint_id": 122129, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 21:10:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:00:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Caudillo-Luc\u00eda", "name": { "family": "Caudillo", "given": "Luc\u00eda" } }, { "name": { "family": "Surdu", "given": "Mihnea" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1815-2750" }, { "name": { "family": "Lopez", "given": "Brandon" } }, { "id": "Wang-Mingyi", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5782-2513" }, { "name": { "family": "Thoma", "given": "Markus" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8032-3760" }, { "name": { "family": "Br\u00e4kling", "given": "Steffen" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8600-6777" }, { "name": { "family": "Buchholz", "given": "Angela" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7119-1452" }, { "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4900-7460" }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Andrea C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3159-9434" }, { "name": { "family": "M\u00fcller", "given": "Tatjana" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6453-9134" }, { "name": { "family": "Granzin", "given": "Manuel" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6734-9811" }, { "name": { "family": "Heinritzi", "given": "Martin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9171-8127" }, { "name": { "family": "Amorim", "given": "Antonio" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0638-2321" }, { "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "David M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3958-2138" }, { "name": { "family": "Brasseur", "given": "Zo\u00e9" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5387-018X" }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1105-9043" }, { "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8819-0264" }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8349-3714" }, { "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7416-306X" }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5166-6353" }, { "name": { "family": "Mahfouz", "given": "Naser G. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7097-1430" }, { "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2242-1055" }, { "name": { "family": "Manninen", "given": "Hanna E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0419-4020" }, { "name": { "family": "Marie", "given": "Guillaume" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1454-0908" }, { "name": { "family": "Marten", "given": "Ruby" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0417-4350" }, { "name": { "family": "Mauldin", "given": "Roy L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8569-8561" }, { "name": { "family": "Mentler", "given": "Bernhard" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3852-0397" }, { "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9946-9762" }, { "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1881-9044" }, { "name": { "family": "Pfeifer", "given": "Joschka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9172-4447" }, { "name": { "family": "Philippov", "given": "Maxim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4302-0020" }, { "name": { "family": "Piedehierro", "given": "Ana A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1900-8139" }, { "name": { "family": "R\u00f6rup", "given": "Birte" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8755-9453" }, { "name": { "family": "Scholz", "given": "Wiebke" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2617-620X" }, { "name": { "family": "Shen", "given": "Jiali" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8701-7929" }, { "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1014-1360" }, { "name": { "family": "Tauber", "given": "Christian" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1453-1067" }, { "name": { "family": "Tian", "given": "Ping" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8795-5605" }, { "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9144-7120" }, { "name": { "family": "Umo", "given": "Nsikanabasi Silas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2571-163X" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Dongyu S." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7549-1578" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Yonghong" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2498-9143" }, { "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Stefan K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7408-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Welti", "given": "Andr\u00e9" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3549-1212" }, { "name": { "family": "Zauner-Wieczorek", "given": "Marcel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0867-665X" }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1062-2394" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-2706" }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "name": { "family": "El Haddad", "given": "Imad" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2461-7238" }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "name": { "family": "Vogel", "given": "Alexander L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1293-6370" }, { "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" } ] }, "title": "An intercomparison study of four different techniques for measuring the chemical composition of nanoparticles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atmospheric Science", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. \n\nWe thank CERN for providing the CLOUD facility to perform the experiments and the CLOUD community for supporting this study. We especially would like to thank Katja Ivanova, Timo Keber, Frank Malkemper, Robert Sitals, Hanna Elina Manninen, Antti Onnela, and Robert Kristic for their contributions to the experiment.\n\nThis research has been supported by the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (CLOUD-MOTION, grant no. 764991, and PSI-FELLOW-II-3i, grant no. 701647); the Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (CLOUD-16, grant no. 01LK1601A); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant no. 410009325); the National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGS-1801280, AGS-1801574, AGS-1801897, AGS-1602086, and AGS-18801329); the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (grant nos. 200020_172602 and 20FI20_172622); CERN (grant no. CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019); the Academy of Finland (grant nos. 325656, 316114, 314798, 325647, 341349, and 337549); the European Research Council, HORIZON EUROPE (ATM-GTP, grant no. 742206); and the Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation (grant no. 2859). \n\nAuthor contributions\nLC, MS, BL, MW, SB, TM, MG, ZB, LD, JD, HF, XCH, HL, NGAM, VM, HEM, GM, RM, RLM, BM, AO, TP, JP, MP, AAP, BR, WS, JS, PT, AT, NSU, DSW, SKW, ACW, WY, MZW, UB, JK, MK, KL, IEH, NMD, AK, and JC prepared the CLOUD facility and measurement instruments. LC, MS, BL, MW, SB, TM, MG, AA, DMB, LD, JD, HF, XCH, HL, NGAM, VM, GM, RLM, BM, JS, CT, AT, NSU, DSW, SKW, MZW, and JK collected the data. LC, MS, BL, MW, MT, SB, AB, SKW, and JC analyzed the data. LC, MS, BL, MW, MT, AB, MSim, ACW, MH, DMB, LD, TP, DS, RCF, AH, MK, KL, DW, IEH, NMD, ALV, AK, and JC contributed to the scientific discussion and interpretation of the results. LC, AB, UB, RCF, and JC contributed to the writing of the manuscript. \n\nData availability. Data related to this article are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding authors. \n\nThe supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6613-2023-supplement.\n\nPublished - acp-23-6613-2023.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-23-6613-2023-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Abstract. Currently, the complete chemical characterization of nanoparticles (<\u2009100\u2009nm) represents an analytical challenge, since these particles are abundant in number but have negligible mass. Several methods for particle-phase characterization have been recently developed to better detect and infer more accurately the sources and fates of sub-100\u2009nm particles, but a detailed comparison of different approaches is missing. Here we report on the chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) nanoparticles from experimental studies of \u03b1-pinene ozonolysis at \u221250, \u221230, and \u221210\u2009\u00b0C and intercompare the results measured by different techniques. The experiments were performed at the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). The chemical composition was measured simultaneously by four different techniques: (1) thermal desorption\u2013differential mobility analyzer (TD\u2013DMA) coupled to a NO\u207b\u2083 chemical ionization\u2013atmospheric-pressure-interface\u2013time-of-flight (CI\u2013APi\u2013TOF) mass spectrometer, (2) filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO) coupled to an I\u207b high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HRToF-CIMS), (3) extractive electrospray Na\u207a ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF), and (4) offline analysis of filters (FILTER) using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and heated electrospray ionization (HESI) coupled to an Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Intercomparison was performed by contrasting the observed chemical composition as a function of oxidation state and carbon number, by estimating the volatility and comparing the fraction of volatility classes, and by comparing the thermal desorption behavior (for the thermal desorption techniques: TD\u2013DMA and FIGAERO) and performing positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis for the thermograms. We found that the methods generally agree on the most important compounds that are found in the nanoparticles. However, they do see different parts of the organic spectrum. We suggest potential explanations for these differences: thermal decomposition, aging, sampling artifacts, etc. We applied PMF analysis and found insights of thermal decomposition in the TD\u2013DMA and the FIGAERO.", "date": "2023-06-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "23", "number": "11", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "6613-6631", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230705-942391700.13", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230705-942391700.13", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "701647" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DGF)", "grant_number": "410009325" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "CERN", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "325656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "316114" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "314798" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "325647" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "341349" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "337549" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation", "grant_number": "2859" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-23-6613-2023", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-23-6613-2023-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pgaft-ed992/files/acp-23-6613-2023-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-23-6613-2023.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pgaft-ed992/files/acp-23-6613-2023.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2023", "author_list": "Caudillo, Luc\u00eda; Surdu, Mihnea; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qm4x7-asn09", "eprint_id": 117407, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 17:54:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:31:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Shen-Jiali", "name": { "family": "Shen", "given": "Jiali" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8701-7929" }, { "name": { "family": "Scholz", "given": "Wiebke" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2617-620X" }, { "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7416-306X" }, { "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Putian" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0803-7337" }, { "name": { "family": "Marie", "given": "Guillaume" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1454-0908" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5782-2513" }, { "name": { "family": "Marten", "given": "Ruby" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0417-4350" }, { "name": { "family": "Surdu", "given": "Mihnea" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1815-2750" }, { "name": { "family": "R\u00f6rup", "given": "Birte" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8755-9453" }, { "name": { "family": "Baalbaki", "given": "Rima" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4480-2107" }, { "name": { "family": "Amorim", "given": "Antonio" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0638-2321" }, { "name": { "family": "Ataei", "given": "Farnoush" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8038-649X" }, { "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "David M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3958-2138" }, { "name": { "family": "Bertozzi", "given": "Barbara" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2571-6585" }, { "name": { "family": "Brasseur", "given": "Zo\u00e9" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5387-018X" }, { "name": { "family": "Caudillo", "given": "Luc\u00eda" } }, { "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Dexian" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6963-5205" }, { "name": { "family": "Chu", "given": "Biwu" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7548-5669" }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1105-9043" }, { "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8819-0264" }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8349-3714" }, { "name": { "family": "Granzin", "given": "Manuel" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6734-9811" }, { "name": { "family": "Guida", "given": "Roberto" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8413-9672" }, { "name": { "family": "Heinritzi", "given": "Martin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9171-8127" }, { "name": { "family": "Hofbauer", "given": "Victoria" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9036-4446" }, { "name": { "family": "Iyer", "given": "Siddharth" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5989-609X" }, { "name": { "family": "Kemppainen", "given": "Deniz" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8282-0501" }, { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "Weimeng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "name": { "family": "Krechmer", "given": "Jordan E." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3642-0659" }, { "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5166-6353" }, { "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Chuan Ping" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0051-8179" }, { "name": { "family": "Lopez", "given": "Brandon" } }, { "name": { "family": "Mahfouz", "given": "Naser G. 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Published by American Chemical Society. Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). \n\nThis research has received funding from the Academy of Finland ACCC Flagship (no. 337549), the Academy of Finland Academy professorship (no. 302958), the Academy of Finland (nos. 307331, 337550, 296628, 328290), the European Research Council (ERC) (Projects 742206, 714621, 101002728, and 850614); the EU H2020 programme Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITN \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" (764991), the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021_169090, 200020_172602, 20FI20_172622), the US National Science Foundation (no. AGS1531284, AGS1801574, AGS1801897, AGS1801280, AGS2215522); the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie no. 895875 \"NPF-PANDA\"), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (no. CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019), the Swedish Research Council Formas Project (no. 2018-01745-COBACCA), the Swedish Research Council VR Project (no. 2019-05006), the Crafoord Foundation Project (no. 20210969), EU H2020 project FORCeS (no. 821205), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, CLOUD-16 (01LK1601A), and the doctoral scholarship (2021/1) of the University of Innsbruck. \n\nThe authors thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. \n\nAuthor Contributions. J.S., X.-C.H., and M.Sip. planned the experiments. J.S., W.S., X.-C.H., G.M., M.W., R.M., B.R., R.B., L.C., F.A., D.M.B., B.B., Z.B., D.C., B.C., L.D., J.D., H.F., M.G., R.G., M.H., V.H., W.K., J.E.K., A.K., H.L., C.P.L., B.L., N.G.A.M., H.E.M., D.M., R.L.M., B.M., T.M., T.P., J.P., M.P., A.A.P., S.S., M.Si., M.Su., Y.J.T., A.T., N.S.U., D.W., Y.Wang., S.K.W., A.W., Y.Wu., M.Z.-W., U.B., J.C., R.C.F., R.V., O.M., K.M., K.L., M.R., J.K., I.E.-H., F.B., and M.Sip. prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments. J.S., W.S., X.-C.H., G.M., M.W., R.M., B.R., R.B., L.C., A.A., F.A., D.M.B., B.B., D.C., J.D., H.F., M.G., M.H., V.H., D.K., W.K., J.E.K., H.L., C.P.L., B.L., N.G.A.M., D.M., R.L.M., B.M., T.M., J.P., M.Sim., M.Su., Y.J.T., A.T., D.W., S.K.W., Y.Wu., M.Z.-W., J.C., R.C.F., R.V., and J.K. collected the data. J.S., W.S., X.-C.H., P.Z., G.M., M.W., R.M., B.R., L.C., S.I., J.K., M.Sim., M.Su., and S.K.W. analyzed the data. J.S., W.S., X.-C.H., P.Z., S.I., P.R., M.Sim., D.S., R.W.D.J., U.B., J.C., R.C.F., A.H., K.M., K.L., M.R., J.K., I.E.-H., F.B., M.Sip., N.M.D., and D.R.W. contributed to the scientific discussion. J.S. and N.M.D. wrote the manuscript with contributions from W.S., X.-C.H., M.R., J.K., I.E.-H., F.B., and D.R.W. J.S., W.S., X.-C.H., P.Z., R.B., Z.B., J.D., H.F., N.G.A.M., R.G., P.R., R.W.D.J., S.S., D.S., D.W., M.Z.-W., U.B., M.R., J.K., I.E.-H., F.B., M.S., N.M.D., and D.R.W. commented on and edited the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interest.\n\nPublished - es2c05154.pdf
Supplemental Material - es2c05154_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) influences climate via cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation resulting from its oxidation products (mainly methanesulfonic acid, MSA, and sulfuric acid, H\u2082SO\u2084). Despite their importance, accurate prediction of MSA and H2SO4 from DMS oxidation remains challenging. With comprehensive experiments carried out in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at CERN, we show that decreasing the temperature from +25 to \u221210 \u00b0C enhances the gas-phase MSA production by an order of magnitude from OH-initiated DMS oxidation, while H\u2082SO\u2084 production is modestly affected. This leads to a gas-phase H\u2082SO\u2084-to-MSA ratio (H\u2082SO\u2084/MSA) smaller than one at low temperatures, consistent with field observations in polar regions. With an updated DMS oxidation mechanism, we find that methanesulfinic acid, CH\u2083S(O)OH, MSIA, forms large amounts of MSA. Overall, our results reveal that MSA yields are a factor of 2\u201310 higher than those predicted by the widely used Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.3.1), and the NO\u2093 effect is less significant than that of temperature. Our updated mechanism explains the high MSA production rates observed in field observations, especially at low temperatures, thus, substantiating the greater importance of MSA in the natural sulfur cycle and natural CCN formation. Our mechanism will improve the interpretation of present-day and historical gas-phase H\u2082SO\u2084/MSA measurements.", "date": "2022-10-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "56", "number": "19", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "13931-13944", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20221013-48885100.19", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221013-48885100.19", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "337549" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "302958" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "307331" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "337550" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "296628" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "328290" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "714621" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "101002728" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "850614" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1531284" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-2215522" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "895875" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "2018-01745-COBACCA" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "2019-05006" }, { "agency": "Crafoord Foundation", "grant_number": "20210969" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "821205" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "University of Innsbruck", "grant_number": "2021/1" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/acs.est.2c05154", "pmcid": "PMC9535848", "primary_object": { "basename": "es2c05154.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qm4x7-asn09/files/es2c05154.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "es2c05154_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qm4x7-asn09/files/es2c05154_si_001.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Shen, Jiali; 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This research has received funding from the US National Science Foundation (nos. AGS-1801574, AGS-1801897, AGS-1602086, AGS-1801329, AGS-2132089 and AGS-1801280), the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme (Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie ITN no. 764991 'CLOUD-MOTION'), the European Commission, H2020 Research Infrastructures (FORCeS, no. 821205), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie no. 895875 'NPF-PANDA'), a European Research Council (ERC) project ATM-GTP contract (no. 742206), an ERC-CoG grant INTEGRATE (no. 867599), the Swiss National Science Foundation (nos. 200021_169090, 200020_172602 and 20FI20_172622), the Academy of Finland ACCC Flagship (no. 337549), the Academy of Finland Academy professorship (no. 302958), the Academy of Finland (nos. 1325656, 316114 and 325647), Russian MegaGrant project 'Megapolis \u2013 heat and pollution island: interdisciplinary hydroclimatic, geochemical and ecological analysis' (application reference 2020-220-08-5835), Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation 'Quantifying carbon sink, CarbonSink+ and their interaction with air quality' INAR project, Samsung PM2.5 SRP, Prince Albert Foundation 'the Arena for the gap analysis of the existing Arctic Science Co-Operations (AASCO)' (no. 2859), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (CLOUD-16 project nos. 01LK1601A and 01LK1601C), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Wallenberg Academy Fellows project AtmoRemove (no. 2015.0162), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (no. CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017) and the Technology Transfer Project N059 of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). The FIGAERO-CIMS was supported by a Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) grant for the US NSF AGS-1531284, as well as the Wallace Research Foundation. The computations by R.Bardakov were performed on resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) at the National Supercomputer Center (NSC). I.R. thanks the Max Planck Society for a sabbatical award. M.W. thanks Siebel Scholars Foundation for financial support. \n\nData availability: The full dataset shown in the figures is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949440. Source data are provided with this paper. \n\nCode availability: The EMAC (ECHAM/MESSy) model is continuously further developed and applied by a consortium of institutions. The use of MESSy and access to the source code is licensed to all affiliates of institutions that are members of the MESSy Consortium. Institutions can become a member of the MESSy Consortium by signing the MESSy Memorandum of Understanding. More information can be found on the MESSy Consortium website (https://www.messy-interface.org). All code modifications presented in this paper will be included in the next version of MESSy. The TOMCAT model (http://homepages.see.leeds.ac.uk/~lecmc/tomcat.html) is a UK community model. It is available to UK (or NERC-funded) researchers who normally access the model on common facilities or who are helped to install it on their local machines. As it is a complex research tool, new users will need help to use the model optimally. We do not have the resources to release and support the model in an open way. Any potential user interested in the model should contact Martyn Chipperfield. The model updates described in this paper are included in the standard model library. The cloud trajectories model is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5949440. Codes for conducting the analysis presented in this paper can be obtained by contacting the corresponding author, Neil M. Donahue (nmd@andrew.cmu.edu). \n\nContributions: M.W., B.B., J.K. and N.M.D. planned the experiments. M.W., B.B., G.M., B.R., B.S., X.-C.H., J.S., W.S., R.M., B.L., H.L., H.E.M., F.A., P.B., Z.B., L.C., L.-P.D.M., J.D., H.F., L.G.C., M.G., R.G., V.H., A.K., K.L., V.M., D.M., S.M., R.L.M., B.M., T.M., A.O., T.P., M.P., A.A.P., A.P., M.Simon, Y.S., A.T., N.S.U., F.V., R.W., D.S.W., S.K.W., A.W., Y.W., M.Z.-W., M.Sipil\u00e4, P.M.W., A.H., U.B., M.K., R.C.F., J.C., R.V., I.E.-H., J.K., K.K. O.M., S.S. and N.M.D. prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments. M.W., B.B., G.M., B.R., B.S., X.-C.H., J.S., W.S., R.M., B.L., H.E.M., A.A., L.C., L.G.C., M.G., M.H., V.H., J.E.K., N.G.A.M., D.M., R.L.M., B.M., A.R., M.Schervish, M.Simon, A.T., N.S.U., F.V., D.S.W., S.K.W., A.W., M.Z.-W., P.M.W., J.K. and K.K. collected the data. M.W., M.X., B.B., G.M., B.R., B.S., R.Bardakov, J.S., W.S., L.D., R.Baalbaki, B.L., D.S.W., S.K.W., A.W., I.R., T.C. and N.M.D. analysed the data. M.W., M.X., B.B., R.Bardakov, X.-C.H., J.S., W.S., R.M., L.D., R.Baalbaki., B.L., H.L., H.E.M., A.M.L.E., H.F., M.H., K.H., A.K., N.S.U., R.W., A.W., A.H., U.B., M.K., R.C.F., J.C., R.V., I.R., H.G., J.L., I.E.-H., D.R.W., T.C., J.K., O.M., S.S. and N.M.D. contributed to the scientific discussion. M.W., B.B., R.Bardakov, W.S., R.M., B.L., H.L., K.H., A.K., U.B., R.C.F., J.C., R.V., I.R., H.G., J.L., I.E.-H., T.C., J.K., O.M. and N.M.D. wrote the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests. \n\nPeer review information: Nature thanks Bernd K\u00e4rcher and the other, anonymous, reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Peer reviewer reports are available.\n\nPublished - s41586-022-04605-4.pdf
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", "abstract": "New particle formation in the upper free troposphere is a major global source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). However, the precursor vapours that drive the process are not well understood. With experiments performed under upper tropospheric conditions in the CERN CLOUD chamber, we show that nitric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonia form particles synergistically, at rates that are orders of magnitude faster than those from any two of the three components. The importance of this mechanism depends on the availability of ammonia, which was previously thought to be efficiently scavenged by cloud droplets during convection. However, surprisingly high concentrations of ammonia and ammonium nitrate have recently been observed in the upper troposphere over the Asian monsoon region. Once particles have formed, co-condensation of ammonia and abundant nitric acid alone is sufficient to drive rapid growth to CCN sizes with only trace sulfate. Moreover, our measurements show that these CCN are also highly efficient ice nucleating particles\u2014comparable to desert dust. Our model simulations confirm that ammonia is efficiently convected aloft during the Asian monsoon, driving rapid, multi-acid HNO\u2083\u2013H\u2082SO\u2084\u2013NH\u2083 nucleation in the upper troposphere and producing ice nucleating particles that spread across the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere.", "date": "2022-05-19", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "605", "number": "7910", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "483-489", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220602-284995800", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220602-284995800", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-2132089" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "821205" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "895875" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "867599" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "337549" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "302958" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1325656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "316114" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "325647" }, { "agency": "Russian MegaGrant", "grant_number": "2020-220-08-5835" }, { "agency": "Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation" }, { "agency": "Samsung", "grant_number": "PM2.5 SRP" }, { "agency": "Prince Albert Foundation", "grant_number": "2859" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601C" }, { "agency": "Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation", "grant_number": "2015.0162" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017" }, { "agency": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1531284" }, { "agency": "Wallace Research Foundation" }, { "agency": "Max Planck Society" }, { "agency": "Siebel Scholars Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41586-022-04605-4", "pmcid": "PMC9117139", 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"given": "David M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3958-2138" }, { "name": { "family": "Bertozzi", "given": "Barbara" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2571-6585" }, { "name": { "family": "Caudillo", "given": "Luc\u00eda" } }, { "name": { "family": "Chu", "given": "Biwu" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7548-5669" }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1105-9043" }, { "id": "Duplissy-Jonathan", "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8819-0264" }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8349-3714" }, { "name": { "family": "Gonzalez Carracedo", "given": "Lo\u00efc" } }, { "name": { "family": "Granzin", "given": "Manuel" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1062-2394" }, { "name": { "family": "Heinritzi", "given": "Martin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9171-8127" }, { "name": { "family": "Hofbauer", "given": "Victoria" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9036-4446" }, { "name": { "family": "Kemppainen", "given": "Deniz" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8282-0501" }, { "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "name": { "family": "Lampim\u00e4ki", "given": "Markus" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1990-6155" }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-2706" }, { "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2242-1055" }, { "name": { "family": "Manninen", "given": "Hanna E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0419-4020" }, { "name": { "family": "Mentler", "given": "Bernhard" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3852-0397" }, { "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1881-9044" }, { "name": { "family": "Philippov", "given": "Maxim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4302-0020" }, { "name": { "family": "Shen", "given": "Jiali" } }, { "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4900-7460" }, { "name": { "family": "Stozhkov", "given": "Yuri" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1917-0328" }, { "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9144-7120" }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Andrea C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3159-9434" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Yonghong" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2498-9143" }, { "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Stefan K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7408-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Yusheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Zauner-Wieczorek", "given": "Marcel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0867-665X" }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "name": { "family": "M\u00f6hler", "given": "Ottmar" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7551-9814" }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0899-1369" }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6861-6029" }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "name": { "family": "Dommen", "given": "Josef" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0006-0009" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5166-6353" }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "name": { "family": "El Haddad", "given": "Imad" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2461-7238" } ] }, "title": "Survival of newly formed particles in haze conditions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Medicine", "note": "\u00a9 2022 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. \n\nReceived 23rd January 2022. Accepted 24th March 2022. \n\nWe thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received funding from the European Community (EC) Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union (EU) H2020 programme (Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITN CLOUD-TRAIN grant number 316662 and CLOUD-MOTION grant number 764991); European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 895875 (\"NPF-PANDA\"); the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021_169090, 200020_172602, 20FI20_172622); the US National Science Foundation (NSF; grant numbers AGS1602086, AGS1801329 and AGS-1801280); NASA graduate fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H); Project CLOUD-16 (project number 01LK1601C) funded by the German Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF); ERC Advanced 'ATM-GP' grant no. 227463; The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019); ERC Consolidator grant NANODYNAMITE, 616075; the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. P27295-N20); the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Program \"Physics of Fundamental Interactions\" 2017\u20132020; Ministry of Science and High education of the Russian Federation; VM acknowledges the Grant No. PCF IRN BR10965191. \n\nAuthor contributions. Conceptualization: R. M., M. X., M. W., J. Dommen, J. K., N. M. D., H. L., U. B. and I. E. H. Resources, prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments: R. M., B. R., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., J. P., G. M., D. S. W., W. S., A. B., C. P. L., R. B., L. C., B. C., J. C., L. D., J. Duplissy, H. F., L. G. C., M. G., A. H., M. H., V. H., D. K., A. K., M. K., K. L., V. M., H. E. M., B. M., O. M., T. P., M. P., J. S., M. S., Y. S., A. T., R. V., A. W., Y. Wang, S. K. W., P. M. W., Y. Wu, M. Z.-W., R. C. F., J. K., H. L., and I. E. H. Investigation: R. M., M. X., B. R., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., J. P., G. M., D. S. W., W. S., A. B., C. P. L., A. A., R. B., D. B., B. B., L. C., L. D., J. Duplissy, H. F., L. G. C., M. G., M. H., V. H., D. K., M. L., V. M., B. M., J. S., M. S., A. T., A. W., S. K. W., Y. Wu, M. Z.-W., J. K., H. L., and I. E. H. Formal analysis: R. M., B. R., M. W., W. K., X. H., D. S., J. P., G. M., D. S. W., W. S., C. P. L., L. C., L. D., M. S., S. K. W., P. M. W., R. C. F., N. M. D., H. L., and I. E. H. Scientific discussion: R. M., M. X., B. R., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., W. S., C. P. L., D. B., J. C., L. D., H. F., K. L., J. Dommen, R. C. F., J. K., N. M. D., H. L., U. B., and I. E. H. Writing: R. M., B. R., M. W., W. K., X.-C. H., D. S., J. P., D. S. W., J. Dommen, J. K., N. M. D., H. L., U. B., and I. E. H. \n\nThere are no conflicts to declare.\n\nPublished - d2ea00007e.pdf
Supplemental Material - d2ea00007e1.pdf
", "abstract": "Intense new particle formation events are regularly observed under highly polluted conditions, despite the high loss rates of nucleated clusters. Higher than expected cluster survival probability implies either ineffective scavenging by pre-existing particles or missing growth mechanisms. Here we present experiments performed in the CLOUD chamber at CERN showing particle formation from a mixture of anthropogenic vapours, under condensation sinks typical of haze conditions, up to 0.1 s\u207b\u00b9. We find that new particle formation rates substantially decrease at higher concentrations of pre-existing particles, demonstrating experimentally for the first time that molecular clusters are efficiently scavenged by larger sized particles. Additionally, we demonstrate that in the presence of supersaturated gas-phase nitric acid (HNO\u2083) and ammonia (NH\u2083), freshly nucleated particles can grow extremely rapidly, maintaining a high particle number concentration, even in the presence of a high condensation sink. Such high growth rates may explain the high survival probability of freshly formed particles under haze conditions. We identify under what typical urban conditions HNO\u2083 and NH\u2083 can be expected to contribute to particle survival during haze.", "date": "2022-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science: Atmospheres", "volume": "2", "number": "3", "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry", "pagerange": "491-499", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220614-221991000", "issn": "2634-3606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220614-221991000", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "895875" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NASA Graduate Fellowship", "grant_number": "NNX16AP36H" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601C" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P27295-N20" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences", "grant_number": "2017-2020" }, { "agency": "Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation" }, { "agency": "Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan)", "grant_number": "PCF IRN BR10965191" } ] }, "doi": "10.1039/d2ea00007e", "pmcid": "PMC9119030", "primary_object": { "basename": "d2ea00007e.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0wxa7-b9678/files/d2ea00007e.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "d2ea00007e1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0wxa7-b9678/files/d2ea00007e1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Marten, Ruby; Xiao, Mao; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3evkm-adv60", "eprint_id": 113129, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 13:50:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:56:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pushpawela-Buddhi", "name": { "family": "Pushpawela", "given": "Buddhi" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3633-4104" }, { "id": "Amanatidis-Stavros", "name": { "family": "Amanatidis", "given": "Stavros" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4924-8424" }, { "id": "Huang-Yuanlong", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Yuanlong" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6726-8904" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Variability of the penetration of particles through facemasks", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; General Materials Science; Environmental Chemistry", "note": "\u00a9 2021 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 30 Jun 2021, Accepted 21 Oct 2021, Accepted author version posted online: 30 Nov 2021, Published online: 16 Dec 2021. \n\nThe authors acknowledge Professor Niles Pierce and Caltech book store for supplying some samples. The authors also like to thank Ryan Ward and Benjamin Laccetti for useful discussions. \n\nThe research was supported by the Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA. \n\nAuthor contributions: RCF planned and designed the experiments. BP, SA and YH prepared the experimental setup. BP carried out the measurements, analyzed the data, and generated the figures. BP and RCF wrote and edited the manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript. \n\nNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.\n\nSupplemental Material - uast_a_2003291_sm4019.docx
", "abstract": "COVID-19 is transmitted, at least in part, by airborne particles emitted by infected individuals. Wearing masks is one of the key actions that are required to prevent spreading COVID-19. To understand the variability in the performance, we evaluated the material performance of the whole mask, as manufactured, in terms of the penetration of particles, comfort and the quality factor of multiple copies of 29 different types. All masks were mounted to prevent leakage around the edges so the mask material and manufacture was tested, but the effects of the fit were not considered. The results of this study thus represent the upper bound of the performance of facemasks since leakage around the edges due to poor fit often overwhelms filtration through the mask material. The tests were performed at a steady flow rate of 30\u2009L/min; mean values of the performance parameters were calculated for two different sizes; 0.12\u2009\u00b5m and 0.3\u2009\u00b5m. Of the masks tested, for 0.12\u2009\u00b5m particles, N95 face filtering respirators consistently had the lowest peak penetration 1.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5%, while KN95 masks allowed 3.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6% penetration. In contrast, penetration through pleated procedure masks was 14.7\u2009\u00b1\u200916.9% due to one outlier - with that outlier removed, penetration decreased to 7.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3%; cloth masks allowed 26.4\u2009\u00b1\u20099.3% penetration. Tests on multiple copies of different masks demonstrated consistent performance of N95s, but considerably greater variability within the other classes of masks tested, leading to uncertainty in the degree of protection that they would provide.", "date": "2022-02-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "56", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "186-203", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220127-913884200", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220127-913884200", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "COVID-19" }, { "id": "Jacobs-Institute-for-Molecular-Engineering-for-Medicine" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2021.2003291", "primary_object": { "basename": "uast_a_2003291_sm4019.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3evkm-adv60/files/uast_a_2003291_sm4019.docx" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Pushpawela, Buddhi; Amanatidis, Stavros; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9nppv-d1b88", "eprint_id": 112440, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-09-15 07:18:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 21:34:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Caudillo-Luc\u00eda", "name": { "family": "Caudillo", "given": "Luc\u00eda" } }, { "name": { "family": "R\u00f6rup", "given": "Birte" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8755-9453" }, { "name": { "family": "Heinritzi", "given": "Martin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9171-8127" }, { "name": { "family": "Marie", "given": "Guillaume" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1454-0908" }, { "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4900-7460" }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Andrea C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3159-9434" }, { "name": { "family": "M\u00fcller", "given": "Tatjana" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6453-9134" }, { "name": { "family": "Granzin", "given": "Manuel" } }, { "name": { "family": "Amorim", "given": "Antonio" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0638-2321" }, { "name": { "family": "Ataei", "given": "Farnoush" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8038-649X" }, { "name": { "family": "Baalbaki", "given": "Rima" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4480-2107" }, { "name": { "family": "Bertozzi", "given": "Barbara" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2571-6585" }, { "name": { "family": "Brasseur", "given": "Zo\u00e9" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5387-018X" }, { "name": { "family": "Chiu", "given": "Randall" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9892-2761" }, { "name": { "family": "Chu", "given": "Biwu" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7548-5669" }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1105-9043" }, { "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8819-0264" }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8349-3714" }, { "name": { "family": "Gonzalez Carracedo", "given": "Lo\u00efc" } }, { "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7416-306X" }, { "name": { "family": "Hofbauer", "given": "Victoria" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9036-4446" }, { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "Weimeng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5166-6353" }, { "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Chuan P." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0051-8179" }, { "name": { "family": "Lopez", "given": "Brandon" } }, { "name": { "family": "Mahfouz", "given": "Naser G. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7097-1430" }, { "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2242-1055" }, { "name": { "family": "Manninen", "given": "Hanna E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0419-4020" }, { "name": { "family": "Marten", "given": "Ruby" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0417-4350" }, { "name": { "family": "Massab\u00f2", "given": "Dario" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7445-0328" }, { "name": { "family": "Mauldin", "given": "Roy L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8569-8561" }, { "name": { "family": "Mentler", "given": "Bernhard" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3852-0397" }, { "name": { "family": "Molteni", "given": "Ugo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1623-1933" }, { "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9946-9762" }, { "name": { "family": "Pfeifer", "given": "Joschka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9172-4447" }, { "name": { "family": "Philippov", "given": "Maxim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4302-0020" }, { "name": { "family": "Piedehierro", "given": "Ana A." } }, { "name": { "family": "Schervish", "given": "Meredith" } }, { "name": { "family": "Scholz", "given": "Wiebke" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2617-620X" }, { "id": "Schulze-Benjamin-C", "name": { "family": "Schulze", "given": "Benjamin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6405-8872" }, { "name": { "family": "Shen", "given": "Jiali" } }, { "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1014-1360" }, { "name": { "family": "Stozhkov", "given": "Yuri" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1917-0328" }, { "name": { "family": "Surdu", "given": "Mihnea" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1815-2750" }, { "name": { "family": "Tauber", "given": "Christian" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1453-1067" }, { "name": { "family": "Tham", "given": "Yee Jun" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7924-5841" }, { "name": { "family": "Tian", "given": "Ping" } }, { "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9144-7120" }, { "name": { "family": "Vogt", "given": "Steffen" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5782-2513" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Dongyu S." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7549-1578" }, { "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Stefan K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7408-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Welti", "given": "Andr\u00e9" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3549-1212" }, { "name": { "family": "Yonghong", "given": "Wang" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2498-9143" }, { "name": { "family": "Yusheng", "given": "Wu" } }, { "name": { "family": "Zauner-Wieczorek", "given": "Marcel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0867-665X" }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "name": { "family": "El Haddad", "given": "Imad" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2461-7238" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1062-2394" }, { "name": { "family": "H\u00f6hler", "given": "Kristina" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5503-9816" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-2706" }, { "name": { "family": "M\u00f6hler", "given": "Ottmar" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7551-9814" }, { "name": { "family": "Saathoff", "given": "Harald" } }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0899-1369" }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6861-6029" }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" } ] }, "title": "Chemical composition of nanoparticles from \u03b1-pinene nucleation and the influence of isoprene and relative humidity at low temperature", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atmospheric Science", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. \n\nReceived: 16 Jun 2021 \u2013 Discussion started: 07 Jul 2021 \u2013 Revised: 15 Oct 2021 \u2013 Accepted: 17 Oct 2021 \u2013 Published: 25 Nov 2021. \n\nWe thank CERN for providing the CLOUD facility to perform the experiments and the CLOUD community for supporting this study. We especially would like to thank Katja Ivanova, Timo Keber, Frank Malkemper, Robert Sitals, Hanna Elina Manninen, Antti Onnela, and Robert Kristic for their contributions to the experiment. \n\nThis research has been supported by the European Commission, Research Executive Agency (grant no. CLOUD-MOTION (764991)), the Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (grant no. CLOUD-16, 01LK1601A), the National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGS-1801280, AGS-1801574, and AGS-1801897), and the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (grant nos. 20020_172602 and BSSGI0_155846). \n\nThis open-access publication was funded by the Goethe University Frankfurt. \n\nData availability. Data related to this article are available upon request to the corresponding authors. \n\nThe supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021-supplement. \n\nThe contact author has declared that neither they nor their co-authors have any competing interests. \n\nThe contact author has declared that neither they nor their co-authors have any competing interests.\n\nPublished - acp-21-17099-2021.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-21-17099-2021-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Biogenic organic precursors play an important role in atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). One of the major precursor species is \u03b1-pinene, which upon oxidation can form a suite of products covering a wide range of volatilities. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) comprise a fraction of the oxidation products formed. While it is known that HOMs contribute to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, including NPF, they have not been well studied in newly formed particles due to their very low mass concentrations. Here we present gas- and particle-phase chemical composition data from experimental studies of \u03b1-pinene oxidation, including in the presence of isoprene, at temperatures (\u221250 and \u221230\u2009\u2218C) and relative humidities (20\u2009% and 60\u2009%) relevant in the upper free troposphere. The measurements took place at the CERN Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber. The particle chemical composition was analyzed by a thermal desorption differential mobility analyzer (TD-DMA) coupled to a nitrate chemical ionization\u2013atmospheric pressure interface\u2013time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer. CI-APi-TOF was used for particle- and gas-phase measurements, applying the same ionization and detection scheme. Our measurements revealed the presence of C\u2088\u208b\u2081\u2080 monomers and C\u2081\u2088\u208b\u2082\u2080 dimers as the major compounds in the particles (diameter up to \u223c\u2009100\u2009nm). Particularly, for the system with isoprene added, C\u2085 (C\u2085H\u2081\u2080O\u2085\u208b\u2087) and C\u2081\u2085 compounds (C\u2081\u2085H\u2082\u2084O\u2085\u208b\u2081\u2080) were detected. This observation is consistent with the previously observed formation of such compounds in the gas phase. However, although the C\u2085 and C\u2081\u2085 compounds do not easily nucleate, our measurements indicate that they can still contribute to the particle growth at free tropospheric conditions. For the experiments reported here, most likely isoprene oxidation products enhance the growth of particles larger than 15\u2009nm. Additionally, we report on the nucleation rates measured at 1.7\u2009nm (J_(1.7\u2009nm)) and compared with previous studies, we found lower J_(1.7\u2009nm) values, very likely due to the higher \u03b1-pinene and ozone mixing ratios used in the present study.", "date": "2021-11-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "21", "number": "22", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "17099-17114", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20211214-82816000", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211214-82816000", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "CLOUD-16, 01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "BSSGI0_155846" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-21-17099-2021", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-21-17099-2021-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9nppv-d1b88/files/acp-21-17099-2021-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-21-17099-2021.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9nppv-d1b88/files/acp-21-17099-2021.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Caudillo, Luc\u00eda; R\u00f6rup, Birte; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/veaqc-3dr31", "eprint_id": 111468, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:13:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:35:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Xiao-Mao", "name": { "family": "Xiao", "given": "Mao" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2790-4443" }, { "name": { "family": "Hoyle", "given": "Christopher R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1369-9143" }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1105-9043" }, { "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1014-1360" }, { "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5782-2513" }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5166-6353" }, { "name": { "family": "Garmash", "given": "Olga" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9675-3271" }, { "name": { "family": "Mentler", "given": "Bernhard" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3852-0397" }, { "name": { "family": "Molteni", "given": "Ugo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1623-1933" }, { "name": { "family": "Baccarini", "given": "Andrea" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4614-247X" }, { "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4900-7460" }, { "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7416-306X" }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-2706" }, { "name": { "family": "Ahonen", "given": "Lauri R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2534-6898" }, { "name": { "family": "Baalbaki", "given": "Rima" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4480-2107" }, { "name": { "family": "Bauer", "given": "Paulus S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0014-3082" }, { "name": { "family": "Beck", "given": "Lisa" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3700-5895" }, { "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "David" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3958-2138" }, { "name": { "family": "Bianchi", "given": "Federico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2996-3604" }, { "name": { "family": "Brilke", "given": "Sophia" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3133-249X" }, { "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Dexian" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6963-5205" }, { "name": { "family": "Chiu", "given": "Randall" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9892-2761" }, { "name": { "family": "Dias", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0842-4639" }, { "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8819-0264" }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8349-3714" }, { "name": { "family": "Gordon", "given": "Hamish" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1822-3224" }, { "name": { "family": "Hofbauer", "given": "Victoria" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9036-4446" }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "name": { "family": "Koenig", "given": "Theodore K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3756-4315" }, { "name": { "family": "Lampilahti", "given": "Janne" } }, { "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Chuan Ping" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0051-8179" }, { "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Zijun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2973-1216" }, { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2242-1055" }, { "name": { "family": "Manninen", "given": "Hanna E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0419-4020" }, { "name": { "family": "Marten", "given": "Ruby" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0417-4350" }, { "name": { "family": "Mathot", "given": "Serge" } }, { "name": { "family": "Mauldin", "given": "Roy L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8569-8561" }, { "name": { "family": "Nie", "given": "Wei" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6048-0515" }, { "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9946-9762" }, { "name": { "family": "Partoll", "given": "Eva" } }, { "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1881-9044" }, { "name": { "family": "Pfeifer", "given": "Joschka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9172-4447" }, { "name": { "family": "Pospisilova", "given": "Veronika" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2559-2252" }, { "name": { "family": "Qu\u00e9l\u00e9ver", "given": "Lauriane L. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8970-3594" }, { "name": { "family": "Rissanen", "given": "Matti" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0463-8098" }, { "name": { "family": "Schobesberger", "given": "Siegfried" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5777-4897" }, { "name": { "family": "Schuchmann", "given": "Simone" } }, { "name": { "family": "Stozhkov", "given": "Yuri" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1917-0328" }, { "name": { "family": "Tauber", "given": "Christian" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1453-1067" }, { "name": { "family": "Tham", "given": "Yee Jun" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7924-5841" }, { "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9144-7120" }, { "name": { "family": "Vazquez-Pufleau", "given": "Miguel" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6836-5098" }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Andrea C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3159-9434" }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Robert" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7365-8020" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Yonghong" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2498-9143" }, { "name": { "family": "Weitz", "given": "Lena" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wimmer", "given": "Daniela" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5539-9958" }, { "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Yusheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Yan", "given": "Chao" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5735-9597" }, { "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Penglin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6954-4028" }, { "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Qing" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3797-8988" }, { "name": { "family": "Zha", "given": "Qiaozhi" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6301-7086" }, { "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Xueqin" } }, { "name": { "family": "Amorim", "given": "Antonio" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0638-2321" }, { "name": { "family": "Carslaw", "given": "Ken" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6800-154X" }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1062-2394" }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0899-1369" }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6861-6029" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "name": { "family": "El Haddad", "given": "Imad" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2461-7238" }, { "name": { "family": "Dommen", "given": "Josef" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0006-0009" } ] }, "title": "The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under he Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. \n\nReceived: 30 Dec 2020 \u2013 Discussion started: 20 Jan 2021 \u2013 Revised: 21 Jun 2021 \u2013 Accepted: 11 Jul 2021 \u2013 Published: 27 Sep 2021. \n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We thank the tofTools team for providing programmes for mass spectrometry analysis. We thank Patrick Carrie, Louis-Philippe De Menezes, Ilya Krasin, Pascal Blanc, Robert Kristic, Giulio Malaguti, Osman Maksumov, Maxim Philippov, Robert Sitals and Katja Ivanova for their contributions to the experiment. \n\nThis research has received funding from the following: the EC Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme (Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie ITNs no. 316662 \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" and no. 764991 \"CLOUD-MOTION\"); Horizon 2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant \"Nano-CAVa\" 656994 and Horizon 2020 MC-COFUND grant (665779); ERC Advanced (\"ATM-GP\" grant no. 227463); ERC-Consolidator Grant (NANODYNAMITE 616075); ERC-Starting grant (COALA, grant no. 638703, QAPPA, grant no. 335478); the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021_169090, 200020_172602, 20FI20_ 172622); the US National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGC1439551, AGS1447056, AGS1531284, AGS1801574, AGS1801897, AGS1649147, AGS1801280, AGS1602086, 1801329); Wallace Research Foundation, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01LK1222A CLOUD-12 and 01LK1601A CLOUD-16); the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017); the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (\"High energy physics and neutrino astrophysics\" 2015 and the programme \"Physics of Fundamental Interactions\" 2017\u20132020); the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, project nos. J3951-N36 and P27295-N20); NASA graduate fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H); and the Academy of Finland (project numbers 299574, 307331, 331207, 326948, and 310682). \n\nAuthor contributions. MX, DS, AK, MW, HL, BM, UM, AB, MS, XCH, KL, LA, RB, DC, AD, JonD, HF, VH, CK, TK, JL CL, ZL, HM, VM, HEM, RLM, AO, EP, TP, JP, VP, LQ, MR, SieS, SimS, YS, YJT, AT, MV, AW, RW, YoW, LW, DW, Yu W, CY, PY, YY, QZ, XZ RF, MK, JK, and JosD prepared the CLOUD facility and measurement instruments. XM, CRH, LD, HL, UM, AB, TK, MR, AT, LW, AH, KC, VR, RCF, MK, DW, JK, NMD, UB, IEH, and JosD planned the experiments. MX, CRH, LD, DS, MW, HL, OG, BM, UM, AB, MS, XCH, KL, LA, RB, PSB, LB, DB, FB, SB, RC, AD, JonD, HF, VH, CK, JL, CPL, ZL, VM, RM, RLM, WN, EP, JP, VP, MR, SimS, YJT, AT, MV, AW, LW, DW, YuW, CY, PY, QY, XZ, AA, PMW, IEH, and JosD collected the data. XM, CRH, LD, DS, AK, MW, HL, OG, BM, UM, MS, HF, CK, RLM, ACW, LW, PY, RF, JosD analysed the data. XM, CRH, DS, MW, HL, OG, UM, AB, FB, HG, CK, TP, MR, SieS, PY, JC, AH, RV, RCF, KM, DW, JK, NMD, UB, IEH, and JosD contributed to the scientific discussion. MX, CRH, HL, TP, RF, NMD, UB, IEH, and JosD contributed to the writing of the paper. \n\n\nThe supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021-supplement. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\n\nPublished - acp-21-14275-2021.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-21-14275-2021-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid\u2013base clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in polluted atmospheres.", "date": "2021-09-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "21", "number": "18", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "14275-14291", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20211015-162632786", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211015-162632786", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "665779" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "638703" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "335478" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_ 172622" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGC-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1531284" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1649147" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "agency": "Wallace Research Foundation" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A CLOUD-12" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A CLOUD-16" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017" }, { "agency": "Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3951-N36" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P27295-N20" }, { "agency": "NASA Graduate Fellowship", "grant_number": "NNX16AP36H" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "307331" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "331207" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "326948" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "310682" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-21-14275-2021-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/veaqc-3dr31/files/acp-21-14275-2021-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-21-14275-2021.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/veaqc-3dr31/files/acp-21-14275-2021.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Xiao, Mao; Hoyle, Christopher R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/55ahx-v1j56", "eprint_id": 111112, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:00:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:03:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Surdu-Mihnea", "name": { "family": "Surdu", "given": "Mihnea" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1815-2750" }, { "name": { "family": "Pospisilova", "given": "Veronika" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2559-2252" }, { "name": { "family": "Xiao", "given": "Mao" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" } }, { "name": { "family": "Mentler", "given": "Bernhard" } }, { "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" } }, { "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hoyle", "given": "Christopher R." } }, { "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "David M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3958-2138" }, { "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Chuan Ping" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0051-8179" }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" } }, { "name": { "family": "Lopez-Hilfiker", "given": "Felipe" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ahonen", "given": "Lauri R." } }, { "name": { "family": "Amorim", "given": "Antonio" } }, { "name": { "family": "Baccarini", "given": "Andrea" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4614-247X" }, { "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Dexian" } }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" } }, { "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8819-0264" }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" } }, { "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hofbauer", "given": "Victoria" } }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" } }, { "name": { "family": "Kvashnin", "given": "Aleksandr" } }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" } }, { "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" } }, { "name": { "family": "Molteni", "given": "Ugo" } }, { "name": { "family": "Nie", "given": "Wei" } }, { "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" } }, { "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" } }, { "name": { "family": "Qu\u00e9l\u00e9ver", "given": "Lauriane L. J." } }, { "name": { "family": "Tauber", "given": "Christian" } }, { "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Robert" } }, { "name": { "family": "Yan", "given": "Chao" } }, { "name": { "family": "Prevot", "given": "Andre S. H." } }, { "name": { "family": "Dommen", "given": "Josef" } }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" } }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" } }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" } }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." } }, { "name": { "family": "Slowik", "given": "Jay G." } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Dongyu S." } }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" } }, { "name": { "family": "el Haddad", "given": "Imad" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2461-7238" } ] }, "title": "Molecular characterization of ultrafine particles using extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2021 The Author(s). Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. \n\nSubmitted 26 Jun 2021; Accepted 10 Aug 2021; First published\t23 Aug 2021. \n\nWe thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources. We would also like to thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, F. Josa, I. Krasin, O. S. Maksumov, I. Krasin, R. Sitals and A. Wasem for their contribution to the experiment. This research has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 895875 (\"NPF-PANDA\"), no. 764991 (\"CLOUD-MOTION H2020-MSCA-ITN-2017\"), Swiss National Science Foundation (grant numbers 200021_169090, 200020_172602 and 20FI20_172622), the US National Science Foundation (NSF-AGS-1649147, NSF-AGS-1801574, NSF-AGS-1801897, NSF-AGS-1531284 NSF 1602086, NSF 1801329), the Wallace Research Foundation, the NASA graduate fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017) as well as the ERC Consolidator Grant \"NANODYNAMITE\" (No. 616075). We acknowledge the following projects: ACCC Flagship funded by the Academy of Finland (grant no. 337549), Academy professorship funded by the Academy of Finland (grant no. 302958), Academy of Finland projects no. 1325656, 316114 and 325647, \"Quantifying carbon sink, CarbonSink+ and their interaction with air quality\" INAR project funded by Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, European Research Council (ERC) project ATM-GTP Contract No. 742206. \n\nAuthor contributions: V. P., M. X., M. W., B. M., M. Sim., D. S., C. R. H., F. L.-H., L. R. A., A. A., A. B., L. D., J. Dup., C. K., J. K., K. L., V. M., B. M., U. M., W. N., L. L. J. Q., C. T., A. T., P. M. W. collected the data. V. P., M. X., M. W., B. M., M. Sim., D. S., C. R. H., F. L.-H., A. B., U. B., D. C., L. D., J. Dup., H. F., R. C. F., X.-C. H., V. H., C. K., J. K., A. K\u00fcr., A. Kvas., K. L., V. M., B. M., U. M., T. P., L. L. J. Q., A. T., R. W., P. M. W., C. Y., I. E.-H. prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments. M. Sur., V. P., M. X., M. W., B. M., M. Sim., D. S., C. K., U. M. analyzed the data. M. Sur., V. P., M. X., M. W., D. S., D. M. B., C. P. L., H. L., H. F., U. M., J. K., M. Sim., D. R. W., A. S. H., J. Dup, J. Dom., N. M. D., A. H., J. C., M. K., R. C. F., R. V., J. G. S., D. S. W., U. B., I. E.-H. contributed to the scientific discussion and interpretation of results. M. Sur., V. P., J. Dom., D. S. W., U. B., I. E.-H. participated in writing the manuscript. \n\nThere are no conflicts to declare.\n\nPublished - d1ea00050k_pub.pdf
Supplemental Material - d1ea00050k1.pdf
", "abstract": "Aerosol particles negatively affect human health while also having climatic relevance due to, for example, their ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei. Ultrafine particles (diameter D_p < 100 nm) typically comprise the largest fraction of the total number concentration, however, their chemical characterization is difficult because of their low mass. Using an extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF), we characterize the molecular composition of freshly nucleated particles from naphthalene and \u03b2-caryophyllene oxidation products at the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We perform a detailed intercomparison of the organic aerosol chemical composition measured by the EESI-TOF and an iodide adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometer equipped with a filter inlet for gases and aerosols (FIGAERO-I-CIMS). We also use an aerosol growth model based on the condensation of organic vapors to show that the chemical composition measured by the EESI-TOF is consistent with the expected condensed oxidation products. This agreement could be further improved by constraining the EESI-TOF compound-specific sensitivity or considering condensed-phase processes. Our results show that the EESI-TOF can obtain the chemical composition of particles as small as 20 nm in diameter with mass loadings as low as hundreds of ng m\u207b\u00b3 in real time. This was until now difficult to achieve, as other online instruments are often limited by size cutoffs, ionization/thermal fragmentation and/or semi-continuous sampling. Using real-time simultaneous gas- and particle-phase data, we discuss the condensation of naphthalene oxidation products on a molecular level.", "date": "2021-09-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science: Atmospheres", "volume": "1", "number": "6", "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry", "pagerange": "434-448", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210930-154410478", "issn": "2634-3606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210930-154410478", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "895875" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1649147" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1531284" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "agency": "Wallace Research Foundation" }, { "agency": "NASA Graduate Fellowship", "grant_number": "NNX16AP36H" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "337549" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "302958" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1325656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "316114" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "325647" }, { "agency": "Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" } ] }, "doi": "10.1039/d1ea00050k", "pmcid": "PMC8459645", "primary_object": { "basename": "d1ea00050k1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/55ahx-v1j56/files/d1ea00050k1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "d1ea00050k_pub.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/55ahx-v1j56/files/d1ea00050k_pub.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Surdu, Mihnea; Pospisilova, Veronika; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/psb8f-49x04", "eprint_id": 111123, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:40:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:19:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "Weimeng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "id": "Amanatidis-Stavros", "name": { "family": "Amanatidis", "given": "Stavros" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4924-8424" }, { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "id": "Schulze-Benjamin-C", "name": { "family": "Schulze", "given": "Benjamin C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6405-8872" }, { "id": "Huang-Yuanlong", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Yuanlong" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6726-8904" }, { "id": "Lewis-Gregory-S", "name": { "family": "Lewis", "given": "Gregory S." } }, { "id": "Hering-Susanne-V", "name": { "family": "Hering", "given": "Susanne V." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6536-310X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS) and its application to size distribution measurements of 1.5\u201325\u2009nm particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. \n\nReceived: 04 Mar 2021 \u2013 Discussion started: 11 Mar 2021 \u2013 Revised: 01 Jul 2021 \u2013 Accepted: 01 Jul 2021 \u2013 Published: 09 Aug 2021. \n\nThe authors would like to thank the CLOUD experiment for providing the facility for instrument testing and operation. We gratefully acknowledge a generous gift from Christine and Dwight Landis to improve the data acquisition system of the instrument. \n\nThis research has been supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos. 1602086 and 1801329). \n\nReview statement: This paper was edited by Charles Brock and reviewed by Juan Fernandez de la Mora and one anonymous referee. \n\nCode and data availability: Data and code related to this article are available upon request to the corresponding author. \n\nSupplement: The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-5429-2021-supplement. \n\nAuthor contributions: WK wrote the paper, analyzed the data, led the calibration of the instrument, and operated the instrument at CLOUD. SA led the construction the instrument as deployed to CLOUD, developed the data acquisition and control software, contributed to the calibration of the instrument, and contributed to the writing of the paper. HM built and conducted proof-of-concept experiments with the first prototype of the instrument and developed the finite-element simulation in developing the instrument response function. CK developed the soft x-ray charger used in the apparatus and did the initial construction of the two-stage condensation particle counter detector. BCS contributed to the construction and calibration of the instrument and operated it in CLOUD experiments. YH contributed to the development of the data analysis software and contributed to the writing of the paper. GSL developed the modified MAGIC CPC used as the second stage of the detector. SVH led the modifications of the MAGIC CPC for use in this instrument. JHS contributed to the analysis of the data and the writing of the paper. RCF led the project, development of the instrument, design of the experiments, and data analysis, along with contributing to the writing and editing of the paper. \n\nCompeting interests: The California Institute of Technology has a patent pending for the nSEMS. Aerosol Dynamics Inc. has a patent on the MAGIC CPC. No other conflicts of interest were identified.\n\nPublished - amt-14-5429-2021.pdf
Supplemental Material - amt-14-5429-2021-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Particle size measurement in the low nanometer regime is of great importance to the study of cloud condensation nuclei formation and to better understand aerosol\u2013cloud interactions. Here we present the design, modeling, and experimental characterization of the nano-scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (nSEMS), a recently developed instrument that probes particle physical properties in the 1.5\u201325\u2009nm range. The nSEMS consists of a novel differential mobility analyzer and a two-stage condensation particle counter (CPC). The mobility analyzer, a radial opposed-migration ion and aerosol classifier (ROMIAC), can classify nanometer-sized particles with minimal degradation of its resolution and diffusional losses. The ROMIAC operates on a dual high-voltage supply with fast polarity-switching capability to minimize sensitivity to variations in the chemical nature of the ions used to charge the aerosol. Particles transmitted through the mobility analyzer are measured using a two-stage CPC. They are first activated in a fast-mixing diethylene glycol (DEG) stage before being counted by a second detection stage, an ADI MAGIC\u2122 water-based CPC. The transfer function of the integrated instrument is derived from both finite-element modeling and experimental characterization. The nSEMS performance has been evaluated during measurement of transient nucleation and growth events in the CLOUD atmospheric chamber at CERN. We show that the nSEMS can provide high-time- and size-resolution measurement of nanoparticles and can capture the critical aerosol dynamics of newly formed atmospheric particles. Using a soft x-ray bipolar ion source in a compact housing designed to optimize both nanoparticle charging and transmission efficiency as a charge conditioner, the nSEMS has enabled measurement of the contributions of both neutral and ion-mediated nucleation to new particle formation.", "date": "2021-08-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Measurement Techniques", "volume": "14", "number": "8", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "5429-5445", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210930-191946415", "issn": "1867-8548", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210930-191946415", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/amt-14-5429-2021", "primary_object": { "basename": "amt-14-5429-2021-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/psb8f-49x04/files/amt-14-5429-2021-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "amt-14-5429-2021.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/psb8f-49x04/files/amt-14-5429-2021.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Kong, Weimeng; Amanatidis, Stavros; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zz18s-1c181", "eprint_id": 110026, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:46:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:12:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Amanatidis-Stavros", "name": { "family": "Amanatidis", "given": "Stavros" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4924-8424" }, { "id": "Huang-Yuanlong", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Yuanlong" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6726-8904" }, { "id": "Pushpawela-Buddhi", "name": { "family": "Pushpawela", "given": "Buddhi" } }, { "id": "Schulze-Benjamin-C", "name": { "family": "Schulze", "given": "Benjamin C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6405-8872" }, { "id": "Kenseth-Christopher-M", "name": { "family": "Kenseth", "given": "Christopher M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3188-2336" }, { "id": "Ward-Ryan-X", "name": { "family": "Ward", "given": "Ryan X." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2317-3310" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Hering-Susanne-V", "name": { "family": "Hering", "given": "Susanne V." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6536-310X" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Efficacy of a portable, moderate-resolution, fast-scanning differential mobility analyzer for ambient aerosol size distribution measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 28 February 2021 \u2013 Discussion started: 8 March 2021; Revised: 20 May 2021 \u2013 Accepted: 24 May 2021 \u2013 Published: 18 June 2021. \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \n\nThis research has been supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (grant no. DE-SC0013152) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (grant no. OH010515). \n\nReview statement: This paper was edited by Francis Pope and reviewed by three anonymous referees. \n\nCode availability: The code used for data analysis in this work can be made available upon request from the authors. \n\nData availability: The Spider DMA and LDMA measurement data can be accessed from the Caltech data repository: https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1998 (Amanatidis et al., 2021b) \n\nVideo supplement: This video supplement shows the evolution of the ambient aerosol size distribution in Pasadena, CA between 16 May\u201311 June 2020, as measured by the Spider DMA and LDMA systems (https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1896, Amanatidis et al., 2021a). \n\nSupplement: The supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-4507-2021-supplement. \n\nAuthor contributions: SA performed the finite-element modeling for the Spider DMA instrument, analyzed its measurement data, generated the figures, and wrote the manuscript text. YH analyzed the LDMA instrument data and prepared the experimental setup. BP, BCS, CMK, and RXW collected the measurement data and provided technical maintenance to the instruments. JHS reviewed and provided editorial feedback on the manuscript. SVH and RCF planned the experiments and contributed to interpretation of the results and editing of the manuscript. \n\nCompeting interests: Richard C. Flagan and Stavros Amanatidis are inventors of the \"Spider\" DMA technology patent (US10775290B2), which is licensed to Susanne V. Hering's company. The rest of the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. \n\nNeither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.\n\nPublished - amt-14-4507-2021.pdf
Supplemental Material - amt-14-4507-2021-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Ambient aerosol size distributions obtained with a compact scanning mobility analyzer, the \"Spider\" differential mobility analyzer (DMA), are compared to those obtained with a conventional mobility analyzer, with specific attention to the effect of mobility resolution on the measured size distribution parameters. The Spider is a 12\u2009cm diameter radial differential mobility analyzer that spans the 10\u2013500\u2009nm size range with 30\u2009s mobility scans. It achieves its compact size by operating at a nominal mobility resolution R=3 (sheath flow\u2009=\u20090.9\u2009L\u2009min\u207b\u00b9; aerosol flow\u2009=\u20090.3\u2009L\u2009min\u207b\u00b9) in place of the higher ratio of sheath flow to aerosol flow commonly used. The question addressed here is whether the lower resolution is sufficient to capture key characteristics of ambient aerosol size distributions. The Spider, operated at R=3 with 30\u2009s up- and downscans, was co-located with a TSI 3081 long-column mobility analyzer, operated at R=10 with a 360\u2009s sampling duty cycle. Ambient aerosol data were collected over 26 consecutive days of continuous operation, in Pasadena, CA. Over the 17\u2013500\u2009nm size range, the two instruments exhibit excellent correlation in the total particle number concentrations and geometric mean diameters, with regression slopes of 1.13 and 1.00, respectively. Our results suggest that particle sizing at a lower resolution than typically employed may be sufficient to obtain key properties of ambient size distributions, at least for these two moments of the size distribution. Moreover, it enables better counting statistics, as the wider transfer function for a given aerosol flow rate results in a higher counting rate.", "date": "2021-06-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Measurement Techniques", "volume": "14", "number": "6", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "4507-4516", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210727-171444056", "issn": "1867-8548", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210727-171444056", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0013152" }, { "agency": "Department of Health and Human Services", "grant_number": "OH010515" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/amt-14-4507-2021", "primary_object": { "basename": "amt-14-4507-2021-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zz18s-1c181/files/amt-14-4507-2021-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "amt-14-4507-2021.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zz18s-1c181/files/amt-14-4507-2021.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Amanatidis, Stavros; Huang, Yuanlong; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/brdw0-qey65", "eprint_id": 105297, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:15:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:15:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ma-Jianxin", "name": { "family": "Ma", "given": "Jianxin" } }, { "id": "Qi-Xiao", "name": { "family": "Qi", "given": "Xiao" } }, { "id": "Chen-Haoxuan", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Haoxuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8398-9093" }, { "id": "Li-Xinyue", "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Xinyue" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0822-4960" }, { "id": "Zhang-Zheng", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Zheng" } }, { "id": "Wang-Haibin", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Haibin" } }, { "id": "Sun-Lingli", "name": { "family": "Sun", "given": "Lingli" } }, { "id": "Zhang-Lu", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Lu" } }, { "id": "Guo-Jiazhen", "name": { "family": "Guo", "given": "Jiazhen" } }, { "id": "Morawska-Lidia", "name": { "family": "Morawska", "given": "Lidia" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0594-9683" }, { "id": "Grinshpun-Sergey-A", "name": { "family": "Grinshpun", "given": "Sergey A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4339-927X" }, { "id": "Biswas-Pratim", "name": { "family": "Biswas", "given": "Pratim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1104-3738" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Yao-Maosheng", "name": { "family": "Yao", "given": "Maosheng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1442-8054" } ] }, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in Earlier Stages Exhaled Millions of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Per Hour", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, exhaled breath, airborne transmission", "note": "\u00a9 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model). \n\nReceived: 15 July 2020; Editorial decision: 24 August 2020; Accepted: 26 August 2020; Published: 28 August 2020; Corrected and typeset: 08 October 2020. \n\nThe authors thank the local Center for Disease Prevention and Control medical stuff for their assistance in recruiting patients. \n\nThis research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC; 22040101) and the NSFC Distinguished Young Scholars Fund (21725701 to M. Y.). \n\nAuthor contributions. M. Y. and J. M. contributed to the study design. J. M., M. Y., X. Q., Z. Z., H. W., L. S., and J. G. contributed to sample collection and experiments. J. M., X. Q., and M. Y. contributed to patients' recruitment and clinical management. M. Y., J. M., X. L., H. C., L. Z., L. M., S. A. G., P. B., and R. C. F. contributed to data analysis, data interpretation, figure preparation, and literature search. M. Y. wrote the manuscript draft, and all authors revised the manuscript. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the report. \n\nPotential conflicts of interest. The authors: No reported conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest.\n\nSubmitted - 2020.05.31.20115154v1.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_material.docx
Supplemental Material - ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_table.xlsx
Supplemental Material - ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_video_1.mp4
Supplemental Material - ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_video_2.mp4
", "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients exhaled millions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA copies per hour, which plays an important role in COVID-19 transmission. Exhaled breath had a higher positive rate (26.9%, n = 52) than surface (5.4%, n = 242) and air (3.8%, n = 26) samples.", "date": "2021-05-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Clinical Infectious Diseases", "volume": "72", "number": "10", "publisher": "Oxford University Press", "pagerange": "e652-e654", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200909-135124154", "issn": "1058-4838", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200909-135124154", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "22040101" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "21725701" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "COVID-19" } ] }, "doi": "10.1093/cid/ciaa1283", "pmcid": "PMC7499537", "primary_object": { "basename": "2020.05.31.20115154v1.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/brdw0-qey65/files/2020.05.31.20115154v1.full.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_material.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/brdw0-qey65/files/ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_material.docx" }, { "basename": "ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_table.xlsx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/brdw0-qey65/files/ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_table.xlsx" }, { "basename": "ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_video_1.mp4", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/brdw0-qey65/files/ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_video_1.mp4" }, { "basename": "ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_video_2.mp4", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/brdw0-qey65/files/ciaa1283_suppl_supplementary_video_2.mp4" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Ma, Jianxin; Qi, Xiao; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/epr4s-kf718", "eprint_id": 108996, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:38:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:21:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "McGuffin-Dana-L", "name": { "family": "McGuffin", "given": "Dana L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5932-8372" }, { "id": "Huang-Yuanlong", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Yuanlong" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6726-8904" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4-Tuukka", "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1881-9044" }, { "id": "Ydstie-B-Erik", "name": { "family": "Ydstie", "given": "B. Erik" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3746-1658" }, { "id": "Adams-Peter-J", "name": { "family": "Adams", "given": "Peter J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0041-058X" } ] }, "title": "Novel estimation of aerosol processes with particle size distribution measurements: a case study with the TOMAS algorithm v1.0.0", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. \n\nReceived: 22 August 2020 \u2013 Discussion started: 2 September 2020; Revised: 14 January 2021 \u2013 Accepted: 10 February 2021 \u2013 Published: 1 April 2021. \n\nThe authors acknowledge Thomas Tuch, Pasi Aalto, Stefano Decesari, and Jorma Joutsensaari for providing descriptions and technical specifications of their measurement setup. This work was performed partially under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 with IM release number LLNL-JRNL-813683. \n\nWe acknowledge the E-OBS dataset from the EU-FP6 project UERRA (http://www.uerra.eu, last access: 24 March 2021) and the data providers in the ECA&D project (https://www.ecad.eu, last access: 24 March 2021). \n\nThis research was supported by the Carnegie Mellon University Department of Chemical Engineering and the Mahmood I. Bhutta Fellowship in Chemical Engineering. Tuukka Pet\u00e4j\u00e4 acknowledges financial support through the Academy of Finland (304347), the Center of Excellence in Atmospheric Sciences, and the European Commission through the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 689443 via project iCUPE (Integrative and Comprehensive Understanding on Polar Environments). \n\nThe supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1821-2021-supplement. \n\nAuthor contributions: PJA, BEY, and DLM conceptualized the simulations and estimation technique. DLM adapted the model code with the estimation algorithm and performed all simulations. RF and YH conceptualized the measurement uncertainty. YH created the uncertainty code. DLM authored the text with contributions from all co-authors. YH wrote Appendix A. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. \n\nReview statement: This paper was edited by Christina McCluskey and reviewed by three anonymous referees.\n\nPublished - gmd-14-1821-2021.pdf
Supplemental Material - gmd-14-1821-2021-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Atmospheric aerosol microphysical processes are a significant source of uncertainty in predicting climate change. Specifically, aerosol nucleation, emissions, and growth rates, which are simulated in chemical transport models to predict the particle size distribution, are not understood well. However, long-term size distribution measurements made at several ground-based sites across Europe implicitly contain information about the processes that created those size distributions. This work aims to extract that information by developing and applying an inverse technique to constrain aerosol emissions as well as nucleation and growth rates based on hourly size distribution measurements. We developed an inverse method based upon process control theory into an online estimation technique to scale aerosol nucleation, emissions, and growth so that the model\u2013measurement bias in three measured aerosol properties exponentially decays. The properties, which are calculated from the measured and predicted size distributions, used to constrain aerosol nucleation, emission, and growth rates are the number of particles with a diameter between 3 and 6\u2009nm, the number with a diameter greater than 10\u2009nm, and the total dry volume of aerosol (N\u2083\u208b\u2086, N\u2081\u2080, V_(dry)), respectively. In this paper, we focus on developing and applying the estimation methodology in a zero-dimensional \"box\" model as a proof of concept before applying it to a three-dimensional simulation in subsequent work. The methodology is first tested on a dataset of synthetic and perfect measurements that span diverse environments in which the true particle emissions, growth, and nucleation rates are known. The inverse technique accurately estimates the aerosol microphysical process rates with an average and maximum error of 2\u2009% and 13\u2009%, respectively. Next, we investigate the effect that measurement noise has on the estimated rates. The method is robust to typical instrument noise in the aerosol properties as there is a negligible increase in the bias of the estimated process rates. Finally, the methodology is applied to long-term datasets of in situ size distribution measurements in western Europe from May 2006 through June 2007. At Melpitz, Germany, and Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4, Finland, the average diurnal profiles of estimated 3\u2009nm particle formation rates are reasonable, having peaks near noon local time with average peak values of 1 and 0.15\u2009cm\u207b\u00b3\u2009s\u207b\u00b9, respectively. The normalized absolute error in estimated N\u2083\u208b\u2086, N\u2081\u2080, and V_(dry) at three European measurement sites is less than 15\u2009%, showing that the estimation framework developed here has potential to decrease model\u2013measurement bias while constraining uncertain aerosol microphysical processes.", "date": "2021-04-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geoscientific Model Development", "volume": "14", "number": "3", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "1821-1839", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210506-152125131", "issn": "1991-9603", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210506-152125131", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Carnegie Mellon University" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "304347" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "689443" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/gmd-14-1821-2021", "primary_object": { "basename": "gmd-14-1821-2021-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/epr4s-kf718/files/gmd-14-1821-2021-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "gmd-14-1821-2021.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/epr4s-kf718/files/gmd-14-1821-2021.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "McGuffin, Dana L.; Huang, Yuanlong; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ak6ex-ar823", "eprint_id": 107924, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:47:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:06:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "He-Xu-Cheng", "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7416-306X" }, { "name": { "family": "Tham", "given": "Yee Jun" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7924-5841" }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" }, "orcid": 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"name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Stefan K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7408-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6861-6029" }, { "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Yusheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Xiao", "given": "Mao" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2790-4443" }, { "name": { "family": "Yan", "given": "Chao" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5735-9597" }, { "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Qing" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3797-8988" }, { "name": { "family": "Ylisirni\u00f6", "given": "Arttu" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9793-9994" }, { "name": { "family": "Zauner-Wieczorek", "given": "Marcel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0867-665X" }, { "name": { "family": "Zha", "given": "Qiaozhi" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6301-7086" }, { "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Putian" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0803-7337" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "name": { "family": "Kerminen", "given": "Veli-Matti" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0706-669X" }, { "name": { "family": "Kurt\u00e9n", "given": "Theo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6416-4931" }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0899-1369" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "name": { "family": "Sipil\u00e4", "given": "Mikko" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8594-7003" } ] }, "title": "Role of iodine oxoacids in atmospheric aerosol nucleation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2021 American Association for the Advancement of Science.\nThis is an article distributed under the terms of the Science Journals Default License. \n\nReceived 27 July 2020; accepted 6 January 2021. \n\nWe thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received support from the Academy of Finland (projects 316114, 307331, 310682, 266388, 3282290, 306853, 296628, 229574, 333397, 326948, and 1325656); the European Research Council (projects 692891, 616075, 764991, 316662, 742206, and 714621); CSC \u2013 Finnish IT center; the EC Seventh Framework Programme and the EU H2020 programme Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITN \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" (316662) and \"CLOUD-MOTION\" (764991); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (J3951-N36 and P27295-N20); the Swiss National Science Foundation (20FI20_159851, 200021_169090, 200020_172602, and 20FI20_172622); the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1447056, AGS1439551, AGS1801574, AGS1620530, AGS1801897, AGS153128, AGS1649147, AGS1801280, AGS1602086, and AGS1801329); MSCA H2020 COFUND-FP-CERN-2014 fellowship (665779); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research: CLOUD-16 (01LK1601A); Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017); Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Atmospheric Sciences (grant 272041); European Regional Development Fund (project MOBTT42); Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change; Yangtze River Delta Atmosphere and Earth System Science National Observation and Research Station; Estonian Research Council (project PRG714); Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (K116788 and K132254); NASA Graduate Fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H); and ACTRIS 2TNA H2020 OCTAVE (654109). We are also grateful for all the people who have contributed to the field measurements around the world. \n\nAuthor contributions: X.-C.H., M.K., R.V., J.Ki., and M.Sip. planned the experiments. X.-C.H., Y.J.T., L.D., M.W., H.F., D.S., M.Sim., A.K\u00fc., J.S., B.R., S.I., M.R., S.Scho., R.B., D.S.W., T.K.K., S.A., A.A., A.B., S.B., L.C., D.C., B.C., A.Dia., J.Du., I.E.H., R.C.F., L.G.C., M.G., M.H., V.H., H.J., J.Ka., D.K., C.K., W.K., J.E.K., A.Kv., T.L., H.L., C.P.L., K.L., M.L., Z.L., V.M., H.E.M., G.M., R.M., R.L.M., B.M., O.M., T.M., A.O., T.P., J.P., M.P., W.S., S.Schu., B.S., G.S., Y.S., A.T., M.V.-P., A.C.W., S.K.W., W.N., P.M.W., Y.Wu., A.Y., Y.Wang, M.Z.-W., Q.Z., J.C., M.K., U.B., R.V., J.Ki., and M.Sip. prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments. X.-C.H., Y.J.T., L.D., M.W., H.F., D.S., M.Sim., J.S., B.R., M.R., R.B., D.S.W., T.K.K., T.J., N.S., L.J.B., F.A., A.B., F.B., B.B., S.B., D.C., R.C., A.Din., J.Du., L.G.C., M.G., M.H., V.H., H.J., D.K., C.K., J.E.K., H.L., C.P.L., M.L., Z.L., H.E.M., G.M., R.M., R.L.M., B.M., T.M., J.P., A.R., I.S., S.Schu., B.S., G.S., C.T., A.T., R.C.T., O.V., M.V.-P., A.C.W., S.K.W., W.N., Y.Wu, M.X., C.Y., Q.Y., A.Y., Y.Wang, M.Z.-W., R.V., and J.Ki. collected the data. X.-C.H., Y.J.T., L.D., M.W., H.F., D.S., M.Sim., J.S., B.R., R.C.F., D.K., C.K., W.K., S.K.W., P.M.W., P.Z., T.K., R.V., J.Ki, and D.R.W. analyzed the data. J.Ki. and X.-C.H. wrote the manuscript with contributions from R.V., Y.J.T., M.W., H.F., T.K.K., M.K., T.K., N.M.D., D.R.W., and M.Sip. X.-C.H., Y.J.T., L.D., M.W., H.F., D.S., B.R., S.I., M.R., S.Scho., R.B., T.K.K., N.S., A.B., A.Din., J.Do., J.Du., I.E.H., A.H., H.J., J.Ka., J.E.K., H.L., C.P.L., K.L., R.L.M., B.M., O.M., T.P., A.S.-L., I.S., P.Z., J.C., U.B., M.K., V.-M.K., T.K., N.M.D., R.V., J.Ki., D.R.W., and M.Sip. commented on and edited the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests. \n\nData and materials availability: Data for all figures in the main text and supplementary materials are available at the Zenodo repository (38).\n\nSupplemental Material - abe0298_He_SM.pdf
", "abstract": "Iodic acid (HIO\u2083) is known to form aerosol particles in coastal marine regions, but predicted nucleation and growth rates are lacking. Using the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber, we find that the nucleation rates of HIO\u2083 particles are rapid, even exceeding sulfuric acid\u2013ammonia rates under similar conditions. We also find that ion-induced nucleation involves IO\u2083\u207b and the sequential addition of HIO\u2083 and that it proceeds at the kinetic limit below +10\u00b0C. In contrast, neutral nucleation involves the repeated sequential addition of iodous acid (HIO\u2082) followed by HIO\u2083, showing that HIO\u2082 plays a key stabilizing role. Freshly formed particles are composed almost entirely of HIO\u2083, which drives rapid particle growth at the kinetic limit. Our measurements indicate that iodine oxoacid particle formation can compete with sulfuric acid in pristine regions of the atmosphere.", "date": "2021-02-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "371", "number": "6529", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "589-595", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210204-142442098", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210204-142442098", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "316114" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "307331" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "310682" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "266388" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "3282290" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "306853" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "296628" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "229574" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "333397" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "326948" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1325656" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "692891" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "714621" }, { "agency": "Finnish IT Center for Science (CSC)" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3951-N36" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P27295-N20" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_159851" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1620530" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1531284" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1649147" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "665779" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "272041" }, { "agency": "European Regional Development Fund", "grant_number": "MOBTT42" }, { "agency": "Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change" }, { "agency": "Yangtze River Delta Atmosphere and Earth System Science National Observation and Research Station" }, { "agency": "Estonian Research Council", "grant_number": "PRG714" }, { "agency": "National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)", "grant_number": "K116788" }, { "agency": "National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary)", "grant_number": "K132254" }, { "agency": "NASA Graduate Fellowship", "grant_number": "NNX16AP36H" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "654109" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.abe0298", "primary_object": { "basename": "abe0298_He_SM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ak6ex-ar823/files/abe0298_He_SM.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "He, Xu-Cheng; Tham, Yee Jun; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/npa4g-rjj03", "eprint_id": 106296, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:41:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:30:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhou-Lian", "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Lian" } }, { "id": "Yao-Maosheng", "name": { "family": "Yao", "given": "Maosheng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1442-8054" }, { "id": "Zhang-Xiang", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Xiang" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4462-3798" }, { "id": "Hu-Bicheng", "name": { "family": "Hu", "given": "Bicheng" } }, { "id": "Li-Xinyue", "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Xinyue" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0822-4960" }, { "id": "Chen-Haoxuan", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Haoxuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8398-9093" }, { "id": "Zhang-Lu", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Lu" } }, { "id": "Liu-Yun", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Yun" } }, { "id": "Du-Meng", "name": { "family": "Du", "given": "Meng" } }, { "id": "Sun-Bochao", "name": { "family": "Sun", "given": "Bochao" } }, { "id": "Jiang-Yunyu", "name": { "family": "Jiang", "given": "Yunyu" } }, { "id": "Zhou-Kai", "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Kai" } }, { "id": "Hong-Jie", "name": { "family": "Hong", "given": "Jie" } }, { "id": "Yu-Na", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Na" } }, { "id": "Ding-Zhen", "name": { "family": "Ding", "given": "Zhen" } }, { "id": "Xu-Yan", "name": { "family": "Xu", "given": "Yan" } }, { "id": "Hu-Min", "name": { "family": "Hu", "given": "Min" } }, { "id": "Morawska-Lidia", "name": { "family": "Morawska", "given": "Lidia" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0594-9683" }, { "id": "Grinshpun-Sergey-A", "name": { "family": "Grinshpun", "given": "Sergey A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4339-927X" }, { "id": "Biswas-Pratim", "name": { "family": "Biswas", "given": "Pratim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1104-3738" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Zhu-Baoli", "name": { "family": "Zhu", "given": "Baoli" } }, { "id": "Liu-Wenqing", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Wenqing" } }, { "id": "Zhang-Yuanhang", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Yuanhang" } } ] }, "title": "Breath-, air- and surface-borne SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Exhaled breath; Airborne transmission; Surface-borne", "note": "\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nReceived 4 September 2020, Revised 5 October 2020, Accepted 6 October 2020, Available online 15 October 2020. \n\nThis research was equally supported by the Chinese Academy of Engineering Grant (2020-ZD-15), and a National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant (22040101) (PI: M. Yao) dedicated to the COVID-19 pandemic. This work was also partially supported by the NSFC Distinguished Young Scholars Fund Awarded to M. Yao (21725701), and the Scientific Research Fund of Jiangsu Provincial Health Committee (S2017002).\n\nCRediT authorship contribution statement:\nLian Zhou: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Maosheng Yao: Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Data interpretation, Formal analysis, Resources, Investigation, Funding acquisition. Xiang Zhang: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Bicheng Hu: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Xinyue Li: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Haoxuan Chen: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Lu Zhang: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Yun Liu: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Meng Du: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Bochao Sun: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Yunyu Jiang: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Kai Zhou: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Jie Hong: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Na Yu: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Zhen Ding: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Yan Xu: Data curation, Resources, Validation, Investigation. Min Hu: Data interpretation, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Formal analysis, Validation. Lidia Morawska: Data interpretation, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Formal analysis, Validation. Sergey A. Grinshpun: Data interpretation, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Formal analysis, Validation. Pratim Biswas: Data interpretation, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Formal analysis, Validation. Richard C. Flagan: Data interpretation, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Formal analysis, Validation. Baoli Zhu: Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Data interpretation, Formal analysis, Resources, Investigation, Funding acquisition. Wenqing Liu: Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Data interpretation, Formal analysis, Resources, Investigation, Funding acquisition. Yuanhang Zhang: Supervision, Conceptualization, Methodology, Data interpretation, Formal analysis, Resources, Investigation, Funding acquisition.\n\nDeclaration of competing interest:\nThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.\n\nPublished - 1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-main.pdf
Submitted - 2020.05.31.20115196v1.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-mmc1.docx
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-mmc2.xlsx
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-mmc3.pdf
", "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented crisis to the global health sector. When discharging COVID-19 patients in accordance with throat or nasal swab protocols using RT-PCR, the potential risk of reintroducing the infection source to humans and the environment must be resolved. Here, 14 patients including 10 COVID-19 subjects were recruited; exhaled breath condensate (EBC), air samples and surface swabs were collected and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in four hospitals with applied natural ventilation and disinfection practices in Wuhan. Here we discovered that 22.2% of COVID-19 patients (n = 9), who were ready for hospital discharge based on current guidelines, had SARS-CoV-2 in their exhaled breath (~10\u2075 RNA copies/m\u00b3). Although fewer surface swabs (3.1%, n = 318) tested positive, medical equipment such as face shield frequently contacted/used by healthcare workers and the work shift floor were contaminated by SARS-CoV-2 (3\u20138 viruses/cm\u00b2). Three of the air samples (n = 44) including those collected using a robot-assisted sampler were detected positive by a digital PCR with a concentration level of 9\u2013219 viruses/m\u00b3. RT-PCR diagnosis using throat swab specimens had a failure rate of more than 22% in safely discharging COVID-19 patients who were otherwise still exhaling the SARS-CoV-2 by a rate of estimated ~1400 RNA copies per minute into the air. Direct surface contact might not represent a major transmission route, and lower positive rate of air sample (6.8%) was likely due to natural ventilation (1.6\u20133.3 m/s) and regular disinfection practices. While there is a critical need for strengthening hospital discharge standards in preventing re-emergence of COVID-19 spread, use of breath sample as a supplement specimen could further guard the hospital discharge to ensure the safety of the public and minimize the pandemic re-emergence risk.", "date": "2021-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "152", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "Art. No. 105693", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201027-093242333", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201027-093242333", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Chinese Academy of Engineering", "grant_number": "2020-ZD-15" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "22040101" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "21725701" }, { "agency": "Scientific Research Fund of Jiangsu Provincial Health Committee", "grant_number": "S2017002" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "COVID-19" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105693", "pmcid": "PMC7557302", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-main.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/npa4g-rjj03/files/1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-main.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-mmc1.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/npa4g-rjj03/files/1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-mmc1.docx" }, { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-mmc2.xlsx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/npa4g-rjj03/files/1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-mmc2.xlsx" }, { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-mmc3.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/npa4g-rjj03/files/1-s2.0-S0021850220301786-mmc3.pdf" }, { "basename": "2020.05.31.20115196v1.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/npa4g-rjj03/files/2020.05.31.20115196v1.full.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Zhou, Lian; Yao, Maosheng; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d2ka4-2y670", "eprint_id": 106856, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:20:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:07:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "He-Xu-Cheng", "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7416-306X" }, { "name": { "family": "Iyer", "given": "Siddharth" } }, { "name": { "family": "Sipil\u00e4", "given": "Mikko" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8594-7003" }, { "name": { "family": "Ylisirni\u00f6", "given": "Arttu" } }, { "name": { "family": "Peltola", "given": "Maija" } }, { "name": { "family": "Kontkanen", "given": "Jenni" } }, { "name": { "family": "Baalbaki", "given": "Rima" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4480-2107" }, { "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4900-7460" }, { "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "name": { "family": "Tham", "given": "Yee Jun" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7924-5841" }, { "name": { "family": "Pesonen", "given": "Janne" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ahonen", "given": "Lauri R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2534-6898" }, { "id": "Amanatidis-Stavros", "name": { "family": "Amanatidis", "given": "Stavros" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4924-8424" }, { "name": { "family": "Amorim", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0638-2321" }, { "name": { "family": "Baccarini", "given": "Andrea" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4614-247X" }, { "name": { "family": "Beck", "given": "Lisa" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3700-5895" }, { "name": { "family": "Bianchi", "given": "Federico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2996-3604" }, { "name": { "family": "Brilke", "given": "Sophia" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3133-249X" }, { "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Dexian" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6963-5205" }, { "name": { "family": "Chiu", "given": "Randall" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9892-2761" }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1105-9043" }, { "name": { "family": "Dias", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3197-9146" }, { "name": { "family": "Dommen", "given": "Josef" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0006-0009" }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8819-0264" }, { "name": { "family": "El Haddad", "given": "Imad" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2461-7238" }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8349-3714" }, { "name": { "family": "Fischer", "given": "Lukas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3141-9088" }, { "name": { "family": "Heinritzi", "given": "Martin" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hofbauer", "given": "Victoria" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9036-4446" }, { "name": { "family": "Kangasluoma", "given": "Juha" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1639-1187" }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "name": { "family": "Koenig", "given": "Theodore K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3756-4315" }, { "name": { "family": "Kube\u010dka", "given": "Jakub" } }, { "name": { "family": "Kvashnin", "given": "Aleksandr" } }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5166-6353" }, { "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Chuan Ping" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0051-8179" }, { "name": { "family": "Leiminger", "given": "Markus" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3343-5425" }, { "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Zijun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2973-1216" }, { "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2242-1055" }, { "name": { "family": "Xiao", "given": "Mao" } }, { "name": { "family": "Marten", "given": "Ruby" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0417-4350" }, { "name": { "family": "Nie", "given": "Wei" } }, { "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9946-9762" }, { "name": { "family": "Partoll", "given": "Eva" } }, { "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1881-9044" }, { "name": { "family": "Salo", "given": "Vili-Taneli" } }, { "name": { "family": "Schuchmann", "given": "Simone" } }, { "name": { "family": "Steiner", "given": "Gerhard" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3008-1414" }, { "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1014-1360" }, { "name": { "family": "Stozhkov", "given": "Yuri" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1917-0328" }, { "name": { "family": "Tauber", "given": "Christian" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1453-1067" }, { "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9144-7120" }, { "name": { "family": "V\u00e4is\u00e4nen", "given": "Olli" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5674-7013" }, { "name": { "family": "Vazquez-Pufleau", "given": "Miguel" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6836-5098" }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0899-1369" }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Andrea C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3159-9434" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5782-2513" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Yonghong" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2498-9143" }, { "name": { "family": "Wimmer", "given": "Daniela" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5539-9958" }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6861-6029" }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Yusheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Yan", "given": "Chao" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5735-9597" }, { "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Qing" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3797-8988" }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtinen", "given": "Kari" } }, { "name": { "family": "Nieminen", "given": "Tuomo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2713-715X" }, { "name": { "family": "Manninen", "given": "Hanna E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0419-4020" }, { "name": { "family": "Rissanen", "given": "Matti P." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0463-8098" }, { "name": { "family": "Schobesberger", "given": "Siegfried" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5777-4897" }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-2706" }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1062-2394" }, { "name": { "family": "Kerminen", "given": "Veli-Matti" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Kurt\u00e9n", "given": "Theo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6416-4931" }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" } ] }, "title": "Determination of the collision rate coefficient between charged iodic acid clusters and iodic acid using the appearance time method", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits\nunrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nReceived 27 Jun 2020, Accepted 09 Oct 2020, Accepted author version posted online: 28 Oct 2020, Published online: 11 Nov 2020. \n\nX.-C.H., S.I., V.-M.K, R.C.F., J.Kon., J.Kir., T.K. and M.K. wrote and/or edited the manuscript. X.-C.H., M.Sip., J.Kir. and M.K. designed the experiments. X.-C.H. and J.P. derived equations. X.-C.H. designed, wrote and ran the kinetic model. S.I., T.K. and X.-C.H. performed quantum chemical calculations. X.-C.H., A.Y., M.P., R.B., M.Sim. analyzed data. All other authors participated in either the development and preparations of the CLOUD facility and the instruments, and/or collecting and analysing the data. \n\nWe thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received supports from the Academy of Finland projects (316114, 307331, 310682, 266388, 306853, 296628, 299574, 326948); The European Research Council projects (692891, 616075, 764991, 316662, 742206, 714621); CSC \u2013 Finnish IT center; Austrian Science fund (FWF, J3951-N36, P27295-N20); the Swiss National Science Foundation (20FI20_159851, 200021_169090, 200020_172602, 20FI20_172622); the U.S. National Science Foundation Grants (AGS1447056, AGS1439551, AGS1801897, AGS1649147, AGS1801280, AGS1602086, AGS1801329); MSCA H2020 COFUND-FP-CERN-2014 fellowship (665779); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research: CLOUD-16 (01LK1601A); Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Atmospheric Sciences (grant no. 272041).\n\nSupplemental Material - uast_a_1839013_sm8224.docx
", "abstract": "Ions enhance the formation rate of atmospheric aerosol particles, which play an important role in Earth's radiative balance. Ion-induced nucleation involves the stepwise accretion of neutral monomers onto a molecular cluster containing an ion, which helps to stabilize the cluster against evaporation. Although theoretical frameworks exist to calculate the collision rate coefficients between neutral molecules and ions, they need to be experimentally confirmed, ideally under atmospherically relevant conditions of around 1000 ion pairs cm\u207b\u00b3. Here, in experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the CERN CLOUD chamber, we have measured the collision rate coefficients between neutral iodic acid (HIO\u2083) monomers and charged iodic acid molecular clusters containing up to 11 iodine atoms. Three methods were analytically derived to calculate ion-polar molecule collision rate coefficients. After evaluation with a kinetic model, the 50% appearance time method is found to be the most robust. The measured collision rate coefficient, averaged over all iodine clusters, is (2.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8)\u00d710\u207b\u2079 cm\u00b3 s\u207b\u00b9, which is close to the expectation from the surface charge capture theory.", "date": "2020-11-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "55", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "231-242", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201201-095744497", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201201-095744497", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "316114" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "307331" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "310682" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "266388" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "306853" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "296628" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "326948" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "692891" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "714621" }, { "agency": "Finnish IT Center for Science (CSC)" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3951-N36" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P27295-N20" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_159851" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1649147" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "665779" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "272041" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2020.1839013", "primary_object": { "basename": "Determination_of_the_collision_rate_coefficient_between_charged_iodic_acid_clusters_and_iodic_acid_using_the_appearance_time_method.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d2ka4-2y670/files/Determination_of_the_collision_rate_coefficient_between_charged_iodic_acid_clusters_and_iodic_acid_using_the_appearance_time_method.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "uast_a_1839013_sm8224.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d2ka4-2y670/files/uast_a_1839013_sm8224.docx" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "He, Xu-Cheng; Iyer, Siddharth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1e4b8-q9z43", "eprint_id": 103601, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:33:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 16:31:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kangasluoma-J", "name": { "family": "Kangasluoma", "given": "Juha" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1639-1187" }, { "id": "Cai-Runlong", "name": { "family": "Cai", "given": "Runlong" } }, { "id": "Jiang-Jingkun", "name": { "family": "Jiang", "given": "Jingkun" } }, { "id": "Deng-Chenjuan", "name": { "family": "Deng", "given": "Chenjuan" } }, { "id": "Stolzenburg-D", "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1014-1360" }, { "id": "Ahonen-L-R", "name": { "family": "Ahonen", "given": "Lauri R." } }, { "id": "Chan-Tommy", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Tommy" } }, { "id": "Fu-Yueyun", "name": { "family": "Fu", "given": "Yueyun" } }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "id": "Laurila-T-M", "name": { "family": "Laurila", "given": "Tiia M." } }, { "id": "Zhou-Ying", "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Ying" } }, { "id": "Dada-Lubna", "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" } }, { "id": "Sulo-Juha", "name": { "family": "Sulo", "given": "Juha" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9027-0351" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Kulmala-M", "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" } }, { "id": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4-T", "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" } }, { "id": "Lehtipalo-K", "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" } } ] }, "title": "Overview of measurements and current instrumentation for 1\u201310\u202fnm aerosol particle number size distributions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. \n\nReceived 15 November 2019, Revised 29 April 2020, Accepted 9 May 2020, Available online 30 May 2020. \n\nWe are indebted for the anonymous reviewer for the extensive, insightful and detailed reviews. This work was supported by UHEL Faculty of Science support grant (75284140) and 3-year grant (75284132), Finnish Academy of Science projects (1325656, 1306853 and 1296628), Academy of Finland Center of Excellence in Atmospheric Sciences (272041), ERC Grant NANODYNAMITE (616075), ERC grant ATM-GTP (742206), National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC0209503), National Science Foundation of China (21876094), Pusan National University Research Grant, 2018, National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2019R1F1A1058854), and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 654109 and previously from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007\u20132013) under grant agreement n\u00b0 262254.\n\nPublished - 1-s2.0-S0021850220300732-main.pdf
Supplemental Material - 1-s2.0-S0021850220300732-mmc1.docx
", "abstract": "Interest in understanding gas-to-particle phase transformation in several disciplines such as atmospheric sciences, material synthesis, and combustion has led to the development of several distinct instruments that can measure the particle size distributions down to the sizes of large molecules and molecular clusters, at which the initial particle formation and growth takes place. These instruments, which include the condensation particle counter battery, a variety of electrical mobility spectrometers and the particle size magnifier, have been usually characterized in laboratory experiments using carefully prepared calibration aerosols. They are then applied, alone or in combination, to study the gas-to-particle transition in experiments that produce particles with a wide range of compositions and other properties. Only a few instrument intercomparisons in either laboratory or field conditions have been reported, raising the question: how accurately can the sub-10 nm particle number size distributions be measured with the currently available instrumentation? Here, we review previous studies in which sub-10 nm particle size distributions have been measured with at least two independent instruments. We present recent data from three sites that deploy the current state-of-the-art instrumentation: Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4, Beijing, and the CLOUD chamber. After discussing the status of the sub-10 nm size distribution measurements, we present a comprehensive uncertainty analysis for these methods that suggests that our present understanding on the sources of uncertainties quite well captures the observed deviations between different instruments in the size distribution measurements. Finally, based on present understanding of the characteristics of a number of systems in which gas-to-particle conversion takes place, and of the instrumental limitations, we suggest guidelines for selecting suitable instruments for various applications.", "date": "2020-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "148", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "Art. No. 105584", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200601-131656962", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200601-131656962", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "University of Helsinki", "grant_number": "75284140" }, { "agency": "University of Helsinki", "grant_number": "75284132" }, { "agency": "Finnish Academy of Science", "grant_number": "1325656" }, { "agency": "Finnish Academy of Science", "grant_number": "1306853" }, { "agency": "Finnish Academy of Science", "grant_number": "1296628" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "272041" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "National Key Research and Development Program of China", "grant_number": "2017YFC0209503" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "21876094" }, { "agency": "Pusan National University Research", "grant_number": "2018" }, { "agency": "National Research Foundation of Korea", "grant_number": "NRF-2019R1F1A1058854" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "654109" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "262254" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105584", "primary_object": { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0021850220300732-main.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1e4b8-q9z43/files/1-s2.0-S0021850220300732-main.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1-s2.0-S0021850220300732-mmc1.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1e4b8-q9z43/files/1-s2.0-S0021850220300732-mmc1.docx" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Kangasluoma, Juha; Cai, Runlong; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/60972-2mm65", "eprint_id": 105160, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:51:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:56:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Simon-M", "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4900-7460" }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1105-9043" }, { "name": { "family": "Heinritzi", "given": "Martin" } }, { "name": { "family": "Scholz", "given": "Wiebke" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2617-620X" }, { "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1014-1360" }, { "name": { "family": "Fischer", "given": "Lukas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3141-9088" }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Andrea C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3159-9434" }, { "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" } }, { "name": { "family": "R\u00f6rup", "given": "Birte" } }, { "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7416-306X" }, { "name": { "family": "Almeida", "given": "Jo\u00e3o" } }, { "name": { "family": "Baalbaki", "given": "Rima" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4480-2107" }, { "name": { "family": "Baccarini", "given": "Andrea" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4614-247X" }, { "name": { "family": "Bauer", "given": "Paulus S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0014-3082" }, { "name": { "family": "Beck", "given": "Lisa" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3700-5895" }, { "name": { "family": "Bergen", "given": "Anton" } }, { "name": { "family": "Bianchi", "given": "Federico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2996-3604" }, { "name": { "family": "Br\u00e4kling", "given": "Steffen" } }, { "name": { "family": "Brilke", "given": "Sophia" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3133-249X" }, { "name": { "family": "Caudillo", "given": "Lucia" } }, { "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Dexian" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6963-5205" }, { "name": { "family": "Chu", "given": "Biwu" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7548-5669" }, { "name": { "family": "Dias", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" } }, { "name": { "family": "Draper", "given": "Danielle C." } }, { "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" } }, { "name": { "family": "El-Haddad", "given": "Imad" } }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8349-3714" }, { "name": { "family": "Frege", "given": "Carla" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7833-8771" }, { "name": { "family": "Gonzalez-Carracedo", "given": "Loic" } }, { "name": { "family": "Gordon", "given": "Hamish" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1822-3224" }, { "name": { "family": "Granzin", "given": "Manuel" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hakala", "given": "Jani" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hofbauer", "given": "Victoria" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hoyle", "given": "Christopher R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1369-9143" }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "Weimeng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" } }, { "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Chuan P." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0051-8179" }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-2706" }, { "name": { "family": "Leiminger", "given": "Markus" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3343-5425" }, { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "name": { "family": "Manninen", "given": "Hanna E." } }, { "name": { "family": "Marie", "given": "Guillaume" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1454-0908" }, { "name": { "family": "Marten", "given": "Ruby" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0417-4350" }, { "name": { "family": "Mentler", "given": "Bernhard" } }, { "name": { "family": "Molteni", "given": "Ugo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1623-1933" }, { "name": { "family": "Nichman", "given": "Leonid" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3923-1589" }, { "name": { "family": "Nie", "given": "Wei" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ojdanic", "given": "Andrea" } }, { "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" } }, { "name": { "family": "Partoll", "given": "Eva" } }, { "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1881-9044" }, { "name": { "family": "Pfeifer", "given": "Joschka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9172-4447" }, { "name": { "family": "Philippov", "given": "Maxim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4302-0020" }, { "name": { "family": "Qu\u00e9l\u00e9ver", "given": "Lauriane L. J." } }, { "name": { "family": "Ranjithkumar", "given": "Ananth" } }, { "name": { "family": "Rissanen", "given": "Matti P." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0463-8098" }, { "name": { "family": "Schallhart", "given": "Simon" } }, { "name": { "family": "Schobesberger", "given": "Siegfried" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5777-4897" }, { "name": { "family": "Schuchmann", "given": "Simone" } }, { "name": { "family": "Shen", "given": "Jiali" } }, { "name": { "family": "Sipil\u00e4", "given": "Mikko" } }, { "name": { "family": "Steiner", "given": "Gerhard" } }, { "name": { "family": "Stozhkov", "given": "Yuri" } }, { "name": { "family": "Tauber", "given": "Christian" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1453-1067" }, { "name": { "family": "Tham", "given": "Yee J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7924-5841" }, { "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio R." } }, { "name": { "family": "Vazquez-Pufleau", "given": "Miguel" } }, { "name": { "family": "Vogel", "given": "Alexander L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1293-6370" }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Robert" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Dongyu S." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7549-1578" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Yonghong" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2498-9143" }, { "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Stefan K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7408-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Yusheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Xiao", "given": "Mao" } }, { "name": { "family": "Yan", "given": "Chao" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5735-9597" }, { "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Penglin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6954-4028" }, { "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Qing" } }, { "name": { "family": "Zauner-Wieczorek", "given": "Marcel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0867-665X" }, { "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Xueqin" } }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" } }, { "name": { "family": "Dommen", "given": "Josef" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0006-0009" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1062-2394" }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0899-1369" }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." } }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" } ] }, "title": "Molecular understanding of new-particle formation from \u03b1-pinene between \u221250 and +25\u2009\u00b0C", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 15 Nov 2019 \u2013 Discussion started: 21 Jan 2020 \u2013 Revised: 27 May 2020 \u2013 Accepted: 19 Jun 2020 \u2013 Published: 03 Aug 2020. \n\nWe thank Patrick Carrie, Louis-Philippe De Menezes, Jonathan Dumollard, Katja Ivanova, Francisco Josa, Timo Keber, Ilia Krasin, Robert Kristic, Abdelmajid Laassiri, Osman Maksumov, Frank Malkemper, Benjamin Marichy, Herve Martinati, Sergey Vitaljevich Mizin, Robert Sitals, Albin Wasem, and Mats Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment. \n\nThis research has received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, CLOUD-12 (01LK1222A) and CLOUD-16 (01LK1601A); the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme and European Union Horizon 2020 program (Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITNs no. 316662 \"CLOUD-TRAIN\", no. 764991 \"CLOUD-MOTION\", MSCA-IF no. 656994 \"nano-CAVa\", and MC-COFUND grant no. 600377); the European Research Council (ERC; project nos. 692891 \"DAMOCLES\", 638703 \"COALA\", 616075 \"NANODYNAMITE\", 335478 \"QAPPA\", 742206 \"ATM-GP\", 714621 \"GASPARCON\"); the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 20020_152907, 200020_172602, 20FI20_159851, 20FI20_172622); the Academy of Finland (Centre of Excellence no. 307331, projects 299574, 296628, 306853, 304013, 310682); the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation; the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation; the Nessling Foundation; the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. J3951-N36, project no. P27295-N20); the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG, project no. 846050); the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017); the Swedish Research Council Formas (project number 2015-749); Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120); the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN, 12-02-91522-CERN); the US National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGS1439551, CHE1012293, AGS1649147, AGS1602086, AGS1801280, AGS1801329, AGS1801574 and AGS1801897); the Wallace Research Foundation; the US Department of Energy (grant DE-SC0014469); the NERC GASSP project NE/J024252/1m; the Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award); the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/K015966/1); Dreyfus Award EP-11-117; the French National Research Agency through the PIA (Programme d'Investissement d'Avenir), the Regional Council Nord-Pas de Calais, and the European Funds for Regional Economic Development Labex-Cappa (grant no. ANR-11-LABX-0005-01). \n\nData availability: Data related to this article are available upon request to the corresponding authors. \n\nThe supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9183-2020-supplement. \n\nAuthor contributions: MSim, LD, MH, WS, DS, LF, ACW, BR, AK, XH, JA, RB, ABa, ABe, FB, SBr\u00e4, LC, DC, BC, AD, JDu, IE, HF, CF, LG, HG, MG, JH, VH, CK, WK, HL, CPL, KL, ML, HM, HEM, GM, BM, UM, AOn, EP, TP, JP, MP, LLJQ, MPR, SScho, SSchu, JS, MSip, GS, YS, YJT, ART, MV, AV, RW, MW, DSW, YW, SKW, YW, CY, PY, QY, MZ, XZ, RCF, RV, PMW and JK contributed to the development of the CLOUD facility and analysis instruments. MSim, LD, MH, WS, DS, LF, ACW, BR, XH, JA, RB, ABa, PSB, LB, ABe, FB, SBr\u00e4, SBri, LC, AD, DCD, JDu, IE, HF, LG, HG, MG, JH, VH, CRH, CK, WK, HL, CPL, KL, ML, HEM, GM, RM, BM, UM, LN, WN, AOj, EP, JP, LLJQ, AR, MPR, SScha, SSchu, JS, GS, YS, CT, YJT, ART, MV, AV, RW, DSW, YW, SKW, YW, MX, CY, PY, MZ, PMW and JK collected the data. MSim, LD, MH, WS, LF, ACW, BR, LG, CK, GM, BM, SKW, PY and RV performed modeling and analyzed the data. MSim, LD, MH, WS, DS, LF, ACW, BR, AK, HG, BM, UM, TP, MPR, PY, UB, JDo, RCF, AH, MK, DRW, NMD, JK and JC were involved in the scientific discussion and interpretation of the results. MSim, LD, MH, WS, AK, AV, UB, JDo, RCF, NMD, JK and JC contributed to the writing and editing of the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. \n\nSpecial issue statement: This article is part of the special issue \"The CERN CLOUD experiment (ACP/AMT inter-journal SI)\". It is not associated with a conference. \n\nReview statement: This paper was edited by Manish Shrivastava and reviewed by two anonymous referees.\n\nPublished - acp-20-9183-2020.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-20-9183-2020-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) contribute substantially to the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect air quality, human health and Earth's climate. HOMs are formed by rapid, gas-phase autoxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as \u03b1-pinene, the most abundant monoterpene in the atmosphere. Due to their abundance and low volatility, HOMs can play an important role in new-particle formation (NPF) and the early growth of atmospheric aerosols, even without any further assistance of other low-volatility compounds such as sulfuric acid. Both the autoxidation reaction forming HOMs and their NPF rates are expected to be strongly dependent on temperature. However, experimental data on both effects are limited. Dedicated experiments were performed at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN to address this question. In this study, we show that a decrease in temperature (from +25 to \u221250\u2009\u2218C) results in a reduced HOM yield and reduced oxidation state of the products, whereas the NPF rates (J_(1.7\u2009nm)) increase substantially. Measurements with two different chemical ionization mass spectrometers (using nitrate and protonated water as reagent ion, respectively) provide the molecular composition of the gaseous oxidation products, and a two-dimensional volatility basis set (2D VBS) model provides their volatility distribution. The HOM yield decreases with temperature from 6.2\u2009% at 25\u2009\u2218C to 0.7\u2009% at \u221250\u2009\u2218C. However, there is a strong reduction of the saturation vapor pressure of each oxidation state as the temperature is reduced. Overall, the reduction in volatility with temperature leads to an increase in the nucleation rates by up to 3 orders of magnitude at \u221250\u2009\u2218C compared with 25\u2009\u2218C. In addition, the enhancement of the nucleation rates by ions decreases with decreasing temperature, since the neutral molecular clusters have increased stability against evaporation. The resulting data quantify how the interplay between the temperature-dependent oxidation pathways and the associated vapor pressures affect biogenic NPF at the molecular level. Our measurements, therefore, improve our understanding of pure biogenic NPF for a wide range of tropospheric temperatures and precursor concentrations.", "date": "2020-08-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "20", "number": "15", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "9183-9207", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200831-092827810", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200831-092827810", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "600377" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "692891" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "638703" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "335478" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "714621" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20020_152907" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_159851" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "307331" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "296628" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "306853" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "304013" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "310682" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3951-N36" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P27295-N20" }, { "agency": "\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft", "grant_number": "846050" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "2015-749" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1649147" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "Wallace Research Foundation" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/J024252/1m" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/K015966/1" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)", "grant_number": "ANR-11-LABX-0005-01" }, { "agency": "Regional Council Nord-Pas de Calais" }, { "agency": "European Funds for Regional Economic Development" }, { "agency": "Labex-Cappa" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-20-9183-2020", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-20-9183-2020.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/60972-2mm65/files/acp-20-9183-2020.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-20-9183-2020-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/60972-2mm65/files/acp-20-9183-2020-supplement.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Simon, Mario; Dada, Lubna; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e76fg-12919", "eprint_id": 104536, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:18:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 20:34:39", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "MacDonald-A-B", "name": { "family": "MacDonald", "given": "Alexander B." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7238-3341" }, { "id": "Hossein-Mardi-A", "name": { "family": "Hossein Mardi", "given": "Ali" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8303-274X" }, { "id": "Dadashazar-H", "name": { "family": "Dadashazar", "given": "Hossein" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7054-4933" }, { "id": "Azadi-Aghdam-M", "name": { "family": "Azadi Aghdam", "given": "Mojtaba" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1720-2894" }, { "id": "Crosbie-E", "name": { "family": "Crosbie", "given": "Ewan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-8066" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" } ] }, "title": "On the relationship between cloud water composition and cloud droplet number concentration", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. \n\nReceived: 13 Mar 2020 \u2013 Discussion started: 19 Mar 2020 \u2013 Revised: 28 May 2020 \u2013 Accepted: 07 Jun 2020 \u2013 Published: 02 Jul 2020. \n\nAlexander B. MacDonald acknowledges support from the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT). We acknowledge Agilent Technologies for their support and Shane Snyder's laboratories for ICP-QQQ data. \n\nThis research has been supported by the Office of Naval Research (grant nos. N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-11-1- 0783, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-04-1-0118, and N00014-16-1-35 2567), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (grant no. 80NSSC19K0442), in support of the ACTIVATE Earth Venture Suborbital-3 (EVS-3) investigation, which is funded by NASA's Earth Science Division and managed through the Earth System Science Pathfinder Program Office. \n\nAuthor contributions. All coauthors contributed to some aspect of the data collection. ABM and AS conducted the data analysis and interpretation. ABM and AS prepared the article with contributions from all coauthors. \n\nData availability. All data used in this work can be found on the Figshare database (Sorooshian et al., 2017; https://figshare.com/articles/A_Multi-Year_Data_Set_on_Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation-Meteorology_Interactions_for_Marine_Stratocumulus_Clouds/5099983, last access: 27 June 2020).\n\nThe supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7645-2020-supplement. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. \n\nReview statement. This paper was edited by Lynn M. Russell and reviewed by two anonymous referees.\n\nPublished - acp-20-7645-2020.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-20-7645-2020-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Aerosol\u2013cloud interactions are the largest source of uncertainty in quantifying anthropogenic radiative forcing. The large uncertainty is, in part, due to the difficulty of predicting cloud microphysical parameters, such as the cloud droplet number concentration (N_d). Even though rigorous first-principle approaches exist to calculate Nd, the cloud and aerosol research community also relies on empirical approaches such as relating N_d to aerosol mass concentration. Here we analyze relationships between Nd and cloud water chemical composition, in addition to the effect of environmental factors on the degree of the relationships. Warm, marine, stratocumulus clouds off the California coast were sampled throughout four summer campaigns between 2011 and 2016. A total of 385 cloud water samples were collected and analyzed for 80 chemical species. Single- and multispecies log\u2013log linear regressions were performed to predict N_d using chemical composition. Single-species regressions reveal that the species that best predicts N_d is total sulfate (R\u00b2_(adj) = 0.40). Multispecies regressions reveal that adding more species does not necessarily produce a better model, as six or more species yield regressions that are statistically insignificant. A commonality among the multispecies regressions that produce the highest correlation with N_d was that most included sulfate (either total or non-sea-salt), an ocean emissions tracer (such as sodium), and an organic tracer (such as oxalate). Binning the data according to turbulence, smoke influence, and in-cloud height allowed for examination of the effect of these environmental factors on the composition\u2013Nd correlation. Accounting for turbulence, quantified as the standard deviation of vertical wind speed, showed that the correlation between N_d with both total sulfate and sodium increased at higher turbulence conditions, consistent with turbulence promoting the mixing between ocean surface and cloud base. Considering the influence of smoke significantly improved the correlation with N_d for two biomass burning tracer species in the study region, specifically oxalate and iron. When binning by in-cloud height, non-sea-salt sulfate and sodium correlated best with Nd at cloud top, whereas iron and oxalate correlated best with N_d at cloud base.", "date": "2020-07-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "20", "number": "13", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "7645-7665", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200723-122440192", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200723-122440192", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-16-1-35 2567" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "80NSSC19K0442" }, { "agency": "Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONACYT)" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-20-7645-2020", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-20-7645-2020-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e76fg-12919/files/acp-20-7645-2020-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-20-7645-2020.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e76fg-12919/files/acp-20-7645-2020.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "MacDonald, Alexander B.; Hossein Mardi, Ali; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t030q-tn741", "eprint_id": 103743, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:29:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:18:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schulze-Benjamin-C", "name": { "family": "Schulze", "given": "B. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6405-8872" }, { "id": "Charan-Sophia-M", "name": { "family": "Charan", "given": "S. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2023-6403" }, { "id": "Kenseth-Christopher-M", "name": { "family": "Kenseth", "given": "C. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3188-2336" }, { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "W." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "id": "Bates-Kelvin-H", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "K. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7544-9580" }, { "id": "Williams-W", "name": { "family": "Williams", "given": "W." } }, { "id": "Metcalf-Andrew-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalf", "given": "A. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Woods-R", "name": { "family": "Woods", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Characterization of aerosol hygroscopicity over the Northeast Pacific Ocean: Impacts on prediction of CCN and stratocumulus cloud droplet number concentrations", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosols; hygroscopicity; marine stratocumulus", "note": "\u00a9 2020 American Geophysical Union. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution\u2010NonCommercial\u2010NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non\u2010commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. \n\nReceived 10 FEB 2020; Accepted 23 MAY 2020; Accepted article online 3 JUN 2020. \n\nThis work was supported by Office of Naval Research Grants N00014\u201017\u20101\u20102719 and N00014\u201016\u20101\u20102567. AS was partially supported by NASA Grant 80NSSC19K0442 in support of the ACTIVATE Earth Venture Suborbital\u20103 (EVS\u20103) investigation, which is funded by NASA's Earth Science Division and managed through the Earth System Science Pathfinder Program Office. We would like to thank the crew of the CIRPAS Twin Otter for their assistance during the campaign. \n\nData Availability Statement: Airborne field data used in this work can be accessed on the Figshare database (Sorooshian et al., 2017: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5099983.v10).\n\nPublished - 2020EA001098.pdf
Supplemental Material - ess2590-sup-0001-2020ea001098-t-ds01.docx
Supplemental Material - ess2590-sup-0002-2020ea001098-t-ds02.docx
", "abstract": "During the Marine Aerosol Cloud and Wildfire Study (MACAWS) in June and July of 2018, aerosol composition and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) properties were measured over the N.E. Pacific to characterize the influence of aerosol hygroscopicity on predictions of ambient CCN and stratocumulus cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC). Three vertical regions were characterized, corresponding to the marine boundary layer (MBL), an above\u2010cloud organic aerosol layer (AC\u2010OAL), and the free troposphere (FT) above the AC\u2010OAL. The aerosol hygroscopicity parameter (\u03ba) was calculated from CCN measurements (\u03ba_(CCN)) and bulk aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements (\u03ba_(AMS)). Within the MBL, measured hygroscopicities varied between values typical of both continental environments (~0.2) and remote marine locations (~0.7). For most flights, CCN closure was achieved within 20% in the MBL. For five of the seven flights, assuming a constant aerosol size distribution produced similar or better CCN closure than assuming a constant \"marine\" hygroscopicity (\u03ba = 0.72). An aerosol\u2010cloud parcel model was used to characterize the sensitivity of predicted stratocumulus CDNC to aerosol hygroscopicity, size distribution properties, and updraft velocity. Average CDNC sensitivity to accumulation mode aerosol hygroscopicity is 39% as large as the sensitivity to the geometric median diameter in this environment. Simulations suggest CDNC sensitivity to hygroscopicity is largest in marine stratocumulus with low updraft velocities (<0.2 m s\u207b\u00b9), where accumulation mode particles are most relevant to CDNC, and in marine stratocumulus or cumulus with large updraft velocities (>0.6 m s\u207b\u00b9), where hygroscopic properties of the Aitken mode dominate hygroscopicity sensitivity.", "date": "2020-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Earth and Space Science", "volume": "7", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. e2020EA001098", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200608-101854097", "issn": "2333-5084", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200608-101854097", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-17-1-2719" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-16-1-2567" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "80NSSC19K0442" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2020ea001098", "primary_object": { "basename": "2020EA001098.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t030q-tn741/files/2020EA001098.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "ess2590-sup-0001-2020ea001098-t-ds01.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t030q-tn741/files/ess2590-sup-0001-2020ea001098-t-ds01.docx" }, { "basename": "ess2590-sup-0002-2020ea001098-t-ds02.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t030q-tn741/files/ess2590-sup-0002-2020ea001098-t-ds02.docx" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Schulze, B. C.; Charan, S. 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"Wagner", "given": "Andrea C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3159-9434" }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Yonghong" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2498-9143" }, { "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Stefan K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7408-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Wimmer", "given": "Daniela" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5539-9958" }, { "name": { "family": "Wlasits", "given": "Peter J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4291-6004" }, { "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Yusheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Qing" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3797-8988" }, { "name": { "family": "Zauner-Wieczorek", "given": "Marcel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0867-665X" }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" } }, { "name": { "family": "Carslaw", "given": "Kenneth S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6800-154X" }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1062-2394" }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "name": { "family": "Lelieveld", "given": "Jos" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6307-3846" }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0899-1369" }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6861-6029" } ] }, "title": "Enhanced growth rate of atmospheric particles from sulfuric acid", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. \n\nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\n\nReceived: 22 August 2019 \u2013 Discussion started: 15 November 2019. Revised: 12 May 2020 \u2013 Accepted: 31 May 2020 \u2013 Published: 25 June 2020. \n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We are also grateful to Patrick Carrie, Louis-Philippe De Menezes, Jonathan Dumollard, Katja Ivanova, Francisco Josa, Timo Keber, Ilia Krasin, Robert Kristic, Abdelmajid Laassiri, Osman Maksumov, Benjamin Marichy, Herve Martinati, Robert Sitals, Albin Wasem, Sergey Vitaljevich Mizin and Mats Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment. \n\nData availability: All of the datasets presented in this paper are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. \n\nThe supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-7359-2020-supplement. \n\nAuthor contributions: DS, MSim, AK, KL, HF, XH, SBri, MX, RB, AB, SBr\u00e4, LCM, DC, BC, AD, JDo, JDu, IEH, LF, LGC, MH, CK, WK, HL, CPL, ML, ZL, VM, HEM, TM, EP, JP, MP, MPR, SScho, SSchu, JS, MSip, GS, YS, YJT, AT, ACW, MW, YW, SKW, DW, PJW, YW, QY, MZW, UB, JC, RCF, RV, JK and PMW prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments. DS, MSim, AR, KL, XH, SBri, MX, AA, RB, AB, LB, SBr\u00e4, LCM, DC, LD, AD, JDu, IEH, HF, LF, LGC, MH, CK, TKK, WK, HL, CPL, ML, ZL, HEM, RM, TM, WN, EP, JP, MPR, BR, SSchu, GS, CT, YJT, AT, MVP, ACW, MW, SKW, DW, PJW, YW, QY and MZW collected the data. DS, MSim, AR, HG, TN, LP, LD, HF, SE, MH, CK, ACW and SKW analysed the data. DS, MS, AR, AK, KL, TN, XH, MX, JDo, JDu, IEH, TKK, TP, MPR, MSip, UB, KSC, JC, NMD, RCF, AH, MK, JL, RV, JK and PMW were involved in the scientific discussion and the interpretation of the data. DS, AK, KL, HG, NMD, JK and PMW wrote the paper. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\n\nThis article is part of the special issue \"The CERN CLOUD experiment (ACP/AMT inter-journal SI)\". It is not associated with a conference. \n\nThis research has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme (Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie action no. 764991 \"CLOUD-MOTION\"; MC-COFUND grant no. 665779 and ERC projects nos. 616075 \"NANODYNAMITE\" and 714621 \"GASPARCON\"), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. 01LK1601A \"CLOUD-16\"), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020_152907, 20FI20_159851, 200021_169090, 200020_172602 and 20FI20_172622), the Academy of Finland (project nos. 296628, 299574, 307331 and 310682), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project nos. J-3951, P27295-N20 and J-4241), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT; project no. CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGS-1649147, AGS-1801280, AGS-1602086 and AGS-1801329). Open access funding was provided by University of Vienna. \n\nReview statement: This paper was edited by Jonathan Abbatt and reviewed by David R. Hanson and two anonymous referees.\n\nPublished - acp-20-7359-2020.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-20-7359-2020-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "In the present-day atmosphere, sulfuric acid is the most important vapour for aerosol particle formation and initial growth. However, the growth rates of nanoparticles (<10\u2009nm) from sulfuric acid remain poorly measured. Therefore, the effect of stabilizing bases, the contribution of ions and the impact of attractive forces on molecular collisions are under debate. Here, we present precise growth rate measurements of uncharged sulfuric acid particles from 1.8 to 10\u2009nm, performed under atmospheric conditions in the CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) CLOUD chamber. Our results show that the evaporation of sulfuric acid particles above 2\u2009nm is negligible, and growth proceeds kinetically even at low ammonia concentrations. The experimental growth rates exceed the hard-sphere kinetic limit for the condensation of sulfuric acid. We demonstrate that this results from van der Waals forces between the vapour molecules and particles and disentangle it from charge\u2013dipole interactions. The magnitude of the enhancement depends on the assumed particle hydration and collision kinetics but is increasingly important at smaller sizes, resulting in a steep rise in the observed growth rates with decreasing size. Including the experimental results in a global model, we find that the enhanced growth rate of sulfuric acid particles increases the predicted particle number concentrations in the upper free troposphere by more than 50\u2009%.", "date": "2020-06-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "20", "number": "12", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "7359-7372", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200717-102144160", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200717-102144160", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "665779" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "714621" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_152907" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_159851" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "296628" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "307331" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "310682" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J-3951" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P27295-N20" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J-4241" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1649147" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "agency": "University of Vienna" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-20-7359-2020", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-20-7359-2020-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/werew-pj695/files/acp-20-7359-2020-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-20-7359-2020.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/werew-pj695/files/acp-20-7359-2020.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Stolzenburg, Dominik; Simon, Mario; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v94ng-82a60", "eprint_id": 103505, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:32:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 16:26:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yan-C", "name": { "family": "Yan", "given": "C." } }, { "name": { "family": "Nie", "given": "W." } }, { "name": { "family": "Vogel", "given": "A. 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C." } }, { "name": { "family": "Ylisirni\u00f6", "given": "A." } }, { "name": { "family": "Zha", "given": "Q." } }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "U." } }, { "name": { "family": "Carslaw", "given": "K. S." } }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "A." } }, { "name": { "family": "Riipinen", "given": "I." } }, { "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "J. N." } }, { "name": { "family": "Virtanen", "given": "A." } }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "P. M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "N. M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Kerminen", "given": "V.-M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Ehn", "given": "M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "D. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" } ] }, "title": "Size-dependent influence of NO\u2093 on the growth rates of organic aerosol particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).\n\nSubmitted 1 July 2019; Accepted 19 March 2020; Published 27 May 2020. \n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources. We thank P. Carrie, L. P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment. We thank the tofTools team for providing programs for data analysis of mass spectrometry. \n\nThis research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme and European Union's Horizon 2020 programme (Marie Curie ITN no. 316662 \"CLOUD-TRAIN,\" MSCA-IF no. 656994 \"nano-CAVa,\" MC-COFUND grant no. 600377, and ERC project no. 692891 \"DAMOCLES,\" no. 638703 \"COALA,\" no. 257360 \"MOCAPAF,\" no. 227463 \"ATMNUCLE,\" no. 616075 \"NANODYNAMITE,\" no. 335478 \"QAPPA,\" and no.742206 \"ATM-GTP\"), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos. 01LK0902A, 01LK1222A, and 01LK1601A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020_135307, 206620_141278, 200021_140663, and 206021_144947/1), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence no. 1118615, project nos. 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 299574, 138951, 251007, 317380, 320094, and 316114), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. J3951-N36), the Austrian Research Funding Association (FFG, project no. 846050), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council Formas (project no. 2015-749), Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGS1439551, CHE1012293, AGS1649147, and AGS1602086), the U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-SC0014469), the NERC GASSP project NE/J024252/1m, the Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award), United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council grant NE/K015966/1, Dreyfus Award EP-11-117, the French National Research Agency, the Nord-Pas de Calais, European Funds for Regional Economic Development Labex-Cappa grant ANR-11-LABX-0005-01, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, (D0512/41675145), and the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change. M.S. acknowledges funding from the Academy of Finland (3282290) and H2020 European Research Council ERC-StG (\"GASPARCON\", 714621). \n\nAuthor contributions: C.Y., W.N., K.L., M.E., and M.K. designed the experiments and wrote the paper. C.Y., W.N., A.L.V., L.D., K.L., D.S., R.W., M.X., and C.R. analyzed the main datasets. All other authors contributed to the design of the facility, preparation of the instruments, or data collection and commented on the manuscript. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\n\nData and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors. The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\n\nPublished - eaay4945.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - aay4945_SM.pdf
", "abstract": "Atmospheric new-particle formation (NPF) affects climate by contributing to a large fraction of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) drive the early particle growth and therefore substantially influence the survival of newly formed particles to CCN. Nitrogen oxide (NO\u2093) is known to suppress the NPF driven by HOMs, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we examine the response of particle growth to the changes of HOM formation caused by NO\u2093. We show that NO\u2093 suppresses particle growth in general, but the suppression is rather nonuniform and size dependent, which can be quantitatively explained by the shifted HOM volatility after adding NO\u2093. By illustrating how NO\u2093 affects the early growth of new particles, a critical step of CCN formation, our results help provide a refined assessment of the potential climatic effects caused by the diverse changes of NO\u2093 level in forest regions around the globe.", "date": "2020-05-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science Advances", "volume": "6", "number": "22", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "Art. No. eaay4945", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200527-142816830", "issn": "2375-2548", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200527-142816830", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "600377" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "692891" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "638703" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "257360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "335478" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_141278" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_140663" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206021_144947/1" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "138951" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251007" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "317380" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "320094" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "316114" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3951-N36" }, { "agency": "\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft", "grant_number": "846050" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "2015-749" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1649147" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/J024252/1m" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/K015966/1" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)", "grant_number": "ANR-11-LABX-0005-01" }, { "agency": "Nord-Pas de Calais" }, { "agency": "European Funds for Regional Economic Development" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "D0512/41675145" }, { "agency": "Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "3282290" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "714621" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aay4945", "pmcid": "PMC7253163", "primary_object": { "basename": "aay4945_SM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v94ng-82a60/files/aay4945_SM.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "eaay4945.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v94ng-82a60/files/eaay4945.full.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Yan, C.; Nie, W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7z1gv-rph48", "eprint_id": 104049, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:30:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:01:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-Yuanlong", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Yuanlong" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6726-8904" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Diffusional transfer function for the scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2020 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 06 Mar 2020, Accepted 20 Apr 2020, Accepted author version posted online: 29 Apr 2020, Published online: 21 May 2020. \n\nWe thank Huajun Mai for helpful discussion. \n\nThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AGS-1602086.\n\nSupplemental Material - uast_a_1760199_sm5414.pdf
", "abstract": "The scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS), or scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), uses the differential mobility analyzer (DMA) operated in scanning mode to measure particle size distribution rapidly. To obtain the actual size distribution, the real-time transfer function (transmission efficiency of particles of different mobilities) is necessary, which has previously been investigated with numerical simulations or semi-analytical calculations. We present here a rigorous derivation of the diffusional DMA transfer function for an increasing-voltage scan based on analytically resolving particle trajectories between the instrument inlet and the outlet. This requires a 2D integration in the inlet and outlet space over the contour plot of the particle mobility distribution that can successfully transmit through the scanning DMA. For the first time, we show that the up-scan DMA transfer function for non-diffusive particles is trapezoidal (instead of triangular). The key parameter that determines the shape of the scanning DMA transfer function is the ratio of the characteristic scanning time to the average residence time, which yields the same transfer function as that for the static DMA when the ratio gets sufficiently large. The effect of particle diffusion is included via an extended outlet. The dimensionless equations for the trajectories and the method presented here can be generalized to the column DMA of any geometry.", "date": "2020-05-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "54", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "1157-1168", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200625-112849901", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200625-112849901", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2020.1760199", "primary_object": { "basename": "uast_a_1760199_sm5414.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7z1gv-rph48/files/uast_a_1760199_sm5414.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Huang, Yuanlong; Seinfeld, John H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w4f4k-p3t68", "eprint_id": 101901, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:03:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:18:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Mingyi", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Mingyi" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5782-2513" }, { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "Weimeng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "name": { "family": "Marten", "given": "Ruby" } }, { "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Xu-Cheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Dexian" } }, { "name": { "family": "Pfeifer", "given": "Joschka" } }, { "name": { "family": "Heitto", "given": "Arto" } }, { "name": { "family": "Kontkanen", "given": "Jenni" } }, { "name": { "family": "Dada", "given": "Lubna" } }, { "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" } }, { "name": { "family": "Yli-Juuti", "given": "Taina" } }, { "name": { "family": "Manninen", "given": "Hanna E." } }, { "id": "Amanatidis-S", "name": { "family": "Amanatidis", "given": "Stavros" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4924-8424" }, { "name": { "family": "Amorim", "given": "Antonio" } }, { "name": { "family": "Baalbaki", "given": "Rima" } }, { "name": { "family": "Baccarini", "given": "Andrea" } }, { "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "David M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Bertozzi", "given": "Barbara" } }, { "name": { "family": "Br\u00e4kling", "given": "Steffen" } }, { "name": { "family": "Brilke", "given": "Sophia" } }, { "name": { "family": "Murillo", "given": "Luc\u00eda Caudillo" } }, { "name": { "family": "Chiu", "given": "Randall" } }, { "name": { "family": "Chu", "given": "Biwu" } }, { "name": { "family": "De Menezes", "given": "Louis-Philippe" } }, { "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" } }, { "name": { "family": "Finkenzeller", "given": "Henning" } }, { "name": { "family": "Carracedo", "given": "Loic Gonzalez" } }, { "name": { "family": "Granzin", "given": "Manuel" } }, { "name": { "family": "Guida", "given": "Roberto" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hofbauer", "given": "Victoria" } }, { "name": { "family": "Krechmer", "given": "Jordan" } }, { "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" } }, { "name": { "family": "Lamkaddam", "given": "Houssni" } }, { "name": { "family": "Lampim\u00e4ki", "given": "Markus" } }, { "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Chuan Ping" } }, { "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" } }, { "name": { "family": "Marie", "given": "Guillaume" } }, { "name": { "family": "Mathot", "given": "Serge" } }, { "name": { "family": "Mauldin", "given": "Roy L." } }, { "name": { "family": "Mentler", "given": "Bernhard" } }, { "name": { "family": "M\u00fcller", "given": "Tatjana" } }, { "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" } }, { "name": { "family": "Partoll", "given": "Eva" } }, { "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" } }, { "name": { "family": "Philippov", "given": "Maxim" } }, { "name": { "family": "Pospisilova", "given": "Veronika" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ranjithkumar", "given": "Ananth" } }, { "name": { "family": "Rissanen", "given": "Matti" } }, { "name": { "family": "R\u00f6rup", "given": "Birte" } }, { "name": { "family": "Scholz", "given": "Wiebke" } }, { "name": { "family": "Shen", "given": "Jiali" } }, { "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" } }, { "name": { "family": "Sipil\u00e4", "given": "Mikko" } }, { "name": { "family": "Steiner", "given": "Gerhard" } }, { "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" } }, { "name": { "family": "Tham", "given": "Yee Jun" } }, { "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Andrea C." } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Dongyu S." } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Yonghong" } }, { "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Stefan K." } }, { "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Wlasits", "given": "Peter J." } }, { "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Yusheng" } }, { "name": { "family": "Xiao", "given": "Mao" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Qing" } }, { "name": { "family": "Zauner-Wieczorek", "given": "Marcel" } }, { "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Xueqin" } }, { "name": { "family": "Volkamer", "given": "Rainer" } }, { "name": { "family": "Riipinen", "given": "Ilona" } }, { "name": { "family": "Dommen", "given": "Josef" } }, { "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" } }, { "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" } }, { "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" } }, { "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." } }, { "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "name": { "family": "El-Haddad", "given": "Imad" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." } } ] }, "title": "Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atmospheric science; Climate change", "note": "\u00a9 2020 Springer Nature Limited. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. \n\nReceived 26 September 2019; Accepted 17 March 2020; Published 13 May 2020. \n\nWe thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received funding from the US National Science Foundation (NSF; grant numbers AGS1602086, AGS1801329 and AGS-1801280); a NASA graduate fellowship (grant number NASA-NNX16AP36H); a Carnegie Mellon University Scott Institute Visiting Fellows grant; the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant numbers 200021_169090, 200020_172602 and 20FI20_172622); the European Community (EC) Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union (EU) H2020 programme (Marie Sk\u0142odowska Curie ITN CLOUD-TRAIN grant number 316662 and CLOUD-MOTION grant number 764991); a European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant (number ATM-GP 227463); an ERC Consolidator Grant (NANODYNAMITE 616075); an ERC Starting Grant (GASPARCON 714621), the Academy of Finland (grants 306853, 296628, 316114 and 299544); the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence programme (grant 307331); the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (CLOUD-12 number 01LK1222A and CLOUD-16 number 01LK1601A); the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation Wallenberg Academy Fellow project AtmoRemove (grant number 2015.0162); the Austrian Science Fund (grant number P 27295-N20); the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (grant number CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017); and the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences ('High energy physics and neutrino astrophysics' 2015). The FIGAERO-CIMS was supported by a Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) grant for the US NSF (AGS-1531284), and by the Wallace Research Foundation. We thank H. Cawley for producing Fig. 4a. \n\nData availability: The full dataset shown in the figures and tables is publicly available(58). All data shown in the figures and tables and additional raw data are available upon request from the corresponding author. Source data for Figs. 1\u20134 and Extended Data Figs. 1\u20137 are provided with the paper. \n\nCode availability: Codes for the MABNAG and nano-K\u00f6hler simulations and for conducting the analysis presented here can be obtained upon request from the corresponding author. \n\nAuthor Contributions: M.W., R.M., J. Dommen, U.B., J. Kirkby, I.E-H. and N.M.D. planned the experiments. M.W., W.K., R.M., X-C.H., D.C., J.P., A.K., H.E.M., S.A., A.B., S. Br\u00e4kling, S. Brilke, L.C.M., B.C., L-P.D.M., J. Duplissy, H.F., L.G.C., M.G., R.G., A. Hansel, V.H., J.K., K.L., H.L., C.P.L., V.M., G.M., S.M., B.M., T.M., A.O., E.P., T.P., M.P., V.P., M.R., B.R., W.S., J.S., M. Simon, M. Sipil\u00e4, G.S., D.S., Y.J.T., A.T., R.V., A.C.W., D.S.W., Y. Wang, S.K.W., P.M.W., P.J.W., Y. Wu, Q.Y., M.Z.-W., X.Z., J. Kirkby, I.E.-H. and R.C.F. prepared the CLOUD facility or measuring instruments. M.W., W.K., R.M., X.-C.H., D.C., J.P., L.D., H.E.M., S.A., A.A., R.B., A.B., D.M.B., B.B., S. Br\u00e4kling, S. Brilke, R.C., H.F., L.G.C., M.G., V.H., J.S., J. Duplissy, H.L., M.L., C.P.L., V.M., G.M., R.L.M., B.M., T.M., E.P., V.P., A.R., M.R., B.R., W.S., M. Simon, G.S., D.S., Y.J.T., A.T., A.C.W., D.S.W., Y. Wang, S.K.W., P.M.W., P.J.W., Y. Wu, M.X., M.Z.-W., X.Z., J. Kirkby and I.E.-H. collected the data. M.W., W.K., R.M., X.-C.H., D.C., J.P., A. Heitto, J. Kontkanen, L.D., A.K., T.Y.-J., H.E.M., S.A., L.G.C., J.S., W.S., M. Simon, D.S., D.S.W., S.K.W., P.M.W., I.E.-H., R.C.F. and N.M.D. analysed the data. M.W., W.K., R.M., X.-C.H., D.C., A. Heitto, J. Kontkanen, T.Y.-J., H.E.M., D.M.B., H.L., D.S., R.V., M.X., I.R., J. Dommen, J.C., U.B., M.K., D.R.W., J. Kirkby, J.H.S., I.E.-H., R.C.F. and N.M.D. contributed to the scientific discussion. M.W., W.K., R.M., X.-C.H., D.C., J.P., A. Heitto, J. Kontkanen, T.Y.-J., I.R., J. Dommen, U.B., M.K., D.R.W., J. Kirkby, J.H.S., I.E.-H., R.C.F. and N.M.D. wrote the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing interests. \n\nPeer review information: Nature thanks Hugh Coe and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work.\n\nPublished - s41586-020-2270-4.pdf
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", "abstract": "A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog, but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling. If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner environments (1\u201310 nanometres per hour), then existing understanding suggests that new urban particles should be rapidly scavenged by the high concentration of pre-existing particles. Here we show, through experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the CLOUD chamber at CERN, that below about +5 degrees Celsius, nitric acid and ammonia vapours can condense onto freshly nucleated particles as small as a few nanometres in diameter. Moreover, when it is cold enough (below \u221215 degrees Celsius), nitric acid and ammonia can nucleate directly through an acid\u2013base stabilization mechanism to form ammonium nitrate particles. Given that these vapours are often one thousand times more abundant than sulfuric acid, the resulting particle growth rates can be extremely high, reaching well above 100 nanometres per hour. However, these high growth rates require the gas-particle ammonium nitrate system to be out of equilibrium in order to sustain gas-phase supersaturations. In view of the strong temperature dependence that we measure for the gas-phase supersaturations, we expect such transient conditions to occur in inhomogeneous urban settings, especially in wintertime, driven by vertical mixing and by strong local sources such as traffic. Even though rapid growth from nitric acid and ammonia condensation may last for only a few minutes, it is nonetheless fast enough to shepherd freshly nucleated particles through the smallest size range where they are most vulnerable to scavenging loss, thus greatly increasing their survival probability. We also expect nitric acid and ammonia nucleation and rapid growth to be important in the relatively clean and cold upper free troposphere, where ammonia can be convected from the continental boundary layer and nitric acid is abundant from electrical storms.", "date": "2020-05-14", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "581", "number": "7807", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "184-189", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200313-092203655", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200313-092203655", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801329" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801280" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NNX16AP36" }, { "agency": "Carnegie Mellon University" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "714621" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "306853" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "296628" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "316114" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299544" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "307331" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation", "grant_number": "2015.0162" }, { "agency": "Fonds zur F\u00f6rderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF)", "grant_number": "P 27295-N20" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1531284" }, { "agency": "Wallace Coulter Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41586-020-2270-4", "primary_object": { "basename": "41586_2020_2270_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w4f4k-p3t68/files/41586_2020_2270_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "41586_2020_2270_MOESM7_ESM.xlsx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w4f4k-p3t68/files/41586_2020_2270_MOESM7_ESM.xlsx" }, { "basename": 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"type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Amanatidis-S", "name": { "family": "Amanatidis", "given": "Stavros" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4924-8424" }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "id": "Spielman-S-R", "name": { "family": "Spielman", "given": "Steven R." } }, { "id": "Lewis-G-S", "name": { "family": "Lewis", "given": "Gregory S." } }, { "id": "Hering-S-V", "name": { "family": "Hering", "given": "Susanne V." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The Spider DMA: A miniature radial differential mobility analyzer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 02 Mar 2019, Accepted 26 May 2019, Accepted author version posted online: 07 Jun 2019, Published online: 19 Jun 2019. \n\nThe authors would like to thank Dr. Huajun Mai for helpful discussions and assistance in preparation of the experimental data acquisition software. \n\nThis research was supported by the Small Business Innovative Research and Small Business Technology Transfer Department of Energy Research Grant No. DE-SC0013152.\n\nSupplemental Material - uast_a_1626974_sm7768.pdf
", "abstract": "The Spider differential mobility analyzer (DMA) is a novel, miniaturized radial DMA developed to provide size classification in the 10\u2013500\u2009nm range for applications requiring high portability and time resolution. Its external dimensions are \u223c12\u2009cm in diameter by 6\u2009cm in height (excluding tubing); it weighs \u223c350\u2009g, and is designed to operate at 0.6\u20131.5\u2009L/min sheath and 0.3\u2009L/min sample flowrates. It features a new sample inlet geometry that is designed to produce a uniform azimuthal particle distribution at the entrance of the classifier, optimized sample/sheath flow streams introduction in the classifier to minimize particle delays, and extension of the electric field interaction volume for \u223c30% enhanced dynamic range. Based on three-dimensional finite element simulations of flows, electric fields, and particle trajectories, we demonstrate that the Spider DMA transfer functions can be predicted with high fidelity using a parameterized fit based on the Stolzenburg semi-analytical model. Experimental characterization of the instrument response with size-selected particles confirmed close agreement with model prediction; mobility size response is linear over three orders of magnitude in mobility span. Electrical ground shielding of the external surfaces of the DMA has been found to be necessary to avoid particle losses associated with field effects as the high voltage operating limit is approached. The mean deviation between the reference size of polystyrene latex spheres and the Spider DMA measurement is less than 2%, corroborating its high sizing precision and potential for high quality size distribution measurements.", "date": "2020-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "54", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "175-189", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190624-074058334", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190624-074058334", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0013152" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2019.1626974", "primary_object": { "basename": "uast_a_1626974_sm7768.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0s56x-07h37/files/uast_a_1626974_sm7768.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Amanatidis, Stavros; Kim, Changhyuk; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ttp1m-35z69", "eprint_id": 100256, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 03:03:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:47:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hossein-Mardi-A", "name": { "family": "Hossein Mardi", "given": "Ali" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8303-274X" }, { "id": "Dadashazar-H", "name": { "family": "Dadashazar", "given": "Hossein" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7054-4933" }, { "id": "MacDonald-A-B", "name": { "family": "MacDonald", "given": "Alexander B." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7238-3341" }, { "id": "Crosbie-E", "name": { "family": "Crosbie", "given": "Ewan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-8066" }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Azadi-Aghdam-M", "name": { "family": "Azadi Aghdam", "given": "Mojtaba" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1720-2894" }, { "id": "Woods-R-K", "name": { "family": "Woods", "given": "Roy K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3632-6374" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" } ] }, "title": "Effects of Biomass Burning on Stratocumulus Droplet Characteristics, Drizzle Rate, and Composition", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Biomass Burning; Stratocumulus; Aerosol; Cloud; EVS\u20103; ACTIVATE", "note": "\u00a9 2019 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 12 JUN 2019; Accepted 29 OCT 2019; Accepted article online 7 NOV 2019; Published online 28 NOV 2019. \n\nAll data used in this work can be found on the Figshare database (Sorooshian et al., 2018; https://figshare.com/articles/A_Multi\u2010Year_Data_Set_on_Aerosol\u2010Cloud\u2010Precipitation\u2010Meteorology_Interactions_for_Marine_Stratocumulus_Clouds/5099983). This work was funded by Office of Naval Research grants N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100811, N00014\u201011\u20101\u20100783, N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100200, N00014\u201004\u20101\u20100118, and N00014\u201016\u20101\u20102567. This work was also partially supported by NASA grant 80NSSC19K0442 in support of the ACTIVATE Earth Venture Suborbital\u20103 (EVS\u20103) investigation, which is funded by NASA's Earth Science Division and managed through the Earth System Science Pathfinder Program Office.\n\nPublished - Mardi_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd55864-sup-0001-2019jd031159-si.docx
", "abstract": "This study reports on airborne measurements of stratocumulus cloud properties under varying degrees of influence from biomass burning (BB) plumes off the California coast. Data are reported from five total airborne campaigns based in Marina, California, with two of them including influence from wildfires in different areas along the coast of the western United States. The results indicate that subcloud cloud condensation nuclei number concentration and mass concentrations of important aerosol species (organics, sulfate, nitrate) were better correlated with cloud droplet number concentration (N_d) as compared to respective above\u2010cloud aerosol data. Given that the majority of BB particles resided above cloud tops, this is an important consideration for future work in the region as the data indicate that the subcloud BB particles likely were entrained from the free troposphere. Lower cloud condensation nuclei activation fractions were observed for BB\u2010impacted clouds as compared to non\u2010BB clouds due, at least partly, to less hygroscopic aerosols. Relationships between N_d and either droplet effective radius or drizzle rate are preserved regardless of BB influence, indicative of how parameterizations can exhibit consistent skill for varying degrees of BB influence as long as N_d is known. Lastly, the composition of both droplet residual particles and cloud water changed significantly when clouds were impacted by BB plumes, with differences observed for different fire sources stemming largely from effects of plume aging time and dust influence.", "date": "2019-11-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "124", "number": "22", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "12301-12318", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20191210-083307503", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191210-083307503", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201011\u20101\u20100783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201004\u20101\u20100118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201016\u20101\u20102567" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "80NSSC19K0442" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2019jd031159", "primary_object": { "basename": "Mardi_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ttp1m-35z69/files/Mardi_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd55864-sup-0001-2019jd031159-si.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ttp1m-35z69/files/jgrd55864-sup-0001-2019jd031159-si.docx" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Hossein Mardi, Ali; Dadashazar, Hossein; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fs5n3-edj85", "eprint_id": 98865, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:40:04", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:41:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ye-Qing", "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Qing" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3797-8988" }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Molecular Composition and Volatility of Nucleated Particles from \u03b1-Pinene Oxidation between -50 \u00b0C and +25 \u00b0C", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: May 31, 2019; Revised: September 20, 2019; Accepted: September 25, 2019; Published: September 25, 2019. \n\nWe thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources. This research has received funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants AGS-1801574, AGS-1801897, AGS-1649147, and AGS-1602086; the EC Horizon 2020 Programme (Marie-Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network \"CLOUD-MOTION\" No. 764991); European Union Horizon 2020 programme MC\u2013COFUND Grant 665779; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (No. 01LK1601A); ERC-Consolidator Grant NANODYNAMITE 616075; Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 656994 (Nano-CAVa); ERC Advanced \"ATM-GP\" grant No. 227463; and the Swiss National Science Foundation Project 20FI20_159851, 200021_169090, 200020_172602 and 20FI20_172622. The FIGAERO\u2013CIMS was supported by an MRI grant for the U.S. NSF AGS-1531284 as well as the Wallace Research Foundation. Q.Y. was supported by a Faculty for the Future Fellowship from the Schlumberger Foundation. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interest.\n\nSupplemental Material - es9b03265_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "We use a real-time temperature-programmed desorption chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO\u2013CIMS) to measure particle-phase composition and volatility of nucleated particles, studying pure \u03b1-pinene oxidation over a wide temperature range (\u221250 \u00b0C to +25 \u00b0C) in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. Highly oxygenated organic molecules are much more abundant in particles formed at higher temperatures, shifting the compounds toward higher O/C and lower intrinsic (300 K) volatility. We find that pure biogenic nucleation and growth depends only weakly on temperature. This is because the positive temperature dependence of degree of oxidation (and polarity) and the negative temperature dependence of volatility counteract each other. Unlike prior work that relied on estimated volatility, we directly measure volatility via calibrated temperature-programmed desorption. Our particle-phase measurements are consistent with gas-phase results and indicate that during new-particle formation from \u03b1-pinene oxidation, gas-phase chemistry directly determines the properties of materials in the condensed phase. We now have consistency between measured gas-phase product concentrations, product volatility, measured and modeled growth rates, and the particle composition over most temperatures found in the troposphere.", "date": "2019-11-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "53", "number": "21", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "12357-12365", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190925-160827651", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190925-160827651", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801574" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1801897" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1649147" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "764991" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "665779" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20 159851" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021 169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020 172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20 172622" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1531284" }, { "agency": "Wallace Research Foundation" }, { "agency": "Schlumberger Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/acs.est.9b03265", "primary_object": { "basename": "es9b03265_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fs5n3-edj85/files/es9b03265_si_001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Ye, Qing; Kim, Changhyuk; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/te21b-a1e49", "eprint_id": 98592, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:07:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:29:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Bruce" } }, { "name": { "family": "Bauer", "given": "Susanne E." } }, { "name": { "family": "Braun", "given": "Rachel A." } }, { "name": { "family": "Cairns", "given": "Brian" } }, { "name": { "family": "Crosbie", "given": "Ewan" } }, { "name": { "family": "Dadashazar", "given": "Hossein" } }, { "name": { "family": "Diskin", "given": "Glenn" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ferrare", "given": "Richard" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Hair", "given": "Johnathan" } }, { "name": { "family": "Hostetler", "given": "Chris" } }, { "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." } }, { "name": { "family": "Kleb", "given": "Mary M." } }, { "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Hongyu" } }, { "name": { "family": "MacDonald", "given": "Alexander B." } }, { "name": { "family": "McComiskey", "given": "Allison" } }, { "name": { "family": "Moore", "given": "Richard" } }, { "name": { "family": "Painemal", "given": "David" } }, { "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "name": { "family": "Shook", "given": "Michael" } }, { "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "William L." } }, { "name": { "family": "Thornhill", "given": "Kenneth" } }, { "name": { "family": "Tselioudis", "given": "George" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Hailong" } }, { "name": { "family": "Zeng", "given": "Xubin" } }, { "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Bo" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ziemba", "given": "Luke" } }, { "name": { "family": "Zuidema", "given": "Paquita" } } ] }, "title": "Aerosol\u2013Cloud\u2013Meteorology Interaction Airborne Field Investigations: Using Lessons Learned from the U.S. West Coast in the Design of ACTIVATE off the U.S. East Coast", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 American Meteorological Society. \n\nFinal Form: 1 April 2019; Published online: 28 August 2019. \n\nACTIVATE is a NASA Earth Venture Suborbital-3 (EVS-3) investigation, funded by NASA's Earth Science Division and managed through the Earth System Science Pathfinder Program Office. The lead author (A.S.) acknowledges support from NASA grant 80NSSC19K0442 in support of ACTIVATE. The Twin Otter campaigns were sponsored by ONR Grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-04-1-0118, N00014-16-1-2567, N00014-04-1-0018, and N00014-08-1-0465, while E-PEACE was also supported by NSF Grants AGS-1013423 and AGS-1008848. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830.\n\nPublished - bams-d-18-0100.1.pdf
Supplemental Material - 10.1175_BAMS-D-18-0100.2.pdf
", "abstract": "We report on a multiyear set of airborne field campaigns (2005\u201316) off the California coast to examine aerosols, clouds, and meteorology, and how lessons learned tie into the upcoming NASA Earth Venture Suborbital (EVS-3) campaign: Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer the western ATlantic Experiment (ACTIVATE; 2019\u201323). The largest uncertainty in estimating global anthropogenic radiative forcing is associated with the interactions of aerosol particles with clouds, which stems from the variability of cloud systems and the multiple feedbacks that affect and hamper efforts to ascribe changes in cloud properties to aerosol perturbations. While past campaigns have been limited in flight hours and the ability to fly in and around clouds, efforts sponsored by the Office of Naval Research have resulted in 113 single aircraft flights (>500 flight hours) in a fixed region with warm marine boundary layer clouds. All flights used nearly the same payload of instruments on a Twin Otter to fly below, in, and above clouds, producing an unprecedented dataset. We provide here i) an overview of statistics of aerosol, cloud, and meteorological conditions encountered in those campaigns and ii) quantification of model-relevant metrics associated with aerosol\u2013cloud interactions leveraging the high data volume and statistics. Based on lessons learned from those flights, we describe the pragmatic innovation in sampling strategy (dual-aircraft approach with combined in situ and remote sensing) that will be used in ACTIVATE to generate a dataset that can advance scientific understanding and improve physical parameterizations for Earth system and weather forecasting models, and for assessing next-generation remote sensing retrieval algorithms.", "date": "2019-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society", "volume": "100", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Metereological Society", "pagerange": "1511-1528", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190911-155430158", "issn": "0003-0007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190911-155430158", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "80NSSC19K0442" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-16-1-2567" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0018" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-08-1-0465" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1013423" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1008848" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC05-76RLO1830" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/bams-d-18-0100.1", "primary_object": { "basename": "10.1175_BAMS-D-18-0100.2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/te21b-a1e49/files/10.1175_BAMS-D-18-0100.2.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "bams-d-18-0100.1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/te21b-a1e49/files/bams-d-18-0100.1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Anderson, Bruce; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v4xhc-b2396", "eprint_id": 96593, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:11:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 21:20:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schwantes-Rebecca-H", "name": { "family": "Schwantes", "given": "Rebecca H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7095-3718" }, { "id": "Charan-Sophia-M", "name": { "family": "Charan", "given": "Sophia M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2023-6403" }, { "id": "Bates-Kelvin-H", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "Kelvin H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7544-9580" }, { "id": "Huang-Yuanlong", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Yuanlong" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6726-8904" }, { "id": "Nguyen-Tran-B", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "Tran B." } }, { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "Weimeng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Low-volatility compounds contribute significantly to isoprene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) under high-NO_x conditions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. \n\nReceived: 29 Dec 2018 \u2013 Discussion started: 11 Jan 2019 \u2013 Revised: 11 Apr 2019 \u2013 Accepted: 08 May 2019 \u2013 Published: 03 Jun 2019. \n\nWe thank Dennis Fitz for assistance with maintenance and data analysis of the luminol NO_2/acyl peroxynitrate analyzer.\n\nThis research has been supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (grant no. AGS-1523500) and the National Science Foundation (grant no. 1745301). This material is based upon work supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, which is a major facility sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement no. 1852977. \n\nAuthor contributions. RHS designed the experiments. RHS and SMC performed the experiments. RHS analyzed the data with help from SMC, KHB, TBN, JHS, and YH. RHS did the kinetic modeling. YH, HM, WK, and RCF assisted RHS with DMA operation and data analysis. RHS wrote the paper with assistance from KHB, TBN, JHS, SMC, and YH. \n\nData availability. We welcome future collaboration with those who wish to use this data set for additional modeling purposes (e.g., creating volatility basis set parameters for global or regional models or for evaluating the results with a more complex box model that includes aerosol chemistry). Please contact Rebecca H. Schwantes (rschwant@ucar.edu). \n\nThe supplement related to this article is available online at: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7255-2019-supplement. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\n\nReview statement. This paper was edited by Jacqui Hamilton and reviewed by two anonymous referees.\n\nPublished - acp-19-7255-2019.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-19-7255-2019-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Recent advances in our knowledge of the gas-phase oxidation of isoprene, the impact of chamber walls on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields, and aerosol measurement analysis techniques warrant reevaluating SOA yields from isoprene. In particular, SOA from isoprene oxidation under high-NOx conditions forms via two major pathways: (1) low-volatility nitrates and dinitrates (LV pathway) and (2) hydroxymethyl-methyl-\u03b1-lactone (HMML) reaction on a surface or the condensed phase of particles to form 2-methyl glyceric acid and its oligomers (2MGA pathway). These SOA production pathways respond differently to reaction conditions. Past chamber experiments generated SOA with varying contributions from these two unique pathways, leading to results that are difficult to interpret. This study examines the SOA yields from these two pathways independently, which improves the interpretation of previous results and provides further understanding of the relevance of chamber SOA yields to the atmosphere and regional or global modeling. Results suggest that low-volatility nitrates and dinitrates produce significantly more aerosol than previously thought; the experimentally measured SOA mass yield from the LV pathway is \u223c0.15. Sufficient seed surface area at the start of the reaction is needed to limit the effects of vapor wall losses of low-volatility compounds and accurately measure the complete SOA mass yield. Under dry conditions, substantial amounts of SOA are formed from HMML ring-opening reactions with inorganic ions and HMML organic oligomerization processes. However, the lactone organic oligomerization reactions are suppressed under more atmospherically relevant humidity levels, where hydration of the lactone is more competitive. This limits the SOA formation potential from the 2MGA pathway to HMML ring-opening reactions with water or inorganic ions under typical atmospheric conditions. The isoprene SOA mass yield from the LV pathway measured in this work is significantly higher than previous studies have reported, suggesting that low-volatility compounds such as organic nitrates and dinitrates may contribute to isoprene SOA under high-NOx conditions significantly more than previously thought and thus deserve continued study.", "date": "2019-06-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "19", "number": "11", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "7255-7278", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190620-093004504", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190620-093004504", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1523500" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship", "grant_number": "DGE-1745301" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1852977" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-19-7255-2019", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-19-7255-2019-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v4xhc-b2396/files/acp-19-7255-2019-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-19-7255-2019.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v4xhc-b2396/files/acp-19-7255-2019.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Schwantes, Rebecca H.; Charan, Sophia M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/trym3-vq031", "eprint_id": 96761, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:57:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 21:30:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorensen-C-M", "name": { "family": "Sorensen", "given": "Christopher M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Baltensperger-U", "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" } }, { "id": "Pui-David-Y-H", "name": { "family": "Pui", "given": "David Y. H." } } ] }, "title": "Grand challenges for aerosol science and technology", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. \n\nAccepted author version posted online: 02 May 2019, Published online: 30 May 2019.\n\nPublished - Grand_challenges_for_aerosol_science_and_technology.pdf
", "abstract": "The Grand Challenges Workshop for Aerosol Science and Technology was organized for the International Aerosol Conference (IAC), in St Louis, September 2\u20137, 2018. The purpose of the workshop was to identify \"Grand Challenges\" for aerosol science and technology in the next decade and thereby indicate a viable research road map for the aerosol community.", "date": "2019-05-30", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "53", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "731-734", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190627-074633711", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190627-074633711", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2019.1611333", "primary_object": { "basename": "Grand_challenges_for_aerosol_science_and_technology.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/trym3-vq031/files/Grand_challenges_for_aerosol_science_and_technology.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Sorensen, Christopher M.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6e7ke-55k56", "eprint_id": 95060, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:27:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 18:31:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Braun-R-A", "name": { "family": "Braun", "given": "Rachel A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9353-9923" }, { "id": "Dadashazar-H", "name": { "family": "Dadashazar", "given": "Hossein" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7054-4933" }, { "id": "MacDonald-A-B", "name": { "family": "MacDonald", "given": "Alexander B." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7238-3341" }, { "id": "Crosbie-E", "name": { "family": "Crosbie", "given": "Ewan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-8066" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Woods-R-K", "name": { "family": "Woods", "given": "Roy K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3632-6374" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" } ] }, "title": "Cloud Adiabaticity and Its Relationship to Marine Stratocumulus Characteristics Over the Northeast Pacific Ocean", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 9 JUL 2018; Accepted 13 NOV 2018; Accepted article online 21 NOV 2018; Published online 16 DEC 2018. \n\nAll aircraft data used in this work can be found in the Figshare database (Sorooshian et al., 2018; https://figshare.com/articles/A_Multi\u2010Year_Data_Set_on_Aerosol\u2010Cloud\u2010Precipitation\u2010Meteorology_Interactions_for_Marine_Stratocumulus_Clouds/5099983). This work was funded by Office of Naval Research grants N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100811, N00014\u201011\u20101\u20100783, N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100200, N00014\u201004\u20101\u20100118, and N00014\u201016\u20101\u20102567. A. MacDonald acknowledges support from the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT). The Terra/MODIS Clouds 5\u2010Min L2 Swath 1km and 5km data sets were acquired from the Level\u20101 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC), located in the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland (https://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/).\n\nPublished - Braun_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd55112-sup-0001-2018jd029287-si.docx
", "abstract": "Cloud adiabaticity (\u03b1) is defined as the ratio of the actual liquid water path (LWP_(measured)) in a cloud to its corresponding adiabatic value (LWP_(ad)). Processes such as drizzle and entrainment can lead to subadiabatic LWP_(measured). This study examines \u03b1 and its relationship to microphysical properties for 86 cloud events over the Northeast Pacific Ocean based on data collected during four separate summertime airborne campaigns. For the study region, \u03b1 was found to be 0.766 \u00b1 0.134. For most cases, clouds with a low value of \u03b1 were found to have lower droplet number concentration (N_d), higher droplet effective radius (r_e), higher relative dispersion (d), and higher rain rate (R). The subcloud aerosol concentration (N_a) was often less for the low\u2010\u03b1 cases. The relationship between \u03b1 and the vertical profiles and cloud\u2010top characteristics for both the cloud droplet\u2010only spectrum and full spectrum (cloud and rain droplets) is also examined. Inclusion of rain droplets produced a larger change in d for the low\u2010\u03b1 clouds as compared to the high\u2010\u03b1 clouds. On average, R increased at cloud top for high\u2010\u03b1 clouds but decreased at cloud top for low\u2010\u03b1 clouds. Accounting for \u03b1 when estimating N_d from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer retrievals results in better agreement with in situ N_d values. Results of this work motivate the need for additional focus on the factors governing \u03b1, such as cloud type, and implications of its value, especially for remote\u2010sensing retrievals.", "date": "2018-12-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "123", "number": "24", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "13790-13806", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190429-072814298", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190429-072814298", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-16-1-2567" }, { "agency": "Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONACYT)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2018jd029287", "primary_object": { "basename": "Braun_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6e7ke-55k56/files/Braun_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd55112-sup-0001-2018jd029287-si.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6e7ke-55k56/files/jgrd55112-sup-0001-2018jd029287-si.docx" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Braun, Rachel A.; Dadashazar, Hossein; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p7fr7-d9t29", "eprint_id": 92566, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:28:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 15:51:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hossein-Mardi-A", "name": { "family": "Hossein Mardi", "given": "Ali" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8303-274X" }, { "id": "Dadashazar-H", "name": { "family": "Dadashazar", "given": "Hossein" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7054-4933" }, { "id": "MacDonald-A-B", "name": { "family": "MacDonald", "given": "Alexander B." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7238-3341" }, { "id": "Braun-R-A", "name": { "family": "Braun", "given": "Rachel A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9353-9923" }, { "id": "Crosbie-E", "name": { "family": "Crosbie", "given": "Ewan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-8066" }, { "id": "Xian-Peng", "name": { "family": "Xian", "given": "Peng" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7602-0524" }, { "id": "Thorsen-T-J", "name": { "family": "Thorsen", "given": "Tyler J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4405-3572" }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Fenn-M-A", "name": { "family": "Fenn", "given": "Marta A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6088-6200" }, { "id": "Ferrare-R-A", "name": { "family": "Ferrare", "given": "Richard A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1005-9730" }, { "id": "Hair-J-W", "name": { "family": "Hair", "given": "Johnathan W." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9672-1237" }, { "id": "Woods-R-K", "name": { "family": "Woods", "given": "Roy K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3632-6374" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" } ] }, "title": "Biomass Burning Plumes in the Vicinity of the California Coast: Airborne Characterization of Physicochemical Properties, Heating Rates, and Spatiotemporal Features", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "biomass burning; aerosol; injection height; stratocumulus clouds; Soberanes Fire; California", "note": "\u00a9 2018. American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 7 JUN 2018. Accepted 26 OCT 2018. Accepted article online 31 OCT 2018. Published online 5 DEC 2018. \n\nAll data used in this work can be found on the Figshare database (Sorooshian et al., 2017; https://figshare.com/articles/A_Multi\u2010Year_Data_Set_on_Aerosol\u2010Cloud\u2010Precipitation\u2010Meteorology_Interactions_for_Marine_Stratocumulus_Clouds/5099983). This work was funded by Office of Naval Research grants N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100811, N00014\u201011\u20101\u20100783, N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100200, N00014\u201004\u20101\u20100118, and N00014\u201016\u20101\u20102567, and NASA grant NNX14AP75G.\n\nPublished - Mardi_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf
Supplemental Material - downloadSupplement_doi=10.1029_2F2018JD029134_file=jgrd55062-sup-0001-2018JD029134-ds01.zip
Supplemental Material - downloadSupplement_doi=10.1029_2F2018JD029134_file=jgrd55062-sup-0002-2018JD029134-SI.docx
", "abstract": "This study characterizes in situ airborne properties associated with biomass burning (BB) plumes in the vicinity of the California coast. Out of 231 total aircraft soundings in July\u2013August 2013 and 2016, 81 were impacted by BB layers. A number of vertical characteristics of BB layers are summarized in this work (altitude, location relative to cloud top height, thickness, number of vertically adjacent layers, interlayer distances) in addition to differences in vertical aerosol concentration profiles due to either surface type (e.g., land or ocean) or time of day. Significant BB layer stratification occurred, especially over ocean versus land, with the majority of layers in the free troposphere and within 100 m of the boundary layer top. Heating rate profiles demonstrated the combined effect of cloud and BB layers and their mutual interactions, with enhanced heating in BB layers with clouds present underneath. Aerosol size distribution data are summarized below and above the boundary layer, with a notable finding being enhanced concentrations of supermicrometer particles in BB conditions. A plume aging case study revealed the dominance of organics in the free troposphere, with secondary production of inorganic and organic species and coagulation as a function of distance from fire source up to 450 km. Rather than higher horizontal and vertical resolution, a new smoke injection height method was the source of improved agreement for the vertical distribution of BB aerosol in the Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System model when compared to airborne data.", "date": "2018-12-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "123", "number": "23", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "13560-13582", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190201-111654431", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190201-111654431", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201011\u20101\u20100783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201004\u20101\u20100118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201016\u20101\u20102567" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NNX14AP75G" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2018jd029134", "primary_object": { "basename": "Mardi_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p7fr7-d9t29/files/Mardi_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Hossein Mardi, Ali; Dadashazar, Hossein; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cydgv-rz541", "eprint_id": 91735, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:15:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 23:41:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lehtipalo-Katrianne", "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" } }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee\nAmerican Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY). \n\nSubmitted 20 June 2018; Accepted 15 November 2018; Published 12 December 2018. \n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment. We thank tofTools team for providing programs for mass spectrometry analysis. \n\nThis research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme and European Union's Horizon 2020 Programme [Marie Curie ITN (no. 316662 \"CLOUD-TRAIN\") MSCA-IF (no. 656994 \"nano-CAVa\"), MC-COFUND (grant nos. 600377 and 665779), and ERC (project no. 692891 \"DAMOCLES,\" no. 638703 \"COALA,\" no. 616075 \"NANODYNAMITE,\" no. 335478 \"QAPPA,\" no. 742206 \"ATM-GP,\" and no. 714621 \"GASPARCON\")], the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos. 01LK0902A, 01LK1222A, and 01LK1601A), the Swiss National Science Foundation [project nos. 200021_140663, 206021_144947/1, 20FI20_159851, 200020_172602, 20FI20_172622, 200021_169090, and the Starting Grant IPR-SHOP (BSSGI0_155846)], the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence no. 307331 and project nos. 139995, 137749, 299574, 251007, 296628, and 306853), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. J3951-N36), the Austrian research funding association (FFG, project no. 846050), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council Formas (project no. 2015-749), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Academy Fellowship AtmoRemove), Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant no. 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant nos. 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGS1439551, CHE1012293, AGS1649147, and AGS1602086), the Wallace Research Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-SC0014469), the NERC GASSP (project no. NE/J024252/1m), the Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award), UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant no. NE/K015966/1), Dreyfus Award (EP-11-117), the French National Research Agency, the Nord-Pas de Calais, and European Funds for Regional Economic Development Labex-Cappa (grant no. ANR-11-LABX-0005-01). \n\nAuthor contributions: K.L., C.Y., D.R.W., and M.K. designed the experiments and wrote the paper. K.L., C.Y., L.D., F.B., M.X., R.W., and D.S. analyzed the main datasets. All other authors contributed to the design of the facility and preparation of the instruments or data collection and analysis and commented on the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests. \n\nData and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.\n\nPublished - eaau5363.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - aau5363_SM.pdf
", "abstract": "A major fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect both air quality and climate, form from gaseous precursors in the atmosphere. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), formed by oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, are known to participate in particle formation and growth. However, it is not well understood how they interact with atmospheric pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and sulfur oxides (SO_x) from fossil fuel combustion, as well as ammonia (NH_3) from livestock and fertilizers. Here, we show how NO_x suppresses particle formation, while HOMs, sulfuric acid, and NH3 have a synergistic enhancing effect on particle formation. We postulate a novel mechanism, involving HOMs, sulfuric acid, and ammonia, which is able to closely reproduce observations of particle formation and growth in daytime boreal forest and similar environments. The findings elucidate the complex interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic vapors in the atmospheric aerosol system.", "date": "2018-12-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science Advances", "volume": "4", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "Art. No. eaau5363", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20181212-130326969", "issn": "2375-2548", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181212-130326969", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "European Commission" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "600377" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "665779" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "692891" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "638703" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "335478" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "714621" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_140663" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206021_144947/1" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_159851" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_169090" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "BSSGI0_155846" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "307331" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251007" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "296628" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "306853" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3951-N36" }, { "agency": "\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft", "grant_number": "846050" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "2015-749" }, { "agency": "Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1649147" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "Wallace Research Foundation" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/J024252/1m" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/K015966/1" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)", "grant_number": "ANR-11-LABX-0005-01" }, { "agency": "Nord-Pas de Calais" }, { "agency": "European Funds for Regional Economic Development" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/sciadv.aau5363", "pmcid": "PMC6291317", "primary_object": { "basename": "eaau5363.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cydgv-rz541/files/eaau5363.full.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "aau5363_SM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cydgv-rz541/files/aau5363_SM.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Kim, Changhyuk; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2p98w-gm716", "eprint_id": 91421, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:00:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:29:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Scanning DMA Data Analysis I. Classification Transfer Function", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 30 Mar 2018, Accepted 24 Aug 2018, Accepted author version posted online: 04 Oct 2018, Published online: 20 Nov 2018. \n\nThe authors thank Dr. K. Beau Farmer of TSI Inc. for providing detailed design drawings of the TSI Model 3081A DMA that made it possible to simulate flows, fields, and particle trajectories in the real instrument. We thank Yuanlong Huang, Wilton Mui, Amanda Grantz, Johannes Lepp\u00e4, Paula Popescu, and John Seinfeld for useful discussions. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AGS-1602086.\n\nSupplemental Material - UAST_1528005_Supplemental_file.pdf
", "abstract": "The scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS; also known as the scanning mobility particle sizer, SMPS) enables rapid particle size distribution measurements with a differential mobility analyzer (DMA)/condensation particle counter (CPC) combination by ramping the classifier voltage, and continuously counting particles into time bins throughout the scan. Inversion of scanning measurements poses a challenge due to the finite time response of the CPC; the distorted data can be deconvoluted to improve the fidelity of size distributions obtained with the SEMS/SMPS. Idealized models of the classification region have shown that, for rapid voltage scans that approach the particle residence time in the DMA, the nondiffusive transfer function deviates from the symmetric one seen at constant voltage. Nonetheless, most SEMS/SMPS data analyses employ the constant voltage transfer function, a result that is valid only for plug flow in the classification region. This article develops the scanning-mode transfer function for the actual geometry of the TSI Model 3081 DMA. Finite element calculations are used to determine the flow and electric fields through the entire DMA. The instantaneous scanning-DMA transfer function for diffusive particles is determined using Brownian dynamics simulations. Comparisons of the results from this simulation of a real instrument to those from the idealized models reveal the shortcomings of prior models in describing the instantaneous scanning-DMA transfer function. A companion paper (Part II) combines this scanning-mode transfer function with response functions for the other components of a SEMS/SMPS measurement system in order to derive the response function for the integrated measurement system.", "date": "2018-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "52", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "1382-1399", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20181204-084110186", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181204-084110186", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2018.1528005", "primary_object": { "basename": "UAST_1528005_Supplemental_file.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2p98w-gm716/files/UAST_1528005_Supplemental_file.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Mai, Huajun and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m71fb-5gt08", "eprint_id": 91422, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:00:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:29:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "Weimeng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Scanning DMA data analysis II. Integrated DMA-CPC instrument response and data inversion", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 30 Mar 2018, Accepted 03 Jul 2018, Accepted author version posted online: 01 Oct 2018, Published online: 20 Nov 2018. \n\nThe authors thank Dr. K. Beau Farmer of TSI Inc. for providing detailed design drawings of the TSI Model 3081A DMA that made it possible to simulate flows, fields, and particle trajectories in the real instrument. We thank Yuanlong Huang, Wilton Mui, Amanda Grantz, Johannes Lepp\u00e4, and Paula Popescu for useful discussions. \n\nNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.\n\nSupplemental Material - UAST_1528006_Supplemental_file.pdf
", "abstract": "Analysis of scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS) or SMPS data requires coupling the scanning differential mobility analyzer (DMA) transfer function with the response functions for the instrument plumbing and the detector. In the limit of plug flow (uniform velocity) within the DMA, the scanning DMA transfer function has the same form as that for constant voltage. Most SEMS/SMPS data analysis uses this model, though previous studies have shown that boundary layers distort the transfer function during scanning DMA measurements. Part I determined the instantaneous transfer function during scanning of the TSI Model 3081 A long column DMA by modeling the flows, fields, and particle trajectories within the actual DMA geometry. This study (Part II) combines that transfer function with empirical data on the efficiencies and delay time distributions of the plumbing and detector of the SEMS/SMPS to determine the instantaneous rate at which particles are counted, and integrates the count rate over the finite counting time interval to obtain the integrated SEMS/SMPS response function. Simulations using this geometrical model are compared with those obtained using traditional, idealized DMA models for scan rates ranging from slow (240\u2009s) to very fast (10\u2009s), and with measurements of monodisperse calibration aerosols. Data inversion studies show that both increasing and decreasing voltage scans can be used to determine the particle size distribution, even with fast scans.", "date": "2018-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "52", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "1400-1414", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20181204-084757460", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181204-084757460", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2018.1528006", "primary_object": { "basename": "UAST_1528006_Supplemental_file.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m71fb-5gt08/files/UAST_1528006_Supplemental_file.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Mai, Huajun; Kong, Weimeng; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n76jj-48c09", "eprint_id": 89289, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:59:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 22:38:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stolzenburg-Dominik", "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Dominik" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1014-1360" }, { "id": "Kim-Changhyuk", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Changhyuk" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8744-4880" }, { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosols; nanoparticle growth; aerosol formation; CLOUD experiment; volatile organic compounds", "note": "\u00a9 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND). \n\nEdited by John H. Seinfeld, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and approved July 30, 2018 (received for review May 3, 2018). Published ahead of print August 28, 2018. \n\nWe thank T. Kurten and N. Hyttinen for providing helpful COSMOtherm volatility estimates. We also thank K. Ivanova, P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment. We thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research was supported by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" 316662); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Grants 01LK1222 A and 01LK1601 A; Swiss National Science Foundation Projects 20FI20_159851, 200020_172602, and 20FI20_172622; Austrian Research Funding Association FFG Project 846050; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Projects J3951-N36 and J-3900; European Research Council (ERC) Consolidator Grant NANODYNAMITE 616075; ERC-Advanced Grant DAMOCLES 692891; ERC Starting Grant COALA 638703; Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 656994 (\"Nano-CAVa\"); ERC Advanced Grant 742206 ATM-GP; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence Programme Grant 307331; US Department of Energy Grant DE-SC0014469; and the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences Program \"High Energy Physics and Neutrino Astrophysics\" 2015.\n\nPublished - 9122.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - pnas.1807604115.sapp.pdf
", "abstract": "Nucleation and growth of aerosol particles from atmospheric vapors constitutes a major source of global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The fraction of newly formed particles that reaches CCN sizes is highly sensitive to particle growth rates, especially for particle sizes <10 nm, where coagulation losses to larger aerosol particles are greatest. Recent results show that some oxidation products from biogenic volatile organic compounds are major contributors to particle formation and initial growth. However, whether oxidized organics contribute to particle growth over the broad span of tropospheric temperatures remains an open question, and quantitative mass balance for organic growth has yet to be demonstrated at any temperature. Here, in experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), we show that rapid growth of organic particles occurs over the range from \u221225\u2009\u00b0C to 25\u2009\u00b0C. The lower extent of autoxidation at reduced temperatures is compensated by the decreased volatility of all oxidized molecules. This is confirmed by particle-phase composition measurements, showing enhanced uptake of relatively less oxygenated products at cold temperatures. We can reproduce the measured growth rates using an aerosol growth model based entirely on the experimentally measured gas-phase spectra of oxidized organic molecules obtained from two complementary mass spectrometers. We show that the growth rates are sensitive to particle curvature, explaining widespread atmospheric observations that particle growth rates increase in the single-digit-nanometer size range. Our results demonstrate that organic vapors can contribute to particle growth over a wide range of tropospheric temperatures from molecular cluster sizes onward.", "date": "2018-09-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "115", "number": "37", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "9122-9127", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180829-153219060", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180829-153219060", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222 A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1601 A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_159851" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_172602" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_172622" }, { "agency": "\u00d6sterreichische Forschungsf\u00f6rderungsgesellschaft", "grant_number": "846050" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3951-N36" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J-3900" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "692891" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "638703" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "742206" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "307331" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1807604115", "pmcid": "PMC6140529", "primary_object": { "basename": "pnas.1807604115.sapp.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n76jj-48c09/files/pnas.1807604115.sapp.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "9122.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n76jj-48c09/files/9122.full.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Stolzenburg, Dominik; Kim, Changhyuk; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/aqf1v-rwh38", "eprint_id": 88774, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:37:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 22:17:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Charan-S-M", "name": { "family": "Charan", "given": "Sophia M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2023-6403" }, { "id": "Kong-Weimeng", "name": { "family": "Kong", "given": "Weimeng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9432-2857" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Effect of particle charge on aerosol dynamics in Teflon environmental chambers", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 26 Feb 2018, Accepted 28 Apr 2018, Accepted author version posted online: 31 May 2018, Published online: 30 Jul 2018. \n\nWe thank Jeffrey R. Pierce for helpful suggestions. \n\nSMC acknowledges support by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under [Grant No. 1745301]. This work was also supported by National Science Foundation [grants AGS-1523500 and AGS-1740552].", "abstract": "The contribution of particle charge to the rate of particle wall deposition has been a persistent source of uncertainty for experiments performed in environmental chambers. By tracking the preferential deposition of positively charged particles; by comparing experiments carried out under standard, humid, and highly statically charged conditions; and by performing two-parameter optimizations for the chamber eddy-diffusion coefficient (k_e) and the average magnitude of the electric field (E), the effect of charge on the rate of particle-wall deposition is isolated. A combined experimental and computational method is also developed for determining values for k_e and E within a FEP Teflon chamber. To fully account for the effects of charge on particle dynamics in environmental chambers, studies of the effect of air ion concentration on the rate of particle coagulation over a typical 20\u2009h experiment are performed and demonstrated, in general, that particle charge is negligible for characteristic chamber ion concentrations. While the effect of particle charge on aerosol dynamics in an environmental chamber must be addressed for each specific chamber, we demonstrate experimentally that for the Caltech 19 m^3 Environmental Chamber, charge effects on the rate of particle-wall deposition are negligible.", "date": "2018-07-30", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "52", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "854-871", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180813-075456363", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180813-075456363", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship", "grant_number": "DGE-1745301" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1523500" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1740552" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2018.1474167", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Charan, Sophia M.; Kong, Weimeng; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v6e1r-zsk98", "eprint_id": 86426, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:11:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:34:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "MacDonald-A-B", "name": { "family": "MacDonald", "given": "Alexander B." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7238-3341" }, { "id": "Dadashazar-H", "name": { "family": "Dadashazar", "given": "Hossein" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7054-4933" }, { "id": "Chuang-Patrick-Y", "name": { "family": "Chuang", "given": "Patrick Y." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2290-8346" }, { "id": "Crosbie-E", "name": { "family": "Crosbie", "given": "Ewan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-8066" }, { "id": "Wang-Hailong", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Hailong" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1994-4402" }, { "id": "Wang-Zhen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Zhen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7921-3134" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" } ] }, "title": "Characteristic Vertical Profiles of Cloud Water Composition in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds and Relationships With Precipitation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "cloud water; stratocumulus; scavenging; rainout; sea salt; aerosol", "note": "\u00a9 2018 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 17 OCT 2017; Accepted 13 FEB 2018; Accepted article online 21 FEB 2018; Published online 13 APR 2018. \n\nAll data used in this work can be found in the Figshare database (Sorooshian et al., 2017). This work was funded by Office of Naval Research grants N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100811, N00014\u201011\u20101\u20100783, N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100200, N00014\u201004\u20101\u20100118, and N00014\u201016\u20101\u20102567. A. MacDonald acknowledges support from the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT). H. Wang acknowledges support from the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE\u2010AC05\u201076RLO1830. The authors gratefully acknowledge Jan Kazil for useful discussions.\n\nPublished - MacDonald_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research_3A_Atmospheres.pdf
Accepted Version - nihms-1067826.pdf
Supplemental Material - 2017jd027900-sup-0001-text_si-s01.docx
", "abstract": "This study uses airborne cloud water composition measurements to characterize the vertical structure of air\u2010equivalent mass concentrations of water\u2010soluble species in marine stratocumulus clouds off the California coast. A total of 385 cloud water samples were collected in the months of July and August between 2011 and 2016 and analyzed for water\u2010soluble ionic and elemental composition. Three characteristic profiles emerge: (i) a reduction of concentration with in\u2010cloud altitude for particulate species directly emitted from sources below cloud without in\u2010cloud sources (e.g., Cl^\u2212 and Na^+), (ii) an increase of concentration with in\u2010cloud altitude (e.g., NO_2\u2212 and formate), and (iii) species exhibiting a peak in concentration in the middle of cloud (e.g., non\u2013sea\u2010salt SO_4^2\u2212, NO_3\u2212, and organic acids). Vertical profiles of rainout parameters such as loss frequency, lifetime, and change in concentration with respect to time show that the scavenging efficiency throughout the cloud depth depends strongly on the thickness of the cloud. Thin clouds exhibit a greater scavenging loss frequency at cloud top, while thick clouds have a greater scavenging loss frequency at cloud base. The implications of these results for treatment of wet scavenging in models are discussed.", "date": "2018-04-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "123", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "3704-3723", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180516-141614487", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180516-141614487", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201011\u20101\u20100783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201004\u20101\u20100118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201016\u20101\u20102567" }, { "agency": "Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONACYT)" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE\u2010AC05\u201076RLO1830" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2017JD027900", "pmcid": "PMC7002026", "primary_object": { "basename": "nihms-1067826.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v6e1r-zsk98/files/nihms-1067826.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "2017jd027900-sup-0001-text_si-s01.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v6e1r-zsk98/files/2017jd027900-sup-0001-text_si-s01.docx" }, { "basename": "MacDonald_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research_3A_Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v6e1r-zsk98/files/MacDonald_et_al-2018-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research_3A_Atmospheres.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "MacDonald, Alexander B.; Dadashazar, Hossein; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7dk5f-qzb28", "eprint_id": 85126, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:56:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 21:51:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Bates-Kelvin-H", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "Kelvin H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7544-9580" }, { "id": "Craven-Jill-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Hodas-Natasha", "name": { "family": "Hodas", "given": "Natasha" } }, { "id": "Rissman-Tracey-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "Tracey A." } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-Varuntida", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "A multi-year data set on aerosol-cloud-precipitation-meteorology interactions for marine stratocumulus clouds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 The Author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ applies to the metadata files made available in this article. \n\nReceived: 19 July 2017; Accepted: 04 January 2018; Published online: 27 February 2018. \n\nThe authors acknowledge support from Office of Naval Research grants N00014-04-1-0118, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-16-1-2567, and N00014-04-1-0018. A.N. acknowledges support from an NSF CAREER and NOAA OGP. A.B.M. acknowledges support from the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT). \n\nAuthor Contributions: This paper represents a joint effort among numerous research groups. A.S. organized all of the data sets and led the conception and writing of the manuscript. H.H.J. and R.K.W. collected and conducted quality control on data in the cabin files. All authors contributed to field data collection and quality control of their respective data sets. A.S., H.D., and A.B.M. conducted a final round of quality control on all data sets. A.B.M produced the plotting code to allow for data visualization by data users. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interests.\n\nPublished - sdata201826.pdf
", "abstract": "Airborne measurements of meteorological, aerosol, and stratocumulus cloud properties have been harmonized from six field campaigns during July-August months between 2005 and 2016 off the California coast. A consistent set of core instruments was deployed on the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies Twin Otter for 113 flight days, amounting to 514 flight hours. A unique aspect of the compiled data set is detailed measurements of aerosol microphysical properties (size distribution, composition, bioaerosol detection, hygroscopicity, optical), cloud water composition, and different sampling inlets to distinguish between clear air aerosol, interstitial in-cloud aerosol, and droplet residual particles in cloud. Measurements and data analysis follow documented methods for quality assurance. The data set is suitable for studies associated with aerosol-cloud-precipitation-meteorology-radiation interactions, especially owing to sharp aerosol perturbations from ship traffic and biomass burning. The data set can be used for model initialization and synergistic application with meteorological models and remote sensing data to improve understanding of the very interactions that comprise the largest uncertainty in the effect of anthropogenic emissions on radiative forcing.", "date": "2018-02-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Scientific Data", "volume": "5", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "Art. No. 180026", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-085251940", "issn": "2052-4463", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180306-085251940", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-16-1-2567" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0018" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" }, { "agency": "Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda (CONACYT)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/sdata.2018.26", "pmcid": "PMC5827690", "primary_object": { "basename": "sdata201826.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7dk5f-qzb28/files/sdata201826.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Bates, Kelvin H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e1snq-s2046", "eprint_id": 84737, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:29:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 16:39:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "K\u00fcrten-Andreas", "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "id": "Li-Chenxi", "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Chenxi" } }, { "id": "Bianchi-Federico", "name": { "family": "Bianchi", "given": "Federico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2996-3604" }, { "id": "Curtius-Joachim", "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" } }, { "id": "Dias-Ant\u00f3nio", "name": { "family": "Dias", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" } }, { "id": "Donahue-Neil-M", "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." } }, { "id": "Duplissy-Jonathan", "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Hakala-Jani", "name": { "family": "Hakala", "given": "Jani" } }, { "id": "Jokinen-Tuija", "name": { "family": "Jokinen", "given": "Tuija" } }, { "id": "Kirkby-Jasper", "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" } }, { "id": "Kulmala-Markku", "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" } }, { "id": "Laaksonen-Ari", "name": { "family": "Laaksonen", "given": "Ari" } }, { "id": "Lehtipalo-Katrianne", "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" } }, { "id": "Makhmutov-Vntti", "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" } }, { "id": "Onnela-A", "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" } }, { "id": "Rissanen-Matti-P", "name": { "family": "Rissanen", "given": "Matti P." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0463-8098" }, { "id": "Simon-Mario", "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" } }, { "id": "Sipil\u00e4-Mikko", "name": { "family": "Sipil\u00e4", "given": "Mikko" } }, { "id": "Stozhkov-Yuri", "name": { "family": "Stozhkov", "given": "Yuri" } }, { "id": "Tr\u00f6stl-Jasmin", "name": { "family": "Tr\u00f6stl", "given": "Jasmin" } }, { "id": "Ye-Penglin", "name": { "family": "Ye", "given": "Penglin" } }, { "id": "McMurry-Peter-H", "name": { "family": "McMurry", "given": "Peter H." } } ] }, "title": "New particle formation in the sulfuric acid\u2013dimethylamine\u2013water system: reevaluation of CLOUD chamber measurements and comparison to an aerosol nucleation and growth model", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. \n\nReceived: 06 Jul 2017. Discussion started: 08 Aug 2017.\nRevised: 24 Nov 2017. Accepted: 05 Dec 2017. Published: 23 Jan 2018. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. \n\nFunding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant no. 01LK1222A) and the Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" (grant no. 316662) is gratefully acknowledged. Peter H. McMurry's and Chenxi Li's contributions to this work were supported by the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research program and Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, under grant number DE-SC0011780. Federico Bianchi thanks the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. P2EZP2_168787). Richard C. Flagan acknowledges funding from the NSF grants 1439551 and 1602086. Matti P. Rissanen appreciates funding from the Academy of Finland (project no. 299574). Katrianne Lehtipalo thanks the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement no. 656994 (nano-CAVa). \n\nEdited by: Farahnaz Khosrawi \nReviewed by: three anonymous referees.\n\nPublished - acp-18-845-2018.pdf
", "abstract": "A recent CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber study showed that sulfuric acid and dimethylamine produce new aerosols very efficiently and yield particle formation rates that are compatible with boundary layer observations. These previously published new particle formation (NPF) rates are reanalyzed in the present study with an advanced method. The results show that the NPF rates at 1.7\u202fnm are more than a factor of 10 faster than previously published due to earlier approximations in correcting particle measurements made at a larger detection threshold. The revised NPF rates agree almost perfectly with calculated rates from a kinetic aerosol model at different sizes (1.7 and 4.3\u202fnm mobility diameter). In addition, modeled and measured size distributions show good agreement over a wide range of sizes (up to ca. 30\u202fnm). Furthermore, the aerosol model is modified such that evaporation rates for some clusters can be taken into account; these evaporation rates were previously published from a flow tube study. Using this model, the findings from the present study and the flow tube experiment can be brought into good agreement for the high base-to-acid ratios (\u223c\u202f100) relevant for this study. This confirms that nucleation proceeds at rates that are compatible with collision-controlled (a.k.a. kinetically controlled) NPF for the conditions during the CLOUD7 experiment (278\u202fK, 38\u202f% relative humidity, sulfuric acid concentration between 1\u202f\u00d7\u200910^6 and 3\u202f\u00d7\u200910^7\u202fcm^(\u22123), and dimethylamine mixing ratio of \u223c\u200940\u202fpptv, i.e., 1\u202f\u00d7\u202f10^9\u202fcm^(\u22123)).", "date": "2018-01-28", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "18", "number": "2", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "845-863", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180208-083514075", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180208-083514075", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0011780" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "P2EZP2_168787" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-18-845-2018", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-18-845-2018.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e1snq-s2046/files/acp-18-845-2018.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "K\u00fcrten, Andreas; Li, Chenxi; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zngx5-kee48", "eprint_id": 84382, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:24:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 16:10:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Liqiang", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Liqiang" } }, { "id": "Liu-Pengfei", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Pengfei" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6714-7387" }, { "id": "Yu-Shaocai", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Shaocai" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9718-8246" }, { "id": "Mehmood-Khalid", "name": { "family": "Mehmood", "given": "Khalid" } }, { "id": "Liu-Zhen", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Zhen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6313-823X" }, { "id": "Chang-Shucheng", "name": { "family": "Chang", "given": "Shucheng" } }, { "id": "Liu-Weiping", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Weiping" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1173-892X" }, { "id": "Rosenfeld-Daniel", "name": { "family": "Rosenfeld", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0784-7656" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Predicted impact of thermal power generation emission control measures in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region on air pollution over Beijing, China", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 The Author(s). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. \n\nReceived: 04 October 2017. Accepted: 02 January 2018. Published online: 17 January 2018. \n\nThis work was supported in part by the Department of Science and Technology of China (Nos 2016YFC0202702; 2014BAC22B06) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 221577126). This work was supported by the Joint NSFC-ISF Research Program (No. 41561144004), jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Israel Science Foundation. The work was also supported in part by the \"Zhejiang 1000 Talent Plan\" and Research Center for Air Pollution and Health in Zhejiang University. We also thank Dr. Hua Mo from Appraisal Center for Environment & Engineering in Ministry of Environmental Protection of China for providing the power plant emissions in the BTH region. \n\nAuthor Contributions: S.Y. and J.H.S. initiated the project and designed the experiments; S.Y., P.L., L.W., and J.H.S. wrote the main manuscript. S.Y., L.W., P.L., S.C., K.M., Z.L., W.L., D.R., R.C.F., and J.H.S. contributed to the interpretation and to manuscript preparation. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\n\nPublished - s41598-018-19481-0.pdf
Supplemental Material - 41598_2018_19481_MOESM1_ESM__2_.doc
", "abstract": "Widespread economic growth in China has led to increasing episodes of severe air pollution, especially in major urban areas. Thermal power plants represent a particularly important class of emissions. Here we present an evaluation of the predicted effectiveness of a series of recently proposed thermal power plant emission controls in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region on air quality over Beijing using the Community Multiscale Air Quality(CMAQ) atmospheric chemical transport model to predict CO, SO_2, NO_2, PM_(2.5), and PM_(10) levels. A baseline simulation of the hypothetical removal of all thermal power plants in the BTH region is predicted to lead to 38%, 23%, 23%, 24%, and 24% reductions in current annual mean levels of CO, SO_2, NO_2, PM_(2.5), and PM_(10) in Beijing, respectively. Similar percentage reductions are predicted in the major cities in the BTH region. Simulations of the air quality impact of six proposed thermal power plant emission reduction strategies over the BTH region provide an estimate of the potential improvement in air quality in the Beijing metropolitan area, as a function of the time of year.", "date": "2018-01-17", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Scientific Reports", "volume": "8", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "Art. No. 934", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180118-111915790", "issn": "2045-2322", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180118-111915790", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Science and Technology (China)", "grant_number": "2016YFC0202702" }, { "agency": "Department of Science and Technology (China)", "grant_number": "2014BAC22B06" }, { "agency": "National Natural Science Foundation of China", "grant_number": "221577126" }, { "agency": "Joint National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Israel Science Foundation NSFC\u2013ISF", "grant_number": "41561144004" }, { "agency": "Zhejiang University", "grant_number": "Zhejiang 1000 Talent Plan" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/s41598-018-19481-0", "pmcid": "PMC5772530", "primary_object": { "basename": "41598_2018_19481_MOESM1_ESM__2_.doc", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zngx5-kee48/files/41598_2018_19481_MOESM1_ESM__2_.doc" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "s41598-018-19481-0.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zngx5-kee48/files/s41598-018-19481-0.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Wang, Liqiang; Liu, Pengfei; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/43h4k-2h294", "eprint_id": 84431, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:18:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 21:49:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Frege-C", "name": { "family": "Frege", "given": "Carla" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Influence of temperature on the molecular composition of ions and charged clusters during pure biogenic nucleation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Author(s). This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 05 May 2017 \u2013 Discussion started: 29 May 2017. Revised: 31 Oct 2017 \u2013 Accepted: 10 Nov 2017 \u2013 Published: 04 Jan 2018. \n\nData availability: Data related to this article are available online at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1133985. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network CLOUD-ITN no. 215072, MC-ITN CLOUD-TRAIN no. 316662, the ERC-Starting grant MOCAPAF no. 57360, the ERC-Consolidator grant NANODYNAMITE no. 616075\nand ERC-Advanced grant ATMNUCLE no. 227463), European\nUnion's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement no. 656994, the PEGASOS project funded by the European Commission under\nthe Framework Programme 7 (FP7-ENV-2010-265148), the\nGerman Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project\nnos. 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science\nFoundation (project nos. 200020_152907, 206021_144947 and\n20FI20_159851), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence\nproject no. 1118615), the Academy of Finland (135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 299574), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the University of Innsbruck research grant for young scientists (Cluster Calibration Unit), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the\nRussian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic\nResearch (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN),\nthe US National Science Foundation (grants AGS1447056,\nand AGS1439551), and the Davidow Foundation. We thank the\ntofTools team for providing tools for mass spectrometry analysis. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\n\nPublished - acp-18-65-2018.pdf
", "abstract": "It was recently shown by the CERN CLOUD experiment that biogenic highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) form particles under atmospheric conditions in the absence of sulfuric acid, where ions enhance the nucleation rate by 1\u20132 orders of magnitude. The biogenic HOMs were produced from ozonolysis of \u03b1-pinene at 5\u202f\u00b0C. Here we extend this study to compare the molecular composition of positive and negative HOM clusters measured with atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometers (APi-TOFs), at three different temperatures (25, 5 and \u221225\u202f\u00b0C). Most negative HOM clusters include a nitrate (NO_3\u2212) ion, and the spectra are similar to those seen in the nighttime boreal forest. On the other hand, most positive HOM clusters include an ammonium (NH_4+) ion, and the spectra are characterized by mass bands that differ in their molecular weight by\u2009\u223c\u200920 C atoms, corresponding to HOM dimers. At lower temperatures the average oxygen to carbon (O\u202f:\u202fC) ratio of the HOM clusters decreases for both polarities, reflecting an overall reduction of HOM formation with decreasing temperature. This indicates a decrease in the rate of autoxidation with temperature due to a rather high activation energy as has previously been determined by quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, at the lowest temperature (\u221225\u202f\u00b0C), the presence of C30 clusters shows that HOM monomers start to contribute to the nucleation of positive clusters. These experimental findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations of the binding energies of representative neutral and charged clusters.", "date": "2018-01-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "18", "number": "1", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "65-79", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-152905326", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-152905326", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "265148 PEGASOS" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_152907" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206021_144947" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_159851" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "University of Innsbruck" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-18-65-2018", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-18-65-2018.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/43h4k-2h294/files/acp-18-65-2018.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Frege, Carla and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b11v1-9y836", "eprint_id": 84134, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:57:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 15:12:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wagner-R", "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Robert" } }, { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The role of ions in new particle formation in the CLOUD chamber", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 the Author(s). This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 08 Jun 2017 \u2013 Discussion started: 17 Jul 2017. Revised: 08 Nov 2017 \u2013 Accepted: 12 Nov 2017 \u2013 Published: 21 Dec 2017. \n\nWe thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment. This research was supported by the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie ITN CLOUD-TRAIN, no. 316662; advanced grant, ATMNUCLE, no. 227463; consolidator grant NANODYNAMITE, no. 616075; starting grant QAPPA, no. 335478; starting grant MOCAPAF, no. 257360; MC-COFUND CERN-COFUND-2012, no. 600377), EC Horizon 2020 (Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Individual Fellowships Nano-CAVa, no. 656994; starting grant COALA, no. 638703), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nos. 01LK1222A and 01LK0902A), Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), US Department of Energy (no. DE-SC0014469), Swiss National Science Foundation (206620_141278, 200020_135307, 200021_140663, 206021_144947/1), Austrian Science Fund (J3198-N21, L593, P19546), Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (CERN/FP/116387/2010), Swedish Research Council (2011-5120), US National Science Foundation (AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGC1439551, CHE1012293), Natural Environment Research Council (NE/J024252/1, NE/K015966/1), Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award), Dreyfus Award (EP-11-117), European Funds for Regional Economic Development (Labex-Cappa grant, ANR-11-LABX-0005-01), Nessling Foundation, Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation, Caltech Environmental Science and Engineering grant (Davidow Foundation), French National Research Agency, Nord-Pas de Calais, and the Academy of Finland (nos. 299574, 1118615, 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 141451, 137749, 141217, 138951).\n\nPublished - acp-17-15181-2017.pdf
", "abstract": "The formation of secondary particles in the atmosphere accounts for more than half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Experiments at the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber have underlined the importance of ions for new particle formation, but quantifying their effect in the atmosphere remains challenging. By using a novel instrument setup consisting of two nanoparticle counters, one of them equipped with an ion filter, we were able to further investigate the ion-related mechanisms of new particle formation. In autumn 2015, we carried out experiments at CLOUD on four systems of different chemical compositions involving monoterpenes, sulfuric acid, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia. We measured the influence of ions on the nucleation rates under precisely controlled and atmospherically relevant conditions. Our results indicate that ions enhance the nucleation process when the charge is necessary to stabilize newly formed clusters, i.e., in conditions in which neutral clusters are unstable. For charged clusters that were formed by ion-induced nucleation, we were able to measure, for the first time, their progressive neutralization due to recombination with oppositely charged ions. A large fraction of the clusters carried a charge at 1.5\u202fnm diameter. However, depending on particle growth rates and ion concentrations, charged clusters were largely neutralized by ion\u2013ion recombination before they grew to 2.5\u202fnm. At this size, more than 90\u202f% of particles were neutral. In other words, particles may originate from ion-induced nucleation, although they are neutral upon detection at diameters larger than 2.5\u202fnm. Observations at Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4, Finland, showed lower ion concentrations and a lower contribution of ion-induced nucleation than measured at CLOUD under similar conditions. Although this can be partly explained by the observation that ion-induced fractions decrease towards lower ion concentrations, further investigations are needed to resolve the origin of the discrepancy.", "date": "2017-12-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "17", "number": "24", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "15181-15197", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180105-133848781", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180105-133848781", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "335478" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "257360" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "600377" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "638703" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_141278" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_140663" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206021_144947/1" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3198-N21" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P19546" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGC-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/J024252/1" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/K015966/1" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)", "grant_number": "ANR-11-LABX-0005-01" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "French National Research Agency" }, { "agency": "Nord-Pas de Calais" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "138951" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-17-15181-2017", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-17-15181-2017.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b11v1-9y836/files/acp-17-15181-2017.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Wagner, Robert; Mai, Huajun; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g5jd8-9xc39", "eprint_id": 78879, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:16:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 14:25:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lepp\u00e4-J", "name": { "family": "Lepp\u00e4", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Mui-Wilton", "name": { "family": "Mui", "given": "W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3065-1296" }, { "id": "Grantz-A-M", "name": { "family": "Grantz", "given": "A. M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Charge distribution uncertainty in differential mobility analysis of aerosols", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 13 May 2016, Accepted 28 May 2017, Accepted author version posted online: 09 Jun 2017, Published online: 28 Jun 2017. \n\nThis work has been supported by the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation, the Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation, the Emil Aaltonen Foundation, and by NSF grants CBET-1236909 and AGS-1602086.\n\nSupplemental Material - UAST_1341039_SupplementaryFile.pdf
", "abstract": "The inference of particle size distributions from differential mobility analyzer (DMA) data requires knowledge of the charge distribution on the particles being measured. The charge distribution produced by a bipolar aerosol charger depends on the properties of the ions produced in the charger, and on the kinetics of charge transfer from molecular ions or ion clusters to the particles. A single parameterization of a theoretically predicted charge distribution is employed in most DMA analyses regardless of the atmospheric conditions being probed. Deviations of the actual charge distribution from that assumed in the data analysis will bias the estimated particle size distribution. We examine these potential biases by modeling measurements and data inversion using charge distributions calculated for a range of atmospheric conditions. Moreover, simulations were performed using the ion-to-particle flux coefficients predicted for a range of properties of both the particles and ions. To probe the biases over the full range of particle sizes, the measurements were simulated through an atmospheric new particle formation event. The differences between the actual charge distribution and that according to the commonly used parametrization resulted in biases as large as a factor of 5 for nucleation-mode particles, and up to 80% for larger particles. Incorrect estimates of the relative permittivity of the particles or not accounting for the temperature and pressure effects for measurements at 10 km altitude produced biases in excess of 50%; three-fold biases result from erroneous estimates of the ion mobility distribution. We further report on the effects of the relative permittivity of the ions, the relative concentrations of negative and positive ions, and truncation of the number of charge states considered in the inversion.", "date": "2017-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "51", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "1168-1189", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170710-080814442", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170710-080814442", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation" }, { "agency": "Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation" }, { "agency": "Emil Aaltonen Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CBET-1236909" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1602086" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2017.1341039", "primary_object": { "basename": "UAST_1341039_SupplementaryFile.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g5jd8-9xc39/files/UAST_1341039_SupplementaryFile.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Lepp\u00e4, J.; Mui, W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w3fwq-n0y98", "eprint_id": 78902, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:37:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 14:26:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gordon-H", "name": { "family": "Gordon", "given": "Hamish" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1822-3224" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Causes and importance of new particle formation in the present-day and pre-industrial atmospheres", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "nucleation; aerosol; atmosphere", "note": "\u00a9 2017 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nReceived 24 MAR 2017; Accepted 7 JUL 2017; Accepted article online 10 JUL 2017; Published online 24 AUG 2017. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O.S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S.V. Mizin, R. Sitals, H.U. Walther, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. The computer modeling simulations were performed on ARC1 and ARC2, part of the High Performance Computing facilities at the University of Leeds, UK. This work also made use of the POLARIS facility of the N8 HPC Centre of Excellence, provided and funded by the N8 consortium and EPSRC (grant No.EP/K000225/1). The Centre is coordinated by the Universities of Leeds and Manchester. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Networks \"CLOUD-ITN\" (215072) and \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" (316662), the FP7 EU Bacchus project under grant 603445-BACCHUS, and the Horizon 2020 projects CRESCENDO under grant agreement 641816 and the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie project nano-CAVa 656994), ERC-Starting MOCAPAF grant 57360 and ERC Advanced \"ATMNUCLE\" grant 227463, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (projects 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (projects 200020_135307 and 206620_141278), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence project 1118615 and other projects 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 138951, and 299574), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V.is.l. Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, ERC Consolidator grant \"NANODYNAMITE,\" 616075, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGS1439551, and CHE1012293), the U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-SC0014469), the Davidow Foundation, and the NERC GASSP project under grant NE/J024252/1. We acknowledge financial support from the Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. The simulation data presented in this manuscript are available from Zenodo at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.821582. The full NPF parametrizations used, and summaries of the model results, are provided in the supporting information.\n\nPublished - Gordon_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf
Supplemental Material - 2017JD026844-sup-0001-Text_20SI-S01_AA.pdf
", "abstract": "New particle formation has been estimated to produce around half of cloud-forming particles in the present-day atmosphere, via gas-to-particle conversion. Here we assess the importance of new particle formation (NPF) for both the present-day and the preindustrial atmospheres. We use a global aerosol model with parametrizations of NPF from previously published CLOUD chamber experiments involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, organic molecules, and ions. We find that NPF produces around 67% of cloud condensation nuclei at 0.2% supersaturation (CCN0.2%) at the level of low clouds in the preindustrial atmosphere (estimated uncertainty range 45\u201384%) and 54% in the present day (estimated uncertainty range 38\u201366%). Concerning causes, we find that the importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in NPF and CCN formation is greater than previously thought. Removing BVOCs and hence all secondary organic aerosol from our model reduces low-cloud-level CCN concentrations at 0.2% supersaturation by 26% in the present-day atmosphere and 41% in the preindustrial. Around three quarters of this reduction is due to the tiny fraction of the oxidation products of BVOCs that have sufficiently low volatility to be involved in NPF and early growth. Furthermore, we estimate that 40% of preindustrial CCN0.2% are formed via ion-induced NPF, compared with 27% in the present day, although we caution that the ion-induced fraction of NPF involving BVOCs is poorly measured at present. Our model suggests that the effect of changes in cosmic ray intensity on CCN is small and unlikely to be comparable to the effect of large variations in natural primary aerosol emissions.", "date": "2017-08-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "122", "number": "16", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "8739-8760", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170710-133613695", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170710-133613695", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "grant_number": "EP/K000225/1" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "603445-BACCHUS" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "641816" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation", "grant_number": "206620_141278" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "138951" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes)" }, { "agency": "V.is.l. Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/J024252/1" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2017JD026844", "primary_object": { "basename": "2017JD026844-sup-0001-Text_20SI-S01_AA.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w3fwq-n0y98/files/2017JD026844-sup-0001-Text_20SI-S01_AA.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Gordon_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w3fwq-n0y98/files/Gordon_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Gordon, Hamish and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6gxz5-mhx41", "eprint_id": 83929, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:46:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:31:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gordon-H", "name": { "family": "Gordon", "given": "Hamish" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1822-3224" }, { "id": "Kirkby-J", "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" } }, { "id": "Baltensperger-U", "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" } }, { "id": "Bianchi-F", "name": { "family": "Bianchi", "given": "Federico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2996-3604" }, { "id": "Breitenlechner-M", "name": { "family": "Breitenlechner", "given": "Martin" } }, { "id": "Curtius-J", "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" } }, { "id": "Dias-A", "name": { "family": "Dias", "given": "Antonio" } }, { "id": "Dommen-J", "name": { "family": "Dommen", "given": "Josef" } }, { "id": "Donahue-N-M", "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." } }, { "id": "Dunne-E-M", "name": { "family": "Dunne", "given": "Eimear M." } }, { "id": "Duplissy-J", "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" } }, { "id": "Ehrhart-S", "name": { "family": "Ehrhart", "given": "Sebastian" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Frege-C", "name": { "family": "Frege", "given": "Carla" } }, { "id": "Fuchs-C", "name": { "family": "Fuchs", "given": "Claudia" } }, { "id": "Hansel-A", "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" } }, { "id": "Hoyle-C-R", "name": { "family": "Hoyle", "given": "Christopher R." } }, { "id": "Kulmala-M", "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" } }, { "id": "K\u00fcrten-A", "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "id": "Lehtipalo-K", "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" } }, { "id": "Makhmutov-V", "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" } }, { "id": "Molteni-U", "name": { "family": "Molteni", "given": "Ugo" } }, { "id": "Rissanen-M-P", "name": { "family": "Rissanen", "given": "Matti P." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0463-8098" }, { "id": "Stozkhov-Y", "name": { "family": "Stozkhov", "given": "Yuri" } }, { "id": "Tr\u00f6stl-J", "name": { "family": "Tr\u00f6stl", "given": "Jasmin" } }, { "id": "Tsagkogeorgas-G", "name": { "family": "Tsagkogeorgas", "given": "Georgios" } }, { "id": "Wagner-R", "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Robert" } }, { "id": "Williamson-C", "name": { "family": "Williamson", "given": "Christina" } }, { "id": "Wimmer-D", "name": { "family": "Wimmer", "given": "Daniela" } }, { "id": "Winkler-P-M", "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." } }, { "id": "Yan-Chao", "name": { "family": "Yan", "given": "Chao" } }, { "id": "Carslaw-K-S", "name": { "family": "Carslaw", "given": "Ken S." } } ] }, "title": "Causes and importance of new particle formation in the present-day and preindustrial atmospheres", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nReceived 24 MAR 2017. Accepted 7 JUL 2017. Accepted article online 10 JUL 2017. Published online 24 AUG 2017. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O.S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S.V. Mizin, R. Sitals, H.U. Walther, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. The computer modeling simulations were performed on ARC1 and ARC2, part of the High Performance Computing facilities at the University of Leeds, UK. This work also made use of the POLARIS facility of the N8 HPC Centre of Excellence, provided and funded by the N8 consortium and EPSRC (grant No.EP/K000225/1). The Centre is coordinated by the Universities of Leeds and Manchester. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Networks \"CLOUD-ITN\" (215072) and \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" (316662), the FP7 EU Bacchus project under grant 603445-BACCHUS, and the Horizon 2020 projects CRESCENDO under grant agreement 641816 and the Marie-Sklodowska-Curie project nano-CAVa 656994), ERC-Starting MOCAPAF grant 57360 and ERC Advanced \"ATMNUCLE\" grant 227463, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (projects 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (projects 200020_135307 and 206620_141278), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence project 1118615 and other projects 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 138951, and 299574), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V.is.l. Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, ERC Consolidator grant \"NANODYNAMITE,\" 616075, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGS1439551, and CHE1012293), the U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-SC0014469), the Davidow Foundation, and the NERC GASSP project under grant NE/J024252/1. We acknowledge financial support from the Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. The simulation data presented in this manuscript are available from Zenodo at DOI 10.5281/zenodo.821582. The full NPF parametrizations used, and summaries of the model results, are provided in the supporting information.\n\nPublished - Gordon_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd53954-sup-0001-TextS1.pdf
", "abstract": "New particle formation has been estimated to produce around half of cloud-forming particles in the present-day atmosphere, via gas-to-particle conversion. Here we assess the importance of new particle formation (NPF) for both the present-day and the preindustrial atmospheres. We use a global aerosol model with parametrizations of NPF from previously published CLOUD chamber experiments involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, organic molecules, and ions. We find that NPF produces around 67% of cloud condensation nuclei at 0.2% supersaturation (CCN0.2%) at the level of low clouds in the preindustrial atmosphere (estimated uncertainty range 45\u201384%) and 54% in the present day (estimated uncertainty range 38\u201366%). Concerning causes, we find that the importance of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in NPF and CCN formation is greater than previously thought. Removing BVOCs and hence all secondary organic aerosol from our model reduces low-cloud-level CCN concentrations at 0.2% supersaturation by 26% in the present-day atmosphere and 41% in the preindustrial. Around three quarters of this reduction is due to the tiny fraction of the oxidation products of BVOCs that have sufficiently low volatility to be involved in NPF and early growth. Furthermore, we estimate that 40% of preindustrial CCN0.2% are formed via ion-induced NPF, compared with 27% in the present day, although we caution that the ion-induced fraction of NPF involving BVOCs is poorly measured at present. Our model suggests that the effect of changes in cosmic ray intensity on CCN is small and unlikely to be comparable to the effect of large variations in natural primary aerosol emissions.", "date": "2017-08-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "122", "number": "16", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "8739-8760", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20171214-151053041", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171214-151053041", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "N8 Consortium" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "grant_number": "EP/K000225/1" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "603445-BACCHUS" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "641816" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_141278" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "138951" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "299574" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V.is.l. Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/J024252/1" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2017JD026844", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd53954-sup-0001-TextS1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6gxz5-mhx41/files/jgrd53954-sup-0001-TextS1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Gordon_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6gxz5-mhx41/files/Gordon_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Gordon, Hamish; Kirkby, Jasper; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6nwzr-49424", "eprint_id": 80060, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:13:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 15:28:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tsagkogeorgas-G", "name": { "family": "Tsagkogeorgas", "given": "Georgios" } }, { "id": "Roldin-P", "name": { "family": "Roldin", "given": "Pontus" } }, { "id": "Duplissy-J", "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" } }, { "id": "Rondo-L", "name": { "family": "Rondo", "given": "Linda" } }, { "id": "Tr\u00f6stl-J", "name": { "family": "Tr\u00f6stl", "given": "Jasmin" } }, { "id": "Slowik-J-G", "name": { "family": "Slowik", "given": "Jay G." } }, { "id": "Ehrhart-S", "name": { "family": "Ehrhart", "given": "Sebastian" } }, { "id": "Franchin-A", "name": { "family": "Franchin", "given": "Alessandro" } }, { "id": "K\u00fcrten-A", "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "id": "Amorim-A", "name": { "family": "Amorim", "given": "Antonio" } }, { "id": "Bianchi-F", "name": { "family": "Bianchi", "given": "Federico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2996-3604" }, { "id": "Kirkby-J", "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" } }, { "id": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4-T", "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" } }, { "id": "Baltensperger-U", "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" } }, { "id": "Boyle-M", "name": { "family": "Boyle", "given": "Michael" } }, { "id": "Curtius-J", "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Kulmala-M", "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" } }, { "id": "Donahue-N-M", "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." } }, { "id": "Stratmann-F", "name": { "family": "Stratmann", "given": "Frank" } } ] }, "title": "Evaporation of sulfate aerosols at low relative humidity", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 23 Nov 2016 \u2013 Discussion started: 16 Dec 2016. Revised: 10 May 2017 \u2013 Accepted: 12 May 2017 \u2013 Published: 25 Jul 2017. \n\nAuthor contributions. GT and JD designed and performed the experiments. GT, JD and PR analysed the data. PR developed the model code. PR and GT performed the simulations. GT, JD, LR, JT, JGS, and AK collected the data and contributed to the analysis.\nGT, PR, JD, and NMD assisted in drafting the manuscript. GT, PR, JD, MB, JC, RCF, MK, NMD and FS contributed to scientific interpretation and editing of the manuscript. \n\nAll authors contributed to the development of the CLOUD facility and analysis instruments and commented on the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank Patrick Carrie, Louis-Philippe De Menezes, Jonathan Dumollard, Roberto Guida, Katja Ivanova, Francisco Josa, llia Krasin, Robert Kristic, Abdelmajid Laassiri, Osman Maksumov, Serge Mathot, Benjamin Marichy, Herve Martinati, Antti Onnela, Robert Sitals, Hansueli Walther, Albin Wasem and Mats Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-ITN\" no. 215072 and \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" no. 316662, ERC-Starting \"MOCAPAF\" grant no. 57360 and ERC-Advanced \"ATMNUCLE\" grant no. 227463), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos. 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020 135307 and 206620 141278), the Academy of Finland (Centre of Excellence project no. 1118615 and other projects: 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the Vaisala Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. J3198-N21), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsradet (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the US National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGC1439551 and CHE1012293), the PEGASOS project funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-ENV-2010-265148), and the Davidow Foundation. We thank the tofTools team for providing tools for mass spectrometry analysis. Pontus Roldin would like to thank the Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate (CRAICC) Nordic Top-Level Research Initiative and the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning FORMAS (project no. 214-2014-1445) for financial support. \n\nEdited by: Yafang Cheng. Reviewed by: two anonymous referees.\n\nPublished - acp-17-8923-2017.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-17-8923-2017-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Evaporation of sulfuric acid from particles can be important in the atmospheres of Earth and Venus. However, the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of H_2SO_4 to bisulfate ions, which is the one of the fundamental parameters controlling the evaporation of sulfur particles, is not well constrained. In this study we explore the volatility of sulfate particles at very low relative humidity. We measured the evaporation of sulfur particles versus temperature and relative humidity in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We modelled the observed sulfur particle shrinkage with the ADCHAM model. Based on our model results, we conclude that the sulfur particle shrinkage is mainly governed by H_2SO_4 and potentially to some extent by SO_3 evaporation. We found that the equilibrium constants for the dissociation of H_2SO_4 to H_SO_4^\u2212(K_(H_2SO)_4) and the dehydration of H_2SO_4 to SO_3 (^xK_(SO_3)) are K_(H_2SO)_4)\u2009=\u20092\u20134\u2009\u00d7\u200910^9\u202fmol\u202fkg^(\u22121) and ^xK_(SO)_3\u2009\u2265\u2009\u202f1.4\u202f\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u202f10^(10) at 288.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f5\u202fK.", "date": "2017-07-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "17", "number": "14", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "8923-8938", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170810-094023148", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170810-094023148", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "141278" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "Vaisala Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3198-N21" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsradet", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" }, { "agency": "European Commission", "grant_number": "FP7-ENV-2010-265148" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "Top-Level Research Initiative" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning", "grant_number": "214-2014-1445" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.5194/acp-17-8923-2017", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-17-8923-2017.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6nwzr-49424/files/acp-17-8923-2017.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-17-8923-2017-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6nwzr-49424/files/acp-17-8923-2017-supplement.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios; Roldin, Pontus; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xxk6d-tj712", "eprint_id": 77445, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 02:32:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 23:03:08", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mui-Wilton", "name": { "family": "Mui", "given": "Wilton" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3065-1296" }, { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "id": "Downard-A-J", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Design, simulation, and characterization of a radial opposed migration ion and aerosol classifier (ROMIAC)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 5 June 2016. Accepted 1 February 2017. Accepted author version posted online: 04 Apr 2017. Published online: 04 Apr 2017. \n\nEditor: Jian Wang. \n\nThe authors thank Daniel Thomas, Amanda Grantz, Ranganathan Gopalakrishnan, Paula Popescu, Johannes Lepp\u00e4, and Natasha Hodas for helpful discussions. Andrew Metcalf and Xerxes L\u00f3pez-Yglesias are acknowledged for their assistance with the particle trajectory simulations and LabView controls. \n\nThis research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. CBET-1236909 and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1144469 (W.M.), and the Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine (R.C.F. and A.J.D.).\n\nSupplemental Material - UAST_1315046_Supplemental_File.pdf
", "abstract": "We present the design, simulation, and characterization of the radial opposed migration ion and aerosol classifier (ROMIAC), a compact differential electrical mobility classifier. We evaluate the performance of the ROMIAC using a combination of finite element modeling and experimental validation of two nearly identical instruments using tetra-alkyl ammonium halide mass standards and sodium chloride particles. Mobility and efficiency calibrations were performed over a wide range of particle diameters and flow rates to characterize ROMIAC performance under the range of anticipated operating conditions. The ROMIAC performs as designed, though performance deviates from that predicted using simplistic models of the instrument. The underlying causes of this non-ideal behavior are found through finite element simulations that predict the performance of the ROMIAC with greater accuracy than the simplistic models. It is concluded that analytical performance models based on idealized geometries, flows, and fields should not be relied on to make accurate a priori predictions about instrumental behavior if the actual geometry or fields deviate from the ideal assumptions. However, if such deviations are accurately captured, finite element simulations have the potential to predict instrumental performance. The present prototype of the ROMIAC maintains its resolution over nearly three orders of magnitude in particle mobility, obtaining sub-20 nm particle size distributions in a compact package with relatively low flow rate operation requirements.", "date": "2017-04-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "51", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "801-823", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170515-102340363", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170515-102340363", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CBET-1236909" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship", "grant_number": "DGE-1144469" }, { "agency": "Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2017.1315046", "primary_object": { "basename": "UAST_1315046_Supplemental_File.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xxk6d-tj712/files/UAST_1315046_Supplemental_File.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Mui, Wilton; Mai, Huajun; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3am17-02x87", "eprint_id": 75077, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 19:54:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:43:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Dadashazar-H", "name": { "family": "Dadashazar", "given": "Hossein" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7054-4933" }, { "id": "Wang-Zhen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Zhen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7921-3134" }, { "id": "Crosbie-E", "name": { "family": "Crosbie", "given": "Ewan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-8066" }, { "id": "Brunke-M", "name": { "family": "Brunke", "given": "Michael" } }, { "id": "Zeng-Xubin", "name": { "family": "Zeng", "given": "Xubin" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7352-2764" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Woods-R-K", "name": { "family": "Woods", "given": "Roy K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3632-6374" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" } ] }, "title": "Relationships Between Giant Sea Salt Particles and Clouds Inferred from Aircraft Physicochemical Data", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "sea salt; GCCN; cloud; precipitation; MERRA; chloride", "note": "\u00a9 2017 American Geophysical Union. \n\nAccepted manuscript online: 8 March 2017; Manuscript Accepted: 2 March 2017; Manuscript Revised: 1 March 2017; Manuscript Received: 30 September 2016. \n\nAll data and results are available from the corresponding author (armin@email.arizona.edu). This work was funded by NASA grant NNX14AM02G and Office of Naval Research grants N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-04-1-0118, and N00014-16-1-2567. We acknowledge Daniel Rosenfeld and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments.\n\nPublished - Dadashazar_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research-_Atmospheres.pdf
", "abstract": "This study uses airborne data from multiple field campaigns off the California coast to determine the extent to which a size distribution parameter and a cloud water chemical measurement can capture the effect of giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN), specifically sea salt, on marine stratocumulus cloud properties. The two GCCN proxy variables, near-surface particle number concentration for diameters\u2009>\u20095\u2009\u00b5m and cloud water chloride concentration, are significantly correlated (95% confidence) with each other, and both exhibit expected relationships with other parameters (e.g., surface wind) that typically coincide with sea salt emissions. Factors influencing the relationship between these two GCCN proxy measurements include precipitation rate (R) and the standard deviation of the sub-cloud vertical velocity owing likely to scavenging effects and improved mixing/transport of sea salt to cloud base, respectively. When comparing twelve pairs of high and low chloride cloud cases (at fixed liquid water path and cloud drop number concentration), the average drop spectra for high chloride cases exhibit enhanced drop number at diameters exceeding 20\u2009\u00b5m, especially above 30\u2009\u00b5m. In addition, high chloride cases coincide with enhanced mean columnar R and negative values of precipitation susceptibility. The difference in drop effective radius between high and low chloride conditions decreases with height in cloud, suggesting that some GCCN-produced rain drops precipitate before reaching cloud tops. The sign of cloud responses (i.e., R) to perturbations in giant sea salt particle concentration, as evaluated from MERRA-2 reanalysis data, is consistent with the aircraft data.", "date": "2017-03-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "122", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "3421-3434", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170313-154649613", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170313-154649613", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NNX14AM02G" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-16-1-2567" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2016JD026019", "primary_object": { "basename": "Dadashazar_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research-_Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3am17-02x87/files/Dadashazar_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research-_Atmospheres.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Dadashazar, Hossein; Wang, Zhen; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cn83t-tz967", "eprint_id": 76597, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:58:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:08:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-Yuanlong", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Yuanlong" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6726-8904" }, { "id": "Coggon-Matthew-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Zhao-Ran", "name": { "family": "Zhao", "given": "Ran" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1096-7632" }, { "id": "Lignell-Hanna", "name": { "family": "Lignell", "given": "Hanna" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7049-1659" }, { "id": "Bauer-Michael-U", "name": { "family": "Bauer", "given": "Michael U." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The Caltech Photooxidation Flow Tube reactor: design, fluid dynamics and characterization", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 29 Aug 2016 \u2013 Discussion started: 22 Sep 2016. Revised: 07 Feb 2017 \u2013 Accepted: 24 Feb 2017 \u2013 Published: 09 Mar 2017. \n\nWe gratefully acknowledge a generous gift by Christine and Dwight Landis to support the construction of this reactor. We also thank Paul Wennberg for useful discussions and for offering laboratory supplies. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant AGS-1523500. Ran Zhao was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. \n\nData availability. Data presented in this work are available from the authors. \n\nEdited by: H. Harder. Reviewed by: A. Lambe and four anonymous referees. \n\nThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\n\nPublished - amt-10-839-2017.pdf
", "abstract": "Flow tube reactors are widely employed to study gas-phase atmospheric chemistry and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The development of a new laminar-flow tube reactor, the Caltech Photooxidation Flow Tube (CPOT), intended for the study of gas-phase atmospheric chemistry and SOA formation, is reported here. The present work addresses the reactor design based on fluid dynamical characterization and the fundamental behavior of vapor molecules and particles in the reactor. The design of the inlet to the reactor, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, comprises a static mixer and a conical diffuser to facilitate development of a characteristic laminar flow profile. To assess the extent to which the actual performance adheres to the theoretical CFD model, residence time distribution (RTD) experiments are reported with vapor molecules (O_3) and submicrometer ammonium sulfate particles. As confirmed by the CFD prediction, the presence of a slight deviation from strictly isothermal conditions leads to secondary flows in the reactor that produce deviations from the ideal parabolic laminar flow. The characterization experiments, in conjunction with theory, provide a basis for interpretation of atmospheric chemistry and SOA studies to follow. A 1-D photochemical model within an axially dispersed plug flow reactor (AD-PFR) framework is formulated to evaluate the oxidation level in the reactor. The simulation indicates that the OH concentration is uniform along the reactor, and an OH exposure (OH_(exp)) ranging from \u223c\u200910^9 to \u223c 10^(12) molecules\u202fcm^(\u22123)\u202fs can be achieved from photolysis of H_2O_2. A method to calculate OH_(exp) with a consideration for the axial dispersion in the present photochemical system is developed.", "date": "2017-03-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Measurement Techniques", "volume": "10", "number": "3", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "839-867", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170417-111141889", "issn": "1867-8548", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170417-111141889", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Christine and Dwight Landis" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1523500" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/amt-10-839-2017", "primary_object": { "basename": "amt-10-839-2017.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cn83t-tz967/files/amt-10-839-2017.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Huang, Yuanlong; Coggon, Matthew M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gtyc9-ykr88", "eprint_id": 71775, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:27:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:04:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Dunne-Eimear-M", "name": { "family": "Dunne", "given": "Eimear M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7085-8473" }, { "id": "Gordon-Hamish", "name": { "family": "Gordon", "given": "Hamish" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1822-3224" }, { "id": "K\u00fcrten-Andreas", "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "id": "Almeida-Jo\u00e3o", "name": { "family": "Almeida", "given": "Jo\u00e3o" } }, { "id": "Duplissy-Jonathan", "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8819-0264" }, { "id": "Williamson-Christina", "name": { "family": "Williamson", "given": "Christina" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5188-9378" }, { "id": "Ortega-Ismael-K", "name": { "family": "Ortega", "given": "Ismael K." } }, { "id": "Pringle-Kirsty-J", "name": { "family": "Pringle", "given": "Kirsty J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2190-5258" }, { "id": "Adamov-Alexey", "name": { "family": "Adamov", "given": "Alexey" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7169-2022" }, { "id": "Baltensperger-Urs", "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "Urs" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "id": "Barmet-Peter", "name": { "family": "Barmet", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "Benduhn-Francois", "name": { "family": "Benduhn", "given": "Francois" } }, { "id": "Bianchi-Federico", "name": { "family": "Bianchi", "given": "Federico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2996-3604" }, { "id": "Breitenlechner-Martin", "name": { "family": "Breitenlechner", "given": "Martin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2382-6660" }, { "id": "Clarke-Antony-D", "name": { "family": "Clarke", "given": "Antony" } }, { "id": "Curtius-Joachim", "name": { "family": "Curtius", "given": "Joachim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3153-4630" }, { "id": "Dommen-Josef", "name": { "family": "Dommen", "given": "Josef" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0006-0009" }, { "id": "Donahue-Neil-M", "name": { "family": "Donahue", "given": "Neil M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3054-2364" }, { "id": "Ehrhart-Sebastian", "name": { "family": "Ehrhart", "given": "Sebastian" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6517-5341" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Franchin-Alessandro", "name": { "family": "Franchin", "given": "Alessandro" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7425-8272" }, { "id": "Guida-Roberto", "name": { "family": "Guida", "given": "Roberto" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8413-9672" }, { "id": "Hakala-Jani", "name": { "family": "Hakala", "given": "Jani" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9199-5055" }, { "id": "Hansel-Armioin", "name": { "family": "Hansel", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1062-2394" }, { "id": "Heinritzi-Martin", "name": { "family": "Heinritzi", "given": "Martin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9171-8127" }, { "id": "Jokinen-Tuija", "name": { "family": "Jokinen", "given": "Tuija" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1280-1396" }, { "id": "Kangasluoma-Juha", "name": { "family": "Kangasluoma", "given": "Juha" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1639-1187" }, { "id": "Kirkby-Jasper", "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "id": "Kulmala-Markku", "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3464-7825" }, { "id": "Kupc-Agnieszka", "name": { "family": "Kupc", "given": "Agnieszka" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7996-2506" }, { "id": "Lawler-Michael-J", "name": { "family": "Lawler", "given": "Michael J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0421-6629" }, { "id": "Lehtipalo-Katrianne", "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-2706" }, { "id": "Makhmutov-Vladimir", "name": { "family": "Makhmutov", "given": "Vladimir" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2242-1055" }, { "id": "Mann-Graham", "name": { "family": "Mann", "given": "Graham" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1746-2837" }, { "id": "Mathot-Serge", "name": { "family": "Mathot", "given": "Serge" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4802-8251" }, { "id": "Merikanto-Joonas", "name": { "family": "Merikanto", "given": "Joonas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1145-2569" }, { "id": "Miettinen-Pasi", "name": { "family": "Miettinen", "given": "Pasi" } }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Onnela-Antti", "name": { "family": "Onnela", "given": "Antti" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9946-9762" }, { "id": "Rap-Alexandru", "name": { "family": "Rap", "given": "Alexandru" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2319-6769" }, { "id": "Reddington-Carly-L-S", "name": { "family": "Reddington", "given": "Carly L. S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5990-4966" }, { "id": "Riccobono-Francesco", "name": { "family": "Riccobono", "given": "Francesco" } }, { "id": "Richards-Nigel-A-D", "name": { "family": "Richards", "given": "Nigel A. D." } }, { "id": "Rissanen-Matti-P", "name": { "family": "Rissanen", "given": "Matti P." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0463-8098" }, { "id": "Rondo-Linda", "name": { "family": "Rondo", "given": "Linda" } }, { "id": "Sarnela-Nina", "name": { "family": "Sarnela", "given": "Nina" } }, { "id": "Schobesberger-Siegfried", "name": { "family": "Schobesberger", "given": "Siegfried" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5777-4897" }, { "id": "Sengupta-Kamalika", "name": { "family": "Sengupta", "given": "Kamalika" } }, { "id": "Simon-Mario", "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4900-7460" }, { "id": "Sipil\u00e4-Mikko", "name": { "family": "Sipil\u00e4", "given": "Mikko" } }, { "id": "Smith-James-N", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "James N." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4677-8224" }, { "id": "Stozkhov-Yuri", "name": { "family": "Stozkhov", "given": "Yuri" } }, { "id": "Tom\u00e9-Ant\u00f3nio", "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9144-7120" }, { "id": "Tr\u00f6stl-Jasmin", "name": { "family": "Tr\u00f6stl", "given": "Jasmin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2807-0348" }, { "id": "Wagner-Paul-E", "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Paul E." } }, { "id": "Wimmer-Daniela", "name": { "family": "Wimmer", "given": "Daniela" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5539-9958" }, { "id": "Winkler-Paul-M", "name": { "family": "Winkler", "given": "Paul M." } }, { "id": "Worsnop-Douglas-R", "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "id": "Carslaw-Kenneth-S", "name": { "family": "Carslaw", "given": "Kenneth S." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6800-154X" } ] }, "title": "Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 American Association for the Advancement of Science. \n\n18 January 2016; accepted 12 October 2016. Published online 27 October 2016. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O.S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S.V. Mizin, R. Sitals, H.U. Walther, A. Wasem and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. The computer modeling simulations were performed on ARC1 and ARC2, part of the High Performance Computing facilities at the University of Leeds, UK. This work also made use of the POLARIS facility of the N8 HPC Centre of Excellence, provided and funded by the N8 consortium and EPSRC (grant no. EP/K000225/1). The Centre is co-ordinated by the Universities of Leeds and Manchester. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Networks 'CLOUD- ITN' (no. 215072) and 'CLOUD-TRAIN' (no. 316662)), ERC-Starting MOCAPAF grant no. 5736 and ERC Advanced 'ATMNUCLE' grant no. 227463, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos. 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020 135307 and 206620 141278), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence project no. 1118615 and other projects 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 138951), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V.is.l. Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. J3198- N21), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGC1439551 and CHE1012293), the U.S. Department of Energy (grant DE-SC0014469), the PEGASOS project funded by the European Commission under the Framework Programme 7 (FP7-ENV- 2010-265148), the Davidow Foundation, and the NERC GASSP project under grant NE/J024252/1. We acknowledge financial support from the Royal Society Wolfson Merit Award. The nucleation rates used in our manuscript are available in the supplementary materials as a CSV file.\n\nAccepted Version - Global_atmospheric_particle_formation.pdf
Supplemental Material - aaf2649-Dunne-SM-data-S1.csv.zip
Supplemental Material - aaf2649-Dunne-SM.pdf
", "abstract": "Fundamental questions remain about the origin of newly formed atmospheric aerosol particles because data from laboratory measurements have been insufficient to build global models. In contrast, gas-phase chemistry models have been based on laboratory kinetics measurements for decades. Here we build a global model of aerosol formation using extensive laboratory-measured nucleation rates involving sulfuric acid, ammonia, ions and organic compounds. The simulations and a comparison with atmospheric observations show that nearly all nucleation throughout the present-day atmosphere involves ammonia or biogenic organic compounds in addition to sulfuric acid. A significant fraction of nucleation involves ions, but the relatively weak dependence on ion concentrations indicates that for the processes studied variations in cosmic ray intensity do not significantly affect climate via nucleation in the present-day atmosphere.", "date": "2016-12-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "354", "number": "6316", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "1119-1124", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161107-141236938", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161107-141236938", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "N8 Consortium" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "grant_number": "EP/K000225/1" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "5736" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020 135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620 141278" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "138951" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "Villum Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3198-N21" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGC1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE1012293" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "European Commission", "grant_number": "FP7-ENV-2010-265148" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/J024252/1" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.aaf2649", "primary_object": { "basename": "Global_atmospheric_particle_formation.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gtyc9-ykr88/files/Global_atmospheric_particle_formation.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "aaf2649-Dunne-SM-data-S1.csv.zip", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gtyc9-ykr88/files/aaf2649-Dunne-SM-data-S1.csv.zip" }, { "basename": "aaf2649-Dunne-SM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gtyc9-ykr88/files/aaf2649-Dunne-SM.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Dunne, Eimear M.; Gordon, Hamish; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vz6wt-7b740", "eprint_id": 71344, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:03:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:39:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Thomas-D-A", "name": { "family": "Thomas", "given": "Daniel A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9415-5991" }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Lignell-H", "name": { "family": "Lignell", "given": "Hanna" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7049-1659" }, { "id": "Schilling-K-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "Katherine Ann" } }, { "id": "Zhang-Xuan", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Xuan" } }, { "id": "Schwantes-R-H", "name": { "family": "Schwantes", "given": "Rebecca H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7095-3718" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Beauchamp-J-L", "name": { "family": "Beauchamp", "given": "Jesse Lee" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8839-4822" } ] }, "title": "Real-Time Studies of Iron Oxalate-Mediated Oxidation of Glycolaldehyde as a Model for Photochemical Aging of Aqueous Tropospheric Aerosols", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Fenton, Oxalate, Iron, Aerosol, Glycolaldehyde, Oxidation, Oxalic, Aqueous", "note": "\u00a9 2016 American Chemical Society. \n\nPublication Date (Web): October 12, 2016. \n\nThis work was supported by the Beckman Institute at Caltech and by the NSF grants CHE-1508825 and AGS-1523500. K.A.S. acknowledges support from the Department of Defense SMART program. The authors thank Kevin M. Barraza, Xinxing Zhang, and Prof. Mitchio Okumura for assistance with radiant flux measurements. \n\nAuthor Contributions: The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. \n\nD.AT. and M.M.C. contributed equally to this work. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interest.\n\nAccepted Version - acs_2Eest_2E6b03588.pdf
Supplemental Material - es6b03588_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "The complexation of iron (III) with oxalic acid in aqueous solution yields a strongly absorbing chromophore that undergoes efficient photodissociation to give iron (II) and the carbon dioxide anion radical. Importantly, iron (III) oxalate complexes absorb near-UV radiation (\u03bb > 350 nm), providing a potentially powerful source of oxidants in aqueous tropospheric chemistry. Although this photochemical system has been studied extensively, the mechanistic details associated with its role in the oxidation of dissolved organic matter within aqueous aerosol remain largely unknown. This study utilizes glycolaldehyde as a model organic species to examine the oxidation pathways and evolution of organic aerosol initiated by the photodissociation of aqueous iron (III) oxalate complexes. Hanging droplets (radius 1 mm) containing iron (III), oxalic acid, glycolaldehyde, and ammonium sulfate (pH ~ 3) are exposed to irradiation at 365 nm and sampled at discrete time points utilizing field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI-MS). Glycolaldehyde is found to undergo rapid oxidation to form glyoxal, glycolic acid, and glyoxylic acid, but the formation of high molecular weight oligomers is not observed. For comparison, particle-phase experiments conducted in a laboratory chamber explore the reactive uptake of gas-phase glycolaldehyde onto aqueous seed aerosol containing iron and oxalic acid. The presence of iron oxalate in seed aerosol is found to inhibit aerosol growth. These results suggest that photodissociation of iron (III) oxalate can lead to the formation of volatile oxidation products in tropospheric aqueous aerosols.", "date": "2016-11-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "50", "number": "22", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "12241-12249", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161021-115049301", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161021-115049301", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1508825" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1523500" }, { "agency": "Department of Defense" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/acs.est.6b03588", "primary_object": { "basename": "acs_2Eest_2E6b03588.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vz6wt-7b740/files/acs_2Eest_2E6b03588.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "es6b03588_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vz6wt-7b740/files/es6b03588_si_001.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Thomas, Daniel A.; Coggon, Matthew M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wbmqj-5ne71", "eprint_id": 73317, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 18:57:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:13:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huang-Dan-Dan", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Dan Dan" } }, { "id": "Zhang-Xuan", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Xuan" } }, { "id": "Dalleska-N-F", "name": { "family": "Dalleska", "given": "Nathan F." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2059-1587" }, { "id": "Lignell-H", "name": { "family": "Lignell", "given": "Hanna" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7049-1659" }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Chan-Chi-Ming", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chi-Ming" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Chan-Chak-Keung", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chak K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9687-8771" } ] }, "title": "A note on the effects of inorganic seed aerosol on the oxidation state of secondary organic aerosol-\u03b1-Pinene ozonolysis", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosol oxidation state; inorganic seed aerosol; highly oxygenated small carboxylic acids", "note": "\u00a9 2016 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 25 SEP 2016; Accepted 10 OCT 2016; Accepted article online 12 OCT 2016; Published online 31 OCT 2016. \n\nThis work was funded by the HKUST Sponsorship scheme for Targeted Strategic Partnerships and U.S. National Science Foundation grant AGS-1523500. Data used to generate the figures are available upon request.\n\nPublished - Huang_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd53391-sup-0001-Supplementary.pdf
", "abstract": "We compare the oxidation state and molecular composition of \u03b1-pinene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA) by varying the types and surface areas of inorganic seed aerosol that are used to promote the condensation of SOA-forming vapors. The oxidation state of \u03b1-pinene SOA is found to increase with inorganic seed surface area, likely a result of enhanced condensation of low-volatility organic compounds on particles versus deposition on the chamber wall. \u03b1-Pinene SOA is more highly oxygenated in the presence of sodium nitrate (SN) seed than ammonium sulfate seed. The relative abundance of semivolatile monomers and low-volatility dimer components that account for more than half of \u03b1-pinene SOA mass is not significantly affected by the composition of seed aerosol. Enhanced uptake of highly oxidized small carboxylic acids onto SN seed particles is observed, which could potentially explain the observed higher SOA oxidation state in the presence of SN seed aerosol. Overall, our results demonstrate that a combined effect of seed aerosol composition and surface area leads to an increase in the O:C atomic ratio of \u03b1-pinene SOA by as much as a factor of 2.", "date": "2016-10-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "121", "number": "20", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "12476-12483", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170106-155452341", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170106-155452341", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1523500" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2016JD025999", "primary_object": { "basename": "Huang_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wbmqj-5ne71/files/Huang_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd53391-sup-0001-Supplementary.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wbmqj-5ne71/files/jgrd53391-sup-0001-Supplementary.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Huang, Dan Dan; Zhang, Xuan; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b6kyy-b5n94", "eprint_id": 73338, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 18:57:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:14:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "K\u00fcrten-A", "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Experimental particle formation rates spanning tropospheric sulfuric acid and ammonia abundances, ion production rates, and temperatures", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "nucleation; chamber study; CLOUD experiment; ion-induced nucleation", "note": "\u00a9 2016 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. \n\nReceived 8 JUL 2015; Accepted 30 APR 2016; Published online 27 OCT 2016. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O.S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S.V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. We thank T. Olenius for helpful discussion. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Networks \"CLOUD-ITN\" 215072 and \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" 316662, ERC-Starting \"MOCAPAF\" grant no. 57360 and ERC-Advanced \"ATMNUCLE\" grant 227463), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (projects 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (Projects 200020_135307, 206620_130527, and 206620_141278), the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation, the U.S. National Science Foundation grants (AGS1447056 and AGS1439551), the U.S. Department of Energy (contract DE-SC0014469), and the Academy of Finland via the Centre of Excellence Programme (project 1118615, grants 1133872 and 251007). The data presented in this paper are available by contacting the corresponding author A. K. (kuerten@iau.uni-frankfurt.de).\n\nPublished - K-rten_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd53015-sup-0001-Supplementary.doc
", "abstract": "Binary nucleation of sulfuric acid and water as well as ternary nucleation involving ammonia are thought to be the dominant processes responsible for new particle formation (NPF) in the cold temperatures of the middle and upper troposphere. Ions are also thought to be important for particle nucleation in these regions. However, global models presently lack experimentally measured NPF rates under controlled laboratory conditions and so at present must rely on theoretical or empirical parameterizations. Here with data obtained in the European Organization for Nuclear Research CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber, we present the first experimental survey of NPF rates spanning free tropospheric conditions. The conditions during nucleation cover a temperature range from 208 to 298\u2009K, sulfuric acid concentrations between 5\u2009\u00d7\u200910^5 and 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910^9\u2009cm^(\u22123), and ammonia mixing ratios from zero added ammonia, i.e., nominally pure binary, to a maximum of ~1400 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). We performed nucleation studies under pure neutral conditions with zero ions being present in the chamber and at ionization rates of up to 75\u2009ion pairs cm^(\u22123)\u2009s^(\u22121) to study neutral and ion-induced nucleation. We found that the contribution from ion-induced nucleation is small at temperatures between 208 and 248\u2009K when ammonia is present at several pptv or higher. However, the presence of charges significantly enhances the nucleation rates, especially at 248\u2009K with zero added ammonia, and for higher temperatures independent of NH_3 levels. We compare these experimental data with calculated cluster formation rates from the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code with cluster evaporation rates obtained from quantum chemistry.", "date": "2016-10-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "121", "number": "20", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "12377-12400", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170109-130950350", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170109-130950350", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_130527" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_141278" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251007" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2015JD023908", "primary_object": { "basename": "K-rten_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b6kyy-b5n94/files/K-rten_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd53015-sup-0001-Supplementary.doc", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b6kyy-b5n94/files/jgrd53015-sup-0001-Supplementary.doc" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "K\u00fcrten, Andreas and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/af7xc-5p651", "eprint_id": 71046, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 18:56:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:18:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gordon-Hamish", "name": { "family": "Gordon", "given": "Hamish" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1822-3224" }, { "id": "Craven-Jill-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Zhang-Xuan", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Xuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1548-8021" } ] }, "title": "Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosol; biogenic; forcing; climate", "note": "\u00a9 2016 National Academy of Sciences. \n\nEdited by Joyce E. Penner, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, and accepted by Editorial Board Member A. R. Ravishankara August 20, 2016 (received for review February 19, 2016). Published online before print October 10, 2016, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1602360113 \n\nWe thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. We also thank D. Veber from Environment and Climate Change Canada for maintenance and calibrations of instruments at East Trout Lake and the Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for collaboration with data collection and quality assurance and control software. We thank A. D. Clarke and C. L. S. Reddington for making available processed data from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. We thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. The global modelling simulations were performed on Advanced Research Computing (ARC) high-performance computers at the University of Leeds. This research has received funding from the European Commission (EC) Seventh Framework and Horizon 2020 Programmes [Marie Curie Initial Training Network (MC-ITN) CLOUD-TRAIN Grant 316662, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grants 656994 and 600377, European Research Council (ERC)-Consolidator Grant NANODYNAMITE 616075, and ERC-Advanced Grant ATMNUCLE 227463]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research Project 01LK1222A; Swiss National Science Foundation Projects 200020_135307, 200021_140663, 206021_144947/1, and 20FI20_149002/1; Academy of Finland Center of Excellence Project 1118615; Academy of Finland Grants 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, and 141451; the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation; the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation; the Nessling Foundation; Austrian Science Fund Project L593; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology Project CERN/FP/116387/2010; Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det Grant 2011-5120; Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research Grant 12-02-91522-CERN; United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council Grant NE/K015966/1; the Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award); National Science Foundation Grants AGS1136479, AGS1439551, AGS1447056, and CHE1012293; Caltech Environmental Science and Engineering Grant (Davidow Foundation); Dreyfus Award EP-11-117; the French National Research Agency; the Nord-Pas de Calais; and European Funds for Regional Economic Development Labex-Cappa Grant ANR-11-LABX-0005-01. \n\nAuthor contributions: H.G., K.S., J. Kirkby, A.O., U.B., M. Kulmala, J.C., and K.S.C. designed research; H.G., K.S., A.R., J.A., J. Kirkby, S.A.M., K.J.P., N.A.D.R., C.E.S., S. Sharma, and K.S.C. performed research; H.G., K.S., J. Duplissy, C. Frege, C.W., M.H., M. Simon, C.Y., J.A., J.T., T.N., I.K.O., R.W., E.M.D., A. Adamov, A. Amorim, A.-K.B., F.B., M.B., S.B., X.C., J.S.C., A.D., S.E., L.F., R.C.F., A.F., C. Fuchs, R.G., J.H., C.R.H., T.J., H.J., J. Kangasluoma, J. Kim, J. Kirkby, M. Krapf, A.K., A.L., K.L., V.M., S.M., U.M., O.P., F.P., T.P., A.P.P., K.J.P., M.P.R., L.R., N.S., S. Schobesberger, J.H.S., S. Sharma, M. Sipil\u00e4, G.S., Y.S., F.S., A.T., A.V., A.L.V., A.C.W., P.E.W., E.W., D.R.W., P.M.W., P.Y., X.Z., A.H., J. Dommen, N.M.D., D.R.W., U.B., M. Kulmala, J.C., and K.S.C. collected data; and H.G., J. Kirkby, N.M.D., and K.S.C. wrote the paper. \n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest. \n\nThis article is a PNAS Direct Submission. J.E.P. is a Guest Editor invited by the Editorial Board. \n\nThis article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1602360113/-/DCSupplemental.\n\nPublished - PNAS-2016-Gordon-12053-8.pdf
Supplemental Material - pnas.1602360113.sapp.pdf
", "abstract": "The magnitude of aerosol radiative forcing caused by anthropogenic emissions depends on the baseline state of the atmosphere under pristine preindustrial conditions. Measurements show that particle formation in atmospheric conditions can occur solely from biogenic vapors. Here, we evaluate the potential effect of this source of particles on preindustrial cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and aerosol\u2013cloud radiative forcing over the industrial period. Model simulations show that the pure biogenic particle formation mechanism has a much larger relative effect on CCN concentrations in the preindustrial atmosphere than in the present atmosphere because of the lower aerosol concentrations. Consequently, preindustrial cloud albedo is increased more than under present day conditions, and therefore the cooling forcing of anthropogenic aerosols is reduced. The mechanism increases CCN concentrations by 20\u2013100% over a large fraction of the preindustrial lower atmosphere, and the magnitude of annual global mean radiative forcing caused by changes of cloud albedo since 1750 is reduced by 0.22 W m^(\u22122) (27%) to \u22120.60 W m^(\u22122). Model uncertainties, relatively slow formation rates, and limited available ambient measurements make it difficult to establish the significance of a mechanism that has its dominant effect under preindustrial conditions. Our simulations predict more particle formation in the Amazon than is observed. However, the first observation of pure organic nucleation has now been reported for the free troposphere. Given the potentially significant effect on anthropogenic forcing, effort should be made to better understand such naturally driven aerosol processes.", "date": "2016-10-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "113", "number": "43", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "12053-12058", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161013-104431240", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161013-104431240", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "600377" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_140663" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206021_144947/1" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_149002/1" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/K015966/1" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE1012293" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)", "grant_number": "ANR-11-LABX-0005-01" }, { "agency": "Nord-Pas de Calais" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1602360113", "pmcid": "PMC5087035", "primary_object": { "basename": "PNAS-2016-Gordon-12053-8.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/af7xc-5p651/files/PNAS-2016-Gordon-12053-8.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "pnas.1602360113.sapp.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/af7xc-5p651/files/pnas.1602360113.sapp.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Gordon, Hamish; Craven, Jill S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0a73g-f6w71", "eprint_id": 72529, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 18:54:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:42:08", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Zhen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Zhen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7921-3134" }, { "id": "Ramirez-M-M", "name": { "family": "Ramirez", "given": "Marco Mora" } }, { "id": "Dadashazar-H", "name": { "family": "Dadashazar", "given": "Hossein" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7054-4933" }, { "id": "MacDonald-A-B", "name": { "family": "MacDonald", "given": "Alex B." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7238-3341" }, { "id": "Crosbie-E", "name": { "family": "Crosbie", "given": "Ewan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-8066" }, { "id": "Bates-K-H", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "Kelvin H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7544-9580" }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Lynch-P", "name": { "family": "Lynch", "given": "Peng" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9661-8045" }, { "id": "Campbell-J-R", "name": { "family": "Campbell", "given": "James R." } }, { "id": "Azadi-Aghdam-M", "name": { "family": "Azadi Aghdam", "given": "Mojtaba" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1720-2894" }, { "id": "Woods-R-K", "name": { "family": "Woods", "given": "Roy K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3632-6374" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" } ] }, "title": "Contrasting cloud composition between coupled and decoupled marine boundary layer clouds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "cloud; composition; cloud water; marine; boundary layer; sea salt", "note": "\u00a9 2016 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 24 JUL 2016; Accepted 13 SEP 2016; Accepted article online 15 SEP 2016; Published online 1 OCT 2016. \n\nThis work was funded by ONR grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-04-1-0118, N00014-10-1-0811, and N00014-16-1-2567 and NSF grant AGS-1008848. Field campaign data used for this study can be obtained at u.arizona.edu/~armin, and questions about those data should be directed to the corresponding author (armin@email.arizona.edu). The NAAPS reanalysis data are available at http://usgodae.org/cgi-bin/datalist.pl?dset=nrl_naaps_reanalysis&summary=Go; the data on that server are updated as model improvements are made and reruns are completed. CALIOP data are available at the following website: https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/.\n\nPublished - Wang_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf
", "abstract": "Marine stratocumulus clouds often become decoupled from the vertical layer immediately above the ocean surface. This study contrasts cloud chemical composition between coupled and decoupled marine stratocumulus clouds for dissolved nonwater substances. Cloud water and droplet residual particle composition were measured in clouds off the California coast during three airborne experiments in July\u2013August of separate years (Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment 2011, Nucleation in California Experiment 2013, and Biological and Oceanic Atmospheric Study 2015). Decoupled clouds exhibited significantly lower air-equivalent mass concentrations in both cloud water and droplet residual particles, consistent with reduced cloud droplet number concentration and subcloud aerosol (D_p\u2009>\u2009100\u2009nm) number concentration, owing to detachment from surface sources. Nonrefractory submicrometer aerosol measurements show that coupled clouds exhibit higher sulfate mass fractions in droplet residual particles, owing to more abundant precursor emissions from the ocean and ships. Consequently, decoupled clouds exhibited higher mass fractions of organics, nitrate, and ammonium in droplet residual particles, owing to effects of long-range transport from more distant sources. Sodium and chloride dominated in terms of air-equivalent concentration in cloud water for coupled clouds, and their mass fractions and concentrations exceeded those in decoupled clouds. Conversely, with the exception of sea-salt constituents (e.g., Cl, Na, Mg, and K), cloud water mass fractions of all species examined were higher in decoupled clouds relative to coupled clouds. Satellite and Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System-based reanalysis data are compared with each other, and the airborne data to conclude that limitations in resolving boundary layer processes in a global model prevent it from accurately quantifying observed differences between coupled and decoupled cloud composition.", "date": "2016-10-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "121", "number": "19", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "11679-11691", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161202-131843652", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161202-131843652", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-16-1-2567" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1008848" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2016JD025695", "primary_object": { "basename": "Wang_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0a73g-f6w71/files/Wang_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Wang, Zhen; Ramirez, Marco Mora; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ecg33-a1d52", "eprint_id": 71780, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 14:12:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:39:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hodas-N", "name": { "family": "Hodas", "given": "Natasha" } }, { "id": "Zuend-A", "name": { "family": "Zuend", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3101-8521" }, { "id": "Schilling-K-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "Katherine" } }, { "id": "Berkemeier-T", "name": { "family": "Berkemeier", "given": "Thomas" } }, { "id": "Shiraiwa-Manabu", "name": { "family": "Shiraiwa", "given": "Manabu" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2532-5373" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Discontinuities in hygroscopic growth below and above water saturation for laboratory surrogates of oligomers in organic atmospheric aerosols", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 18 Mar 2016 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 28 Apr 2016. Revised: 08 Aug 2016 \u2013 Accepted: 20 Sep 2016 \u2013 Published: 13 Oct 2016. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office for Naval Research under award no. N00014-14-1-0097. Natasha Hodas was supported by a National Science Foundation Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowship, award no. 14433246. Andreas Zuend acknowledges support by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC, grant RGPIN/04315-2014). The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Armin Sorooshian and Taylor Shingler regarding the DASH-SP. \n\nAll data are available from the corresponding author by request. Please also see the Appendices and http://aiomfac.caltech.edu for additional details. \n\nEdited by: K. Lehtinen. Reviewed by: two anonymous referees.\n\nPublished - acp-16-12767-2016.pdf
Erratum - acp-16-12767-2016-corrigendum.pdf
", "abstract": "Discontinuities in apparent hygroscopicity below and above water saturation have been observed for organic and mixed organic\u2013inorganic aerosol particles in both laboratory studies and in the ambient atmosphere. However, uncertainty remains regarding the factors that contribute to observations of low hygroscopic growth below water saturation but enhanced cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity for a given aerosol population. Utilizing laboratory surrogates for oligomers in atmospheric aerosols, we explore the extent to which such discontinuities are influenced by organic component molecular mass and viscosity, non-ideal thermodynamic interactions between aerosol components, and the combination of these factors. Measurements of hygroscopic growth under subsaturated conditions and the CCN activity of aerosols comprised of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with average molecular masses ranging from 200 to 10\u202f000\u202fg\u202fmol\u207b\u00b9 and mixtures of PEG with ammonium sulfate (AS) were conducted. Experimental results are compared to calculations of hygroscopic growth at thermodynamic equilibrium conducted with the Aerosol Inorganic Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficients (AIOMFAC) model, and the potential influence of kinetic limitations on observed water uptake was further explored through estimations of water diffusivity in the PEG oligomers. Particle-phase behavior, including the prevalence of liquid\u2013liquid phase separation (LLPS), was also modeled with AIOMFAC. Under subsaturated relative humidity (RH) conditions, we observed little variability in hygroscopic growth across PEG systems with different molecular masses; however, an increase in CCN activity with increasing PEG molecular mass was observed. This effect is most pronounced for PEG\u2013AS mixtures, and, in fact, an enhancement in CCN activity was observed for the PEG10000\u2013AS mixture as compared to pure AS, as evidenced by a 15\u202f% reduction in critical activation diameter at a supersaturation of 0.8\u202f%. We also observed a marked increase in apparent hygroscopicity for mixtures of higher molecular mass PEG and AS under supersaturated conditions as compared to subsaturated hygroscopic growth. AIOMFAC-based predictions and estimations of water diffusivity in PEG suggest that such discontinuities in apparent hygroscopicity above and below water saturation can be attributed, at least in part, to differences in the sensitivity of water uptake behavior to surface tension effects. There is no evidence that kinetic limitations to water uptake due to the presence of viscous aerosol components influenced hygroscopic growth. For the systems that display an enhancement in apparent hygroscopicity above water saturation, LLPS is predicted to persist to high RH. This indicates a miscibility gap and is likely to influence bulk-to-surface partitioning of PEG at high RH, impacting droplet surface tension and CCN activity. This work provides insight into the factors likely to be contributing to discontinuities in aerosol water-uptake behavior below and above water saturation that have been observed previously in the ambient atmosphere.", "date": "2016-10-13", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "16", "number": "19", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "12767-12792", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161107-145058887", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161107-145058887", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-14-1-0097" }, { "agency": "NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "AGS-14433246" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)", "grant_number": "RGPIN/04315-2014" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-16-12767-2016", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-16-12767-2016.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ecg33-a1d52/files/acp-16-12767-2016.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-16-12767-2016-corrigendum.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ecg33-a1d52/files/acp-16-12767-2016-corrigendum.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Hodas, Natasha; Zuend, Andreas; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k1svd-80x94", "eprint_id": 69469, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 11:53:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:05:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Franchin-A", "name": { "family": "Franchin", "given": "Alessandro" } }, { "id": "Downard-A", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "Andy" } }, { "id": "Kangasluoma-J", "name": { "family": "Kangasluoma", "given": "Juha" } }, { "id": "Nieminen-T", "name": { "family": "Nieminen", "given": "Tuomo" } }, { "id": "Lehtipalo-K", "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" } }, { "id": "Steiner-G", "name": { "family": "Steiner", "given": "Gerhard" } }, { "id": "Manninen-H-E", "name": { "family": "Manninen", "given": "Hanna E." } }, { "id": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4-T", "name": { "family": "Pet\u00e4j\u00e4", "given": "Tuukka" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Kulmala-M", "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" } } ] }, "title": "A new high-transmission inlet for the Caltech nano-RDMA for size distribution measurements of sub-3 nm ions at ambient concentrations", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Author(s). This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 17 February 2015 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss.: 15 June 2015; Revised: 23 March 2016 \u2013 Accepted: 30 May 2016 \u2013 Published: 29 June 2016. \n\nThis research was funded by the European Commission 7th Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-ITN\", grant 215072); the European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant Atmospheric nucleation: from molecular to global scale (ATMNUCLE) (grant 227463); from the Austrian Science Fund, FWF (grant number P27295-N20); and the Academy of Finland via the Centre of Excellence Programme (projects 1118615 and 272041). Thanks to Rae Ellen Bichell for proofreading.\n\nPublished - amt-9-2709-2016.pdf
", "abstract": "Reliable and reproducible measurements of atmospheric aerosol particle number size distributions below 10\u202fnm require optimized classification instruments with high particle transmission efficiency. Almost all differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) have an unfavorable potential gradient at the outlet (e.g., long column, Vienna type) or at the inlet (nano-radial DMA), preventing them from achieving a good transmission efficiency for the smallest nanoparticles. We developed a new high-transmission inlet for the Caltech nano-radial DMA (nRDMA) that increases the transmission efficiency to 12\u202f% for ions as small as 1.3\u202fnm in Millikan\u2013Fuchs mobility equivalent diameter, D_p (corresponding to 1.2\u202f\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u202f10^(\u22124)\u202fm^2\u202fV^(\u22121)\u202fs^(\u22121) in electrical mobility). We successfully deployed the nRDMA, equipped with the new inlet, in chamber measurements, using a particle size magnifier (PSM) and as a booster a condensation particle counter (CPC). With this setup, we were able to measure size distributions of ions within a mobility range from 1.2\u202f\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u202f10^(\u22124) to 5.8\u202f\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u202f10^(\u22126)\u202fm^2\u202fV^(\u22121)\u202fs^(\u22121). The system was modeled, tested in the laboratory and used to measure negative ions at ambient concentrations in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) 7 measurement campaign at CERN. We achieved a higher size resolution (R\u202f\u2009=\u2009\u202f5.5 at D_p\u202f\u2009=\u2009\u202f1.47\u202fnm) than techniques currently used in field measurements (e.g., Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS), which has a R \u2009\u223c\u2009\u202f2 at largest sizes, and R \u2009\u223c\u2009\u202f1.8 at D_p\u202f\u2009=\u2009\u202f1.5\u202fnm) and maintained a good total transmission efficiency (6.3\u202f% at D_p\u202f\u2009=\u2009\u202f1.5\u202fnm) at moderate inlet and sheath airflows (2.5 and 30\u202fL\u202fmin^(\u22121), respectively). In this paper, by measuring size distributions at high size resolution down to 1.3\u202fnm, we extend the limit of the current technology. The current setup is limited to ion measurements. However, we envision that future research focused on the charging mechanisms could extend the technique to measure neutral aerosol particles as well, so that it will be possible to measure size distributions of ambient aerosols from 1\u202fnm to 1\u202f\u00b5m.", "date": "2016-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Measurement Techniques", "volume": "9", "number": "6", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "2709-2720", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160805-101341458", "issn": "1867-8548", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160805-101341458", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P27295-N20" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "272041" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/amt-9-2709-2016", "primary_object": { "basename": "amt-9-2709-2016.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k1svd-80x94/files/amt-9-2709-2016.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Franchin, Alessandro; Downard, Andy; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537", "eprint_id": 67550, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 11:45:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:17:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kirkby-Jasper", "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2341-9069" }, { "id": "Craven-Jill-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Zhang-Xuan", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Xuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7203-2293" } ] }, "title": "Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons licence, users will need to obtain permission from the licence holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. \n\nReceived 06 July 2015; Accepted 16 March 2016; Published online 25 May 2016. \n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem and M. Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment. We thank the CSC Centre for Scientific Computing in Espoo, Finland for computer time. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network MC-ITN CLOUD-TRAIN no. 316662, EU Horizon 2020 Marie Curie grant no. 656994, ERC-Consolidator grant NANODYNAMITE no. 616075 and ERC-Advanced grant ATMNUCLE no. 227463), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project no. 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos 200020_135307, 200021_140663, 206021_144947/1 and 20FI20_149002/1), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence project no. 1118615), the Academy of Finland (135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. L593), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 12-02-91522-CERN), the UK Natural Environment Research Council (grant NE/K015966/1), the Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award), the US National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, AGS1447056 and CHE1012293), Caltech ESE Grant (Davidow Foundation), Dreyfus Award EP-11-117, the French National Research Agency (ANR), the Nord-Pas de Calais, and the European Funds for Regional Economic Development (FEDER, Labex-Cappa, ANR-11-LABX-0005-01). \n\nAuthor Contributions: J.A., H.G., A.K., T.N., J.T. and C.W. analysed the nucleation rates; C.Fr. analysed the APi-TOF charged clusters; M.H., M.Sim. and C.Y. performed the CI-APi-TOF HOM and H2SO4 analyses; A.-K.B. analysed the PTR-TOF \u03b1-pinene; J.H.S. and X.Z. analysed the ELVOC structures and formation mechanisms; I.K.O. performed the quantum chemical calculations; A.Ad., J.A., A.Am., A.-K.B., F.B., M.B., S.B., J.Cu., J.Cr., A.D., J.Do., J.Du., S.E., C.Fr., C.Fu., H.G., M.H., C.R.H., T.J., H.J., J.Ka., J. Kim, J.Kir., M.Kr., A.K., K.L., V.M., U.M., T.N., F.P., T.P., A.P.P., M.P.R., N.S., K.S., M.Sim., M.Sip., G.S., A.T., J.T., A.W., D.W., R.W., C.W., C.Y. and P.Y. collected the data and contributed to the analysis; K.S.C., H.G., K.P., A.R., N.A.D.R., K.S. and C.E.S. evaluated the atmospheric relevance; J.Kir. wrote the manuscript; J.A., J.Do., N.M.D., C.Fr., H.G., M.H., J.H.S., M.Sim., C.W., R.W., C.Y. and X.Z. contributed to Methods and Extended Data; and U.B., K.S.C., J.Cu., J.Do., N.M.D., R.C.F., A.H., J.Kir., M.Ku., J.H.S. and D.R.W. contributed to data interpretation and editing of manuscript. All authors contributed to the development of the CLOUD facility and analysis instruments, and commented on the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interests.\n\nPublished - nature17953.pdf
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", "abstract": "Atmospheric aerosols and their effect on clouds are thought to be important for anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate, yet remain poorly understood. Globally, around half of cloud condensation nuclei originate from nucleation of atmospheric vapours. It is thought that sulfuric acid is essential to initiate most particle formation in the atmosphere, and that ions have a relatively minor role. Some laboratory studies, however, have reported organic particle formation without the intentional addition of sulfuric acid, although contamination could not be excluded. Here we present evidence for the formation of aerosol particles from highly oxidized biogenic vapours in the absence of sulfuric acid in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions. The highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) are produced by ozonolysis of \u03b1-pinene. We find that ions from Galactic cosmic rays increase the nucleation rate by one to two orders of magnitude compared with neutral nucleation. Our experimental findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations of the cluster binding energies of representative HOMs. Ion-induced nucleation of pure organic particles constitutes a potentially widespread source of aerosol particles in terrestrial environments with low sulfuric acid pollution.", "date": "2016-05-26", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "533", "number": "7604", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "521-526", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160601-132221963", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160601-132221963", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_140663" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206021_144947/1" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_149002/1" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/K015966/1" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE1012293" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)" }, { "agency": "Nord-Pas de Calais" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)", "grant_number": "ANR-11-LABX-0005-01" }, { "agency": "European Regional Development Fund" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nature17953", "pmcid": "PMC8384037", "primary_object": { "basename": "nature17953-sf1.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953-sf1.jpg" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nature17953-sf2.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953-sf2.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature17953-sf3.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953-sf3.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature17953-sf5.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953-sf5.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature17953-sf6.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953-sf6.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature17953.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953.pdf" }, { "basename": "nature17953-sf4.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953-sf4.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature17953-sf7.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953-sf7.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature17953-sf8.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953-sf8.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature17953-st1.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n7v89-41537/files/nature17953-st1.jpg" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Kirkby, Jasper; Craven, Jill; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84", "eprint_id": 67521, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 11:44:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:15:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tr\u00f6stl-Jasmin", "name": { "family": "Tr\u00f6stl", "given": "Jasmin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2807-0348" }, { "id": "Craven-Jill-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons licence, users will need to obtain permission from the licence holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. \n\nReceived 01 September 2015; Accepted 22 April 2016; Published online 25 May 2016. \n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'CLOUD-ITN' no. 215072, MC-ITN 'CLOUD-TRAIN', no. 316662, and ERC-StG-ATMOGAIN (278277) and ERC-Advanced 'ATMNUCLE' grant no. 227463), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos 200020_135307, 200020_152907, 20FI20_149002 and 200021_140663), the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence programme (project no. 1118615), the Academy of Finland (CoE project no. 1118615, LASTU project no. 135054), the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. J3198-N21), the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (no. 656994), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant no. 2011-5120), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), Dreyfus Award EP-11-117, the Davidow Foundation, the US National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, AGS1447056, AGS1439551 and CHE1012293), US Department of Energy (grant DE-SC00014469) and the FP7 project BACCHUS (grant agreement 603445). \n\nAuthor Contributions: A.A., J.A., U.B., A.-K.B., M.B., F.B., K.S.C., J.S.C., J.C., A.D., J.Do., N.M.D., J.Du., S.E., R.C.F., A.F., C.Fr., C.Fu., R.G., M.G., M.H., T.J., H.K., J.Kir., M.Kr., M.Ku., A.K., A.L., K.L., P.M., U.M., T.N., T.P., F.M.P., M.P.R., S.S., M.Sim., M.Sip., J.N.S., G.S., A.T., J.T., A.V., A.C.W., R.W., E.W., D.W., P.M.W., D.W. and C.Y. designed the experiment or prepared the CLOUD facility or instruments. A.A., J.A., A.-K.B., M.B., F.B., S.B., J.S.C., J.C., A.D., J.Du., S.E., A.F., C.Fr., C.Fu., H.G., M.H., C.R.H., T.J., J.Ka., H.K., J. Kim, J.Kir., M.Kr., A.K., M.L., K.L., P.M., U.M., T.N., F.M.P., I.R., M.P.R., N.S., S.S., K.S., M.Sim., M.Sip., J.N.S., G.S., A.T., J.T., A.V., A.C.W., R.W., C.W., D.W., C.Y. and P.Y. collected data. L.A., A.K.B., F.B., S.B., J.S.C., N.M.D., R.C.F., A.F., C.F., M.H., C.R.H., T.J., K.L., U.M., T.N., N.S., S.S., M.Sim., M.Sip., G.S., J.T., R.W., C.W., D.W. and C.Y. performed data analysis. J.Do. and U.M. contributed HOM structures. W.K.C., N.M.D., L.A., I.R. and J.T. performed aerosol growth modelling. H.G. performed GLOMAP modelling. J.T., L.A., U.B., F.B., K.S.C., J.C., J.Do., N.M.D., J.Du., R.C.F., C.Fr., H.G., M.G., M.H., C.R.H., T.J., J.Kir., M.Ku., K.L., U.M., T.P., I.R., M.P.R., N.S., S.S., M.Sim., C.W., D.W. and C.Y. were involved in the scientific interpretation and discussion. J.T., U.B., J.Do., N.M.D. and H.G. wrote the manuscript. All commented on the paper. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interests.\n\nPublished - nature18271.pdf
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", "abstract": "About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst of new particles near midday. Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate of new particles often accelerates when the diameter of the particles is between one and ten nanometres. In this critical size range, new particles are most likely to be lost by coagulation with pre-existing particles, thereby failing to form new cloud condensation nuclei that are typically 50 to 100 nanometres across. Sulfuric acid vapour is often involved in nucleation but is too scarce to explain most subsequent growth, leaving organic vapours as the most plausible alternative, at least in the planetary boundary layer. Although recent studies predict that low-volatility organic vapours contribute during initial growth, direct evidence has been lacking. The accelerating growth may result from increased photolytic production of condensable organic species in the afternoon, and the presence of a possible Kelvin (curvature) effect, which inhibits organic vapour condensation on the smallest particles (the nano-K\u00f6hler theory), has so far remained ambiguous. Here we present experiments performed in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions that investigate the role of organic vapours in the initial growth of nucleated organic particles in the absence of inorganic acids and bases such as sulfuric acid or ammonia and amines, respectively. Using data from the same set of experiments, it has been shown that organic vapours alone can drive nucleation. We focus on the growth of nucleated particles and find that the organic vapours that drive initial growth have extremely low volatilities (saturation concentration less than 10^(\u22124.5) micrograms per cubic metre). As the particles increase in size and the Kelvin barrier falls, subsequent growth is primarily due to more abundant organic vapours of slightly higher volatility (saturation concentrations of 10^(\u22124.5) to 10^(\u22120.5) micrograms per cubic metre). We present a particle growth model that quantitatively reproduces our measurements. Furthermore, we implement a parameterization of the first steps of growth in a global aerosol model and find that concentrations of atmospheric cloud concentration nuclei can change substantially in response, that is, by up to 50 per cent in comparison with previously assumed growth rate parameterizations.", "date": "2016-05-26", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "533", "number": "7604", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "527-531", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160601-083812781", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160601-083812781", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "278277" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_152907" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_149002/1" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_140663" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3198-N21" }, { "agency": "European Union", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE1012293" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC00014469" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "603445" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nature18271", "pmcid": "PMC8384036", "primary_object": { "basename": "nature18271-sf3.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-sf3.jpg" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nature18271-sf4.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-sf4.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature18271-sf8.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-sf8.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature18271-st1.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-st1.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature18271-sf9.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-sf9.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature18271.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271.pdf" }, { "basename": "nature18271-sf1.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-sf1.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature18271-sf2.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-sf2.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature18271-sf5.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-sf5.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature18271-sf6.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-sf6.jpg" }, { "basename": "nature18271-sf7.jpg", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrx15-6wv84/files/nature18271-sf7.jpg" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Tr\u00f6stl, Jasmin; Craven, Jill S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ekpbk-21189", "eprint_id": 67850, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 11:41:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:48:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lehtipalo-Katrianne", "name": { "family": "Lehtipalo", "given": "Katrianne" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1660-2706" }, { "id": "Downard-Andrew-J", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The effect of acid\u2013base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric nano-particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. \n\nReceived 21 Sep 2015; Accepted 12 Apr 2016; Published 20 May 2016. \n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We thank the tofTools team for data analysis toolbox. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Networks 'CLOUD-ITN' grant no. 215072, and 'CLOUD-TRAIN', grant no. 316662; ERC grants 'ATMOGAIN' grant no. 278277, 'MOCAPAF' grant no. 257360, 'NANODYNAMITE' grant no. 616075 and 'ATMNUCLE' grant no. 227463; FP7-ENV-2010-265148, PEGASOS), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 656994, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos 206621_125025 and 206620_130527), the Academy of Finland (project nos 251427, 1133872 and 138951), the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence program (project nos 1118615 and 272041), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project nos P19546 and L593), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council (grant 2011\u20135120), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N08-02-91006-CERN) and the US National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479 and CHE1012293), US Department of Energy (DE-SC00014469) and the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 foundation. \n\nAuthor Contributions: K.L., V.-M.K. and M.K. wrote the manuscript. K.L., S.Scho., A.F., T.N. and F.R. analysed the growth rates. L.R., S.Scho., N.S., T.J and M.Sip. analysed the mass spectrometer data. J.Ko., A.K., S.E., O.K.-M. and T.O. performed the modelling. K.L., M.K., N.D., H.V., K.C., I.R., D.W., U.B. and J.C. did data interpretation and editing of the manuscript. All other authors participated in either the development and preparations of the CLOUD facility and the instruments, and/or collecting and analysing the data, and they commented on the manuscript. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interests.\n\nPublished - ncomms11594.pdf
Supplemental Material - ncomms11594-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "The growth of freshly formed aerosol particles can be the bottleneck in their survival to cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles grow in the atmosphere. Insufficient experimental data has impeded a profound understanding of nano-particle growth under atmospheric conditions. Here we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting from the formation of molecular clusters. We present measured growth rates at sub-3\u2009nm sizes with different atmospherically relevant concentrations of sulphuric acid, water, ammonia and dimethylamine. We find that atmospheric ions and small acid-base clusters, which are not generally accounted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading to enhanced growth rates. The availability of compounds capable of stabilizing sulphuric acid clusters governs the magnitude of these effects and thus the exact growth mechanism. We bring these observations into a coherent framework and discuss their significance in the atmosphere.", "date": "2016-05-20", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature Communications", "volume": "7", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "Art. No. 11594", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160610-145711972", "issn": "2041-1723", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160610-145711972", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "278277" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "257360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "European Commission", "grant_number": "FP7-ENV-2010-265148" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "656994" }, { "agency": "Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206621_125025" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_130527" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "138951" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "272041" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P19546" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "N08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE1012293" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC00014469" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/ncomms11594", "pmcid": "PMC4876472", "primary_object": { "basename": "ncomms11594.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ekpbk-21189/files/ncomms11594.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "ncomms11594-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ekpbk-21189/files/ncomms11594-s1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Lehtipalo, Katrianne; Downard, Andrew J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8s2p5-tmc44", "eprint_id": 66085, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 11:15:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:07:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "J\u00e4rvinen-E", "name": { "family": "J\u00e4rvinen", "given": "Emma" } }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Rick C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Observation of viscosity transition in \u03b1-pinene secondary organic aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 04 Sep 2015 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 22 Oct 2015. Revised: 08 Mar 2016 \u2013 Accepted: 29 Mar 2016 \u2013 Published: 11 Apr 2016. \n\nThe CERN CLOUD experiment (ACP/AMT inter-journal SI) \n\nWe would like to thank the two anonymous referees for their valuable comments. We thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources. We thank the CLOUD-TRAIN community and specially all the ITN students for their help and support. This research has received funding from the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Union (Marie Curie-Networks for Initial Training MC-ITN CLOUD-TRAIN no. 316 662), from Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) grant number 200021_140663, from US National Science Foundation grants AGS-1447056 and AGS-1439551, from Dreyfus Award EP-11-117, from German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (project no. 01LK1222A and B), from the Davidow Foundation, and from the funding of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the CLOUD12 project. \n\nThe article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by a Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association. \n\nEdited by: T. Koop\n\nPublished - 347-Jarvinen-2016.pdf
", "abstract": "Under certain conditions, secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles can exist in the atmosphere in an amorphous solid or semi-solid state. To determine their relevance to processes such as ice nucleation or chemistry occurring within particles requires knowledge of the temperature and relative humidity (RH) range for SOA to exist in these states. In the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) experiment at The European Organisation for Nuclear Research (CERN), we deployed a new in situ optical method to detect the viscous state of \u03b1-pinene SOA particles and measured their transition from the amorphous highly viscous state to states of lower viscosity. The method is based on the depolarising properties of laboratory-produced non-spherical SOA particles and their transformation to non-depolarising spherical particles at relative humidities near the deliquescence point. We found that particles formed and grown in the chamber developed an asymmetric shape through coagulation. A transition to a spherical shape was observed as the RH was increased to between 35\u202f% at \u221210\u202f\u00b0C and 80\u202f% at \u221238\u202f\u00b0C, confirming previous calculations of the viscosity-transition conditions. Consequently, \u03b1-pinene SOA particles exist in a viscous state over a wide range of ambient conditions, including the cirrus region of the free troposphere. This has implications for the physical, chemical, and ice-nucleation properties of SOA and SOA-coated particles in the atmosphere.", "date": "2016-04-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "16", "number": "7", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "4423-4438", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160412-104944600", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160412-104944600", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "European Union", "grant_number": "316 662" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_140663" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222B" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-16-4423-2016", "primary_object": { "basename": "347-Jarvinen-2016.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8s2p5-tmc44/files/347-Jarvinen-2016.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "J\u00e4rvinen, Emma; Craven, Jill; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2evsj-5qr58", "eprint_id": 67650, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 17:38:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:21:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rondo-L", "name": { "family": "Rondo", "given": "L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Effect of dimethylamine on the gas phase sulfuric acid concentration measured by Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "CLOUD experiment; nucleation; Chemical Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer", "note": "\u00a9 2016 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. \n\nReceived 9 JUL 2015; Accepted 9 NOV 2015; Accepted article online 6 FEB 2016; Published online 24 MAR 2016. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-ITN\" 215072, MC-ITN \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" 316662, ERC-Starting \"MOCAPAF\" grant 57360 and ERC-Advanced \"ATMNUCLE\" grant 227463), PEGASOS project funded by the European Commission under the Framework Programme 7 (FP7-ENV-2010-265148), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project 200020_135307 and 206620_141278), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence project 1118615 and 251007), the Academy of Finland (138951, 135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, and 141451), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project J3198-N21), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1447056 and AGS1439551), the U.S. Department of Energy (contract DE-SC0014469), and the Davidow Foundation. We thank the tofTools team for providing tools for mass spectrometry analysis. The data presented in this paper are available by contacting the corresponding author L.R. (l.rondo@iau.uni-frankfurt.de).\n\nPublished - Rondo_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd52766-sup-0001-Supplementary.doc
", "abstract": "Sulfuric acid is widely recognized as a very important substance driving atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Based on quantum chemical calculations it has been suggested that the quantitative detection of gas phase sulfuric acid (H_2SO_4) by use of Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) could be biased in the presence of gas phase amines such as dimethylamine (DMA). An experiment (CLOUD7 campaign) was set up at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber to investigate the quantitative detection of H_2SO_4 in the presence of dimethylamine by CIMS at atmospherically relevant concentrations. For the first time in the CLOUD experiment, the monomer sulfuric acid concentration was measured by a CIMS and by two CI-APi-TOF (Chemical Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight) mass spectrometers. In addition, neutral sulfuric acid clusters were measured with the CI-APi-TOFs. The CLOUD7 measurements show that in the presence of dimethylamine (<5 to 70 pptv) the sulfuric acid monomer measured by the CIMS represents only a fraction of the total H_2SO_4, contained in the monomer and the clusters that is available for particle growth. Although it was found that the addition of dimethylamine dramatically changes the H_2SO_4 cluster distribution compared to binary (H_2SO_4-H_2O) conditions, the CIMS detection efficiency does not seem to depend substantially on whether an individual H_2SO_4 monomer is clustered with a DMA molecule. The experimental observations are supported by numerical simulations based on A Self-contained Atmospheric chemistry coDe coupled with a molecular process model (Sulfuric Acid Water NUCleation) operated in the kinetic limit.", "date": "2016-03-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "121", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "3036-3049", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160603-103123406", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160603-103123406", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "European Commission", "grant_number": "FP7-ENV-2010-265148" }, { "agency": "Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_141278" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251007" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "138951" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3198-N21" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1439551" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0014469" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2015JD023868", "pmcid": "PMC4996328", "primary_object": { "basename": "Rondo_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2evsj-5qr58/files/Rondo_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Atmospheres.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd52766-sup-0001-Supplementary.doc", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2evsj-5qr58/files/jgrd52766-sup-0001-Supplementary.doc" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Rondo, L. and Flagan, R. C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rgkjx-w8v30", "eprint_id": 65422, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 10:56:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:25:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Nichman-L", "name": { "family": "Nichman", "given": "Leonid" } }, { "id": "Fuchs-C", "name": { "family": "Fuchs", "given": "Claudia" } }, { "id": "J\u00e4rvinen-E", "name": { "family": "J\u00e4rvinen", "given": "Emma" } }, { "id": "Ignatius-K", "name": { "family": "Ignatius", "given": "Karoliina" } }, { "id": "H\u00f6ppel-N-F", "name": { "family": "H\u00f6ppel", "given": "Niko Florian" } }, { "id": "Dias-A", "name": { "family": "Dias", "given": "Antonio" } }, { "id": "Heinritzi-M", "name": { "family": "Heinritzi", "given": "Martin" } }, { "id": "Simon-Mario", "name": { "family": "Simon", "given": "Mario" } }, { "id": "Tr\u00f6stl-J", "name": { "family": "Tr\u00f6stl", "given": "Jasmin" } }, { "id": "Wagner-A-C", "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Andrea Christine" } }, { "id": "Wagner-R", "name": { "family": "Wagner", "given": "Robert" } }, { "id": "Williamson-C", "name": { "family": "Williamson", "given": "Christina" } }, { "id": "Yan-Chao", "name": { "family": "Yan", "given": "Chao" } }, { "id": "Connolly-P-J", "name": { "family": "Connolly", "given": "Paul James" } }, { "id": "Dorsey-J-R", "name": { "family": "Dorsey", "given": "James Robert" } }, { "id": "Duplissy-J", "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "Jonathan" } }, { "id": "Ehrhart-S", "name": { "family": "Ehrhart", "given": "Sebastian" } }, { "id": "Frege-C", "name": { "family": "Frege", "given": "Carla" } }, { "id": "Gordon-H", "name": { "family": "Gordon", "given": "Hamish" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1822-3224" }, { "id": "Hoyle-C-R", "name": { "family": "Hoyle", "given": "Christopher Robert" } }, { "id": "Kristensen-T-B", "name": { "family": "Kristensen", "given": "Thomas Bjerring" } }, { "id": "Steiner-G", "name": { "family": "Steiner", "given": "Gerhard" } }, { "id": "McPherson-Donahue-N", "name": { "family": "McPherson Donahue", "given": "Neil" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gallagher-M-W", "name": { "family": "Gallagher", "given": "Martin William" } }, { "id": "Kirkby-J", "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" } }, { "id": "M\u00f6hler-O", "name": { "family": "M\u00f6hler", "given": "Ottmar" } }, { "id": "Saathoff-H", "name": { "family": "Saathoff", "given": "Harald" } }, { "id": "Schnaiter-M", "name": { "family": "Schnaiter", "given": "Martin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9560-8072" }, { "id": "Stratmann-F", "name": { "family": "Stratmann", "given": "Frank" } }, { "id": "Tom\u00e9-A", "name": { "family": "Tom\u00e9", "given": "Ant\u00f3nio" } } ] }, "title": "Phase transition observations and discrimination of small cloud particles by light polarization in expansion chamber experiments", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 18 Sep 2015 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 10 Nov 2015. Revised: 03 Mar 2016 \u2013 Accepted: 03 Mar 2016 \u2013 Published: 17 Mar 2016. \n\nSpecial issue: The CERN CLOUD experiment (ACP/AMT inter-journal SI)\n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We express great appreciation for the CLOUD collaboration and the volunteers for the night shifts. We would also like to thank Darrel Baumgardner for CASPOL data filtering advice and review of the manuscript. T. B. Kristensen gratefully acknowledges funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the CLOUD12 project. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" no. 316662) and Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) grant no. 200 021_140 663. The CAPS instrument used in this work was supplied by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science. The UHSAS was funded by NERC grant NE/B504873/1. \n\nEdited by: V.-M. Kerminen\n\nPublished - 346-Nichman-2016.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-16-3651-2016-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Cloud microphysical processes involving the ice phase in tropospheric clouds are among the major uncertainties in cloud formation, weather, and general circulation models. The detection of aerosol particles, liquid droplets, and ice crystals, especially in the small cloud particle-size range below 50\u202f\u03bcm, remains challenging in mixed phase, often unstable environments. The Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer with Polarization (CASPOL) is an airborne instrument that has the ability to detect such small cloud particles and measure the variability in polarization state of their backscattered light. Here we operate the versatile Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber facility at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) to produce controlled mixed phase and other clouds by adiabatic expansions in an ultraclean environment, and use the CASPOL to discriminate between different aerosols, water, and ice particles. In this paper, optical property measurements of mixed-phase clouds and viscous secondary organic aerosol (SOA) are presented. We report observations of significant liquid\u2013viscous SOA particle polarization transitions under dry conditions using CASPOL. Cluster analysis techniques were subsequently used to classify different types of particles according to their polarization ratios during phase transition. A classification map is presented for water droplets, organic aerosol (e.g., SOA and oxalic acid), crystalline substances such as ammonium sulfate, and volcanic ash. Finally, we discuss the benefits and limitations of this classification approach for atmospherically relevant concentrations and mixtures with respect to the CLOUD 8\u20139 campaigns and its potential contribution to tropical troposphere layer analysis.", "date": "2016-03-17", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "16", "number": "5", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "3651-3664", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160317-102043098", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160317-102043098", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Initial Training Network", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200 021_140 663" }, { "agency": "National Centre for Atmospheric Science" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "grant_number": "NE/B504873/1" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-16-3651-2016", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-16-3651-2016-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rgkjx-w8v30/files/acp-16-3651-2016-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "346-Nichman-2016.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rgkjx-w8v30/files/346-Nichman-2016.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Nichman, Leonid; Fuchs, Claudia; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dnh0v-n1778", "eprint_id": 65326, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 10:31:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:32:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Crosbie-E", "name": { "family": "Crosbie", "given": "Ewan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-8066" }, { "id": "Wang-Zhen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Zhen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7921-3134" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Chuang-Patrick-Y", "name": { "family": "Chuang", "given": "Patrick Y." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2290-8346" }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Brunke-M", "name": { "family": "Brunke", "given": "Michael" } }, { "id": "Zeng-Xubin", "name": { "family": "Zeng", "given": "Xubin" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7352-2764" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Woods-R-K", "name": { "family": "Woods", "given": "Roy K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3632-6374" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Stratocumulus Cloud Clearings and Notable Thermodynamic and Aerosol Contrasts across the Clear\u2013Cloudy Interface", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geographic location/entity, North Pacific Ocean, Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena, Boundary layer, Cloud cover, Physical Meteorology and Climatology, Aerosols, Thermodynamics, Observational techniques and algorithms, Aircraft observations", "note": "\u00a9 2016 American Meteorological Society. \n\nManuscript received 18 May 2015, in final form 26 November 2015. \n\nAll data used can be obtained from the corresponding author. This work was funded by NASA Grant NNX14AM02G and ONR Grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, and N00014-10-1-0811. JSC acknowledges support from Dreyfus Award EP-11-117. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and READY website (http://ready.arl.noaa.gov) used in this publication. Some of the analyses and visualizations used in this study were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC.\n\nPublished - jas-d-15-0137.1.pdf
", "abstract": "Data from three research flights, conducted over water near the California coast, are used to investigate the boundary between stratocumulus cloud decks and clearings of different sizes. Large clearings exhibit a diurnal cycle with growth during the day and contraction overnight and a multiday life cycle that can include oscillations between growth and decay, whereas a small coastal clearing was observed to be locally confined with a subdiurnal lifetime. Subcloud aerosol characteristics are similar on both sides of the clear\u2013cloudy boundary in the three cases, while meteorological properties exhibit subtle, yet important, gradients, implying that dynamics, and not microphysics, is the primary driver for the clearing characteristics. Transects, made at multiple levels across the cloud boundary during one flight, highlight the importance of microscale (~1 km) structure in thermodynamic properties near the cloud edge, suggesting that dynamic forcing at length scales comparable to the convective eddy scale may be influential to the larger-scale characteristics of the clearing. These results have implications for modeling and observational studies of marine boundary layer clouds, especially in relation to aerosol\u2013cloud interactions and scales of variability responsible for the evolution of stratocumulus clearings.", "date": "2016-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences", "volume": "73", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "1083-1099", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160314-082627109", "issn": "0022-4928", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160314-082627109", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NNX14AM02G" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/JAS-D-15-0137.1", "primary_object": { "basename": "jas-d-15-0137.1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dnh0v-n1778/files/jas-d-15-0137.1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Crosbie, Ewan; Wang, Zhen; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8834x-7qn05", "eprint_id": 66518, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 10:28:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:09:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Duplissy-J", "name": { "family": "Duplissy", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Effect of ions on sulfuric acid-water binary particle formation: 2. Experimental data and comparison", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2015 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 17 Apr 2015. Accepted 31 Aug 2015. Accepted article online 4 Sep 2015. Published online 16 Feb 2016. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O.S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S.V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-ITN\" 215072, MC-ITN \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" 316662, ERC-Starting \"MOCAPAF\" grant 57360 and ERC-Advanced \"ATMNUCLE\" grant 227463), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (projects 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (projects 200020 135307 and 206620 141278), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence project 1118615), the Academy of Finland (135054, 133872, 251427, 1133872, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, and 141451), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the Vaisala Foundation, the Kone foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project J3198-N21), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011\u20135120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479, CHE1012293, and AGS1447056), PEGASOS project (funded by the European Commission under the Framework Program 7 (FP7-ENV-2010-265148)), and the Davidow Foundation. We thank the tofTools team for providing tools for mass spectrometry analysis. In keeping with AGU's Data Policy, all process experimental data used in this paper are summarized in Table 2, and raw data used to produce the results of the paper are available from the author upon request (jonathan.duplissy@helsinki.fi).\n\nPublished - Duplissy_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research-_Atmospheres.pdf
", "abstract": "We report comprehensive, demonstrably contaminant-free measurements of binary particle formation rates by sulfuric acid and water for neutral and ion-induced pathways conducted in the European Organization for Nuclear Research Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber. The recently developed Atmospheric Pressure interface-time of flight-mass spectrometer was used to detect contaminants in charged clusters and to identify runs free of any contaminants. Four parameters were varied to cover ambient conditions: sulfuric acid concentration (10^5 to 10^9 \u2009mol\u2009cm^(\u22123)), relative humidity (11% to 58%), temperature (207\u2009K to 299\u2009K), and total ion concentration (0 to 6800\u2009ions\u2009cm^(\u22123)). Formation rates were directly measured with novel instruments at sizes close to the critical cluster size (mobility size of 1.3\u2009nm to 3.2\u2009nm). We compare our results with predictions from Classical Nucleation Theory normalized by Quantum Chemical calculation (QC-normalized CNT), which is described in a companion paper. The formation rates predicted by the QC-normalized CNT were extended from critical cluster sizes to measured sizes using the UHMA2 sectional particle microphysics model. Our results show, for the first time, good agreement between predicted and measured particle formation rates for the binary (neutral and ion-induced) sulfuric acid-water system. Formation rates increase with RH, sulfuric acid, and ion concentrations and decrease with temperature at fixed RH and sulfuric acid concentration. Under atmospheric conditions, neutral particle formation dominates at low temperatures, while ion-induced particle formation dominates at higher temperatures. The good agreement between the theory and our comprehensive data set gives confidence in using the QC-normalized CNT as a powerful tool to study neutral and ion-induced binary particle formation in atmospheric modeling.", "date": "2016-02-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "121", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "1752-1775", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160427-152532390", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160427-152532390", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "141278" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "Vaisala Foundation" }, { "agency": "Kone Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3198-N21" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "European Commission", "grant_number": "FP7-ENV-2010-265148" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2015JD023539", "primary_object": { "basename": "Duplissy_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research-_Atmospheres.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8834x-7qn05/files/Duplissy_et_al-2016-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research-_Atmospheres.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Duplissy, J. and Flagan, R. C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4xy8q-r7q22", "eprint_id": 65666, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 10:18:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 16:23:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hoyle-C-R", "name": { "family": "Hoyle", "given": "C. R." } }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Aqueous phase oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone\n in cloud droplets", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Author(s). \nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\nThis work is distributed\nunder the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 30 October 2015. Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 1 December 2015. Revised: 28 January 2016. Accepted: 29 January 2016. Published: 12 February 2016.\n\nWe thank Martin Schnaiter for his assistance with the SIMONE and PPD-2K data interpretation. The PPD-2K was made available by funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant SCHN 1140/2-1. C. R. Hoyle was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (grant number 200021_140663). T. B. Kristensen gratefully acknowledges funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the CLOUD12 project. J. Craven received funding through the Dreyfus Award EP-11-117. N. M. Donahue received funding through US National Science Foundation Grants AGS-1447056 and AGS-1439551. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" grant no. 316662, and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project no. 01LK1222A and B).\n\nEdited by: V.-M. Kerminen.\n\nPublished - acp-16-1693-2016.pdf
", "abstract": "The growth of aerosol due to the aqueous phase oxidation of sulfur dioxide by ozone was measured in laboratory-generated clouds created in the Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Experiments were performed at 10 and \u221210\u202f\u00b0C, on acidic (sulfuric acid) and on partially to fully neutralised (ammonium sulfate) seed aerosol. Clouds were generated by performing an adiabatic expansion \u2013 pressurising the chamber to 220\u202fhPa above atmospheric pressure, and then rapidly releasing the excess pressure, resulting in a cooling, condensation of water on the aerosol and a cloud lifetime of approximately 6\u202fmin. A model was developed to compare the observed aerosol growth with that predicted using oxidation rate constants previously measured in bulk solutions. The model captured the measured aerosol growth very well for experiments performed at 10 and \u221210\u202f\u00b0C, indicating that, in contrast to some previous studies, the oxidation rates of SO2 in a dispersed aqueous system can be well represented by using accepted rate constants, based on bulk measurements. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first laboratory-based measurements of aqueous phase oxidation in a dispersed, super-cooled population of droplets. The measurements are therefore important in confirming that the extrapolation of currently accepted reaction rate constants to temperatures below 0\u202f\u00b0C is correct.", "date": "2016-02-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "16", "number": "3", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "1693-1712", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160325-080400747", "issn": "1680-7324", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160325-080400747", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft", "grant_number": "SCHN 1140/2-1" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_140663" }, { "agency": "German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Initial Training Network", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "German Federal Ministry of Education and Research", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "German Federal Ministry of Education and Research", "grant_number": "01LK1222B" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-16-1693-2016", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-16-1693-2016.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4xy8q-r7q22/files/acp-16-1693-2016.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Hoyle, C. R.; Craven, J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wfatq-e2j88", "eprint_id": 65682, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 09:56:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 16:30:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kim-J", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Hygroscopicity of nanoparticles produced from homogeneous nucleation in the CLOUD experiments", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 8 June 2015; Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 20 July 2015; Revised: 11 November 2015; Accepted: 17 December 2015; Published: 18 January 2016. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment. We thank the CSC Centre for Scientific Computing in Espoo, Finland, for computer time. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network CLOUD-ITN no. 215072, MC-ITN CLOUD-TRAIN no. 316662, ERC Starting Grant MOCAPAF no. 57360, ERC Consolidator Grant NANODYNAMITE no. 616075, ERC Advanced Grant ATMNUCLE no. 227463, and ERC Starting Grant \"QAPPA\" grant no. 335478); the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos. 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A); the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020 135307, 200021 140663, 206021 144947/1, 20FI20 149002/1, and 200021 140663); the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program (project no. 1118615); the Academy of Finland (135054, 133872, 251427, 1389515, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 2720541, 259005, 264989); the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation; the Nessling Foundation; the Strategic Funding from University of Eastern Finland; the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. P19546 and L59321); the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/ 2010); the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120); the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN); the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479 and CHE1012293); a Davidow Grant to Caltech's Global Environmental Science Program; Dreyfus Award EP-11-117; the French National Research Agency (ANR); the Nord-Pas de Calais; the European Funds for Regional Economic Development (FEDER, Labex-Cappa, ANR-11-LABX-0005-01); and the French Civil Aviation Office (MERMOSE).\n\nPublished - acp-16-293-2016.pdf
", "abstract": "Sulfuric acid, amines and oxidized organics have been found to be important compounds in the nucleation and initial growth of atmospheric particles. Because of the challenges involved in determining the chemical composition of objects with very small mass, however, the properties of the freshly nucleated particles and the detailed pathways of their formation processes are still not clear. In this study, we focus on a challenging size range, i.e., particles that have grown to diameters of 10 and 15 nm following nucleation, and measure their water uptake. Water uptake is useful information for indirectly obtaining chemical composition of aerosol particles. We use a nanometer-hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano-HTDMA) at subsaturated conditions (ca. 90% relative humidity at 293 K) to measure the hygroscopicity of particles during the seventh Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD7) campaign performed at CERN in 2012. In CLOUD7, the hygroscopicity of nucleated nanoparticles was measured in the presence of sulfuric acid, sulfuric acid-dimethylamine, and sulfuric acid-organics derived from \u03b1-pinene oxidation. The hygroscopicity parameter \u03ba decreased with increasing particle size, indicating decreasing acidity of particles. No clear effect of the sulfuric acid concentration on the hygroscopicity of 10 nm particles produced from sulfuric acid and dimethylamine was observed, whereas the hygroscopicity of 15 nm particles sharply decreased with decreasing sulfuric acid concentrations. In particular, when the concentration of sulfuric acid was 5:1 x 10^6 molecules cm^(-3) in the gas phase, and the dimethylamine mixing ratio was 11.8 ppt, the measured \u03ba of 15 nm particles was 0.31 \u00b1 0.01: close to the value reported for dimethylaminium sulfate (DMAS) (\u03ba_(DMAS) ~0:28). Furthermore, the difference in \u03ba between sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid-dimethylamine experiments increased with increasing particle size. The \u03ba values of particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and organics were much smaller than those of particles in the presence of sulfuric acid and dimethylamine. This suggests that the organics produced from \u03b1-pinene ozonolysis play a significant role in particle growth even at 10 nm sizes.", "date": "2016-01-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "16", "number": "1", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "293-304", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160325-114445163", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160325-114445163", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Initial Training Network", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Initial Training Network", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "616075" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "335478" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200021_140663" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206021_14497/1" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "20FI20_149002/1" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1389515" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "2720541" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "259005" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "264989" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes)" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "University of Eastern Finland" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P19546" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L59321" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o do Minist\u00e9rio de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/ 2010" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE1012293" }, { "agency": "Caltech Davidow Fund" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation", "grant_number": "EP-11-117" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)", "grant_number": "ANR-11-LABX-0005-01" }, { "agency": "Nord-Pas de Calais" }, { "agency": "European Regional Development Fund" }, { "agency": "FEDER" }, { "agency": "Labex-Cappa" }, { "agency": "Direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'aviation civile (DGAC)" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-16-293-2016", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-16-293-2016.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wfatq-e2j88/files/acp-16-293-2016.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Kim, J. and Flagan, R. C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v35fm-56n83", "eprint_id": 61971, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 16:52:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:07:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhang-Xuan", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Xuan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7203-2293" }, { "id": "McVay-Renee-C", "name": { "family": "McVay", "given": "Renee C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7766-5009" }, { "id": "Huang-Dan-D", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "Dan D." } }, { "id": "Dalleska-Nathan-F", "name": { "family": "Dalleska", "given": "Nathan F." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2059-1587" }, { "id": "Aumont-Berrnard", "name": { "family": "Aumont", "given": "Bernard" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2781-0877" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Formation and evolution of molecular products in \u03b1-pinene secondary organic aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "secondary organic aerosol; particulate matter; air quality; climate", "note": "\u00a9 2015 National Academy of Sciences. \n\nContributed by John H. Seinfeld, September 30, 2015 (sent for review September 4, 2015; reviewed by Thorsten Hoffmann and Murray V. Johnston). Published online before print November 2, 2015. \n\nWe thank John Crounse and Paul Wennberg for useful discussions. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1523500. \n\nAuthor contributions: X.Z., R.C.F., and J.H.S. designed research; X.Z., D.D.H., and N.F.D. performed research; X.Z., R.C.M., and B.A. analyzed data; and X.Z. and J.H.S. wrote the paper. \n\nReviewers: T.H., Johannes Gutenberg University; and M.V.J., University of Delaware. \n \nThe authors declare no conflict of interest. \n\nThis article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1517742112/-/DCSupplemental.\n\nPublished - PNAS-2015-Zhang-14168-73.pdf
Supplemental Material - pnas.1517742112.sapp.pdf
", "abstract": "Much of our understanding of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from volatile organic compounds derives from laboratory chamber measurements, including mass yield and elemental composition. These measurements alone are insufficient to identify the chemical mechanisms of SOA production. We present here a comprehensive dataset on the molecular identity, abundance, and kinetics of \u03b1-pinene SOA, a canonical system that has received much attention owing to its importance as an organic aerosol source in the pristine atmosphere. Identified organic species account for \u223c58\u201372% of the \u03b1-pinene SOA mass, and are characterized as semivolatile/low-volatility monomers and extremely low volatility dimers, which exhibit comparable oxidation states yet different functionalities. Features of the \u03b1-pinene SOA formation process are revealed for the first time, to our knowledge, from the dynamics of individual particle-phase components. Although monomeric products dominate the overall aerosol mass, rapid production of dimers plays a key role in initiating particle growth. Continuous production of monomers is observed after the parent \u03b1-pinene is consumed, which cannot be explained solely by gas-phase photochemical production. Additionally, distinct responses of monomers and dimers to \u03b1-pinene oxidation by ozone vs. hydroxyl radicals, temperature, and relative humidity are observed. Gas-phase radical combination reactions together with condensed phase rearrangement of labile molecules potentially explain the newly characterized SOA features, thereby opening up further avenues for understanding formation and evolution mechanisms of \u03b1-pinene SOA.", "date": "2015-11-17", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "112", "number": "46", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "14168-14173", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151109-082447673", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151109-082447673", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1523500" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1517742112", "pmcid": "PMC4655512", "primary_object": { "basename": "pnas.1517742112.sapp.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v35fm-56n83/files/pnas.1517742112.sapp.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "PNAS-2015-Zhang-14168-73.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v35fm-56n83/files/PNAS-2015-Zhang-14168-73.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Zhang, Xuan; McVay, Renee C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/33btd-6c986", "eprint_id": 63350, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 16:46:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 23:45:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Asa-Awuku-Akua", "name": { "family": "Asa-Awuku", "given": "Akua" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0354-8368" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" } ] }, "title": "CCN Properties of Organic Aerosol Collected Below and within Marine Stratocumulus Clouds near Monterey, California", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "marine aerosol; organics; stratocumulus clouds; cloud condensation nuclei", "note": "\u00a9 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nReceived: 31 August 2015 / Revised: 5 October 2015 / Accepted: 10 October 2015 / Published: 28 October 2015. \n\n(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Composition Observations) \n\nThe work in this study was supported by an NSF CAREER Award. In addition, we would like to thank Dr. Rodney Weber and his students at the Georgia Institute of Technology for the use of the Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Turbo Siever Analyzer and Dr. Christos Fountoukis for his help in running the ISORROPIA II code. \n\nAuthor Contributions: Akua Asa-Awuku is co-corresponding author and conducted laboratory experiments, collected and analyzed data sets, and played a significant role in the writing of the manuscript. Armin Sorooshian collected samples in the field, aided in analysis and writing. Richard C. Flagan and John H. Seinfeld devised flight experiments. Athanasios Nenes is co-corresponding author and conceived and devised experiments, analysis, and significantly contributed to writing. \n\nThe authors declare no conflict of interest.\n\nPublished - atmosphere-06-01590.pdf
", "abstract": "The composition of aerosol from cloud droplets differs from that below cloud. Its implications for the Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) activity are the focus of this study. Water-soluble organic matter from below cloud, and cloud droplet residuals off the coast of Monterey, California were collected; offline chemical composition, CCN activity and surface tension measurements coupled with K\u00f6hler Theory Analysis are used to infer the molar volume and surfactant characteristics of organics in both samples. Based on the surface tension depression of the samples, it is unlikely that the aerosol contains strong surfactants. The activation kinetics for all samples examined are consistent with rapid (NH4)2SO4 calibration aerosol. This is consistent with our current understanding of droplet kinetics for ambient CCN. However, the carbonaceous material in cloud drop residuals is far more hygroscopic than in sub-cloud aerosol, suggestive of the impact of cloud chemistry on the hygroscopic properties of organic matter.", "date": "2015-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmosphere", "volume": "6", "number": "11", "publisher": "MDPI", "pagerange": "1590-1607", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160104-153602008", "issn": "2073-4433", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160104-153602008", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.3390/atmos6111590", "primary_object": { "basename": "atmosphere-06-01590.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/33btd-6c986/files/atmosphere-06-01590.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Asa-Awuku, Akua; Sorooshian, Armin; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zd12w-30345", "eprint_id": 60375, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 08:34:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 16:29:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mai-Huajun", "name": { "family": "Mai", "given": "Huajun" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0616-1986" }, { "id": "Shiraiwa-Manabu", "name": { "family": "Shiraiwa", "given": "Manabu" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2532-5373" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Under What Conditions Can Equilibrium Gas\u2013Particle Partitioning Be Expected to Hold in the Atmosphere?", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2015 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: May 27, 2015; Revised: August 25, 2015; Accepted: September 4, 2015; Publication Date (Web): September 4, 2015. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation grant AGS-1523500. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interest.", "abstract": "The prevailing treatment of secondary organic aerosol formation in atmospheric models is based on the assumption of instantaneous gas\u2013particle equilibrium for the condensing species, yet compelling experimental evidence indicates that organic aerosols can exhibit the properties of highly viscous, semisolid particles, for which gas\u2013particle equilibrium may be achieved slowly. The approach to gas\u2013particle equilibrium partitioning is controlled by gas-phase diffusion, interfacial transport, and particle-phase diffusion. Here we evaluate the controlling processes and the time scale to achieve gas\u2013particle equilibrium as a function of the volatility of the condensing species, its surface accommodation coefficient, and its particle-phase diffusivity. For particles in the size range of typical atmospheric organic aerosols (\u223c50\u2013500 nm), the time scale to establish gas\u2013particle equilibrium is generally governed either by interfacial accommodation or particle-phase diffusion. The rate of approach to equilibrium varies, depending on whether the bulk vapor concentration is constant, typical of an open system, or decreasing as a result of condensation into the particles, typical of a closed system.", "date": "2015-10-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "49", "number": "19", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "11485-11491", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150921-111503736", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150921-111503736", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1523500" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/acs.est.5b02587", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Mai, Huajun; Shiraiwa, Manabu; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1sh3c-mz769", "eprint_id": 61749, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 08:18:04", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:42:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "K\u00fcrten-A", "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Thermodynamics of the formation of sulfuric acid dimers in the binary (H_2SO_4\u2013H_2O) and ternary (H_2SO_4\u2013H_2O\u2013NH_3) system", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 26 March 2015 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 18 May 2015. Revised: 2 September 2015 \u2013 Accepted: 8 September 2015 \u2013 Published: 25 September 2015. \n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research was funded by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-ITN\", grant no. 215072), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos. 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the European Research Council Advanced Grant \"ATMNUCLE\" (project no. 227463), the Academy of Finland (project nos. 1133872, 1118615, and 272041), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020_135307 and 206620_141278), the US National Science Foundation (grants AGS-1439551 and AGS-1447056), the Austrian Science Fund (project nos. P19546 and L593), and the Davidow foundation. We thank the tofTools team for providing tools for mass spectrometry analysis.\n\nPublished - acp-15-10701-2015.pdf
", "abstract": "Sulfuric acid is an important gas influencing atmospheric new particle formation (NPF). Both the binary (H_2SO_4\u2013H_2O) system and the ternary system involving ammonia (H_2SO_4\u2013H_2O\u2013NH_3) may be important in the free troposphere. An essential step in the nucleation of aerosol particles from gas-phase precursors is the formation of a dimer, so an understanding of the thermodynamics of dimer formation over a wide range of atmospheric conditions is essential to describe NPF. We have used the CLOUD chamber to conduct nucleation experiments for these systems at temperatures from 208 to 248 K. Neutral monomer and dimer concentrations of sulfuric acid were measured using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). From these measurements, dimer evaporation rates in the binary system were derived for temperatures of 208 and 223 K. We compare these results to literature data from a previous study that was conducted at higher temperatures but is in good agreement with the present study. For the ternary system the formation of H_2SO_4\u00b7NH_3 is very likely an essential step in the formation of sulfuric acid dimers, which were measured at 210, 223, and 248 K. We estimate the thermodynamic properties (dH and dS) of the H_2SO_4\u00b7NH_3 cluster using a simple heuristic model and the measured data. Furthermore, we report the first measurements of large neutral sulfuric acid clusters containing as many as 10 sulfuric acid molecules for the binary system using chemical ionization\u2013atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometry.", "date": "2015-09-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "15", "number": "18", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "10701-10721", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151030-143827681", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151030-143827681", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "European Commission Seventh Framework Programme", "grant_number": "CLOUD-ITN 215072" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "ATMNUCLE 227463" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "272041" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_141278" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1439551" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1447056" }, { "agency": "Fonds zur F\u00f6rderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF)", "grant_number": "P19546" }, { "agency": "Fonds zur F\u00f6rderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF)", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-15-10701-2015", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-15-10701-2015.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1sh3c-mz769/files/acp-15-10701-2015.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "K\u00fcrten, A. and Flagan, R. C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ntp8d-nzm35", "eprint_id": 60114, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 17:39:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 14:54:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhang-X", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "X." } }, { "id": "Dalleska-N-F", "name": { "family": "Dalleska", "given": "N. F." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2059-1587" }, { "id": "Huang-D-D", "name": { "family": "Huang", "given": "D. D." } }, { "id": "Bates-K-H", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "K. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7544-9580" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Time-resolved molecular characterization of organic aerosols by PILS + UPLC/ESI-Q-TOFMS", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Particle-into-Liquid Samplers (PILS); Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC); Electrospray ionization (ESI); Quadrupole Time-of-Flight High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (Q-TOFMS); Secondary organic aerosol (SOA); Isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX)", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. \n\nReceived 29 May 2015; Received in revised form 18 August 2015; Accepted 18 August 2015; Available online 28 August 2015. \n\nChemical Characterization of Secondary Organic Aerosol - Dedication to Professor Claeys\n\nThis study was supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-14-1-0097.", "abstract": "Real-time and quantitative measurement of particulate matter chemical composition represents one of the most challenging problems in the field of atmospheric chemistry. In the present study, we integrate the Particle-into-Liquid Sampler (PILS) with Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray ionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight High-Resolution/Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-Q-TOFMS) for the time-resolved molecular speciation of chamber-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The unique aspect of the combination of these two well-proven techniques is to provide quantifiable molecular-level information of particle-phase organic compounds on timescales of minutes. We demonstrate that the application of the PILS + UPLC/ESI-Q-TOFMS method is not limited to water-soluble inorganic ions and organic carbon, but is extended to slightly water-soluble species through collection efficiency calibration together with sensitivity and linearity tests. By correlating the water solubility of individual species with their O:C ratio, a parameter that is available for aerosol ensembles as well, we define an average aerosol O:C ratio threshold of 0.3, above which the PILS overall particulate mass collection efficiency approaches \u223c0.7. The PILS + UPLC/ESI-Q-TOFMS method can be potentially applied to probe the formation and evolution mechanism of a variety of biogenic and anthropogenic SOA systems in laboratory chamber experiments. We illustrate the application of this method to the reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) on hydrated and acidic ammonium sulfate aerosols.", "date": "2015-09-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment", "volume": "130", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "180-189", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150909-091738012", "issn": "1352-2310", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150909-091738012", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-14-1-0097" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.08.049", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Zhang, X.; Dalleska, N. F.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qcwy9-v0x75", "eprint_id": 60062, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 07:54:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 14:51:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kim-Dongwan", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Dongwan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5661-2503" }, { "id": "Popescu-P", "name": { "family": "Popescu", "given": "Paula" } }, { "id": "Harfouche-M", "name": { "family": "Harfouche", "given": "Mark" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4657-4603" }, { "id": "Sendowski-J", "name": { "family": "Sendowski", "given": "Jacob" } }, { "id": "Dimotsantou-M-E", "name": { "family": "Dimotsantou", "given": "Maria-Eleni" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Yariv-A", "name": { "family": "Yariv", "given": "Amnon" } } ] }, "title": "On-chip integrated differential optical microring refractive index sensing platform based on a laminar flow scheme", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Optical Society of America.\n\nReceived 11 June 2015; revised 4 August 2015; accepted 5 August 2015; posted 7 August 2015 (Doc. ID 241769); published 28 August 2015.\n\nFunding: National Science Foundation (NSF) (1152623).", "abstract": "We propose an on-chip integrated differential optical microring refractive index sensing platform which leverages\nlaminar flow conditions. Close spacing between a sensing\nand a reference resonator, and sharing the same microfluidic channel allows the two resonators to experience similar environmental disturbances, such as temperature fluctuations and fluidic-induced transients, achieving reliable and sensitive sensing performance. We obtain a noise floor of 80.0 MHz (0.3 pm) and a bulk refractive index sensitivity of 17.0 THz per refractive index unit (RIU) (64.2 nm/RIU), achieving a limit of detection of 1.4\u00d710^(-5) RIU in a 30 min and an 8\u00b0 C window.", "date": "2015-08-28", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Optics Letters", "volume": "40", "number": "17", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "pagerange": "4106-4109", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150903-154514546", "issn": "0146-9592", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150903-154514546", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "1152623" } ] }, "doi": "10.1364/OL.40.004106", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Kim, Dongwan; Popescu, Paula; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dsgq8-6t712", "eprint_id": 58363, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 06:11:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:17:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hodas-N", "name": { "family": "Hodas", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Zuend-A", "name": { "family": "Zuend", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3101-8521" }, { "id": "Mui-Wilton", "name": { "family": "Mui", "given": "W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3065-1296" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Influence of particle-phase state on the hygroscopic behavior of mixed organic-inorganic aerosols", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2015 Author(s).\nThis work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\n\nReceived: 20 November 2014 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 23 December 2014; Revised: 3 April 2015 \u2013 Accepted: 17 April 2015 \u2013 Published: 5 May 2015.\n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation under award no. 1433246 and the Office for Naval Research under award no. N00014-14-1-0097. W. Mui was supported by an NSF graduate research fellowship (grant no. DGE-1144469) and NSF grant no. CBET-1236909. A. Zuend was supported by a McGill University start-up grant.\n\nPublished - acp-15-5027-2015.pdf
", "abstract": "Recent work has demonstrated that organic and mixed organic\u2013inorganic particles can exhibit multiple phase states depending on their chemical composition and on ambient conditions such as relative humidity (RH). To explore the extent to which water uptake varies with particle-phase behavior, hygroscopic growth factors (HGFs) of nine laboratory-generated, organic and organic\u2013inorganic aerosol systems with physical states ranging from well-mixed liquids to phase-separated particles to viscous liquids or semi-solids were measured with the Differential Aerosol Sizing and Hygroscopicity Spectrometer Probe at RH values ranging from 40 to 90%. Water-uptake measurements were accompanied by HGF and RH-dependent thermodynamic equilibrium calculations using the Aerosol Inorganic-Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficients (AIOMFAC) model. In addition, AIOMFAC-predicted growth curves are compared to several simplified HGF modeling approaches: (1) representing particles as ideal, well-mixed liquids; (2) forcing a single phase but accounting for non-ideal interactions through activity coefficient calculations; and (3) a Zdanovskii\u2013Stokes\u2013Robinson-like calculation in which complete separation of the inorganic and organic components is assumed at all RH values, with water uptake treated separately in each of the individual phases. We observed variability in the characteristics of measured hygroscopic growth curves across aerosol systems with differing phase behaviors, with growth curves approaching smoother, more continuous water uptake with decreasing prevalence of liquid\u2013liquid phase separation and increasing oxygen : carbon ratios of the organic aerosol components. We also observed indirect evidence for the dehydration-induced formation of highly viscous semi-solid phases and for kinetic limitations to the crystallization of ammonium sulfate at low RH for sucrose-containing particles. AIOMFAC-predicted growth curves are generally in good agreement with the HGF measurements. The performances of the simplified modeling approaches, however, differ for particles with differing phase states. This suggests that no single simplified modeling approach can be used to capture the water-uptake behavior for the diversity of particle-phase behavior expected in the atmosphere. Errors in HGFs calculated with the simplified models are of sufficient magnitude to produce substantial errors in estimates of particle optical and radiative properties, particularly for the assumption that water uptake is driven by absorptive equilibrium partitioning with ideal particle-phase mixing.", "date": "2015-05-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "15", "number": "9", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "5027-5045", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150619-084717049", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150619-084717049", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "1433246" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-14-1-0097" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship", "grant_number": "DGE-1144469" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CBET-1236909" }, { "agency": "McGill University" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-15-5027-2015", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-15-5027-2015.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dsgq8-6t712/files/acp-15-5027-2015.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Hodas, N.; Zuend, A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bjckz-t0c06", "eprint_id": 57963, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:53:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:56:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhang-Xuan", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "X." } }, { "id": "Schwantes-R-H", "name": { "family": "Schwantes", "given": "R. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7095-3718" }, { "id": "McVay-R-C", "name": { "family": "McVay", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7766-5009" }, { "id": "Lignell-H", "name": { "family": "Lignell", "given": "H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7049-1659" }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "M. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Vapor wall deposition in Teflon chambers", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License.\nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\n\nReceived: 23 September 2014 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 24 October 2014. Revised: 7 February 2015 \u2013 Accepted: 25 March 2015 \u2013 Published: 23 April 2015.\n\nThis study was supported by NOAA Climate Program Office AC4 program, award # NA13OAR4310058 and State of California Air Resources Board agreement 13-321.\n\nPublished - acp-15-4197-2015.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-15-4197-2015-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Teflon chambers are ubiquitous in studies of atmospheric chemistry. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation can be underestimated, owing to deposition of SOA-forming vapors to the chamber wall. We present here an experimental protocol and a model framework to constrain the vapor\u2013wall interactions in Teflon chambers. We measured the wall deposition rates of 25 oxidized organic compounds generated from the photooxidation of isoprene, toluene, \u03b1-pinene, and dodecane in two chambers that had been extensively used and in two new unused chambers. We found that the extent of prior use of the chamber did not significantly affect the sorption behavior of the Teflon films. Among the 25 compounds studied, the maximum wall deposition rate is exhibited by the most highly oxygenated and least volatile compounds. By optimizing the model output to the observed vapor decay profiles, we identified that the dominant parameter governing the extent of wall deposition of a compound is its wall accommodation coefficient (\u03b1_(wi)), which can be correlated through its volatility with the number of carbons and oxygens in the molecule. By doing so, the wall-induced deposition rate of intermediate/semi-volatile organic vapors can be reasonably predicted based on their molecular constituency. The extent to which vapor wall deposition impacts measured SOA yields depends on the competition between uptake of organic vapors by suspended particles and the chamber wall. The timescale associated with vapor wall deposition can vary from minutes to hours depending on the value of \u03b1_(w,i). For volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds (small \u03b1_(w,i)), gas-particle partitioning will dominate wall deposition for typical particle number concentrations in chamber experiments. For compounds characterized by relatively large \u03b1_(w,i), vapor transport to particles is suppressed by competition with the chamber wall even with perfect particle accommodation.", "date": "2015-04-23", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "15", "number": "8", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "4197-4214", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150603-080918173", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150603-080918173", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "A13OAR4310058" }, { "agency": "California Air Resources Board", "grant_number": "13-321" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-15-4197-2015", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-15-4197-2015-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bjckz-t0c06/files/acp-15-4197-2015-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-15-4197-2015.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bjckz-t0c06/files/acp-15-4197-2015.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Zhang, X.; Schwantes, R. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dcvqx-m3p66", "eprint_id": 57566, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 15:13:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:32:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Prabhakar-G", "name": { "family": "Prabhakar", "given": "Gouri" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Woods-R-K", "name": { "family": "Woods", "given": "Roy K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3632-6374" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "On the presence of giant particles downwind of ships in the marine boundary layer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "giant CCN; shipping; marine boundary layer; stratocumulus; sea salt; aerosol", "note": "\u00a9 2015 American Geophysical Union.\n\nReceived 19 JAN 2015; Accepted 1 MAR 2015; Accepted article online 4 MAR 2015; Published online 24 MAR 2015. \n\nAll data used can be obtained from the corresponding author. This work was funded by ONR grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, N00014-04-1-0118, and N00014-10-1-0811 and NSF grant AGS-1008848. Zhen Wang is acknowledged for her assistance with ship and satellite data. \n\nThe Editor thanks Robert Wood and Darrel Gibson Baumgardner for their assistance in evaluating this paper.\n\nPublished - grl52711.pdf
Supplemental Material - grl52711-sup-0001-Supplementary.pdf
", "abstract": "This study examines large oceangoing ships as a source of giant cloud condensation nuclei (D_p\u2009>\u20092\u2009\u00b5m) due to wake and stack emissions off the California coast. Observed particle number concentrations behind 10 ships exceeded those in \"control\" areas, exhibiting number concentration enhancement ratios (ERs) for minimum threshold diameters of ~2, ~10, and ~20\u2009\u00b5m as high as 2.7, 5.5, and 7.5, respectively. ER decreases with increasing downwind distance and altitude. ER becomes better correlated with ship size variables (gross tonnage, length, and beam) as the minimum size threshold increases from 2 to 20\u2009\u00b5m, whereas ship speed has a less distinct relationship with ER. One case study of a container ship shows that there are higher concentrations of sea-salt tracer species behind it relative to adjacent control areas. These results have implications for cloud properties and precipitation in marine boundary layers exposed to ship traffic.", "date": "2015-03-28", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geophysical Research Letters", "volume": "42", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "2024-2030", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150515-110243412", "issn": "0094-8276", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150515-110243412", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1008848" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2015GL063179", "primary_object": { "basename": "grl52711-sup-0001-Supplementary.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dcvqx-m3p66/files/grl52711-sup-0001-Supplementary.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "grl52711.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dcvqx-m3p66/files/grl52711.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2015", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Prabhakar, Gouri; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wzr6y-9d880", "eprint_id": 53403, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:57:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 14:50:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bianchi-F", "name": { "family": "Bianchi", "given": "Federico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2996-3604" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Insight into Acid\u2212Base Nucleation Experiments by Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Positive, Negative, and Neutral Clusters", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2014 American Chemical Society.\n\nReceived: May 14, 2014; Revised: September 25, 2014; Accepted: October 7, 2014; Published: November 18, 2014.\n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with\nimportant technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O.S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S.V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment and the tofTools team for support in mass spectrometry data analysis. This research has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-ITN\" no. 215072, MC-ITN \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" no. 316662, ERC-Starting \"MOCAPAF\" grant no. 57360 and ERC Advanced \"ATMNUCLE\" grant no. 227463), theGerman Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project nos. 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos. 200020_135307 and 206620_141278), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence project no. 1118615), the Academy of Finland (135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451, 138951), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V.is.l. Foundation, the Nessling\nFoundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project no. J3198-N21), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian, Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1136479 and CHE1012293), the PEGASOS project funded by the European Commission under the Framework Programme 7 (FP7-ENV-2010-265148), and the Davidow Foundation.\n\nSupplemental Material - es502380b_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "We investigated the nucleation of sulfuric acid together with two bases (ammonia and dimethylamine), at the CLOUD chamber at CERN. The chemical composition of positive, negative, and neutral clusters was studied using three\nAtmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight (APi-TOF) mass spectrometers: two were operated in positive and negative mode to detect the chamber ions, while the\nthird was equipped with a nitrate ion chemical ionization source allowing detection of neutral clusters. Taking into account the possible fragmentation that can happen during the charging of the ions or within the first stage of the mass spectrometer, the cluster formation proceeded via essentially one-to-one acid\u2212base addition for all of the clusters, independent of the type of the base. For the positive clusters, the charge is carried by one excess protonated base, while for the negative clusters it is carried by a deprotonated acid; the same is true for the neutral clusters after these have been ionized. During the experiments involving sulfuric acid and dimethylamine, it was possible to study the appearance time for all the clusters (positive, negative, and neutral). It appeared that, after the formation of the clusters containing\nthree molecules of sulfuric acid, the clusters grow at a similar speed, independent of their charge. The growth rate is then probably limited by the arrival rate of sulfuric acid or cluster\u2212cluster collision.", "date": "2014-12-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "48", "number": "23", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "13675-13684", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150108-153409377", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150108-153409377", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "EC Seventh Framework Programme", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "EC Seventh Framework Programme", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "ERC-Starting \"MOCAPAF\" grant", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "ERC Advanced \"ATMNUCLE\" grant", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "German Federal Ministry of Education and Research", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "German Federal Ministry of Education and Research", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation", "grant_number": "206620_141278" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "138951" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V.is.l. Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "Austrian Science Fund", "grant_number": "J3198- N21" }, { "agency": "Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE1012293" }, { "agency": "European Commission under the Framework Programme 7", "grant_number": "FP7-ENV- 2010-265148" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es502380b", "primary_object": { "basename": "es502380b_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wzr6y-9d880/files/es502380b_si_001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Bianchi, Federico and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8pykm-4f506", "eprint_id": 50395, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 13:59:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:25:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "K\u00fcrten-A", "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric acid\u2013dimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosol particles; atmospheric nucleation; atmospheric chemistry; mass spectrometry", "note": "\u00a9 2014 National Academy of Sciences. Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. \n\nEdited by Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts, University of California, Irvine, CA, and approved September 8, 2014 (received for review March 21, 2014).\n\nWe thank the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. We also thank P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, J. Dumollard, K. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Laassiri, O. S. Maksumov, B. Marichy, H. Martinati, S. V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for their important contributions to the experiment and P. H. McMurry for helpful discussion. We thank the tofTools team for providing tools for mass spectrometry analysis. This research has received\nfunding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-ITN\" 215072, MC-ITN \"CLOUD-TRAIN\" 316662, European Research Council (ERC)-Starting \"MOCAPAF\" Grant 57360, and ERC-Advanced \"ATMNUCLE\" Grant 227463). This research has also received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Projects 01LK0902A and\n01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (Projects 200020 135307 and 206620 141278), the Academy of Finland (135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217, 141451 and Center of Excellence Project 1118615), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian\nScience Fund (Project J3198-N21), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Project CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5\u030adet (Grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Grants\n08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), the US National Science Foundation (Grants AGS1136479 and CHE1012293), Pan-European Gas-Aerosols-Climate Interaction Study project [funded by the European Commission under the Framework Program 7 (FP7-ENV-2010-265148)], and the Davidow\nFoundation.\n\nPublished - 15019.full.pdf
Supplemental Material - pnas.201404853SI.pdf
", "abstract": "For atmospheric sulfuric acid (SA) concentrations the presence of dimethylamine (DMA) at mixing ratios of several parts per trillion by volume can explain observed boundary layer new particle formation rates. However, the concentration and molecular composition of the neutral (uncharged) clusters have not been reported so far due to the lack of suitable instrumentation. Here we report on experiments from the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research revealing the formation of neutral particles containing up to 14 SA and 16 DMA molecules, corresponding to a mobility diameter of about 2 nm, under atmospherically relevant conditions. These measurements bridge the gap between the molecular and particle perspectives of nucleation, revealing the fundamental processes involved in particle formation and growth. The neutral clusters are found to form at or close to the kinetic limit where particle formation is limited only by the collision rate of SA molecules. Even though the neutral particles are stable against evaporation from the SA dimer onward, the formation rates of particles at 1.7-nm size, which contain about 10 SA molecules, are up to 4 orders of magnitude smaller compared with those of the dimer due to coagulation and wall loss of particles before they reach 1.7 nm in diameter. This demonstrates that neither the atmospheric particle formation rate nor its dependence on SA can simply be interpreted in terms of cluster evaporation or the molecular composition of a critical nucleus.", "date": "2014-10-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "111", "number": "42", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "15019-15024", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141015-092611684", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141015-092611684", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Bundesministeriums f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620 141278" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "J3198-N21" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE1012293" }, { "agency": "Pan-European Gas-Aerosols-Climate Interaction Study project", "grant_number": "FP7-ENV-2010-265148" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1404853111", "pmcid": "PMC4210346", "primary_object": { "basename": "15019.full.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8pykm-4f506/files/15019.full.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "pnas.201404853SI.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8pykm-4f506/files/pnas.201404853SI.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "K\u00fcrten, Andreas; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420", "eprint_id": 47547, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:57:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 20:41:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Coggon-Matthew-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "M. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Wang-Z", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Z." } }, { "id": "Craven-Jill-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Metcalf-Andrew-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalf", "given": "A. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Lin-Jack-J", "name": { "family": "Lin", "given": "J. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4453-1263" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Observations of continental biogenic impacts on marine aerosol and clouds off the coast of California", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "biogenic aerosol; marine stratocumulus; cloud condensation nuclei", "note": "\u00a9 2014 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 21 November 2013; Accepted 16 May 2014; Accepted article online 21 May 2014; Published online 11 June 2014. \n\nThis work was funded by ONR grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-14-1-0097, and N00014-10-1-0811, and NSF grants\nAGS-1008848 and AGS-1013381. A.N. acknowledges support from an NSF CAREER award. J.J.L. acknowledges support from a Georgia Tech President's fellowship and a NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program Fellowship. Conclusions\ndrawn here reflect those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Office of Naval Research or the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge\nDean Hegg for providing the cloud water collector and Joseph\nEnsberg for helpful discussion. Please contact corresponding author for data requests. AMS mass spectra\nwill be uploaded to the spectral database (http://cires.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/AMSsd/).\n\nPublished - jgrd51453.pdf
Supplemental Material - CloudMovie_RF10.m4v
Supplemental Material - ReadMeFileCoggon.pdf
Supplemental Material - SI_BelowCloudBackTrajectories.pdf
Supplemental Material - SI_ExternalData.pdf
Supplemental Material - SI_FPEAKCorrelations.pdf
Supplemental Material - SI_FPEAKUncertainty.pdf
Supplemental Material - SI_Factor1And2Comparisons.pdf
Supplemental Material - SI_FactorSolnSpace.pdf
Supplemental Material - SI_PMFDiagnostics.pdf
Supplemental Material - SI_ScaledResiduals.pdf
Supplemental Material - SI_TrianglePlot.pdf
Supplemental Material - SupplementalInformation_Coggon_2013_JGR_Draft3.pdf
Supplemental Material - SupplementalInformation_Coggon_2013_JGR_Draft3.tex
", "abstract": "During the 2011 Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE) and 2013 Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE) field campaigns, a predominantly organic aerosol (> 85% by mass) was observed in the free troposphere over marine stratocumulus off the coast of California. These particles originated from a densely forested region in the Northwestern United States. The organic mass spectrum resolved by positive matrix factorization is consistent with the mass spectra of previously measured biogenic organic aerosol. Particulate organic mass exhibits a latitudinal gradient that corresponds to the geographical distribution of vegetation density and composition, with the highest concentration over regions impacted by densely populated monoterpene sources. Due to meteorological conditions during summer months, cloud-clearing events transport aerosol from the Northwestern United States into the free troposphere above marine stratocumulus. Based on the variation of meteorological variables with altitude, dry air containing enhanced biogenic organic aerosol is shown to entrain into the marine boundary layer. Fresh impacts on cloud water composition are observed north of San Francisco, CA which is consistent with fresh continental impacts on the marine atmosphere at higher latitudes. Continental aerosol size distributions are bimodal. Particles in the 100\u2009nm mode are impacted by biogenic sources, while particles in the \u223c 30\u2009nm mode may originate from fresh biogenic emissions. Continental aerosol in the 100\u2009nm mode is cloud condensation nuclei active and may play a role in modulating marine stratocumulus microphysics.", "date": "2014-06-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "119", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "6724-6748", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140729-082417829", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140729-082417829", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-14-1-0097" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1008848" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/2013JD021228", "primary_object": { "basename": "SupplementalInformation_Coggon_2013_JGR_Draft3.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SupplementalInformation_Coggon_2013_JGR_Draft3.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "CloudMovie_RF10.m4v", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/CloudMovie_RF10.m4v" }, { "basename": "SI_FactorSolnSpace.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SI_FactorSolnSpace.pdf" }, { "basename": "SI_ScaledResiduals.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SI_ScaledResiduals.pdf" }, { "basename": "SupplementalInformation_Coggon_2013_JGR_Draft3.tex", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SupplementalInformation_Coggon_2013_JGR_Draft3.tex" }, { "basename": "SI_FPEAKUncertainty.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SI_FPEAKUncertainty.pdf" }, { "basename": "SI_Factor1And2Comparisons.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SI_Factor1And2Comparisons.pdf" }, { "basename": "SI_TrianglePlot.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SI_TrianglePlot.pdf" }, { "basename": "ReadMeFileCoggon.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/ReadMeFileCoggon.pdf" }, { "basename": "SI_BelowCloudBackTrajectories.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SI_BelowCloudBackTrajectories.pdf" }, { "basename": "SI_ExternalData.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SI_ExternalData.pdf" }, { "basename": "SI_FPEAKCorrelations.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SI_FPEAKCorrelations.pdf" }, { "basename": "SI_PMFDiagnostics.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/SI_PMFDiagnostics.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd51453.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mmg7c-gv420/files/jgrd51453.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Coggon, M. M.; Sorooshian, A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q7z3w-1eg60", "eprint_id": 44618, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:05:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 14:49:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Continuous-Flow Differential Mobility Analysis of Nanoparticles and Biomolecules", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "aerosol, ion mobility spectrometry, separations, nanotechnology", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Annual Reviews.\nReview in Advance first posted online on March 20, 2014. \nThis research was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant CBET-1236909.", "abstract": "The differential mobility analyzer (DMA) is a powerful instrument that continuously\nseparates aerosol particles according to their migration velocities\nin an electric field with high resolution. Because of the low fields employed,\nthe mobility can be related to particle size or ion cross section. Combined\nwith a sensitive detector, such as a continuous-flow condensation particle\ncounter, the DMA enables differential size distribution measurements to be\nmade within minutes to seconds. Over the past few decades, these capabilities\nhave made the DMA a central tool for aerosol characterization in the 10\u2013\n1,000-nm size range. DMAs have been adapted recently for measurement\nof particles as small as 1 nm and are now contributing to our understanding\nof nucleation, nanotechnology, and gas ions. Moreover, the opposed migration\nclassifier, a new approach to differential mobility analysis, expands the\ndynamic range and shows promise both for increasing resolution beyond\npresent levels and for changing the way that instruments are built. Thus, the\nDMA continues to advance methods and capabilities for physical characterization\nat transition from molecules to clusters to particles.", "date": "2014-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering", "volume": "5", "publisher": "Annual Reviews", "pagerange": "255-279", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140403-083109343", "issn": "1947-5438", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140403-083109343", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CBET-1236909" } ] }, "doi": "10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061312-103316", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q24sg-ttd73", "eprint_id": 46118, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:58:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 18:42:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Riccobono-F", "name": { "family": "Riccobono", "given": "Francesco" } }, { "id": "Downard-A-J", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "Andrew" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Oxidation Products of Biogenic Emissions Contribute to Nucleation of Atmospheric Particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2014 American Association for the Advancement of Science.\n\nReceived for publication 22 July 2013. \nAccepted for publication 21 April 2014. \n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD\nwith important technical and financial resources and providing\na particle beam from the CERN PS; J.-L. Agostini, P. Carrie,\nL.-P. De Menezes, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, O. S. Maksumov,\nS.V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem, and M. Wilhelmsson for\ntheir important contributions to the experiment; and C. Kuang\nand V.-M. Kerminen for providing the observational data\nsets used in Fig. 1A and the authors that contributed to\nthem. This research was funded by the European Commission\nSeventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training\nNetwork \"CLOUD-ITN,\" grant no. 215072), the European\nResearch Council Advanced Grant \"ATMNUCLE\" (no. 227463),\nthe Academy of Finland via the Centre of Excellence\nprogram (project no. 1118615) and grant no. 1133872, the\nGerman Federal Ministry of Education and Research (project\nno. 01LK0902A), the Swiss National Science Foundation\n(project no. 206621_125025 and 206620_130527), the\nAustrian Science Fund (project no. P19546 and L593), the\nPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no.\nCERN/FP/116387/2010), the Russian Foundation for Basic\nResearch (grant N08-02-91006-CERN), the Davidow Foundation,\nthe Royal Society Wolfson Award, and the NSF (grants\nAGS1136479 and CHE1012293). The data reported\nin this paper are available online as .txt files in the\nsupplementary materials).", "abstract": "Atmospheric new-particle formation affects climate and is one of the least understood atmospheric aerosol processes. The complexity and variability of the atmosphere has hindered elucidation of the fundamental mechanism of new-particle formation from gaseous precursors. We show, in experiments performed with the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN, that sulfuric acid and oxidized organic vapors at atmospheric concentrations reproduce particle nucleation rates observed in the lower atmosphere. The experiments reveal a nucleation mechanism involving the formation of clusters containing sulfuric acid and oxidized organic molecules from the very first step. Inclusion of this mechanism in a global aerosol model yields a photochemically and biologically driven seasonal cycle of particle concentrations in the continental boundary layer, in good agreement with observations.", "date": "2014-05-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "344", "number": "6185", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "717-721", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140606-095223059", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140606-095223059", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1133872" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206621_125025" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_130527" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P19546" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "N08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.1243527", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Riccobono, Francesco; Downard, Andrew; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f87qe-bng25", "eprint_id": 45958, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:27:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 18:34:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Nguyen-Tran-B", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "T. B." } }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "M. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Bates-K-H", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "K. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7544-9580" }, { "id": "Zhang-Xuan", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "X." } }, { "id": "Schwantes-R-H", "name": { "family": "Schwantes", "given": "R. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7095-3718" }, { "id": "Schilling-K-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "K. A." } }, { "id": "Loza-C-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "C. L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "P. O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Organic aerosol formation from the reactive uptake of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) onto non-acidified inorganic seeds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Author(s). This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.\n\nReceived: 10 October 2013; Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 28 October 2013; Revised: 8 February 2014; Accepted: 18 February 2014; Published: 8 April 2014.\n\nThis research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) grants AGS-1057183 and AGS-1240604. TBN acknowledges funding from the NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship program, award AGS-1331360, and from the Foster and Coco Stanback Postdoctoral Fellowship. We are grateful for research support provided by the Brian Stoltz Group\nat Caltech for the syntheses of the \u03b2-IEPOX isomers, with special acknowledgement to Dr. Nathan Bennett. We thank Dr. Nathan Dalleska, director of the Caltech Environmental Analysis Center (EAC), for his assistance with the UPLC/ESI-ToFMS analyses.\n\nPublished - acp-14-3497-2014.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-14-3497-2014-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "The reactive partitioning of cis and trans \u03b2-IEPOX was investigated on hydrated inorganic seed particles, without the addition of acids. No organic aerosol (OA) formation was observed on dry ammonium sulfate (AS); however, prompt and efficient OA growth was observed for the cis and trans \u03b2-IEPOX on AS seeds at liquid water contents of 40\u201375% of the total particle mass. OA formation from IEPOX is a kinetically limited process, thus the OA growth continues if there is a reservoir of gas-phase IEPOX. There appears to be no differences, within error, in the OA growth or composition attributable to the cis / trans isomeric structures. Reactive uptake of IEPOX onto hydrated AS seeds with added base (NaOH) also produced high OA loadings, suggesting the pH dependence for OA formation from IEPOX is weak for AS particles. No OA formation, after particle drying, was observed on seed particles where Na^+ was substituted for NH^(+)_(4). The Henry's Law partitioning of IEPOX was measured on NaCl particles (ionic strength ~9 M) to be 3 \u00d7 10^7 M atm^\u22121 (\u221250 / +100%). A small quantity of OA was produced when NH4+ was present in the particles, but the chloride (Cl-) anion was substituted for sulfate (SO^(2-)_(4)), possibly suggesting differences in nucleophilic strength of the anions. Online time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry and offline filter analysis provide evidence of oxygenated hydrocarbons, organosulfates, and amines in the particle organic composition. The results are consistent with weak correlations between IEPOX-derived OA and particle acidity or liquid water observed in field studies, as the chemical system is nucleophile-limited and not limited in water or catalyst activity.", "date": "2014-04-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "14", "number": "7", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "3497-3510", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140529-084758310", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140529-084758310", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1057183" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS- 1240604" }, { "agency": "NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship", "grant_number": "AGS-1331360" }, { "agency": "Foster and Coco Stanback Postdoctoral Fellowship" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-14-3497-2014", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-14-3497-2014-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f87qe-bng25/files/acp-14-3497-2014-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-14-3497-2014.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f87qe-bng25/files/acp-14-3497-2014.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Nguyen, T. B.; Coggon, M. M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fdvp8-xnk08", "eprint_id": 45679, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:02:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 18:09:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhang-R", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Duhl-T", "name": { "family": "Duhl", "given": "T." } }, { "id": "Salam-M-T", "name": { "family": "Salam", "given": "M. T." } }, { "id": "House-J-M", "name": { "family": "House", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Avol-E-L", "name": { "family": "Avol", "given": "E. L." } }, { "id": "Gilliland-F-D", "name": { "family": "Gilliland", "given": "F. D." } }, { "id": "Guenther-A", "name": { "family": "Guenther", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Chung-S-H", "name": { "family": "Chung", "given": "S. H." } }, { "id": "Lamb-B-K", "name": { "family": "Lamb", "given": "B. K." } }, { "id": "VanReken-T-M", "name": { "family": "VanReken", "given": "T. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" } ] }, "title": "Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2014 The Author(S). Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 31 January 2013; Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 1 March 2013 Revised: 16 September 2013; Accepted: 5 February 2014; Published: 19 March 2014.\n\nThe authors would like to acknowledge funding for this project via US EPA grant R8343580. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency\nthrough EPA STAR grant R834358, it has not been subjected to\nthe Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors also would like to thank Jeremy Avise of the California Air Resource Board for providing the meteorological observation data used for model evaluation.\n\nPublished - bg-11-1461-2014.pdf
", "abstract": "Exposure to bioaerosol allergens such as pollen can cause exacerbations of allergenic airway disease (AAD) in sensitive populations, and thus cause serious public health problems. Assessing these health impacts by linking the airborne pollen levels, concentrations of respirable allergenic material, and human allergenic response under current and future climate conditions is a key step toward developing preventive and adaptive actions. To that end, a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework was developed that treats allergenic pollens as non-reactive tracers within the coupled Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF/CMAQ) modeling system. The Simulator of the Timing and Magnitude of Pollen Season (STaMPS) model was used to generate a daily pollen pool that can then be emitted into the atmosphere by wind. The STaMPS is driven by species-specific meteorological (temperature and/or precipitation) threshold conditions and is designed to be flexible with respect to its representation of vegetation species and plant functional types (PFTs). The hourly pollen emission flux was parameterized by considering the pollen pool, friction velocity, and wind threshold values. The dry deposition velocity of each species of pollen was estimated based on pollen grain size and density. An evaluation of the pollen modeling framework was conducted for southern California (USA) for the period from March to June 2010. This period coincided with observations by the University of Southern California's Children's Health Study (CHS), which included O3, PM2.5, and pollen count, as well as measurements of exhaled nitric oxide in study participants. Two nesting domains with horizontal resolutions of 12 and 4 km were constructed, and six representative allergenic pollen genera were included: birch tree, walnut tree, mulberry tree, olive tree, oak tree, and brome grasses. Under the current parameterization scheme, the modeling framework tends to underestimate walnut and peak oak pollen concentrations, and tends to overestimate grass pollen concentrations. The model shows reasonable agreement with observed birch, olive, and mulberry tree pollen concentrations. Sensitivity studies suggest that the estimation of the pollen pool is a major source of uncertainty for simulated pollen concentrations. Achieving agreement between emission modeling and observed pattern of pollen releases is the key for successful pollen concentration simulations.", "date": "2014-03-19", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Biogeosciences", "volume": "11", "number": "6", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "1461-1478", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140512-105529114", "issn": "1726-4170", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140512-105529114", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R8343580" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R834358" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/bg-11-1461-2014", "pmcid": "PMC4021721", "primary_object": { "basename": "bg-11-1461-2014.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fdvp8-xnk08/files/bg-11-1461-2014.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Zhang, R.; Duhl, T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v5bhs-13766", "eprint_id": 44711, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:31:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 14:53:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhang-Xuan", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "X." } }, { "id": "Schwantes-R-H", "name": { "family": "Schwantes", "given": "R. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7095-3718" }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "M. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Loza-C-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "C. L." } }, { "id": "Schilling-K-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "K. A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Role of ozone in SOA formation from alkane photooxidation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Author(s). \nThis work is distributed\nunder the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.\n\nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 15 August 2013. Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 24 September 2013. Revised: 2 January 2014. Accepted: 9 January 2014. Published: 14 February 2014. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation grant AGS-1057183. Edited by: A. Laskin.\n\nPublished - acp-14-1733-2014.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-14-1733-2014-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Long-chain alkanes, which can be categorized as intermediate volatility organic compounds, are an important source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Mechanisms for the gas-phase OH-initiated oxidation of long-chain alkanes have been well documented; particle-phase chemistry, however, has received less attention. The \u03b4-hydroxycarbonyl, which is generated from the isomerization of alkoxy radicals, can undergo heterogeneous cyclization and dehydration to form substituted dihydrofuran. Due to the presence of C=C bonds, the substituted dihydrofuran is predicted to be highly reactive with OH, and even more so with O_3 and NO_3, thereby opening a reaction pathway that is not usually accessible to alkanes. This work focuses on the role of substituted dihydrofuran formation and its subsequent reaction with OH, and more importantly ozone, in SOA formation from the photooxidation of long-chain alkanes. Experiments were carried out in the Caltech Environmental Chamber using dodecane as a representative alkane to investigate the difference in aerosol composition generated from \"OH-oxidation-dominating\" vs. \"ozonolysis-dominating\" environments. A detailed mechanism incorporating the specific gas-phase photochemistry, together with the heterogeneous formation of substituted dihydrofuran and its subsequent gas-phase OH/O_3 oxidation, is used to evaluate the importance of this reaction channel in dodecane SOA formation. We conclude that (1) the formation of \u03b4-hydroxycarbonyl and its subsequent heterogeneous conversion to substituted dihydrofuran is significant in the presence of NO_x; (2) the ozonolysis of substituted dihydrofuran dominates over the OH-initiated oxidation under conditions prevalent in urban and rural air; and (3) a spectrum of highly oxygenated products with carboxylic acid, ester, and ether functional groups are produced from the substituted dihydrofuran chemistry, thereby affecting the average oxidation state of the SOA.", "date": "2014-02-14", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "14", "number": "3", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "1733-1753", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140407-135255247", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140407-135255247", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1057183" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-14-1733-2014", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-14-1733-2014-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v5bhs-13766/files/acp-14-1733-2014-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-14-1733-2014.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v5bhs-13766/files/acp-14-1733-2014.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Zhang, X.; Schwantes, R. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s1mc2-t0r44", "eprint_id": 44691, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:29:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 14:52:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Loza-C-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "C. L." } }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Yee-Lindsay-D", "name": { "family": "Yee", "given": "L. D." } }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "M. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Schwantes-R-H", "name": { "family": "Schwantes", "given": "R. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7095-3718" }, { "id": "Shiraiwa-Manabu", "name": { "family": "Shiraiwa", "given": "M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2532-5373" }, { "id": "Zhang-Xuan", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "X." } }, { "id": "Schilling-K-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "K. A." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Canagaratna-M-R", "name": { "family": "Canagaratna", "given": "M. R." } }, { "id": "Ziemann-P-J", "name": { "family": "Ziemann", "given": "P. J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary organic aerosol yields of 12-carbon alkanes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Author(s). This work is distributed\nunder the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\n\nReceived: 29 June 2013; Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 7 August 2013; Revised: 13 December 2013; Accepted: 23 December 2013; Published: 7 February 2014.\n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department\nof Energy grant DE-SC 0006626 and National Science Foundation grants AGS-1057183 and ATM-0650061. We thank M. Chan for experimental assistance and A. Matsunaga for information regarding Tenax tube preparation and sampling procedures. C. Loza, L. Yee, and J. Craven were supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships. Manabu Shiraiwa was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Fellowship for Research Abroad. Edited by: J. B. Burkholder\n\nPublished - acp-14-1423-2014.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-14-1423-2014-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields were measured for cyclododecane, hexylcyclohexane, n-dodecane, and 2-methylundecane under high-NOx conditions, in which alkyl proxy radicals (RO_2) react primarily with NO, and under low-NO_x conditions, in which RO2 reacts primarily with HO2. Experiments were run until 95\u2013100% of the initial alkane had reacted. Particle wall loss was evaluated as two limiting cases using a new approach that requires only suspended particle number-size distribution data and accounts for size-dependent particle wall losses and condensation. SOA yield differed by a factor of 2 between the two limiting cases, but the same trends among alkane precursors were observed for both limiting cases. Vapor-phase wall losses were addressed through a modeling study and increased SOA yield uncertainty by approximately 30%. SOA yields were highest from cyclododecane under both NOx conditions. SOA yields ranged from 3.3% (dodecane, low-NO_x conditions) to 160% (cyclododecane, high-NO_x conditions). Under high-NO_x conditions, SOA yields increased from 2-methylundecane < dodecane ~ hexylcyclohexane < cyclododecane, consistent with previous studies. Under low-NO_x conditions, SOA yields increased from 2-methylundecane ~ dodecane < hexylcyclohexane < cyclododecane. The presence of cyclization in the parent alkane structure increased SOA yields, whereas the presence of branch points decreased SOA yields due to increased vapor-phase fragmentation. Vapor-phase fragmentation was found to be more prevalent under high-NO_x conditions than under low-NO_x conditions. For different initial mixing ratios of the same alkane and same NO_x conditions, SOA yield did not correlate with SOA mass throughout SOA growth, suggesting kinetically limited SOA growth for these systems.", "date": "2014-02-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "14", "number": "3", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "1423-1439", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140407-104929017", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140407-104929017", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC 0006626" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1057183" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0650061" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" }, { "agency": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-14-1423-2014", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-14-1423-2014.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s1mc2-t0r44/files/acp-14-1423-2014.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-14-1423-2014-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s1mc2-t0r44/files/acp-14-1423-2014-supplement.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Loza, C. L.; Craven, J. S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1wf8g-xca49", "eprint_id": 43279, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:16:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 23:25:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yee-Lindsay-D", "name": { "family": "Yee", "given": "L. D." } }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Loza-C-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "C. L." } }, { "id": "Schilling-K-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "K. A." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Canagaratna-M-R", "name": { "family": "Canagaratna", "given": "M. R." } }, { "id": "Ziemann-P-J", "name": { "family": "Ziemann", "given": "P. J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Effect of chemical structure on secondary organic aerosol formation from C_(12) alkanes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 Author(s). \n\nThis work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\n\nReceived: 5 April 2013. Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 24 April 2013. Revised: 17 September 2013. Accepted: 11 October 2013. Published: 15 November 2013. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of\nScience (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department of Energy Grant (DE-SC 0006626), and National Science Foundation Grants AGS-1057183 and ATM-0650061. The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with John D. Crounse and Jason M. St. Clair regarding treatment of CIMS data and gas-phase data, as well as experimental assistance and discussions with Reddy L. N. Yatavelli and ManNin Chan. L. D. Yee, J. S. Craven, and C. L. Loza were supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships.\nEdited by: J. Liggio\n\nPublished - acp-13-11121-2013.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-13-11121-2013-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from four C_(12) alkanes (n-dodecane, 2-methylundecane, hexylcyclohexane, and cyclododecane) is studied in the Caltech Environmental Chamber under low-NO_x conditions, in which the principal fate of the peroxy radical formed in the initial OH reaction is reaction with HO_2. Simultaneous gas- and particle-phase measurements elucidate the effect of alkane structure on the chemical mechanisms underlying SOA growth. Reaction of branched structures leads to fragmentation and more volatile products, while cyclic structures are subject to faster oxidation and lead to less volatile products. Product identifications reveal that particle-phase reactions involving peroxyhemiacetal formation from several multifunctional hydroperoxide species are key components of initial SOA growth in all four systems. The continued chemical evolution of the particle-phase is structure-dependent, with 2-methylundecane SOA formation exhibiting the least extent of chemical processing and cyclododecane SOA achieving sustained growth with the greatest variety of chemical pathways. The extent of chemical development is not necessarily reflected in the oxygen to carbon (O : C) ratio of the aerosol as cyclododecane achieves the lowest O : C, just above 0.2, by the end of the experiment and hexylcyclohexane the highest, approaching 0.35.", "date": "2013-11-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "13", "number": "21", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "11121-11140", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140109-074510558", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140109-074510558", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC 0006626" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1057183" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0650061" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-13-11121-2013", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-13-11121-2013-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1wf8g-xca49/files/acp-13-11121-2013-supplement.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-13-11121-2013.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1wf8g-xca49/files/acp-13-11121-2013.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Yee, L. D.; Craven, J. S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w39np-afs06", "eprint_id": 42686, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-09-15 04:35:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 21:07:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schobesberger-S", "name": { "family": "Schobesberger", "given": "Siegfried" } }, { "id": "Downard-A-J", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Junninen-H", "name": { "family": "Junninen", "given": "Heikki" } }, { "id": "Bianchi-F", "name": { "family": "Bianchi", "given": "Federico" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2996-3604" }, { "id": "L\u00f6nn-G", "name": { "family": "L\u00f6nn", "given": "Gustaf" } } ] }, "title": "Molecular understanding of atmospheric particle\n formation from sulfuric acid and large oxidized\n organic molecules", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosol particles; atmospheric nucleation; atmospheric chemistry; mass spectrometry", "note": "\u00a9 2013 National Academy of Sciences. \n\nApproved September 5, 2013 (received for review April 12, 2013).\nPublished online before print October 7, 2013.\n\nThe European Organization for Nuclear Research\n(CERN)'s support of CLOUD with important technical and financial resources\nand provision of a particle beam from the Proton Synchrotron is gratefully\nacknowledged. This research was funded by the European\nCommission 7th Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network\n\"CLOUD-ITN,\" Grant 215072), the European Research Council (ERC)\nAdvanced Grant Atmospheric nucleation: from molecular to global scale\n(ATMNUCLE) (Grant 227463), the ERC Starting Grant \"Role of Molecular\nClusters in Atmospheric Particle Formation (MOCAPAF)\" (Grant 257360),\nthe Academy of Finland via the Centre of Excellence Programme (Project\n1118615) and Grant 1133872, the German Federal Ministry of Education\nand Research (Project 01LK0902A), the Swiss National Science Foundation\n(Projects 206621_125025 and 206620_130527), the Austrian Science Fund\n(Projects P19546 and L593), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and\nTechnology (Project CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Russian Foundation for\nBasic Research (Grant N08-02-91006-CERN), the Davidow Foundation, the\nRoyal Society Wolfson Research Award, and the US National Science Foundation\n(Grants AGS1136479 and CHE1012293).\n\nPublished - PNAS-2013-Schobesberger-17223-8.pdf
Supplemental Material - pnas.201306973SI.pdf
", "abstract": "Atmospheric aerosols formed by nucleation of vapors affect radiative forcing and therefore climate. However, the underlying mechanisms of nucleation remain unclear, particularly the involvement of organic compounds. Here, we present high-resolution mass spectra of ion clusters observed during new particle formation experiments performed at the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research. The experiments involved sulfuric acid vapor and different stabilizing species, including ammonia and dimethylamine, as well as oxidation products of pinanediol, a surrogate for organic vapors formed from monoterpenes. A striking resemblance is revealed between the mass spectra from the chamber experiments with oxidized organics and ambient data obtained during new particle formation events at the Hyyti\u00e4l\u00e4 boreal forest research station. We observe that large oxidized organic compounds, arising from the oxidation of monoterpenes, cluster directly with single sulfuric acid molecules and then form growing clusters of one to three sulfuric acid molecules plus one to four oxidized organics. Most of these organic compounds retain 10 carbon atoms, and some of them are remarkably highly oxidized (oxygen-to-carbon ratios up to 1.2). The average degree of oxygenation of the organic compounds decreases while the clusters are growing. Our measurements therefore connect oxidized organics directly, and in detail, with the very first steps of new particle formation and their growth between 1 and 2 nm in a controlled environment. Thus, they confirm that oxidized organics are involved in both the formation and growth of particles under ambient conditions.", "date": "2013-10-22", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "110", "number": "43", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "17223-17228", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131125-131044563", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131125-131044563", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "257360" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1133872" }, { "agency": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206621_125025" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_130527" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P19546" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "N08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Davidow Foundation" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1306973110", "pmcid": "PMC3808659", "primary_object": { "basename": "PNAS-2013-Schobesberger-17223-8.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w39np-afs06/files/PNAS-2013-Schobesberger-17223-8.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "pnas.201306973SI.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w39np-afs06/files/pnas.201306973SI.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Schobesberger, Siegfried; Downard, Andrew J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8tf9h-00283", "eprint_id": 42500, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:56:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:43:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Almeida-Jo\u00e3o", "name": { "family": "Almeida", "given": "Jo\u00e3o" } }, { "id": "Downard-Andrew-J", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid\u2013amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atmospheric chemistry", "note": "\u00a9 2013 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.\n\nReceived 4 March; accepted 17 September 2013; Published online 6 October 2013.\n\nWe thank J.-L. Agostini, P. Carrie, L.-P. De Menezes, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, O.S. Maksumov, S.V. Mizin, R. Sitals, A. Wasem and M. Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment, and D. Hanson and P. McMurry for discussions on their unpublished measurements of ambient gas-phase amines. We thank the CSC Centre for Scientific Computing in Espoo, Finland, for computer time, and J. Pierce and P. Paasonen for discussions. We thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network 'CLOUD-ITN' no. 215072, MC-ITN 'CLOUD-TRAIN' no. 316662, ERC-Starting 'MOCAPAF' grant 57360 and ERC-Advanced 'ATMNUCLE' grant 227463), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (projects 01LK0902A and 01LK1222A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (projects 200020_135307 and 206620_130527), the Academy of Finland (Center of Excellence project 1118615), the Academy of Finland (135054, 133872, 251427, 139656, 139995, 137749, 141217 and 141451), the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, the V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation, the Nessling Foundation, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; projects P19546 and L593), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project CERN/FP/116387/2010), the Swedish Research Council, Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (grant 2011-5120), the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants 08-02-91006-CERN and 12-02-91522-CERN), and the US National\nScience Foundation (grants AGS1136479 and CHE1012293).\n\nPublished - nature12663.pdf
Supplemental Material - nature12663-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "Nucleation of aerosol particles from trace atmospheric vapours is thought to provide up to half of global cloud condensation nuclei. Aerosols can cause a net cooling of climate by scattering sunlight and by leading to smaller but more numerous cloud droplets, which makes clouds brighter and extends their lifetimes. Atmospheric aerosols derived from human activities are thought to have compensated for a large fraction of the warming caused by greenhouse gases. However, despite its importance for climate, atmospheric nucleation is poorly understood. Recently, it has been shown that sulphuric acid and ammonia cannot explain particle formation rates observed in the lower atmosphere3. It is thought that amines may enhance nucleation, but until now there has been no direct evidence for amine ternary nucleation under atmospheric conditions. Here we use the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber at CERN and find that dimethylamine above three parts per trillion by volume can enhance particle formation rates more than 1,000-fold compared with ammonia, sufficient to account for the particle formation rates observed in the atmosphere. Molecular analysis of the clusters reveals that the faster nucleation is explained by a base-stabilization mechanism involving acid\u2013amine pairs, which strongly decrease evaporation. The ion-induced contribution is generally small, reflecting the high stability of sulphuric acid\u2013dimethylamine clusters and indicating that galactic cosmic rays exert only a small influence on their formation, except at low overall formation rates. Our experimental measurements are well reproduced by a dynamical model based on quantum chemical calculations of binding energies of molecular clusters, without any fitted parameters. These results show that, in regions of the atmosphere near amine sources, both amines and sulphur dioxide should be considered when assessing the impact of anthropogenic activities on particle formation.", "date": "2013-10-17", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "502", "number": "7471", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "359-363", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131115-115842493", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131115-115842493", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "316662" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "MOCAPAF57360" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "ATMNUCLE 227463" }, { "agency": "German Federal Ministry of Education and Research", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "German Federal Ministry of Education and Research", "grant_number": "01LK1222A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "200020_135307" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_130527" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "135054" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "133872" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "251427" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139656" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "139995" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "137749" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141217" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "141451" }, { "agency": "Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation" }, { "agency": "V\u00e4is\u00e4l\u00e4 Foundation" }, { "agency": "Nessling Foundation" }, { "agency": "FWF der Wissenfonds", "grant_number": "P19546" }, { "agency": "FWF der Wissenfonds", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "Swedish Research Council" }, { "agency": "Vetenskapsr\u00e5det", "grant_number": "2011-5120" }, { "agency": "Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "08-02-91006-CERN" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "12-02-91522-CERN" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1136479" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-1012293" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nature12663", "pmcid": "PMC7449521", "primary_object": { "basename": "nature12663-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8tf9h-00283/files/nature12663-s1.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "nature12663.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8tf9h-00283/files/nature12663.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Almeida, Jo\u00e3o; Downard, Andrew J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41", "eprint_id": 44387, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 10:36:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 00:26:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Metcalf-A-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalf", "given": "A. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Middlebrook-A", "name": { "family": "Middlebrook", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Hayes-P-L", "name": { "family": "Hayes", "given": "P. L." } }, { "id": "Duong-Hanh-T", "name": { "family": "Duong", "given": "H. T." } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Jimenez-J-L", "name": { "family": "Jimenez", "given": "J. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6203-1847" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Los Angeles Basin airborne organic aerosol characterization during CalNex", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "airborne; organic aerosol; PMF; Los Angeles", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Geophysical Union. Received 12 March 2013; revised 13 September 2013; accepted 16 September 2013; published 14 October 2013. This work was supported by NOAA grant NA09OAR4310128. The authors would like to acknowledge the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) crew at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California for their support during CalNex. The authors would also like to acknowledge B. L. Lefer for use of the PBLH data from the CalNex Pasadena ground-site and W. T. Morgan for the use of their data in Figure 11. P.L.H. and J.L.J. thank CARB 08-319/11-305 and DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0006035/DE-FG02-11ER65293, as well as a CIRES Visiting Fellowship to P.L.H.\n\nPublished - jgrd50853.pdf
Supplemental Material - AMSvsDMAVol.pdf
Supplemental Material - LocationofIntercomparison.pdf
Supplemental Material - MSfpeakvary.pdf
Supplemental Material - OtoCvsLong.pdf
Supplemental Material - QContributions.pdf
Supplemental Material - ReadMeFileCravenCalNex.docx
Supplemental Material - SupplementalMaterialRRR.pdf
Supplemental Material - TSfpeakvary.pdf
Supplemental Material - ThreeFactorTs.pdf
Supplemental Material - VolumeTS.pdf
", "abstract": "We report airborne organic aerosol (OA) measurements over Los Angeles carried out in May 2010 as part of the CalNex field campaign. The principal platform for the airborne data reported here was the CIRPAS Twin Otter (TO); airborne data from NOAA WP-3D aircraft and Pasadena CalNex ground-site data acquired during simultaneous TO flybys are also presented. Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer measurements constitute the main source of data analyzed. The increase in organic aerosol oxidation from west to east in the basin was sensitive to OA mass loading, with a greater spatial trend in O:C associated with lower mass concentration. Three positive matrix factorization (PMF) components (hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA), semi-volatile oxidized organic aerosol (SVOOA), and low volatility oxidized organic aerosol (LVOOA)) were resolved for the one flight that exhibited the largest variability in estimated O:C ratio. Comparison of the PMF factors with two optical modes of refractory black carbon (rBC)-containing aerosol revealed that the coating of thinly coated rBC-containing aerosol, dominant in the downtown region, is likely composed of HOA, whereas more thickly coated rBC-containing aerosol, dominant in the Banning pass outflow, is composed of SVOOA and LVOOA. The correlation of water-soluble organic mass to oxidized organic aerosol (OOA) is higher in the outflows than in the basin due to the higher mass fraction of OOA/OA in the outflows. By comparison, the average OA concentration over Mexico City MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) campaign was \u223c7 times higher than the airborne average during CalNex.", "date": "2013-10-14", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "118", "number": "19", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "11453-11467", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140319-075647979", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140319-075647979", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA09OAR4310128" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0006035" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-11ER65293" }, { "agency": "CIRES Visiting Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/jgrd.50853", "primary_object": { "basename": "MSfpeakvary.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/MSfpeakvary.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "QContributions.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/QContributions.pdf" }, { "basename": "VolumeTS.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/VolumeTS.pdf" }, { "basename": "AMSvsDMAVol.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/AMSvsDMAVol.pdf" }, { "basename": "LocationofIntercomparison.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/LocationofIntercomparison.pdf" }, { "basename": "OtoCvsLong.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/OtoCvsLong.pdf" }, { "basename": "ReadMeFileCravenCalNex.docx", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/ReadMeFileCravenCalNex.docx" }, { "basename": "SupplementalMaterialRRR.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/SupplementalMaterialRRR.pdf" }, { "basename": "TSfpeakvary.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/TSfpeakvary.pdf" }, { "basename": "ThreeFactorTs.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/ThreeFactorTs.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd50853.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq59h-xzh41/files/jgrd50853.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Craven, J. S.; Metcalf, A. R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ntjmy-scv25", "eprint_id": 42351, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:37:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:51:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Holunga-D-M", "name": { "family": "Holunga", "given": "Dean M." } }, { "id": "Brunelli-N-A", "name": { "family": "Brunelli", "given": "Nicholas A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "A tool for uniform coating of 300-mm wafers with nanoparticles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2013 Science+Business Media Dordrecht.\n\nReceived: 25 April 2013; Accepted: 24 September 2013.", "abstract": "We report a laminar flow thermophoretic aerosol deposition tool suitable for depositing nanoparticles on flat substrates such as silicon wafers up to 300 mm in diameter. The essential features were found to be a high aerosol flow rate, an inlet designed to minimize flow separation (a hyperbolic design in this case), and heating the aerosol inlet gas flow. A high flow rate reduces the residence time, thereby limiting particle agglomeration. The hyperbolic design of the aerosol inlet nozzle maintains the dynamic pressure that is needed to prevent flow recirculation, and is robust up to flow rates of 15 SLM without flow separation. Finally, heating the inlet gas flow ensures uniform particle deposition over the entire surface of the substrate. Particle deposition is quite uniform in both radial and azimuthal directions, with less than \u00b15.5 % variation of particle density on a 150-mm wafer, as characterized using non-contact AFM imaging. Computational fluid dynamics simulations predict that similar uniformity can be attained on larger (300 mm diameter) wafers.", "date": "2013-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Nanoparticle Research", "volume": "15", "number": "11", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "Art. No. 2027", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131111-100000285", "issn": "1388-0764", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131111-100000285", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1007/s11051-013-2027-1", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Holunga, Dean M.; Brunelli, Nicholas A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1wqvh-10968", "eprint_id": 42187, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:22:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:44:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lee-B-P", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Berto P." } }, { "id": "Li-Yong-Jie", "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Yong Jie" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Lo-Charles", "name": { "family": "Lo", "given": "Charles" } }, { "id": "Chan-Chak-Keung", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chak K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9687-8771" } ] }, "title": "Sizing Characterization of the Fast-Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) Against SMPS and HR-ToF-AMS", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research.\nReceived 11 March 2013; accepted 25 May 2013.\n\nAccepted author version posted online: 09 Jun 2013;\nPublished online: 26 Jun 2013.\n\nFunding support from the University Grants Committee of Hong\nKong (Special Equipment Grant SEG-HKUST07), the Environment\nand Conservation Fund (ECF ECWW09EG04), and the Research\nGrants Council of Hong Kong (Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme,\nfor Berto P. Lee) is gratefully acknowledged.", "abstract": "Particle size distributions are of profound interest in the study of ambient aerosols. Electrostatic classification using the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and more recently the Fast-Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) is the most commonly employed approach to establish particle size distributions for submicron particles in field and laboratory applications. The FMPS enables fast size distribution measurements on a timescale of seconds but has been speculated to underestimate particle size. Aerosol mass spectrometry has emerged as another well-accepted method for size-resolved compositional aerosol analysis with particle sizing being accomplished by flight time separation over a specified flight path under vacuum conditions. In this work, we characterized the particle sizing performance of an FMPS against simultaneous measurements with an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and an SMPS by sampling ambient particles, as well as polydisperse and monodisperse particles from aqueous inorganic salt solutions in the size range from 50 nm to 450 nm. The particle size measurements by AMS and SMPS produced similar results, while the FMPS significantly underestimated particle size by 40\u201350%. The discrepancy was observed in all studied ambient and laboratory-generated aerosols and appeared to be largely independent of the sampled species. The observations suggest that it is crucial to evaluate the sizing performance of the FMPS against other instruments to ensure an adequate accuracy of the particle size measurements. In this study, a simple postcorrection method for the FMPS measurements was applied, which was able to successfully reduce the initial underestimation.", "date": "2013-09-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "47", "number": "9", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "1030-1037", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131101-104351009", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131101-104351009", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Hong Kong University Grants Committee", "grant_number": "SEG-HKUST07" }, { "agency": "Environment and Conservation Fund (ECF)", "grant_number": "ECWW09EG04" }, { "agency": "Hong Kong Research Grant Council" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2013.810809", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Lee, Berto P.; Li, Yong Jie; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tsv99-sn952", "eprint_id": 41485, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:08:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:46:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yee-Lindsay-D", "name": { "family": "Yee", "given": "L. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8965-9319" }, { "id": "Kautzman-K-E", "name": { "family": "Kautzman", "given": "K. E." } }, { "id": "Loza-Christine-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "C. L." } }, { "id": "Schilling-Katherine-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "K. A." } }, { "id": "Coggon-Matthew-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "M. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Chan-Man-Nin", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "M. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2384-2695" }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "A. W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Hersey-Scott-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "S. P." } }, { "id": "Crounse-John-D", "name": { "family": "Crounse", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5443-729X" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "P. O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass burning intermediates: phenol and methoxyphenols", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\n\nReceived: 20 January 2013; Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 6 February 2013 Revised: 13 June 2013; Accepted: 20 June 2013; Published: 21 August 2013.\n\nThis work was supported by the US Department of Energy grants DE-FG02-05ER63983 and DE-SC 0006626 and US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR Research Agreement No. RD-833749.\n\nPublished - acp-13-8019-2013.pdf
", "abstract": "The formation of secondary organic aerosol from oxidation of phenol, guaiacol (2-methoxyphenol), and syringol (2,6-dimethoxyphenol), major components of biomass burning, is described. Photooxidation experiments were conducted in the Caltech laboratory chambers under low-NO\u2093 (< 10 ppb) conditions using H\u2082O\u2082 as the OH source. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields (ratio of mass of SOA formed to mass of primary organic reacted) greater than 25% are observed. Aerosol growth is rapid and linear with the primary organic conversion, consistent with the formation of essentially non-volatile products. Gas- and aerosol-phase oxidation products from the guaiacol system provide insight into the chemical mechanisms responsible for SOA formation. Syringol SOA yields are lower than those of phenol and guaiacol, likely due to novel methoxy group chemistry that leads to early fragmentation in the gas-phase photooxidation. Atomic oxygen to carbon (O : C) ratios calculated from high-resolution-time-of-flight Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) measurements of the SOA in all three systems are ~ 0.9, which represent among the highest such ratios achieved in laboratory chamber experiments and are similar to that of aged atmospheric organic aerosol. The global contribution of SOA from intermediate volatility and semivolatile organic compounds has been shown to be substantial (Pye and Seinfeld, 2010). An approach to representing SOA formation from biomass burning emissions in atmospheric models could involve one or more surrogate species for which aerosol formation under well-controlled conditions has been quantified. The present work provides data for such an approach.", "date": "2013-08-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "13", "number": "16", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "8019-8043", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130923-142910735", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130923-142910735", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC 0006626" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-13-8019-2013", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-13-8019-2013.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tsv99-sn952/files/acp-13-8019-2013.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Yee, L. D.; Kautzman, K. E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ch32z-sta02", "eprint_id": 41026, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:41:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 23:23:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mui-Wilton", "name": { "family": "Mui", "given": "Wilton" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3065-1296" }, { "id": "Thomas-D-A", "name": { "family": "Thomas", "given": "Daniel A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9415-5991" }, { "id": "Downard-A-J", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Beauchamp-J-L", "name": { "family": "Beauchamp", "given": "Jesse L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8839-4822" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry with a Radial Opposed Migration Ion and Aerosol Classifier (ROMIAC)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Chemical Society.\n\nReceived: February 28, 2013;\nAccepted: June 4, 2013;\nPublished: June 4, 2013.\n\nAndrew Metcalf, Xerxes Lopez-Yglesias, and Kate Upton are\nacknowledged for technical assistance with the LabView\nprogram and MS support. Financial support comes from a\nNSF Graduate Research Fellowship (W.M.); the Beckman\nInstitute at Caltech (J.L.B. and D.A.T.); the Jacobs Institute for\nMolecular Engineering for Medicine (R.C.F. and A.J.D.). This\nwork was supported by the National Science Foundation under\nGrant No. CBET-1236909.\n\nSupplemental Material - ac400580u_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "The first application of a novel differential mobility analyzer, the radial opposed migration ion and aerosol classifier (ROMIAC), is demonstrated. The ROMIAC uses antiparallel forces from an electric field and a cross-flow gas to both scan ion mobilities and continuously transmit target mobility ions with 100% duty cycle. In the ROMIAC, diffusive losses are minimized, and resolution of ions, with collisional cross-sections of 200\u20132000 \u00c5^2, is achieved near the nondispersive resolution of ~20. Higher resolution is theoretically possible with greater cross-flow rates. The ROMIAC was coupled to a linear trap quadrupole mass spectrometer and used to classify electrosprayed C2\u2013C12 tetra-alkyl ammonium ions, bradykinin, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, bovine ubiquitin, and two pairs of model peptide isomers. Instrument and mobility calibrations of the ROMIAC show that it exhibits linear responses to changes in electrode potential, making the ROMIAC suitable for mobility and cross-section measurements. The high resolution of the ROMIAC facilitates separation of isobaric isomeric peptides. Monitoring distinct dissociation pathways associated with peptide isomers fully resolves overlapping peaks in the ion mobility data. The ability of the ROMIAC to operate at atmospheric pressure and serve as a front-end analyzer to continuously transmit ions with a particular mobility facilitates extensive studies of target molecules using a variety of mass spectrometric methods.", "date": "2013-07-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Analytical Chemistry", "volume": "85", "number": "13", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "6319-6326", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-103839195", "issn": "0003-2700", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130830-103839195", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" }, { "agency": "Caltech Beckman Institute" }, { "agency": "Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CBET-1236909" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/ac400580u", "primary_object": { "basename": "ac400580u_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ch32z-sta02/files/ac400580u_si_001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Mui, Wilton; Thomas, Daniel A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pe0cv-8ge37", "eprint_id": 40706, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:26:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 17:20:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Loza-C-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "Christine L." } }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Nguyen-Tran-B", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "Tran B." } }, { "id": "Zuend-A", "name": { "family": "Zuend", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3101-8521" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "On the Mixing and Evaporation of Secondary Organic Aerosol Components", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: March 4, 2013; Revised: May 15, 2013; Accepted: May 20, 2013; Published: May 31, 2013. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department of Energy Grant DE-SC 0006626. We thank Jill Craven, Rebecca Schwantes, Lindsay Yee, and Xuan Zhang for experimental assistance, Andrew Metcalf and Manabu Shiraiwa for helpful discussions, and Yu Jun Leong and Robert Griffin for lending us their AMS power supply.", "abstract": "The physical state and chemical composition of an organic aerosol affect its degree of mixing and its interactions with condensing species. We present here a laboratory chamber procedure for studying the effect of the mixing of organic aerosol components on particle evaporation. The procedure is applied to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from \u03b1-pinene and toluene photooxidation. SOA evaporation is induced by heating the chamber aerosol from room temperature (25 \u00b0C) to 42 \u00b0C over 7 h and detected by a shift in the peak diameter of the SOA size distribution. With this protocol, \u03b1-pinene SOA is found to be more volatile than toluene SOA. When SOA is formed from the two precursors sequentially, the evaporation behavior of the SOA most closely resembles that of SOA from the second parent hydrocarbon, suggesting that the structure of the mixed SOA resembles a core of SOA from the initial precursor coated by a layer of SOA from the second precursor. Such a core-and-shell configuration of the organic aerosol phases implies limited mixing of the SOA from the two precursors on the time scale of the experiments, consistent with a high viscosity of at least one of the phases.", "date": "2013-06-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "47", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "6173-6180", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130816-104202754", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130816-104202754", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0006626" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es400979k", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Loza, Christine L.; Coggon, Matthew M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qfttn-1cw57", "eprint_id": 42267, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:37:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:47:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ryerson-T-B", "name": { "family": "Ryerson", "given": "T. B." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2800-7581" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The 2010 California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality\n and Climate Change (CalNex) field study", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "California; air quality; climate change; field study; CalNex", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Geophysical Union. Received 23 October 2012; revised 11 March 2013; accepted 12 March 2013; published 13 June 2013. We thank L. Dolislager (CARB) for the\ndescription of existing long-term criteria pollutant, greenhouse gas, and\nmeteorological measurement sites in California. We also thank G. Sanger\nand B. Ochs (NWS San Joaquin Valley/Hanford Weather Forecast Office)\nand L. Dolislager and J. Pederson (CARB) for meteorological forecast summaries.\nThe R/V Atlantis cruise and NOAA P-3 flights were supported, in\npart, by the NOAA Climate Change and, in part, by the NOAA Air Quality\nprograms. NOAA Twin Otter flights were supported by the NOAA Air\nQuality program and the California Air Resources Board. CIRPAS Twin\nOtter flights were supported by the NOAA Climate Change program under\ncontract NA090AR4310128. NASA B200 flights were supported by the\nDOE Atmospheric Systems Research Program and the NASA Radiation\nSciences and Tropospheric Chemistry programs. Data collection at the\nCALGEM tall tower sites was supported by the NOAA Office of Global\nPrograms, the California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest\nEnvironmental Research Program, and LBNL Laboratory Directed Research\nthrough the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Researchers at the ground sites were supported by the California\nAir Resources Board, the NOAA Office of Global Programs, the US Department\nof Energy, and the US National Science Foundation.\n\nPublished - jgrd50331.pdf
", "abstract": "The California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) field study was conducted throughout California in May, June, and July of 2010. The study was organized to address issues simultaneously relevant to atmospheric pollution and climate change, including (1) emission inventory assessment, (2) atmospheric transport and dispersion, (3) atmospheric chemical processing, and (4) cloud-aerosol interactions and aerosol radiative effects. Measurements from networks of ground sites, a research ship, tall towers, balloon-borne ozonesondes, multiple aircraft, and satellites provided in situ and remotely sensed data on trace pollutant and greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol chemical composition and microphysical properties, cloud microphysics, and meteorological parameters. This overview report provides operational information for the variety of sites, platforms, and measurements, their joint deployment strategy, and summarizes findings that have resulted from the collaborative analyses of the CalNex field study. Climate-relevant findings from CalNex include that leakage from natural gas infrastructure may account for the excess of observed methane over emission estimates in Los Angeles. Air-quality relevant findings include the following: mobile fleet VOC significantly declines, and NO_x emissions continue to have an impact on ozone in the Los Angeles basin; the relative contributions of diesel and gasoline emission to secondary organic aerosol are not fully understood; and nighttime NO_3 chemistry contributes significantly to secondary organic aerosol mass in the San Joaquin Valley. Findings simultaneously relevant to climate and air quality include the following: marine vessel emissions changes due to fuel sulfur and speed controls result in a net warming effect but have substantial positive impacts on local air quality.", "date": "2013-06-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "118", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "5830-5866", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20131106-095002310", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131106-095002310", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "California Air Resources Board" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA090AR4310128" }, { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "California Energy Commission" }, { "agency": "Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC02-05CH11231" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/jgrd.50331", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd50331.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qfttn-1cw57/files/jgrd50331.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Ryerson, T. B.; Flagan, R. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xqpgz-rqq48", "eprint_id": 39465, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:23:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 16:50:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Keskinen-H", "name": { "family": "Keskinen", "given": "H." } }, { "id": "Downard-A-J", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "A. J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Evolution of particle composition in CLOUD nucleation experiments", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 Author(s).\n\nThis work is distributed\nunder the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\n\nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\n\nReceived: 22 November 2012 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 4 December 2012\nRevised: 6 May 2013 \u2013 Accepted: 7 May 2013 \u2013 Published: 6 June 2013.\n\nWe would like to thank CERN for supporting\nCLOUD with important technical and financial resources, and for\nproviding a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This\nresearch has received funding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Initial Training Network \"CLOUD-ITN\"\ngrant no. 215072, the ERC-Advanced grant \"ATMNUCLE\"\n(no. 227463), the German Federal Ministry of Education and\nResearch (project no. 01LK0902A), the Swiss National Science\nFoundation (project nos. 206621 125025 and 206620 130527),\nthe Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program (project\nno. 1118615), Academy of Finland (project no. 138951), the\nAustrian Science Fund (FWF; project nos. P19546 and L593), the\nPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no.\nCERN/FP/116387/2010), the US National Science Foundation, and\nthe Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant N08-02-91006-CERN).\n\nPublished - acp-13-5587-2013.pdf
", "abstract": "Sulphuric acid, ammonia, amines, and oxidised organics play a crucial role in nanoparticle formation in the atmosphere. In this study, we investigate the composition of nucleated nanoparticles formed from these compounds in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber experiments at CERN (Centre europ\u00e9en pour la recherche nucl\u00e9aire). The investigation was carried out via analysis of the particle hygroscopicity, ethanol affinity, oxidation state, and ion composition. Hygroscopicity was studied by a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyser and a cloud condensation nuclei counter, ethanol affinity by an organic differential mobility analyser and particle oxidation level by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. The ion composition was studied by an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The volume fraction of the organics in the particles during their growth from sizes of a few nanometers to tens of nanometers was derived from measured hygroscopicity assuming the Zdanovskii\u2013Stokes\u2013Robinson relationship, and compared to values gained from the spectrometers. The ZSR-relationship was also applied to obtain the measured ethanol affinities during the particle growth, which were used to derive the volume fractions of sulphuric acid and the other inorganics (e.g. ammonium salts). In the presence of sulphuric acid and ammonia, particles with a mobility diameter of 150 nm were chemically neutralised to ammonium sulphate. In the presence of oxidation products of pinanediol, the organic volume fraction of freshly nucleated particles increased from 0.4 to ~0.9, with an increase in diameter from 2 to 63 nm. Conversely, the sulphuric acid volume fraction decreased from 0.6 to 0.1 when the particle diameter increased from 2 to 50 nm. The results provide information on the composition of nucleated aerosol particles during their growth in the presence of various combinations of sulphuric acid, ammonia, dimethylamine and organic oxidation products.", "date": "2013-06-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "13", "number": "11", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "5587-5600", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130719-102040168", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130719-102040168", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206621 125025" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620 130527" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "Academy of Finland", "grant_number": "138951" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P19546" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)", "grant_number": "CERN/FP/116387/2010" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "N08-02-91006-CERN" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-13-5587-2013", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-13-5587-2013.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xqpgz-rqq48/files/acp-13-5587-2013.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Keskinen, H.; Downard, A. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3d8n9-e1k40", "eprint_id": 38414, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:20:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:08:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "L\u03ccpez-Yglesias-X", "name": { "family": "L\u03ccpez-Yglesias", "given": "Xerxes" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Ion\u2013Aerosol Flux Coefficients and the Steady-State Charge\n Distribution of Aerosols in a Bipolar Ion Environment", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research. Received: 17 Jan 2012. Accepted: 08 Oct 2012. Accepted author version posted online: 12 Mar 2013. Published online: 08 Apr 2013. The authors thank Lindsay Yee for her time spent editing and discussing this manuscript. They would also like to thank an anonymous reviewer for doing an outstanding job; the reviewer raised interesting scientific points that go well beyond the scope of the current work. Finally, the authors thank the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the NAI Titan team managed at JPL under NASA Contract NAS7-03001 for the funding of this project, and the Ayrshire Foundation for their\nsupport in making computing resources available.\n\nSupplemental Material - uast_a_783684_sup_33307712.zip
", "abstract": "Fuchs' theory, as corrected by Hoppel and Frick, is widely used to compute flux coefficients of ions to aerosol particles and the resultant charge distribution. We have identified approximations made in previous works that limit the theory's accuracy. Hoppel and Frick used two characteristic speeds or kinetic energies to calculate the flux coefficients of ions to aerosol particles in lieu of an average of the flux coefficients over the Maxwell\u2013Boltzmann distribution of ion speeds. In the present work, we show that this approximation artificially reduces the number of multiply charged particles. Ion capture may be enhanced by three-body trapping, a process wherein an ion has a collision with a neutral gas molecule and loses sufficient kinetic energy to be captured by the particle. The gas kinetic theory approach to three-body trapping has been refined to better account for the collision between the ion and a neutral gas molecule within the potential presented by the particle. Approximations to the calculation of energy losses and the probability of ion capture have been relaxed. The possibility that an image charge may be induced on the ion as well as on the particle is allowed. While the previous work was limited to electrically conductive particles, both the ion and the particle are allowed to have any dielectric constant in the present work, and the finite size of the ions is taken into account when calculating minimum capture radii for the ion\u2013particle interactions. The resulting ion flux coefficients differ from previous results both in the low nanometer regime and in the continuum regime. We explore the influence of key parameters on the charge distribution, including dielectric constant, temperature, and pressure, to understand how operating conditions may affect the interpretation of differential mobility analyzer measurements of particle size distributions. Finally, an empirical expression for the new charge distribution is given to facilitate rapid calculations.", "date": "2013-06-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "47", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "688-704", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130510-090712962", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130510-090712962", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAS7-03001" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2013.783684", "primary_object": { "basename": "uast_a_783684_sup_33307712.zip", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3d8n9-e1k40/files/uast_a_783684_sup_33307712.zip" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "L\u03ccpez-Yglesias, Xerxes and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8q1wk-0dt03", "eprint_id": 38385, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:20:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:07:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "L\u00f2pez-Yglesias-X", "name": { "family": "L\u00f2pez-Yglesias", "given": "Xerxes" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Population Balances of Micron-Sized Aerosols in a Bipolar Ion Environment", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research.\n\nReceived 17 January 2012; accepted 21 January 2013.\n\nWe thank Andrew Downard for his time spent editing and discussing this manuscript. We would also like to thank the NASA Astrobiology Institute through the NAI Titan team managed at JPL under NASA Contract NAS7-03001 for the funding of this project, and the Ayrshire Foundation for their support in making computing resources available.", "abstract": "The present work re-examines the assumptions that are required for a steady-state charge distribution analysis to be valid. First, the common approximation that there are only 11 charge states available to the distribution is relaxed to allow for 201 charge states to be available to the particle distribution. This is found to have large repercussions on the behavior of the distribution for radii greater than 0.5 \u03bcm. The steady-state assumption itself is then re-examined by calculating the time required to reach steady state for many different ion-pair production rates and initial particle charge states as a function of radius. In the steady-state model, the ion populations are often assumed to decouple completely from the aerosol; this is shown to be false throughout the troposphere. Finally, the number of positive and negative charge states needed to accurately model a particle population of a given size is determined.", "date": "2013-06-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "47", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "681-687", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130509-104957055", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130509-104957055", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAS7-03001" }, { "agency": "Ayrshire Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2013.783683", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "L\u00f2pez-Yglesias, Xerxes and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m5ny9-wnd49", "eprint_id": 39184, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:54:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 16:32:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Brunelli-N-A", "name": { "family": "Brunelli", "given": "N. A." } }, { "id": "Neidholdt-E-L", "name": { "family": "Neidholdt", "given": "E. L." } }, { "id": "Giapis-K-P", "name": { "family": "Giapis", "given": "K. P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7393-298X" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Beauchamp-J-L", "name": { "family": "Beauchamp", "given": "J. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8839-4822" } ] }, "title": "Continuous Flow Ion Mobility Separation with Mass Spectrometric Detection Using a Nano-Radial Differential Mobility Analyzer at Low Flow Rates", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: November 7, 2012; Accepted: April 2, 2013; Published: April 2, 2013. \n\nThe authors declare no competing financial interest.", "abstract": "We describe a hybrid mass-mobility instrument in which a continuous-flow ion mobility classifier is used as a front-end separation device for mass spectrometric analysis of ions generated with an electrospray ionization source. Using nitrogen as a carrier gas, the resolving power of the nano-radial differential mobility analyzer (nRDMA) for nanometer-sized ions is 5\u20137 for tetraalkylammonium ions. Data are presented demonstrating the ability of the system to resolve the different aggregation and charge states of tetraalkylammonium ions and protonated peptides using a quadrupole ion trap (QIT) mass spectrometer to analyze the mobility-classified ions. Specifically, data are presented for the two charge states of the decapeptide Gramicidin S. A key feature of the new instrument is the ability to continuously transmit ions with specific mobilities to the mass spectrometer for manipulation and analysis.", "date": "2013-05-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Analytical Chemistry", "volume": "85", "number": "9", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4335-4341", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130702-110722087", "issn": "0003-2700", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130702-110722087", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1021/ac3032417", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Brunelli, N. A.; Neidholdt, E. L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sw6pe-dy351", "eprint_id": 39199, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:54:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:18:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Nguyen-Tran-B", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "T. B." } }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "M. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Reactive Uptake and Photo-Fenton Oxidation of Glycolaldehyde in Aerosol Liquid Water", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: February 2, 2013; Revised: April 2, 2013; Accepted: April 4, 2013; Published: April 4, 2013. \n\nThis research was supported by the National Science Foundation grant AGS-1057183. T. B. Nguyen acknowledges funding from the Coco and Foster Stanback Postdoctoral Fellowship in Global Environmental Science. We are grateful to Prof. S. A. Nizkorodov (UC Irvine) for his contribution of a portion of the equipment used in this work. We thank Prof. P. O. Wennberg and Prof. M. R. Hoffman for helpful discussions.\n\nThe Henry's law constant (k_H) of glycolaldehyde, adapted from Betterton and Hoffmann (1988), should have been written as 4.14 \u00d7 10^4 M atm^(-1) instead of 4.14 \u00d7 10^5 M atm^(-1).\n\nSupplemental Material - es400538j_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "The reactive uptake and aqueous oxidation of glycolaldehyde were examined in a photochemical flow reactor using hydrated ammonium sulfate (AS) seed aerosols at RH = 80%. The glycolaldehyde that partitioned into the aerosol liquid water was oxidized via two mechanisms that may produce aqueous OH: hydrogen peroxide photolysis (H_(2)O_(2) + h\u03bd) and the photo-Fenton reaction (Fe_(II) + H_(2)O_(2) + h\u03bd). The uptake of 80 (\u00b110) ppb glycolaldehyde produced 2\u20134 wt % organic aerosol mass in the dark (k_(H)* = (2.09\u20134.17) \u00d7 10^6 M atm^(\u20131)), and the presence of an OH source increased the aqueous uptake by a factor of 4. Although the uptake was similar in both OH-aging mechanisms, photo-Fenton significantly increased the degree of oxidation (O/C = 0.9) of the aerosols compared to H_(2)O_(2) photolysis (O/C = 0.5). Aerosol organics oxidized by photo-Fenton and H_(2)O_(2) photolysis resemble ambient \"aged\" and \"fresh\" OA, respectively, after the equivalent of 2 h atmospheric aging. No uptake or changes in particle composition occurred on dry seed aerosol. This work illustrates that photo-Fenton chemistry efficiently forms highly oxidized organic mass in aerosol liquid water, providing a possible mechanism to bridge the gap between bulk-phase experiments and ambient particles.", "date": "2013-05-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "47", "number": "9", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4307-4316", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130703-095608075", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130703-095608075", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1057183" }, { "agency": "Coco and Foster Stanback Postdoctoral Fellowship in Global Environmental Science" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es400538j", "primary_object": { "basename": "es400538j_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sw6pe-dy351/files/es400538j_si_001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Nguyen, T. B.; Coggon, M. M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/082gf-bdv27", "eprint_id": 39251, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:43:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 16:36:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Albrecht-Bruce-A", "name": { "family": "Albrecht", "given": "Bruce A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5085-4272" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Ahlm-Lars", "name": { "family": "Ahlm", "given": "Lars" } }, { "id": "Chen-Yi-Chun", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Yi-Chun" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7997-8578" }, { "id": "Coggon-Matthew-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Craven-Jill-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Frossard-Amanda-A", "name": { "family": "Frossard", "given": "Amanda A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5728-0854" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Jung-Eunsil", "name": { "family": "Jung", "given": "Eunsil" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0970-2730" }, { "id": "Lin-Jack-J", "name": { "family": "Lin", "given": "Jack J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4453-1263" }, { "id": "Metcalf-Andrew-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalfe", "given": "Andrew R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Modini-Robin-L", "name": { "family": "Modini", "given": "Robin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2982-1369" }, { "id": "M\u00fclmenst\u00e4dt-Johannes", "name": { "family": "M\u00fclmenst\u00e4dt", "given": "Johannes" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1105-6678" }, { "id": "Roberts-Greg-C", "name": { "family": "Roberts", "given": "Greg C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3636-8590" }, { "id": "Shingler-Taylor", "name": { "family": "Shingler", "given": "Taylor" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4596-1027" }, { "id": "Song-Siwon", "name": { "family": "Song", "given": "Siwon" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2001-4106" }, { "id": "Wang-Zhen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Zhen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7921-3134" }, { "id": "Wonasch\u00fctz-Anna", "name": { "family": "Wonasch\u00fctz", "given": "Anna" } } ] }, "title": "Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Meteorological Society. \n\nIn final form 9 August 2012. \n\nThe E-PEACE field campaign and modeling studies were funded by the National Science Foundation (Grants AGS-1013423, AGS-1008848, AGS-1013381, AGS-1013319; ATM-0744636, AGS-0821599, and ATM-0349015) and the Office of Naval Research (Grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-10-1-0200, and N00014-08-1-0465). Sea Spray Research, Inc. provided oil for the operation of the smoke generators. The authors gratefully acknowledge the crews of the CIRPAS Twin Otter and the R/V Point Sur for their assistance during the field campaign; Tom Maggard, who revived and tirelessly maintained the smoke generators during the cruise; David Malmberg and the crew of the R/V Sproul, for their assistance in testing the smoke generators prior to the campaign; Spyros Pandis, for providing the CCN spectrometer; and Daniel Rosenfeld, for providing the powdered salt. We also thank Richard Leaitch and two anonymous reviewers for providing helpful comments on the submitted manuscript.\n\nPublished - bams-d-12-00015.1.pdf
Supplemental Material - 10.1175_bams-d-12-00015.2.pdf
", "abstract": "Aerosol\u2013cloud\u2013radiation interactions are widely held to be the largest single source of uncertainty in climate model projections of future radiative forcing due to increasing anthropogenic emissions. The underlying causes of this uncertainty among modeled predictions of climate are the gaps in our fundamental understanding of cloud processes. There has been significant progress with both observations and models in addressing these important questions but quantifying them correctly is nontrivial, thus limiting our ability to represent them in global climate models. The Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE) 2011 was a targeted aircraft campaign with embedded modeling studies, using the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft and the research vessel Point Sur in July and August 2011 off the central coast of California, with a full payload of instruments to measure particle and cloud number, mass, composition, and water uptake distributions. EPEACE used three emitted particle sources to separate particle-induced feedbacks from dynamical variability, namely 1) shipboard smoke-generated particles with 0.05\u20131-\u03bcm diameters (which produced tracks measured by satellite and had drop composition characteristic of organic smoke), 2) combustion particles from container ships with 0.05\u20130.2-\u03bcm diameters (which were measured in a variety of conditions with droplets containing both organic and sulfate components), and 3) aircraft-based milled salt particles with 3\u20135-\u03bcm diameters (which showed enhanced drizzle rates in some clouds). The aircraft observations were consistent with past large-eddy simulations of deeper clouds in ship tracks and aerosol\u2013 cloud parcel modeling of cloud drop number and composition, providing quantitative constraints on aerosol effects on warm-cloud microphysics.", "date": "2013-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society", "volume": "94", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "709-729", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130708-131056964", "issn": "0003-0007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130708-131056964", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1013423" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1008848" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1013381" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1013319" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0744636" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-0821599" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0349015" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-08-1-0465" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00015.1", "primary_object": { "basename": "10.1175_bams-d-12-00015.2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/082gf-bdv27/files/10.1175_bams-d-12-00015.2.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "bams-d-12-00015.1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/082gf-bdv27/files/bams-d-12-00015.1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Russell, Lynn M.; Sorooshian, Armin; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qd3wf-ap042", "eprint_id": 39339, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:08:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 16:42:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hersey-Scott-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "Scott P." } }, { "id": "Craven-Jill-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Metcalf-Andrew-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalfe", "given": "Andrew R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Lin-Jack-J", "name": { "family": "Lin", "given": "Jack" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4453-1263" }, { "id": "Lathem-Terry-L", "name": { "family": "Lathem", "given": "Terry" } }, { "id": "Suski-Kaitlyn-J", "name": { "family": "Suski", "given": "Kaitlyn J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5183-7335" }, { "id": "Cahill-John-F", "name": { "family": "Cahill", "given": "John F." } }, { "id": "Duong-Hanh-T", "name": { "family": "Duong", "given": "Hanh T." } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Shiraiwa-Manabu", "name": { "family": "Shiraiwa", "given": "Manabu" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2532-5373" }, { "id": "Zuend-Andreas", "name": { "family": "Zuend", "given": "Andreas" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3101-8521" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Prather-Kimberly-A", "name": { "family": "Prather", "given": "Kimberly A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3048-9890" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Composition and hygroscopicity of the Los Angeles Aerosol: CalNex", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "urban aerosol; hygroscopicity; CCN; CalNex", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Geophysical Union.\n\nReceived 2 July 2012; revised 24 January 2013; accepted 21 February 2013; published 11 April 2013.\n\nThis work was supported by NOAA grant NA09OAR4310128 and CARB agreement #09-333.\n\nPublished - jgrd50307.pdf
", "abstract": "Aircraft-based measurements of aerosol composition, either bulk or single-particle, and both subsaturated and supersaturated hygroscopicity were made in the Los Angeles Basin and its outflows during May 2010 during the CalNex field study. Aerosol composition evolves from source-rich areas in the western Basin to downwind sites in the eastern Basin, evidenced by transition from an external to internal mixture, as well as enhancements in organic O\u2009:\u2009C ratio, the amount of organics and nitrate internally mixed on almost all particle types, and coating thickness on refractory black carbon (rBC). Transport into hot, dilute outflow regions leads to significant volatilization of semivolatile material, resulting in a unimodal aerosol comprising primarily oxygenated, low-volatility, water-soluble organics and sulfate. The fraction of particles with rBC or soot cores is between 27 and 51% based on data from a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) and Aerosol Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS). Secondary organics appear to inhibit subsaturated water uptake in aged particles, while CCN activity is enhanced with photochemical age. A biomass-burning event resulted in suppression of subsaturated hygroscopicity but enhancement in CCN activity, suggesting that BB particles may be nonhygroscopic at subsaturated RH but are important sources of CCN. Aerosol aging and biomass burning can lead to discrepancies between subsaturated and supersaturated hygroscopicity that may be related to mixing state. In the cases of biomass burning aerosol and aged particles coated with secondary material, more than a single parameter representation of subsaturated hygroscopicity and CCN activity is needed.", "date": "2013-04-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "118", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "3016-3036", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130712-102252597", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130712-102252597", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA09OAR4310128" }, { "agency": "California Air Resources Board", "grant_number": "09-333" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/jgrd.50307", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd50307.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qd3wf-ap042/files/jgrd50307.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Hersey, Scott P.; Craven, Jill S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wtvvy-p7t86", "eprint_id": 38075, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:53:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:44:39", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Raatikainen-Tomi", "name": { "family": "Raatikainen", "given": "Tomi" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2603-516X" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Morales-Ricardo", "name": { "family": "Morales", "given": "Ricardo" } }, { "id": "Moore-Richard-H", "name": { "family": "Moore", "given": "Richard H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2911-4469" }, { "id": "Lathem-Terry-L", "name": { "family": "Lathem", "given": "Terry L." } }, { "id": "Lance-Sara", "name": { "family": "Lance", "given": "Sara" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2396-2582" }, { "id": "Padr\u00f3-Luz-T", "name": { "family": "Padr\u00f3", "given": "Luz T." } }, { "id": "Lin-Jack-L", "name": { "family": "Lin", "given": "Jack L." } }, { "id": "Cerully-Kate-M", "name": { "family": "Cerully", "given": "Kate M." } }, { "id": "Bougiatiot-Aikaterini", "name": { "family": "Bougiatioti", "given": "Aikaterini" } }, { "id": "Cozic-Julie", "name": { "family": "Cozic", "given": "Julie" } }, { "id": "Ruehl-Christopher-R", "name": { "family": "Ruehl", "given": "Christopher R." } }, { "id": "Chuang-Patrick-Y", "name": { "family": "Chuang", "given": "Patrick Y." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2290-8346" }, { "id": "Anderson-Bruce-E", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Bruce E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7821-7299" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Mihalopoulos-Nikos", "name": { "family": "Mihalopoulos", "given": "Nikos" } }, { "id": "Smith-James-N", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "James N." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4677-8224" } ] }, "title": "Worldwide data sets constrain the water vapor uptake coefficient in cloud formation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "global climate; hydrological cycle; precipitation", "note": "\u00a9 2013 National Academy of Sciences. \n\nEdited by Mark H. Thiemens, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved January 18, 2013 (received for review November 13, 2012).\nPublished online before print February 19, 2013. \n\nWe thank Dr. Xiaohong Liu for advice on using the CAM 5.1 and for providing computer time for the simulations. We also thank all those who contributed to the measurement campaigns; Charles Brock from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Aerosol Research Group Experiment for supporting aerosol measurements during Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites. T.R. thanks the Finnish Cultural Foundation; S.L. and J.J.L. acknowledge the support of a Georgia Tech President's fellowship and an National Center for Atmospheric Research Advanced Study Program Graduate Fellowship; and J.J.L. thanks the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program for funding. R.H.M. acknowledges support from a Department of Energy Global Change Education Fellowship, a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship, and a NASA postdoctoral fellowship. L.T.P. received funding from a NASA Earth System Science fellowship. T.L.L. acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation (NSF) fellowship and a Georgia Tech institutional fellowship. Funding from a DOE grant (to A.N.), the Electric Power Research Institute, an NSF Faculty Early Career Development award (to A.N.), NOAA grants (to J.H.S. and A.N.), and NASA grants (to A.N.) is acknowledged.\n\nAuthor contributions: T.R. and A.N. designed research; T.R., A.N., J.H.S., R.M., R.H.M., T.L.L., S.L., L.T.P., J.J.L., K.M.C., A.B., J.C., B.E.A., R.C.F., H.J., N.M., and J.N.S. performed research; T.R., A.N., J.H.S., R.M., C.R.R., P.Y.C., B.E.A., and N.M. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; T.R., A.N., R.H.M., T.L.L., S.L., L.T.P., J.J.L., K.M.C., A.B., J.C., B.E.A., R.C.F., N.M., and J.N.S. analyzed data; and T.R., A.N., and J.H.S. wrote the paper.\n\nPublished - PNAS-2013-Raatikainen-3760-4.pdf
Supplemental Material - pnas.201219591SI.pdf
", "abstract": "Cloud droplet formation depends on the condensation of water vapor on ambient aerosols, the rate of which is strongly affected by the kinetics of water uptake as expressed by the condensation (or mass accommodation) coefficient, \u03b1_c. Estimates of \u03b1_c for droplet growth from activation of ambient particles vary considerably and represent a critical source of uncertainty in estimates of global cloud droplet distributions and the aerosol indirect forcing of climate. We present an analysis of 10 globally relevant data sets of cloud condensation nuclei to constrain the value of \u03b1c for ambient aerosol. We find that rapid activation kinetics (\u03b1_c > 0.1) is uniformly prevalent. This finding resolves a long-standing issue in cloud physics, as the uncertainty in water vapor accommodation on droplets is considerably less than previously thought.", "date": "2013-03-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "110", "number": "10", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "3760-3764", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130423-105257604", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130423-105257604", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Finnish Cultural Foundation" }, { "agency": "Georgia Tech" }, { "agency": "National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)" }, { "agency": "NASA Graduate Student Research Fellowship" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NASA Earth Systems Science Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1219591110", "pmcid": "PMC3593859", "primary_object": { "basename": "PNAS-2013-Raatikainen-3760-4.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wtvvy-p7t86/files/PNAS-2013-Raatikainen-3760-4.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "pnas.201219591SI.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wtvvy-p7t86/files/pnas.201219591SI.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Raatikainen, Tomi; Nenes, Athanasios; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g40cm-0pp80", "eprint_id": 39748, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:57:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 17:09:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Metcalf-A-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalf", "given": "Andrew R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Loza-C-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "Christine L." } }, { "id": "Coggon-M-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "Matthew M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary Organic Aerosol Coating Formation and Evaporation: Chamber Studies Using Black Carbon Seed Aerosol and the Single-Particle Soot Photometer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research. Received: 23 May 2012. Accepted: 21 Oct 2012. Accepted author version posted online: 30 Nov 2012. Published online: 20 Dec 2012. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy grant\nDE-SC0006626.\n\nSupplemental Material - Supplemental_Information.pdf
", "abstract": "We report a protocol for using black carbon (BC) aerosol as the seed for secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in an environmental chamber. We employ a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) to probe single-particle SOA coating growth dynamics and find that SOA growth on nonspherical BC aerosol is diffusion-limited. Aerosol composition measurements with an Aerodyne high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) confirm that the presence of BC seed does not alter the composition of SOA as compared to self-nucleated SOA or condensed SOA on ammonium sulfate seed. We employ a 3-wavelength photoacoustic soot spectrometer (PASS-3) to measure optical properties of the systems studied, including fullerene soot as the surrogate BC seed, nucleated naphthalene SOA from high-NO_x photooxidation, and nucleated \u03b1-pinene SOA from low-NO_x photooxidation. A core-and-shell Mie scattering model of the light absorption enhancement is in good agreement with measured enhancements for both the low- and high-NO_x \u03b1-pinene photooxidation systems, reinforcing the assumption of a core-shell morphology for coated BC particles. A discrepancy between measured and modeled absorption enhancement factors in the naphthalene photooxidation system is attributed to the wavelength-dependence of refractive index of the naphthalene SOA. The coating of high-NO_x \u03b1-pinene SOA decreases after reaching a peak thickness during irradiation, reflecting a volatility change in the aerosol, as confirmed by the relative magnitudes of f_(43) and f_(44) in the AMS spectra. The protocol described here provides a framework by which future studies of SOA optical properties and single-particle growth dynamics may be explored in environmental chambers.", "date": "2013-03-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "47", "number": "3", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "326-347", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130802-153334814", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130802-153334814", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0006626" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2012.750712", "primary_object": { "basename": "Supplemental_Information.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g40cm-0pp80/files/Supplemental_Information.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Metcalf, Andrew R.; Loza, Christine L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qre5f-a4z98", "eprint_id": 36555, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:51:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:18:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Yee-Lindsay-D", "name": { "family": "Yee", "given": "L. D." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Canagaratna-M-R", "name": { "family": "Canagaratna", "given": "M. R." } }, { "id": "Loza-C-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "C. L." } }, { "id": "Schilling-K-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "K. A." } }, { "id": "Yatavelli-R-L-N", "name": { "family": "Yatavelli", "given": "R. L. N." } }, { "id": "Thornton-J-A", "name": { "family": "Thornton", "given": "J. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5098-4867" }, { "id": "Ziemann-P-J", "name": { "family": "Ziemann", "given": "P. J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Analysis of secondary organic aerosol formation and aging using positive matrix factorization of high-resolution aerosol mass spectra: application to the dodecane low-NO_x system", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2012 Author(s). This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.\nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\nReceived: 7 June 2012; Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 6 July 2012; Revised: 26 October 2012; Accepted: 4 December 2012; Published: 17 December 2012.\n\nThis work was supported by US Department of Energy grant DE-SC 000 6626. Analysis of the MOVI-HRToFCIMS data is supported by a grant to J. A. T. from the US\nDepartment of Energy (DOE-ER65318).\n\nPublished - acp-12-11795-2012.pdf
", "abstract": "Positive matrix factorization (PMF) of high-resolution laboratory chamber aerosol mass spectra is applied for the first time, the results of which are consistent with molecular level MOVI-HRToF-CIMS aerosol-phase and CIMS gas-phase measurements. Secondary organic aerosol was generated by photooxidation of dodecane under low-NOx conditions in the Caltech environmental chamber. The PMF results exhibit three factors representing a combination of gas-particle partitioning, chemical conversion in the aerosol, and wall deposition. The slope of the measured high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) composition data on a Van Krevelen diagram is consistent with that of other low-NO_x alkane systems in the same O : C range. Elemental analysis of the PMF factor mass spectral profiles elucidates the combinations of functionality that contribute to the slope on the Van Krevelen diagram.", "date": "2012-12-17", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "12", "number": "24", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "11795-11817", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20130124-083937535", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130124-083937535", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0006626" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DOE-ER65318" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-12-11795-2012", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-12-11795-2012.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qre5f-a4z98/files/acp-12-11795-2012.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Craven, J. S.; Yee, L. D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ceekg-zad95", "eprint_id": 35440, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:49:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 16:20:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Coggon-Matthew-M", "name": { "family": "Coggon", "given": "M. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5763-1925" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Wang-Zhen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Z." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7921-3134" }, { "id": "Metcalf-Andrew-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalf", "given": "A. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Frossard-Amanda-A", "name": { "family": "Frossard", "given": "A. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5728-0854" }, { "id": "Lin-J-J", "name": { "family": "Lin", "given": "J. J." } }, { "id": "Craven-Jill-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "L. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Ship impacts on the marine atmosphere: insights into the\n contribution of shipping emissions to the properties of marine\n aerosol and clouds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2012 Author(s). \nThis work is distributed\nunder the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.\nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.\nReceived: 22 May 2012. Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 7 June 2012. Revised: 1 September 2012. Accepted: 3 September 2012. Published: 20 September 2012. Edited by: R. Krejci. This work was funded by ONR grants N00014-11-1-0783, N00014-10-1-0200, and N00014-10-1-0811, and NSF grants AGS-1013381 and AGS-1008848. We acknowledge Dean Hegg for providing the cloud water collector.\n\nPublished - acp-12-8439-2012.pdf
", "abstract": "We report properties of marine aerosol and clouds measured in the shipping lanes between Monterey Bay and San Francisco off the coast of Central California. Using a suite of aerosol instrumentation onboard the CIRPAS Twin Otter aircraft, these measurements represent a unique set of data contrasting the properties of clean and ship-impacted marine air masses in dry aerosol and cloud droplet residuals. Below-cloud aerosol exhibited average mass and number concentrations of 2 \u03bcg m^(\u22123) and 510 cm^(\u22123), respectively, which are consistent with previous studies performed off the coast of California. Enhancements in vanadium and cloud droplet number concentrations are observed concurrently with a decrease in cloud water pH, suggesting that periods of high aerosol loading are primarily linked to increased ship influence. Mass spectra from a compact time-of-flight Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer reveal an enhancement in the fraction of organic at m/z 42 (f_42) and 99 (f_99) in ship-impacted clouds. These ions are well correlated to each other (R^2>0.64) both in and out of cloud and constitute 14% (f_(44)) and 3% (f_(99)) of organic mass during periods of enhanced sulfate. High-resolution mass spectral analysis of these masses from ship measurements suggests that the ions responsible for this variation were oxidized, possibly due to cloud processing. We propose that the organic fractions of these ions be used as a metric for determining the extent to which cloud-processed ship emissions impact the marine atmosphere where (f_(42) > 0.15; f_(99) > 0.04) would imply heavy influence from shipping emissions, (0.05 < f_(42) < 0.15; 0.01 < f_(99) < 0.04) would imply moderate, but persistent, influences from ships, and (f_(42) < 0.05; f_(99) < 0.01) would imply clean, non-ship-influenced air.", "date": "2012-09-20", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "12", "number": "18", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "8439-8458", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20121113-133911100", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121113-133911100", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-11-1-0783" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1013381" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1008848" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-12-8439-2012", "primary_object": { "basename": "acp-12-8439-2012.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ceekg-zad95/files/acp-12-8439-2012.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Coggon, M. M.; Sorooshian, A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bs3bq-8yz17", "eprint_id": 30169, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:25:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 15:31:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yee-Lindsay-D", "name": { "family": "Yee", "given": "Lindsay D." } }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Loza-C-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "Christine L." } }, { "id": "Schilling-K-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "Katherine A." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga Lee" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Canagaratna-M-R", "name": { "family": "Canagaratna", "given": "Manjula R." } }, { "id": "Ziemann-P-J", "name": { "family": "Ziemann", "given": "Paul J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Low-NO_x Photooxidation of Dodecane: Evolution of Multigeneration Gas-Phase Chemistry and Aerosol Composition", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2012 American Chemical Society. Received: November 30, 2011. Publication Date (Web): March 16, 2012. Special Issue: A. R. Ravishankara Festschrift. This work was supported by the Office of Science (Biological\nand Environmental Research), U.S. Department of Energy\nGrant (DE-SC 0006626), and National Science Foundation\nGrants AGS-1057183 and ATM-0650061. We acknowledge\nJohn D. Crounse and Jason M. St. Clair for helpful discussions\non CIMS data analysis, Reddy L. N. Yatavelli and ManNin\nChan for useful discussions, and Andreas Zuend, Xuan Zhang,\nand Steve Compernolle for assistance with the vapor-pressure\nestimations. L.D.Y., J.S.C., and C.L.L. were supported by\nNational Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships\n\nSupplemental Material - jp211531h_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "The extended photooxidation of and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from dodecane (C_(12)H_(26)) under low-NO_x conditions, such that RO_2 + HO_2 chemistry dominates the fate of the peroxy radicals, is studied in the Caltech Environmental Chamber based on simultaneous gas and particle-phase measurements. A mechanism simulation indicates that greater than 67% of the initial carbon ends up as fourth and higher generation products after 10 h of reaction, and simulated trends for seven species are supported by gas-phase measurements. A characteristic set of hydroperoxide gas-phase products are formed under these low-NO_x conditions. Production of semivolatile hydroperoxide species within three generations of chemistry is consistent with observed initial aerosol growth. Continued gas-phase oxidation of these semivolatile species produces multifunctional low volatility compounds. This study elucidates the complex evolution of the gas-phase photooxidation chemistry and subsequent SOA formation through a novel approach comparing molecular level information from a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) and high m/z ion fragments from an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS). Combination of these techniques reveals that particle-phase chemistry leading to peroxyhemiacetal formation is the likely mechanism by which these species are incorporated in the particle phase. The current findings are relevant toward understanding atmospheric SOA formation and aging from the \"unresolved complex mixture,\" comprising, in part, long-chain alkanes.", "date": "2012-06-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry A", "volume": "116", "number": "24", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "6211-6230", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120418-114720485", "issn": "1089-5639", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120418-114720485", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC 0006626" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1057183" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0650061" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/jp211531h", "primary_object": { "basename": "jp211531h_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bs3bq-8yz17/files/jp211531h_si_001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Yee, Lindsay D.; Craven, Jill S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a4n5b-ara06", "eprint_id": 31584, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:29:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 18:41:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Metcalf-A-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalf", "given": "A. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Ensberg-J-J", "name": { "family": "Ensberg", "given": "J. J." } }, { "id": "Brioude-J", "name": { "family": "Brioude", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Angevine-W", "name": { "family": "Angevine", "given": "W." } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Duong-Hanh-T", "name": { "family": "Duong", "given": "H. T." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Black carbon aerosol over the Los Angeles Basin during CalNex", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "CalNex; aerosol aging; black carbon; internally-mixed aerosol; urban aerosol; weekend effect", "note": "\u00a9 2012 American Geophysical Union.\n\nReceived 1 December 2011; accepted 14 March 2012; published 20 April 2012. \n\nThis work was supported by NOAA grant NA09OAR4310128. The authors wish to thank Greg Kok at DMT and Anne Perring and Joshua (Shuka) Schwarz at NOAA for their guidance on data analysis and calibration. We also acknowledge the entire CIRPAS crew for their professionalism and assistance during the campaign.\n\nPublished - Metcalf2012p18187J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf
", "abstract": "Refractory black carbon (rBC) mass and number concentrations were quantified by a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) in the CalNex 2010 field study on board the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter in the Los Angeles (LA) Basin in May, 2010. The mass concentrations of rBC in the LA Basin ranged from 0.002\u20130.530 \u03bcg m^(\u22123), with an average of 0.172 \u03bcg m^(\u22123). Lower concentrations were measured in the Basin outflow regions and above the inversion layer. The SP2 afforded a quantification of the mixing state of rBC aerosols through modeling the scattering cross-section with a core-and-shell Mie model to determine coating thickness. The rBC particles above the inversion layer were more thickly coated by a light-scattering substance than those below, indicating a more aged aerosol in the free troposphere. Near the surface, as the LA plume is advected from west to east with the sea breeze, a coating of scattering material grows on rBC particles, coincident with a clear growth of ammonium nitrate within the LA Basin and the persistence of water-soluble organic compounds as the plume travels through the outflow regions. Detailed analysis of the rBC mixing state reveals two modes of coated rBC particles; a mode with smaller rBC core diameters (\u223c90 nm) but thick (>200 nm) coating diameters and a mode with larger rBC cores (\u223c145 nm) with a thin (<75 nm) coating. The \"weekend effect\" in the LA Basin results in more thickly coated rBC particles, coinciding with more secondary formation of aerosol.", "date": "2012-04-20", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "117", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "D00V13", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120522-091301712", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120522-091301712", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA09OAR4310128" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2011JD017255", "primary_object": { "basename": "Metcalf2012p18187J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a4n5b-ara06/files/Metcalf2012p18187J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Metcalf, A. R.; Craven, J. S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f5mtx-pqf58", "eprint_id": 31797, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:27:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 21:21:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lopez-Yglesias-X", "name": { "family": "Lopez-Yglesias", "given": "Xerxes" } }, { "id": "Gamba-J-M", "name": { "family": "Gamba", "given": "Jason M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The physics of extreme sensitivity in whispering gallery mode optical biosensors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "adsorption, biosensors; optical sensors; proteins; suspensions; whispering gallery modes", "note": "\u00a9 2012 American Institute of Physics.\n\nReceived 5 January 2012; accepted 22 February 2012; published online 16 April 2012.\n\nThe authors would like to thank the Jacobs Institute for\nMolecular Engineering for Medicine at the California Institute of Technology and the NASA Astrobiology Institute\nthrough the NAI Titan team managed at JPL under NASA\nContract NAS7-03001 for the funding of this project, and the\nAyrshire Foundation for their support in making computing\nresources available.\n\nPublished - LopezYglesias2012p18385J_Appl_Phys.pdf
", "abstract": "Whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical biosensors are capable of extraordinarily sensitive specific and nonspecific detection of species suspended in a gas or fluid. Recent experimental results suggest that these devices may attain single-molecule sensitivity to protein solutions in the form of stepwise shifts in their resonance wavelength, \u03bb_R, but present sensor models predict much smaller steps than were reported. This study examines the physical interaction between a WGM sensor and a molecule adsorbed to its surface, exploring assumptions made in previous efforts to model WGM sensor behavior, and describing computational schemes that model the experiments for which single protein sensitivity was reported. The resulting model is used to simulate sensor performance, within constraints imposed by the limited material property data. On this basis, we conclude that nonlinear optical effects would be needed to attain the reported sensitivity, and that, in the experiments for which extreme sensitivity was reported, a bound protein experiences optical energy fluxes too high for such effects to be ignored.", "date": "2012-04-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Applied Physics", "volume": "111", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "084701", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120604-113054673", "issn": "0021-8979", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120604-113054673", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAS7-03001" }, { "agency": "Ayrshire Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.3698319", "primary_object": { "basename": "LopezYglesias2012p18385J_Appl_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f5mtx-pqf58/files/LopezYglesias2012p18385J_Appl_Phys.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Lopez-Yglesias, Xerxes; Gamba, Jason M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fwckn-zps12", "eprint_id": 29576, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:29:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:18:39", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Loza-Christine-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "C. L." } }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Yee-Lindsay-D", "name": { "family": "Yee", "given": "L. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8965-9319" }, { "id": "Craven-Jill-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Chemical aging of m-xylene secondary organic aerosol: laboratory chamber study", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2012 Author(s). This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.\n\nReceived: 20 August 2011; Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 7 September 2011; Revised: 8 December 2011; Accepted: 20 December 2011; Published: 3 January 2012.\n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research), US Department\nof Energy Grant DE-SC 0006626, and National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1057183. The CIMS instrument was purchased as part of a major research instrumentation grant from the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM-0619783); assembly and testing was supported by the Davidow Discovery Fund. We thank Katherine Schilling and ManNin Chan for experimental assistance and Arthur Chan for helpful discussion. We thank the reviewers for useful feedback on the discussions paper. Christine Loza, Lindsay Yee, and Jill Craven were supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships.\n\nPublished - Loza2012p17358Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
", "abstract": "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can reside in the atmosphere for a week or more. While its initial formation from the gas-phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds tends to take place in the first few hours after emission, SOA can continue to evolve chemically over its atmospheric lifetime. Simulating this chemical aging over an extended time in the laboratory has proven to be challenging. We present here a procedure for studying SOA aging in laboratory chambers that is applied to achieve 36 h of oxidation. The formation and evolution of SOA from the photooxidation of m-xylene under low-NO\u2093 conditions and in the presence of either neutral or acidic seed particles is studied. In SOA aging, increasing molecular functionalization leads to less volatile products and an increase in SOA mass, whereas gas- or particle-phase fragmentation chemistry results in more volatile products and a loss of SOA. The challenge is to discern from measured chamber variables the extent to which these processes are important for a given SOA system. In the experiments conducted, m-xylene SOA mass, calculated under the assumption of size-invariant particle composition, increased over the initial 12\u201313 h of photooxidation and decreased beyond that time, suggesting the existence of fragmentation chemistry. The oxidation of the SOA, as manifested in the O:C elemental ratio and fraction of organic ion detected at m/z 44 measured by the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer, increased continuously starting after 5 h of irradiation until the 36 h termination. This behavior is consistent with an initial period in which, as the mass of SOA increases, products of higher volatility partition to the aerosol phase, followed by an aging period in which gas- and particle-phase reaction products become increasingly more oxidized. When irradiation is stopped 12.4 h into one experiment, and OH generation ceases, minimal loss of SOA is observed, indicating that the loss of SOA is either light- or OH-induced. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry measurements of low-volatility m-xylene oxidation products exhibit behavior indicative of continuous photooxidation chemistry. A condensed chemical mechanism of m-xylene oxidation under low-NO\u2093 conditions is capable of reproducing the general behavior of gas-phase evolution observed here. Moreover, order of magnitude analysis of the mechanism suggests that gas-phase OH reaction of low volatility SOA precursors is the dominant pathway of aging in the m-xylene system although OH reaction with particle surfaces cannot be ruled out. Finally, the effect of size-dependent particle composition and size-dependent particle wall loss rates on different particle wall loss correction methods is discussed.", "date": "2012-01-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "12", "number": "1", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "151-167", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120305-121637814", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120305-121637814", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0006626" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-1057183" }, { "agency": "Davidow Discovery Fund" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-12-151-2012", "primary_object": { "basename": "Loza2012p17358Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fwckn-zps12/files/Loza2012p17358Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Loza, C. L.; Chhabra, P. S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/frdwe-anv68", "eprint_id": 29257, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:58:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:02:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gamba-J-M", "name": { "family": "Gamba", "given": "Jason M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Flow-enhanced transient response in whispering gallery mode biosensors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "biochemistry, biosensors, finite element analysis, mass transfer, molecular biophysics, optical resonators, optical sensors, whispering gallery modes", "note": "\u00a9 2011 American Institute of Physics.\n\nReceived 1 September 2011; accepted 11 November 2011; published online 21 December 2011. \n\nThis work was supported by funding from the Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine at the California Institute of Technology.\n\nPublished - Gamba2011p17097Appl_Phys_Lett.pdf
Erratum - Gamba2012p18028Appl_Phys_Lett.pdf
", "abstract": "Whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical resonator sensors are an extremely sensitive label-free technology for detecting the binding of biomolecules in solution. To better understand the fast transient response observed with these devices, we model mass transfer to spherical and toroidal WGM sensors of identical outer radius. Finite element simulations predict a 3-10 fold higher binding frequency for toroidal sensors. These results agree to within an order of magnitude with experimental data from the literature and suggest a design strategy to improve the transient response of a sensor by making the device small only in the dimension that governs boundary layer development.", "date": "2011-12-19", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "99", "number": "25", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "Art. No. 253705", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120213-110848252", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120213-110848252", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.3669698", "primary_object": { "basename": "Gamba2012p18028Appl_Phys_Lett.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/frdwe-anv68/files/Gamba2012p18028Appl_Phys_Lett.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Gamba2011p17097Appl_Phys_Lett.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/frdwe-anv68/files/Gamba2011p17097Appl_Phys_Lett.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Gamba, Jason M. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/79thq-4nf52", "eprint_id": 28524, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:10:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 17:57:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Duong-Hanh-T", "name": { "family": "Duong", "given": "Hanh T." } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "Jill S." } }, { "id": "Hersey-S-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "Scott P." } }, { "id": "Metcalf-A-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalf", "given": "Andrew R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Zhang-Xiaolu", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Xiaolu" } }, { "id": "Weber-R-J", "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rodney J." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Water-soluble organic aerosol in the Los Angeles Basin and outflow regions: Airborne and ground measurements during the 2010 CalNex field campaign", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "CalNex; WSOC; organic aerosol; urban aerosol", "note": "\u00a9 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.\n\nReceived 3 August 2011; revised 21 September 2011; accepted 25 September 2011; published 18 November 2011.\n\nThis work was supported by NOAA grant NA 09 OAR 4310128. Surface WSOC measurements were supported by the NSF under grants ATM\u20100931492 and ATM\u20100802237.\n\nPublished - Duong2011p16507J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf
Supplemental Material - FigureS1.pdf
", "abstract": "A particle-into-liquid sampler coupled to a total organic carbon analyzer (PILS-TOC) quantified particulate water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) mass concentrations during the May 2010 deployment of the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter in the CalNex field study. WSOC data collected during 16 flights provide the first spatiotemporal maps of WSOC in the San Joaquin Valley, Los Angeles Basin, and outflow regions of the Basin. WSOC was consistently higher in concentration within the Los Angeles Basin, where sea breeze transport and Basin topography strongly influence the spatial distribution of WSOC. The highest WSOC levels were associated with fire plumes, highlighting the importance of both primary and secondary sources for WSOC in the region. Residual pollution layers enriched with WSOC are observed aloft up to an altitude of 3.2 km and the highest WSOC levels for each flight were typically observed above 500 m. Simultaneous ground WSOC measurements during aircraft overpasses in Pasadena and Riverside typically exhibit lower levels, especially when relative humidity (RH) was higher aloft suggestive of the influence of aerosol-phase water. This points to the underestimation of the radiative effects of WSOC when using only surface measurements. Reduced aerosol-phase water in the eastern desert outflow region likely promotes the re-partitioning of WSOC to the gas phase and suppression of processes to produce these species (partitioning, multiphase chemistry, photolytic production); as a result, WSOC is reduced relative to sulfate (but not as much as nitrate) as aerosol is advected from the Basin to the outflows.", "date": "2011-11-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "116", "number": "D21", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D00V04", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20111219-141325461", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111219-141325461", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA 09 OAR 4310128" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0931492" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0802237" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2011JD016674", "primary_object": { "basename": "Duong2011p16507J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/79thq-4nf52/files/Duong2011p16507J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "FigureS1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/79thq-4nf52/files/FigureS1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Duong, Hanh T.; Sorooshian, Armin; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/93e0t-00034", "eprint_id": 27177, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:53:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 16:56:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Canagaratna-Manjula-R", "name": { "family": "Canagaratna", "given": "M. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8803-4007" }, { "id": "Corrigan-A-L", "name": { "family": "Corrigan", "given": "A. L." } }, { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "L. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Worsnop-Douglas-R", "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "D. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Elemental composition and oxidation of chamber organic aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2011 Author(s). This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 21 March 2011. Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 30 March 2011. Revised: 15 August 2011. Accepted: 24 August 2011. Published: 1 September 2011. \n\nThis work was supported by the US Department\nof Energy Biological and Environmental Research grant\nDE-FG02-05ER63983, US Environmental Protection Agency\nSTAR grant RD-83374901, and US NSF grant ATM-0432377. It\nhas not been formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products in this publication. The authors would like to thank Christine Loza for SOA yield analysis and Man Nin Chan, Lindsay Yee, and Katherine Schilling for guaiacol filter analysis. The authors would also like to thank Satoshi Takahama for helpful\ndiscussions on FTIR analysis. Edited by: G. McFiggans\n\nPublished - Chhabra2011p16004Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-11-8827-2011-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "Recently, graphical representations of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) spectra and elemental composition have been developed to explain the oxidative and aging processes of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). It has been shown previously that oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) components from ambient and laboratory data fall within a triangular region in the f\u2084\u2084 vs. f\u2084\u2083 space, where f\u2084\u2084 and f\u2084\u2083 are the ratios of the organic signal at m/z 44 and 43 to the total organic signal in AMS spectra, respectively; we refer to this graphical representation as the \"triangle plot.\" Alternatively, the Van Krevelen diagram has been used to describe the evolution of functional groups in SOA. In this study we investigate the variability of SOA formed in chamber experiments from twelve different precursors in both \"triangle plot\" and Van Krevelen domains. Spectral and elemental data from the high-resolution Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer are compared to offline species identification analysis and FTIR filter analysis to better understand the changes in functional and elemental composition inherent in SOA formation and aging. We find that SOA formed under high- and low-NO\u2093 conditions occupy similar areas in the \"triangle plot\" and Van Krevelen diagram and that SOA generated from already oxidized precursors allows for the exploration of areas higher on the \"triangle plot\" not easily accessible with non-oxidized precursors. As SOA ages, it migrates toward the top of the triangle along a path largely dependent on the precursor identity, which suggests increasing organic acid content and decreasing mass spectral variability. The most oxidized SOA come from the photooxidation of methoxyphenol precursors which yielded SOA O/C ratios near unity. \u03b1-pinene ozonolysis and naphthalene photooxidation SOA systems have had the highest degree of mass closure in previous chemical characterization studies and also show the best agreement between AMS elemental composition measurements and elemental composition of identified species within the uncertainty of the AMS elemental analysis. In general, compared to their respective unsaturated SOA precursors, the elemental composition of chamber SOA follows a slope shallower than \u22121 on the Van Krevelen diagram, which is indicative of oxidation of the precursor without substantial losss of hydrogen, likely due to the unsaturated nature of the precursors. From the spectra of SOA studied here, we are able to reproduce the triangular region originally constructed with ambient OOA compents with chamber aerosol showing that SOA becomes more chemically similar as it ages. Ambient data in the middle of the triangle represent the ensemble average of many different SOA precursors, ages, and oxidative processes.", "date": "2011-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "11", "number": "17", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "8827-8845", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20111012-084703073", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111012-084703073", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83374901" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0432377" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-11-8827-2011", "primary_object": { "basename": "Chhabra2011p16004Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/93e0t-00034/files/Chhabra2011p16004Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-11-8827-2011-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/93e0t-00034/files/acp-11-8827-2011-supplement.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Chhabra, P. S.; Ng, N. L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tamge-sz124", "eprint_id": 25275, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:48:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:45:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kirkby-J", "name": { "family": "Kirkby", "given": "Jasper" } }, { "id": "Downard-A-J", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "Andrew" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Climate science", "note": "\u00a9 2011 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. \n\nReceived: 09 September 2010; Accepted: 24 June 2011; Published online: 24 August 2011.\n\nWe thank CERN for supporting CLOUD with important technical\nand financial resources, and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton\nSynchrotron. We also thank J.-L. Agostini, S. Atieh, J. Baechler, D. Bloess, G. Bowden,\nA. Braem, T. Callamand, A. Castel, L.-P. De Menezes, G. Favre, L. Ferreira, L. Gatignon,\nD. Gregorio, M. Guinchard, E. Ivanova, F. Josa, I. Krasin, R. Kristic, A. Kuzmin,\nO. Maksumov, S. Mizin, R. Richter, R. Sitals, A. Vacca, R. Veenhof, A. Wasem and\nM. Wilhelmsson for their contributions to the experiment. This research has received\nfunding from the EC Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no.\n215072 (Marie Curie Initial Training Network, 'CLOUD-ITN') and ERC-Advanced Grant\n'ATMNUCLE' no. 227463, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research\n(project no. 01LK0902A), the Swiss National Science Foundation (project nos\n206621_125025 and 206620_130527), the Academy of Finland Center of Excellence\nprogram (project no. 1118615), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; project nos P19546\nand L593), and the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Foundation for Basic\nResearch (grant N08-02-91006-CERN).\n\nAuthor Contributions: J.A. performed the nucleation rate analysis. S.S. conducted the\nAPi-TOF analysis. J.A., F.B., M.B., A. Downard, E.D., J. Duplissy, S.E., A.F., S.G., D.H., L.I.,\nW.J., J.K., F.K., A. Ku\u00a8 rten, A. Kupc, K.L., V.M., A.M., T.N., F.R., L.R., R.S., S.S., Y.S., G.T. and\nD.W. conducted the data collection and analysis. J.A., K.S.C., J.C., E.D., S.E., L.I., E.R.L. and\nF.S. performed the modelling. J.K. wrote the manuscript. U.B., K.S.C., J.C., J.K., M.K.,\nJ.H.S. and D.R.W. did data interpretation and editing of the manuscript. All authors\ncontributed to the development of the CLOUD facility and analysis instruments, and\ncommented on the manuscript.\n\nSupplemental Material - nature10343-s1.pdf
", "abstract": "Atmospheric aerosols exert an important influence on climate through their effects on stratiform cloud albedo and lifetime and the invigoration of convective storms. Model calculations suggest that almost half of the global cloud condensation nuclei in the atmospheric boundary layer may originate from the nucleation of aerosols from trace condensable vapours, although the sensitivity of the number of cloud condensation nuclei to changes of nucleation rate may be small. Despite extensive research, fundamental questions remain about the nucleation rate of sulphuric acid particles and the mechanisms responsible, including the roles of galactic cosmic rays and other chemical species such as ammonia. Here we present the first results from the CLOUD experiment at CERN. We find that atmospherically relevant ammonia mixing ratios of 100 parts per trillion by volume, or less, increase the nucleation rate of sulphuric acid particles more than 100\u20131,000-fold. Time-resolved molecular measurements reveal that nucleation proceeds by a base-stabilization mechanism involving the stepwise accretion of ammonia molecules. Ions increase the nucleation rate by an additional factor of between two and more than ten at ground-level galactic-cosmic-ray intensities, provided that the nucleation rate lies below the limiting ion-pair production rate. We find that ion-induced binary nucleation of H_(2)SO_(4)\u2013H_(2)O can occur in the mid-troposphere but is negligible in the boundary layer. However, even with the large enhancements in rate due to ammonia and ions, atmospheric concentrations of ammonia and sulphuric acid are insufficient to account for observed boundary-layer nucleation.", "date": "2011-08-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "476", "number": "7361", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "429-433", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110909-121933949", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110909-121933949", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Marie Curie Fellowship", "grant_number": "215072" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "227463" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)", "grant_number": "01LK0902A" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206621_125025" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)", "grant_number": "206620_130527" }, { "agency": "Academyof Finland", "grant_number": "1118615" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "P19546" }, { "agency": "FWF Der Wissenschaftsfonds", "grant_number": "L593" }, { "agency": "Russian Academy of Sciences" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research", "grant_number": "N08-02-91006-CERN" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nature10343", "primary_object": { "basename": "nature10343-s1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tamge-sz124/files/nature10343-s1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Kirkby, Jasper; Downard, Andrew; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g3nnm-zq523", "eprint_id": 25232, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:45:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:43:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Morales-R", "name": { "family": "Morales", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Evaluation of an entraining droplet activation parameterization using in situ cloud data", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "cloud, droplet, entrainment, evaluation, in situ data, parameterization.", "note": "\u00a9 2011 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 13 November 2010; revised 28 April 2011; accepted 17 May 2011; published 10 August 2011. \n\nWe acknowledge support from NASA-ACMAP, NSF\u2010CAREER, and ONR (grant N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100200). We also thank Donifan Barahona, Jeff Snider, and two anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the manuscript.\n\nPublished - Morales2011p15662J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd16984-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd16984-sup-0002-t02.txt
", "abstract": "This study investigates the ability of a droplet activation parameterization (which considers the effects of entrainment and mixing) to reproduce observed cloud droplet\nnumber concentration (CDNC) in ambient clouds. Predictions of the parameterization are compared against cloud averages of CDNC from ambient cumulus and stratocumulus clouds sampled during CRYSTAL\u2010FACE (Key West, Florida, July 2002) and CSTRIPE (Monterey, California, July 2003), respectively. The entrainment parameters required by the\nparameterization are derived from the observed liquid water content profiles. For the cumulus clouds considered in the study, CDNC is overpredicted by 45% with the adiabatic\nparameterization. When entrainment is accounted for, the predicted CDNC agrees within 3.5%. Cloud\u2010averaged CDNC for stratocumulus clouds is well captured when entrainment is\nnot considered. In all cases considered, the entraining parameterization compared favorably against a statistical correlation developed from observations to treat entrainment effects on droplet number. These results suggest that including entrainment effects in the calculation of CDNC, as presented here, could address important overprediction biases associated with using adiabatic CDNC to represent cloud\u2010scale average values.", "date": "2011-08-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "116", "number": "D15", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D15205", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110906-114648003", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110906-114648003", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0200" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2010JD015324", "primary_object": { "basename": "Morales2011p15662J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g3nnm-zq523/files/Morales2011p15662J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd16984-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g3nnm-zq523/files/jgrd16984-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd16984-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g3nnm-zq523/files/jgrd16984-sup-0002-t02.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Morales, R.; Nenes, A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bm13e-7c783", "eprint_id": 25409, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:45:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:51:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wonasch\u00fctz-A", "name": { "family": "Wonasch\u00fctz", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Hersey-S-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "S. P." } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Metcalf-A-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalf", "given": "A. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Impact of a large wildfire on water-soluble organic aerosol in a major urban area: the 2009 Station Fire in Los Angeles County", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2011 Author(s). This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 13 April 2011. Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 27 April 2011. Revised: 24 June 2011. Accepted: 2 August 2011. Published: 15 August 2011. \n\nThis work was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute. The authors gratefully acknowledge\nthe NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for provision of the\nHYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. We thank the governmental agencies, commercial firms, and educational institutions participating in MesoWest for providing the meteorological station data and the California EPA Air Resources Board for the access to the measurements of gaseous pollutants. We also acknowledge NASA for the production of the data used in this research effort. Edited by: A. Nenes\n\nPublished - Wonaschuetz2011p15838Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-11-8257-2011-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "This study examines the nature of water-soluble organic aerosol measured in Pasadena, CA, under typical conditions and under the influence of a large wildfire (the 2009 Station Fire). During non-fire periods, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) variability was driven by photochemical production processes and sea breeze transport, resulting in an average diurnal cycle with a maximum at 15:00 local time (up to 4.9 \u03bcg C m^(\u22123)). During the Station Fire, primary production was a key formation mechanism for WSOC. High concentrations of WSOC (up to 41 \u03bcg C m^(\u22123)) in smoke plumes advected to the site in the morning hours were tightly correlated with nitrate and chloride, numerous aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) organic mass spectral markers, and total non-refractory organic mass. Processed residual smoke was transported to the measurement site by the sea breeze later in the day, leading to higher afternoon WSOC levels than on non-fire days. Parameters representing higher degrees of oxidation of organics, including the ratios of the organic metrics m/z 44:m/z 57 and m/z 44:m/z 43, were elevated in those air masses. Intercomparisons of relative amounts of WSOC, organics, m/z 44, and m/z 43 show that the fraction of WSOC comprising acid-oxygenates increased as a function of photochemical aging owing to the conversion of aliphatic and non-acid oxygenated organics to more acid-like organics. The contribution of water-soluble organic species to the organic mass budget (10th\u201390th percentile values) ranged between 27 %\u201372 % and 27 %\u201368 % during fire and non-fire periods, respectively. The seasonal incidence of wildfires in the Los Angeles Basin greatly enhances the importance of water-soluble organics, which has implications for the radiative and hygroscopic properties of the regional aerosol.", "date": "2011-08-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "11", "number": "16", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "8257-8270", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110922-143220228", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110922-143220228", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-11-8257-2011", "primary_object": { "basename": "Wonaschuetz2011p15838Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bm13e-7c783/files/Wonaschuetz2011p15838Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-11-8257-2011-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bm13e-7c783/files/acp-11-8257-2011-supplement.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Wonasch\u00fctz, A.; Hersey, S. P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e9cd9-yg775", "eprint_id": 25236, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:40:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:43:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hersey-S-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "S. P." } }, { "id": "Craven-J-S", "name": { "family": "Craven", "given": "J. S." } }, { "id": "Schilling-K-A", "name": { "family": "Schilling", "given": "K. A." } }, { "id": "Metcalf-A-R", "name": { "family": "Metcalf", "given": "A. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0385-1356" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Chan-Man-Nin", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "M. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2384-2695" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The Pasadena Aerosol Characterization Observatory (PACO): chemical and physical analysis of the Western Los Angeles basin aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2011 Author(s). Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 3 February 2011. Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 18 February 2011. Revised: 16 June 2011. Accepted: 25 June 2011. Published: 1 August 2011. \n\nFunding was provided by the Electric Power Research Institute. The authors would like to thank Jason Surratt for his helpful comments and direction. We would also like to thank Eric Edgerton and the SEARCH network for guidance on high-volume filter sampling and for the use of a sampler during PACO.\nEdited by: M. C. Facchini\n\nPublished - Hersey2011p15671Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
", "abstract": "The Pasadena Aerosol Characterization Observatory (PACO) represents the first major aerosol characterization experiment centered in the Western/Central Los Angeles Basin. The sampling site, located on the campus of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, was positioned to sample a continuous afternoon influx of transported urban aerosol with a photochemical age of 1\u20132 h and generally free from major local contributions. Sampling spanned 5 months during the summer of 2009, which were broken into 3 regimes on the basis of distinct meteorological conditions. Regime I was characterized by a series of low pressure systems, resulting in high humidity and rainy periods with clean conditions. Regime II typified early summer meteorology, with significant morning marine layers and warm, sunny afternoons. Regime III was characterized by hot, dry conditions with little marine layer influence. Regardless of regime, organic aerosol (OA) is the most significant constituent of nonrefractory submicron Los Angeles aerosol (42, 43, and 55 % of total submicron mass in regimes I, II, and III, respectively). The overall oxidation state remains relatively constant on timescales of days to weeks (O:C = 0.44 \u00b1 0.08, 0.55 \u00b1 0.05, and 0.48 \u00b1 0.08 during regimes I, II, and III, respectively), with no difference in O:C between morning and afternoon periods. Periods characterized by significant morning marine layer influence followed by photochemically favorable afternoons displayed significantly higher aerosol mass and O:C ratio, suggesting that aqueous processes may be important in the generation of secondary aerosol and oxidized organic aerosol (OOA) in Los Angeles. Online analysis of water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) indicates that water soluble organic mass (WSOM) reaches maxima near 14:00\u201315:00 local time (LT), but the percentage of AMS organic mass contributed by WSOM remains relatively constant throughout the day. Sulfate and nitrate reside predominantly in accumulation mode aerosol, while afternoon SOA production coincides with the appearance of a distinct fine mode dominated by organics. Particulate NH_4NO_3 and (NH_4)_2SO_4 appear to be NH_3-limited in regimes I and II, but a significant excess of particulate NH_4^+ in the hot, dry regime III suggests less SO_4^(2\u2212) and the presence of either organic amines or NH_4^+-associated organic acids. C-ToF-AMS data were analyzed by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), which resolved three factors, corresponding to a hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), semivolatile OOA (SV-OOA), and low-volatility OOA (LV-OOA). HOA appears to be a periodic plume source, while SV-OOA exhibits a strong diurnal pattern correlating with ozone. Peaks in SV-OOA concentration correspond to peaks in DMA number concentration and the appearance of a fine organic mode. LV-OOA appears to be an aged accumulation mode constituent that may be associated with aqueous-phase processing, correlating strongly with sulfate and representing the dominant background organic component. Periods characterized by high SV-OOA and LV-OOA were analyzed by filter analysis, revealing a complex mixture of species during periods dominated by SV-OOA and LV-OOA, with LV-OOA periods characterized by shorter-chain dicarboxylic acids (higher O:C ratio), as well as appreciable amounts of nitrate- and sulfate-substituted organics. Phthalic acid was ubiquitous in filter samples, suggesting that PAH photochemistry may be an important SOA pathway in Los Angeles. Aerosol composition was related to water uptake characteristics, and it is concluded that hygroscopicity is largely controlled by organic mass fraction (OMF). The hygroscopicity parameter \u03ba averaged 0.31 \u00b1 0.08, approaching 0.5 at low OMF and 0.1 at high OMF, with increasing OMF suppressing hygroscopic growth and increasing critical dry diameter for CCN activation (D_d). An experiment-averaged \u03ba_(org) of 0.14 was calculated, indicating that the highly-oxidized organic fraction of aerosol in Los Angeles is appreciably more hygroscopic than previously reported in urban areas. Finally, PACO will provide context for results forthcoming from the CalNex field campaign, which involved ground sampling in Pasadena during the spring and summer of 2010.", "date": "2011-08-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "11", "number": "15", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "7417-7443", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110906-153541149", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110906-153541149", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-11-7417-2011", "primary_object": { "basename": "Hersey2011p15671Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e9cd9-yg775/files/Hersey2011p15671Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Hersey, S. P.; Craven, J. S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k8bvt-rd243", "eprint_id": 23035, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:53:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:50:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Downard-A-J", "name": { "family": "Downard", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Dama-J-F", "name": { "family": "Dama", "given": "James F." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "An Asymptotic Analysis of Differential Electrical Mobility Classifiers", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2011 American Association for Aerosol Research. Received 2 July 2010; accepted 20 January 2011. The authors gratefully acknowledge many helpful discussions with\nKen Pickar. This work has been supported by the Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine.", "abstract": "An asymptotic analysis of balanced flow operations of differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) and a new class of instruments that includes opposed migration aerosol classifiers (OMACs) and inclined grid mobility analyzers (IGMAs) provides new insights into the similarities and differences between the devices. The characteristic\nscalings of different instruments found from minimal models\nare shown to relate the resolving powers, dynamic ranges, and efficiencies of most such devices. The resolving powers of all of the instruments in the nondiffusive regime of high voltage classifications, R_(nd), is determined by the ratio of the flow rate of the separation gas (sheath or crossflow) to that of the aerosol. At lowvoltage,when diffusion degrades the classification, the OMAC and the IGMA share an R_(nd) factor advantage in dynamic range of mobilities over the DMA, although the OMAC also suffers greater losses because diffusion immediately deposits particles onto its porous electrodes. On the basis of this analysis, a single master operating diagram is proposed\nfor DMAs, OMACs, and IGMAs. Analysis of this operating\ndiagram and its consequences for the design of differential electrical mobility classifiers suggests that OMACs and IGMAs also have advantages over DMAs in design flexibility and miniaturization. Most importantly, OMACs and IGMAs may outperform DMAs for the currently difficult classification of particles with diameters less than 10 nm. On the other hand, DMAs are more amenable to voltage scanning-mode operation to enable accelerated size distribution\nmeasurements, whereas it is most convenient to operate\nOMACs and IGMAs in voltage stepping-mode operation.", "date": "2011-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "45", "number": "6", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "717-729", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110322-091238133", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110322-091238133", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2011.558136", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Downard, Andrew J.; Dama, James F.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jejcn-y8k79", "eprint_id": 23596, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:30:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:47:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lu-Tao", "name": { "family": "Lu", "given": "Tao" } }, { "id": "Lee-Hansuek", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Hansuek" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0748-7662" }, { "id": "Chen-Tong", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Tong" } }, { "id": "Herchak-S", "name": { "family": "Herchak", "given": "Steven" } }, { "id": "Kim-Ji-Hun", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Ji-Hun" } }, { "id": "Fraser-S-E", "name": { "family": "Fraser", "given": "Scott E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5377-0223" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" } ] }, "title": "High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "biosensor; nanodetector; optical microcavity", "note": "\u00a9 2011 National Academy of Sciences. Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. \n\nEdited by Amnon Yariv, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and approved February 25, 2011 (received for review December 3, 2010). Published online before print March 28, 2011. \n\nFig. 1 was prepared by Benjamin Taylor and Xuan Du at\nDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria.\nThe work was supported in part by Defense Advanced Research Planning\nAgency and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada). Author contributions: T.L. and K.V. designed research; T.L., H.L., and K.V. performed\nresearch; J.-H.K. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; T.L., H.L., T.C., S.E.F., R.C.F.,\nand K.V. contributed conceptual ideas; T.L., H.L., T.C., S.H., and K.V. analyzed data; and\nT.L., H.L., T.C., S.H., J.-H.K., S.E.F., R.C.F., and K.V. wrote the paper.\n\nPublished - Lu2011p13714P_Natl_Acad_Sci_Usa.pdf
", "abstract": "We demonstrate a highly sensitive nanoparticle and virus detection method by using a thermal-stabilized reference interferometer in conjunction with an ultrahigh-Q microcavity. Sensitivity is sufficient to resolve shifts caused by binding of individual nanobeads in solution down to a record radius of 12.5 nm, a size approaching that of single protein molecules. A histogram of wavelength shift versus nanoparticle radius shows that particle size can be inferred from shift maxima. Additionally, the signal-to-noise ratio for detection of Influenza A virus is enhanced to 38:1 from the previously reported 3:1. The method does not use feedback stabilization of the probe laser. It is also observed that the conjunction of particle-induced backscatter and optical-path-induced shifts can be used to enhance detection signal-to-noise.", "date": "2011-04-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "108", "number": "15", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "5976-5979", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110509-094316947", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110509-094316947", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1017962108", "pmcid": "PMC3076881", "primary_object": { "basename": "Lu2011p13714P_Natl_Acad_Sci_Usa.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jejcn-y8k79/files/Lu2011p13714P_Natl_Acad_Sci_Usa.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Lu, Tao; Lee, Hansuek; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5fdp6-f7920", "eprint_id": 22560, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:59:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:00:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jiang-Jingkun", "name": { "family": "Jiang", "given": "Jingkun" } }, { "id": "Attoui-Michel", "name": { "family": "Attoui", "given": "Michel" } }, { "id": "Heim-Michael", "name": { "family": "Heim", "given": "Michael" } }, { "id": "Brunelli-Nicholas-A", "name": { "family": "Brunelli", "given": "Nicholas A." } }, { "id": "McMurry-Peter-H", "name": { "family": "McMurry", "given": "Peter H." } }, { "id": "Kasper-Gerhard", "name": { "family": "Kasper", "given": "Gerhard" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Giapis-K-P", "name": { "family": "Giapis", "given": "Konstantinos" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7393-298X" }, { "id": "Mouret-Guillaume", "name": { "family": "Mouret", "given": "Guillaume" } } ] }, "title": "Transfer Functions and Penetrations of Five Differential Mobility Analyzers for Sub-2 nm Particle Classification", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2011 American Association for Aerosol Research.\nReceived 11 May 2010; accepted 4 August 2010.\nThis work was partially supported by a grant from the US NSF\n(ATM-0506674) and US DOE (DE-FG-02-05ER63997). JJ thanks Dr.\nKenjiro Iida for his help on the data inversion program. A NSF graduate\nfellowship to NAB is gratefully acknowledged. We thank the two\nanonymous reviewers for helping to improve the clarity of our article.\n\nPublished - Jiang2011p12770Aerosol_Sci_Tech.pdf
Published - supplementalinformationzip.zip
", "abstract": "The transfer functions and penetrations of five differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) for sub-2 nm particle classification were evaluated in this study. These DMAs include the TSI nanoDMA, the Caltech radial DMA (RDMA) and nanoRDMA, the Grimm nanoDMA, and the Karlsruhe-Vienna DMA. Measurements were done using tetra-alkyl ammonium ion standards with mobility diameters of 1.16, 1.47, and 1.70 nm. These monomobile ions were generated by electrospray followed by high resolution mobility classification. Measurements were focused at an aerosol-to-sheath flow ratio of 0.1. A data inversion routine was developed to obtain the true transfer function for each test DMA, and these measured transfer functions were compared with theory. DMA penetration efficiencies were also measured. An approximate model for diffusional deposition, based on the modified Gormley and Kennedy equation using an effective length, is given for each test DMA. These results quantitatively characterize the performance of the test DMAs in classifying sub-2 nm particles and can be readily used for DMA data inversion.", "date": "2011-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "45", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "480-492", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110301-080702422", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110301-080702422", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0506674" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG-02-05ER63997" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786826.2010.546819", "primary_object": { "basename": "Jiang2011p12770Aerosol_Sci_Tech.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5fdp6-f7920/files/Jiang2011p12770Aerosol_Sci_Tech.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "supplementalinformationzip.zip", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5fdp6-f7920/files/supplementalinformationzip.zip" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Jiang, Jingkun; Attoui, Michel; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7xzyr-19f45", "eprint_id": 23231, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:10:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 18:05:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pan-Yong-Le", "name": { "family": "Pan", "given": "Yong-Le" } }, { "id": "Hill-S-C", "name": { "family": "Hill", "given": "Steven C." } }, { "id": "Pinnick-R-G", "name": { "family": "Pinnick", "given": "Ronald G." } }, { "id": "House-J-M", "name": { "family": "House", "given": "James M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Chang-Richard-K", "name": { "family": "Chang", "given": "Richard K." } } ] }, "title": "Dual-excitation-wavelength fluorescence spectra and elastic scattering for differentiation of single airborne pollen and fungal particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Real-time classification; Pollen; Fungal; Two-excitation-wavelength; Fluorescence spectra; Elastic scattering", "note": "\u00a9 2010 Elsevier Ltd. Received 20 August 2010; revised 10 December 2010; accepted 17 December 2010. Available online 8 January 2011. This research was supported by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory mission funds.", "abstract": "Fluorescence spectra of aerosolized pollen (12 species or subspecies) and fungal (4 species) samples measured using a Dual-excitation-wavelength Particle Fluorescence Spectrometer (DPFS) are reported. The DPFS records two fluorescence spectra and two elastic scattering intensities from single airborne particles as they flow through an optical cell. Each particle is illuminated sequentially, first with a pulse from a 263-nm wavelength laser, followed by a second pulse from a 351-nm laser. The two dispersed\nfluorescence spectra (from 280 nme700 nm) and elastic scattering intensities are measured by a single\n32-anode photomultiplier tube. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the spectra is used to examine differences in the spectra. Plots of several principal components show that samples of pollens and fungal materials can largely be differentiated. These preliminary results suggest that fluorescence spectra and elastic scattering may be useful for real-time discrimination among a variety of airborne pollens, fungal materials, and other airborne particles.", "date": "2011-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment", "volume": "45", "number": "8", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1555-1563", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110404-100259641", "issn": "1352-2310", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110404-100259641", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Army Research Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.12.042", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Pan, Yong-Le; Hill, Steven C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gzf8z-yxc33", "eprint_id": 21190, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:20:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:49:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Murphy-S-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Shane M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Hersey-S-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "Scott" } }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Constraining the contribution of organic acids and AMS m/z 44 to the organic aerosol budget: On the importance of meteorology, aerosol hygroscopicity, and region", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "organic aerosol; organic acid; m/z 44; cloud; hygroscopicity; oxalate", "note": "\u00a9 2010 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 8 August 2010; revised 14 September 2010; accepted 21 September 2010; published 4 November 2010. \n\nAS acknowledges support from an Office of Naval Research YIP award (N00014\u201010\u20101\u20100811). SMM acknowledges a NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship and a NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship. The aircraft measurements were supported by NOAA grant NA06OAR4310082, ONR grant N00014\u201004\u20101\u20100118, and NSF grant ATM\u20100340832. The authors acknowledge Barbara Ervens for helpful discussions.\n\nPublished - Sorooshian2010p12033Geophys_Res_Lett.pdf
", "abstract": "Airborne measurements in regions of varying meteorology and pollution are used to quantify the contribution of organic acids and a mass spectral marker for oxygenated aerosols, m/z 44, to the total organic aerosol budget. Organic acids and m/z 44 separately are shown to exhibit their highest organic mass fractions in the vicinity of clouds. The contribution of such oxygenated species is shown to increase as a function of relative humidity, aerosol hygroscopicity (and decreasing organic mass fraction), and is typically greater off the California coast versus the continental atmospheres studied. Reasons include more efficient chemistry and partitioning of organic acid precursors with increasing water in the reaction medium, and high aqueous-phase processing times in boundary layers with higher cloud volume fractions. These results highlight the importance of secondary organic aerosol formation in both wet aerosols and cloud droplets.", "date": "2010-11-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geophysical Research Letters", "volume": "37", "number": "21", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. L21807", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20101206-120501313", "issn": "0094-8276", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20101206-120501313", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-10-1-0811" }, { "agency": "NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship" }, { "agency": "National Research Council of Canada" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA06OAR4310082" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0340832" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2010GL044951", "primary_object": { "basename": "Sorooshian2010p12033Geophys_Res_Lett.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gzf8z-yxc33/files/Sorooshian2010p12033Geophys_Res_Lett.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Murphy, Shane M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pdk4n-mep40", "eprint_id": 19974, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:27:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:05:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "A. W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Chan-Man-Nin", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "M. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2384-2695" }, { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Loza-Christine-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "C. L." } }, { "id": "Crounse-John-D", "name": { "family": "Crounse", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5443-729X" }, { "id": "Yee-Lindsay-D", "name": { "family": "Yee", "given": "L. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8965-9319" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "P. O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Role of aldehyde chemistry and NO_x concentrations in secondary organic aerosol formation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed\nunder the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.\nReceived: 7 April 2010 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 19 April 2010.\nRevised: 13 July 2010 \u2013 Accepted: 16 July 2010 \u2013 Published: 4 August 2010.\n\nThis research was funded by US Department\nof Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program\nDE-FG02-05ER63983, US Environmental Protection Agency\nSTAR grant RD-83374901, US National Science Foundation grant\nATM-0432377, and the Electric Power Research Institute. This\npublication has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views\nexpressed in this document are solely those of the authors and EPA\ndoes not endorse any products mentioned in this publication. The\nauthors would like to thank K. E. Kautzman and A. J. Kwan for\nexperimental assistance, and F. Paulot for helpful discussion.\nEdited by: M. Gysel.\n\nPublished - Chan2010p11330Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-10-7169-2010-supplement_1_.pdf
", "abstract": "Aldehydes are an important class of products from atmospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons. Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene), the most abundantly emitted atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon, produces a significant amount of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) via methacrolein (a C_4-unsaturated aldehyde) under urban high-NO_x conditions. Previously, we have identified peroxy methacryloyl nitrate (MPAN) as the important intermediate to isoprene and methacrolein SOA in this NO_x regime. Here we show that as a result of this chemistry, NO_2 enhances SOA formation from methacrolein and two other \u03b1, \u03b2-unsaturated aldehydes, specifically acrolein and crotonaldehyde, a NO_x effect on SOA formation previously unrecognized. Oligoesters of dihydroxycarboxylic acids and hydroxynitrooxycarboxylic acids are observed to increase with increasing NO_2/NO ratio, and previous characterizations are confirmed by both online and offline high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques. Molecular structure also determines the amount of SOA formation, as the SOA mass yields are the highest for aldehydes that are \u03b1, \u03b2-unsaturated and contain an additional methyl group on the \u03b1-carbon. Aerosol formation from 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO232) is insignificant, even under high-NO_2 conditions, as PAN (peroxy acyl nitrate, RC(O)OONO_2) formation is structurally unfavorable. At atmospherically relevant NO_2/NO ratios (3\u20138), the SOA yields from isoprene high-NO_x photooxidation are 3 times greater than previously measured at lower NO_2/NO ratios. At sufficiently high NO_2 concentrations, in systems of \u03b1, \u03b2-unsaturated aldehydes, SOA formation from subsequent oxidation of products from acyl peroxyl radicals+NO_2 can exceed that from RO_2+HO_2 reactions under the same inorganic seed conditions, making RO_2+NO_2 an important channel for SOA formation.", "date": "2010-08-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "10", "number": "15", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "7169-7188", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100915-133230350", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100915-133230350", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83374901" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0432377" }, { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-10-7169-2010", "primary_object": { "basename": "Chan2010p11330Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pdk4n-mep40/files/Chan2010p11330Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-10-7169-2010-supplement_1_.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pdk4n-mep40/files/acp-10-7169-2010-supplement_1_.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Chan, A. W. H.; Chan, M. N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jf9hf-61443", "eprint_id": 19102, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:06:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:21:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Loza-C-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "Christine L." } }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Arthur W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Galloway-M-M", "name": { "family": "Galloway", "given": "Melissa M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8518-1888" }, { "id": "Keutsch-F-N", "name": { "family": "Keutsch", "given": "Frank N." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Characterization of Vapor Wall Loss in Laboratory Chambers", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2010 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived March 5, 2010. Revised manuscript received May\n21, 2010. Accepted May 25, 2010. Publication Date (Web): June 7, 2010. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Science (Biological\nand Environmental Research), Electric Power Research Institute,\nU.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-05ER63983,\nand U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) STAR agreement RD-833749. The CIMS instrument was purchased as part of a major research instrumentation grant from the National\nScience Foundation (Grant ATM-0619783); assembly and testing was supported by the Davidow Discovery Fund. Development of the Madison-LIP instrument was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM-0724912) and a Dreyfus New Faculty award. We thank John D. Crounse and Nathan C. Eddingsaas for synthesizing and characterizing (with H NMR) the BEPOX. Christine Loza was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.", "abstract": "Laboratory chambers used to study atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation are subject to wall loss of vapors and particles that must be accounted for in calculating aerosol yields. While particle wall loss in chambers is relatively well-understood and routinely accounted for, that of vapor is less so. Here we address experimental measurement and modeling of vapor losses in environmental chambers. We identify two compounds that exhibit wall loss: 2,3-epoxy-1,4-butanediol (BEPOX), an analog of an important isoprene oxidation product; and glyoxal, a common volatile organic compound oxidation product. Dilution experiments show that BEPOX wall loss is irreversible on short time scales but is reversible on long time scales, and glyoxal wall loss is reversible for all time scales. BEPOX exhibits minimal uptake onto clean chamber walls under dry conditions, with increasing rates of uptake over the life of an in-use chamber. By performing periodic BEPOX wall loss experiments, it is possible to assess quantitatively the aging of chamber walls.", "date": "2010-07-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "44", "number": "13", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "5074-5078", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100719-104821305", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100719-104821305", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-833749" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0619783" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0724912" }, { "agency": "Davidow Discovery Fund" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es100727v", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Loza, Christine L.; Chan, Arthur W. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1yehe-am169", "eprint_id": 18514, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 02:30:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 16:28:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Elemental analysis of chamber organic aerosol using an Aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2010. \nThis work is distributed\nunder the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.\nReceived: 3 December 2009. Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 21 December 2009. Revised: 1 April 2010. Accepted: 26 April 2010 \u2013 Published: 3 May 2010.\nThis work was supported by the US Department\nof Energy Biological and Environmental Research grant DEFG02-\n05ER63983, US Environmental Protection Agency STAR\ngrant RD-83374901, and US NSF grant ATM-0432377. It has not\nbeen formally reviewed by EPA. The views expressed in this document\nare solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse\nany products in this publication. The authors would like to thank\nArthur Chan, Jason Surratt and Nga Lee Ng for helpful discussions\nand Man Nin Chan for analysis of filter samples. Edited by: J.-L. Jimenez\n\nPublished - Chhabra2010p10171Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
Supplemental Material - acp-10-4111-2010-supplement.pdf
", "abstract": "The elemental composition of laboratory chamber secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from glyoxal uptake, \u03b1-pinene ozonolysis, isoprene photooxidation, single-ring aromatic photooxidation, and naphthalene photooxidation is evaluated using Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer data. SOA O/C ratios range from 1.13 for glyoxal uptake experiments to 0.30\u20130.43 for \u03b1-pinene ozonolysis. The elemental composition of \u03b1-pinene and naphthalene SOA is also confirmed by offline mass spectrometry. The fraction of organic signal at m/z 44 is generally a good measure of SOA oxygenation for \u03b1-pinene/O\u2083, isoprene/high-NO\u2093, and naphthalene SOA systems. The agreement between measured and estimated O/C ratios tends to get closer as the fraction of organic signal at m/z 44 increases. This is in contrast to the glyoxal uptake system, in which m/z 44 substantially underpredicts O/C. Although chamber SOA has generally been considered less oxygenated than ambient SOA, single-ring aromatic- and naphthalene-derived SOA can reach O/C ratios upward of 0.7, well within the range of ambient PMF component OOA, though still not as high as some ambient measurements. The spectra of aromatic and isoprene-high-NO\u2093 SOA resemble that of OOA, but the spectrum of glyoxal uptake does not resemble that of any ambient organic aerosol PMF component.", "date": "2010-05-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "10", "number": "9", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "4111-4131", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100602-081939482", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100602-081939482", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83374901" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0432377" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-10-4111-2010", "primary_object": { "basename": "Chhabra2010p10171Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1yehe-am169/files/Chhabra2010p10171Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "acp-10-4111-2010-supplement.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1yehe-am169/files/acp-10-4111-2010-supplement.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Chhabra, P. S.; Flagan, R. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r3zgd-5hq40", "eprint_id": 18483, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:45:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 16:26:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "Jason D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Arthur W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Eddingsaas-Nathan-C", "name": { "family": "Eddingsaas", "given": "Nathan C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1539-5415" }, { "id": "Chan-Man-Nin", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "ManNin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2384-2695" }, { "id": "Loza-Christine-L", "name": { "family": "Loza", "given": "Christine L." } }, { "id": "Kwan-Alan-J", "name": { "family": "Kwan", "given": "Alan J." } }, { "id": "Hersey-Scott-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "Scott P." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "Paul O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Reactive intermediates revealed in secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions; epoxides; methacryloylperoxynitrate; organosulfates", "note": "\u00a9 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences.\nEdited by Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, and approved November 23, 2009 (received for review September 30, 2009).\nPublished online before print December 31, 2009.\n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Science\n(Biological and Environmental Research), Electric Power Research Institute,\nU.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FG02-05ER63983, and U.S. Environmental\nProtection Agency (EPA) STAR agreement RD-833749. The CIMS instrument\nwas purchased as part of a major research instrumentation grant\nfrom the National Science Foundation (Grant ATM-0619783); assembly and\ntesting was supported by the Davidow Discovery Fund. We thank Andreas\nK\u00fcrten for assembling the CIMS instrument and John D. Crounse for synthesizing\nand characterizing (with H-NMR) the BEPOX. The Waters UPLC-LCT\nPremier XT time-of-flight mass spectrometer was purchased in 2006 with a\ngrant from the National Science Foundation, Chemistry Research Instrumentation\nand Facilities Program (Grant CHE-0541745). N.C.E. was supported by\nthe Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in Environmental\nChemistry. We also thank Magda Claeys for useful discussions.\n\nAuthor contributions: J.D.S., A.W.H.C., N.C.E., R.C.F., P.O.W., and J.H.S. designed\nresearch; J.D.S., A.W.H.C., N.C.E., M.N.C., C.L.L., A.J.K., and S.P.H. performed research;\nJ.D.S., A.W.H.C., and N.C.E. analyzed data; and J.D.S., A.W.H.C., N.C.E., P.O.W., and J.H.S.\nwrote the paper.\n\nPublished - Surratt2010p9803P_Natl_Acad_Sci_Usa.pdf
Supplemental Material - pnas.0911114107_SI.pdf
", "abstract": "Isoprene is a significant source of atmospheric organic aerosol; however, the oxidation pathways that lead to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have remained elusive. Here, we identify the role of two key reactive intermediates, epoxydiols of isoprene (IEPOX = \u03b2-IEPOX + \u03b4-IEPOX) and methacryloylperoxynitrate (MPAN), which are formed during isoprene oxidation under low- and high-NO_x conditions, respectively. Isoprene low-NO_x SOA is enhanced in the presence of acidified sulfate seed aerosol (mass yield 28.6%) over that in the presence of neutral aerosol (mass yield 1.3%). Increased uptake of IEPOX by acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions is shown to explain this enhancement. Under high-NO_x conditions, isoprene SOA formation occurs through oxidation of its second-generation product, MPAN. The similarity of the composition of SOA formed from the photooxidation of MPAN to that formed from isoprene and methacrolein demonstrates the role of MPAN in the formation of isoprene high-NO_x SOA. Reactions of IEPOX and MPAN in the presence of anthropogenic pollutants (i.e., acidic aerosol produced from the oxidation of SO_2 and NO_2, respectively) could be a substantial source of \"missing urban SOA\" not included in current atmospheric models.", "date": "2010-04-13", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "volume": "107", "number": "15", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "pagerange": "6640-6645", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100527-135521520", "issn": "0027-8424", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100527-135521520", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-833749" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0619783" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-0541745" }, { "agency": "Davidow Discovery Fund" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.0911114107", "pmcid": "PMC2872383", "primary_object": { "basename": "Surratt2010p9803P_Natl_Acad_Sci_Usa.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r3zgd-5hq40/files/Surratt2010p9803P_Natl_Acad_Sci_Usa.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "pnas.0911114107_SI.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r3zgd-5hq40/files/pnas.0911114107_SI.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Surratt, Jason D.; Chan, Arthur W. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/93d3n-5fd34", "eprint_id": 17756, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:32:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 00:12:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Asa-Awuku-Akua", "name": { "family": "Asa-Awuku", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Gao-Song", "name": { "family": "Gao", "given": "S." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7427-6681" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Water-soluble SOA from Alkene ozonolysis: composition and droplet activation kinetics inferences from analysis of CCN activity", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 7 June 2007 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 26 June 2007. Revised: 11 January 2010 \u2013 Accepted: 27 January 2010 \u2013 Published: 15 February 2010. \n\nPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nThe work in this study was supported by a NSF CAREER Award and a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship. Additional funding for the ozonolysis experiments and speciation was provided by the US Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983, Electric Power Research Institute, and US Environmental Protection Agency RD-83107501-0. We would like to thank Rodney Weber and Chris Hennigan of the Georgia Institute of Technology for the use of their Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Turbo Siever analyzer and Dionex DX-500 ion chromatograph. \n\nEdited by: N. Pirrone.\n\nPublished - AsaAwuku2010p7251Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
", "abstract": "Cloud formation characteristics of the water-soluble organic fraction (WSOC) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the ozonolysis of alkene hydrocarbons (terpinolene, 1-methlycycloheptene and cycloheptene) are studied. Based on size-resolved measurements of CCN activity (of the pure and salted WSOC samples) we estimate the average molar volume and surface tension depression associated with the WSOC using K\u00f6hler Theory Analysis (KTA). Consistent with known speciation, the results suggest that the WSOC are composed of low molecular weight species, with an effective molar mass below 200 g mol^(\u22121). The water-soluble carbon is also surface-active, depressing surface tension 10\u201315% from that of pure water (at CCN-relevant concentrations). The inherent hygroscopicity parameter, \u03ba, of the WSOC ranges between 0.17 and 0.25; if surface tension depression and molar volume effects are considered in \u03ba, a remarkably constant \"apparent\" hygroscopicity ~0.3 emerges for all samples considered. This implies that the volume fraction of soluble material in the parent aerosol is the key composition parameter required for prediction of the SOA hygroscopicity, as shifts in molar volume across samples are compensated by changes in surface tension. Finally, using \"threshold droplet growth analysis\", the water-soluble organics in all samples considered do not affect CCN activation kinetics.", "date": "2010-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "10", "number": "4", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "1585-1597", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100316-130917161", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100316-130917161", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-10-1585-2010", "primary_object": { "basename": "AsaAwuku2010p7251Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/93d3n-5fd34/files/AsaAwuku2010p7251Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Asa-Awuku, A.; Nenes, A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q04wx-g1e86", "eprint_id": 17339, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:28:24", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 23:47:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kautzman-K", "name": { "family": "Kautzman", "given": "K." } }, { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Chan-Man-Nin", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "M. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2384-2695" }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "A. W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Hersey-Scott-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "S. P." } }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Dalleska-Nathan-F", "name": { "family": "Dalleska", "given": "N. F." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2059-1587" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "P. O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Chemical Composition of Gas- and Aerosol-Phase Products from the Photooxidation of Naphthalene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2009 American Chemical Society.\n\nReceived: September 3, 2009; Revised Manuscript Received: October 15, 2009. Publication Date (Web): November 11, 2009. \n\nThis research was funded by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER63983, US Environmental Protection Agency STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. RD-83374901 and US National Science Foundation grant ATM-0432377. The Electronic Power Research Institute provided support for the SEARCH network field samples. The GC/TOF and CIMS instruments used in this study were purchased as part of a major research instrumentation grant from the National Science Foundation (ATM-0619783). Assembly and testing of the CIMS instrument was supported by the Davidow Discovery Fund. The Waters UPLC/(-)ESI-TOFMS (LCT Premier XT TOFMS) was purchased in 2006 with a grant from the National Science Foundation, Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities Program (CHE-0541745). We thank J. Stockdill for synthesis of 2-formylcinnamaldehyde. We would also like to thank E. S. Edgerton of Atmospheric Research & Analysis (ARA), Inc., for providing the high-volume filter sampler, as well as providing detailed information on its operation procedures, used in the sampling of fine aerosols during PACO. This publication has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and EPA does not endorse any products mentioned in this publication.\n\nSupplemental Material - jp908530s_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "The current work focuses on the detailed evolution of the chemical composition of both the gas- and aerosol-phase constituents produced from the OH-initiated photooxidation of naphthalene under low- and high-NO\u2093 conditions. Under high-NO\u2093 conditions ring-opening products are the primary gas-phase products, suggesting that the mechanism involves dissociation of alkoxy radicals (RO) formed through an RO\u2082 + NO pathway, or a bicyclic peroxy mechanism. In contrast to the high-NO\u2093 chemistry, ring-retaining compounds appear to dominate the low-NO\u2093 gas-phase products owing to the RO\u2082 + HO\u2082 pathway. We are able to chemically characterize 53\u221268% of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. Atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O/C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C), and nitrogen-to-carbon (N/C) ratios measured in bulk samples by high-resolution electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-TOFMS) are the same as the ratios observed with online high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry (HR-ToF-AMS), suggesting that the chemical compositions and oxidation levels found in the chemically-characterized fraction of the particle phase are representative of the bulk aerosol. Oligomers, organosulfates (R-OSO\u2083), and other high-molecular-weight (MW) products are not observed in either the low- or high-NO\u2093 SOA; however, in the presence of neutral ammonium sulfate seed aerosol, an organic sulfonic acid (R-SO\u2083), characterized as hydroxybenzene sulfonic acid, is observed in naphthalene SOA produced under both high- and low-NO\u2093 conditions. Acidic compounds and organic peroxides are found to account for a large fraction of the chemically characterized high- and low-NO\u2093 SOA. We propose that the major gas- and aerosol-phase products observed are generated through the formation and further reaction of 2-formylcinnamaldehyde or a bicyclic peroxy intermediate. The chemical similarity between the laboratory SOA and ambient aerosol collected from Birmingham, Alabama (AL) and Pasadena, California (CA) confirm the importance of PAH oxidation in the formation of aerosol within the urban atmosphere.", "date": "2010-01-21", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry A", "volume": "114", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "913-934", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100128-134602813", "issn": "1089-5639", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100128-134602813", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83374901" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0432377" }, { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0619783" }, { "agency": "Davidow Discovery Fund" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-0541745" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/jp908530s", "primary_object": { "basename": "jp908530s_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q04wx-g1e86/files/jp908530s_si_001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Kautzman, K.; Surratt, J. D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1kvaa-fvj98", "eprint_id": 17208, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:54:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 23:39:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lu-Miao-Ling", "name": { "family": "Lu", "given": "Miao-Ling" } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Feingold-G", "name": { "family": "Feingold", "given": "Graham" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Marine stratocumulus aerosol-cloud relationships in the MASE-II experiment: Precipitation susceptibility in eastern Pacific marine stratocumulus", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Clouds", "note": "\u00a9 2009 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 1 July 2009; revised 21 September 2009; accepted 28 September 2009; published 22 December 2009. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of\nNaval Research grant N00014-04-1-0018. A.S. acknowledges support from\nthe Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Postdoctoral\nResearch Program. G.F. acknowledges NOAA's Climate Goal. The authors\nacknowledge Robert Wood for helpful comments.\n\nPublished - Lu2009p6709J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf
", "abstract": "Observational data on aerosol-cloud-drizzle relationships in marine stratocumulus are presented from the second Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE-II) carried out in July 2007 over the eastern Pacific near Monterey, California. Observations, carried out in regions of essentially uniform meteorology with localized aerosol enhancements due to ship exhaust (\"ship tracks\"), demonstrate, in accord with those from numerous other field campaigns, that increased cloud drop number concentration Nc and decreased cloud top effective radius r_e are associated with increased subcloud aerosol concentration. Modulation of drizzle by variations in aerosol levels is\nlevels is clearly evident.\nVariations of cloud base drizzle rate R_(cb) are found to be consistent with the proportionality,\nR_(cb) / H^3/N_c, where H is cloud depth. Simultaneous aircraft and A-Train satellite\nobservations are used to quantify the precipitation susceptibility of clouds to aerosol\nperturbations in the eastern Pacific region.", "date": "2009-12-22", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "114", "number": "24", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D24203", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20100119-103146516", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20100119-103146516", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0018" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2009JD012774", "primary_object": { "basename": "Lu2009p6709J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1kvaa-fvj98/files/Lu2009p6709J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Lu, Miao-Ling; Sorooshian, Armin; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/366z7-g9174", "eprint_id": 16575, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:44:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:23:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Padr\u00f3-Luz-T", "name": { "family": "Padr\u00f3", "given": "Luz T." } }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Feingold-Graham", "name": { "family": "Feingold", "given": "Graham" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0774-2926" }, { "id": "McComiskey-Allison", "name": { "family": "McComiskey", "given": "Allison" } }, { "id": "Hersey-Scott-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "Scott P." } }, { "id": "Gates-Harmony", "name": { "family": "Gates", "given": "Harmony" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Miller-Steven-D", "name": { "family": "Miller", "given": "Steven D." } }, { "id": "Stephens-Graeme-L", "name": { "family": "Stephens", "given": "Graeme L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9860-0287" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "On the link between ocean biota emissions, aerosol, and maritime clouds: Airborne, ground, and satellite measurements off the coast of California", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "secondary organic aerosol; ocean-aerosol-cloud interactions; amines", "note": "\u00a9 2009 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 14 January 2009; accepted 24 June 2009; published 14 October 2009. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0118 and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program of the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-AI02-06ER64215. A.S. acknowledges support from the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Postdoctoral Research Program and Colorado State University. G.F. and A.M. acknowledge support from NOAA's Climate Goal. The images and data used in this study were acquired using the GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure (Giovanni) as part of the NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC). The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model.\n\nPublished - Sorooshian2009p6232Global_Biogeochem_Cy.pdf
", "abstract": "Surface, airborne, and satellite measurements over the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of California during the period between 2005 and 2007 are used to explore the relationship between ocean chlorophyll a, aerosol, and marine clouds. Periods of enhanced chlorophyll a and wind speed are coincident with increases in particulate diethylamine and methanesulfonate concentrations. The measurements indicate that amines are a source of secondary organic aerosol in the marine atmosphere. Subsaturated aerosol hygroscopic growth measurements indicate that the organic component during periods of high chlorophyll a and wind speed exhibit considerable water uptake ability. Increased average cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity during periods of increased chlorophyll a levels likely results from both size distribution and aerosol composition changes. The available data over the period of measurements indicate that the cloud microphysical response, as represented by either cloud droplet number concentration or cloud droplet effective radius, is likely influenced by a combination of atmospheric dynamics and aerosol perturbations during periods of high chlorophyll a concentrations.", "date": "2009-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Global Biogeochemical Cycles", "volume": "23", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "GB4007", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20091104-103810438", "issn": "0886-6236", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20091104-103810438", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Deparment of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AI02-06ER64215" }, { "agency": "Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere" }, { "agency": "Colorado State University" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2009GB003464", "primary_object": { "basename": "Sorooshian2009p6232Global_Biogeochem_Cy.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/366z7-g9174/files/Sorooshian2009p6232Global_Biogeochem_Cy.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Padr\u00f3, Luz T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/er66t-97975", "eprint_id": 15530, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:14:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 14:32:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Murphy-Shane-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Shane M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Agrawal-Harshit", "name": { "family": "Agrawal", "given": "Harshit" } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Padr\u00f3-Luz-T", "name": { "family": "Padr\u00f3", "given": "Luz T." } }, { "id": "Gates-Harmony", "name": { "family": "Gates", "given": "Harmony" } }, { "id": "Hersey-Scott-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "Scott" } }, { "id": "Welch-W-A", "name": { "family": "Welch", "given": "W. A." } }, { "id": "Jung-H", "name": { "family": "Jung", "given": "H." } }, { "id": "Miller-J-W", "name": { "family": "Miller", "given": "J. W." } }, { "id": "Cocker-David-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Comprehensive Simultaneous Shipboard and Airborne Characterization of Exhaust from a Modern Container Ship at Sea", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2009 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived August 28, 2008. Revised manuscript received November 29, 2008. Accepted December 9, 2008. Publication Date (Web): February 4, 2009. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and CARB. S.M.M. and L.T.P. acknowledge support from the NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship. A.N. acknowledges support from the NASA Radiation Science Program and an NSF CAREER. We gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. We are grateful to the ship crew and the shipping company, and the analytical support of Ms. Kathy Cocker, and Ms. Varalakshmi Jayaram. \n\nNote Added After ASAP Publication: The Acknowledgments were modified in the version of this paper that published ASAP February 4, 2009; the corrected version published ASAP February 13, 2009. \n\nSupporting Information: Information detailing the methods used for the in-stack measurements presented in this study is given in Section S1. Figure S1 gives a flow diagram of the sampling system used onboard the container ship. Figure S2 gives vertical profiles of relative humidity and potential temperature in and above the marine boundary layer. Figure S3 give 3-day NOAA Hysplit back trajectories for the air mass present during the study. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.\n\nSupplemental Material - Murphyes802413j_si_001.pdf
", "abstract": "We report the first joint shipboard and airborne study focused on the chemical composition and water-uptake behavior of particulate ship emissions. The study focuses on emissions from the main propulsion engine of a Post-Panamax class container ship cruising off the central coast of California and burning heavy fuel oil. Shipboard sampling included micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDI) with subsequent off-line analysis, whereas airborne measurements involved a number of real-time analyzers to characterize the plume aerosol, aged from a few seconds to over an hour. The mass ratio of particulate organic carbon to sulfate at the base of the ship stack was 0.23 \u00b1 0.03, and increased to 0.30 \u00b1 0.01 in the airborne exhaust plume, with the additional organic mass in the airborne plume being concentrated largely in particles below 100 nm in diameter. The organic to sulfate mass ratio in the exhaust aerosol remained constant during the first hour of plume dilution into the marine boundary layer. The mass spectrum of the organic fraction of the exhaust aerosol strongly resembles that of emissions from other diesel sources and appears to be predominantly hydrocarbon-like organic (HOA) material. Background aerosol which, based on air mass back trajectories, probably consisted of aged ship emissions and marine aerosol, contained a lower organic mass fraction than the fresh plume and had a much more oxidized organic component. A volume-weighted mixing rule is able to accurately predict hygroscopic growth factors in the background aerosol but measured and calculated growth factors do not agree for aerosols in the ship exhaust plume. Calculated CCN concentrations, at supersaturations ranging from 0.1 to 0.33%, agree well with measurements in the ship-exhaust plume. Using size-resolved chemical composition instead of bulk submicrometer composition has little effect on the predicted CCN concentrations because the cutoff diameter for CCN activation is larger than the diameter where the mass fraction of organic aerosol begins to increase significantly. The particle number emission factor estimated from this study is 1.3 \u00d7 10^(16) (kg fuel)^(\u22121), with less than 1/10 of the particles having diameters above 100 nm; 24% of particles (>10 nm in diameter) activate into cloud droplets at 0.3% supersaturation.", "date": "2009-07-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "43", "number": "13", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4626-4640", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090901-134607712", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090901-134607712", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "California Air Resources Board" }, { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es802413j", "primary_object": { "basename": "Murphyes802413j_si_001.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/er66t-97975/files/Murphyes802413j_si_001.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Murphy, Shane M.; Agrawal, Harshit; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3151r-rys92", "eprint_id": 15035, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:13:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:28:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Arthur W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Galloway-Melissa-M", "name": { "family": "Galloway", "given": "Melissa M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8518-1888" }, { "id": "Kwan-Allan-J", "name": { "family": "Kwan", "given": "Allan J." } }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "Puneet S." } }, { "id": "Keutsch-Frank-N", "name": { "family": "Keutsch", "given": "Frank N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1442-6200" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "Paul O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Photooxidation of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) as a potential source of secondary organic aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2009 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived September 11, 2008. Revised manuscript received December 15, 2008. Accepted December 19, 2008. Publication Date (Web): January 29, 2009. \n\nThis research was funded by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant\nRD-83374901, and U.S. National Science Foundation grant\nATM-0432377. This work was also supported by the Camille\nand Henry Dreyfus Foundation and development of the\nMadison-LIP instrument was supported by the National Science\nFoundation, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric\nChemistry Program(grant 0724912),and the NDSEG-ARO.This\npublication has not been formally reviewed by the EPA. The\nviews expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and EPA does not endorse any products mentioned in this publication. We thank Henrik Kjaergaard for density functional theory calculations of the dipole moments and polarizabilities of various gas-phase species. \n\nThis article is part of the Particulate Matter and Human Health special issue.", "abstract": "2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) is an important biogenic hydrocarbon emitted in large quantities by pine forests. Atmospheric photooxidation of MBO is known to lead to oxygenated compounds, such as glycolaldehyde, which is the precursor to glyoxal. Recent studies have shown that the reactive uptake of glyoxal onto aqueous particles can lead to formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In this work, MBO photooxidation under high- and low-NO\u2093 conditions was performed in dual laboratory chambers to quantify the yield of glyoxal and investigate the potential for SOA formation. The yields of glycolaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal (HMPR), fragmentation products of MBO photooxidation, were observed to be lower at lower NO\u2093 concentrations. Overall, the glyoxal yield from MBO photooxidation was 25% under high-NO\u2093 and 4% under low-NO\u2093 conditions. In the presence of wet ammonium sulfate seed and under high-NO\u2093 conditions, glyoxal uptake and SOA formation were not observed conclusively, due to relatively low (<30 ppb) glyoxal concentrations. Slight aerosol formation was observed under low-NO\u2093 and dry conditions, with aerosol mass yields on the order of 0.1%. The small amount of SOA was not related to glyoxal uptake, but is likely a result of reactions similar to those that generate isoprene SOA under low-NO\u2093 conditions. The difference in aerosol yields between MBO and isoprene photooxidation under low-NO\u2093 conditions is consistent with the difference in vapor pressures between triols (from MBO) and tetrols (from isoprene). Despite its structural similarity to isoprene, photooxidation of MBO is not expected to make a significant contribution to SOA formation.", "date": "2009-07-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "43", "number": "13", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4647-4652", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090814-113136745", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090814-113136745", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83374901" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0432377" }, { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-0724912" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es802560w", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Chan, Arthur W. H.; Galloway, Melissa M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g9z90-jhx71", "eprint_id": 14974, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:37:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:25:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hsieh-W-C", "name": { "family": "Hsieh", "given": "W. C." } }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Buzorius-Gintautas", "name": { "family": "Buzorius", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" } ] }, "title": "Parameterization of cloud droplet size distributions: comparison with parcel models and observations", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "droplet distribution; parameterization; aerosol", "note": "\u00a9 2009 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 30 October 2008; accepted 2 April 2009; published 9 June 2009. \n\nThis research was funded by the Department of Energy, an NSF CAREER award, a NASA New Investigator Award, and a graduate teaching assistantship from the School of Earth and Atmospheric Science at Georgia Institute of Technology. This work was also funded by the office of Naval Research under grant N00014-04-1-0118. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for comments that improved the article.\n\nPublished - Hsieh2009p4575J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf
", "abstract": "This work examines the efficacy of various physically based approaches derived from one-dimensional adiabatic parcel model frameworks (a numerical model and a simplified parameterization) to parameterize the cloud droplet distribution characteristics for computing cloud effective radius and autoconversion rate in regional/global atmospheric models. Evaluations are carried out for integrations with single (average) and distributions of updraft velocity, assuming that (1) conditions at s_(max) are reflective of the cloud column or (2) cloud properties vary vertically, in agreement with one-dimensional parcel theory. The predicted droplet distributions are then compared against in situ cloud droplet observations obtained during the CRYSTAL-FACE and CSTRIPE missions. Good agreement of droplet relative dispersion between parcel model frameworks indicates that the parameterized parcel model essentially captures one-dimensional dynamics; the predicted distributions are overly narrow, with relative dispersion being a factor of 2 lower than observations. However, if conditions at cloud maximum supersaturation are used to predict relative dispersion and applied throughout the cloud column, better agreement is seen with observations, especially if integrations are carried out over the distribution of updraft velocity. When considering the efficiency of the method, calculating cloud droplet spectral dispersion at s_(max) is preferred for linking aerosol with droplet distributions in large-scale models.", "date": "2009-06-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "114", "number": "D11", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D11205", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090811-154004114", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090811-154004114", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "Georgia Institute of Technology" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2008JD011387", "primary_object": { "basename": "Hsieh2009p4575J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g9z90-jhx71/files/Hsieh2009p4575J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Hsieh, W. C.; Nenes, A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vsj5b-a1y36", "eprint_id": 15191, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:46:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:03:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Galloway-Melissa-M", "name": { "family": "Galloway", "given": "M. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8518-1888" }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "A. W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Keutsch-Frank-N", "name": { "family": "Keutsch", "given": "F. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1442-6200" } ] }, "title": "Glyoxal uptake on ammonium sulphate seed aerosol: reaction products and reversibility of uptake under dark and irradiated conditions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 7 October 2008 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 12 December 2008. Revised: 14 May 2009 \u2013 Accepted: 19 May 2009 \u2013 Published: 25 May 2009. \n\nThe authors are grateful to Tehshik Yoon for his helpful discussions about organic synthesis. This work was supported by the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation, the NDSEG-ARO, the US Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-05ER63 983 and US Environmental Protection Agency STAR grant\nRD-83 374 901. It has not been formally reviewed by EPA. The\nviews expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and the EPA does not endorse any products in this publication. Development of the Madison-LIP instrument was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Atmospheric Chemistry Program (grant 0 724 912), and the NDSEG-ARO. The Waters UPLC-LCT Premier XT time-of-flight mass spectrometer was purchased in 2006 with a grant from the National Science Foundation, Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities Program (CHE-0 541 745).\n\nPublished - Galloway2009p4452Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
", "abstract": "Chamber studies of glyoxal uptake onto ammonium sulphate aerosol were performed under dark and irradiated conditions to gain further insight into processes controlling glyoxal uptake onto ambient aerosol. Organic fragments from glyoxal dimers and trimers were observed within the aerosol under dark and irradiated conditions. Glyoxal monomers and oligomers were the dominant organic compounds formed under the conditions of this study; glyoxal oligomer formation and overall organic growth were found to be reversible under dark conditions. Analysis of high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectra provides evidence for irreversible formation of carbon-nitrogen (C-N) compounds in the aerosol. We have identified 1H-imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde as one C-N product. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time C-N compounds resulting from condensed phase reactions with ammonium sulphate seed have been detected in aerosol. Organosulphates were not detected under dark conditions. However, active photochemistry was found to occur within aerosol during irradiated experiments. Carboxylic acids and organic esters were identified within the aerosol. An organosulphate, which had been previously assigned as glyoxal sulphate in ambient samples and chamber studies of isoprene oxidation, was observed only in the irradiated experiments. Comparison with a laboratory synthesized standard and chemical considerations strongly suggest that this organosulphate is glycolic acid sulphate, an isomer of the previously proposed glyoxal sulphate. Our study shows that reversibility of glyoxal uptake should be taken into account in SOA models and also demonstrates the need for further investigation of C-N compound formation and photochemical processes, in particular organosulphate formation.", "date": "2009-05-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "9", "number": "10", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "3331-3345", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090820-133254405", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090820-133254405", "rights": "This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation" }, { "agency": "Army Research Office (ARO)" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83374901" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-0724912" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-0541745" }, { "agency": "National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-9-3331-2009", "primary_object": { "basename": "Galloway2009p4452Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vsj5b-a1y36/files/Galloway2009p4452Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Galloway, M. M.; Chhabra, P. S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y5jr4-rxn55", "eprint_id": 15029, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:41:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:27:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "A. W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Kautzman-K-E", "name": { "family": "Kautzman", "given": "K. E." } }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Chan-Man-Nin", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "M. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2384-2695" }, { "id": "Crounse-John-D", "name": { "family": "Crounse", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5443-729X" }, { "id": "K\u00fcrten-Andreas", "name": { "family": "K\u00fcrten", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8955-4450" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "P. O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary organic aerosol formation from photooxidation of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes: implications for oxidation of intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 27 November 2008 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 21 January 2009. Revised: 15 April 2009. Accepted: 23 April 2009. Published: 12 May 2009. \n\nThis research was funded by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG02-05ER63983, US Environmental Protection Agency STAR Research Assistance Agreement No. RD-83374901 and US National Science Foundation grant ATM-0432377. This publication has not been\nformally reviewed by the EPA. The views expressed in this\ndocument are solely those of the authors and EPA does not endorse any products mentioned in this publication. The authors would like to thank D. R. Fitz for use of GC/NO2-PAN analyzer, L. D. Yee for assistance with running experiments, and C. E. Jordan for helpful discussion.\n\nPublished - Chan2009p4285Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
", "abstract": "Current atmospheric models do not include secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production from gas-phase reactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Recent studies have shown that primary emissions undergo oxidation in the gas phase, leading to SOA formation. This opens the possibility that low-volatility gas-phase precursors are a potentially large source of SOA. In this work, SOA formation from gas-phase photooxidation of naphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene (1-MN), 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN), and 1,2-dimethylnaphthalene (1,2-DMN) is studied in the Caltech dual 28-m3 chambers. Under high-NOx conditions and aerosol mass loadings between 10 and 40 \u03bcg m\u22123, the SOA yields (mass of SOA per mass of hydrocarbon reacted) ranged from 0.19 to 0.30 for naphthalene, 0.19 to 0.39 for 1-MN, 0.26 to 0.45 for 2-MN, and constant at 0.31 for 1,2-DMN. Under low-NOx conditions, the SOA yields were measured to be 0.73, 0.68, and 0.58, for naphthalene, 1-MN, and 2-MN, respectively. The SOA was observed to be semivolatile under high-NOx conditions and essentially nonvolatile under low-NOx conditions, owing to the higher fraction of ring-retaining products formed under low-NOx conditions. When applying these measured yields to estimate SOA formation from primary emissions of diesel engines and wood burning, PAHs are estimated to yield 3\u20135 times more SOA than light aromatic compounds over photooxidation timescales of less than 12 h. PAHs can also account for up to 54% of the total SOA from oxidation of diesel emissions, representing a potentially large source of urban SOA.", "date": "2009-05-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "9", "number": "9", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "3049-3060", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090814-103729079", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090814-103729079", "rights": "This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83374901" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0432377" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-9-3049-2009", "primary_object": { "basename": "Chan2009p4285Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y5jr4-rxn55/files/Chan2009p4285Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Chan, A. W. H.; Kautzman, K. E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mn7md-wjt93", "eprint_id": 15112, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:28:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 20:59:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lance-Sara", "name": { "family": "Lance", "given": "Sara" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2396-2582" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Mazzoleni-Claudio", "name": { "family": "Mazzoleni", "given": "Claudio" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2398-0721" }, { "id": "Dubey-Manvendra-K", "name": { "family": "Dubey", "given": "Manvendra K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3492-790X" }, { "id": "Gates-Harmony", "name": { "family": "Gates", "given": "Harmony" } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-Varuntida", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Rissman-Tracey-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "Tracey A." } }, { "id": "Murphy-Shane-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Shane M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Feingold-Graham", "name": { "family": "Feingold", "given": "Graham" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0774-2926" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" } ] }, "title": "Cloud condensation nuclei activity, closure, and droplet growth kinetics of Houston aerosol during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "CCN, organics, measurements", "note": "\u00a92009. American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 31 December 2008; accepted 13 May 2009; published 30 July 2009. \n\nWe acknowledge support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under contracts NA05OAR4310101 and NA06OAR4310082, the support of an NSF CAREER grant, and the Office of Naval Research. S.L. would like to acknowledge the support of a Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) Presidential Fellowship, a National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Advanced Study Program (ASP) Graduate Fellowship, and a National Research Council Research Associateships Program Fellowship (awarded January 2008). We also thank C. Brock and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments, as well as A. Stohl and S. Ekhardt for providing the Flexpart back trajectory results. M.K.D. and C.M. thank LANL-LDRD and DOE-Office of Science-OBER-ASP for support of the photoacoustic deployment.\n\nPublished - Lance2009p5603J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf
", "abstract": "In situ cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements were obtained in the boundary layer over Houston, Texas, during the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) campaign onboard the CIRPAS Twin Otter. Polluted air masses in and out of cloudy regions were sampled for a total of 22 flights, with CCN measurements obtained for 17 of these flights. In this paper, we focus on CCN closure during two flights, within and downwind of the Houston regional plume and over the Houston Ship Channel. During both flights, air was sampled with particle concentrations exceeding 25,000 cm^(\u22123) and CCN concentrations exceeding 10,000 cm^(\u22123). CCN closure is evaluated by comparing measured concentrations with those predicted on the basis of measured aerosol size distributions and aerosol mass spectrometer particle composition. Different assumptions concerning the internally mixed chemical composition result in average CCN overprediction ranging from 3% to 36% (based on a linear fit). It is hypothesized that the externally mixed fraction of the aerosol contributes much of the CCN closure scatter, while the internally mixed fraction largely controls the overprediction bias. On the basis of the droplet sizes of activated CCN, organics do not seem to impact, on average, the CCN activation kinetics.", "date": "2009-04-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "114", "number": "D7", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "D00F15", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090817-144817060", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090817-144817060", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA05OAR4310101" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA06OAR4310082" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "Georgia Institute of Technology" }, { "agency": "National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)" }, { "agency": "National Research Council of Canada" }, { "agency": "Los Alamos National Laboratory" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2008JD011699", "primary_object": { "basename": "Lance2009p5603J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mn7md-wjt93/files/Lance2009p5603J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Lance, Sara; Nenes, Athanasios; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/75rfr-99a10", "eprint_id": 14581, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:25:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:07:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hersey-S-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "S. P." } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Murphy-S-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "S. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol hygroscopicity in the marine atmosphere: a closure study using high-time-resolution, multiple-RH DASH-SP and size-resolved C-ToF-AMS data", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 14 July 2008 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 4 September 2008. Revised: 17 November 2008 \u2013 Accepted: 24 March 2009 \u2013 Published: 7 April 2009. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0118. We acknowledge the committed, meticulous work of the CIRPAS Twin Otter crew, especially pilot Mike Hubbell and copilot Chris McGuire. \nEdited by: A. Nenes.\n\nPublished - Hersey2009p2070Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf
", "abstract": "We have conducted the first airborne hygroscopic growth closure study to utilize data from an Aerodyne compact Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (C-ToF-AMS) coupled with size-resolved, multiple-RH, high-time-resolution hygroscopic growth factor (GF) measurements from the differential aerosol sizing and hygroscopicity spectrometer probe (DASH-SP). These data were collected off the coast of Central California during seven of the 16 flights carried out during the MASE-II field campaign in July 2007. Two of the seven flights were conducted in airmasses characterized by continental origin. These flights exhibited elevated organic volume fractions (VF_(organic)=0.56\u00b10.19, as opposed to 0.39\u00b10.20 for all other flights), corresponding to significantly suppressed GFs at high RH (1.61\u00b10.14 at 92% RH, as compared with 1.91\u00b10.07 for all other flights), more moderate GF suppression at intermediate RH (1.53\u00b10.10 at 85%, compared with 1.58\u00b10.08 for all other flights), and no measurable GF suppression at low RH (1.31\u00b10.06 at 74%, compared with 1.31\u00b10.07 for all other flights). Organic loadings were slightly elevated in above-cloud aerosols, as compared with below-cloud aerosols, and corresponded to a similar trend of significantly suppressed GF at high RH, but more moderate impacts at lower values of RH. A hygroscopic closure based on a volume-weighted mixing rule provided good agreement with DASH-SP measurements (R^2=0.78). Minimization of root mean square error between observations and predictions indicated mission-averaged organic GFs of 1.22, 1.45, and 1.48 at 74, 85, and 92% RH, respectively. These values agree with previously reported values for water-soluble organics such as dicarboxylic and multifunctional acids, and correspond to a highly oxidized, presumably water-soluble, organic fraction (mission-averaged O:C=0.92\u00b10.33). Finally, a backward stepwise linear regression revealed that, other than RH, the most important predictor for GF is VF_(organic), indicating that a simple emperical model relating GF, RH, and the relative abundance of organic material can provide accurate predictions (R^2=0.77) of hygroscopic growth for the California coast.", "date": "2009-04-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "9", "number": "7", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "2543-2554", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090714-080423619", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090714-080423619", "rights": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under\nthe Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-9-2543-2009", "primary_object": { "basename": "Hersey2009p2070Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/75rfr-99a10/files/Hersey2009p2070Atmos_Chem_Phys.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Hersey, S. P.; Sorooshian, A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/23smv-5ys66", "eprint_id": 14387, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:23:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 16:49:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hsieh-W-C", "name": { "family": "Hsieh", "given": "W. C." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Wang-L-P", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "L.-P." } }, { "id": "Buzorius-Buzorius", "name": { "family": "Buzorius", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" } ] }, "title": "On the representation of droplet coalescence and autoconversion: evaluation using ambient cloud droplet size distributions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2009 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 27 May 2008; accepted 30 January 2009; published 1 April 2009. \n\nSupport was provided by the Department of Energy, an NSF CAREER award, the Office of Naval Research under grant N00014-04-1-0118, and the School of Earth and Atmospheric Science at Georgia Institute of Technology. We thank Dr. Andreas Bott for sharing his KCE code and Dr. Yangang Liu for helpful discussions. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. W.C.H. thanks Chien-Yu Peng for assistance in numerical techniques.\n\nPublished - Hsieh2009p1471J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf
", "abstract": "In this study, we evaluate eight autoconversion parameterizations against integration of the Kinetic Collection Equation (KCE) for cloud size distributions measured during the NASA CRYSTAL\u2010FACE and CSTRIPE campaigns. KCE calculations are done using both the observed data and fits of these data to a gamma distribution function; it is found that the fitted distributions provide a good approximation for calculations of total coalescence but not for autoconversion because of fitting errors near the drop\u2010drizzle separation size. Parameterizations that explicitly compute autoconversion tend to be in better agreement with KCE but are subject to substantial uncertainty, about an order of magnitude in autoconversion rate. Including turbulence effects on droplet collection increases autoconversion by a factor of 1.82 and 1.24 for CRYSTAL\u2010FACE and CSTRIPE clouds, respectively; this enhancement never exceeds a factor of 3, even under the most aggressive collection conditions. Shifting the droplet\u2010drizzle separation radius from 20 to 25 \u03bcm results in about a twofold uncertainty in autoconversion rate. The polynomial approximation to the gravitation collection kernel used to develop parameterizations provides computation of autoconversion that agree to within 30%. Collectively, these uncertainties have an important impact on autoconversion but are all within the factor of 10 uncertainty of autoconversion parameterizations. Incorporating KCE calculations in GCM simulations of aerosol\u2010cloud interactions studies is computationally feasible by using precalculated collection kernel tables and can quantify the autoconversion uncertainty associated with application of parameterizations.", "date": "2009-04-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "114", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "D07201", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090610-095123943", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090610-095123943", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" }, { "agency": "Georgia Institute of Technology" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2008JD010502", "primary_object": { "basename": "Hsieh2009p1471J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/23smv-5ys66/files/Hsieh2009p1471J_Geophys_Res-Atmos.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Hsieh, W. C.; Jonsson, H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wk3aa-51j14", "eprint_id": 11711, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 13:03:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 15:29:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "Jason D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "G\u00f3mez-Gonz\u00e1lez-Yadlan", "name": { "family": "G\u00f3mez-Gonz\u00e1lez", "given": "Yadlan" } }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Arthur W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Vermeylen-Reinhilde", "name": { "family": "Vermeylen", "given": "Reinhilde" } }, { "id": "Shahgholi-Mona", "name": { "family": "Shahgholi", "given": "Mona" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8879-4305" }, { "id": "Kleindienst-Tadeusz-E", "name": { "family": "Kleindienst", "given": "Tadeusz E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3024-1564" }, { "id": "Edney-Edward-O", "name": { "family": "Edney", "given": "Edward O." } }, { "id": "Offenberg-John-H", "name": { "family": "Offenberg", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0213-4024" }, { "id": "Lewandowski-Michael", "name": { "family": "Lewandowski", "given": "Michael" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0058-956X" }, { "id": "Jaoui-Mohammed", "name": { "family": "Jaoui", "given": "Mohammed" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2728-9137" }, { "id": "Maenhaut-Willy", "name": { "family": "Maenhaut", "given": "Willy" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4715-4627" }, { "id": "Claeys-Magda", "name": { "family": "Claeys", "given": "Magda" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2278-8014" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Organosulfate Formation in Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2008 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: March 17, 2008; Revised Manuscript Received: May 16, 2008. Web Release Date: August 19, 2008. \n\nResearch at Caltech was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program (Grant DE-FG02-05ER63983) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Grant RD-83374901. Research at the University of Antwerp and Ghent University was supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (Contract SD/AT/02A), the Research Foundation\u2212Flanders (FWO), and the Special Research Funds of both universities. The Waters UPLC-LCT Premier XT time-of-flight mass spectrometer was purchased in 2006 with a grant from the National Science Foundation, Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities Program (CHE-0541745). The Electric Power Research Institute provided support for the SEARCH network field samples. This article has been jointly developed and published by the EPA and the California Institute of Technology. It was produced under Cooperative Agreement CR-83194001 and is subject to 40 CFR 30.36. The article has been reviewed by EPA personnel under EPA scientific and technical peer review procedures and approved for joint publication based on its scientific merit, technical accuracy, or contribution to advancing public understanding of environmental protection. However, the Agency's decision to publish the article jointly with Caltech is intended to further the public purpose supported by Cooperative Agreement No. CR-83194001 and not to establish an official EPA rule, regulation, guidance, or policy through the publication of this article. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development also funded research described here under Contract EP-D-05-065 to Alion Science and Technology. Jason D. Surratt was supported, in part, by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the STAR Graduate Fellowship Program. We would like to thank Professor Roger Atkinson of the University of California, Riverside for providing the standard needed for the \u03b2-phellandrene/d-limonene photooxidation experiment. \n\nSupporting Information Available: Tables containing the detailed accurate mass measurements for all experiments conducted in Table 2, MS2 data for the three m/z 294 nitrooxy organosulfates formed in the \u03b1-pinene/H2O2/NO/highly acidic seed experiment, MS2/MS3 data for the m/z 294 nitrooxy organosulfates formed in the \u03b2-pinene/H2O2/NO/highly acidic seed experiment, UPLC/(\u2212)ESI-TOFMS EICs of m/z 296 for three selected limonene experiments and one SEARCH field site, MS2/MS3 data for the three m/z 296 nitrooxy organosulfates formed in the limonaketone/H2O2/NO/highly acidic seed experiment, MS2/MS3 data for the three m/z 296 nitrooxy organosulfates found in the BHM field site, MS2/MS3 data for the m/z 310 nitrooxy organosulfates from an \u03b1-pinene/H2O2/NO/highly acidic seed experiment and a \u03b2-pinene/H2O2/NO/highly acidic seed experiment, UPLC/(\u2212)ESI-TOFMS EICs of m/z 373 for two selected limonene experiments and one SEARCH field site, and MS2/MS3 data for the three last-eluting m/z 305 compounds from an isoprene/NOx/SO2 EPA photooxidation experiment. This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.\n\nSupplemental Material - SURjpca08supp.pdf
", "abstract": "Organosulfates of isoprene, \u03b1-pinene, and \u03b2-pinene have recently been identified in both laboratory-generated and ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In this study, the mechanism and ubiquity of organosulfate formation in biogenic SOA is investigated by a comprehensive series of laboratory photooxidation (i.e., OH-initiated oxidation) and nighttime oxidation (i.e., NO\u2083-initiated oxidation under dark conditions) experiments using nine monoterpenes (\u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, d-limonene, l-limonene, \u03b1-terpinene, \u03b3-terpinene, terpinolene, \u0394\u00b3-carene, and \u03b2-phellandrene) and three monoterpenes (\u03b1-pinene, d-limonene, and l-limonene), respectively. Organosulfates were characterized using liquid chromatographic techniques coupled to electrospray ionization combined with both linear ion trap and high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Organosulfates are formed only when monoterpenes are oxidized in the presence of acidified sulfate seed aerosol, a result consistent with prior work. Archived laboratory-generated isoprene SOA and ambient filter samples collected from the southeastern U.S. were reexamined for organosulfates. By comparing the tandem mass spectrometric and accurate mass measurements collected for both the laboratory-generated and ambient aerosol, previously uncharacterized ambient organic aerosol components are found to be organosulfates of isoprene, \u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, and limonene-like monoterpenes (e.g., myrcene), demonstrating the ubiquity of organosulfate formation in ambient SOA. Several of the organosulfates of isoprene and of the monoterpenes characterized in this study are ambient tracer compounds for the occurrence of biogenic SOA formation under acidic conditions. Furthermore, the nighttime oxidation experiments conducted under highly acidic conditions reveal a viable mechanism for the formation of previously identified nitrooxy organosulfates found in ambient nighttime aerosol samples. We estimate that the organosulfate contribution to the total organic mass fraction of ambient aerosol collected from K-puszta, Hungary, a field site with a similar organosulfate composition as that found in the present study for the southeastern U.S., can be as high as 30%.", "date": "2008-09-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry A", "volume": "112", "number": "36", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "8345-8378", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SURjpca08", "issn": "1089-5639", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SURjpca08", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83374901" }, { "agency": "Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO)", "grant_number": "SD/AT/02A" }, { "agency": "Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen (FWO)" }, { "agency": "University of Antwerp" }, { "agency": "Ghent University" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-0541745" }, { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "CR-83194001" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "EP-D-05-065" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/jp802310p", "primary_object": { "basename": "SURjpca08supp.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wk3aa-51j14/files/SURjpca08supp.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Surratt, Jason D.; G\u00f3mez-Gonz\u00e1lez, Yadlan; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3a6y5-5as38", "eprint_id": 59732, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:29:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:39:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lu-Miao-Ling", "name": { "family": "Lu", "given": "Miao-Ling" } }, { "id": "Feingold-G", "name": { "family": "Feingold", "given": "Graham" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Chuang-Patrick-Y", "name": { "family": "Chuang", "given": "Patrick Y." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2290-8346" }, { "id": "Gates-H", "name": { "family": "Gates", "given": "Harmony" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol-cloud relationships in continental shallow cumulus", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2008 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 4 September 2007; revised 29 February 2008; accepted 12 May 2008; published 5 August 2008. \n\nThis work was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grant NA06OAR4310082.\n\nPublished - 269-Lu-2008.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd14384-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd14384-sup-0002-t02.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd14384-sup-0003-t03.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd14384-sup-0004-t04.txt
", "abstract": "Aerosol-cloud relationships are derived from 14 warm continental cumuli cases sampled during the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) by the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft. Cloud droplet number concentration is clearly proportional to the subcloud accumulation mode aerosol number concentration. An inverse correlation between cloud top effective radius and subcloud aerosol number concentration is observed when cloud depth variations are accounted for. There are no discernable aerosol effects on cloud droplet spectral dispersion; the averaged spectral relative dispersion is 0.30 \u00b1 0.04. Aerosol-cloud relationships are also identified from comparison of two isolated cloud cases that occurred under different degrees of anthropogenic influence. Cloud liquid water content, cloud droplet number concentration, and cloud top effective radius exhibit subadiabaticity resulting from entrainment mixing processes. The degree of LWC subadiabaticity is found to increase with cloud depth. Impacts of subadiabaticity on cloud optical properties are assessed. It is estimated that owing to entrainment mixing, cloud LWP, effective radius, and cloud albedo are decreased by 50\u201385%, 5\u201335%, and 2\u201326%, respectively, relative to adiabatic values of a plane-parallel cloud. The impact of subadiabaticity on cloud albedo is largest for shallow clouds. Results suggest that the effect of entrainment mixing must be accounted for when evaluating the aerosol indirect effect.", "date": "2008-08-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "113", "number": "D15", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D15201", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111456879", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111456879", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA06OAR4310082" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2007JD009354", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd14384-sup-0004-t04.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3a6y5-5as38/files/jgrd14384-sup-0004-t04.txt" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "269-Lu-2008.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3a6y5-5as38/files/269-Lu-2008.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd14384-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3a6y5-5as38/files/jgrd14384-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd14384-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3a6y5-5as38/files/jgrd14384-sup-0002-t02.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd14384-sup-0003-t03.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3a6y5-5as38/files/jgrd14384-sup-0003-t03.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Lu, Miao-Ling; Feingold, Graham; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bxshk-03x25", "eprint_id": 12034, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:40:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 16:29:08", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Kwan-Alan-J", "name": { "family": "Kwan", "given": "A. J." } }, { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "A. W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Pye-Havala-O-T", "name": { "family": "Pye", "given": "Havala O. T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2014-2140" }, { "id": "Crounse-John-D", "name": { "family": "Crounse", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5443-729X" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "P. O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO\u2083)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 3 January 2008 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 15 February 2008. Revised: 3 July 2008 \u2013 Accepted: 3 July 2008 \u2013 Published: 1 August 2008. \n\nThis research was funded by US Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983. This material is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant ATM-0432377. The Waters LCT Premier XT time-of-flight mass spectrometer interfaced to a Waters UPLC system was purchased in 2006 with a grant from the National Science Foundation, Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities Program (CHE-0541745). The LCQ Ion Trap mass spectrometer was purchased in 1997 with funds from the National Science Foundation through the CRIF program (CHE-9709233). J.D. Surratt is supported in part by the US EPA under the STAR Graduate Fellowship Program. A.J. Kwan and H.O.T. Pye acknowledge the support of NSF graduate research fellowships. The authors would like to thank C.D. Vecitis, J. Cheng, and M.R. Hoffmann for use of and aid with their ozonizer and UV-VIS spectrometer; to K. Takematsu and M. Okumura for helpful advice on preparing N\u2082O\u2085; to J.H. Kroll and M. Claeys for helpful discussions and suggestions; to M.N. Chan for assistance with filter sample collection; to H.G. Kjaergaard and F. Paulot for performing the quantum calculations and estimating the sensitivities of CIMS to various gas-phase products; and to Y. Yu and the reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript.\n\nPublished - NGNacp08.pdf
", "abstract": "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the reaction of isoprene with nitrate radicals (NO\u2083) is investigated in the Caltech indoor chambers. Experiments are performed in the dark and under dry conditions (RH < 10%) using N\u2082O\u2085 as a source of NO\u2083 radicals. For an initial isoprene concentration of 18.4 to 101.6 ppb, the SOA yield (defined as the ratio of the mass of organic aerosol formed to the mass of parent hydrocarbon reacted) ranges from 4.3% to 23.8%. By examining the time evolutions of gas-phase intermediate products and aerosol volume in real time, we are able to constrain the chemistry that leads to the formation of low-volatility products. Although the formation of ROOR from the reaction of two peroxy radicals (RO\u2082) has generally been considered as a minor channel, based on the gas-phase and aerosol-phase data it appears that RO\u2082+RO\u2082 reaction (self reaction or cross-reaction) in the gas phase yielding ROOR products is a dominant SOA formation pathway. A wide array of organic nitrates and peroxides are identified in the aerosol formed and mechanisms for SOA formation are proposed. Using a uniform SOA yield of 10% (corresponding to M\u2092 \u2245 10 \u03bcg m\u207b\u00b3), it is estimated that ~2 to 3 Tg yr\u207b\u00b9 of SOA results from isoprene + NO\u2083. The extent to which the results from this study can be applied to conditions in the atmosphere depends on the fate of peroxy radicals in the nighttime troposphere.", "date": "2008-08-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "8", "number": "14", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "4117-4140", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:NGNacp08", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NGNacp08", "rights": "The article and any associated published material is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0432377" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-0541745" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-9709233" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-8-4117-2008", "primary_object": { "basename": "NGNacp08.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bxshk-03x25/files/NGNacp08.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Ng, N. L.; Kwan, A. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cq7tr-k1b51", "eprint_id": 59731, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:31:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:39:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jiang-Hongli", "name": { "family": "Jiang", "given": "Hongli" } }, { "id": "Feingold-G", "name": { "family": "Feingold", "given": "Graham" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Lu-Miao-Ling", "name": { "family": "Lu", "given": "Miao-Ling" } }, { "id": "Chuang-Patrick-Y", "name": { "family": "Chuang", "given": "Patrick Y." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2290-8346" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Statistical comparison of properties of simulated and observed cumulus clouds in the vicinity of Houston during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Aerosol-cloud interaction; statistical properties of cumulus clouds; comparisons", "note": "\u00a9 2008 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 21 August 2007; revised 31 December 2007; accepted 25 February 2008; published 3 July 2008. \n\nThe field experiment would not have been possible without the efforts of numerous instrument operators and the CIRPAS pilots and crew (M. Hubbell, Chris McGuire, and Roy Woods). A. Shelby Frisch helped with analysis of the vertical velocity data. Owen Cooper and Christoph Senff are thanked for their flight planning support. The excellent logistical support by Gerhard Hubler (NOAA), Cathy Burgdorf (NOAA) and Shelley Baccus (NASA) is gratefully acknowledged. H.J. and G.F. were funded by NOAA's Climate Goal. Flight operations and the participation of the California Institute of Technology group were supported by NOAA grant NA06OAR4310082.\n\nPublished - 268-Jiang-2008.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd14353-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd14353-sup-0002-t02.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd14353-sup-0003-t03.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd14353-sup-0004-t04.txt
", "abstract": "We present statistical comparisons of properties of clouds generated by Large Eddy Simulations (LES) with aircraft observations of nonprecipitating, warm cumulus clouds made in the vicinity of Houston, TX during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS), carried out in the summer of 2006. Aircraft data were sampled with the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter airplane. Five flights (days) that are most suitable for studying aerosol-cloud interactions are selected from the 22 flights. The model simulations are initiated with observed environmental profiles. The simulations are used to generate an ensemble of thousands of cumulus clouds for statistically meaningful evaluations. Statistical comparisons focus on the properties of a set of dynamical and thermodynamical variables, sampled either in the cloud or the cloud updraft core. The set of variables includes cloud liquid water content (LWC), number mixing ratio of cloud droplets (Nd), cloud effective radius (re), updraft velocity (w), and the distribution of cloud sizes. In general, good agreement between the simulated and observed clouds is achieved in the normalized frequency distribution functions, the profiles averaged over the cloudy regions, the cross-cloud averages, and the cloud size distributions, despite big differences in sample size between the model output and the aircraft data. Some unresolved differences in frequency distributions of w and possible differences in cloud fraction are noted. These comparisons suggest that the LES is able to successfully generate the cumulus cloud populations that were present during GoMACCS. The extent to which this is true will depend on the specific application.", "date": "2008-07-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "113", "number": "D13", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D13205", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111331379", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111331379", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA06OAR4310082" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2007JD009304", "primary_object": { "basename": "268-Jiang-2008.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cq7tr-k1b51/files/268-Jiang-2008.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd14353-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cq7tr-k1b51/files/jgrd14353-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd14353-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cq7tr-k1b51/files/jgrd14353-sup-0002-t02.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd14353-sup-0003-t03.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cq7tr-k1b51/files/jgrd14353-sup-0003-t03.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd14353-sup-0004-t04.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cq7tr-k1b51/files/jgrd14353-sup-0004-t04.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Jiang, Hongli; Feingold, Graham; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6bmbq-0ff50", "eprint_id": 59734, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:50:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:40:08", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Hersey-S-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "Scott" } }, { "id": "Brechtel-F-J", "name": { "family": "Brechtel", "given": "Fred J." } }, { "id": "Corless-A", "name": { "family": "Corless", "given": "Andrew" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Rapid, Size-Resolved Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth Measurements: Differential Aerosol Sizing and Hygroscopicity Spectrometer Probe (DASH-SP)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2008 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 3 December 2007; accepted 3 May 2008. \n\nBrechtel Mfg. Inc. acknowledges the support of Dr. Ronald Ferek and the ONR SBIR Program under grant N00014-05-C-0016. This work was also supported by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0118. We appreciate valuable comments and suggestions by Jeff Snider.", "abstract": "We report on a new instrument developed to perform rapid, size-resolved aerosol hygroscopicity measurements. The differential aerosol sizing and hygroscopicity spectrometer probe (DASH-SP) employs differential mobility analysis in-concert with multiple humidification and optical sizing steps to determine dry optical size and hygroscopic growth factors for size-selected aerosols simultaneously at three elevated relative humidities. The DASH-SP has been designed especially for aircraft-based measurements, with time resolution as short as a few seconds. The minimum particle diameter detected with 50% efficiency in the optical particle counters (OPCs) is 135 \u00b1 8 nm, while the maximum detectable particle diameter is in excess of 1 \u03bcm. An iterative data processing algorithm quantifies growth factors and \"effective\" refractive indices for humidified particles using an empirically derived three-dimensional surface (OPC pulse height\u2013refractive index\u2013particle size), based on a calculated value of the \"effective\" dry particle refractive index. Excellent agreement is obtained between DASH-SP laboratory data and thermodynamic model predictions for growth factor dependence on relative humidity for various inorganic salts. Growth factor data are also presented for several organic acids. Oxalic, malonic, glutaric, and glyoxylic acids grow gradually with increasing relative humidity up to 94%, while succinic and adipic acids show no growth. Airborne measurements of hygroscopic growth factors of ship exhaust aerosol during the 2007 Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE II) field campaign off the central coast of California are presented as the first report of the aircraft integration of the DASH-SP.", "date": "2008-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "42", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "445-464", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111625670", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111625670", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-05-C-0016" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786820802178506", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Hersey, Scott; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w06f6-adr15", "eprint_id": 59735, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:27:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:40:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Douglas-K", "name": { "family": "Douglas", "given": "Kimberly" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4735-4765" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol Science and Technology: A professional society-library-publisher partnership in open access", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2008 American Association for Aerosol Research.", "abstract": "Like many professional societies, the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) serves its community by publishing a journal that provides a forum for researchers in the field to share the results of their research. Through peer review, journals like Aerosol Science and Technology, which is published by Taylor & Francis for the American Association of Aerosol Research, vet papers, certifying both the quality of the science and the exposition of the manuscript. Both the editors who manage the process and the reviewers who provide their expert opinions voluntarily invest their efforts to ensure that only quality research appears within the pages of society journals. Commercial publishers who produce printed and electronic versions of the papers contained within the pages of the journal, on the other hand, run businesses that must return a profit to their shareholders.", "date": "2008-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "42", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "i-ii", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111746709", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111746709", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/02786820802100807", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C. and Douglas, Kimberly" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wzy5j-sx620", "eprint_id": 13248, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:54:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:21:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Brunelli-N-A", "name": { "family": "Brunelli", "given": "N. A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Giapis-K-P", "name": { "family": "Giapis", "given": "K. P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7393-298X" } ] }, "title": "Radial Differential Mobility Analyzer for One Nanometer Particle Classification", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2009 Copyright American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 10 June 2008; accepted 9 September 2008. \n\nThis work was partially supported by the Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering and Medicine at Caltech. An NSF graduate fellowship to NAB is also acknowledged.", "abstract": "We present details on the design, construction, and calibration of a radial differential mobility analyzer suitable for sizing aerosol nanoparticles with mobility diameters as small as one nanometer. Design improvements targeted decreasing the residence time with a concomitant reduction in particle agglomeration and diffusional losses to walls. Calibration was performed using aerosolized monodisperse molecular ions. Instrument resolution was found to increase with applied voltage as V^1/2, indicating that diffusion is broadening the transfer function and reaching a value of ~7 for the largest molecular ion measured (mobility diameter of 1.47 nm). The mobilities of three molecular ions in the tetra-alkyl ammonium halide homologous series are also reported.", "date": "2008-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "43", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "53-59", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:BRUast09", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:BRUast09", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Caltech Jacobs Institute for Molecular Engineering for Medicine" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786820802464302", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Brunelli, N. A.; Flagan, R. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x5hxj-h5012", "eprint_id": 13379, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 10:47:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:51:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Murphy-Shane-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "S. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Hersey-Scott-P", "name": { "family": "Hersey", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Gates-H", "name": { "family": "Gates", "given": "H." } }, { "id": "Padr\u00f3-Luz-T", "name": { "family": "Padro", "given": "L. T." } }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Brechtel-Frederick-J", "name": { "family": "Brechtel", "given": "F. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2375-8741" }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Comprehensive airborne characterization of aerosol from a major bovine source", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE AMMONIUM-NITRATE; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FINE PARTICLES PM2.5; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NITRIC-ACID; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; ALIPHATIC-AMINES", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2008. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. \n\nReceived: 23 April 2008 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 3 June 2008, Revised: 12 August 2008 \u2013 Accepted: 15 August 2008 \u2013 Published: 12 September 2008. \n\nThis work was supported, in part, by NOAA\ngrant NA06OAR4310082. A. N. acknowledges support from an\nNSF CAREER award, NOAA, and NASA. L. T. P. acknowledges\nsupport from a NASA Earth System Science Fellowship. The authors\ngratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory\n(ARL) for provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion\nmodel.\n\nPublished - SORacp08.pdf
", "abstract": "We report an extensive airborne characterization of aerosol downwind of a massive bovine source in the San Joaquin Valley (California) on two flights during July 2007. The Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter probed chemical composition, particle size distribution, mixing state, sub- and supersaturated water uptake behavior, light scattering properties, and the interrelationship between these parameters and meteorology. Total PM_(1.0) levels and concentrations of organics. nitrate. and ammonium were enhanced in the plume from the source as compared to the background aerosol. Organics dominated the plume aerosol mass (~56-64%), followed either by sulfate or nitrate. and then ammonium. Particulate amines were detected in the plume aerosol by a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) and via mass spectral inarkers in the Aerodvne C-ToF-AMS. Amines were found to be a significant atmospheric base even in the presence of arnmonia; particulate amine concentrations are estimated as at least 14-23% of that of ammonium in the plume. Enhanced sub- and supersaturated water uptake and reduced refractive indices were coincident with lower organic mass fractions, higher nitrate mass fractions, and the detection of amines. The likelihood of suppressed droplet growth owing to kinetic limitations from hydrophobic organic material is explored. After removing effects associated with size distribution and mixing state, the normalized activated fraction of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) increased as a function of the subsaturated hygroscopic growth factor, with the highest activated fractions being consistent with relatively lower organic mass fractions and higher nitrate mass fractions. Subsaturated hygroscopic growth factors for the organic fraction of the aerosol are estimated based on employing the Zdanovskii-Stokes Robinson (ZSR) mixing rule. Representative values for a parameterization treating particle water uptake in both the sub- and supersaturated regimes are reported for incorporation into atmospheric models.", "date": "2008", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "8", "number": "17", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "5489-5520", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SORacp08", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SORacp08", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA06OAR4310082" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "NASA Earth System Science Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-8-5489-2008", "primary_object": { "basename": "SORacp08.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x5hxj-h5012/files/SORacp08.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Sorooshian, A.; Murphy, S. M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8vz5t-ht632", "eprint_id": 14548, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:43:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:05:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Differential mobility analysis of aerosols: a tutorial", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "aerosol, mobility, size distribution, differential mobility analyzer, instrumentation", "note": "\u00a9 2008 Hosokawa.\nAccepted : July 2, 2008.", "abstract": "Differential mobility analysis enables particle size distribution measurements of submicron\naerosols with resolution well beyond that attainable in other size regimes of aerosols or other\nparticulate media. The pages that follow present a tutorial introduction to differential mobility\nanalysis, describing the underlying physics, the differential mobility classifiers and associated\ndetectors, data analysis, data presentation, and some of the challenges in using this powerful\nmeasurement method.", "date": "2008", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Kona", "volume": "26", "publisher": "Party of Powder Technology, Japan", "pagerange": "254-268", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20090709-135041421", "issn": "0288-4534", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20090709-135041421", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2008", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qy7qy-asv78", "eprint_id": 9275, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 10:40:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 22:03:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "A thermodynamically consistent kinetic framework for binary nucleation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "molecular clusters, nucleation", "note": "\u00a9 2007 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived: 30 July 2007; accepted: 26 September 2007; published: 5 December 2007. \n\nThe author gratefully acknowledges insightful discussions with Professor John Seinfeld, Professor Zhen-Gang Wang, and Professor George Gavalas of the California Institute of Technology, and Professor Joseph Katz of the Johns Hopkins University. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant No. ATM-0340832.\n\nPublished - FLAjcp07.pdf
", "abstract": "The traditional theory for binary homogeneous nucleation follows the classical derivation of the nucleation rate in the supposition of a hypothetical constrained-equilibrium distribution in the calculation of the cluster evaporation rate. This model enables calculation of the nucleation rate, but requires evaluation of the cluster distribution and cluster properties for an unstable equilibrium with supersaturated vapor. An alternate derivation of the classical homomolecular nucleation rate eliminated the need for this nonphysical approximation by calculating the evaporative flux at full thermodynamic equilibrium. The present paper develops that approach for binary nucleation; the framework is readily extended to ternary nucleation. In this analysis, the evaporative flux is evaluated by applying mass balance at full thermodynamic equilibrium of the system under study. This approach eliminates both the need for evaluating cluster properties in an unstable constrained-equilibrium state and ambiguity in the normalization constant required in the nucleation-rate expression. Moreover, it naturally spans the entire composition range between the two pure monomers. The cluster fluxes derived using this new model are similar in form to those of classical derivations, so previously developed methods for evaluation of the net nucleation rate can be applied directly to the new formulation.", "date": "2007-12-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "127", "number": "21", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "Art. No. 214503", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:FLAjcp07", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:FLAjcp07", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0340832" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.2800001", "primary_object": { "basename": "FLAjcp07.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qy7qy-asv78/files/FLAjcp07.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4xw5d-ztz34", "eprint_id": 9306, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 10:12:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 22:08:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "A. W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Kroll-Jesse-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6275-521X" }, { "id": "Kwan-Alan-J", "name": { "family": "Kwan", "given": "A. J." } }, { "id": "McCabe-David-C", "name": { "family": "McCabe", "given": "D. C." } }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "P. O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Murphy-Shane-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "S. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Dalleska-Nathan-F", "name": { "family": "Dalleska", "given": "N. F." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2059-1587" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Effect of NO\u2093 level on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of terpenes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 7 June 2007 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 12 July 2007. Revised: 14 September 2007 \u2013 Accepted: 29 September 2007 \u2013 Published: 8 October 2007. \n\nThis research was funded by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program grant DE-FG02-05ER63983. This material is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant ATM-0432377. The Waters LCT Premier XT time-of-flight mass spectrometer interfaced to a Waters UPLC system was purchased in 2006 with a grant from the National Science Foundation, Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities Program (CHE-0541745). The LCQ Ion Trap mass spectrometer was purchased in 1997 with funds from the National Science Foundation through the CRIF program (CHE-9709233). J.D. Surratt is supported in part by the U.S. EPA under the STAR Graduate Fellowship Program. A.J. Kwan acknowledges the support of a NSF graduate research fellowship. The authors would like to thank M. Shahgohli of the Chemistry Department at Caltech for her useful communications regarding high-resolution mass spectrometry.\n\nPublished - NGNacp07b.pdf
", "abstract": "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of one monoterpene (\u03b1-pinene) and two sesquiterpenes (longifolene and aromadendrene) is investigated in the Caltech environmental chambers. The effect of NOx on SOA formation for these biogenic hydrocarbons is evaluated by performing photooxidation experiments under varying NO\u2093 conditions. The NO\u2093 dependence of \u03b1-pinene SOA formation follows the same trend as that observed previously for a number of SOA precursors, including isoprene, in which SOA yield (defined as the ratio of the mass of organic aerosol formed to the mass of parent hydrocarbon reacted) decreases as NO\u2093 level increases. The NO\u2093 dependence of SOA yield for the sesquiterpenes, longifolene and aromadendrene, however, differs from that determined for isoprene and \u03b1-pinene; the aerosol yield under high-NO\u2093 conditions substantially exceeds that under low-NO\u2093 conditions. The reversal of the NO\u2093 dependence of SOA formation for the sesquiterpenes is consistent with formation of relatively low-volatility organic nitrates, and/or the isomerization of large alkoxy radicals leading to less volatile products. Analysis of the aerosol chemical composition for longifolene confirms the presence of organic nitrates under high-NO\u2093 conditions. Consequently the formation of SOA from certain biogenic hydrocarbons such as sesquiterpenes (and possibly large anthropogenic hydrocarbons as well) may be more efficient in polluted air.", "date": "2007-10-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "7", "number": "19", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "5159-5174", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:NGNacp07b", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NGNacp07b", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0432377" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-0541745" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-9709233" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-7-5159-2007", "primary_object": { "basename": "NGNacp07b.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4xw5d-ztz34/files/NGNacp07b.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Ng, N. L.; Chhabra, P. S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5836v-ny183", "eprint_id": 51869, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:45:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:03:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Armani-Andrea-Martin", "name": { "family": "Armani", "given": "Andrea M." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9890-5104" }, { "id": "Kulkarni-R-P", "name": { "family": "Kulkarni", "given": "Rajan P." } }, { "id": "Fraser-S-E", "name": { "family": "Fraser", "given": "Scott E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5377-0223" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" } ] }, "title": "Label-Free, Single-Molecule Detection with Optical Microcavities", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2007 American Association for the Advancement of Science.\n\nReceived 11 May 2007; accepted 14 June 2007;\nPublished online 5 July 2007.\n\nWe thank O. Painter for useful discussions, B. Min for\nFEMLAB simulations, N. Pierce for spectrophotometer\nmeasurements, and D. Armani for microtoroid\nfabrication. A.M.A. is supported by the Clare Boothe\nLuce Postdoctoral Fellowship. This work was supported\nby the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's\nCenter for OptoFluidic Integration and the Biological\nImaging Center of the Beckman Institute at the\nCalifornia Institute of Technology.\n\n\"Label-free, single-molecule detection with optical microcavities\" by A. M. Armani et al. (10 August 2007, p. 783). The authors reported the use of optical microresonators immersed in aqueous solutions and functionalized with antibodies to detect small concentrations of the analytes recognized by the antibodies. The Report presented discontinuities in the resonant response, which the authors took to represent the responses from binding individual analyte molecules. The amplitude of these discontinuities was too large to be caused by the direct effect of the analyte binding; to explain their large size, the authors proposed a thermo-optic effect, in which local heating of the resonator surface from light-analyte interaction amplified the effects of analyte binding. However, as noted by Arnold et al. [Optics Express 18, 281 (2010)], the thermo-optic effect cannot account for the size of the discontinuities. The origin of the large wavelength discontinuities is being investigated by several independent efforts.\n\nSupplemental Material - Armani_SOM.pdf
", "abstract": "Current single-molecule detection techniques require labeling the target molecule. We report a highly specific and sensitive optical sensor based on an ultrahigh quality (Q) factor (Q > 10^8) whispering-gallery microcavity. The silica surface is functionalized to bind the target molecule; binding is detected by a resonant wavelength shift. Single-molecule detection is confirmed by observation of single-molecule binding events that shift the resonant frequency, as well as by the statistics for these shifts over many binding events. These shifts result from a thermo-optic mechanism. Additionally, label-free, single-molecule detection of interleukin-2 was demonstrated in serum. These experiments demonstrate a dynamic range of 10^(12) in concentration, establishing the microcavity as a sensitive and versatile detector.", "date": "2007-08-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "317", "number": "5839", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "783-787", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141117-144831848", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141117-144831848", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Clare Boothe Luce Postdoctoral Fellowship" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "Caltech Beckman Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.1145002", "primary_object": { "basename": "Armani_SOM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5836v-ny183/files/Armani_SOM.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Armani, Andrea M.; Kulkarni, Rajan P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9h3ef-4zj72", "eprint_id": 9153, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:33:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:56:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Kroll-Jesse-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6275-521X" }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "A. W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene, toluene, and benzene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. \n\nReceived: 1 March 2007 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 28 March 2007. Revised: 28 June 2007 \u2013 Accepted: 13 July 2007 \u2013 Published: 24 July 2007. \n\nThis research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program grant number RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER), and by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983.\n\nPublished - NGNacp07.pdf
", "abstract": "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from the photooxidation of m-xylene, toluene, and benzene is investigated in the Caltech environmental chambers. Experiments are performed under two limiting NO\u2093 conditions; under high-NO\u2093 conditions the peroxy radicals (RO\u2082) react only with NO, while under low-NO\u2093 conditions they react only with HO\u2082. For all three aromatics studied (m-xylene, toluene, and benzene), the SOA yields (defined as the ratio of the mass of organic aerosol formed to the mass of parent hydrocarbon reacted) under low-NOx conditions substantially exceed those under high-NOx conditions, suggesting the importance of peroxy radical chemistry in SOA formation. Under low-NO\u2093 conditions, the SOA yields for m-xylene, toluene, and benzene are constant (36%, 30%, and 37%, respectively), indicating that the SOA formed is effectively nonvolatile under the range of M\u2092 (>10 \u03bcg m\u207b\u00b3) studied. Under high-NO\u2093 conditions, aerosol growth occurs essentially immediately, even when NO concentration is high. The SOA yield curves exhibit behavior similar to that observed by Odum et al. (1996, 1997a, b), although the values are somewhat higher than in the earlier study. The yields measured under high-NOx conditions are higher than previous measurements, suggesting a \"rate effect\" in SOA formation, in which SOA yields are higher when the oxidation rate is faster. Experiments carried out in the presence of acidic seed aerosol reveal no change of SOA yields from the aromatics as compared with those using neutral seed aerosol.", "date": "2007-07-24", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "7", "number": "14", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "3909-3922", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:NGNacp07", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NGNacp07", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-7-3909-2007", "primary_object": { "basename": "NGNacp07.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9h3ef-4zj72/files/NGNacp07.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Ng, N. L.; Kroll, J. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/93vtw-j6g92", "eprint_id": 50958, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:32:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:40:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Arthur W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Feingold-G", "name": { "family": "Feingold", "given": "Graham" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Particulate organic acids and overall water-soluble aerosol composition measurements from the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "organic aerosols; organic acids; clouds", "note": "Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 12 February 2007; revised 17 April 2007; accepted 26 April 2007; published 3 July 2007. \n\nThis work was supported by NOAA grant NA06OAR4310082.\n\nPublished - jgrd13847.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd13847-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd13847-sup-0002-t02.txt
", "abstract": "The Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter participated in the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) mission during August\u2013September 2006. A particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) coupled to ion chromatography was used to characterize the water-soluble ion composition of aerosol and cloud droplet residual particles (976 5-min PM_(1.0) samples in total). Sulfate and ammonium dominated the water-soluble mass (NH_4+ + SO_4^(2\u2212) = 84 \u00b1 14%), while organic acids contributed 3.4 \u00b1 3.7%. The average NH_4^+:SO_4^(2\u2212) molar ratio was 1.77 \u00b1 0.85. Particulate concentrations of organic acids increased with decreasing carbon number from C_9 to C_2. Organic acids were most abundant above cloud, presumably as a result of aqueous phase chemistry in cloud droplets, followed by subsequent droplet evaporation above cloud tops; the main product of this chemistry was oxalic acid. The evolution of organic acids with increasing altitude in cloud provides evidence for the multistep nature of oxalic acid production; predictions from a cloud parcel model are consistent with the observed oxalate:glyoxylate ratio as a function of altitude in GoMACCS cumuli. Suppressed organic acid formation was observed in clouds with relatively acidic droplets, as determined by high particulate nitrate concentrations (presumably high HNO_3 levels too) and lower liquid water content, as compared to other cloud fields probed. In the Houston Ship Channel region, an area with significant volatile organic compound emissions, oxalate, acetate, formate, benzoate, and pyruvate, in decreasing order, were the most abundant organic acids. Photo-oxidation of m-xylene in laboratory chamber experiments leads to a particulate organic acid product distribution consistent with the Ship Channel area observations.", "date": "2007-07-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "112", "number": "D3", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D13201", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-151856371", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-151856371", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA06OAR4310082" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2007JD008537", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd13847.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/93vtw-j6g92/files/jgrd13847.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd13847-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/93vtw-j6g92/files/jgrd13847-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd13847-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/93vtw-j6g92/files/jgrd13847-sup-0002-t02.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Ng, Nga L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/skts8-pqv20", "eprint_id": 59730, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:35:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:39:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Lu-Miao-Ling", "name": { "family": "Lu", "given": "Miao-Ling" } }, { "id": "Brechtel-F-J", "name": { "family": "Brechtel", "given": "Fred J." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Feingold-G", "name": { "family": "Feingold", "given": "Graham" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "On the Source of Organic Acid Aerosol Layers above Clouds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2007 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review December 21, 2006. Revised manuscript received April 6, 2007. Accepted April 20, 2007. \n\nThis work was supported by NOAA grant NA06OAR4310082 and Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0118. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model.", "abstract": "During the July 2005 Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE) and the August\u2212September 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS), the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter probed aerosols and cumulus clouds in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of northern California and in southeastern Texas, respectively. An on-board particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) quantified inorganic and organic acid species with \u22645-min time resolution. Ubiquitous organic aerosol layers above cloud with enhanced organic acid levels were observed in both locations. The data suggest that aqueous-phase reactions to produce organic acids, mainly oxalic acid, followed by droplet evaporation is a source of elevated organic acid aerosol levels above cloud. Oxalic acid is observed to be produced more efficiently relative to sulfate as the cloud liquid water content increases, corresponding to larger and less acidic droplets. As derived from large eddy simulations of stratocumulus under the conditions of MASE, both Lagrangian trajectory analysis and diurnal cloudtop evolution provide evidence that a significant fraction of the aerosol mass concentration above cloud can be accounted for by evaporated droplet residual particles. Methanesulfonate data suggest that entrainment of free tropospheric aerosol can also be a source of organic acids above boundary layer clouds.", "date": "2007-07-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "41", "number": "13", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4647-4654", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111158831", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111158831", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA06OAR4310082" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-04-1-0118" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es0630442", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Lu, Miao-Ling; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xcg3j-gwr88", "eprint_id": 8264, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:18:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:10:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rissman-Tracey-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "T. A." } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-Varuntida", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "V." } }, { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Topping-D-O", "name": { "family": "Topping", "given": "D. O." } }, { "id": "McFiggans-Gordon", "name": { "family": "McFiggans", "given": "G." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3423-7896" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) behavior of organic aerosol particles generated by atomization of water and methanol solutions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. \n\nReceived: 10 November 2006 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 15 December 2006 Revised: 14 March 2007 \u2013 Accepted: 28 March 2007 \u2013 Published: 12 June 2007 \n\nThe authors would like to thank F.J. Brechtel, J.H. Kroll, A. Nenes, and A.P. Olsen for helpful suggestions and comments, M.C. Facchini, G. Kiss, and S. Decesari for experimental surface tension data for the ADDEM, and H. Gates for DACAD flow calibrations. The authors would also like to thank B. Svenningsson for her helpful and insightful comments. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant ATM-0340832.\n\nPublished - RISacp07.pdf
", "abstract": "Cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) experiments were carried out for malonic acid, succinic acid, oxalacetic acid, DL-malic acid, glutaric acid, DL-glutamic acid monohydrate, and adipic acid, using both water and methanol as atomization solvents, at three operating supersaturations (0.11%, 0.21%, and 0.32%) in the Caltech three-column CCN instrument (CCNC3). Predictions of CCN behavior for five of these compounds were made using the Aerosol Diameter Dependent Equilibrium Model (ADDEM). The experiments presented here expose important considerations associated with the laboratory measurement of the CCN behavior of organic compounds. Choice of atomization solvent results in significant differences in CCN activation for some of the compounds studied, which could result from residual solvent, particle morphology differences, and chemical reactions between the particle and gas phases. Also, significant changes in aerosol size distribution occurred after classification in a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) for malonic acid and glutaric acid, preventing confident interpretation of experimental data for these two compounds. Filter analysis of adipic acid atomized from methanol solution indicates that gas-particle phase reactions may have taken place after atomization and before methanol was removed from the sample gas stream. Careful consideration of these experimental issues is necessary for successful design and interpretation of laboratory CCN measurements.", "date": "2007-06-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "7", "number": "11", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "2949-2971", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:RISacp07", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:RISacp07", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0340832" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-7-2949-2007", "primary_object": { "basename": "RISacp07.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xcg3j-gwr88/files/RISacp07.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Rissman, T. A.; Varutbangkul, V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/83n0a-21311", "eprint_id": 50952, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:07:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:40:08", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Fountoukis-Christos", "name": { "family": "Fountoukis", "given": "Christos" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3657-823X" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Meskhidze-Nicholas", "name": { "family": "Meskhidze", "given": "Nicholas" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5628-8777" }, { "id": "Bahreini-Roya", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8292-5338" }, { "id": "Conant-William-C", "name": { "family": "Conant", "given": "William C." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Murphy-Shane-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Shane" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-Varuntida", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Brechtel-Frederick-J", "name": { "family": "Brechtel", "given": "Fred J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2375-8741" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol\u2013cloud drop concentration closure for clouds sampled during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosol; cloud droplet; clouds", "note": "Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 8 March 2006; revised 19 November 2006; accepted 21 February 2007; published 26 April 2007. \n\nWe acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation under award ATM-0340832. C.F., A.N. and N.M. acknowledge support from an NSF CAREER award, a NASA EOS-IDS and a NASA NIP. C.F. acknowledges support from a Gerondelis Foundation Fellowship.\n\nPublished - jgrd13041.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd13041-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd13041-sup-0002-t02.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd13041-sup-0003-t03.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd13041-sup-0004-t04.txt
", "abstract": "This study analyzes 27 cumuliform and stratiform clouds sampled aboard the CIRPAS Twin Otter during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) experiment. The data set was used to assess cloud droplet closure using (1) a detailed adiabatic cloud parcel model and (2) a state-of-the-art cloud droplet activation parameterization. A unique feature of the data set is the sampling of highly polluted clouds within the vicinity of power plant plumes. Remarkable closure was achieved (much less than the 20% measurement uncertainty) for both parcel model and parameterization. The highly variable aerosol did not complicate the cloud droplet closure, since the clouds had low maximum supersaturation and were not sensitive to aerosol variations (which took place at small particle sizes). The error in predicted cloud droplet concentration was mostly sensitive to updraft velocity. Optimal closure is obtained if the water vapor uptake coefficient is equal to 0.06, but can range between 0.03 and 1.0. The sensitivity of cloud droplet prediction error to changes in the uptake coefficient, organic solubility and surface tension depression suggest that organics exhibit limited solubility. These findings can serve as much needed constraints in modeling of aerosol-cloud interactions in the North America; future in situ studies will determine the robustness of our findings.", "date": "2007-05-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "112", "number": "D10", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D10S30", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-140023116", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-140023116", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0340832" }, { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "Gerondelis Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2006JD007272", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd13041-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/83n0a-21311/files/jgrd13041-sup-0002-t02.txt" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd13041-sup-0003-t03.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/83n0a-21311/files/jgrd13041-sup-0003-t03.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd13041-sup-0004-t04.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/83n0a-21311/files/jgrd13041-sup-0004-t04.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd13041.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/83n0a-21311/files/jgrd13041.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd13041-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/83n0a-21311/files/jgrd13041-sup-0001-t01.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Fountoukis, Christos; Nenes, Athanasios; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1dbxw-qah13", "eprint_id": 50954, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:07:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:40:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gilardoni-S", "name": { "family": "Gilardoni", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Russell-L-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "L. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Bates-T-S", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "T. S." } }, { "id": "Quinn-P-K", "name": { "family": "Quinn", "given": "P. K." } }, { "id": "Allan-J-D", "name": { "family": "Allan", "given": "J. D." } }, { "id": "Williams-B", "name": { "family": "Williams", "given": "B." } }, { "id": "Goldstein-A-H", "name": { "family": "Goldstein", "given": "A. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4014-4896" }, { "id": "Onasch-T-B", "name": { "family": "Onasch", "given": "T. B." } }, { "id": "Worsnop-D-R", "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "D. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" } ] }, "title": "Regional variation of organic functional groups in aerosol particles on four U.S. east coast platforms during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004 campaign", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "organic aerosol; FTIR spectroscopy; particle composition", "note": "Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 30 June 2006; revised 30 January 2007; accepted 2 April 2007; published 15 May 2007. \n\nThis multiplatform research effort was made possible by seed funding from the James S. McDonnell Foundation Award for 21st Century Science. Subsequent development, training, and analysis were supported by NOAA grant NA17RJ1231. Additional support and field measurement opportunities were provided by National Science Foundation grant ATM04-01611. We are grateful to Derek Coffman, Susanne Hering, Nathan Kreisberg, Roland von Glasow, Susanne Marquardt, Cynthia Randles, Kathryn Holderness, Alice Delia, Jennifer Ayers, Alex Pszenny, and William Keene for assistance in collecting samples and to Andreas Stohl for compiling the FLEXPART analyses. This paper is also contribution 138 to the Shoals Marine Laboratory.\n\nPublished - jgrd13355.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd13355-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd13355-sup-0002-t02.txt
", "abstract": "Submicron atmospheric aerosol samples were collected during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) 2004 campaign on four platforms: Chebogue Point (Nova Scotia, Canada), Appledore Island (Maine), the CIRPAS Twin Otter over Ohio, and the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown in the Gulf of Maine. Saturated aliphatic C-C-H, unsaturated aliphatic C=C\u2212H, aromatic C=C\u2212H, organosulfur C-O-S, carbonyl C=O, and organic hydroxyl C-OH functional groups were measured by calibrated Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at all four sampling platforms. The ratio of molar concentrations of carbonyl C=O to saturated aliphatic C-C-H groups was nearly constant at each sampling platform, with the Twin Otter samples having the lowest ratio at 0.1 and the three more coastal platforms having ratios of 0.4 and 0.5. Organic mass (OM) to organic carbon (OC) ratios follow similar trends for the four platforms, with the Twin Otter having the lowest ratio of 1.4 and the coastal platforms having slightly higher values typically between 1.5 and 1.6. Organosulfur compounds were occasionally observed. Collocated organic aerosol sampling with two Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers for OM, a Sunset Laboratory thermo-optical analysis instrument for OC, and an ion chromatography-particle into liquid sampler (IC-PILS) for speciated carboxylic acids provided comparable results for most of the project, tracking the time series of FTIR OM, OC, and carbonyl groups, respectively, and showing simultaneous peaks of similar magnitude during most of the project. The FTIR/IC-PILS comparison suggests that about 9% of the carbonyl groups found in submicron organic particles on the Twin Otter are typically associated with low molecular weight carboxylic acids.", "date": "2007-05-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "112", "number": "D10", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D10S27", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-142422118", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-142422118", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "James S. McDonnell Foundation" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA17RJ1231" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM04-01611" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "138", "name": "Shoals Marine Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2006JD007737", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd13355.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1dbxw-qah13/files/jgrd13355.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd13355-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1dbxw-qah13/files/jgrd13355-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd13355-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1dbxw-qah13/files/jgrd13355-sup-0002-t02.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Gilardoni, S.; Russell, L. M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/km9b0-zmf53", "eprint_id": 50953, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:07:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:40:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lu-Miao-Ling", "name": { "family": "Lu", "given": "Miao-Ling" } }, { "id": "Conant-W-C", "name": { "family": "Conant", "given": "William C." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE): Aerosol-cloud relationships in marine stratocumulus", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Stratocumulus; indirect effect; aerosol", "note": "Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 29 August 2006; revised 1 December 2006; accepted 26 January 2007; published 22 May 2007. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (N-00014-04-1-0018) and National Science Foundation grant ATM-0340832. PILS data were provided by Armin Sorooshian. We appreciate valuable comments from Patrick Chuang and Robert Wood.\n\nPublished - jgrd13510.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd13510-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd13510-sup-0002-t02.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd13510-sup-0003-t03.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd13510-sup-0004-t04.txt
", "abstract": "The Marine Stratus/Stratocumulus Experiment (MASE) field campaign was undertaken in July 2005 off the coast of Monterey, California to evaluate aerosol-cloud relationships in the climatically important regime of eastern Pacific marine stratocumulus. Aerosol and cloud properties were measured onboard the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft. One cloud that was clearly impacted by ship emissions as well as the ensemble of clouds observed over the entire mission are analyzed in detail. Results at both the individual and ensemble scales clearly confirm the Twomey effect (first indirect effect of aerosols) and demonstrate drizzle suppression at elevated aerosol number concentration. For the ship track impacted cloud, suppressed drizzle in the track led to a larger cloud liquid water path (LWP) at the same cloud thickness, in accord with the so-called second indirect effect. Ensemble averages over all clouds sampled over the entire 13-flight mission show the opposite effect of aerosol number concentration on LWP, presumably the result of other dynamic influences (e.g., updraft velocity and ambient sounding profile). Individual polluted clouds were found to exhibit a narrower cloud drop spectral width in accord with theoretical prediction (M.-L. Lu and J. H. Seinfeld, Effect of aerosol number concentration on cloud droplet dispersion: A large-eddy simulation study and implications for aerosol indirect forcing, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2006). This field experiment demonstrates both the indirect aerosol effect on ship track perturbed clouds, as well as the subtleties involved in extracting these effects over an ensemble of clouds sampled over a 1-month period.", "date": "2007-05-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "112", "number": "D10", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D10209", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-141131411", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-141131411", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N-00014-04-1-0018" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0340832" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2006JD007985", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd13510-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/km9b0-zmf53/files/jgrd13510-sup-0002-t02.txt" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd13510-sup-0003-t03.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/km9b0-zmf53/files/jgrd13510-sup-0003-t03.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd13510-sup-0004-t04.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/km9b0-zmf53/files/jgrd13510-sup-0004-t04.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd13510.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/km9b0-zmf53/files/jgrd13510.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd13510-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/km9b0-zmf53/files/jgrd13510-sup-0001-t01.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Lu, Miao-Ling; Conant, William C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ehr7c-ga065", "eprint_id": 59729, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:12:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:39:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kroll-J-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "Jesse H." } }, { "id": "Chan-Arthur-W-H", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Arthur W. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7392-4237" }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Reactions of Semivolatile Organics and Their Effects on Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2007 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review August 28, 2006. Revised manuscript received November 21, 2006. Accepted February 28, 2007. \n\nThis research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program grant RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER), and by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983; this work has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.", "abstract": "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes a significant fraction of total atmospheric particulate loading, but there is evidence that SOA yields based on laboratory studies may underestimate atmospheric SOA. Here we present chamber data on SOA growth from the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, finding that SOA yields are systematically lower when inorganic seed particles are not initially present. This indicates that concentrations of semivolatile oxidation products are influenced by processes beyond gas-particle partitioning, such as chemical reactions and/or loss to chamber walls. Predictions of a kinetic model in which semivolatile compounds may undergo reactions in both the gas and particle phases in addition to partitioning are qualitatively consistent with the observed seed effect, as well as with a number of other recently observed features of SOA formation chemistry. The behavior arises from a kinetic competition between uptake to the particle phase and reactive loss of the semivolatile product. It is shown that when hydrocarbons react in the absence of preexisting organic aerosol, such loss processes may lead to measured SOA yields lower than would occur under atmospheric conditions. These results underscore the need to conduct studies of SOA formation in the presence of atmospherically relevant aerosol loadings.", "date": "2007-05-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "41", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "3545-3550", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111021453", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-111021453", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es062059x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Kroll, Jesse H.; Chan, Arthur W. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e5w29-n9394", "eprint_id": 8679, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:02:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:38:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Murphy-Shane-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "S. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Kroll-Jesse-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6275-521X" }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Chhabra-Puneet-S", "name": { "family": "Chhabra", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Tong-C", "name": { "family": "Tong", "given": "C." } }, { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "J. D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Knipping-Eladio-M", "name": { "family": "Knipping", "given": "E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9654-9019" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary aerosol formation from atmospheric reactions of aliphatic amines", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. \n\nReceived: 17 December 2006 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 10 January 2007. Revised: 13 April 2007 \u2013 Accepted: 13 April 2007 \u2013 Published: 8 May 2007. \n\nThis work was supported by the Electric Power Research Institute.\n\nPublished - MURacp07.pdf
", "abstract": "Although aliphatic amines have been detected in both urban and rural atmospheric aerosols, little is known about the chemistry leading to particle formation or the potential aerosol yields from reactions of gas-phase amines. We present here the first systematic study of aerosol formation from the atmospheric reactions of amines. Based on laboratory chamber experiments and theoretical calculations, we evaluate aerosol formation from reaction of OH, ozone, and nitric acid with trimethylamine, methylamine, triethylamine, diethylamine, ethylamine, and ethanolamine. Entropies of formation for alkylammonium nitrate salts are estimated by molecular dynamics calculations enabling us to estimate equilibrium constants for the reactions of amines with nitric acid. Though subject to significant uncertainty, the calculated dissociation equilibrium constant for diethylammonium nitrate is found to be sufficiently small to allow for its atmospheric formation, even in the presence of ammonia which competes for available nitric acid. Experimental chamber studies indicate that the dissociation equilibrium constant for triethylammonium nitrate is of the same order of magnitude as that for ammonium nitrate. All amines studied form aerosol when photooxidized in the presence of NOx with the majority of the aerosol mass present at the peak of aerosol growth consisting of aminium (R3NH+) nitrate salts, which repartition back to the gas phase as the parent amine is consumed. Only the two tertiary amines studied, trimethylamine and triethylamine, are found to form significant non-salt organic aerosol when oxidized by OH or ozone; calculated organic mass yields for the experiments conducted are similar for ozonolysis (15% and 5% respectively) and photooxidation (23% and 8% respectively). The non-salt organic aerosol formed appears to be more stable than the nitrate salts and does not quickly repartition back to the gas phase.", "date": "2007-05-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "7", "number": "9", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "2313-2337", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:MURacp07", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MURacp07", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" } ] }, "doi": "10.5194/acp-7-2313-2007", "primary_object": { "basename": "MURacp07.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e5w29-n9394/files/MURacp07.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Murphy, S. M.; Sorooshian, A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v6r8m-skd24", "eprint_id": 59727, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:56:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:39:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chen-Junhong", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Junhong" } }, { "id": "Lu-Ganhua", "name": { "family": "Lu", "given": "Ganhua" } }, { "id": "Zhu-Liying", "name": { "family": "Zhu", "given": "Liying" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "A simple and versatile mini-arc plasma source for nanocrystal synthesis", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "nanoparticles, nanocrystals, arc plasma, synthesis, nonagglomerated, nanoengineering", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Springer. \n\nReceived 2 March 2006; accepted in revised form 22 August 2006. \n\nWe thank Professors Jesen Grant and Marija Gajdardziska-Josifovska for providing TEM access and Dr. Bill Tivol and Mr. Donald Robertson for technical support with TEM analyses. The financial support for this study was provided by XMX Corporation, National Science Foundation (CTS-0604079), and University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The TIG welder used was donated by Miller Electric Manufacturing Corporation. The work made use of X-Ray Facilities supported by the MRSEC program of the National Science Foundation (CMR-0076097) at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern University.", "abstract": "Nanocrystals in the lower-nanometer-size range are attracting growing interest due to their unique properties. A simple and versatile atmospheric direct current mini-arc plasma source has been developed to produce nanoparticles as small as a few nanometers. The nanoparticles are formed by direct vaporization of solid precursors followed by a rapid quenching. Both semiconductor tin oxide and metallic silver nanoparticles have been produced at rates of 1\u201310 mg/h using the mini-arc source. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that most nanoparticles as produced are nonagglomerated and crystalline. Size distributions of nanoparticles measured with an online scanning electrical mobility spectrometer are broader than the self-preserving distribution, suggesting that the nanoparticle growth is coagulation-dominated, and that the particles experience a range of residence times. The electrical charges carried by as-produced aerosol nanoparticles facilitate the manipulation of nanoparticles. The new mini-arc plasma source hence shows promise to accelerate the exploration of nanostructured materials.", "date": "2007-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Nanoparticle Research", "volume": "9", "number": "2", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "203-213", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-110525238", "issn": "1388-0764", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-110525238", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "XMX Corporation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-0604079" }, { "agency": "University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CMR-0076097" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/s11051-006-9168-4", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Chen, Junhong; Lu, Ganhua; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ff21y-tg891", "eprint_id": 59725, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:32:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:39:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "Jason D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Kroll-Jesse-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "Jesse H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6275-521X" }, { "id": "Kleindienst-Tadeusz-E", "name": { "family": "Kleindienst", "given": "Tadeusz E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3024-1564" }, { "id": "Edney-Edward-O", "name": { "family": "Edney", "given": "Edward O." } }, { "id": "Claeys-Magda", "name": { "family": "Claeys", "given": "Magda" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2278-8014" }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Offenberg-John-H", "name": { "family": "Offenberg", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0213-4024" }, { "id": "Lewandowski-Michael", "name": { "family": "Lewandowski", "given": "Michael" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0058-956X" }, { "id": "Jaoui-Mohammed", "name": { "family": "Jaoui", "given": "Mohammed" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2728-9137" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Evidence for Organosulfates in Secondary Organic Aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2007 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review August 30, 2006. Revised manuscript received October 18, 2006. Accepted November 3, 2006. \n\nResearch at Caltech was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program grant no. RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER) and Cooperative Agreement CR-831194001, and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Biological, and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983. This article has been jointly developed and published by EPA and the California Institute of Technology. It was produced under Cooperative Agreement no. CR83194001 and is subject to 40 CFR 30.36. The article has been reviewed by EPA personnel under EPA scientific and technical peer review procedures and approved for joint publication based on its scientific merit, technical accuracy, or contribution to advancing public understanding of environmental protection. However, the Agency's decision to publish the article jointly with Caltech is intended to further the public purpose supported by Cooperative Agreement no. CR83194001 and not to establish an official EPA rule, regulation, guidance, or policy through the publication of this article. Further, EPA does not endorse any products or commerical services mentioned in this publication. J.D.S. was supported in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. Research at the University of Antwerp was supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office and the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). The Electric Power Research Institute provided support for the SEARCH network. We thank Rafal Szmigielski for his discussions on sulfation reactions.", "abstract": "Recent work has shown that particle-phase reactions contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), with enhancements of SOA yields in the presence of acidic seed aerosol. In this study, the chemical composition of SOA from the photooxidations of \u03b1-pinene and isoprene, in the presence or absence of sulfate seed aerosol, is investigated through a series of controlled chamber experiments in two separate laboratories. By using electrospray ionization\u2212mass spectrometry, sulfate esters in SOA produced in laboratory photooxidation experiments are identified for the first time. Sulfate esters are found to account for a larger fraction of the SOA mass when the acidity of seed aerosol is increased, a result consistent with aerosol acidity increasing SOA formation. Many of the isoprene and \u03b1-pinene sulfate esters identified in these chamber experiments are also found in ambient aerosol collected at several locations in the southeastern U.S. It is likely that this pathway is important for other biogenic terpenes, and may be important in the formation of humic-like substances (HULIS) in ambient aerosol.", "date": "2007-01-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "41", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "517-527", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-110218604", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-110218604", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "CR-831194001" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO)" }, { "agency": "Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen (FWO)" }, { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es062081q", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Surratt, Jason D.; Kroll, Jesse H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m6krz-dr990", "eprint_id": 47604, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:02:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 20:44:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ranzato-M", "name": { "family": "Ranzato", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Taylor-P-E", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "P. E." } }, { "id": "House-J-M", "name": { "family": "House", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "LeCun-Y", "name": { "family": "LeCun", "given": "Y." } }, { "id": "Perona-P", "name": { "family": "Perona", "given": "P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7583-5809" } ] }, "title": "Automatic recognition of biological particles in microscopic images", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Biological particles; Feature; Non-linearity; Recognition; Cells; Pollen; Mixture of Gaussians (MoG)", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Elsevier B.V. \n\nReceived 6 September 2005, Revised 1 June 2006, Available online 2 August 2006.", "abstract": "A simple and general-purpose system to recognize biological particles is presented. It is composed of four stages: First (if necessary) promising locations in the image are detected and small regions containing interesting samples are extracted using a feature finder. Second, differential invariants of the brightness are computed at multiple scales of resolution. Third, after point-wise non-linear mappings to a higher dimensional feature space, this information is averaged over the whole region thus producing a vector of features for each sample that is invariant with respect to rotation and translation. Fourth, each sample is classified using a classifier obtained from a mixture-of-Gaussians generative model. \n\nThis system was developed to classify 12 categories of particles found in human urine; it achieves a 93.2% correct classification rate in this application. It was subsequently trained and tested on a challenging set of images of airborne pollen grains where it achieved an 83% correct classification rate for the three categories found during one month of observation. Pollen classification is challenging even for human experts and this performance is considered good.", "date": "2007-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Pattern Recognition Letters", "volume": "28", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "31-39", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140730-101718040", "issn": "0167-8655", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140730-101718040", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/j.patrec.2006.06.010", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Ranzato, M.; Taylor, P. E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/je8wd-4g569", "eprint_id": 59741, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:06:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:40:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Brechtel-F-J", "name": { "family": "Brechtel", "given": "Fred J." } }, { "id": "Ervens-B", "name": { "family": "Ervens", "given": "Barbara" } }, { "id": "Feingold-G", "name": { "family": "Feingold", "given": "Graham" } }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" } }, { "id": "Murphy-S-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Shane M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Holloway-J-S", "name": { "family": "Holloway", "given": "John S." } }, { "id": "Atlas-E-L", "name": { "family": "Atlas", "given": "Elliot L." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3847-5346" }, { "id": "Buzorius-G", "name": { "family": "Buzorius", "given": "Gintas" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Oxalic acid in clear and cloudy atmospheres: Analysis of data from International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation 2004", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 10 November 2005; revised 11 February 2006; accepted 22 March 2006; published 26 August 2006. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant ATM-0340832. Graham Feingold and Barbara Ervens were supported by NOAA's Climate Goal. Elliot L. Atlas acknowledges support from the NOAA Office of Global Programs and NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. We thank Kurt Anlauf, Art Tham, and Maurice Watt of the Meteorological Service of Canada for providing hydrogen peroxide measurements. Appreciation is extended to William C. Conant for helpful discussions.\n\nPublished - 249-Sorooshian-2006.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd12789-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12789-sup-0002-t02.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12789-sup-0003-t03.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12789-sup-0004-t04.txt
", "abstract": "Oxalic acid is often the leading contributor to the total dicarboxylic acid mass in ambient organic aerosol particles. During the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) field campaign, nine inorganic ions (including SO_4^(2\u2212)) and five organic acid ions (including oxalate) were measured on board the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter research aircraft by a particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) during flights over Ohio and surrounding areas. Five local atmospheric conditions were studied: (1) cloud-free air, (2) power plant plume in cloud-free air with precipitation from scattered clouds overhead, (3) power plant plume in cloud-free air, (4) power plant plume in cloud, and (5) clouds uninfluenced by local pollution sources. The aircraft sampled from two inlets: a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) to isolate droplet residuals in clouds and a second inlet for sampling total aerosol. A strong correlation was observed between oxalate and SO_4^(2\u2212) when sampling through both inlets in clouds. Predictions from a chemical cloud parcel model considering the aqueous-phase production of dicarboxylic acids and SO_4^(2\u2212) show good agreement for the relative magnitude of SO_4^(2\u2212) and oxalate growth for two scenarios: power plant plume in clouds and clouds uninfluenced by local pollution sources. The relative contributions of the two aqueous-phase routes responsible for oxalic acid formation were examined; the oxidation of glyoxylic acid was predicted to dominate over the decay of longer-chain dicarboxylic acids. Clear evidence is presented for aqueous-phase oxalic acid production as the primary mechanism for oxalic acid formation in ambient aerosols.", "date": "2006-12-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "111", "number": "D23", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D23S45", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-114508152", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-114508152", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0340832" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2005JD006880", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd12789-sup-0003-t03.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/je8wd-4g569/files/jgrd12789-sup-0003-t03.txt" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd12789-sup-0004-t04.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/je8wd-4g569/files/jgrd12789-sup-0004-t04.txt" }, { "basename": "249-Sorooshian-2006.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/je8wd-4g569/files/249-Sorooshian-2006.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd12789-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/je8wd-4g569/files/jgrd12789-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12789-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/je8wd-4g569/files/jgrd12789-sup-0002-t02.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Varutbangkul, Varuntida; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rf37y-rek90", "eprint_id": 59724, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:55:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:39:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Olsen-A-P", "name": { "family": "Olsen", "given": "Adam P." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Kornfield-J-A", "name": { "family": "Kornfield", "given": "Julia A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6746-8634" } ] }, "title": "Manipulation of Athermal Nuclei in Aqueous Poly(ethylene oxide) by Scanning Activity Gravimetric Analysis", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived July 4, 2006. \n\nThe authors dedicate this paper to Hermann Janeschitz-Kriegl on the occasion of his 82nd birthday and thank him for stimulating this work. The authors also thank Zhen-Gang Wang of the California Institute of Technology for insightful discussions. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants 0505393 and 0080065.", "abstract": "We show that polymer solutions exhibit memory effects as they undergo repeated dissolution (deliquescence) and crystallization (efflorescence) transitions, similar to those previously observed in polymer melts. These memory effects have been probed using scanning activity gravimetric analysis (SAGA) on aqueous poly(ethylene oxide). SAGA is a new method that enables manipulation of the thermodynamic state of a polymer/solvent system under isothermal conditions. The measurements have been performed on individual micron-sized (\u223c10 ng) polymer particles that are levitated electrostatically and subjected to programmed changes in the activity of solvent vapor. The particle mass rapidly changes due to sorption or evaporation of solvent in response to changes in vapor activity, providing insights into the changing state of the polymer/solvent system. Repeated cycling of solvent activity within a levitated particle reveals systematic shifts up and down in the deliquescence and efflorescence activities depending upon the extreme activities reached. Melt memory effects have previously been attributed to remnants of lamellar crystals that persist beyond the nominal melting temperature. The present observations suggest that the thickness of these remnants evolves in solution, changing the supersaturation at which they may serve as athermal nuclei. An extension to the classical thermodynamic model of lamellae that includes a reduced interfacial tension at the perimeter of the high energy fold surface predicts the existence of a metastable radius that allows remnants to slowly increase or decrease in thickness under certain conditions, thereby rationalizing the ability to manipulate efflorescence behavior. We also present an analysis that suggests that SAGA can be extended to other polymer/solvent systems with the appropriate choice of temperature.", "date": "2006-11-28", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Macromolecules", "volume": "39", "number": "24", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "8419-8427", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-110056580", "issn": "0024-9297", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-110056580", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "0505393" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "0080065" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/ma0614949", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Olsen, Adam P.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522", "eprint_id": 59740, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:49:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:40:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lee-Anita", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Anita" } }, { "id": "Goldstein-A-H", "name": { "family": "Goldstein", "given": "Allen H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4014-4896" }, { "id": "Kroll-J-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "Jesse H." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Gas-phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the photooxidation of 16 different terpenes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "monoterpene; sesquiterpene; photooxidation; OH; oxidation products; secondary organic aerosol", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 4 January 2006; revised 18 April 2006; accepted 16 May 2006; published 7 September 2006. \n\nThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants 0119510 and 0443448. Additional support was provided by the California Air Resources Board (contract 00-732). A. Lee was supported by a Graduate Research Education Fellowship from the U.S. Department of Energy's Global Change Education Program. The Caltech Indoor Chamber Facility is supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program grant RD-83107501-0, and the U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG02-05ER63983. The authors are grateful to R. Holzinger for help in transporting and installing the PTR-MS in the Caltech Indoor Chamber Facility. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their thorough review and helpful comments.\n\nPublished - 250-Lee-2006.pdf
Published - jgrd12898-sup-0008-t07.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0002-t02.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0003-t03a.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0004-t03b.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0005-t04.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0006-t05.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0007-t06.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0009-t08.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0010-t09a.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0011-t09b.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0012-t09c.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12898-sup-0013-t10.txt
", "abstract": "The photooxidation of isoprene, eight monoterpenes, three oxygenated monoterpenes, and four sesquiterpenes were conducted individually at the Caltech Indoor Chamber Facility under atmospherically relevant HC:NO_x ratios to monitor the time evolution and yields of SOA and gas-phase oxidation products using PTR-MS. Several oxidation products were calibrated in the PTR-MS, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetone, acetic acid, nopinone, methacrolein + methyl vinyl ketone; other oxidation products were inferred from known fragmentation patterns, such as pinonaldehyde; and other products were identified according to their mass to charge (m/z) ratio. Numerous unidentified products were formed, and the evolution of first- and second-generation products was clearly observed. SOA yields from the different terpenes ranged from 1 to 68%, and the total gas- plus particle-phase products accounted for \u223c50\u2013100% of the reacted carbon. The carbon mass balance was poorest for the sesquiterpenes, suggesting that the observed products were underestimated or that additional products were formed but not detected by PTR-MS. Several second-generation products from isoprene photooxidation, including m/z 113, and ions corresponding to glycolaldehyde, hydroxyacetone, methylglyoxal, and hydroxycarbonyls, were detected. The detailed time series and relative yields of identified and unidentified products aid in elucidating reaction pathways and structures for the unidentified products. Many of the unidentified products from these experiments were also observed within and above the canopy of a Ponderosa pine plantation, confirming that many products of terpene oxidation can be detected in ambient air using PTR-MS, and are indicative of concurrent SOA formation.", "date": "2006-09-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "111", "number": "D17", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D17305,", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-114015557", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-114015557", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "0119510" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "0443448" }, { "agency": "California Air Resources Board", "grant_number": "00-732" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2006JD007050", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0002-t02.txt" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0008-t07.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0008-t07.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0013-t10.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0013-t10.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0007-t06.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0007-t06.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0003-t03a.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0003-t03a.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0010-t09a.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0010-t09a.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0011-t09b.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0011-t09b.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0012-t09c.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0012-t09c.txt" }, { "basename": "250-Lee-2006.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/250-Lee-2006.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0004-t03b.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0004-t03b.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0005-t04.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0005-t04.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0006-t05.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0006-t05.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12898-sup-0009-t08.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a9141-w4522/files/jgrd12898-sup-0009-t08.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Lee, Anita; Goldstein, Allen H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ydwrt-1ms45", "eprint_id": 59720, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:31:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Miguel-A-G", "name": { "family": "Miguel", "given": "Ann G." } }, { "id": "Taylor-P-E", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Philip E." } }, { "id": "House-J", "name": { "family": "House", "given": "James" } }, { "id": "Glovsky-M-M", "name": { "family": "Glovsky", "given": "M. Michael" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Meteorological Influences on Respirable Fragment Release from Chinese Elm Pollen", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 8 December 2005; accepted 9 March 2006. \n\nWe would like to thank Robert Esch of Greer Laboratories, Lenoir, NC, for his kind gift of rabbit anti-American elm pollen antibody used for the detection of elm antigens. This work was supported by Philip Morris USA, Inc., Philip Morris International, and the Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center (NIEHS grant number 5P30 ES07048). P.T. was supported by a Boswell Fellowship from HMRI and Caltech.\n\nSupplemental Material - uast_a_179831_sup_0001.mov
Supplemental Material - uast_a_179831_sup_0002.avi
", "abstract": "Exposure to airborne pollen from certain plants can cause allergic disease, leading to acute respiratory symptoms. Whole pollen grains, 15\u201390 \u00b5m-sized particles, provoke the upper respiratory symptoms of rhinitis (hay fever), while smaller pollen fragments capable of depositing in the lower respiratory tract have been proposed as the trigger for asthma. In order to understand factors leading to pollen release and fragmentation we have examined the rupture of Chinese elm pollen under controlled laboratory conditions and in the outdoor atmosphere. Within 30 minutes after immersion in water, 70% of fresh Chinese pollen ruptures, rapidly expelling cytoplasm. Chinese elm flowers, placed in a controlled atmosphere chamber, emitted pollen and pollen debris after a sequential treatment of 98% relative humidity followed by drying and a gentle disturbance. Immunologic assays of antigenic proteins specific to elm pollens revealed that fine particulate material (Dp < 2 \u00b5m) collected from the chamber contained elm pollen antigens. In a temporal study of the outdoor urban atmosphere during the Chinese elm bloom season of 2004, peak concentrations of pollen and fine pollen fragments occurred at the beginning of the season when nocturnal relative humidity (RH) exceeded 90%. Following later periods of hot dry weather, pollen counts decreased to zero. The Chinese elm pollen fragments also decreased during the hot weather, but later displayed additional peaks following periods of more moderate RH and temperature, indicating that pollen counts underestimate total atmospheric pollen allergen concentrations. Pollen fragments thus increase the biogenic load in the atmosphere in a form that is no longer recognizable as pollen and, therefore, is not amenable to microscopic analysis. This raises the possibility of exposure of sensitive individuals to pollen allergens in the form of fine particles that can penetrate into the lower airways and pose potentially severe health risks.", "date": "2006-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "40", "number": "9", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "690-696", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-105520674", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-105520674", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Philip Morris USA" }, { "agency": "Philip Morris International" }, { "agency": "Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center" }, { "agency": "NIEHS", "grant_number": "5P30 ES07048" }, { "agency": "Huntington Medical Research Institute (HMRI)" }, { "agency": "Caltech" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786820600798869", "primary_object": { "basename": "uast_a_179831_sup_0001.mov", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ydwrt-1ms45/files/uast_a_179831_sup_0001.mov" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "uast_a_179831_sup_0002.avi", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ydwrt-1ms45/files/uast_a_179831_sup_0002.avi" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Miguel, Ann G.; Taylor, Philip E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5d3cp-bkq74", "eprint_id": 59722, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:27:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:39:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Olsen-A-P", "name": { "family": "Olsen", "given": "Adam P." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Kornfield-J-A", "name": { "family": "Kornfield", "given": "Julia A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6746-8634" } ] }, "title": "Scanning Activity Gravimetric Analysis", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived May 8, 2006; Revised Manuscript Received June 19, 2006. \n\nThe authors thank Professor Chris Sorenson and Matthew Berg of Kansas State University, Professor Zhen-Gang Wang of California Institute of Technology, and Professor Nitash Balsara of University of California - Berkeley for insightful discussions. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0505393 and the MRSEC Program under Award DMR-0080065).\n\nSupplemental Material - ma061027rsi20060619_050435.pdf
", "abstract": "We introduce a new technique -- scanning activity gravimetric analysis (SAGA)for investigating phase transitions in semicrystalline polymers. Isothermal growth and dissolution of polymer crystallites within picogram to milligram samples are manifested by mass changes in response to changes in the activity of sorbed solvent vapor. Single charged particles are levitated and weighed in an electrostatic field, providing access to highly supersaturated states. Phase transitions are inferred from simultaneous sorption and light scattering measurements. Analogous to differential scanning calorimetry, scanning solvent activity up and down exposes broad transitions between the semicrystalline solid state and the dissolved state, which are influenced by sample history. We demonstrate repeated dissolution and crystallization of an 11 ng sample of poly(ethylene oxide) by controlling the activity of sorbed water vapor and observe self-nucleation of crystallites from partially and fully solvated states.", "date": "2006-08-22", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Macromolecules", "volume": "39", "number": "17", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "5946-5951", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-105917885", "issn": "0024-9297", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-105917885", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-0505393" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-0080065" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/ma061027r", "primary_object": { "basename": "ma061027rsi20060619_050435.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5d3cp-bkq74/files/ma061027rsi20060619_050435.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Olsen, Adam P.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a5pcq-9gb04", "eprint_id": 59721, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:25:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:39:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "Jason D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Murphy-Shane-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Shane M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Kroll-Jesse-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "Jesse H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6275-521X" }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Hildebrandt-Lea", "name": { "family": "Hildebrandt", "given": "Lea" } }, { "id": "Sorooshian-Armin", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Szmigielski-Rafal", "name": { "family": "Szmigielski", "given": "Rafal" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3389-9318" }, { "id": "Vermeylen-Reinhilde", "name": { "family": "Vermeylen", "given": "Reinhilde" } }, { "id": "Maenhaut-Willy", "name": { "family": "Maenhaut", "given": "Willy" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4715-4627" }, { "id": "Claeys-Magda", "name": { "family": "Claeys", "given": "Magda" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2278-8014" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Chemical Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formed from the Photooxidation of Isoprene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: March 20, 2006; In Final Form: June 15, 2006. \n\nResearch at Caltech was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to Achieve Results (STAR) Program grant no. RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER), and by the U.S. Department of Energy, Biological, and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983; this work has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. Jason Surratt was supported in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program. Research at the Universities of Antwerp and Ghent was supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office through the BIOSOL project (contract SD/AT/02A) and a visiting postdoctoral fellowship to Rafal Szmigielski, and by the Research Foundation \u2212 Flanders (FWO). We would like to thank John Greaves at the University of California, Irvine for the accurate mass measurements on the ESI-TOF instrument. We would like to also thank Paul Ziemann at the University of California, Riverside for his useful communications regarding peroxide measurements in SOA.\n\nSupplemental Material - jp061734msi20060320_041133.pdf
", "abstract": "Recent work in our laboratory has shown that the photooxidation of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, C5H8) leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In the current study, the chemical composition of SOA from the photooxidation of isoprene over the full range of NO\u2093 conditions is investigated through a series of controlled laboratory chamber experiments. SOA composition is studied using a wide range of experimental techniques:\u2009 electrospray ionization\u2212mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2212mass spectrometry, high-resolution mass spectrometry, online aerosol mass spectrometry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and an iodometric-spectroscopic method. Oligomerization was observed to be an important SOA formation pathway in all cases; however, the nature of the oligomers depends strongly on the NO\u2093 level, with acidic products formed under high-NO\u2093 conditions only. We present, to our knowledge, the first evidence of particle-phase esterification reactions in SOA, where the further oxidation of the isoprene oxidation product methacrolein under high-NO\u2093 conditions produces polyesters involving 2-methylglyceric acid as a key monomeric unit. These oligomers comprise \u223c22\u221234% of the high-NO\u2093 SOA mass. Under low-NO\u2093 conditions, organic peroxides contribute significantly to the low-NO_x SOA mass (\u223c61% when SOA forms by nucleation and \u223c25\u221230% in the presence of seed particles). The contribution of organic peroxides in the SOA decreases with time, indicating photochemical aging. Hemiacetal dimers are found to form from C\u2085 alkene triols and 2-methyltetrols under low-NO\u2093 conditions; these compounds are also found in aerosol collected from the Amazonian rainforest, demonstrating the atmospheric relevance of these low-NO\u2093 chamber experiments.", "date": "2006-08-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry A", "volume": "110", "number": "31", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "9665-9690", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-105639496", "issn": "1089-5639", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-105639496", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO)", "grant_number": "SD/AT/02A" }, { "agency": "Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen (FWO)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/jp061734m", "primary_object": { "basename": "jp061734msi20060320_041133.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a5pcq-9gb04/files/jp061734msi20060320_041133.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Surratt, Jason D.; Murphy, Shane M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/saeek-1dv76", "eprint_id": 3950, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:56:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:14:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "V." } }, { "id": "Brechtel-F-J", "name": { "family": "Brechtel", "given": "F. J." } }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Keywood-M-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "M. D." } }, { "id": "Kroll-J-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "J. H." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Lee-Anita", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Goldstein-A-H", "name": { "family": "Goldstein", "given": "A. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4014-4896" } ] }, "title": "Hygroscopicity of secondary organic aerosols formed by oxidation of cycloalkenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and related compounds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License. Published by Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. \n\nReceived: 14 December 2005 \u2013 Published in Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.: 9 February 2006 \n\nRevised: 21 April 2006 \u2013 Accepted: 5 May 2006 \u2013 Published: 29 June 2006 \n\nThis research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR)\nProgram grant number RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER), and by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983. The University of California contributions to this work were supported by the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Chemistry Program (Awards ATM-0119510 and ATM-0443448) and the California Air Resources Board (Contract 00-732). F. J. Brechtel was supported by the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Chemistry Program under Award ATM-0333817. The authors thank D. Collins of Texas A&M University and C. Stanier of University of Iowa for helpful discussions.\n\nPublished - VARacp06.pdf
", "abstract": "A series of experiments has been conducted in the Caltech indoor smog chamber facility to investigate the water uptake properties of aerosol formed by oxidation of various organic precursors. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from simple and substituted cycloalkenes (C5-C8) is produced in dark ozonolysis experiments in a dry chamber (RH~5%). Biogenic SOA from monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and oxygenated terpenes is formed by photooxidation in a humid chamber (~50% RH). Using the hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), we measure the diameter-based hygroscopic growth factor (GF) of the SOA as a function of time and relative humidity. All SOA studied is found to be slightly hygroscopic, with smaller water uptake than that of typical inorganic aerosol substances. The aerosol water uptake increases with time early in the experiments for the cycloalkene SOA, but decreases with time for the sesquiterpene SOA. This behavior could indicate competing effects between the formation of more highly oxidized polar compounds (more hygroscopic), and formation of longer-chained oligomers (less hygroscopic). All SOA also exhibit a smooth water uptake with RH with no deliquescence or efflorescence. The water uptake curves are found to be fitted well with an empirical three-parameter functional form. The measured pure organic GF values at 85% RH are between 1.09\u20131.16 for SOA from ozonolysis of cycloalkenes, 1.01\u20131.04 for sesquiterpene photooxidation SOA, and 1.06\u20131.10 for the monoterpene and oxygenated terpene SOA. The GF of pure SOA (GForg) in experiments in which inorganic seed aerosol is used is determined by assuming volume-weighted water uptake (Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson or \"ZSR\" approach) and using the size-resolved organic mass fraction measured by the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. Knowing the water content associated with the inorganic fraction yields GForg values. However, for each precursor, the GForg values computed from different HTDMA-classified diameters agree with each other to varying degrees. Comparing growth factors from different precursors, we find that GForg is inversely proportional to the precursor molecular weight and SOA yield, which is likely a result of the fact that higher-molecular weight precursors tend to produce larger and less hygroscopic oxidation products.", "date": "2006-06-29", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", "volume": "6", "number": "9", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "2367-2388", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:VARacp06", "issn": "1680-7316", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VARacp06", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0119510" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0443448" }, { "agency": "California Air Resources Board", "grant_number": "00-732" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0333817" } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "VARacp06.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/saeek-1dv76/files/VARacp06.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Varutbangkul, V.; Brechtel, F. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w7zy1-89w16", "eprint_id": 59719, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:56:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sorooshian-A", "name": { "family": "Sorooshian", "given": "Armin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2243-2264" }, { "id": "Brechtel-F-J", "name": { "family": "Brechtel", "given": "Fred J." } }, { "id": "Ma-Yilin", "name": { "family": "Ma", "given": "Yilin" } }, { "id": "Weber-R-J", "name": { "family": "Weber", "given": "Rodney J." } }, { "id": "Corless-A", "name": { "family": "Corless", "given": "Andrew" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Modeling and Characterization of a Particle-into-Liquid Sampler (PILS)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 16 December 2005; accepted 13 February 2006. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant ATM-0340832 and the Office of Naval Research.", "abstract": "A modified particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS), based on the original design of Weber et al. (2001), is presented. The principal modification in this design is that collected liquid sample is delivered to vials held on a rotating carousel as opposed to an on-line analytical detector. A model is developed to predict aerosol mass concentrations measured by a PILS based on operating parameters and characteristics of the sampled aerosol. A backward model predicts the concentrations of the sampled aerosol based on operating parameters and concentrations measured by the PILS. Both models, which consider plumbing transmission efficiencies, droplet growth, mixing effects, and volatilization losses, predict mass concentrations that are consistent with laboratory tests for step changes in concentration. The average collection efficiency for species (Na^+, K^+, SO_4^(2\u2212), Cl^\u2212, NO_3^\u2212) from a variety of aerosols compared to simultaneous measurements with a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) exceeded 96% except for NH_4^+ (88%); NH_4^+ is theoretically shown to be the most vulnerable to volatilization, followed by Cl^- and then NO_3^\u2212 , with greater losses caused by increasing droplet pH and temperature. The characterization tests highlight the importance of reducing NH_4^+ volatilization by keeping a stable tip temperature of 100\u00b0C at the point where steam and ambient air mix in the condensation chamber. Maintaining a stable tip temperature also avoids fluctuations in supersaturations that lead to increased deposition losses of larger droplets. Sample data from the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) field campaign are presented.", "date": "2006-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "40", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "396-409", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-105347712", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-105347712", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0340832" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786820600632282", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Sorooshian, Armin; Brechtel, Fred J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nn6rf-cke69", "eprint_id": 59717, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:39:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Kroll-J-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "Jesse H." } }, { "id": "Keywood-M-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "Melita D." } }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Lee-Anita", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Anita" } }, { "id": "Goldstein-A-H", "name": { "family": "Goldstein", "given": "Allen H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4014-4896" } ] }, "title": "Contribution of First- versus Second-Generation Products to Secondary Organic Aerosols Formed in the Oxidation of Biogenic Hydrocarbons", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review November 10, 2005. Revised manuscript received January 24, 2006. Accepted February 6, 2006. \n\nThis research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program Grant Number RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER), and by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983. The University of California contribution to this material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0443448 and 0119510 and the California Air Resources Board (Contract 00-732). The authors would like to thank Neil M. Donahue for helpful discussions.\n\nSupplemental Material - es052269usi20060124_070140.pdf
", "abstract": "Biogenic hydrocarbons emitted by vegetation are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but the aerosol formation mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, the formation of aerosols and gas-phase products from the ozonolysis and photooxidation of a series of biogenic hydrocarbons (isoprene, 8 monoterpenes, 4 sesquiterpenes, and 3 oxygenated terpenes) are examined. By comparing aerosol growth (measured by Differential Mobility Analyzers, DMAs) and gas-phase concentrations (monitored by a Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer, PTR-MS), we study the general mechanisms of SOA formation. Aerosol growth data are presented in terms of a \"growth curve\", a plot of aerosol mass formed versus the amount of hydrocarbon reacted. From the shapes of the growth curves, it is found that all the hydrocarbons studied can be classified into two groups based entirely on the number of double bonds of the hydrocarbon, regardless of the reaction systems (ozonolysis or photooxidation) and the types of hydrocarbons studied:\u2009 compounds with only one double bond and compounds with more than one double bond. For compounds with only one double bond, the first oxidation step is rate-limiting, and aerosols are formed mainly from low volatility first-generation oxidation products; whereas for compounds with more than one double bond, the second oxidation step may also be rate-limiting and second-generation products contribute substantially to SOA growth. This behavior is characterized by a vertical section in the growth curve, in which continued aerosol growth is observed even after all the parent hydrocarbon is consumed.", "date": "2006-04-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "40", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "2283-2297", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-104456196", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-104456196", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "0443448" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "0119510" }, { "agency": "California Air Resources Board", "grant_number": "00-732" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es052269u", "primary_object": { "basename": "es052269usi20060124_070140.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nn6rf-cke69/files/es052269usi20060124_070140.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Ng, Nga L.; Kroll, Jesse H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kaqz3-bfb05", "eprint_id": 59755, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:32:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:41:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rissman-T-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "T. A." } }, { "id": "VanReken-T-M", "name": { "family": "VanReken", "given": "T. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" }, { "id": "Wang-J", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Gasparini-R", "name": { "family": "Gasparini", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Collins-D-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "D. R." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Brechtel-F-J", "name": { "family": "Brechtel", "given": "F. J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Characterization of ambient aerosol from measurements of cloud condensation nuclei during the 2003 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Aerosol Intensive Observational Period at the Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 13 December 2004; revised 15 March 2005; accepted 19 May 2005; published 28 January 2006. \n\nThe authors wish to acknowledge Z. Song, L. Bowerman, and Y.-N. Lee for providing results from the PILS-IC. Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division.\n\nPublished - 237-Rissman-2006.pdf
Published - jgrd12011-sup-0002-t02.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12011-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12011-sup-0003-t03.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12011-sup-0004-t04.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12011-sup-0005-t05.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12011-sup-0006-t06.txt
", "abstract": "Measurements were made by a new cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) instrument (CCNC3) during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program's Aerosol Intensive Observational Period (IOP) in May 2003 in Lamont, Oklahoma. An inverse aerosol/CCN closure study is undertaken, in which the predicted number concentration of particles available for activation (N_P) at the CCNC3 operating supersaturations is compared to that observed (N_O). N_P is based on K\u00f6hler Theory, with assumed and inferred aerosol composition and mixing state, and the airborne aerosol size distribution measured by the Caltech Dual Automatic Classified Aerosol Detector (DACAD). An initial comparison of N_O and N_P, assuming the ambient aerosol is pure ammonium sulfate ((NH_4)_2SO_4), results in closure ratios (N_P/N_O) ranging from 1.18 to 3.68 over the duration of the IOP, indicating that the aerosol is less hygroscopic than (NH_4)_2SO_4. N_P and N_O are found to agree when the modeled aerosol population has characteristics of an external mixture of particles, in which insoluble material is preferentially distributed among particles with small diameters (<50 nm) and purely insoluble particles are present over a range of diameters. The classification of sampled air masses by closure ratio and aerosol size distribution is discussed in depth. Inverse aerosol/CCN closure analysis can be a valuable means of inferring aerosol composition and mixing state when direct measurements are not available, especially when surface measurements of aerosol composition and mixing state are not sufficient to predict CCN concentrations at altitude, as was the case under the stratified aerosol layer conditions encountered during the IOP.", "date": "2006-03-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "111", "number": "D5", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D05S11", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-170530714", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-170530714", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2004JD005695", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd12011-sup-0005-t05.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kaqz3-bfb05/files/jgrd12011-sup-0005-t05.txt" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd12011-sup-0006-t06.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kaqz3-bfb05/files/jgrd12011-sup-0006-t06.txt" }, { "basename": "237-Rissman-2006.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kaqz3-bfb05/files/237-Rissman-2006.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd12011-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kaqz3-bfb05/files/jgrd12011-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12011-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kaqz3-bfb05/files/jgrd12011-sup-0002-t02.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12011-sup-0003-t03.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kaqz3-bfb05/files/jgrd12011-sup-0003-t03.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12011-sup-0004-t04.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kaqz3-bfb05/files/jgrd12011-sup-0004-t04.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Rissman, T. A.; VanReken, T. M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mj1vs-h3v21", "eprint_id": 59754, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:32:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:41:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Arnott-W-P", "name": { "family": "Arnott", "given": "W. Patrick" } }, { "id": "Walker-J-W", "name": { "family": "Walker", "given": "John W." } }, { "id": "Moosm\u00fcller-H", "name": { "family": "Moosm\u00fcller", "given": "Hans" } }, { "id": "Elleman-R-A", "name": { "family": "Elleman", "given": "Robert A." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Buzorius-G", "name": { "family": "Buzorius", "given": "Gintautas" } }, { "id": "Conant-W-C", "name": { "family": "Conant", "given": "William C." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Photoacoustic insight for aerosol light absorption aloft from meteorological aircraft and comparison with particle soot absorption photometer measurements: DOE Southern Great Plains climate research facility and the coastal stratocumulus imposed perturbation experiments", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 10 March 2005; revised 16 June 2005; accepted 10 August 2005; published 24 January 2006. \n\nPhotoacoustic instrument development was supported by the National Science Foundation, grant ATM-0216572, and the Desert Research Institute. The IOP in Oklahoma was supported by the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program. CSTRIPE was supported by the Office of Naval Research, and photoacoustic instrument participation was supported by the National Science Foundation, grant ATM-0340423. We are especially grateful to the Twin Otter pilots for their enthusiastic and competent work and to all participants of both projects for their enthusiastic support and assistance. Patrick J. Sheridan of NOAA's Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory provided essential guidance and assistance with evaluation of particle loss issues associated with the aircraft inlet system. We acknowledge the insights provided by David S. Covert of the University of Washington.\n\nPublished - 238-Arnott-2006.pdf
", "abstract": "Aerosol light absorption can be intense close to local sources such as wildland and oil fires, with smoke that disperses into the boundary layer and, with enough lift, into the upper atmosphere where it may be transported around the globe. Filter-based methods such as the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) are most commonly used to quantify aerosol light absorption aloft. This paper reports first measurements of aerosol light absorption aloft with photoacoustic instrumentation (PA). Three examples of aerosol light absorption are presented. The first one illustrates a case of detached layers aloft arising from intercontinental, interoceanic transport of smoke from wildland fires in Siberia to the North American continent and the measurement campaign held at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility in north central Oklahoma. Then, two examples of intense local fire smoke light absorption from the Coastal Stratocumulus Imposed Perturbation Experiment near Marina, California, USA, are presented. The first local fire was an oil fire burning in a storage tank near Moss Landing, California, USA, and smoke from this fire was very dark, indicating a low single scattering albedo. By contrast, the second local fire was predominantly burning wood, vegetation, and structures near Fort Ord in Marina, California, USA, and the smoke was very bright, indicating a high single scattering albedo. In all examples, PA measurements at 676 nm were compared with those from a PSAP modified to measure at three wavelengths, including 660 nm.", "date": "2006-03-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "111", "number": "D5", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D05S02", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-170119904", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-170119904", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0216572" }, { "agency": "Desert Research Institute" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0340423" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2005JD005964", "primary_object": { "basename": "238-Arnott-2006.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mj1vs-h3v21/files/238-Arnott-2006.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Arnott, W. Patrick; Walker, John W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2kxk6-t6a23", "eprint_id": 59753, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:32:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:40:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ghan-S-J", "name": { "family": "Ghan", "given": "Steven J." } }, { "id": "Rissman-T-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "Tracey A." } }, { "id": "Elleman-R-A", "name": { "family": "Elleman", "given": "Robert" } }, { "id": "Ferrare-R-A", "name": { "family": "Ferrare", "given": "Richard A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1005-9730" }, { "id": "Turner-D", "name": { "family": "Turner", "given": "David" } }, { "id": "Flynn-C", "name": { "family": "Flynn", "given": "Connor" } }, { "id": "Wang-Jian", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Jian" } }, { "id": "Ogren-J-A", "name": { "family": "Ogren", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Hudson-J-G", "name": { "family": "Hudson", "given": "James" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "VanReken-T-M", "name": { "family": "VanReken", "given": "Timothy M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Use of in situ cloud condensation nuclei, extinction, and aerosol size distribution measurements to test a method for retrieving cloud condensation nuclei profiles from surface measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 28 December 2004; revised 21 April 2005; accepted 19 July 2005; published 19 January 2006. \n\nThis study and the May 2003 Aerosol IOP were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and Atmospheric Science Program, which are part of the DOE Biological and Environmental Research Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.\n\nPublished - 239-Ghan-2006.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd12051-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12051-sup-0002-t02.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12051-sup-0003-t03.txt
", "abstract": "If the aerosol composition and size distribution below cloud are uniform, the vertical profile of cloud condensation nuclei concentration can be retrieved entirely from surface measurements of CCN concentration and particle humidification function and surface-based retrievals of relative humidity and aerosol extinction or backscatter. This provides the potential for long-term measurements of CCN concentrations near cloud base. We have used a combination of aircraft, surface in situ, and surface remote sensing measurements to test various aspects of the retrieval scheme. Our analysis leads us to the following conclusions. The retrieval works better for supersaturations of 0.1% than for 1% because CCN concentrations at 0.1% are controlled by the same particles that control extinction and backscatter. If in situ measurements of extinction are used, the retrieval explains a majority of the CCN variance at high supersaturation for at least two and perhaps five of the eight flights examined. The retrieval of the vertical profile of the humidification factor is not the major limitation of the CCN retrieval scheme. Vertical structure in the aerosol size distribution and composition is the dominant source of error in the CCN retrieval, but this vertical structure is difficult to measure from remote sensing at visible wavelengths.", "date": "2006-03-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "111", "number": "D5", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D05S10", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-165532823", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-165532823", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC06-76RLO 1830" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2004JD005752", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd12051-sup-0003-t03.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2kxk6-t6a23/files/jgrd12051-sup-0003-t03.txt" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "239-Ghan-2006.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2kxk6-t6a23/files/239-Ghan-2006.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd12051-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2kxk6-t6a23/files/jgrd12051-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12051-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2kxk6-t6a23/files/jgrd12051-sup-0002-t02.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Ghan, Steven J.; Rissman, Tracey A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zwd05-f7h06", "eprint_id": 68533, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:31:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:16:39", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kroll-J-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "Jesse H." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Murphy-S-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Shane M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Isoprene Photooxidation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review December 3, 2005. Revised manuscript received January 13, 2006. Accepted January 18, 2006. Publication Date (Web): February 15, 2006. \n\nThis research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program grant number RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER), and by the U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG03-01ER63099; this work has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and, therefore, does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.\n\nSupplemental Material - es0524301si20051203_063924.pdf
", "abstract": "Recent work has shown that the atmospheric oxidation of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, C_5H_8) leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In this study, the mechanism of SOA formation by isoprene photooxidation is comprehensively investigated, by measurements of SOA yields over a range of experimental conditions, namely isoprene and NO_x concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide is used as the radical precursor, substantially constraining the observed gas-phase chemistry; all oxidation is dominated by the OH radical, and organic peroxy radicals (RO_2) react only with HO_2 (formed in the OH + H_2O_2 reaction) or NO concentrations, including NO_x-free conditions. At high NO_x, yields are found to decrease substantially with increasing [NOx], indicating the importance of RO2 chemistry in SOA formation. Under low-NOx conditions, SOA mass is observed to decay rapidly, a result of chemical reactions of semivolatile SOA components, most likely organic hydroperoxides.", "date": "2006-03-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "40", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1869-1877", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160620-124956898", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160620-124956898", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-01ER63099" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es0524301", "primary_object": { "basename": "es0524301si20051203_063924.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zwd05-f7h06/files/es0524301si20051203_063924.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Kroll, Jesse H.; Ng, Nga L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zzmfb-geg41", "eprint_id": 6530, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:13:11", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 20:23:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sharon-T-M", "name": { "family": "Sharon", "given": "Tarah M." } }, { "id": "Albrecht-B-A", "name": { "family": "Albrecht", "given": "Bruce A." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Minnis-P", "name": { "family": "Minnis", "given": "Patrick" } }, { "id": "Khaiyer-M-M", "name": { "family": "Khaiyer", "given": "Mandana M." } }, { "id": "VanReken-T-M", "name": { "family": "van Reken", "given": "Timothy M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Rick" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol and Cloud Microphysical Characteristics of Rifts and Gradients in Maritime Stratocumulus Clouds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Meteorological Society \n\nManuscript received 20 April 2004, in final form 28 July 2005 \n\nThis research was supported under NSF Grant ATM-9902416. The efforts of Dr. Phil Durkee in directing the aircraft to the rift area studied are greatly appreciated. Hal Maring is thanked for his valuable assistance with the interpretation of the new particle production. Additionally, we wish to thank Kirk Ayers for assistance with analyzing the satellite data. The satellite analyses were supported by NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA00AABRG0330 under the PACS Program and the Environmental Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Interagency Cooperative Agreement DE-AI02-97ER62341.\n\nPublished - SHAjas06.pdf
", "abstract": "A cloud rift is characterized as a large-scale, persistent area of broken, low-reflectivity stratocumulus clouds usually surrounded by a solid deck of stratocumulus. A rift observed off the coast of California was investigated using an instrumented aircraft to compare the aerosol, cloud microphysical, and thermodynamic properties in the rift with those of the surrounding solid stratocumulus deck. The microphysical characteristics in the solid stratocumulus deck differ substantially from those of a broken, cellular rift where cloud droplet concentrations are a factor of 2 lower than those in the solid cloud. Furthermore, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations were found to be about 3 times greater in the solid-cloud area compared with those in the rift. Although drizzle was observed near cloud top in parts of the solid stratocumulus cloud, the largest drizzle rates were associated with the broken clouds within the rift area and with extremely large effective droplet sizes retrieved from satellite data. Minimal thermodynamic differences between the rift and solid cloud deck were observed. In addition to marked differences in particle concentrations, evidence of a mesoscale circulation near the solid cloud\u2013rift boundary is presented. This mesoscale circulation may provide a mechanism for maintaining a rift, but further study is required to understand the initiation of a rift and the conditions that may cause it to fill. A review of results from previous studies indicates similar microphysical characteristics in rift features sampled serendipitously. These observations indicate that cloud rifts are depleted of aerosols through the cleansing associated with drizzle and are a manifestation of natural processes occurring in marine stratocumulus.", "date": "2006-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences", "volume": "63", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "983-997", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SHAjas06", "issn": "0022-4928", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SHAjas06", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9902416" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NA00AABRG0330" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AI02-97ER62341" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/JAS3667.1", "primary_object": { "basename": "SHAjas06.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zzmfb-geg41/files/SHAjas06.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Sharon, Tarah M.; Albrecht, Bruce A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eycnw-c2a25", "eprint_id": 59716, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:16:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Taylor-P-E", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Philip E." } }, { "id": "Card-G-M", "name": { "family": "Card", "given": "Gwyneth" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7679-3639" }, { "id": "House-J", "name": { "family": "House", "given": "James" } }, { "id": "Dickinson-M-H", "name": { "family": "Dickinson", "given": "Michael H." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8587-9936" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "High-speed pollen release in the white mulberry tree, Morus alba L", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Floral anthesis; Anther dehiscence; High-speed video; Morus alba; Pollen dispersal", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Springer. \n\nReceived: 21 September 2005 / Accepted: 20 November 2005 / Published online: 8 February 2006. \n\nSupported by grants from the Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center (NIEHS 5P30 ES07048), the Packard Foundation, Philip Morris USA Inc. and Philip Morris International. PT was supported by a Boswell Fellowship from Caltech and the Huntington Medical Research Institute. We thank MM Glovsky for early comments on the manuscript, and SD Russell and AG Miguel for provision of some specimens.\n\nSupplemental Material - 497_2005_18_MOESM1_ESM.mov
", "abstract": "Anemophilous plants described as catapulting pollen explosively into the air have rarely attracted detailed examination. We investigated floral anthesis in a male mulberry tree with high-speed video and a force probe. The stamen was inflexed within the floral bud. Exposure to dry air initially resulted in a gradual movement of the stamen. This caused fine threads to tear at the stomium, ensuring dehiscence of the anther, and subsequently enabled the anther to slip off a restraining pistillode. The sudden release of stored elastic energy in the spring-like filament drove the stamen to straighten in less than 25 \u03bcs, and reflex the petals to velocities in excess of half the speed of sound. This is the fastest motion yet observed in biology, and approaches the theoretical physical limits for movements in plants.", "date": "2006-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Sexual Plant Reproduction", "volume": "19", "number": "1", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "19-24", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-104311617", "issn": "0934-0882", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-104311617", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center" }, { "agency": "NIEHS", "grant_number": "5P30 ES07048" }, { "agency": "David and Lucile Packard Foundation" }, { "agency": "Philip Morris USA" }, { "agency": "Philip Morris International" }, { "agency": "Caltech" }, { "agency": "Huntington Medical Research Institute (HMRI)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/s00497-005-0018-9", "primary_object": { "basename": "497_2005_18_MOESM1_ESM.mov", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eycnw-c2a25/files/497_2005_18_MOESM1_ESM.mov" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Taylor, Philip E.; Card, Gwyneth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r8zb4-m9a48", "eprint_id": 1952, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:08:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:06:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "V." } }, { "id": "Brechtel-F-J", "name": { "family": "Brechtel", "given": "F. J." } }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Keywood-M-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "M. D." } }, { "id": "Kroll-J-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "J. H." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Lee-Anita", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Goldstein-A-H", "name": { "family": "Goldstein", "given": "A. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4014-4896" } ] }, "title": "Hygroscopicity of secondary organic aerosols formed by oxidation of cycloalkenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and related compounds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Author(s). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution, NonCommercial and ShareAlike Licence. \n\nReceived: 14 December 2005 \u2013 Accepted: 31 December 2005 \u2013 Published: 9 February 2006 \n\nThis research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program grant number RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER), and by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG02-05ER63983. The University of California contributions to this work were supported by the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Chemistry Program (Awards ATM-0119510 and ATM-0443448) and the California Air Resources Board (Contract 00-732). F. J. Brechtel was supported by the National Science Foundation Atmospheric Chemistry Program under Award ATM-0333817. The authors thank D. Collins of Texas A&M University and C. Stanier of University of Iowa for helpful discussions.\n\nPublished - VARacpd06.pdf
", "abstract": "A series of experiments has been conducted in the Caltech indoor smog chamber facility to investigate the water uptake properties of aerosol formed by oxidation of various organic precursors. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from simple and substituted cycloalkenes (C5-C8) is produced in dark ozonolysis experiments in a dry chamber (RH~5%). Biogenic SOA from monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and oxygenated terpenes is formed by photooxidation in a humid chamber (~50% RH). Using the hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), we measure the diameter-based hygroscopic growth factor (GF) of the SOA as a function of time and relative humidity. All SOA studied is found to be slightly hygroscopic, with smaller water uptake than that of typical inorganic aerosol substances. The aerosol water uptake increases with time early in the experiments for the cycloalkene SOA, but decreases with time for the biogenic SOA. This behavior could indicate competing effects between the formation of more highly oxidized polar compounds (more hygroscopic), and formation of longer-chained oligomers (less hygroscopic). All SOA also exhibit a smooth water uptake with RH with no deliquescence or efflorescence. The water uptake curves are found to be fitted well with an empirical three-parameter functional form. The measured pure organic GF values at 85% RH are between 1.09\u20131.16 for SOA from ozonolysis of cycloalkenes, 1.01\u20131.04 for sesquiterpene photooxidation SOA, and 1.06\u20131.11 for the monoterpene and oxygenated terpene SOA. The GF of pure SOA (GForg) in experiments in which inorganic seed aerosol is used is determined by assuming volume-weighted water uptake (Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson or ''ZSR'' approach) and using the size-resolved organic mass fraction measured by the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. Knowing the water content associated with the inorganic fraction yields GForg values. However, for each precursor, the GForg values computed from different HTDMA-classified diameters agree with each other to varying degrees. Lack of complete agreement may be a result of the non-idealities of the solutions that are not captured by the ZSR method. Comparing growth factors from different precursors, we find that GForg is inversely proportional to the precursor molecular weight and SOA yield, which is likely a result of the fact that higher-molecular weight precursors tend to produce larger and less hygroscopic oxidation products.", "date": "2006-02-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions", "volume": "6", "number": "1", "publisher": "European Geosciences Union", "pagerange": "1121-1177", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:VARacpd06", "issn": "1680-7375", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VARacpd06", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0119510" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0443448" }, { "agency": "California Air Resources Board", "grant_number": "00-732" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0333817" } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "VARacpd06.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/r8zb4-m9a48/files/VARacpd06.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Varutbangkul, V.; Brechtel, F. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sqb9h-zcj30", "eprint_id": 59715, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:09:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Taylor-P-E", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Philip E." } }, { "id": "Esch-R", "name": { "family": "Esch", "given": "Robert" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "House-J", "name": { "family": "House", "given": "James" } }, { "id": "Tran-L", "name": { "family": "Tran", "given": "Lisa" } }, { "id": "Glovsky-M-M", "name": { "family": "Glovsky", "given": "M. Michael" } } ] }, "title": "Identification and Possible Disease Mechanisms of an Under-Recognized Fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel. \n\nReceived: January 10, 2005. Accepted after revision: August 18, 2005. Published online: November 4, 2005. \n\nThis work was supported by the Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center (NIEHS grant number 5P30 ES07048), Philip Morris USA Inc., Philip Morris International. P.T. was supported by a Boswell Fellowship which is a joint position intended to foster cooperation between Caltech and the Huntington Medical Research Institute. We thank Dr. Kyria Boundy-Mills, curator of the Pfaff Yeast Culture Collection, California Institute of Food and Agricultural Research, Davis, Calif., for the sequencing, Quest Nichols Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, Calif., for ImmunoCAP analysis, and Dr. Norman H. Brooks at Caltech for supplying rainfall data.", "abstract": "Background: Investigations into the occurrence and health effects of yeast-like fungi in the outdoor air in the US have been limited. We sought to identify a respirable-sized fungus common in the Pasadena air, locate a major source for the emissions and investigate its relevance to allergic disease. \n\nMethods: Yeast-like fungi sampled from the environment were isolated, microscopically examined and sequenced. Pasadena allergy patients were skin tested with commercially available fungal extracts. Patient serum was immunoanalyzed for specific IgE reactivity. Nearby vegetation was analyzed in a controlled emission chamber to find a major source for the aerosols. \n\nResults: Hyaline unicellular conidia comprised up to 90% (41,250 m^(\u20133) of air) of total fungal counts and generally peaked at night and during periods of rainfall and ensuing winds throughout the fall and winter. Flowers were determined to be a major source of the emissions. The cellular and colonial morphology of isolates were consistent with Aureobasidium species. The sequence of the D1/D2 region of the 26S ribosomal subunit of isolates from flowers showed identity to two strains of Aureobasidium pullulans (black yeast). Seventeen percent (16/94) of atopic individuals had positive skin testing with A. pullulans extract. Patient sera IgE identified several high molecular weight allergens in Aureobasidium extracts. \n\nConclusions: Respirable-sized conidia of A. pullulans are emitted from flowers and form high concentrations in the air. They are associated with immediate reactivity on skin tests, bind to patient sera IgE, and might be relevant in allergic upper and lower airway diseases.", "date": "2006-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "International Archives of Allergy and Immunology", "volume": "139", "number": "1", "publisher": "Karger", "pagerange": "45-52", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-104149646", "issn": "1018-2438", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-104149646", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Southern California Environmental Health Sciences Center" }, { "agency": "NIEHS", "grant_number": "5P30 ES07048" }, { "agency": "Philip Morris USA" }, { "agency": "Philip Morris International" }, { "agency": "Caltech" }, { "agency": "Huntington Medical Research Institute (HMRI)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1159/000089522", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Taylor, Philip E.; Esch, Robert; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4ncj4-q7m59", "eprint_id": 4675, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:51:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 17:52:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Olsen-A-P", "name": { "family": "Olsen", "given": "Adam P." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Kornfield-J-A", "name": { "family": "Kornfield", "given": "Julia A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6746-8634" } ] }, "title": "Single-particle levitation system for automated study of homogeneous solute nucleation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "electrostatic devices; nucleation; crystal growth from solution; humidity; chemical potential; humidity control; automation", "note": "\u00a92006 American Institute of Physics \n\n(Received 3 April 2006; accepted 13 May 2006; published online 5 July 2006) \n\nThis work was funded by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0505393 and the MRSEC Program under award DMR-0080065). The authors would also like to thank Professor Gary Lorden of Caltech for discussions regarding statistical analysis, and Professor Bill Bridges of Caltech for assistance in designing the optics for collection of Mie scattering.", "abstract": "We present an instrument that addresses two critical requirements for quantitative measurements of the homogeneous crystal nucleation rate in supersaturated aqueous solution. First, the need to perform repeated measurements of nucleation incubation times is met by automating experiments to enable programmable cycling of thermodynamic conditions. Second, the need for precise and robust control of the chemical potential in supersaturated aqueous solution is met by implementing a novel technique for regulating relative humidity. The apparatus levitates and weighs micron-sized samples in an electric field, providing access to highly supersaturated states. We report repeated observations of the crystal nucleation incubation time in a supersaturated aqueous sodium chloride droplet, from which we infer the nucleation rate.", "date": "2006-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "volume": "77", "number": "7", "publisher": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "pagerange": "Art. No. 073901", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:OLSrsi06", "issn": "0034-6748", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:OLSrsi06", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2212945", "primary_object": { "basename": "OLSrsi06.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4ncj4-q7m59/files/OLSrsi06.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Olsen, Adam P.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e6j9r-nx357", "eprint_id": 59752, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:06:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:40:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lee-Anita", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Anita" } }, { "id": "Goldstein-A-H", "name": { "family": "Goldstein", "given": "Allen H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4014-4896" }, { "id": "Keywood-M-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "Melita D." } }, { "id": "Gao-Song", "name": { "family": "Gao", "given": "Song" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7427-6681" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Gas-phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the ozonolysis of ten different terpenes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 29 June 2005; revised 14 November 2005; accepted 30 December 2005; published 5 April 2006. \n\nThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation, under grants 0119510 and 0443448, and the California Air Resources Board (contract 00-732). A. Lee was supported by a Graduate Research Education Fellowship from the Department of Energy's Global Change Education Program. The Caltech Indoor Chamber Facility is supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program, grant RD-83107501-0. The authors are grateful to Jesse H. Kroll for helpful discussions on oxidation mechanisms.\n\nPublished - 242-Lee-2006.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd12489-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12489-sup-0002-t02.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12489-sup-0003-t03.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12489-sup-0004-t04.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd12489-sup-0005-t05.txt
", "abstract": "The ozonolyses of six monoterpenes (\u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, 3-carene, terpinolene, \u03b1-terpinene, and myrcene), two sesquiterpenes (\u03b1-humulene and \u03b2-caryophyllene), and two oxygenated terpenes (methyl chavicol and linalool) were conducted individually in Teflon chambers to examine the gas-phase oxidation product and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields from these reactions. Particle size distribution and number concentration were monitored and allowed for the calculation of the SOA yield from each experiment, which ranged from 1 to 54%. A proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) was used to monitor the evolution of gas-phase products, identified by their mass to charge ratio (m/z). Several gas-phase oxidation products, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetone, acetic acid, and nopinone, were identified and calibrated. Aerosol yields, and the yields of these identified and calibrated oxidation products, as well as many higher m/z oxidation products observed with the PTR-MS, varied significantly between the different parent terpene compounds. The sum of measured oxidation products in the gas and particle phase ranged from 33 to 77% of the carbon in the reacted terpenes, suggesting there are still unmeasured products from these reactions. The observations of the higher molecular weight oxidation product ions provide evidence of previously unreported compounds and their temporal evolution in the smog chamber from multistep oxidation processes. Many of the observed ions, including m/z 111 and 113, have also been observed in ambient air above a Ponderosa pine forest canopy, and our results confirm they are consistent with products from terpene + O_3 reactions. Many of these products are stable on the timescale of our experiments and can therefore be monitored in field campaigns as evidence for ozone oxidative chemistry.", "date": "2006", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "111", "number": "D7", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D07302", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-163223971", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-163223971", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-0119510" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AGS-0443448" }, { "agency": "California Air Resources Board", "grant_number": "00-732" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2005JD006437", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd12489-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e6j9r-nx357/files/jgrd12489-sup-0002-t02.txt" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd12489-sup-0003-t03.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e6j9r-nx357/files/jgrd12489-sup-0003-t03.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12489-sup-0004-t04.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e6j9r-nx357/files/jgrd12489-sup-0004-t04.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd12489-sup-0005-t05.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e6j9r-nx357/files/jgrd12489-sup-0005-t05.txt" }, { "basename": "242-Lee-2006.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e6j9r-nx357/files/242-Lee-2006.pdf" }, { "basename": "jgrd12489-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e6j9r-nx357/files/jgrd12489-sup-0001-t01.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Lee, Anita; Goldstein, Allen H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0grk8-qf566", "eprint_id": 59713, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:51:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kroll-J-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "Jesse H." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Murphy-S-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Shane M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Chamber studies of secondary organic aerosol growth by reactive uptake of simple carbonyl compounds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 21 March 2005; revised 18 August 2005; accepted 19 September 2005; published 6 December 2005. \n\nThis research was funded by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program grant RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER), and by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG03-01ER63099. The authors are grateful to R. Bahreini for assistance with operation of the aerosol mass spectrometer; to A. Nenes for aid in calculating water content of the inorganic seed; to J. D. Crounse, C. M. Roehl, and P. O. Wennberg for the use of and aid with their FTIR spectrometer for the characterization of gas-phase glyoxal; and to B. Nozi\u00e8re and R. Volkamer for helpful discussions.\n\nPublished - 232-Kroll-2005.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd12200-sup-0001-t01.txt
", "abstract": "Recent experimental evidence indicates that heterogeneous chemical reactions play an important role in the gas-particle partitioning of organic compounds, contributing to the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosol in the atmosphere. Here we present laboratory chamber studies of the reactive uptake of simple carbonyl species (formaldehyde, octanal, trans,trans-2,4-hexadienal, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 2,3-butanedione, 2,4-pentanedione, glutaraldehyde, and hydroxyacetone) onto inorganic aerosol. Gas-phase organic compounds and aqueous seed particles (ammonium sulfate or mixed ammonium sulfate/sulfuric acid) are introduced into the chamber, and particle growth and composition are monitored using a differential mobility analyzer and an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. No growth is observed for most carbonyls studied, even at high concentrations (500 ppb to 5 ppm), in contrast with the results from previous studies. The single exception is glyoxal (CHOCHO), which partitions into the aqueous aerosol much more efficiently than its Henry's law constant would predict. No major enhancement in particle growth is observed for the acidic seed, suggesting that the large glyoxal uptake is not a result of particle acidity but rather of ionic strength of the seed. This increased partitioning into the particle phase still cannot explain the high levels of glyoxal measured in ambient aerosol, indicating that additional (possibly irreversible) pathways of glyoxal uptake may be important in the atmosphere.", "date": "2005-12-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "110", "number": "D23", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D23207", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-103824721", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-103824721", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-01ER63099" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2005JD006004", "primary_object": { "basename": "232-Kroll-2005.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0grk8-qf566/files/232-Kroll-2005.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd12200-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0grk8-qf566/files/jgrd12200-sup-0001-t01.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Kroll, Jesse H.; Ng, Nga L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/reyjr-58p79", "eprint_id": 59714, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:24:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kroll-J-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "Jesse H." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Murphy-S-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Shane M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6415-2607" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation under high-NO_x conditions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 26 May 2005; revised 10 August 2005; accepted 22 August 2005; published 23 September 2005. \n\nThis work was supported by the Department of Energy, Award DE-FG02-05ER63983, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, grant RD-83107501-0; it has not been subjected to the EPA's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.\n\nPublished - 233-Kroll-2005.pdf
Supplemental Material - grl20228-sup-0001-t01.txt
", "abstract": "The oxidation of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is known to play a central role in the photochemistry of the troposphere, but is generally not considered to lead to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), due to the relatively high volatility of known reaction products. However, in the chamber studies described here, we measure SOA production from isoprene photooxidation under high-NO_x conditions, at significantly lower isoprene concentrations than had been observed previously. Mass yields are low (0.9\u20133.0%), but because of large emissions, isoprene photooxidation may still contribute substantially to global SOA production. Results from photooxidation experiments of compounds structurally similar to isoprene (1,3-butadiene and 2- and 3-methyl-1-butene) suggest that SOA formation from isoprene oxidation proceeds from the further reaction of first-generation oxidation products (i.e., the oxidative attack of both double bonds). The gas-phase chemistry of such oxidation products is in general poorly characterized and warrants further study.", "date": "2005-09-28", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geophysical Research Letters", "volume": "32", "number": "18", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. L18808,", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-104004781", "issn": "0094-8276", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-104004781", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-05ER63983" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2005GL023637", "primary_object": { "basename": "233-Kroll-2005.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/reyjr-58p79/files/233-Kroll-2005.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "grl20228-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/reyjr-58p79/files/grl20228-sup-0001-t01.txt" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Kroll, Jesse H.; Ng, Nga L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p7b5r-qx325", "eprint_id": 68638, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:12:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:23:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Holunga-D-M", "name": { "family": "Holunga", "given": "Dean M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" } ] }, "title": "A Scalable Turbulent Mixing Aerosol Reactor for Oxide-Coated Silicon Nanoparticles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review September 1, 2004. Revised manuscript received April 5, 2005. Accepted April 6, 2005. Publication Date (Web): May 10, 2005. \n\nThis work was supported by NSF Grant ECS-0103543. Special thanks to Carol Garland for assistance in high resolution transmission electron microscopy.", "abstract": "A new, turbulent flow aerosol reactor is described that enables synthesis of uniformly sized aerosol nanoparticles during a residence time of a few milliseconds. The short residence time allows processing of high number concentration aerosols, in excess of 10^9 cm^(-3), to be processed with minimal coagulation, leading to an aerosol throughput approaching 10^(11) particles cm^(-3) s^(-1). Turbulent mixing speeds thermal and chemical transport beyond diffusional limits inherent in laminar flow reactors, providing the thermal energy to drive chemical reactions, coalescence, densification, and crystallization of particles. With enhanced transport, residence time in the reactor can be reduced, thus limiting coagulate particle growth while maintaining a high throughput of nonlayered or multilayered aerosol particles. The turbulence that enables rapid mixing is generated by dissipation of kinetic energy supplied to the reactor by high velocity gas jets. The apparatus described here increased the throughput by a factor of 100 above previous laminar flow reactors, and the induced fast mixing enables scale-up to much higher throughput. Characterization of particles by differential mobility analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed uniformity in size and composition.", "date": "2005-08-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research", "volume": "44", "number": "16", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "6332-6341", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160623-123548776", "issn": "0888-5885", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160623-123548776", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ECS-0103543" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/ie049172l", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Holunga, Dean M.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hrawe-h2305", "eprint_id": 59712, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:12:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Keywood-M-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "M. D." } }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "N. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "V." } }, { "id": "Gao-Song", "name": { "family": "Gao", "given": "S." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7427-6681" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Worsnop-D-R", "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "D. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "id": "Jimenez-J-L", "name": { "family": "Jimenez", "given": "J. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6203-1847" } ] }, "title": "Measurements of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Oxidation of Cycloalkenes, Terpenes, and m-Xylene Using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review December 7, 2004. Revised manuscript received April 27, 2005. Accepted May 19, 2005. \n\nThis research was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program grant number RD-83107501-0, managed by EPA's Office of Research and Development (ORD), National Center for Environmental Research (NCER), U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG03-01ER63099, and by the National Science Foundation grant ATM-0340832. We thank J. D. Allan (UMIST) for fundamental AMS data analysis software, M. R. Canagaratna and T. Onasch (Aerodyne Research, Inc.) for developing the software for ion series analysis of AMS data, and F. Brechtel (Caltech and Brechtel Manufacturing Inc.) for helpful discussions.", "abstract": "he Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) was used to characterize physical and chemical properties of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during ozonolysis of cycloalkenes and biogenic hydrocarbons and photooxidation of m-xylene. Comparison of mass and volume distributions from the AMS and differential mobility analyzers yielded estimates of \"effective\" density of the SOA in the range of 0.64\u22121.45 g/cm^3, depending on the particular system. Increased contribution of the fragment at m/z 44, CO_2^+ ion fragment of oxygenated organics, and higher \"\u0394\" values, based on ion series analysis of the mass spectra, in nucleation experiments of cycloalkenes suggest greater contribution of more oxygenated molecules to the SOA as compared to those formed under seeded experiments. Dominant negative \"\u0394\" values of SOA formed during ozonolysis of biogenics indicates the presence of terpene derivative structures or cyclic or unsaturated oxygenated compounds in the SOA. Evidence of acid-catalyzed heterogeneous chemistry, characterized by greater contribution of higher molecular weight fragments to the SOA and corresponding changes in \"\u0394\" patterns, is observed in the ozonolysis of \u03b1-pinene. Mass spectra of SOA formed during photooxidation of m-xylene exhibit features consistent with the presence of furandione compounds and nitro organics. This study demonstrates that mixtures of SOA compounds produced from similar precursors result in broadly similar AMS mass spectra. Thus, fragmentation patterns observed for biogenic versus anthropogenic SOA may be useful in determining the sources of ambient SOA.", "date": "2005-08-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "39", "number": "15", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "5674-5688", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-103607449", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-103607449", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-01ER63099" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0340832" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es048061a", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Bahreini, R.; Keywood, M. D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/11h3b-9z605", "eprint_id": 59756, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 03:50:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:41:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Phillips-V-T-J", "name": { "family": "Phillips", "given": "Vaughan T. J." } }, { "id": "Andronache-C", "name": { "family": "Andronache", "given": "Constantin" } }, { "id": "Sherwood-S-C", "name": { "family": "Sherwood", "given": "Steven C." } }, { "id": "Bansemer-A", "name": { "family": "Bansemer", "given": "Aaron" } }, { "id": "Conant-W-C", "name": { "family": "Conant", "given": "William C." } }, { "id": "DeMott-P-J", "name": { "family": "DeMott", "given": "Paul J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Heymsfield-A", "name": { "family": "Heymsfield", "given": "Andy" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Poellot-M", "name": { "family": "Poellot", "given": "Micheal" } }, { "id": "Rissman-T-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "Tracey A." } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "VanReken-T-M", "name": { "family": "VanReken", "given": "Tim" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Wilson-J-C", "name": { "family": "Wilson", "given": "James C." } } ] }, "title": "Anvil glaciation in a deep cumulus updraught over Florida simulated with the Explicit Microphysics Model. I: Impact of various nucleation processes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Aerosol particles; Homogeneous aerosol freezing; Secondary droplet nucleation", "note": "\u00a9 2005 Royal Meteorological Society. \n\n(Received 1 June 2004; revised 22 December 2004) \n\nThis project has been supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA; NAG5-12056) as part of the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign. The first author was supported by Princeton University's AOS Program. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ann Fridlind and colleagues at NASA (Ames) who provided the tracer profiles used in setting up the EMM. The first author is grateful to Ruei-Fong Lin, Sonia Lasher-Trapp, Bjorn Stevens and Graham Feingold for illuminating discussions, and to Professor Alexander Khain for allowing some HUCM data to be used in the EMM.", "abstract": "Simulations of a cumulonimbus cloud observed in the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers\u2013Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) with an advanced version of the Explicit Microphysics Model (EMM) are presented. The EMM has size-resolved aerosols and predicts the time evolution of sizes, bulk densities and axial ratios of ice particles. Observations by multiple aircraft in the troposphere provide inputs to the model, including observations of the ice nuclei and of the entire size distribution of condensation nuclei.\n\nHomogeneous droplet freezing is found to be the source of almost all of the ice crystals in the anvil updraught of this particular model cloud. Most of the simulated droplets that freeze to form anvil crystals appear to be nucleated by activation of aerosols far above cloud base in the interior of the cloud ('secondary' or 'in-cloud' droplet nucleation). This is partly because primary droplets formed at cloud base are invariably depleted by accretion before they can reach the anvil base in the updraught, which promotes an increase with height of the average supersaturation in the updraught aloft. More than half of these aerosols, activated far above cloud base, are entrained into the updraught of this model cloud from the lateral environment above about 5 km above mean sea level. This confirms the importance of remote sources of atmospheric aerosol for anvil glaciation.\n\nOther nucleation processes impinge indirectly upon the anvil glaciation by modifying the concentration of supercooled droplets in the upper levels of the mixed-phase region. For instance, the warm-rain process produces a massive indirect impact on the anvil crystal concentration, because it determines the mass of precipitation forming in the updraught. It competes with homogeneous freezing as a sink for cloud droplets. The effects from turbulent enhancement of the warm-rain process and from other nucleation processes on the anvil ice properties are assessed.", "date": "2005-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society", "volume": "131", "number": "609", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "2019-2046", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-171117048", "issn": "0035-9009", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-171117048", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAG5-12056" }, { "agency": "Princeton University" } ] }, "doi": "10.1256/qj.04.85", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Phillips, Vaughan T. J.; Andronache, Constantin; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gqyq1-r9d71", "eprint_id": 120615, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 03:52:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:55:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ostraat-Michele-L", "name": { "family": "Ostraat", "given": "Michele L." } }, { "id": "Brongersma-Mark-L", "name": { "family": "Brongersma", "given": "Mark" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1777-8970" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Nanoengineered silicon/silicon dioxide nanoparticle heterostructures", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Condensed Matter Physics; General Materials Science; General Chemistry", "note": "This work was supported by NSF grant number DMR-9871850.", "abstract": "Engineering control of nanostructures is becoming increasingly important as nanotechnology applications develop and as device features shrink. In many nanotechnology-driven applications, bottoms-up fabrication of devices offers many inherent advantages over conventional top-down approaches typically employed today. In order to be commercially viable, bottoms-up fabrication methodologies must rely upon the synthesis and assembly of nanoengineered structures. The silicon nanoparticle-based floating-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor is an example of a device that incorporates nanostructures and is an attractive candidate for terabit cm\u207b\u00b2 density nonvolatile memory applications. However, variability in the size, location, and interface electronic quality of the nanoparticles in an ensemble limits device performance. To reduce device variability, the Si nanoparticle layer can be fabricated using a bottoms-up approach. Aerosol Si nanoparticles are synthesized by thermal decomposition of silane gas in a reactor optimized to produce spherical, single-crystal, nonagglomerated nanoparticles. The aerosol nanoparticles are size-classified with a differential mobility analyzer to produce narrow size distributions. Uniform oxide layers in the nanometer thickness range are then formed on the Si nanoparticles, either by thermal oxidation or by aerosol vapor phase tetraethylorthosilicate deposition. Electronic measurements indicate that high temperature thermal SiO\u2082 and deposited tetraethylorthosilicate-derived SiO\u2082 form shells of sufficient quality and thickness to isolate electrically adjacent nanoparticles from each other. Photoluminescence measurements used to probe the Si/SiO\u2082 interface indicate the presence of a high quality interface between deposited tetraethylorthosilicate oxide and Si nanoparticles.", "date": "2005-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Solid State Sciences", "volume": "7", "number": "7", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "882-890", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-865157000.2", "issn": "1293-2558", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-865157000.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-9871850" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2005.01.019", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Ostraat, Michele L.; Brongersma, Mark; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/06hfz-n4a07", "eprint_id": 59711, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:53:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:21", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chen-Junhong", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Junhong" } }, { "id": "Conant-W-C", "name": { "family": "Conant", "given": "William C." } }, { "id": "Rissman-T-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "Tracey A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Effect of Angle of Attack on the Performance of an Airborne Counterflow Virtual Impactor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 29 October 2004; accepted 8 April 2005.", "abstract": "A three-dimensional model has been developed within the framework of the commercial computational fluid dynamics program, FLUENT\u00ae, to investigate the collection efficiency of an airborne counterflow virtual impactor (CVI). The model assumes steady-state, isothermal, compressible, and turbulent flow. Particle trajectories are computed based on the Lagrangian discrete phase model (DPM). In addition to predicting the effects of flight velocity and counterflow rate on the particle collection efficiency, as do prior models, the model quantifies the effect of flight attack angle on the particle collection efficiency. With an angle of attack as small as 5\u00b0, the CVI collection efficiency drastically degrades at large particle sizes, and only particles with intermediate sizes are collected. Smaller particles do not have sufficient inertia to fight the counterflow, and larger particles tend to impact the CVI inner walls and are lost to the CVI walls. The modeling results show that the alignment between the free stream flow and the CVI inlet is critical to the performance of the CVI.", "date": "2005-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "39", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "485-491", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-103220235", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-103220235", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/027868290964838", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Chen, Junhong; Conant, William C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/38h1e-h0692", "eprint_id": 50942, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:39:47", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:39:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "VanReken-T-M", "name": { "family": "VanReken", "given": "Timothy M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Cloud condensation nucleus activation properties of biogenic secondary organic aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Copyright 2005 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 24 September 2004; revised 6 January 2005; accepted 26 January 2005; published 6 April 2005. \n\nThis research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grant DE-FG02-01ER63099, and by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency grant RD-83107501-0. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the view of the Agency, and no official endorsements should be inferred. The authors would like to thank R. Bahreini for assistance with the aerosol calibration system.\n\nPublished - jgrd11867.pdf
Supplemental Material - jgrd11867-sup-0001-t01.txt
Supplemental Material - jgrd11867-sup-0002-t02.txt
", "abstract": "Organic aerosols in general and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in particular are known to contribute significantly to the atmospheric population of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). However, current knowledge is limited with respect to the nature of this contribution. This study presents a series of experiments wherein the potential for biogenically derived SOA to act as CCN is explored. Five compounds were studied: four monoterpenes (\u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, limonene, and \u0394^3-carene) and one terpenoid alcohol (terpinene-4-ol). In each case the aerosol formation was driven by the reaction of ozone with the biogenic precursor. The SOA produced in each experiment was allowed to age for several hours, during which CCN concentrations were periodically measured at four supersaturations: S = 0.27%, 0.32%, 0.54%, and 0.80%. The calculated relationships between particle dry diameter and critical supersaturation were found to fall in the range of previously reported data for single-component organic aerosols; of the systems studied, \u03b1-pinene SOA was the least CCN active, while limonene SOA exhibited the strongest CCN activity. Interestingly, the inferred critical supersaturation of the SOA products was considerably more sensitive to particle diameter than was found in previous studies. Furthermore, the relationships between particle size and critical supersaturation for the monoterpene SOA shifted considerably over the course of the experiments, with the aerosol becoming less hygroscopic over time. These results are consistent with the progressive oligomerization of the SOA.", "date": "2005-04-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "110", "number": "D7", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D07206", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-125604441", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-125604441", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG02-01ER63099" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2004JD005465", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd11867-sup-0001-t01.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/38h1e-h0692/files/jgrd11867-sup-0001-t01.txt" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd11867-sup-0002-t02.txt", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/38h1e-h0692/files/jgrd11867-sup-0002-t02.txt" }, { "basename": "jgrd11867.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/38h1e-h0692/files/jgrd11867.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "VanReken, Timothy M.; Ng, Nga L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z8r20-7gm35", "eprint_id": 59710, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 03:21:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ostraat-M-L", "name": { "family": "Ostraat", "given": "Michele L." } }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The feasibility of inert colloidal processing of silicon nanoparticles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Aerosol; Nanoparticle; Colloid; Silicon; Passivation; TEOS; Colloid stability; Nanoparticle reactivity", "note": "\u00a9 2004 Elsevier. \n\nReceived 11 May 2004; accepted 9 September 2004. Available online 11 November 2004. \n\nThis work was supported by NSF Grant No. DMR-9871850.", "abstract": "Silicon nanoparticles have important applications, including nonvolatile floating-gate memory devices. To prevent device performance variations, particle size and oxide thicknesses need to be controlled with a high degree of precision. Additionally, producing well-ordered, two-dimensional arrays of nanoparticles may require the exploitation of self-assembly techniques and colloidal forces, which in turn requires that silicon nanoparticles first come into contact with liquids. Until recently, aerosol silicon nanoparticle collection into liquid was assumed to be an inert process. Once formed, the silicon nanoparticle colloid was assumed to be inert. In fact, silicon nanoparticles produced in the aerosol phase by dilute silane pyrolysis and size classified with a differential mobility analyzer undergo a size reduction upon collection in ethylene glycol, water, and ethanol. Unclassified polydisperse silicon aerosol nanoparticles with an average diameter of 11 nm become monodisperse when collected in a colloid and have a final particle diameter of 2\u20135 nm. Further evidence suggests that silicon nanoparticles collected in ethanol react with the ethanol to produce tetraalkylorthosilicate-like species. Collections of aerosol silicon nanoparticles in degassed water do not show measurable differences between the aerosol and colloidal size distributions. This reduced reactivity to the solvent indicates that the presence of dissolved oxygen in the solvent may be responsible for the reactivity between the silicon nanoparticles and the solvent.", "date": "2005-03-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "283", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "414-421", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-103036537", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-103036537", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-9871850" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.jcis.2004.09.032", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Ostraat, Michele L.; Atwater, Harry A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/19yvb-zqf13", "eprint_id": 59709, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:29:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sankaran-R-M", "name": { "family": "Sankaran", "given": "R. Mohan" } }, { "id": "Holunga-D-M", "name": { "family": "Holunga", "given": "Dean M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Giapis-K-P", "name": { "family": "Giapis", "given": "Konstantinos P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7393-298X" } ] }, "title": "Synthesis of Blue Luminescent Si Nanoparticles Using Atmospheric-Pressure Microdischarges", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived December 1, 2004; Revised Manuscript Received January 23, 2005. \n\nThe authors are grateful to Julie Biteen for assistance with the PL lifetime measurements and to the Tirrell group for the use of their fluorescence spectrometer. This article was based on work supported by NSF (CTS-0404353).\n\nSupplemental Material - nl0480060si20041201_112408.pdf
", "abstract": "Silicon nanoparticles are synthesized from a mixture of argon/silane in a continuous flow atmospheric-pressure microdischarge reactor. Particles nucleate and grow to a few nanometers (1\u22123 nm) in diameter before their growth is abruptly terminated in the short residence time microreactor. Narrow size distributions are obtained as inferred from size classification and imaging. As-grown Si nanoparticles collected in solution exhibit room-temperature photoluminescence that peaks at 420 nm with a quantum efficiency of 30%; the emission is stable for months in ambient air.", "date": "2005-03-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nano Letters", "volume": "5", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "537-541", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102900813", "issn": "1530-6984", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102900813", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-0404353" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/nl0480060", "primary_object": { "basename": "nl0480060si20041201_112408.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/19yvb-zqf13/files/nl0480060si20041201_112408.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Sankaran, R. Mohan; Holunga, Dean M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2ktwf-k4n70", "eprint_id": 55923, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:21:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:00:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "O'Dowd-C-D", "name": { "family": "O'Dowd", "given": "Colin D." } }, { "id": "Jimenez-J-L", "name": { "family": "Jimenez", "given": "Jose L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6203-1847" }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "H\u00e4meri-K", "name": { "family": "H\u00e4meri", "given": "Kaarle" } }, { "id": "Pirjola-L", "name": { "family": "Pirjola", "given": "Liisa" } }, { "id": "Kulmala-M", "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" } }, { "id": "Jennings-S-G", "name": { "family": "Jennings", "given": "S. Gerard" } }, { "id": "Hoffmann-T", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Thorsten" } } ] }, "title": "Marine aerosols and iodine emissions - Reply", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2005 Nature Publishing Group.", "abstract": "O'Dowd et al. reply - McFiggans raises some interesting, but partly speculative, issues about the possibility of additional condensable-iodine-vapour (CIV) precursors being involved in marine aerosol formation from biogenic iodine emissions, and about the relative roles of iodine oxide and sulphuric acid in the marine new-particle formation process.", "date": "2005-02-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "433", "number": "7026", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "E13-E14", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150319-091150586", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150319-091150586", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "O'Dowd, Colin D.; Jimenez, Jose L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7vd2g-qjn29", "eprint_id": 59708, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:52:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gao-Song", "name": { "family": "Gao", "given": "Song" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7427-6681" }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Keywood-Melita-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "Melita" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9953-6806" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-Varuntida", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Bahreini-Roya", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8292-5338" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "He-Jiwen", "name": { "family": "He", "given": "Jiwen" } }, { "id": "Yoo-Kee-Y", "name": { "family": "Yoo", "given": "Kee Y." } }, { "id": "Beauchamp-J-L", "name": { "family": "Beauchamp", "given": "J. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8839-4822" }, { "id": "Hodyss-Robert-P", "name": { "family": "Hodyss", "given": "Robert P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6523-3660" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Particle Phase Acidity and Oligomer Formation in Secondary Organic Aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review June 10, 2004. Revised manuscript received September 22, 2004. Accepted September 24, 2004. \n\nThis work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG03-01ER63099, Electric Power Research Institute, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency RD-83107501-0.\n\nSupplemental Material - es049125k_s.pdf
", "abstract": "A series of controlled laboratory experiments are carried out in dual Teflon chambers to examine the presence of oligomers in secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from hydrocarbon ozonolysis as well as to explore the effect of particle phase acidity on SOA formation. In all seven hydrocarbon systems studied (i.e., \u03b1-pinene, cyclohexene, 1-methyl cyclopentene, cycloheptene, 1-methyl cyclohexene, cyclooctene, and terpinolene), oligomers with MW from 250 to 1600 are present in the SOA formed, both in the absence and presence of seed particles and regardless of the seed particle acidity. These oligomers are comparable to, and in some cases, exceed the low molecular weight species (MW < 250) in ion intensities in the ion trap mass spectra, suggesting they may comprise a substantial fraction of the total aerosol mass. It is possible that oligomers are widely present in atmospheric organic aerosols, formed through acid- or base-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions. In addition, as the seed particle acidity increases, larger oligomers are formed more abundantly in the SOA; consequently, the overall SOA yield also increases. This explicit effect of particle phase acidity on the composition and yield of SOA may have important climatic consequences and need to be considered in relevant models.", "date": "2004-12-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "38", "number": "24", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "6582-6589", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102702345", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102702345", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-01ER63099" }, { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es049125k", "primary_object": { "basename": "es049125k_s.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7vd2g-qjn29/files/es049125k_s.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Gao, Song; Ng, Nga L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ks85h-wnx53", "eprint_id": 59706, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:41:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:37:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gao-Song", "name": { "family": "Gao", "given": "Song" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7427-6681" }, { "id": "Keywood-Melita-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "Melita" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9953-6806" }, { "id": "Ng-Nga-Lee", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Nga L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8460-4765" }, { "id": "Surratt-Jason-D", "name": { "family": "Surratt", "given": "Jason D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6833-1450" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-Varuntida", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Bahreini-Roya", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8292-5338" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Low-Molecular-Weight and Oligomeric Components in Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Ozonolysis of Cycloalkenes and \u03b1-Pinene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: June 11, 2004; In Final Form: August 30, 2004. \n\nThis work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy Biological and Environmental Research Program DE-FG03-01ER63099, Electric Power Research Institute, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency RD-83107501-0. We thank Jiwen He, Kee-Yoon Yoo, and Athanasios Nenes for assistance with calculating pH values of seed aerosols used in the \u03b1-pinene ozonolysis experiments. J. L. Beauchamp and R. Hodyss are acknowledged for their help with the use of ion trap mass spectrometry.\n\nSupplemental Material - jp047466esi20040830_023400.pdf
", "abstract": "The composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the ozonolysis of C_5\u2212C_8 cycloalkenes and \u03b1-pinene, as well as the effects of hydrocarbon precursor structure and particle-phase acidity on SOA formation, have been investigated by a series of controlled laboratory chamber experiments. A liquid chromatography\u2212mass spectrometer and an ion trap mass spectrometer are used concurrently to identify and to quantify SOA components with molecular weights up to 1600 Da. Diacids, carbonyl-containing acids, diacid alkyl esters, and hydroxy diacids are the four major classes of low-molecular-weight (MW < 250 Da) components in the SOA; together they comprise 42\u221283% of the total SOA mass, assuming an aerosol density of 1.4 g/cm^3. In addition, oligomers (MW > 250 Da) are found to be present in all SOA. Using surrogate standards, it is estimated that the mass fraction of oligomers in the total SOA is at least 10% for the cycloalkene systems (with six or more carbons) and well over 50% for the \u03b1-pinene system. Higher seed particle acidity is found to lead to more rapid oligomer formation and, ultimately, to higher SOA yields. Because oligomers are observed to form even in the absence of seed particles, organic acids produced from hydrocarbon oxidation itself may readily promote acid catalysis and oligomer formation. The distinct effects of carbon numbers, substituent groups, and isomeric structures of the precursor hydrocarbons on the composition and yield of SOA formed are also discussed.", "date": "2004-11-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry A", "volume": "108", "number": "46", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "10147-10164", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102409741", "issn": "1089-5639", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102409741", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-01ER63099" }, { "agency": "Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-83107501-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/jp047466e", "primary_object": { "basename": "jp047466esi20040830_023400.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ks85h-wnx53/files/jp047466esi20040830_023400.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Gao, Song; Keywood, Melita; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v31f2-yqr89", "eprint_id": 59705, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:38:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:37:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Dhaniyala-S", "name": { "family": "Dhaniyala", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "P. O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Fahey-D-W", "name": { "family": "Fahey", "given": "D. W." } }, { "id": "Northway-M-J", "name": { "family": "Northway", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Gao-R-S", "name": { "family": "Gao", "given": "R. S." } }, { "id": "Bui-T-P", "name": { "family": "Bui", "given": "T. P." } } ] }, "title": "Stratospheric Aerosol Sampling: Effect of a Blunt-Body Housing on Inlet Sampling Characteristics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 18 February 2004; accepted 2 September 2004. \n\nThe authors would like to thank NASA Dryden for providing the photographs of the ER-2 and the NOy instrument shown in Figure 1. We would like to thank the SOLVE team for the technical and logistical help during the campaign. P. O. Wennberg thanks NASA's UARP for funding support.", "abstract": "During a campaign to study ozone loss mechanisms in the Arctic stratosphere (SOLVE), several instruments on NASA's ER-2 aircraft observed a very low number density (0.1 I^(\u22121)) of large, nitric-acid-containing particles that form the polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). For effective physical and chemical characterization of these particles, the measurements from these instruments have to be intercompared and integrated. In particular, proper interpretation requires knowledge of the sampling characteristics of the particles into the instruments. Here, we present the calculation of the sampling characteristics of the one of the instruments on the ER-2, the NOAA NOy instrument. This instrument sampled ambient particles and gas from two forward-facing inlets located fore and aft on a particle-separation housing (the football) and measured total NOy in the sample. In recent studies, ambient aerosol mass has been estimated by the difference of the measurements of the two inlets with the assumption that the rear inlet observations represent the gas-phase NOy and small particles and the front inlet samples represent gas-phase NOy and all particle sizes with varied efficiency (anisokinetic sampling). This knowledge was derived largely from semiempirical relations and potential flow studies of the housing. In our study, we used CFD simulations to model the compressible flow conditions and considered noncontinuum effects in calculating particle trajectories. Our simulations show that the blunt body housing the inlets has a strong and complex interaction with the flow and particles sampled by the two inlets. The simulations show that the front inlet characteristics are influenced by the effect of the blunt body on the upstream pressure field. The rear inlet sampling characteristics are influenced both by the shape and size of the inlet and its location on the blunt body. These interactions result in calculated inlet characteristics that are significantly different from previously assumed values. Analysis of the SOLVE data, considering the ambient conditions and the calculated inlet sampling characteristics, in conjunction with thermodynamic growth modeling of super-cooled ternary solution (STS) particles, provides validation of the CFD results.", "date": "2004-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "38", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "1080-1090", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102244516", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102244516", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/027868290885818", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Dhaniyala, S.; Wennberg, P. O.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zdb9y-bkk23", "eprint_id": 50940, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:34:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:39:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kahn-R-A", "name": { "family": "Kahn", "given": "Ralph A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Environmental snapshots from ACE-Asia", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosols; environmental snapshots; dust; pollution; atmospheric closure", "note": "Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 8 November 2003; revised 11 February 2004; accepted 12 April 2004; published 5 October 2004. \n\nWe thank our many ACE-Asia colleagues for their support of this effort, including the ACE-Asia project staff, flight teams, ground teams, and funding agencies. The Joint Office of Science Support (JOSS), under the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), provided major logistical support for the U.S. portion of this effort. The work of R. Kahn is supported in part by the Climate and Radiation Research and Analysis Program in the Earth Sciences Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, under D. Anderson, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs under J. Levy, and the NASA EOS-MISR instrument program. His work is performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The MISR effort was also assisted by the MISR Team, including David Diner, Barbara Gaitley, Earl Hansen, Duncan McDonald, John Martonchik, and Kyle Miller. This research is a contribution to the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Core Project of the International Geosphere Biosphere Program (IGBP) and is part of the IGAC Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACE).\n\nPublished - jgrd11124.pdf
", "abstract": "On five occasions spanning the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) field campaign in spring 2001, the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer spaceborne instrument took data coincident with high-quality observations by instruments on two or more surface and airborne platforms. The cases capture a range of clean, polluted, and dusty aerosol conditions. With a three-stage optical modeling process, we synthesize the data from over 40 field instruments into layer-by-layer environmental snapshots that summarize what we know about the atmospheric and surface states at key locations during each event. We compare related measurements and discuss the implications of apparent discrepancies, at a level of detail appropriate for satellite retrieval algorithm and aerosol transport model validation. Aerosols within a few kilometers of the surface were composed primarily of pollution and Asian dust mixtures, as expected. Medium- and coarse-mode particle size distributions varied little among the events studied; however, column aerosol optical depth changed by more than a factor of 4, and the near-surface proportion of dust ranged between 25% and 50%. The amount of absorbing material in the submicron fraction was highest when near-surface winds crossed Beijing and the Korean Peninsula and was considerably lower for all other cases. Having simultaneous single-scattering albedo measurements at more than one wavelength would significantly reduce the remaining optical model uncertainties. The consistency of component particle microphysical properties among the five events, even in this relatively complex aerosol environment, suggests that global, satellite-derived maps of aerosol optical depth and aerosol mixture (air-mass-type) extent, combined with targeted in situ component microphysical property measurements, can provide a detailed global picture of aerosol behavior.", "date": "2004-10-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "109", "number": "D19", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D19S14", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-123620570", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-123620570", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" }, { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2003JD004339", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd11124.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zdb9y-bkk23/files/jgrd11124.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Kahn, Ralph A.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/j2yse-7vq95", "eprint_id": 59707, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:29:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:38:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Taylor-P-E", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "P. E." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Miguel-A-G", "name": { "family": "Miguel", "given": "A. G." } }, { "id": "Valenta-R", "name": { "family": "Valenta", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Glovsky-M-M", "name": { "family": "Glovsky", "given": "M. M." } } ] }, "title": "Birch pollen rupture and the release of aerosols of respirable allergens", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "birch; particulate aerosol; pollen allergens; pollen rupture; respirable particles", "note": "\u00a9 2004 Blackwell. \n\nSubmitted 28 July 2003; revised 23 April 2004; accepted 24 May 2004. \n\nWe thank Sarah Flores, Pasadena City College for permission to sample birch trees and Pat Koen for assistance with microscopy. This work was funded by the Sunair Children's Foundation of Altadena, California, the Ayrshire Foundation, Pasadena, Philip Morris USA, Inc., Philip Morris International and grant Y068GEN of the Austrian Science Fund.", "abstract": "Backgound: Birch pollen allergens have been implicated as asthma triggers; however, pollen grains are too large to reach the lower airways where asthmatic reactions occur. Respirable-sized particles containing birch pollen allergens have been detected in air filters, especially after rainfall but the source of these particles has remained speculative. \n\nObjective: To determine the processes by which birch pollen allergens become airborne particles of respirable size with the potential to contribute to airways inflammation. \n\nMethods: Branches with attached male catkins were harvested and placed in a controlled emission chamber. Filtered dry air was passed through the chamber until the anthers opened, then they were humidified for 5 h and air-dried again. Flowers were disturbed by wind generated from a small electric fan. Released particles were counted, measured and collected for immuno-labelling and high-resolution microscopy. \n\nResults: Birch pollen remains on the dehisced anther and can rupture in high humidity and moisture. Fresh pollen takes as long as 3 h to rupture in water. Drying winds released an aerosol of particles from catkins. These were fragments of pollen cytoplasm that ranged in size from 30 nm to 4 \u03bcm and contained Bet v 1 allergens. \n\nConclusion: When highly allergenic birch trees are flowering and exposed to moisture followed by drying winds they can produce particulate aerosols containing pollen allergens. These particles are small enough to deposit in the peripheral airways and have the potential to induce an inflammatory response.", "date": "2004-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Clinical and Experimental Allergy", "volume": "34", "number": "10", "publisher": "Blackwell", "pagerange": "1591-1596", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102537482", "issn": "0954-7894", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102537482", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Sunair Children's Foundation" }, { "agency": "Ayrshire Foundation" }, { "agency": "Philip Morris USA" }, { "agency": "Philip Morris International" }, { "agency": "Austrian Science Fund", "grant_number": "Y068GEN" } ] }, "doi": "10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02078.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Taylor, P. E.; Flagan, R. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4425h-vye71", "eprint_id": 59704, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:10:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:37:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Opposed Migration Aerosol Classifier (OMAC)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 19 March 2004; accepted 1 July 2004.", "abstract": "A new differential mobility classifier is described. This instrument classifies aerosol particles in a channel flow between porous (or screen) electrodes. The aerosol enters the channel parallel to the porous electrodes, while a larger, particle-free cross-flow enters through one of the porous electrodes and exits through the opposing porous electrode. A potential difference between the electrodes causes charged particles to migrate upstream, against the cross flow. Particles whose migration velocity, v_m exactly balances the cross-flow velocity, v, are transmitted directly along the length of the channel with the minor aerosol flow. Particles whose migration velocities differ from the cross-flow velocity deposit on or pass through the porous electrodes. In the limit of nondiffusive particles, the probability of transmission of particles with migration velocities different from v^*_m = \u2013v matches the triangular transfer function of the classical differential mobility analyzer (DMA). Monte Carlo simulations of the transmission of diffusive particles reveals that the resolution of this Opposed Migration Aerosol Classifier (OMAC) remains close to the same ideal, nondiffusive limit of the DMA to much lower voltages than those required by the DMA to achieve equivalent resolution. This extended range enables development of a Nano Opposed Migration Aerosol Classifier (nOMAC) with the same dynamic range of mobilities as the DMA but in a much smaller package. The lower voltage operation also enables operation at low pressure without the loss of dynamic range that DMAs suffer and at higher peak resolutions than are possible with DMAs. Furthermore, the classification method can be applied to gravitational, centrifugal, thermophoretic, and other separation fields, or to separations of particles in liquids.", "date": "2004-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "38", "number": "9", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "890-899", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102126090", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102126090", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/027868290505242", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/30crc-1q346", "eprint_id": 67927, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:03:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:05:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Keywood-M-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "M. D." } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "V." } }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from the Ozonolysis of Cycloalkenes and Related Compounds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review December 5, 2003. Revised manuscript received February 19, 2004. Accepted May 17, 2004. Publication Date (Web): June 29, 2004. \n\nThis research was supported by the Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG03-01ER 63099, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Grant RD-831-07501-0. Although the research described in this paper has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Dr. J. H. Kroll is thanked for helpful discussions.\n\nSupplemental Material - es035363osi20040219_014944.pdf
", "abstract": "The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields from the laboratory chamber ozonolysis of a series of cycloalkenes and related compounds are reported. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the structure of the hydrocarbon parent molecule on SOA formation for a homologous set of compounds. Aspects of the compound structures that are varied include the number of carbon atoms present in the cycloalkene ring (C_5 to C_8), the presence and location of methyl groups, and the presence of an exocyclic or endocyclic double bond. The specific compounds considered here are cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, cyclooctene, 1-methyl-1-cyclopentene, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, 1-methyl-1-cycloheptene, 3-methyl-1-cyclohexene, and methylenecyclohexane. The SOA yield is found to be a function of the number of carbons present in the cycloalkene ring, with an increasing number resulting in increased yield. The yield is enhanced by the presence of a methyl group located at a double-bonded site but reduced by the presence of a methyl group at a non-double-bonded site. The presence of an exocyclic double bond also leads to a reduced yield relative to that of the equivalent methylated cycloalkene. On the basis of these observations, the SOA yield for terpinolene relative to the other cyclic alkenes is qualitatively predicted, and this prediction compares well to measurements of the SOA yield from the ozonolysis of terpinolene. This work shows that relative SOA yields from ozonolysis of cyclic alkenes can be qualitatively predicted from properties of the parent hydrocarbons.", "date": "2004-08-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "38", "number": "15", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4157-4164", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160614-163656245", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160614-163656245", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-01ER 63099" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-831-07501-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es035363o", "primary_object": { "basename": "es035363osi20040219_014944.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/30crc-1q346/files/es035363osi20040219_014944.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Keywood, M. D.; Varutbangkul, V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7ep7w-5kq86", "eprint_id": 59703, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:01:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:37:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Collins-D-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "Don R." } }, { "id": "Cocker-D-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The Scanning DMA Transfer Function", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 13 February 2004; accepted 24 June 2004. \n\nWe are grateful for support received from the NSF Atmospheric Chemistry and Physical Meteorology Programs through grant ATM-0094342. The authors wish to thank Patrick Chuang and Jian Wang for their assistance during the data collection. We would also like to thank the reviewers of this article for their insightful and extremely helpful suggestions.", "abstract": "The scanning differential mobility analyzer (DMA) has been widely employed for measurement of rapidly evolving aerosol size distributions. Interpretation of data from scanning DMAs is greatly facilitated when an exponential voltage ramp is prescribed, since the shape of the instrumental transfer function remains constant throughout a scan. However, that transfer function may differ significantly from that expected for fixed voltage operation. Because no simple analytical description of the scanning DMA transfer function exists, it has been evaluated numerically by simulating particle trajectories within a TSI 3081 cylindrical DMA. These computations yield transfer functions for the DMA up scan that are roughly triangular but with widths significantly greater than those for fixed voltage operation, and transfer functions for the down scan that are highly asymmetric. The impact of these distortions is most obvious when the size distribution of the measured aerosol is narrow, but errors in recovered size and concentration can be significant even when the aerosol size distribution is much broader than the transfer function. The magnitude of these errors is dependent upon the ratio of the mean gas residence time to the exponential voltage time constant, the sheath-to-aerosol-flow ratio, and the technique used to determine the instrument plumbing time. Experimental results for scans across broad and narrow size distributions compare favorably with predictions based on the simulated transfer functions. Simplified corrections are provided that can be used to adjust the concentration and mobility of size distributions recovered using a fixed voltage transfer function.", "date": "2004-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "38", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "833-850", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102011829", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-102011829", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0094342" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/027868290503082", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Collins, Don R.; Cocker, David R., III; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3bsb0-kev86", "eprint_id": 50918, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:11:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:38:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Conant-William-C", "name": { "family": "Conant", "given": "W. C." } }, { "id": "VanReken-Timothy-M", "name": { "family": "VanReken", "given": "T. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" }, { "id": "Rissman-Tracey-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "T. A." } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-Varuntida", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "V." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Jimenez-Jos\u00e9-L", "name": { "family": "Jimenez", "given": "J. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6203-1847" }, { "id": "Delia-A-E", "name": { "family": "Delia", "given": "A. E." } }, { "id": "Bahreini-Roya", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "R." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8292-5338" }, { "id": "Roberts-Greg-C", "name": { "family": "Roberts", "given": "G. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3636-8590" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol\u2013cloud drop concentration closure in warm cumulus", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosol; CCN; cloud microphysics", "note": "Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 3 November 2003; revised 29 April 2004; accepted 14 May 2004; published 14 July 2004. \n\nThis work was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NAG5-11549 and the Office of Naval Research.\n\nPublished - jgrd11112.pdf
", "abstract": "Our understanding of the activation of aerosol particles into cloud drops during the formation of warm cumulus clouds presently has a limited observational foundation. Detailed observations of aerosol size and composition, cloud microphysics and dynamics, and atmospheric thermodynamic state were collected in a systematic study of 21 cumulus clouds by the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft during NASA's Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers\u2013Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE). An \"aerosol-cloud\" closure study was carried out in which a detailed cloud activation parcel model, which predicts cloud drop concentration using observed aerosol concentration, size distribution, cloud updraft velocity, and thermodynamic state, is evaluated against observations. On average, measured droplet concentration in adiabatic cloud regions is within 15% of the predictions. This agreement is corroborated by independent measurements of aerosol activation carried out by two cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) counters on the aircraft. Variations in aerosol concentration, which ranged from 300 to 3300 cm^(\u22123), drives large microphysical differences (250\u20132300 cm^(\u22123)) observed among continental and maritime clouds in the South Florida region. This is the first known study in which a cloud parcel model is evaluated in a closure study using a constraining set of data collected from a single platform. Likewise, this is the first known study in which relationships among aerosol size distribution, CCN spectrum, and cloud droplet concentration are all found to be consistent with theory within experimental uncertainties much less than 50%. Vertical profiles of cloud microphysical properties (effective radius, droplet concentration, dispersion) clearly demonstrate the boundary layer aerosol's effect on cloud microphysics throughout the lowest 1 km of cloud depth. Onboard measurements of aerosol hygroscopic growth and the organic to sulfate mass ratio are related to CCN properties. These chemical data are used to quantify the range of uncertainty associated with the simplified treatment of aerosol composition assumed in the closure study.", "date": "2004-07-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "109", "number": "D13", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D13204", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-093136295", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-093136295", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAG5-11549" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2003JD004324", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd11112.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3bsb0-kev86/files/jgrd11112.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Conant, W. C.; VanReken, T. M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e8e5x-jsr14", "eprint_id": 64608, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:07:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 21:32:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "VanReken-Timothy-M", "name": { "family": "VanReken", "given": "Timothy M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Concept for a New Cloud Condensation Nucleus (CCN) Spectrometer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 9 October 2003; accepted 29 April 2004. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Naval Research and the EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship Program.\n\nPublished - JHS492.pdf
", "abstract": "The concept of a new cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) spectrometer based on modifications to the original design of Fukuta and Saxena is presented. The key modifications include introducing a trapezoidal geometry and orienting the chamber vertically. A series of simulations demonstrate the broadening of the effective range of the instrument to include supersaturations lower than those reported for the original instrument, without reducing the maximum resolvable supersaturation. A design criterion is developed to eliminate configurations that would result in secondary flows in the growth chamber resulting from buoyancy effects. Using instrument configurations that satisfy this criterion, the effects of variations in the chamber geometry, the imposed temperature gradient, and the total volumetric flow are evaluated. A new configuration is identified that could produce real-time CCN spectra with an effective range at least including supersaturations between 0.07% and 1.2%.", "date": "2004-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "38", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "639-654", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160219-104557808", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160219-104557808", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786820490479842", "primary_object": { "basename": "JHS492.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e8e5x-jsr14/files/JHS492.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "VanReken, Timothy M.; Nenes, Athanasios; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ctadc-6by59", "eprint_id": 67926, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:45:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:05:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Keywood-M-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "M. D." } }, { "id": "Kroll-J-H", "name": { "family": "Kroll", "given": "J. H." } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "V." } }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Cyclohexene Ozonolysis: Effect of OH Scavenger and the Role of Radical Chemistry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review February 20, 2004. Revised manuscript received April 7, 2004. Accepted April 13, 2004. Publication Date (Web): May 15, 2004. \n\nThis research was supported by the Biological and Environmental Research Program (BER), U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG03-01ER 63099, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant RD-831-07501-0. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.", "abstract": "To isolate secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in ozone-alkene systems from the additional influence of hydroxyl (OH) radicals formed in the gas-phase ozone-alkene reaction, OH scavengers are employed. The detailed chemistry associated with three different scavengers (cyclohexane, 2-butanol, and CO) is studied in relation to the effects of the scavengers on observed SOA yields in the ozone-cyclohexene system. Our results confirm those of Docherty and Ziemann that the OH scavenger plays a role in SOA formation in alkene ozonolysis. The extent and direction of this influence are shown to be dependent on the specific alkene. The main influence of the scavenger arises from its independent production of HO_2 radicals, with CO producing the most HO_2, 2-butanol an intermediate amount, and cyclohexane the least. This work provides evidence for the central role of acylperoxy radicals in SOA formation from the ozonolysis of alkenes and generally underscores the importance of gas-phase radical chemistry beyond the initial ozone-alkene reaction.", "date": "2004-06-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "38", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "3343-3350", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160614-162310887", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160614-162310887", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-01ER 63099" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "RD-831-07501-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es049725j", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Keywood, M. D.; Kroll, J. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9g512-z8y35", "eprint_id": 51985, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:30:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:13:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Fridlind-A-M", "name": { "family": "Fridlind", "given": "Ann M." } }, { "id": "Ackerman-A-S", "name": { "family": "Ackerman", "given": "Andrew S." } }, { "id": "Jensen-E-J", "name": { "family": "Jensen", "given": "Eric J." } }, { "id": "Heymsfield-A-J", "name": { "family": "Heymsfield", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Poellot-M-R", "name": { "family": "Poellot", "given": "Michael R." } }, { "id": "Stevens-D-E", "name": { "family": "Stevens", "given": "David E." } }, { "id": "Wang-Donghai", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Donghai" } }, { "id": "Miloshevich-L-M", "name": { "family": "Miloshevich", "given": "Larry M." } }, { "id": "Baumgardner-D", "name": { "family": "Baumgardner", "given": "Darrel" } }, { "id": "Lawson-R-P", "name": { "family": "Lawson", "given": "R. Paul" } }, { "id": "Wilson-J-C", "name": { "family": "Wilson", "given": "James C." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "VanReken-T-M", "name": { "family": "VanReken", "given": "Timothy M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Rissman-T-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "Tracey A." } } ] }, "title": "Evidence for the Predominance of Mid-Tropospheric Aerosols as Subtropical Anvil Cloud Nuclei", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2004 American Association for the Advancement of Science. \n\n19 December 2003; accepted 24 March 2004. \n\nWe thank J. Smith and B. Toon for raising questions about the relative importance of boundary-layer and free tropospheric aerosols, E. Zipser for sharing his experience with tropical convection, W. McKie for keeping our more than 70 computer processors running in concert from Key West to Mountain View, and D. Anderson for leading CRYSTAL-FACE with long-term vision. All of the data collection and modeling associated with this work was coordinated by NASA's Earth Science Enterprise through NRA-01-OES-02, with funding and support provided by NASA, NOAA, NSF, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Office of Naval Research, and the United States Weather Research Program. We gratefully acknowledge additional computing support provided by DOE's High Performance Computing Facility.\n\nSupplemental Material - Fridlind.SOM.pdf
", "abstract": "NASA's recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers\u2013Florida Area Cirrus Experiment focused on anvil cirrus clouds, an important but poorly understood element of our climate system. The data obtained included the first comprehensive measurements of aerosols and cloud particles throughout the atmospheric column during the evolution of multiple deep convective storm systems. Coupling these new measurements with detailed cloud simulations that resolve the size distributions of aerosols and cloud particles, we found several lines of evidence indicating that most anvil crystals form on mid-tropospheric rather than boundary-layer aerosols. This result defies conventional wisdom and suggests that distant pollution sources may have a greater effect on anvil clouds than do local sources.", "date": "2004-04-30", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "304", "number": "5671", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "718-722", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141120-071526447", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141120-071526447", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NRA-01-OES-02" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "United States Weather Research Program" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.1094947", "primary_object": { "basename": "Fridlind.SOM.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9g512-z8y35/files/Fridlind.SOM.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Fridlind, Ann M.; Ackerman, Andrew S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t42hv-xxv78", "eprint_id": 50883, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:43:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:36:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mader-B-T", "name": { "family": "Mader", "given": "B. T." } }, { "id": "Yu-J-Z", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "J. Z." } }, { "id": "Xu-J-H", "name": { "family": "Xu", "given": "J. H." } }, { "id": "Li-Q-F", "name": { "family": "Li", "given": "Q. F." } }, { "id": "Wu-W-S", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "W. S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Molecular composition of the water-soluble fraction of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols collected during ACE-Asia", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "water-soluble organic compounds; dicarboxylic acids; airborne sampling", "note": "Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 25 August 2003; revised 23 January 2004; accepted 5 February 2004; published 23 March 2004. \n\nThis project was supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-96-0119, National Science Foundation grant ATM-0001934, and Hong Kong Research Grants Council (HKUST6185/00P).\n\nPublished - jgrd10984.pdf
", "abstract": "During the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia), samples of carbonaceous aerosols were collected on board the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter aircraft. The samples were analyzed to determine their total carbon (TC) and water-soluble organic compound (WSOC) contents as well as to identify the individual compounds comprising the WSOC fraction of the aerosol. The TC concentrations varied from 3.5 to 14.3 \u03bcg C m^(\u22123); the highest TC levels were observed for samples collected in pollution layers that originated over mainland China. WSOC concentrations ranged from 0.54 to 7.2 \u03bcg C m^(\u22123), with the WSOC fraction contributing from 10 to 50% of the carbon mass. About 50% of the carbonaceous aerosol mass in pollution layers could be attributed to WSOC. For samples collected in dust layers the WSOC fraction of TC was much lower than that observed in pollution layers. The sum of all the detected organic ions accounted for 6.9\u201319% of the WSOC. In the six samples collected by the Twin Otter during ACE-Asia, of the organic ions identified in the WSOC fraction, oxalate had the highest concentration. Samples collected from pollution layers exhibited a slightly higher ratio of formate to oxalate as compared to the other samples. Two samples had a relatively high ratio of lactate to oxalate, which might be a signature of some currently unidentified source of carbonaceous aerosol. The sum of the masses of sulfate and nitrate ions exceeded the sum of the masses of the identified organic ions by a factor of 9 to 17. The chemical levoglucosan, a tracer for biomass burning, comprised from 0.1 to 0.4% of TC mass. Comparing this ratio to the ratio measured directly in wood-burning studies it was determined that biomass burning may have represented from \u22482 to 10% of the carbonaceous aerosol collected during ACE-Asia.", "date": "2004-03-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "109", "number": "D6", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. D06206", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141027-152626570", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141027-152626570", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-96-0119" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0001934" }, { "agency": "Hong Kong Research Grants Council", "grant_number": "HKUST6185/00P" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2003JD004105", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd10984.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/t42hv-xxv78/files/jgrd10984.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Mader, B. T.; Yu, J. Z.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6vpgn-z0a48", "eprint_id": 120611, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:31:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:55:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Hopke-Philip-K", "name": { "family": "Hopke", "given": "Philip K." } } ] }, "title": "Open Access to the Aerosol Science and TechnologyArchive", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; General Materials Science; Environmental Chemistry", "abstract": "he American Association for Aerosol Research publishes Aerosol Science and Technology as a service to its members and to the aerosol research community world wide. This journal provides a forum for publication of the results of research into all facets of aerosol science and related technologies. Researchers from many disciplines of science and engineering participate in the AAAR conference and, increasingly, publish in its journal. Aerosol-related global climate issues, air quality and health effects of pollutant aerosols, indoor air quality, biological aerosols, particle formation in combustion, pollutant emissions and emissions control, new materials and devices, instrumentation, and fundamental aerosol chemistry and physics all are addressed within these pages. Although the work presented here focuses on the role of aerosols, it impacts the full range of activities in these diverse areas of investigation. \n\nIn partnership with our publisher, Taylor & Francis, the AAAR has accelerated publication through the implementation of E-First, an accelerated electronic publishing system that makes articles available on-line within weeks of acceptance by the Editors. These electronically published articles are published in their final form, with full citation information including the volume, issue, and pages of the print version. The electronic articles are available to both individual members and institutional subscribers of the journal as part of the basic subscription. \n\nRecognizing the importance of exposing aerosol science to the research community at large, the AAAR is pleased to take another important step in electronic publication. In January, 2004 we are opening access to electronic versions of Aerosol Science and Technology published in 2002 and earlier (Volumes 30\u201336) to all readers rather than being restricted to subscribers. The next volume will be added to the open electronic archives in each subsequent year. In opening access to the electronic archives of Aerosol Science and Technology, the AAAR acknowledges that researchers need to share their results with the society that provided the funding to perform the research.", "date": "2004-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "38", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "iii", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-264287000.1", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-264287000.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/02786820490269539", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C. and Hopke, Philip K." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rcx5z-v0h42", "eprint_id": 59757, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:25:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:41:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Salcedo-D", "name": { "family": "Salcedo", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "Villalta-P-W", "name": { "family": "Villalta", "given": "P. W." } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "V." } }, { "id": "Wormhoudt-J-C", "name": { "family": "Wormhoudt", "given": "J. C." } }, { "id": "Miake-Lye-R-C", "name": { "family": "Miake-Lye", "given": "R. C." } }, { "id": "Worsnop-D-R", "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "D. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "id": "Ballenthin-J-O", "name": { "family": "Ballenthin", "given": "J. O." } }, { "id": "Thorn-W-F", "name": { "family": "Thorn", "given": "W. F." } }, { "id": "Viggiano-A-A", "name": { "family": "Viggiano", "given": "A. A." } }, { "id": "Miller-T-M", "name": { "family": "Miller", "given": "T. M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Effect of relative humidity on the detection of sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Chemical ionization mass spectrometer; Sulfur dioxide; Sulfuric acid; Water clusters; Relative humidity", "note": "\u00a9 2003 Elsevier. \n\nReceived 9 June 2003; accepted 5 September 2003. \n\nWe appreciate the assistance from personnel of the Air Force Research Laboratory: J. Borghetti, and F. Federico. We thank Jonathan O. Allen for providing us with the impinger model. This work was supported by Office of Naval Research contract N00014-97-C-0254 and grant N00014-96-1-0119, and by Aerodyne Research IR&D funds. We thank R.T. Bluth of the Naval Postgraduate School, R.J. Ferek of the Office on Naval Research, and C.E. Kolb of Aerodyne Research for their support.", "abstract": "Detection of sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid at high relative humidity was studied using a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS). The reactant ions used in the experiments are CO_3^\u2212\u00b7nH_2O (n=0\u20135), which react with SO_2 to form SO_5^\u2212\u00b7nH_2O (n=0\u20132). H_2SO_4 reacts with the precursor ions to form HSO_4^\u2212 (m/z=97 amu) and H_2SO_4\u00b7CO_3^\u2212 (m/z=158 amu). We report the first use of the latter ionization scheme to detect sulfuric acid. High RH affects the detection of SO_2 and H_2SO_4 by forming clusters with the reactant and product ions, reducing sensitivity. Increasing the temperature breaks these clusters. For SO_2 at high RH, either SO_5^\u2212 (m/z=112 amu) or SO_5^\u2212\u00b7H_2O (m/z=130 amu) can be used for SO_2 detection without a decrease in sensitivity. For H_2SO_4 at high RH, it is preferred to detect the ion H_2SO_4\u00b7CO_3^\u2212 because the background signal at 158 amu is small, and a better sensitivity can be achieved.", "date": "2004-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "International Journal of Mass Spectrometry", "volume": "231", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "17-30", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-172232846", "issn": "1387-3806", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-172232846", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-97-C-0254" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-96-1-0119" }, { "agency": "Aerodyne Research" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/j.ijms.2003.09.005", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Salcedo, D.; Villalta, P. W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2j7qv-ev234", "eprint_id": 50871, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:16:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:36:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Graham-B", "name": { "family": "Graham", "given": "Bim" } }, { "id": "Guyon-P", "name": { "family": "Guyon", "given": "Pascal" } }, { "id": "Maenhaut-W", "name": { "family": "Maenhaut", "given": "Willy" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4715-4627" }, { "id": "Taylor-P-E", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Philip E." } }, { "id": "Ebert-M", "name": { "family": "Ebert", "given": "Martin" } }, { "id": "Matthias-Maser-S", "name": { "family": "Matthias-Maser", "given": "Sabine" } }, { "id": "Mayol-Bracero-O-L", "name": { "family": "Mayol-Bracero", "given": "Olga L." } }, { "id": "Godoi-R-H-M", "name": { "family": "Godoi", "given": "Ricardo H. M." } }, { "id": "Artaxo-P", "name": { "family": "Artaxo", "given": "Paulo" } }, { "id": "Meixner-F-X", "name": { "family": "Meixner", "given": "Franz X." } }, { "id": "Lima-Moura-M-A", "name": { "family": "Lima Moura", "given": "Marcos A." } }, { "id": "E\u00e7a-D'Almeida-Rocha-C-H", "name": { "family": "E\u00e7a D'Almeida Rocha", "given": "Carlos H." } }, { "id": "Van-Grieken-R-E", "name": { "family": "Van Grieken", "given": "Ren\u00e9" } }, { "id": "Glovsky-M-M", "name": { "family": "Glovsky", "given": "M. Michael" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Andreae-M-O", "name": { "family": "Andreae", "given": "Meinrat O." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1968-7925" } ] }, "title": "Composition and diurnal variability of the natural Amazonian aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "biogenic aerosol; spores; elemental composition; Amazon; bioaerosol; organic aerosol", "note": "Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 5 August 2003; revised 5 October 2003; accepted 23 October 2003; published 18 December 2003. \n\nThis study was carried out as part of the Large-Scale Atmosphere-Biosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). It was made possible by fundamental support through the Max Planck Society. P. Artaxo acknowledges financial support from \"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo\", W. Maenhaut acknowledges financial support from the Belgian Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, and the \"Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen\", and P. Taylor, R. Flagan and M. Glovsky acknowledge support from the Philip Morris External Research Program. We acknowledge X. Chi for the thermooptical transmission measurements, and sincerely thank the staff of Manaus Energia who supported us in the course of the measurements through the supply and maintenance of infrastructure.\n\nPublished - jgrd10947.pdf
", "abstract": "As part of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)-Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment (CLAIRE) 2001 campaign, separate day and nighttime aerosol samples were collected in July 2001 at a ground-based site in Amazonia, Brazil, in order to examine the composition and temporal variability of the natural \"background\" aerosol. A combination of analytical techniques was used to characterize the elemental and ionic composition of the aerosol. Major particle types larger than \u223c0.5 \u03bcm were identified by electron and light microscopy. Both the coarse and fine aerosol were found to consist primarily of organic matter (\u223c70 and 80% by mass, respectively), with the coarse fraction containing small amounts of soil dust and sea-salt particles and the fine fraction containing some non-sea-salt sulfate. Coarse particulate mass concentrations (CPM \u2248 PM_(10) \u2212 PM_2) were found to be highest at night (average = 3.9 \u00b1 1.4 \u03bcg m^(\u22123), mean night-to-day ratio = 1.9 \u00b1 0.4), while fine particulate mass concentrations (FPM \u2248 PM_2) increased during the daytime (average = 2.6 \u00b1 0.8 \u03bcg m^(\u22123), mean night-to-day ratio = 0.7 \u00b1 0.1). The nocturnal increase in CPM coincided with an increase in primary biological particles in this size range (predominantly yeasts and other fungal spores), resulting from the trapping of surface-derived forest aerosol under a shallow nocturnal boundary layer and a lake-land breeze effect at the site, although active nocturnal sporulation may have also contributed. Associated with this, we observed elevated nighttime concentrations of biogenic elements and ions (P, S, K, Cu, Zn, NH_4^+) in the CPM fraction. For the FPM fraction a persistently higher daytime concentration of organic carbon was found, which indicates that photochemical production of secondary organic aerosol from biogenic volatile organic compounds may have made a significant contribution to the fine aerosol. Dust and sea-salt-associated elements/ions in the CPM fraction, and non-sea-salt sulfate in the FPM fraction, showed higher daytime concentrations, most likely due to enhanced convective downward mixing of long-range transported aerosol.", "date": "2003-12-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "108", "number": "D24", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 4765", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141027-135717698", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141027-135717698", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Max Planck Society" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)" }, { "agency": "Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO)" }, { "agency": "Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen (FWO)" }, { "agency": "Philip Morris External Research Program" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2003JD004049", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd10947.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2j7qv-ev234/files/jgrd10947.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Graham, Bim; Guyon, Pascal; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n6qtq-m3h52", "eprint_id": 50870, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:39:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:36:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Graham-B", "name": { "family": "Graham", "given": "Bim" } }, { "id": "Guyon-P", "name": { "family": "Guyon", "given": "Pascal" } }, { "id": "Taylor-P-E", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Philip E." } }, { "id": "Artaxo-P", "name": { "family": "Artaxo", "given": "Paulo" } }, { "id": "Maenhaut-W", "name": { "family": "Maenhaut", "given": "Willy" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4715-4627" }, { "id": "Glovsky-M-M", "name": { "family": "Glovsky", "given": "M. Michael" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Andreae-M-O", "name": { "family": "Andreae", "given": "Meinrat O." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1968-7925" } ] }, "title": "Organic compounds present in the natural Amazonian aerosol: Characterization by gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry, organic aerosol, Amazon, biogenic aerosol, sugars, sugar alcohols", "note": "Copyright 2003 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 19 July 2003; revised 16 September 2003; accepted 30 September 2003; published 18 December 2003. \n\nThis study was carried out as part of the Large-Scale Atmosphere-Biosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). It was made possible by fundamental support through the Max Planck Society. P. Artaxo acknowledges financial support from \"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo\", W. Maenhaut is indebted to the Belgian Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, and the \"Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek\u2013Vlaanderen\" for research support, and P. Taylor, R. Flagan and M. Glovsky acknowledge support from the Philip Morris External Research Program. We sincerely thank the staff of Manaus Energia who supported us in the course of the measurements through the supply and maintenance of infrastructure.\n\nPublished - jgrd10911.pdf
", "abstract": "As part of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)-Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment (CLAIRE) 2001 campaign in July 2001, separate day and nighttime aerosol samples were collected at a ground-based site in Amazonia, Brazil, in order to examine the composition and temporal variability of the natural \"background\" aerosol. We used a high-volume sampler to separate the aerosol into fine (aerodynamic diameter, AD < 2.5 \u03bcm) and coarse (AD > 2.5 \u03bcm) size fractions and quantified a range of organic compounds in methanolic extracts of the samples by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique. The carbon fraction of the compounds could account for an average of 7% of the organic carbon (OC) in both the fine and coarse aerosol fractions. We observed the highest concentrations of sugars, sugar alcohols, and fatty acids in the coarse aerosol samples, which suggests that these compounds are associated with primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) observed in the forest atmosphere. Of these, trehalose, mannitol, arabitol, and the fatty acids were found to be more prevalent at night, coinciding with a nocturnal increase in PBAP in the 2\u201310 \u03bcm size range (predominantly yeasts and other small fungal spores). In contrast, glucose, fructose, and sucrose showed persistently higher daytime concentrations, coinciding with a daytime increase in large fungal spores, fern spores, pollen grains, and, to a lesser extent, plant fragments (generally >20 \u03bcm in diameter), probably driven by lowered relative humidity and enhanced wind speeds/convective activity during the day. For the fine aerosol samples a series of dicarboxylic and hydroxyacids were detected with persistently higher daytime concentrations, suggesting that photochemical production of a secondary organic aerosol from biogenic volatile organic compounds may have made a significant contribution to the fine aerosol. Anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, mannosan, galactosan), which are specific tracers for biomass burning, were detected only at low levels in the fine aerosol samples. On the basis of the levoglucosan-to-OC emission ratio measured for biomass burning aerosol, we estimate that an average of \u223c16% of the OC in the fine aerosol was due to biomass burning during CLAIRE 2001, indicating that the major fraction was associated with biogenic particles.", "date": "2003-12-18", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "108", "number": "D24", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 4766", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141027-134942745", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141027-134942745", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Max Planck Society" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)" }, { "agency": "Belgian Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs" }, { "agency": "Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek\u2013Vlaanderen" }, { "agency": "Philip Morris External Research Program" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2003JD003990", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd10911.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n6qtq-m3h52/files/jgrd10911.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Graham, Bim; Guyon, Pascal; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p89pj-ct490", "eprint_id": 76334, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:15:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:38:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" } }, { "id": "Jimenez-J-L", "name": { "family": "Jimenez", "given": "Jose L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6203-1847" }, { "id": "Wang-Jian", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Jian" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Jayne-J-T", "name": { "family": "Jayne", "given": "John T." } }, { "id": "Worsnop-D-R", "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" } ] }, "title": "Aircraft-based aerosol size and composition measurements during ACE-Asia using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "ACE-Asia; aerosol size and composition; mass spectrometer", "note": "\u00a9 2003 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 26 November 2002; revised 18 February 2003; accepted 24 March 2003; published 9 August 2003. \n\nWe thank Dean Hegg, Song Gao, Rodney Weber, Kari Maxwell, Douglas Orsini, and Barry Huebert for sharing their data for comparison purposes, as well as Greg Carmichael for providing us with back trajectories. We also thank the CIRPAS-Twin Otter flight crew for their support during the field project. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR).\n\nPublished - 0deec52cd95d6a97bd000000.pdf
", "abstract": "An Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) was deployed during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment-Asia (ACE-Asia) field campaign on board the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft to measure the size-resolved chemical composition of submicron aerosols in the outflow from eastern Asia. Research flights were carried out from 31 March to 1 May 2001 in an area that covered 127\u00b0E\u2013135\u00b0E and 32\u00b0N\u201338\u00b0N. Valid data from the AMS were obtained during 15 out of a total of 19 research flights. During the mission the AMS measured distinct layers (from the boundary layer to \u223c3700 m) of submicron aerosols composed of sulfate, ammonium, and organics as the major nonrefractory components, separated by layers with much lower aerosol concentrations. Sulfate and organics mass concentrations of up to 10 \u03bcg m^(\u22123) and 13 \u03bcg m^(\u22123), respectively, were measured in some pollution layers. Back-trajectory analysis shows that the polluted layers originated in urban and industrial areas of China and Korea. The mass-weighed size distribution of the submicron sulfate was relatively constant from day to day and layer to layer, with an aerodynamic diameter mode of 400\u2013500 nm and a width (full width half maximum) of about 450 nm in most of the layers. On the days with low influence of dust in the aerosol outflow, as indicated by other instruments aboard the Twin Otter, the total mass of nonrefractory aerosols estimated by the AMS correlated well with total volume of aerosols measured by a differential mobility analyzer.", "date": "2003-12-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "108", "number": "D23", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 8645", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170408-172222326", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170408-172222326", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2002JD003226", "primary_object": { "basename": "0deec52cd95d6a97bd000000.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p89pj-ct490/files/0deec52cd95d6a97bd000000.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Bahreini, Roya; Jimenez, Jose L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zeqpf-b4n95", "eprint_id": 119328, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:15:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:37:48", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schmid-Benedikt", "name": { "family": "Schmid", "given": "B." } }, { "id": "Hegg-Dean-A", "name": { "family": "Hegg", "given": "D. A." } }, { "id": "Wang-J", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Bates-D", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "Redemann-J", "name": { "family": "Redemann", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Russell-Philip-B", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "P. B." } }, { "id": "Livingston-J", "name": { "family": "Livingston", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Welton-Ellsworth-J", "name": { "family": "Welton", "given": "E. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0208-4861" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Covert-D-S", "name": { "family": "Covert", "given": "D. S." } }, { "id": "Dubovik-Oleg", "name": { "family": "Dubovik", "given": "O." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3482-6460" }, { "id": "Jefferson-A", "name": { "family": "Jefferson", "given": "A." } } ] }, "title": "Column closure studies of lower tropospheric aerosol and water vapor during ACE-Asia using airborne Sun photometer and airborne in situ and ship-based lidar measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Paleontology; Space and Planetary Science; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Atmospheric Science; Earth-Surface Processes; Geochemistry and Petrology; Soil Science; Water Science and Technology; Ecology; Aquatic Science; Forestry; Oceanography; Geophysics", "note": "This research was conducted as part of the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). It is a contribution to the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Core Project of the International Geosphere Biosphere Program (IGBP) and is part of the IGAC Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACE). Funding to NASA Ames was provided by NASA's Earth Observing System Inter-Disciplinary Science (EOS-IDS) Program, NASA's Radiation Sciences Program, and the Office of Naval Research. Funding to the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, was provided by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-97-1-0132. We thank the Ozone Processing Team at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for making available TOMS EP data. We also would like to thank Edward T. Peltzer for making available Matlab shell-scripts for linear regression analysis (www.mbaeri.org/~etp3/regressindex.htm), and Atmospheric and Environmental Research Inc. (AER) for making LBLRTM available at http://www.rtweb.aer.com/.", "abstract": "We assess the consistency (closure) between solar beam attenuation by aerosols and water vapor measured by airborne Sun photometry and derived from airborne in situ and ship-based lidar measurements during the April 2001 Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia). The airborne data presented here were obtained aboard the Twin Otter aircraft. Comparing aerosol extinction \u03c3_(ep)(550 nm) from four different techniques shows good agreement for the vertical distribution of aerosol layers. However, the level of agreement in absolute magnitude of the derived aerosol extinction varied among the aerosol layers sampled. The \u03c3_(ep)(550 nm) computed from airborne in situ size distribution and composition measurements shows good agreement with airborne Sun photometry in the marine boundary layer but is considerably lower in layers dominated by dust if the particles are assumed to be spherical. The \u03c3_(ep)(550 nm) from airborne in situ scattering and absorption measurements are about \u223c13% lower than those obtained from airborne Sun photometry during 14 vertical profiles. Combining lidar and the airborne Sun photometer measurements reveals the prevalence of dust layers at altitudes up to 10 km with layer aerosol optical depth (from 3.5 to 10 km altitude) of \u223c0.1 to 0.2 (500 nm) and extinction-to-backscatter ratios of 59\u201371 sr (523 nm). The airborne Sun photometer aboard the Twin Otter reveals a relatively dry atmosphere during ACE-Asia with all water vapor columns <1.5 cm and water vapor densities \u03c1_w < 12 g/m\u00b3. Comparing layer water vapor amounts and \u03c1_w from the airborne Sun photometer to the same quantities measured with aircraft in situ sensors leads to a high correlation (r\u00b2 = 0.96), but the Sun photometer tends to underestimate \u03c1_w by 7%.", "date": "2003-12-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "108", "number": "D23", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 8656", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-987794800.2", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-987794800.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-97-1-0132" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2002jd003361", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Schmid, B.; Hegg, D. A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/81e55-79h30", "eprint_id": 119329, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 01:01:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:37:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "VanReken-Timothy-M", "name": { "family": "VanReken", "given": "Timothy M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2645-4911" }, { "id": "Rissman-Tracey-A", "name": { "family": "Rissman", "given": "Tracey A." } }, { "id": "Roberts-Gregory-C", "name": { "family": "Roberts", "given": "Gregory C." } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-Varuntida", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Toward aerosol/cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) closure during CRYSTAL-FACE", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Paleontology; Space and Planetary Science; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Atmospheric Science; Earth-Surface Processes; Geochemistry and Petrology; Soil Science; Water Science and Technology; Ecology; Aquatic Science; Forestry; Oceanography; Geophysics", "note": "The authors acknowledge Athanasios Nenes for assistance with simulating the performance of the CCN instruments. This work was supported by National Aeronautics and Space Administration grant NAG5-11549 and the Office of Naval Research.", "abstract": "During July 2002, measurements of cloud condensation nuclei were made in the vicinity of southwest Florida as part of the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) field campaign. These observations, at supersaturations of 0.2 and 0.85%, are presented here. The performance of each of the two CCN counters was validated through laboratory calibration and an in situ intercomparison. The measurements indicate that the aerosol sampled during the campaign was predominantly marine in character: the median concentrations were 233 cm\u207b\u00b3 (at S = 0.2%) and 371 cm\u207b\u00b3 (at S = 0.85%). Three flights during the experiment differed from this general trend; the aerosol sampled during the two flights on 18 July was more continental in character, and the observations on 28 July indicate high spatial variability and periods of very high aerosol concentrations. This study also includes a simplified aerosol/CCN closure analysis. Aerosol size distributions were measured simultaneously with the CCN observations, and these data are used to predict a CCN concentration using K\u00f6hler theory. For the purpose of this analysis, an idealized composition of pure ammonium sulfate was assumed. The analysis indicates that in this case, there was good general agreement between the predicted and observed CCN concentrations: at S = 0.2%, N_(predicted)/N_(observed) = 1.047 (R\u00b2 = 0.911); at S = 0.85%, N_(predicted)/N_(observed) = 1.201 (R\u00b2 = 0.835). The impacts of the compositional assumption and of including in-cloud data in the analysis are addressed. The effect of removing the data from the 28 July flight is also examined; doing so improves the result of the closure analysis at S = 0.85%. When omitting that atypical flight, N_(predicted)/N_(observed) = 1.085 (R\u00b2 = 0.770) at S = 0.85%.", "date": "2003-10-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "108", "number": "D20", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 4633", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-987794800.4", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-987794800.4", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAG5-11549" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2003jd003582", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "VanReken, Timothy M.; Rissman, Tracey A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s825y-bz795", "eprint_id": 59699, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-09-15 05:05:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 21:13:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Dhaniyala-S", "name": { "family": "Dhaniyala", "given": "Suresh" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "McKinney-K-A", "name": { "family": "McKinney", "given": "Karena A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1129-1678" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "Paul O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" } ] }, "title": "Novel Aerosol/Gas Inlet for Aircraft-Based Measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2003 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 18 July 2002; accepted 27 March 2003. \n\nThe authors would like to thank Fred Eisele, Nate Hazen, Jim Oliver, and Dave Tanner for their help in designing the inlet and Joe Haggerty for his expertise in fabricating the different inlet components. We would also like to thank Prof. Hans G. Hornung for valuable discussions about the inlet flow. We gratefully acknowledge the funding support of NASA (NAG5-7527) and NSF (ATM-9871353) for this project. POW also acknowledges funds provided by the Powell foundation.", "abstract": "A novel inlet has been designed for selective sampling of gas and aerosol phases of volatile species from high-speed aircraft. A multistage flow system brings the flow nearly isokinetically towards the sampling port. Two small airfoil-shaped \"blades\" are placed close to the sample port to provide the flow conditions required for aerosol and gas sampling. Aerosols are sampled when these blades are positioned to operate the inlet as a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI). The design enables sampling of particles as small as 0.1 w m from a high-speed aircraft under stratospheric conditions, a substantial improvement over that possible with previous CVI designs. For gas sampling, one of the blades is moved by a stepper motor to occlude the inlet opening and gas is sampled perpendicular to the bulk flow. Boundary layer suction is used to prevent the sampled gas from coming in contact with the impactor walls. This is one of the first designs of an inlet that enables gas sampling free of wall contact. The inlet was flown on the NASA ER-2 aircraft during the SOLVE 2000 campaign to study aerosol/gas partitioning of nitric acid in the lower stratosphere. Data from the flight tests show that the inlet flow characteristics are broadly in agreement with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations.", "date": "2003-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "37", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "828-840", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101521762", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101521762", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAG5-7527" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9871353" }, { "agency": "Charles Lee Powell Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786820300937", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Dhaniyala, Suresh; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fb56q-24k97", "eprint_id": 59701, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:31:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:37:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jimenez-J-L", "name": { "family": "Jimenez", "given": "Jose L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6203-1847" }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" } }, { "id": "Cocker-D-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Zhuang-Hong", "name": { "family": "Zhuang", "given": "Hong" } }, { "id": "Varutbangkul-V", "name": { "family": "Varutbangkul", "given": "Varuntida" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "O'Dowd-C-D", "name": { "family": "O'Dowd", "given": "Colin D." } }, { "id": "Hoffmann-T", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Thorsten" } } ] }, "title": "New particle formation from photooxidation of diiodomethane (CH_2I_2)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "coastal aerosols; new particle formation; nucleation; aerosol mass spectrometer; smog chamber", "note": "\u00a9 2003 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 16 April 2002; revised 25 November 2002; accepted 4 March 2003; published 30 May 2003. \n\nThis work was supported by U. S. Department of Energy grant DE-FG03-01ER63099. The authors sincerely thank Stan Sander, Kyle Bayes, and Daniel Milligan of the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Gordon McFiggans of UMIST, Mitchio Okumura and Paul Wennberg of Caltech, Jim Burkholder and Joachim Curtius of the NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, and Xiao-Ying Yu of Colorado State University for useful suggestions about iodine kinetics.\n\nJimenez, J. L., R. Bahreini, D. R. Cocker III, H. Zhuang, V. Varutbangkul, R. C. Flagan, J. H. Seinfeld, C. D. O'Dowd, and T. Hoffmann, Correction to \"New particle formation from photooxidation of diiodomethane (CH2I2)\", J. Geophys. Res., 108, D23, 4733, doi:10.1029/2003JD0042492003\n\nPublished - 198-Jimenez-2003.pdf
Erratum - jgrd11070.pdf
", "abstract": "Photolysis of CH_2I_2 in the presence of O_3 has been proposed as a mechanism leading to intense new particle formation in coastal areas. We report here a comprehensive laboratory chamber study of this system. Rapid homogeneous nucleation was observed over three orders of magnitude in CH_2I_2 mixing ratio, down to a level of 15 ppt (\u223c4 \u00d7 10^8 molec. cm^(\u22123)) comparable to the directly measured total gas-phase iodine species concentrations in coastal areas. After the nucleation burst, the observed aerosol dynamics in the chamber was dominated by condensation of additional vapors onto existing particles and particle coagulation. Particles formed under dry conditions are fractal agglomerates with mass fractal dimension, D_f \u223c 1.8\u20132.5. Higher relative humidity (65%) does not change the nucleation or growth behavior from that under dry conditions, but results in more compact and dense particles (D_f \u223c 2.7). On the basis of the known gas-phase chemistry, OIO is the most likely gas-phase species to produce the observed nucleation and aerosol growth; however, the current understanding of this chemistry is very likely incomplete. Chemical analysis of the aerosol using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer reveals that the particles are composed mainly of iodine oxides but also contain water and/or iodine oxyacids. The system studied here can produce nucleation events as intense as those observed in coastal areas. On the basis of comparison between the particle composition, hygroscopicity, and nucleation and growth rates observed in coastal nucleation and in the experiments reported here, it is likely that photooxidation of CH_2I_2, probably aided by other organic iodine compounds, is the mechanism leading to the observed new particle formation in the west coast of Ireland.", "date": "2003-05-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "108", "number": "D10", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 4318", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101811885", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101811885", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG03-01ER63099" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2002JD002452", "primary_object": { "basename": "198-Jimenez-2003.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fb56q-24k97/files/198-Jimenez-2003.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "jgrd11070.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fb56q-24k97/files/jgrd11070.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Jimenez, Jose L.; Bahreini, Roya; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jx8ht-fnz54", "eprint_id": 120606, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:28:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:55:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Editorial: Changes in Aerosol Science and Technology", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; General Materials Science; Environmental Chemistry", "abstract": "Aerosol Science and Technology was established in 1982 by the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) to provide a venue for publication of the entire spectrum of aerosol research. Then, as now, much of the work focused on atmospheric aerosols, initally addressing local and regional air quality issues but expanding to address problems of global scale. Characterization and control pollutant emissions, lung deposition and associated health effects, drug delivery, the good and bad roles of aerosols in the processing of advanced materials and devices, nanotechnology, instrumentation, and basic aerosol science questions are all addressed in the pages of this journal. The range of topics covered has changed over the past two decades, and will continue to evolve into the future.", "date": "2003-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "37", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "3-3", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-820021000.1", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-820021000.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/02786820300980", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mq3my-ksn38", "eprint_id": 51031, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:20:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 15:58:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Middlebrook-Ann-M", "name": { "family": "Middlebrook", "given": "Ann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2984-6304" }, { "id": "Murphy-Daniel-M", "name": { "family": "Murphy", "given": "Daniel M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8091-7235" }, { "id": "Lee-Shan-Hu", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Shan-Hu" } }, { "id": "Thomson-David-S", "name": { "family": "Thomson", "given": "David S." } }, { "id": "Prather-Kimberly-A", "name": { "family": "Prather", "given": "Kimberly A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3048-9890" }, { "id": "Wenzel-Ryan-J", "name": { "family": "Wenzel", "given": "Ryan J." } }, { "id": "Liu-Don-Yuan", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Don-Yuan" } }, { "id": "Phares-Denis-J", "name": { "family": "Phares", "given": "Denis J." } }, { "id": "Rhoads-Kevin-P", "name": { "family": "Rhoads", "given": "Kevin P." } }, { "id": "Wexler-Anthony-S", "name": { "family": "Wexler", "given": "Anthony S." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1565-814X" }, { "id": "Johnston-Murray-V", "name": { "family": "Johnston", "given": "Murray V." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9529-8660" }, { "id": "Jimenez-Jose-L", "name": { "family": "Jimenez", "given": "Jose L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6203-1847" }, { "id": "Jayne-John-T", "name": { "family": "Jayne", "given": "John T." } }, { "id": "Worsnop-Douglas-R", "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "id": "Yourshaw-Ivan", "name": { "family": "Yourshaw", "given": "Ivan" } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "A comparison of particle mass spectrometers during the 1999 Atlanta Supersite Project", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosol, mass spectrometer, single particle composition", "note": "\u00a9 2003 by the American Geophysical Union.\n\nReceived 23 March 2001; revised 31 January 2002; accepted 5 February 2002; published 10 April 2003.\n\nWe thank Eric Edgerton (ARA) for assisting with the logistics of bringing the four instruments together in Atlanta. Deborah Gross, Alex Barron, and Ben Warren (Carleton College) and Rebecca Washenfelder (CalTech) are gratefully acknowledged for their assistance with acquiring data. We also thank Susanne Hering (ADI) for the composite measurements of sulfate and nitrate as well as Peter McMurry (UMinn) for the particle density data. This work was funded in part by the U. S. EPA, NARSTO (Southern Oxidants Study), and Georgia Institute of Technology (SCISSAP).\n\nPublished - jgrd8945.pdf
", "abstract": "During the Atlanta Supersite Project, four particle mass spectrometers were operated together for the first time: NOAA's Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometer (PALMS), University of California at Riverside's Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS), University of Delaware's Rapid Single-Particle Mass Spectrometer II (RSMS-II), and Aerodyne's Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). Although these mass spectrometers are generally classified as similar instruments, they clearly have different characteristics due to their unique designs. One primary difference is related to the volatilization/ionization method: PALMS, ATOFMS, and RSMS-II utilize laser desorption/ionization, whereas particles in the AMS instrument are volatilized by impaction onto a heated surface with the resulting components ionized by electron impact. Thus mass spectral data from the AMS are representative of the ensemble of particles sampled, and those from the laser-based instruments are representative of individual particles. In addition, the AMS instrument cannot analyze refractory material such as soot, sodium chloride, and crustal elements, and some sulfate or water-rich particles may not always be analyzed with every laser-based instrument. A main difference among the laser-based mass spectrometers is that the RSMS-II instrument can obtain size-resolved single particle composition information for particles with aerodynamic diameters as small as 15 nm. The minimum sizes analyzed by ATOFMS and PALMS are 0.2 and about 0.35 \u03bcm, respectively, in aerodynamic diameter. Furthermore, PALMS, ATOFMS, and RSMS-II use different laser ionization conditions. Despite these differences the laser-based instruments found similar individual particle classifications, and their relative fractions among comparable sized particles from Atlanta were broadly consistent. Finally, the AMS measurements of the nitrate/sulfate mole ratio were highly correlated with composite measurements (r^2 = 0.93). In contrast, the PALMS nitrate/sulfate ion ratios were only moderately correlated (r^2 \u223c 0.7).", "date": "2003-04-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "108", "number": "D7", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 8424", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141029-145943020", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141029-145943020", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }, { "agency": "North American Research Strategy for Tropospheric Ozone (NARSTO)" }, { "agency": "Georgia Institute of Technology" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2001JD000660", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd8945.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mq3my-ksn38/files/jgrd8945.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Middlebrook, Ann M.; Murphy, Daniel M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zptpx-zff67", "eprint_id": 59700, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:24:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:37:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jimenez-J-L", "name": { "family": "Jimenez", "given": "Jose L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6203-1847" }, { "id": "Jayne-J-T", "name": { "family": "Jayne", "given": "John T." } }, { "id": "Shi-Quan", "name": { "family": "Shi", "given": "Quan" } }, { "id": "Kolb-C-E", "name": { "family": "Kolb", "given": "Charles E." } }, { "id": "Worsnop-D-R", "name": { "family": "Worsnop", "given": "Douglas R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8928-8017" }, { "id": "Yourshaw-I", "name": { "family": "Yourshaw", "given": "Ivan" } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Zhang-Xuefeng", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Xuefeng" } }, { "id": "Smith-K-A", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "Kenneth A." } }, { "id": "Morris-J-W", "name": { "family": "Morris", "given": "James W." } }, { "id": "Davidovits-P", "name": { "family": "Davidovits", "given": "Paul" } } ] }, "title": "Ambient aerosol sampling using the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosols; aerosol mass spectrometer; Aerodyne; particle composition; Atlanta Supersite", "note": "\u00a9 2003 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 25 July 2001; revised 2 September 2002; accepted 13 September 2002; published 15 April 2003. \n\nThe authors are grateful to Rodney Weber and Douglas Orsini of the Georgia Institute of Technology (GIT) and Yin-Nan Lee of Brookhaven National Laboratory for the ongoing collaboration that has greatly helped the development and testing of the AMS. We thank Bill Chameides and C.S. Kiang of GIT and Eric Edgerton of Atmospheric Research and Analysis, Inc. for the organization and support of the Atlanta Supersite experiment. We also thank Sjaak Slanina of the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation (ECN) for allowing us to use their data; and Bob Prescott of Aerodyne for his logistical support during the experiments. Financial support for the development of the instrument was provided by the National Science Foundation (grant DMI-9705610) and the Office of Naval Research (grant N00014-98-C-0266). Our participation in the Atlanta field campaign was funded by the EPA/Southern Oxidants Study (grant CR 824849-01).\n\nPublished - 197-Jimenez.pdf
", "abstract": "The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) has been designed to measure size-resolved mass distributions and total mass loadings of volatile and semivolatile chemical species in/on submicron particles. This paper describes the application of this instrument to ambient aerosol sampling. The AMS uses an aerodynamic lens to focus the particles into a narrow beam, a roughened cartridge heater to vaporize them under high vacuum, and a quadrupole mass spectrometer to analyze the vaporized molecules. Particle size is measured via particle time-of-flight. The AMS is operated in two modes: (1) a continuous mass spectrum mode without size information; and (2) a size distribution measurement mode for selected m/z settings of the quadrupole. Single particles can also be detected and sized if they have enough mass of a chemical component. The AMS was deployed at a ground sampling site near downtown Atlanta during August 1999, as part of the Environmental Protection Agency/Southern Oxidant Study Particulate Matter \"Supersite\" experiment, and at a suburban location in the Boston area during September 1999. The major observed components of the aerosol at both sites were sulfate and organics with a minor fraction of nitrate, consistent with prior studies and colocated instruments. Different aerosol chemical components often had different size distributions and time evolutions. More than half of the sulfate mass was contained in 2% of the ambient particles in one of the sampling periods. Trends in mass concentrations of sulfate and nitrate measured with the AMS in Atlanta compare well with those measured with ion chromatography-based instruments. A marked diurnal cycle was observed for aerosol nitrate in Atlanta. A simple model fit is used to illustrate the integration of data from several chemical components measured by the AMS together with data from other particle instruments into a coherent representation of the ambient aerosol.", "date": "2003-04-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "108", "number": "D7", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 8425", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101640828", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101640828", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMI-9705610" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-98-C-0266" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "CR 824849-01" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2001JD001213", "primary_object": { "basename": "197-Jimenez.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zptpx-zff67/files/197-Jimenez.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Jimenez, Jose L.; Jayne, John T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c2e3j-p8d31", "eprint_id": 6110, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:24:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 20:08:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lu-Miao-Ling", "name": { "family": "Lu", "given": "Miao-Ling" } }, { "id": "Wang-Jian", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Jian" } }, { "id": "Freedman-A", "name": { "family": "Freedman", "given": "Andrew" } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "McClatchey-R-A", "name": { "family": "McClatchey", "given": "Robert A." } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Analysis of Humidity Halos around Trade Wind Cumulus Clouds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2006 American Meteorological Society \n\nManuscript received June 17, 2002, in final form November 12, 2002 \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-9907010 and ATM-9910744. This work was also supported in part by the Office of Naval Research. The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. William C. Conant for helpful comments. We also thank anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on this work.\n\nPublished - LUMjas03.pdf
", "abstract": "Regions of enhanced humidity in the vicinity of cumulus clouds, so-called cloud halos, reflect features of cloud evolution, exert radiative effects, and may serve as a locus for new particle formation. Reported here are the results of an aircraft sampling campaign carried out near Oahu, Hawaii, from 31 July through 10 August 2001, aimed at characterizing the properties of trade wind cumulus cloud halos. An Aerodyne Research, Inc., fast spectroscopic water vapor sensor, flown for the first time in this campaign, allowed characterization of humidity properties at 10-m spatial resolution. Statistical properties of 60 traverses through cloud halos over the campaign were in general agreement with measurements reported by Perry and Hobbs. One particularly long-lived cloud is analyzed in detail, through both airborne measurement and numerical simulation, to track evolution of the cloud halos over the cloud's lifetime. Results of both observation and the simulation show that cloud halos tend to be broad at lower levels and narrow at upper levels, and broader on the downshear side than on the upshear side, broadening with time particularly in the downshear direction. The high correlation of clear-air turbulence distribution with the halo distribution temporally and spatially suggests that the halo forms, in part, due to turbulent mixing at the cloud boundary. Radiative calculations carried out on the simulated cloud and halo field indicate that the halo radiative effect is largest near cloud top during mature and dissipation stages. The halo-enhanced atmospheric shortwave absorption, averaged over this period, is about 1.3% of total solar absorption in the column.", "date": "2003-04-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences", "volume": "60", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "1041-1059", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:LUMjas03", "issn": "0022-4928", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:LUMjas03", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9907010" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9910744" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/1520-0469(2003)60<1041:AOHHAT>2.0.CO;2", "primary_object": { "basename": "LUMjas03.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c2e3j-p8d31/files/LUMjas03.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Lu, Miao-Ling; Wang, Jian; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dhnv5-gk643", "eprint_id": 7853, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:21:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:05:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mader-Brian-T", "name": { "family": "Mader", "given": "B. T." } }, { "id": "Schauer-James-J", "name": { "family": "Schauer", "given": "J. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5405-1511" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Yu-J-Z", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "J. Z." } }, { "id": "Yang-H", "name": { "family": "Yang", "given": "H." } }, { "id": "Lim-Ho-Jin", "name": { "family": "Lim", "given": "Ho-Jin" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3211-8084" }, { "id": "Turpin-Barbara-J", "name": { "family": "Turpin", "given": "B. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4513-4187" }, { "id": "DeMinter-J-T", "name": { "family": "DeMinter", "given": "J. T." } }, { "id": "Heidemann-G", "name": { "family": "Heidemann", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "Bae-M-S", "name": { "family": "Bae", "given": "M. S." } }, { "id": "Quinn-P-K", "name": { "family": "Quinn", "given": "P." } }, { "id": "Bates-T-S", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "T." } }, { "id": "Eatough-Delbert-J", "name": { "family": "Eatough", "given": "D. J." } }, { "id": "Huebert-Barry-J", "name": { "family": "Huebert", "given": "B. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7711-0468" }, { "id": "Bertram-Timothy-H", "name": { "family": "Bertram", "given": "T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3026-7588" }, { "id": "Howell-S", "name": { "family": "Howell", "given": "S." } } ] }, "title": "Sampling methods used for the collection of particle-phase organic and elemental carbon during ACE-Asia", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "The Caltech group was supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-96-0119 and National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0001934. The PMEL measurements were funded by the Aerosol Project of the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program.", "abstract": "The semi-volatile nature of carbonaceous aerosols complicates their collection, and for this reason special air sampling configurations must be utilized. ACE-Asia provided a unique opportunity to compare different sampling techniques for collecting carbonaceous aerosols. In this paper detailed comparisons between filter-based carbonaceous aerosol sampling methods are made. The majority of organic carbon (OC) present on a backup quartz fiber filter (QFF) in an undenuded-filter sampler resulted from the adsorption of native gaseous OC rather than OC evaporated from collected particles. The level of OC on a backup QFF placed behind a QFF was lower than the level present on a backup QFF placed behind a Teflon membrane filter (TMF) indicating that gas/filter equilibrium may not be achieved in some QFF front and backup filter pairs. Gas adsorption artifacts can result in a 20\u2013100% overestimation of the ambient particle-phase OC concentration. The gas collection efficiency of XAD-coated and carbon-impregnated filter-lined denuders were not always 100%, but, nonetheless, such denuders minimize gas adsorption artifacts. The median fraction of particle-phase OC that is estimated to evaporate from particles collected by denuder-filter samplers ranged from 0 to 0.2; this value depends on the sampler configuration, chemical composition of the OC, and sampling conditions. After properly correcting for sampling artifacts, the measured OC concentration may differ by 10% between undenuded- and denuder-filter samplers. Uncorrected, such differences can be as large as a factor two, illustrating the importance of sampling configurations in which gas adsorption or evaporation artifacts are reduced or can be corrected.", "date": "2003-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment", "volume": "37", "number": "11", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1435-1449", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:MADate03.738", "issn": "1352-2310", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MADate03.738", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-96-0119" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0001934" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S1352-2310(02)01061-0", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Mader, B. T.; Schauer, J. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hekyh-xdr52", "eprint_id": 59698, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:08:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:37:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schauer-J-J", "name": { "family": "Schauer", "given": "J. J." } }, { "id": "Mader-B-T", "name": { "family": "Mader", "given": "B. T." } }, { "id": "DeMinter-J-T", "name": { "family": "DeMinter", "given": "J. T." } }, { "id": "Heidemann-G", "name": { "family": "Heidemann", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "Bae-M-S", "name": { "family": "Bae", "given": "M. S." } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Cary-R-A", "name": { "family": "Cary", "given": "R. A." } }, { "id": "Smith-D", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "Huebert-B-J", "name": { "family": "Huebert", "given": "B. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7711-0468" }, { "id": "Bertram-T-H", "name": { "family": "Bertram", "given": "T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3026-7588" }, { "id": "Howell-S", "name": { "family": "Howell", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Kline-J-T", "name": { "family": "Kline", "given": "J. T." } }, { "id": "Quinn-P-K", "name": { "family": "Quinn", "given": "P." } }, { "id": "Bates-T-S", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "T." } }, { "id": "Turpin-B", "name": { "family": "Turpin", "given": "B." } }, { "id": "Lim-H-J", "name": { "family": "Lim", "given": "H. J." } }, { "id": "Yu-J-Z", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "J. Z." } }, { "id": "Yang-H", "name": { "family": "Yang", "given": "H." } }, { "id": "Keywood-M-D", "name": { "family": "Keywood", "given": "M. D." } } ] }, "title": "ACE-Asia Intercomparison of a Thermal-Optical Method for the Determination of Particle-Phase Organic and Elemental Carbon", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2003 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review February 27, 2002. Revised manuscript received December 4, 2002. Accepted December 9, 2002. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as part of the ACE-Asia experiment. The University of Wisconsin-Madison was supported under NSF Grant 0080814. We thank Dr. Jay Turner and the operations staff at the St. Louis Supersite for assistance in collection of the St. Louis samples and Dr. Mike Hannigan for assistance in the collection of the Denver sample.", "abstract": "A laboratory intercomparison of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) measurements of atmospheric particulate matter samples collected on quartz filters was conducted among eight participants of the ACE-Asia field experiment. The intercomparison took place in two stages:\u2009 the first round of the intercomparison was conducted when filter samples collected during the ACE-Asia experiment were being analyzed for OC and EC, and the second round was conducted after the ACE-Asia experiment and included selected samples from the ACE-Asia experiment. Each participant operated ECOC analyzers from the same manufacturer and utilized the same analysis protocol for their measurements. The precision of OC measurements of quartz fiber filters was a function of the filter's carbon loading but was found to be in the range of 4\u221213% for OC loadings of 1.0\u221225 \u03bcg of C cm^(-2). For measurements of EC, the precision was found to be in the range of 6\u221221% for EC loadings in the range of 0.7\u22128.4 \u03bcg of C cm^(-2). It was demonstrated for three ambient samples, four source samples, and three complex mixtures of organic compounds that the relative amount of total evolved carbon allocated as OC and EC (i.e., the ECOC split) is sensitive to the temperature program used for analysis, and the magnitude of the sensitivity is dependent on the types of aerosol particles collected. The fraction of elemental carbon measured in wood smoke and an extract of organic compounds from a wood smoke sample were sensitive to the temperature program used for the ECOC analysis. The ECOC split for the three ambient samples and a coal fly ash sample showed moderate sensitivity to temperature program, while a carbon black sample and a sample of secondary organic aerosol were measured to have the same split of OC and EC with all temperature programs that were examined.", "date": "2003-03-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "37", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "993-1001", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101353210", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101353210", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "0080814" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es020622f", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Schauer, J. J.; Mader, B. T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4amyk-46y84", "eprint_id": 76221, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:38:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:35:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Jian", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Jian" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "A Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) System for Submicron Aerosol Measurements at Ambient Relative Humidity", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2002 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 27 December 2001; accepted 6 May 2002. \n\nThe authors extend special appreciation to the CIRPAS crew for their help in integrating the DMA system into Twin Otter aircraft: Haflidi Jonsson, Bob Rogell, Dennis Hamaker, Nava Roy, and Roy Woods. This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research.", "abstract": "A new differential mobility analyzer (DMA) system for measuring submicron aerosol size distribution at ambient relative humidity (RH), with special attention to implementation on aircraft, is described. The system includes an active RH controller, a cylindrical differential mobility analyzer (CDMA), and a condensation particle counter. A cascade controller consisting of 2 Proportional-Integral-Differential (PID) modules maintains the RH inside the CDMA at ambient RH. The flows are controlled with feedback PID controllers, which compensate for the variation of pressure as the aircraft changes altitude. This system was integrated into the CIRPAS Twin Otter aircraft and used to measure ambient size distributions during the ACE-Asia experiment, which was carried out from March to May 2001 in Japan.", "date": "2003", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "37", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "46-52", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170408-163738887", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170408-163738887", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786820300891", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Wang, Jian; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wnns6-1q938", "eprint_id": 119343, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:57:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:56:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mader-Brian-T", "name": { "family": "Mader", "given": "Brian T." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Airborne measurements of atmospheric carbonaceous aerosols during ACE-Asia", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Paleontology; Space and Planetary Science; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Atmospheric Science; Earth-Surface Processes; Geochemistry and Petrology; Soil Science; Water Science and Technology; Ecology; Aquatic Science; Forestry; Oceanography; Geophysics", "note": "This project was supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-96-0119 and National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0001934. The authors would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments.", "abstract": "Airborne levels of carbonaceous aerosols were measured using the Twin Otter aircraft during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE)-Asia. Particles were collected using a newly developed honeycomb denuder sampler and organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and carbonate (CC) carbon levels determined using a thermal\u2013optical carbon analyzer. During some flights, atmospheric layers could be identified as marine boundary, pollution dominated, or mineral dust dominated. \u00c5ngstrom exponent (\u00e5) values, calculated based on data from an onboard three-wavelength nephelometer, were used to discern the nature of some individual layers. Values of \u00e5 for individual layers ranged from 0.2 to 2, corresponding to dust- and pollution-dominated layers, respectively. OC and EC concentrations below 3 km ranged from 0.58 to 29 \u03bcg C m\u207b\u00b3 and from 0.20 to 1.8 \u03bcg C m\u207b\u00b3, respectively. In general, for a given type of atmospheric layer, higher levels of total carbon (TC) were observed during ACE-Asia than those observed during ACE-2, Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX) and Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). Mixed layers of dust and pollution were found on some occasions. CC was detected in samples taken from layers in which \u00e5 = 1.6, indicating that significant amounts of dust can be present even though \u00e5 > 0.2. A linear regression of light absorption coefficient \u03c3_(ap) (Mm\u207b\u00b9) versus EC concentration had an r\u00b2 of only 0.50, indicating that parameters other than the mass of EC significantly affected the value of \u03c3_(ap). The mass absorption coefficient E_(abs) (m\u00b2 g\u207b\u00b9) varied by as much as a factor of 8 between sampling events, and the average value of 11 m\u00b2 g\u207b\u00b9 (\u00b15.0) agrees well with previous published values.", "date": "2002-12-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "107", "number": "D23", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 4704", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-908468500.1", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-908468500.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-96-0119" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0001934" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2002jd002221", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Mader, Brian T.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4awyk-p2f70", "eprint_id": 59696, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:27:11", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:37:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Jian", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Collins-D-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "D. R." } }, { "id": "Russell-P-B", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "P. B." } }, { "id": "Schmid-B", "name": { "family": "Schmid", "given": "B." } }, { "id": "Redemann-J", "name": { "family": "Redemann", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Livingston-J-M", "name": { "family": "Livingston", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Gao-Song", "name": { "family": "Gao", "given": "S." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7427-6681" }, { "id": "Hegg-D-A", "name": { "family": "Hegg", "given": "D. A." } }, { "id": "Welton-E-J", "name": { "family": "Welton", "given": "E. J." } }, { "id": "Bates-D", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "D." } } ] }, "title": "Clear-column radiative closure during ACE-Asia: Comparison of multiwavelength extinction derived from particle size and composition with results from Sun photometry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosol optical depth, ACE-Asia, Sun photometer", "note": "\u00a9 2002 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 19 April 2002; revised 23 July 2002; accepted 25 July 2002; published 5 December 2002. \n\nWe thank Brian Mader, Jose Jimenez, and Roya Bahreini for sharing their data. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant ATM-0001934, Office of Naval Research grants N00014-96-1-0119, N00014-01-F-0404, and N00014-97-1-0132, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Program codes 622-44-75-10 and 291-01-91-45, and National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration order NAO2AANRG0129.\n\nPublished - 187-Wang-2002.pdf
", "abstract": "From March to May 2001, aerosol size distributions and chemical compositions were measured using differential mobility analyzers (DMA), an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS), Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDI), and denuder samplers onboard the Twin Otter aircraft as part of the Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE)-Asia campaign. Of the 19 research flights, measurements on four flights that represented different aerosol characteristics are analyzed in detail. Clear-column radiative closure is studied by comparing aerosol extinctions predicted using in situ aerosol size distribution and chemical composition measurements to those derived from the 14-wavelength NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sun photometer (AATS-14). In the boundary layer, pollution layers, and free troposphere with no significant mineral dust present, aerosol extinction closure was achieved within the estimated uncertainties over the full range of wavelengths of AATS-14. Aerosol extinctions predicted based on measured size distributions also reproduce the wavelength dependence derived from AATS-14 data. Considering all four flights, the best fit lines yield Predicted/Observed ratios in boundary and pollution layers of 0.97 \u00b1 0.24 and 1.07 \u00b1 0.08 at \u03bb = 525 nm and 0.96 \u00b1 0.21 and 1.08 \u00b1 0.08 at \u03bb = 1059 nm, respectively. In free troposphere dust layers, aerosol extinctions predicted from the measured size distributions were generally smaller than those derived from the AATS-14 data, with Predicted/Observed ratios of 0.65 \u00b1 0.06 and 0.66 \u00b1 0.05 at 525 and 1059 nm, respectively. A detailed analysis suggests that the discrepancy is likely a result of the lack of the knowledge of mineral dust shape as well as variations in aerosol extinction derived from AATS-14 data when viewing through horizontally inhomogeneous layers.", "date": "2002-12-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "107", "number": "D23", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 4688", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101054502", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101054502", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0001934" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-96-1-0119" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-01-F-0404" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-97-1-0132" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "622-44-75-10" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "291-01-91-45" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)", "grant_number": "NAO2AANRG0129" } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "187-Wang-2002.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4awyk-p2f70/files/187-Wang-2002.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Wang, J.; Flagan, R. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/06v0z-mw456", "eprint_id": 59681, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-23 23:51:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:36:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Northway-M-J", "name": { "family": "Northway", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Gao-R-S", "name": { "family": "Gao", "given": "R. S." } }, { "id": "Popp-P-J", "name": { "family": "Popp", "given": "P. J." } }, { "id": "Holecek-J-C", "name": { "family": "Holecek", "given": "J. C." } }, { "id": "Fahey-D-W", "name": { "family": "Fahey", "given": "D. W." } }, { "id": "Carslaw-K-S", "name": { "family": "Carslaw", "given": "K. S." } }, { "id": "Tolbert-M-A", "name": { "family": "Tolbert", "given": "M. A." } }, { "id": "Lait-L-R", "name": { "family": "Lait", "given": "L. R." } }, { "id": "Dhaniyala-S", "name": { "family": "Dhaniyala", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Wennberg-P-O", "name": { "family": "Wennberg", "given": "P. O." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854" }, { "id": "Mahoney-M-J", "name": { "family": "Mahoney", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Herman-R-L", "name": { "family": "Herman", "given": "R. L." } }, { "id": "Toon-G-C", "name": { "family": "Toon", "given": "G. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4174-7541" }, { "id": "Bui-T-P", "name": { "family": "Bui", "given": "T. P." } } ] }, "title": "An analysis of large HNO_3-containing particles sampled in the Arctic stratosphere during the winter of 1999/2000", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "polar stratospheric clouds; particles; denitrification; HNO_3; NAT; NO_y", "note": "\u00a9 2002 American Geophysical Union. \n\nReceived 9 July 2001; revised 28 November 2001; accepted 1 December 2002; published 24 October 2002. \n\nThe authors wish to thank the NASA ER-2 pilots J. Barrilleaux, J. Nystrom, and D. Porter and ground crew; Richard Winkler for his programming assistance; and Rich McLaughlin for assistance with Figure 2. This work was supported by the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Some of the material presented is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under award ATM-9871353, P. Wennberg, P.I.\n\nPublished - 185-Northway-2002.pdf
", "abstract": "Large (>2 \u03bcm diameter) HNO_3-containing polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles were measured in situ by the NOAA NO_y instrument on board the NASA ER-2 aircraft during seven flights in the 1999/2000 Arctic winter vortex. Here we discuss the detection of these large PSC particles, their spatial distribution, the ambient conditions under which they were detected, and our methods for interpreting NO_y time series with respect to particle sizes and number concentrations. The particles were observed through the use of two NO_y inlets on a particle separator extending below the ER-2 aircraft. The particle phase is assumed to be nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) or nitric acid dihydrate (NAD). Over a 48-day period, particles were sampled in the Arctic vortex over a broad range of latitudes (60\u201385\u00b0N) and altitudes (15\u201321 km). Typically, regions of the atmosphere up to 4 km above the observed large particle clouds were saturated with respect to NAT. Occasionally, large particles were measured in air subsaturated with respect to NAT, suggesting ongoing particle evaporation. Vortex minimum temperatures in the observation period suggest that synoptic-scale ice saturation conditions are not required for the formation of this type of particle. Three analytical methods are used to estimate size and number concentrations from the NO_y time series. Results indicate particle sizes between 5 and 20 \u03bcm diameter and concentrations from 10^(\u22125) to 10^(\u22123) cm^(\u22123). These low number concentrations imply a selective nucleation mechanism. Particle sizes and number concentrations were greater during the midwinter flights than the late winter flights. Knowledge of the geographical extent of large particles, actual sampling conditions, and particle size distributions offers multiple constraints for atmospheric models of PSC formation, which will lead to a better understanding of the process of denitrification and improvements in modeling future ozone loss.", "date": "2002-10-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "107", "number": "D20", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "Art. No. 8298", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100656143", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100656143", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9871353" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Division-of-Geological-and-Planetary-Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2001JD001079", "primary_object": { "basename": "185-Northway-2002.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/06v0z-mw456/files/185-Northway-2002.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Northway, M. J.; Gao, R. S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pnhcz-54k24", "eprint_id": 59682, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:11:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:36:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Smith-J-N", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "James N." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4677-8224" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Beauchamp-J-L", "name": { "family": "Beauchamp", "given": "J. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8839-4822" } ] }, "title": "Droplet Evaporation and Discharge Dynamics in Electrospray Ionization", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2002 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: March 5, 2002; In Final Form: June 28, 2002. \n\nPart of the special issue \"Jack Beauchamp Festschrift\". \n\nThe authors thank the following agencies for funding this work:\u2009 National Science Foundation (CHE-9727566), Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, the Office of Naval Research, and the Beckman Institute of Caltech.", "abstract": "We present measurements of the distributions of droplet size and charge along with, for selected droplets, the variation of droplet size and charge with time for electrosprays of methanol, acetonitrile, and water, as well as for methanol at different polarities and electrolyte concentrations. These measurements are performed using a new technique for measuring droplet size and charge that uses phase Doppler interferometry for obtaining droplet size and inferring droplet charge from comparison of measured and calculated droplet mobility in a constant electric field. For selected droplets, multiple measurements of the size and charge are performed by repeated reversal of the drift field. This \"ping-pong\" experiment tracks droplet size and charge for loss of up to 99.9% of the initial droplet volume. We observe that droplet instability, referred to as a discharge event, mainly occurs near or above the Rayleigh limit of charge, resulting in a charge loss of 15\u221220% for methanol and acetonitrile and 20\u221240% in the case of water. Each discharge event is accompanied by a small mass loss, and droplet size evolution is dominated by evaporation. Discharge dynamics for negatively charged droplets are similar to those observed for positively charged droplets. The addition of up to 10^(-4) M of NaCl to the solution does not significantly alter discharge dynamics. Measured size\u2212charge correlations for droplets from electrosprays of methanol at low electrolyte concentrations (<10^(-5) M), and to a lesser degree acetonitrile with similar electrolyte levels, fall into discrete groupings of size and charge that can be attributed to an initially monodisperse distribution of size and charge, followed by discharge events in which a nearly constant fractional charge loss occurs as a result of the Rayleigh instability.", "date": "2002-10-24", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry A", "volume": "106", "number": "42", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "9957-9967", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100936754", "issn": "1089-5639", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100936754", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE-9727566" }, { "agency": "Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "Caltech Beckman Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/jp025723e", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Smith, James N.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cjb4a-3ey42", "eprint_id": 56070, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:38:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:36:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "O'Dowd-C-D", "name": { "family": "O'Dowd", "given": "Colin D." } }, { "id": "Jimenez-J-L", "name": { "family": "Jimenez", "given": "Jose L." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6203-1847" }, { "id": "Bahreini-R", "name": { "family": "Bahreini", "given": "Roya" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "H\u00e4meri-K", "name": { "family": "H\u00e4meri", "given": "Kaarle" } }, { "id": "Pirjola-L", "name": { "family": "Pirjola", "given": "Liisa" } }, { "id": "Kulmala-M", "name": { "family": "Kulmala", "given": "Markku" } }, { "id": "Jennings-S-G", "name": { "family": "Jennings", "given": "S. Gerard" } }, { "id": "Hoffmann-T", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Thorsten" } } ] }, "title": "Marine aerosol formation from biogenic iodine emissions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2002 Nature Publishing Group. Received 21 December 2001; Accepted 16 April 2002.\n\nThis work was funded by the European Commission, the Finnish Academy, the US Department of Energy and the National Development Plan and Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland.", "abstract": "The formation of marine aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei\u2014from which marine clouds originate\u2014depends ultimately on the availability of new, nanometre-scale particles in the marine boundary layer. Because marine aerosols and clouds scatter incoming radiation and contribute a cooling effect to the Earth's radiation budget, new particle production is important in climate regulation. It has been suggested that sulphuric acid\u2014derived from the oxidation of dimethyl sulphide\u2014is responsible for the production of marine aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei. It was accordingly proposed that algae producing dimethyl sulphide play a role in climate regulation, but this has been difficult to prove and, consequently, the processes controlling marine particle formation remains largely undetermined. Here, using smog chamber experiments under coastal atmospheric conditions, we demonstrate that new particles can form from condensable iodine-containing vapours, which are the photolysis products of biogenic iodocarbons emitted from marine algae. Moreover, we illustrate, using aerosol formation models, that concentrations of condensable iodine-containing vapours over the open ocean are sufficient to influence marine particle formation. We suggest therefore that marine iodocarbon emissions have a potentially significant effect on global radiative forcing.", "date": "2002-06-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nature", "volume": "417", "number": "6889", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "pagerange": "632-636", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150325-103852382", "issn": "0028-0836", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150325-103852382", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "European Commission" }, { "agency": "Finnish Academy" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "National Development Plan and Environmental Protection Agency (Ireland)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1038/nature00775", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "O'Dowd, Colin D.; Jimenez, Jose L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7khhd-h1752", "eprint_id": 59697, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 23:22:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:37:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Jian", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Jian" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Diffusional losses in particle sampling systems containing bends and elbows", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Particle diffusion loss; Bend; Elbow", "note": "\u00a9 2002 Elsevier. \n\nReceived 15 June 2001; accepted 27 December 2001. \n\nThis work was supported by the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014\u201396\u20131\u20130119.", "abstract": "Classical theoretical treatments for diffusional deposition of particles in tube flow describe the losses within straight tubes. The plumbing in many systems of practical interest, notably aerosol instruments, consists of short segments of tubing connected by elbows, bends, and other disturbances. To understand the particle losses in such systems, particle losses in tube flows containing bends and elbows has been studied for Reynolds numbers ranging from 80 to 950. Monodisperse aerosol of 5\u201315 nm diameter particles passed through individual bends or elbows, and through a number of bends or elbows in series. The results show that the effect of bends and elbows on particle diffusion loss is significant. For a flow configuration with four elbows in series, the penetration efficiency drops as much as 44% when compared to a straight tube with the same length. For Reynolds number smaller than 250, the enhancement of diffusion losses due to bends and elbows is sensitive to both the relative orientations of the bends and elbows and the lengths of straight tubing between them. Because of this sensitivity, direct calibration or simulation is required to assess nanoparticle penetration efficiencies for any flow system containing bends or elbows at low Reynolds number. When the Reynolds number exceeds 250, the enhancement is insensitive to the actual flow configurations. Experimental results are presented, which may be useful for design of aerosol flow systems at Reynolds number larger than 250.", "date": "2002-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "33", "number": "6", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "843-857", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101239873", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-101239873", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014\u201396\u20131\u20130119" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0021-8502(02)00042-3", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Wang, Jian; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9s4n9-pdf82", "eprint_id": 59679, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:35:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:36:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Jian", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Jian" } }, { "id": "McNeill-V-F", "name": { "family": "McNeill", "given": "V. Faye" } }, { "id": "Collins-D-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "Don R." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Fast Mixing Condensation Nucleus Counter: Application to Rapid Scanning Differential Mobility Analyzer Measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2002 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 3 December 1999; accepted 11 April 2001. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under grant N0014-96-1-0119. V. F. McNeill received support from the California Institute of Technology Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program. \n\nThe authors would like to than TSI, Inc., for providing the optical detector. \n\nThe authors also gratefully acknowledge the helpful anonymous reviewer whose comments stimulated additional work in revision and significantly enhanced this paper.", "abstract": "Condensation nucleus counters (CNCs) exhibit slower time response than expected due to mixing effects within the detector.This mixing produces an exponential distribution of delay times with a characteristic mixing time \u03c4_m that ranges from 0.1 s to 0.9 s for commonly used instruments and limits their usefulness for measuring rapidly changing aerosols. Moreover, when used as detectors in the scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS; also known as scanning mobility particle sizer, SMPS), CNCs limit the speed with which size distribution measurements can be made. In order to overcome this limitation, a new, fast-response mixing CNC (MCNC) has been developed and characterized. The time response of this new detector and TSI Models 3025 and 3010 CNCs has been measured using a spark source to generate an aerosol pulse. The mixing induced response smearing of this new detector, \u03c4_m, of this instrument is 0.058 s, which is significantly shorter than either of the other instruments tested. Its lower detection limit is about 5 nm diameter. The high aerosol flow rate of the MCNC (0.65 l min^(-1)), fast time response, and low detection limit make it an ideal detector for SEMS/SMPS measurements. Using this MCNC as a detector for the SEMS, size distribution measurements over the 5 nm to 140 nm range have been made in 3 s with minimal distortion. The size distribution of a coagulation aerosol was effectively recovered by deconvolution with scans as short as 1 s. Uncertainties in the 1 s scans result, in part, from electronics problems in the scanning DMA.", "date": "2002-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "36", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "678-689", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100344179", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100344179", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-96-1-0119" }, { "agency": "Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786820290038366", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Wang, Jian; McNeill, V. Faye; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mz2sy-q9x14", "eprint_id": 59678, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:51:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:36:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Collins-D-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "Don R." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Improved Inversion of Scanning DMA Data", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2002 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 22 January 1999; accepted 21 February 2000. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant ATM-9614105 and by the Office of Naval Research grant N00014-91-0119.", "abstract": "Recovery of aerosol size distributions from either stepping or scanning mode differential mobility analyzer (DMA) measurements requires an accurate description of the characteristics of the DMA itself, as well as certain properties of the aerosol. Inversion of scanning DMA data is further complicated by the nonunique relationship between the time a particle exits the DMA and the time it is ultimately detected. Without an accurate description of this relationship, and an appropriate method of accounting for it, inverted distributions will be broadened and skewed relative to the true distribution. A simplified approach to inversion of scanning DMA data is described here in which adjustment of the raw data to account for the delay time distribution associated with the instrument is accomplished prior to final inversion. This provides the flexibility to utilize more accurate descriptions of the delay time distribution and the DMA transfer function than is feasible if the inversion is to be accomplished in one step as described by Russell et al. (1995). The accuracy of this procedure has been demonstrated through analysis of actual as well as test-case data.", "date": "2002-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "36", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "1-9", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100220265", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100220265", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9614105" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-91-0119" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/027868202753339032", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Collins, Don R.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pbf89-c7v89", "eprint_id": 59680, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:55:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:36:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Taylor-P-E", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Philip E." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Valenta-R", "name": { "family": "Valenta", "given": "Rudolf" } }, { "id": "Glovsky-M-M", "name": { "family": "Glovsky", "given": "M. Michael" } } ] }, "title": "Release of allergens as respirable aerosols: A link between grass pollen and asthma", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Grass; pollen; allergen; aerosol; asthma; air pollution", "note": "\u00a9 2002 Mosby. \n\nReceived for publication July 9, 2001; revised September 27, 2001; accepted for publication October 3, 2001. \n\nSupported in part by the Sunair Children's Foundation of Altadena, Calif.", "abstract": "Background: Asthma incidence has long been linked to pollen, even though pollen grains are too large to penetrate into the airways where asthmatic responses originate. Pollen allergens found in small, respirable particles have been implicated in a number of asthma epidemics, particularly ones following rainfall or thunderstorms. \n\nObjective: The aim of this study was to determine how pollen allergens form the respirable aerosols necessary for triggering asthma. \n\nMethods: Flowering grasses were humidified and then dried in a controlled-environment chamber connected to a cascade impactor and an aerosol particle counter. Particles shed from the flowers were analyzed with high-resolution microscopy and immunolabeled with rabbit anti-Phl p 1 antibody, which is specific for group 1 pollen allergens. \n\nResults: Contrary to what has been reported in other published accounts, most of the pollen in this investigation remained on the open anthers of wind pollinated plants unless disturbed\u2014eg, by wind. Increasing humidity caused anthers to close. After a cycle of wetting and drying followed by wind disturbance, grasses flowering within a chamber produced an aerosol of particles that were collected in a cascade impactor. These particles consisted of fragmented pollen cytoplasm in the size range 0.12 to 4.67 \u03bcm; they were loaded with group 1 allergens. \n\nConclusion: Here we provide the first direct observations of the release of grass pollen allergens as respirable aerosols. They can emanate directly from the flower after a moisture-drying cycle. This could explain asthmatic responses associated with grass pollination, particularly after moist weather conditions.", "date": "2002-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology", "volume": "109", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "51-56", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100523961", "issn": "0091-6749", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100523961", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Sunair Children's Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1067/mai.2002.120759", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Taylor, Philip E.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fwa02-30e80", "eprint_id": 59677, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:42:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:35:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mader-B-T", "name": { "family": "Mader", "given": "Brian T." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Sampling Atmospheric Carbonaceous Aerosols Using a Particle Trap Impactor/Denuder Sampler", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2001 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review June 12, 2001. Revised manuscript received\nSeptember 10, 2001. Accepted September 18, 2001. \n\nThis work was supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-96-0119 and National Science Foundation Grant ATM-0001934.", "abstract": "A particle trap impactor/denuder system has been developed and tested for the sampling of ambient carbonaceous aerosols. Use of a particle trap impactor allows for a reduction of particle bounce and re-entrainment at high particle loadings, and operation at high volumetric flow rates is achieved without the use of oiled impaction substrates, thus facilitating the chemical and physical analysis of the organic compounds comprising the collected gas (G) and particle (P) phases. Honeycomb denuders have a greater density of channels for a given denuder cross-sectional area than parallel plate or annular denuders; for a given sampling flow rate, honeycomb denuders can be fabricated in more compact shapes and will have a greater amount of surface area for the collection of gases. Field testing of the sampler was conducted primarily at night to minimize the evaporation of organic carbon (OC) from collected particles, which can result from the heating of collected particles as ambient temperatures rise during the day. In side-by-side testing with an open-face filter pack sampler, the denuder system was found to minimize positive gas adsorption artifacts caused by the adsorption of gaseous OC to quartz filter fiber (QFF) surfaces. In the denuder sampler, negligible amounts of OC were observed on a QFF placed downstream of a particle-loaded QFF, suggesting that OC detected on the backup QFF in the filter pack sampler resulted primarily from the adsorption of ambient G-phase OC rather than OC evaporated from particles collected on the front filter. Equations are presented for the evaluation of the magnitude of positive and negative sampling artifacts. Analysis of these equations indicates that the mass of OC evaporated from filter-bound particles present downstream of a denuder depends on (i) the volume of OC-free gas passed through the filter, (ii) the P-phase concentration and the P/G partition coefficients (K_p) of the compounds comprising the P-phase OC, (iii) the temperature (T) (values of K_p are inversely proportional to T), and (iv) the mass fraction of carbon in the compounds comprising P-phase OC. For these reasons, the magnitude of evaporative losses of OC in denuder samplers may vary among different sampling events. In addition, a method utilizing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry has been developed for determination of inertial impactor collection efficiency and denuder particle transmission efficiency. Using this method, only a single extraction of the sampler components is necessary, thereby reducing the number of extractions and analyses over conventional approaches by at least a factor of 2.", "date": "2001-12-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "35", "number": "24", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4857-4867", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100012364", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-100012364", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-96-0119" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-0001934" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es011059o", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Mader, Brian T.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5kg4h-qkt98", "eprint_id": 59296, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:45:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:17:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cocker-D-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Clegg-S-L", "name": { "family": "Clegg", "given": "Simon L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The effect of water on gas\u2013particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol. Part I: \u03b1-pinene/ozone system", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Secondary organic aerosols; Relative humidity; Biogenic hydrocarbons", "note": "\u00a9 2001 Elsevier. \n\nReceived 10 February 2001; accepted 29 July 2001. \n\nThis work was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency Center on Airborne Organics, US Environmental Protection Agency Agreement CR827331-01-0, and the Chevron Corporation. David Cocker was supported in part by a NSF Graduate Fellowship. The contribution of Simon Clegg was supported by an Advanced Fellowship from the Natural Environment Research Council of the UK. Special thanks to K.M. Cocker, M. Kalberer, and N.E. Whitlock.", "abstract": "The effect of relative humidity (RH) on aerosol formation by the semi-volatile oxidation products of the \u03b1-pinene/O_3 system has been comprehensively studied. Experiments were performed in the presence of ammonium sulfate (aqueous, dry), ammonium bisulfate seed (aqueous, dry), and aqueous calcium chloride seed aerosols to ascertain their effect on the partitioning of the oxidation products. The yield of organic aerosol varies little with RH, and is not affected by the presence of dry inorganic salt aerosols. Aqueous salt aerosols reduce the yield of organic aerosol compared to that under seed-free or dry seed conditions. The degree of reduction is electrolyte dependent, with aqueous ammonium sulfate leading to the largest reduction and aqueous calcium chloride the smallest. Hygroscopic growth of the organic aerosol from <2% to 85% RH was also monitored, and could be satisfactorily represented as the sum of the individual contributions of the organic and inorganic fractions. The implications of the growth factor measurements for concentration/activity relationships of the condensed phase organic material (assuming a liquid solution) was explored. The formation of the organic aerosol was investigated using a simple two component model, and also one including the 12 product compounds identified in a previous study. The experimental results for <2% and 50% RH (without salt seed aerosols) could be satisfactorily predicted. However, the aqueous salt seed aerosols are predicted to increase the overall yield due to the dissolution of the organic compounds into the water associated with the seed aerosol\u2014the opposite effect to that observed. The implications of two distinct phases existing the aerosol phase were investigated.", "date": "2001-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment", "volume": "35", "number": "35", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "6049-6072", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-171813438", "issn": "1352-2310", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-171813438", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "CR827331-01-0" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" }, { "agency": "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00404-6", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Cocker, David R., III; Clegg, Simon L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h59r9-prh76", "eprint_id": 119349, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:46:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:53:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cocker-David-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Mader-Brian-T", "name": { "family": "Mader", "given": "Brian T." } }, { "id": "Kalberer-Markus", "name": { "family": "Kalberer", "given": "Markus" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8885-6556" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The effect of water on gas\u2013particle partitioning of secondary organic aerosol: II. m-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation systems", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atmospheric Science; General Environmental Science", "note": "This work was supported by the US Environmental Protection Agency Center on Airborne Organics, US Environmental Protection Agency Agreement CR827331-01-0, and the Chevron Corporation. David Cocker was supported in part by a NSF graduate fellowship. Special thanks to K.M. Cocker, N.E. Whitlock, H. Zhuang, and R. Bahreini.", "abstract": "An investigation of the effect of relative humidity on aerosol formation from in-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation is reported, Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of ammonium sulfate seed particles (both aqueous and dry) to ascertain the effect of partitioning of oxidation products into a strong electrolytic solution or onto dry crystalline seed particles, In marked contrast to the alpha -pinene/ozone system, the final measured secondary organic aerosol yield was unaffected by the presence of gas-phase or liquid-phase water at relative humidities (RH) up to 50%. The hygroscopic nature of the aerosol generated upon photooxidation of m-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was examined; the hygroscopicity of the aerosol at 85% RH for both parent organics increased with the extent of the reaction, indicating that the first-generation oxidation products undergo further oxidation. Limited identification of the gas- and aerosol-phase products of in-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation is reported, It is evident that a more complete molecular identification of aromatic photooxidation aerosol awaits analytical techniques not yet brought to bear on this problem.", "date": "2001-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment", "volume": "35", "number": "35", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "6073-6085", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-332296900.2", "issn": "1352-2310", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-332296900.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "CR827331-01-0" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00405-8", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Cocker, David R., III; Mader, Brian T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ymxfy-50889", "eprint_id": 120594, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:33:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:53:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "History of aerosol science: Othmar Preining and E. James Davis (Eds.); Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Austria, 2000 [Book Review]", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; Atmospheric Science; Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes; Mechanical Engineering; Environmental Engineering", "abstract": "Aerosol science grew out of the foundations laid by researchers from many disciplines whose motivations varied widely. Many sought to understand the nature and origins of haze and clouds, the atmospheric effects of industrial and natural atmospheric emissions, and the dispersal of pollutants or germs. Others studied aerosols to learn how to reduce health risks to miners, to protect the general population from the hazards of industrial progress or soldiers from chemical weapons. Those early researchers developed the instruments that enabled quantification of aerosol properties and the theoretical methods that have revealed the underlying physics. Who among recent generations of aerosol researchers realize that the first commercial electronic condensation nucleus counters were developed to detect submarines? The History of Aerosol Science, edited by Othnar Preining and Jim Davis, presents papers from the Symposium on the History of Aerosol Science that was held in Vienna in 1999. It provides a multifaceted glimpse of the events, the people, and the organizations that have transformed aerosol science from a backwater of traditional disciplines to its present internationally recognized place in the community of science.", "date": "2001-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "32", "number": "9", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1131-1132", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-919316000.2", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-919316000.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/s0021-8502(01)00042-8", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4p9r3-e9q67", "eprint_id": 2483, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:29:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:33:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Boer-Elizabeth-A", "name": { "family": "Boer", "given": "Elizabeth A." } }, { "id": "Brongersma-Mark-L", "name": { "family": "Brongersma", "given": "Mark L." } }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Bell-L-D", "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "L. D." } } ] }, "title": "Localized charge injection in SiO\u2082 films containing silicon nanocrystals", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "silicon compounds; silicon; elemental semiconductors; insulating thin films; semiconductor quantum dots; nanostructured materials; nanotechnology; charge injection; atomic force microscopy; electron traps; hole traps; ion implantation; impurity states", "note": "\u00a9 2001 American Institute of Physics. \n\n(Received 14 July 2000; accepted 14 May 2001) \n\nThe research described in this letter was jointly sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Director's Research and Development Fund, and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 98-71850.\n\nPublished - BOEapl01.pdf
", "abstract": "An atomic-force microscope (AFM) is used to locally inject, detect, and quantify the amount and location of charge in SiO\u2082 films containing Si nanocrystals (size ~2\u20136 nm). By comparison with control samples, charge trapping is shown to be due to nanocrystals and not ion-implantation-induced defects in samples containing ion-beam-synthesized Si nanocrystals. Using an electrostatic model and AFM images of charge we have estimated the amount of charge injected in a typical experiment to be a few hundred electrons and the discharge rate to be ~35 \u00b1 15 e/min.", "date": "2001-08-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "79", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "791-793", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:BOEapl01b", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:BOEapl01b", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "JPL Director's Research and Development Fund" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR 98-71850" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1383574", "primary_object": { "basename": "BOEapl01.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4p9r3-e9q67/files/BOEapl01.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Boer, Elizabeth A.; Brongersma, Mark L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/px7j0-qz475", "eprint_id": 119350, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:28:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:38:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cocker-David-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Whitlock-Nathan-E", "name": { "family": "Whitlock", "given": "Nathan E." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Hygroscopic Properties of Pasadena, California Aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; General Materials Science; Environmental Chemistry", "note": "This work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Center on Airborne Organics. Special thanks to Kathalena Cocker and Markus Kalberer for assistance with the experiments and the processing of the data.", "abstract": "The hygroscopic behavior of Pasadena, CA aerosol was continuously measured from August 15 to September 15, 1999 using a tandem differential mobility analyzer. Two dry particle sizes were sampled, 50 nm and 150 nm in diameter; humidification of the dry aerosol was carried out at 89% relative humidity. Complex growth patterns were observed for both size modes, with aerosol distributions splitting from a single mode at times to more than 6 modes. Diurnal profiles for the observed multiple peaks were noted, with the greatest number of measurable growth modes being found during the late night and predawn hours for 50 mn particles. For 150 nm particles, more modes were present during the afternoon hours, with the humidified aerosol becoming bimodal during the late night/early morning hours. Growth factors, defined as the ratio of humidified particle diameter (at 89%) to dry diameter, were determined for modes with significant number concentrations. Average growth factors over the sampling period for the 2 particle sizes ranged from 1.0 to 1.6. Hygroscopic growth increased in the latter half of the sampling period when forest fires were present. In short, treating this complex urban aerosol as a combination of \"less\" and \"more\" hygroscopic fractions is an oversimplification.", "date": "2001-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "35", "number": "2", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "637-647", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-287269600.2", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-287269600.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786820120653", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Cocker, David R., III; Whitlock, Nathan E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5wynb-tj580", "eprint_id": 3614, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:26:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:03:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ostraat-M-L", "name": { "family": "Ostraat", "given": "M. L." } }, { "id": "De-Blauwe-J-W", "name": { "family": "De Blauwe", "given": "J. W." } }, { "id": "Green-M-L", "name": { "family": "Green", "given": "M. L." } }, { "id": "Bell-L-D", "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "L. D." } }, { "id": "Brongersma-M-L", "name": { "family": "Brongersma", "given": "M. L." } }, { "id": "Casperson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Casperson", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "H. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" } ] }, "title": "Synthesis and characterization of aerosol silicon nanocrystal nonvolatile floating-gate memory devices", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "silicon; elemental semiconductors; nanostructured materials; MOSFET; random-access storage; sol-gel processing", "note": "\u00a9 2001 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 29 March 2001; accepted 21 May 2001. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation.\n\nPublished - OSTapl01.pdf
", "abstract": "This letter describes the fabrication and structural and electrical characterization of an aerosol-nanocrystal-based floating-gate field-effect-transistor nonvolatile memory. Aerosol nanocrystal nonvolatile memory devices demonstrate program/erase characteristics comparable to conventional stacked-gate nonvolatile memory devices. Aerosol nanocrystal devices with 0.2 \u00b5m channel lengths exhibit large threshold voltage shifts (>3 V), submicrosecond program times, millisecond erase times, excellent endurance (> 10^(5) program/erase cycles), and long-term nonvolatility (> 10^(6) s) despite thin tunnel oxides (55-60 A). In addition, a simple aerosol fabrication and deposition process makes the aerosol nanocrystal memory device an attractive candidate for low-cost nonvolatile memory applications.", "date": "2001-07-16", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "79", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "433-435", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:OSTapl01", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:OSTapl01", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1385190", "primary_object": { "basename": "OSTapl01.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5wynb-tj580/files/OSTapl01.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Ostraat, M. L.; De Blauwe, J. W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yma2c-23p72", "eprint_id": 75151, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:53:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:47:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cocker-D-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "State-of-the-Art Chamber Facility for Studying Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2001 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review November 29, 2000. Revised manuscript\nreceived April 3, 2001. Accepted April 5, 2001. Publication Date (Web): May 17, 2001. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Center on Airborne Organics and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Agreement CR827331-01-0.", "abstract": "A state-of-the-art chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Dual 28 m^3 FEP Teflon film chambers are used to simulate atmospheric conditions in which aerosol formation may occur. This facility provides the flexibility to investigate dark, single oxidant reactions as well as full photochemical simulations. This paper discusses the environmental control implemented as well as the gas-phase and aerosol-phase instrumentation used to monitor atmospheric aerosol formation and growth. Physical processes occurring in the chamber and procedures for estimating secondary organic aerosol formation during reaction are described. Aerosol formation and evolution protocols at varying relative humidity conditions are presented.", "date": "2001-06-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "35", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "2594-2601", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170315-135131216", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170315-135131216", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "CR827331-01-0" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1021/es0019169", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Cocker, David R., III; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s3fpq-eq772", "eprint_id": 2193, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:14:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:15:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Boer-E-A", "name": { "family": "Boer", "given": "E. A." } }, { "id": "Bell-L-D", "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "L. D." } }, { "id": "Brongersma-M-L", "name": { "family": "Brongersma", "given": "M. L." } }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "H. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Ostraat-M-L", "name": { "family": "Ostraat", "given": "M. L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Charging of single Si nanocrystals by atomic force microscopy", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "silicon; elemental semiconductors; atomic force microscopy; nanostructured materials; surface charging", "note": "\u00a9 2001 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 18 December 2000; accepted 19 March 2001. \n\nThe research described in this paper was jointly sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Director's Research and Development Fund, and by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR 98-71850.\n\nPublished - BOEapl01.pdf
", "abstract": "Conducting-tip atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to electronically probe silicon nanocrystals on an insulating substrate. The nanocrystal samples were produced by aerosol techniques and size classified; nanocrystal size can be controlled in the size range of 2-50 nm with a size variation of less than 10%. Using a conducting tip, the charge was injected directly into the nanocrystals, and the subsequent dissipation of the charge was monitored. Estimates of the injected charge can be made by comparison of the data with an intermittent contact mode model of the AFM response to the electrostatic force produced by the stored charge.", "date": "2001-05-14", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "78", "number": "20", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "3133-3135", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:BOEapl01", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:BOEapl01", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "JPL Director's Research and Development Fund" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR 98-71850" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1371783", "primary_object": { "basename": "BOEapl01.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s3fpq-eq772/files/BOEapl01.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Boer, E. A.; Bell, L. D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dmcq6-qhs80", "eprint_id": 120598, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:13:11", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 15:52:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Camata-Renato-P", "name": { "family": "Camata", "given": "Renato P." } }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Space-charge effects in nanoparticle processing using the differential mobility analyzer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; Atmospheric Science; Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes; Mechanical Engineering; Environmental Engineering", "note": "This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation under Grant NSF-DMR-98-71850. R.P.C. acknowledges support from CNPq, Bras\u0131\u0301lia, Brazil. The authors would like to thank Dr. Gang He and Prof. Kerry J. Vahala for valuable discussions.", "abstract": "We report the observation of mobility classification breakdown due to strong space-charge effects during nanoparticle processing in a radial differential mobility analyzer (DMA). A simple dimensionless group, the space-charge number, is introduced to help identify the conditions for which this phenomenon becomes important. Our analysis suggests a few DMA design features and operation conditions that should enable the accurate classification of ultrafine aerosols with high concentrations of charged particles.", "date": "2001-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "32", "number": "5", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "583-599", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-864844000.2", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-864844000.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-98-71850" }, { "agency": "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/s0021-8502(00)00104-x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Camata, Renato P.; Atwater, Harry A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/at54e-jwt64", "eprint_id": 2995, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:10:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:51:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ostraat-M-L", "name": { "family": "Ostraat", "given": "Michele L." } }, { "id": "De-Blauwe-J-W", "name": { "family": "De Blauwe", "given": "Jan W." } }, { "id": "Green-M-L", "name": { "family": "Green", "given": "Martin L." } }, { "id": "Bell-L-D", "name": { "family": "Bell", "given": "L. Douglas" } }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Ultraclean Two-Stage Aerosol Reactor for Production of Oxide-Passivated Silicon Nanoparticles for Novel Memory Devices", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "silicon; elemental semiconductors; nanostructured materials; spray coating techniques; MOSFET; random-access storage; pyrolysis", "note": "\u00a9 2001 The Electrochemical Society. \n\n(Received October 4, 2000) \n\nThis work was supported by NSF grant no. DMR-9871850. The California Institute of Technology assisted in meeting the publication costs of this article.\n\nPublished - OSTjes01.pdf
", "abstract": "Silicon nanoparticle-based floating gate metal oxide semiconductor field effect devices are attractive candidates for terabit cm^\u20132 density nonvolatile memory applications. We have designed an ultraclean two-stage aerosol process reactor and 200 mm wafer deposition chamber in order to integrate Si/SiO2 nanoparticles into memory devices. In the first stage, silicon nanoparticles are synthesized by thermal decomposition of silane gas in a reactor that has been optimized to produce nonagglomerated nanoparticles at rates sufficient for layer deposition. In the second stage, the silicon particles are passivated with thermal oxide that partly consumes the particle. This two-stage aerosol reactor has been integrated to a 200 mm silicon wafer deposition chamber that is contained within a class 100 cleanroom environment. This entire reactor system conforms to rigorous cleanliness specifications such that we can control transition metal contamination to as good as 10^10 atoms cm^\u20132. The deposition chamber has been designed to produce a controllable particle density profile along a 200 mm wafer where particles are thermophoretically deposited uniformly over three-quarters of the wafer. Thus, we now have the capability to deposit controlled densities of oxide-passivated silicon nanoparticles onto 200 mm silicon wafers for production of silicon nanoparticle memory devices.", "date": "2001-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the Electrochemical Society", "volume": "148", "number": "5", "publisher": "Electrochemical Society", "pagerange": "G265-G270", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:OSTjes01", "issn": "0013-4651", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:OSTjes01", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR-9871850" }, { "agency": "Caltech" } ] }, "doi": "10.1149/1.1360210", "primary_object": { "basename": "OSTjes01.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/at54e-jwt64/files/OSTjes01.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Ostraat, Michele L.; De Blauwe, Jan W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kt52p-vzv50", "eprint_id": 7820, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:01:43", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:05:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Chuang-Patrick-Y", "name": { "family": "Chuang", "given": "Patrick Y." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2290-8346" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "A theoretical analysis of cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) instruments", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "This work was supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-91-0119. We would also like to acknowledge Timothy VanReken for performing part of the CCNS calibration curve experiments.\n\nPublished - JHS432.pdf
", "abstract": "The behavior and performance of four cloud condensation nucleus instruments are theoretically analyzed. They include the static diffusion cloud chamber (SDCC), the Fukuta continuous flow spectrometer (FCNS), the Hudson continuous flow spectrometer (HCNS), and the California Institute of Technology continuous flow spectrometer (CCNS). A numerical model of each instrument is constructed on the basis of a general fluid dynamics code coupled to an aerosol growth/activation model. Instrument performance is explored by simulating instrument response when sampling a monodisperse ammonium sulfate aerosol. The uncertainty in the wall temperature boundary condition is estimated for all the instruments and is found to be appreciable only for the CCNS. The CCNS and HCNS models reasonably reproduced experimental data, while reported limits were also verified by the FCNS model. Regarding the performance of each instrument, simulations show that the SDCC produces droplets that are monodisperse to within 10% of the particle diameter (for particles of a constant critical supersaturation). The FCNS can potentially activate particles over a wide range of critical supersaturations, but the prevailing design exhibits low sensitivity to particles with critical supersaturations below 0.1% as a result of the short time available for droplet growth under low supersaturations. The resolution capability of both HCNS and CCNS with respect to critical supersaturation is shown to be particularly sensitive to operational parameters. This is a consequence of the strongly nonlinear nature of droplet growth; droplet size cannot always be used to distinguish particles with different critical supersaturation because of the growing droplets' trend toward monodispersity. Of the two instruments, the HCNS generally displays higher resolution capability. This is attributed to the smoother and monotonic supersaturation profiles established in the HCNS. While different design parameters or operating conditions may lead to modest shifts in the performance from that predicted here for any of the four instruments, the essential features described in this paper are inherent to their designs.", "date": "2001-02-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "106", "number": "D4", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "3449-3474", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:65", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:65", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-91-0119" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/2000JD900614", "primary_object": { "basename": "JHS432.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kt52p-vzv50/files/JHS432.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Nenes, Athanasios; Chuang, Patrick Y.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4174b-en097", "eprint_id": 59295, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:16:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:17:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Smedley-G-T", "name": { "family": "Smedley", "given": "G. T." } }, { "id": "Phares-D-J", "name": { "family": "Phares", "given": "D. J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Entrainment of fine particles from surfaces by gas jets impinging at oblique incidence", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2001 Springer. \n\nReceived: 15 December 1998/Accepted: 15 March 2000. \n\nSupport for this work was provided by the FAA under Grant 93-G-060.", "abstract": "This paper describes an experimental study of the removal of fine (12\u2009\u03bcm) polystyrene particles from a glass substrate, using a gas jet that impinges obliquely onto a particle-laden surface. In order to avoid transient affects associated with jet start-up, the sample was slowly translated under a steady jet. The translating gas jet produces a long, clean path that provides very good statistics for exploring the effect of jet parameters. This study focuses on the dependence of the spatial distribution of removal on the jet pressure ratio and impingement angle. The jet is translated over the sample both longitudinally and transversely to determine both the width and the length of the particle removal footprint. The width of the removal footprint increases and the length decreases as the impingement angle is increased. Previous researchers have reported seemingly contradictory results regarding the dependence of removal efficiency on impingement angle; this paper seeks to resolve these differences. For the steady jet, the threshold jet pressure ratio required for 50% particle removal increases with decreasing impingement angle. In addition, studies of the entrainment of well-characterized particles from well-characterized substrates provide insight into the surface shear stress imposed by the oblique jet.", "date": "2001-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Experiments in Fluids", "volume": "30", "number": "2", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "135-142", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-171015183", "issn": "0723-4864", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-171015183", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)", "grant_number": "95-G-060" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/s003480000148", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Smedley, G. T.; Phares, D. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fmd52-gaz11", "eprint_id": 67853, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:52:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:48:58", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kalberer-M", "name": { "family": "Kalberer", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Yu-J", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Cocker-D-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "D. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol Formation in the Cyclohexene-Ozone System", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2000 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review April 14, 2000. Revised manuscript received August 29, 2000. Accepted August 29, 2000. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Center on Airborne Organics and the Swiss National Science Foundation.", "abstract": "Atmospheric oxidation of certain volatile organic compounds can lead to products of sufficiently low vapor pressure that the products partition into the aerosol phase, producing what is termed secondary organic aerosol. Cyclohexene has long been known to produce aerosol upon photooxidation. In this study, we obtain molecular product information especially for those species that partition between the gas and particle phases. Compounds identified in the aerosol phase include hydroxyglutaric acid, adipic acid, and hydroxyadipic acid. In accord with previous studies, pentanal is found to be the predominant identified gas-phase products, at a molar yield of 17%. Possible explanations for the presence of relatively high vapor pressure compounds in the aerosol phase are advanced.", "date": "2000-12-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "34", "number": "23", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4894-4901", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160610-153822008", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160610-153822008", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es001180f", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Kalberer, M.; Yu, J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2t4h9-8tv32", "eprint_id": 59292, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:28:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:17:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Phares-D-J", "name": { "family": "Phares", "given": "Denis J." } }, { "id": "Smedley-G-T", "name": { "family": "Smedley", "given": "Gregory T." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Effect of particle size and material properties on aerodynamic resuspension from surfaces", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Elsevier. \n\n(First received 11 June 1999; and in final form 1 February 2000) \n\nSupport for this work was provided by the FAA under Grant 93-G-060.", "abstract": "An experimental study of the aerodynamic entrainment of monodisperse spheres from glass substrates is presented. The spheres were made of ammonium fluorescein and polystyrene standards (M_W=3700, 18,700, and 114,200 amu). The use of monosized particles with carefully controlled properties leads to a narrow distribution of sphere-surface adhesion forces, facilitating the determination of the particle entrainment threshold. The spheres were exposed to well-characterized shear stresses in two different flows, (i) laminar channel flow; and (ii) a normally impinging gas jet. Threshold shear stresses were found to be more sensitive to particle size than predicted by the existing resuspension theories, which are based on equilibrium adhesion models. Furthermore, resuspension was also found to be sensitive to the duration of the applied shear stress. This sensitivity depends upon the particle size and material properties. A kinetic model of particle detachment is presented to account for these observed trends.", "date": "2000-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "31", "number": "11", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1335-1353", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-170144449", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-170144449", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)", "grant_number": "93-G-060" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0021-8502(00)00034-3", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Phares, Denis J.; Smedley, Gregory T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/f1vzj-k2k71", "eprint_id": 59291, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:22:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:17:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Collins-Donald-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "Don R." } }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The scanning flow DMA", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Elsevier. \n\n(First received 25 February 1999; and in final form 3 December 1999) \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Jian Wang, Patrick Chuang, and Jim Smith for their help in the construction and implementation of this measurement system. This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation Grant ATM-9614105, and by the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-0119.", "abstract": "A new method of DMA operation has been implemented in which the flow rates are continuously changed in conjunction with the applied voltage. By optimizing the flow and voltage ramps, improvements can be made in the DMA's measurable size range, counting statistics, resolution, or a partial combination of each of these. Detailed modeling of this technique suggests that errors on the order of 2 to 5% result from incorrect assumptions concerning the flow profile within the DMA. The experimental system enabled accurate control of flows that were varied by an order of magnitude in as little as 30 s. Excellent agreement was obtained between mobility distributions recovered from a voltage ramp, a flow ramp, and a combined voltage and flow ramp. Slight deviations were apparent in the recovered data as the flow scan time was reduced from 60 to 30 s.", "date": "2000-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "31", "number": "10", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1129-1144", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-170014061", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-170014061", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9614105" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-91-0119" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0021-8502(99)00576-5", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Collins, Don R.; Nenes, Athanasios; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/spw2r-3pe55", "eprint_id": 28241, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:17:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 17:45:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Phares-D-J", "name": { "family": "Phares", "given": "Denis J." } }, { "id": "Smedley-G-T", "name": { "family": "Smedley", "given": "Gregory T." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The wall shear stress produced by the normal impingement of a jet on a flat surface", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Cambridge University Press. Received 24 May 1999 and in revised form 10 April 2000. Support for this work was provided by the FAA under Grant 93-G-060.\n\nPublished - PHAjfm00.pdf
", "abstract": "A method for the theoretical determination of the wall shear stress under impinging jets of various congurations is presented. Axisymmetric and two-dimensional\nincompressible jets of a wide range of Reynolds numbers and jet heights are considered. Theoretical predictions from this approach are compared with available wall shear stress measurements. These data are critically evaluated based on the method of measurement and its applicability to the boundary layer under consideration. It was found that impingement-region wall shear stress measurements using the electrochemical method in submerged impinging liquid jets provide the greatest accuracy of any indirect method. A unique wall shear stress measurement technique, based\non observing the removal of monosized spheres from well-characterized surfaces, was used to conrm the impinging jet analysis presented for gas jets. The technique was also used to determine an empirical relation describing the rise in wall shear stress due to compressibility eects in impinging high-velocity jets.", "date": "2000-09-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Fluid Mechanics", "volume": "418", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "pagerange": "351-375", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20111130-084030074", "issn": "0022-1120", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111130-084030074", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)", "grant_number": "93-G-060" } ] }, "doi": "10.1017/S002211200000121X", "primary_object": { "basename": "PHAjfm00.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/spw2r-3pe55/files/PHAjfm00.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Phares, Denis J.; Smedley, Gregory T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dec1y-zqp18", "eprint_id": 11401, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:29:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 23:46:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Noone-Kevin-J", "name": { "family": "Noone", "given": "Kevin J." } }, { "id": "Johnson-Doug-W", "name": { "family": "Johnson", "given": "Doug W." } }, { "id": "Taylor-Jonathan-P", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Jonathan P." } }, { "id": "Ferek-Ronald-J", "name": { "family": "Ferek", "given": "Ronald J." } }, { "id": "Garrett-Timothy-J", "name": { "family": "Garrett", "given": "Tim" } }, { "id": "Hobbs-Peter-V", "name": { "family": "Hobbs", "given": "Peter V." } }, { "id": "Durkee-Philip-A", "name": { "family": "Durkee", "given": "Philip A." } }, { "id": "Nielsen-Kurt-E", "name": { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "Kurt" } }, { "id": "\u00d6str\u00f6m-Elisabeth", "name": { "family": "\u00d6str\u00f6m", "given": "Elisabeth" } }, { "id": "O'Dowd-C-D", "name": { "family": "O'Dowd", "given": "Colin D." } }, { "id": "Smith-Michael-H", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "Michael H." } }, { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "De-Bock-Lieve", "name": { "family": "De Bock", "given": "Lieve" } }, { "id": "Van-Grieken-Ren\u00e9-E", "name": { "family": "Van Grieken", "given": "Ren\u00e9 E." } }, { "id": "Hudson-James-G", "name": { "family": "Hudson", "given": "James G." } }, { "id": "Brooks-Ian", "name": { "family": "Brooks", "given": "Ian" } }, { "id": "Gasparovic-Richard-F", "name": { "family": "Gasparovic", "given": "Richard F." } }, { "id": "Pockalny-Robert-A", "name": { "family": "Pockalny", "given": "Robert A." } } ] }, "title": "A Case Study of Ship Track Formation in a Polluted Marine Boundary Layer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2000 American Meteorological Society. \n\n(Manuscript received July 30, 1996, in final form August 6, 1997) \n\nWe are indebted to the pilots, captain, and crews of the UW C-131A, the MRF C-130, the NRL airship, and the R/V Glorita for their excellent work during the field campaign. Drs. Wendell Nuss and Chuck Wash at NPS provided valuable forecasting and meteorological analysis during the campaign. This project was funded by the Office of Naval Research. The support provided by Bob Bluth from ONR was indispensable, and the project would not have been a success without his efforts.\n\nPublished - NOOjas00a.pdf
", "abstract": "A case study of the effects of ship emissions on the microphysical, radiative, and chemical properties of polluted marine boundary layer clouds is presented. Two ship tracks are discussed in detail. In situ measurements of cloud drop size distributions, liquid water content, and cloud radiative properties, as well as aerosol size distributions (outside-cloud, interstitial, and cloud droplet residual particles) and aerosol chemistry, are presented. These are related to remotely sensed measurements of cloud radiative properties. \n\nThe authors examine the processes behind ship track formation in a polluted marine boundary layer as an example of the effects of anthropogenic particulate pollution on the albedo of marine stratiform clouds.", "date": "2000-08-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences", "volume": "57", "number": "16", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "2748-2764", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:NOOjas00a", "issn": "0022-4928", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NOOjas00a", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2748:ACSOST>2.0.CO;2", "primary_object": { "basename": "NOOjas00a.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dec1y-zqp18/files/NOOjas00a.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Noone, Kevin J.; Johnson, Doug W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c7zgx-d2y41", "eprint_id": 4063, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:29:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 17:35:48", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Noone-Kevin-J", "name": { "family": "Noone", "given": "Kevin J." } }, { "id": "\u00d6str\u00f6m-Elisabeth", "name": { "family": "\u00d6str\u00f6m", "given": "Elisabeth" } }, { "id": "Ferek-Ronald-J", "name": { "family": "Ferek", "given": "Ronald J." } }, { "id": "Garrett-Tim", "name": { "family": "Garrett", "given": "Tim" } }, { "id": "Hobbs-Peter-V", "name": { "family": "Hobbs", "given": "Peter V." } }, { "id": "Johnson-Doug-W", "name": { "family": "Johnson", "given": "Doug W." } }, { "id": "Taylor-Jonathan-P", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Jonathan P." } }, { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "O'Dowd-Colin-D", "name": { "family": "O'Dowd", "given": "Colin D." } }, { "id": "Smith-Michael-H", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "Michael H." } }, { "id": "Durkee-Philip-A", "name": { "family": "Durkee", "given": "Philip A." } }, { "id": "Nielsen-Kurt", "name": { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "Kurt" } }, { "id": "Hudson-James-G", "name": { "family": "Hudson", "given": "James G." } }, { "id": "Pockalny-Robert-A", "name": { "family": "Pockalny", "given": "Robert A." } }, { "id": "De-Bock-Lieve", "name": { "family": "De Bock", "given": "Lieve" } }, { "id": "Van-Grieken-Ren\u00e9-E", "name": { "family": "Van Grieken", "given": "Ren\u00e9 E." } }, { "id": "Gasparovic-Richard-F", "name": { "family": "Gasparovic", "given": "Richard F." } }, { "id": "Brooks-Ian", "name": { "family": "Brooks", "given": "Ian" } } ] }, "title": "A case study of ships forming and not forming tracks in moderately polluted clouds", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; ALBEDO; SEA; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PARTICLES; DROPLET", "note": "\u00a9 2000 American Meteorological Society. \n\nManuscript received July 11, 1996, in final form February 25, 1998. \n\nWe are indebted to the pilots, captain and crews of the UW C-131A, the MRF C-130, the NRL airship, and the R/V Glorita for their excellent work during the field campaign. Drs. Wendell Nuss and Chuck Wash at NPS provided valuable forecasting and meteorological analysis during the campaign. This project was funded by the Office of Naval Research. The support provided by Bob Bluth from ONR was indispensable, and the project would not have been a success without his efforts.\n\nPublished - NOOjas00b.pdf
", "abstract": "The effects of anthropogenic particulate emissions from ships on the radiative, microphysical, and chemical properties of moderately polluted marine stratiform clouds are examined. A case study of two ships in the same air mass is presented where one of the vessels caused a discernible ship track while the other did not. In situ measurements of cloud droplet size distributions, liquid water content, and cloud radiative properties, as well as aerosol size distributions (outside cloud, interstitial, and cloud droplet residual particles) and aerosol chemistry, are presented. These are related to measurements of cloud radiative properties. The differences between the aerosol in the two ship plumes are discussed;these indicate that combustion-derived particles in the size range of about 0.03\u20130.3-\u03bcm radius were those that caused the microphysical changes in the clouds that were responsible for the ship track. \n\nThe authors examine the processes behind ship track formation in a moderately polluted marine boundary layer as an example of the effects that anthropogenic particulate pollution can have in the albedo of marine stratiform clouds.", "date": "2000-08-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences", "volume": "57", "number": "16", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "2729-2747", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:NOOjas00b", "issn": "0022-4928", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:NOOjas00b", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2729:ACSOSF>2.0.CO;2", "primary_object": { "basename": "NOOjas00b.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c7zgx-d2y41/files/NOOjas00b.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Noone, Kevin J.; \u00d6str\u00f6m, Elisabeth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8e4wr-wz234", "eprint_id": 4453, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:29:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 17:45:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Russell-L-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Noone-K-J", "name": { "family": "Noone", "given": "Kevin J." } }, { "id": "Ferek-R-J", "name": { "family": "Ferek", "given": "Ronald J." } }, { "id": "Pockalny-R-A", "name": { "family": "Pockalny", "given": "Robert A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Combustion organic aerosol as cloud condensation nuclei in ship tracks", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "REMOTE MARINE ATMOSPHERE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; DIESEL TRUCKS; URBAN AIR; PARTICLES; EMISSIONS; AUTOMOBILES; DROPLETS; ALKANES; GROWTH", "note": "\u00a9 American Meteorological Society 2000. \n\nManuscript received 15 May 1996; in final form 7 June 1997. \n\nThis work was funded by support from the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-93-1-0872. The authors are grateful to the University of Washington Cloud and Aerosol Research Group for their assistance in collecting aerosol samples aboard the C-131A, in particular Peter Hobbs, Jack Russell, and Don Spurgeon. Support of ONR Grant N00014-92-J-1587 to the University of Washington Cloud and Aerosol Research group for aircraft operations during MAST is also acknowledged.\n\nPublished - RUSjas00.pdf
", "abstract": "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been sampled in marine stratiform clouds to identify the contribution of anthropogenic combustion emissions in activation of aerosol to cloud droplets. The Monterey Area Ship Track experiment provided an opportunity to acquire data on the role of organic compounds in ambient clouds and in ship tracks identified in satellite images. Identification of PAHs in cloud droplet residual samples indicates that several PAHs are present in cloud condensation nuclei in anthropogenically influenced air and do result in activated droplets in cloud. These results establish the presence of combustion products, such as PAHs, in submicrometer aerosols in anthropogenically influenced marine air, with enhanced concentrations in air polluted by ship effluent. The presence of PAHs in droplet residuals in anthropogenically influenced air masses indicates that some fraction of those combustion products is present in the cloud condensation nuclei that activate in cloud. Although a sufficient mass of droplet residuals was not collected to establish a similar role for organics from measurements in satellite-identified ship tracks, the available evidence from the fraction of organics present in the interstitial aerosol is consistent with part of the organic fraction partitioning to the droplet population. In addition, the probability that a compound will be found in cloud droplets rather than in the unactivated aerosol and the compound's water solubility are compared. The PAHs studied are only weakly soluble in water, but most of the sparse data collected support more soluble compounds having a higher probability of activation.", "date": "2000-08-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences", "volume": "57", "number": "16", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "2591-2606", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:RUSjas00", "issn": "0022-4928", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:RUSjas00", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-93-1-0872" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-92-J-1587" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2591:COAACC>2.0.CO;2", "primary_object": { "basename": "RUSjas00.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8e4wr-wz234/files/RUSjas00.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Russell, Lynn M.; Noone, Kevin J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/48ztw-mcx69", "eprint_id": 27958, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:11:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 17:32:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Durkee-P-A", "name": { "family": "Durkee", "given": "P. A." } }, { "id": "Noone-K-J", "name": { "family": "Noone", "given": "K. J." } }, { "id": "Ferek-R-J", "name": { "family": "Ferek", "given": "R. J." } }, { "id": "Johnson-D-W", "name": { "family": "Johnson", "given": "D. W." } }, { "id": "Taylor-J-P", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "J. P." } }, { "id": "Garrett-T-J", "name": { "family": "Garrett", "given": "T. J." } }, { "id": "Hobbs-P-V", "name": { "family": "Hobbs", "given": "P. V." } }, { "id": "Hudson-J-G", "name": { "family": "Hudson", "given": "J. G." } }, { "id": "Bretherson-C-S", "name": { "family": "Bretherson", "given": "C. S." } }, { "id": "Innis-G", "name": { "family": "Innis", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "Frick-G-M", "name": { "family": "Frick", "given": "G. M." } }, { "id": "Hoppel-W-A", "name": { "family": "Hoppel", "given": "W. A." } }, { "id": "O'Dowd-C-D", "name": { "family": "O'Dowd", "given": "C. D." } }, { "id": "Russell-L-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "L. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Gasparovic-R", "name": { "family": "Gasparovic", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Nielsen-K-E", "name": { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "K. E." } }, { "id": "Tessmer-S-A", "name": { "family": "Tessmer", "given": "S. A." } }, { "id": "\u00d6str\u00f6m-E", "name": { "family": "\u00d6str\u00f6m", "given": "E." } }, { "id": "Osborne-S-R", "name": { "family": "Osborne", "given": "S. R." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Rand-H", "name": { "family": "Rand", "given": "H." } } ] }, "title": "The Impact of Ship-Produced Aerosols on the Microstructure and Albedo of Warm Marine Stratocumulus Clouds: A Test of MAST Hypotheses 1i and 1ii", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2000 American Meteorological Society. Manuscript received 22 October 1997, in final form 12 February 1999. The MAST project and this paper specifically were supported by numerous grants to the various coauthors under the Office of Naval Research. \nAccelerated Research Initiative entitled Surface Ship\nCloud Effects.\n\nPublished - DURjas00.pdf
", "abstract": "Anomalously high reflectivity tracks in stratus and stratocumulus sheets associated with ships (known as ship tracks) are commonly seen in visible and near-infrared satellite imagery. Until now there have been only a limited number of in situ measurements made in ship tracks. The Monterey Area Ship Track (MAST) experiment, which was conducted off the coast of California in June 1994, provided a substantial dataset on ship emissions and their effects on boundary layer clouds. Several platforms, including the University of Washington C-131A aircraft, the Meteorological Research Flight C-130 aircraft, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ER-2 aircraft, the Naval Research Laboratory airship, the Research Vessel Glorita, and dedicated U.S. Navy ships, participated in MAST in order to study processes governing the formation and maintenance of ship tracks.\nThis paper tests the hypotheses that the cloud microphysical changes that produce ship tracks are due to (a) particulate emission from the ship's stack and/or (b) sea-salt particles from the ship's wake. It was found that ships powered by diesel propulsion units that emitted high concentrations of aerosols in the accumulation mode produced ship tracks. Ships that produced few particles (such as nuclear ships), or ships that produced high concentrations of particles but at sizes too small to be activated as cloud drops in typical stratocumulus (such as gas turbine and some steam-powered ships), did not produce ship tracks. Statistics and case studies, combined with model simulations, show that provided a cloud layer is susceptible to an aerosol perturbation, and the atmospheric stability enables aerosol to be mixed throughout the boundary layer, the direct emissions of cloud condensation nuclei from the stack of a diesel-powered ship is the most likely, if not the only, cause of the formation of ship tracks. There was no evidence that salt particles from ship wakes cause ship tracks.", "date": "2000-08-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences", "volume": "57", "number": "16", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "2554-2569", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20111128-081450625", "issn": "0022-4928", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111128-081450625", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2554:TIOSPA>2.0.CO;2", "primary_object": { "basename": "DURjas00.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/48ztw-mcx69/files/DURjas00.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Durkee, P. A.; Noone, K. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g7ypv-xk473", "eprint_id": 4379, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:24:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 17:44:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chuang-Patrick-Y", "name": { "family": "Chuang", "given": "Patrick Y." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2290-8346" }, { "id": "Nenes-Athanasios", "name": { "family": "Nenes", "given": "Athanasios" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3873-9970" }, { "id": "Smith-James-N", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "James N." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4677-8224" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Design of a CCN instrument for airborne measurement", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "CLOUD; AEROSOL; SPECTROMETER; COUNTER; CHAMBER", "note": "\u00a9 2000 by American Meteorological Society. \n\nManuscript received April 1, 1999; in final form October 3, 1999. \n\nThis work was supported by Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-0119 and National Science Foundation Grant ATM-9614105.\n\nPublished - CHUjaot00.pdf
", "abstract": "A new instrument for measuring cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) on board small aircraft is described. Small aircraft are attractive mainly because they are less costly, but they require instruments that are designed for minimum weight, volume, and power consumption; that are robust; and that are capable of autonomous operation and making measurements at a frequency appropriate for aircraft speeds. The instrument design combines the streamwise gradient technique previously reported by J. G. Hudson, and the alternating gradient condensation nuclei counter described by W. A. Hoppel et al. Field and laboratory measurements, and modeling studies show that this combination exhibits poor sensitivity for the measurement of CCN spectra; for the climatically important range of critical supersaturations, 0.03%\u20131%, the measured variable, droplet diameter, varies only by 30%. The ability to resolve CCN spectra using this method is therefore in question. Studies of this instrument in a fixed supersaturation mode show that it can measure CCN at a single supersaturation in the range of 0.1%\u20132%. Calibration and testing of the instrument in this mode is described. The instrument is capable of making accurate, high-frequency (>0.1 Hz) measurements of CCN at a fixed supersaturation, while satisfying the constraints for small aircraft.", "date": "2000-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology", "volume": "17", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "1005-1019", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:CHUjaot00", "issn": "0739-0572", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CHUjaot00", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-91-0119" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9614105" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<1005:DOACIF>2.0.CO;2", "primary_object": { "basename": "CHUjaot00.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g7ypv-xk473/files/CHUjaot00.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Chuang, Patrick Y.; Nenes, Athanasios; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0ce2m-vzd21", "eprint_id": 2078, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:24:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:11:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Phares-D-J", "name": { "family": "Phares", "given": "Denis J." } }, { "id": "Smedley-G-T", "name": { "family": "Smedley", "given": "Gregory T." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The inviscid impingement of a jet with arbitrary velocity profile", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "jets; heat transfer; mass transfer; boundary layers; nozzles; vortices", "note": "\u00a9 2000 American Institute of Physics \n\n(Received 24 February 1999; accepted 3 May 2000) \n\nThis work was supported by the Federal Aviation Administration under Grant No. FAA-93-G-060.\n\nPublished - PHApof00.pdf
", "abstract": "Accurate determination of wall shear stress and heat and mass transfer rates under an impinging jet requires careful analysis of the boundary layer at the impingement surface due to the large pressure gradients near the stagnation point. Modeling the inviscid flow just outside the boundary layer provides the boundary conditions necessary for such an analysis. Previous inviscid models have considered only a small subset of possible jet velocity profiles and with limited spatial resolution. In the present work, analytical solutions to the stream-vorticity equation for two-dimensional and axisymmetric impingement flow with arbitrary velocity profile are found in terms of a surface integral involving the vorticity function, allowing an iterative determination of the stream function throughout the impingement region. Surface pressure distributions and streamline plots are calculated for various impinging jet configurations, including plane, round, and annular jet nozzles. The calculations show excellent agreement with previous experimental and numerical results, while requiring relatively short computation times. Flow predictions are also made for impinging jet configurations for which no previous data or calculations exist.", "date": "2000-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physics of Fluids", "volume": "12", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "2046-2055", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:PHApof00", "issn": "1070-6631", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PHApof00", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)", "grant_number": "93-G-060" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.870450", "primary_object": { "basename": "PHApof00.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0ce2m-vzd21/files/PHApof00.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Phares, Denis J.; Smedley, Gregory T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y20jd-5a662", "eprint_id": 119447, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:23:04", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:05:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Collins-Donald-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "D. R." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Liao-H", "name": { "family": "Liao", "given": "H." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Noone-Kevin-J", "name": { "family": "Noone", "given": "K. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7095-7412" }, { "id": "Hering-Susanne-V", "name": { "family": "Hering", "given": "S. V." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6536-310X" } ] }, "title": "Airborne analysis of the Los Angeles aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atmospheric Science; General Environmental Science", "note": "The authors gratefully acknowledge Prakash Bhave and Glen Cass for providing back trajectories used in this analysis. We also thank Yanzeng Zhao for assistance related to the El Monte lidar measurements. This work was supported by the California Air Resources Board.", "abstract": "As part of the Southern California ozone study (SCOS), a research aircraft was employed during August and September of 1997 to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the aerosol present over the Los Angeles Basin. Aerosol size distributions measured using a differential mobility analyzer and two optical particle counters were combined with filter-based composition measurements to derive a physicochemical description of the aerosol sampled. The accuracy of this description was evaluated through comparison of derived and directly measured aerosol properties including mass, absorption coefficient, hemispherical backscattering coefficient, and total scattering coefficient at two different relative humidities. The sampled aerosol exhibited a complex vertical structure possessing multiple elevated aerosol layers. The most pronounced of these layers were observed to form by injection of aerosol above the ground-level mixed layer along the southern edge of the San Gabriel Mountains, which form the northern boundary of much of the Los Angeles Basin. Over multiple inland areas, additional layers were observed at about 2500 m above sea level (asl), while off the coast of Santa Monica, thin but concentrated layers were detected about 500 m asl. In addition to the sharp vertical gradients in aerosol concentration observed, horizontal gradients at multiple locations were found to be sufficient to result in more than 50% variability within a 5\u00d75 km computational grid cell commonly used in atmospheric models. Vertically resolved aerosol measurements made over one location during several flights, as well as over several locations during a morning and afternoon flight on the same day, were used to investigate the temporally and spatially resolved impact the aerosol had on gas-phase photolysis rates. These calculations predict that for a 10\u00b0 zenith angle the sampled aerosol enhanced photolysis rates by up to about 5%, although a slight decrease was often observed near ground level.", "date": "2000-07-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment", "volume": "34", "number": "24", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "4155-4173", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-963039800.1", "issn": "1352-2310", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-963039800.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "California Air Resources Board" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00225-9", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Collins, D. R.; Jonsson, H. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mpwws-y2653", "eprint_id": 120590, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:21:03", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:05:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Phares-Denis-J", "name": { "family": "Phares", "given": "Denis J." } }, { "id": "Holt-Jason-K", "name": { "family": "Holt", "given": "Jason K." } }, { "id": "Smedley-Gregory-T", "name": { "family": "Smedley", "given": "Gregory T." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Method for Characterization of Adhesion Properties of Trace Explosives in Fingerprints and Fingerprint Simulations", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Genetics; Pathology and Forensic Medicine", "note": "\u00a9 2000 ASTM. \n\nThe authors thank Ron Jackson and Lucy May of Barringer Canada for their assistance on interfacing to and calibrating the IonScan 400; and Tom Chamberlain of the FAA Technical Center for developing the dry transfer deposition technique.", "abstract": "The near inevitable transfer of explosive particulate matter through fingerprints makes it possible to detect concealed explosives through surface sampling. Repeatable and well-characterized fingerprint simulation facilitates quantitative comparison between particulate sampling methods for subsequent detection of trace explosive residues. This study employs a simple, but reproducible sampling system to determine the accuracy of a fingerprint simulation. The sampling system uses a gas jet to entrain particles from a substrate and the resulting airborne particles are then aspirated onto a Teflon filter. A calibrated Barringer IonScan 400 ion mobility spectrometer was used to determine the mass of explosive material collected on the filter. The IonScan 400 was calibrated with known masses of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The resulting calibration curve is in good agreement with that obtained by Garofolo et al. (1994) (1) for an earlier model of the instrument. The collection efficiency of the sampling system was measured for three particle sizes (8.0, 10.0, and 13.0 \u03bcm) using spherical polystyrene particles laced with known quantities of TNT. Collection efficiency ranged from less than 1% for the larger particles to 5% for the smaller particles. Particle entrainment from the surface was monitored with dark field imaging of the remaining particles. The sampling system was then applied to two C4 test samples\u2014a fingerprint transfer and a dry Teflon transfer. Over 100 ng of RDX was collected from the dry transfer sample, while less than 1 ng was collected from the fingerprint transfer. Possible explanations for this large difference are presented based on the system calibration.", "date": "2000-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Forensic Sciences", "volume": "45", "number": "4", "publisher": "ASTM International", "pagerange": "Art. No. 14770J", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-429455000.2", "issn": "0022-1198", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230329-429455000.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1520/jfs14770j", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Phares, Denis J.; Holt, Jason K.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5y42w-xgm65", "eprint_id": 119445, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:03:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:40:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chuang-Patrick-Y", "name": { "family": "Chuang", "given": "P. Y." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2290-8346" }, { "id": "Collins-Donald-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "D. R." } }, { "id": "Pawlowska-H", "name": { "family": "Pawlowska", "given": "H." } }, { "id": "Snider-J-R", "name": { "family": "Snider", "given": "J. R." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-Haflidi-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Brenguier-J-L", "name": { "family": "Brenguier", "given": "J. L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "CCN measurements during ACE-2 and their relationship to cloud microphysical properties", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atmospheric Science", "note": "This research is a contribution to the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Core Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and is part of the IGAC Aerosol Characterization experiments (ACE). Primary funding for this work Has been provided by the National Science Foundation Grant ATM-9614105, and by the Office of Naval research Grant N00014-91-0119. The authors would also like to thank Athanasios Nenes for providing the adiabatic parcel model calculations, and Bob Charlson and Tad Anderson their insightful comments and suggestions.", "abstract": "Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration at 0.1% supersaturation were made onboard the CIRPAS Pelican over the northeast Atlantic during June and July, 1997, in the vicinity of Tenerife, Spain, as part of the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2). The average CCN concentration (N_(ccn)) in the marine boundary layer for clean air masses was 27\u00b18 and 42\u00b114 cm\u207b\u00b3 for cloudy and clear conditions, respectively, consistent with measurements made near the British Isles and close to Tasmania, Australia, during ACE-1 for similar conditions. A local CCN closure experiment was conducted. Measured N_(ccn) is compared with predictions based on aerosol number size distributions and size-resolved chemical composition profiles determined from measurements and the literature. A sublinear relationship between measured and predicted N_(ccn), N_(ccn)\u223cN^(0.51)_(ccn,predicted), was found. This result is consistent with some previous studies, but others have obtained results much closer to the expected 1 : 1 relationship between measured and predicted N_(ccn). A large variability between measured and predicted N_(ccn) was also observed, leading to the conclusion that, for 95% of the data, the predictions agree with measurements to within a factor of 11. Relationships between below-cloud N_(ccn) and aerosol accumulation mode concentration, and in-cloud cloud droplet number concentration, measured onboard the Pelican and the M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France Merlin-IV, respectively, are calculated for periods while the 2 aircraft were in close proximity at approximately the same time. Measured relationships are reproduced by an adiabatic parcel model, and are also consistent with some previous studies. However, the shape of the CCN spectrum, or the aerosol size distribution, and the updraft velocity are predicted by the model to affect these relationships to a significant extent. Therefore, parameterizations of cloud microphysical properties need to include these variables to accurately predict cloud droplet number concentration. A relationship between N_(ccn) and cloud droplet effective diameter is also calculated and shown to be consistent both with the literature and with the parameterization of effective diameter proposed by Martin et al.", "date": "2000-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Tellus B", "volume": "52", "number": "2", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "843-867", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-326436600.2", "issn": "0280-6509", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230221-326436600.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9614105" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-91-0119" } ] }, "doi": "10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00018.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Chuang, P. Y.; Collins, D. R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vnzyn-e0m78", "eprint_id": 59294, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:35:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:17:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Schmid-B", "name": { "family": "Schmid", "given": "Beat" } }, { "id": "Livingston-J-M", "name": { "family": "Livingston", "given": "John M." } }, { "id": "Russell-P-B", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Philip B." } }, { "id": "Durkee-P-A", "name": { "family": "Durkee", "given": "Philip A." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "Haflidi H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Collins-D-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "Donald R." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Gass\u00f3-S", "name": { "family": "Gass\u00f3", "given": "Santiago" } }, { "id": "Hegg-D-A", "name": { "family": "Hegg", "given": "Dean A." } }, { "id": "\u00d6str\u00f6m-E", "name": { "family": "\u00d6str\u00f6m", "given": "Elisabeth" } }, { "id": "Noone-K-J", "name": { "family": "Noone", "given": "Kevin J." } }, { "id": "Welton-E-J", "name": { "family": "Welton", "given": "Ellsworth J." } }, { "id": "Voss-K-J", "name": { "family": "Voss", "given": "Kenneth J." } }, { "id": "Gordon-H-R", "name": { "family": "Gordon", "given": "Howard R." } }, { "id": "Formenti-P", "name": { "family": "Formenti", "given": "Paola" } }, { "id": "Andreae-M-O", "name": { "family": "Andreae", "given": "Meinrat O." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1968-7925" } ] }, "title": "Clear-sky closure studies of lower tropospheric aerosol and water vapor during ACE-2 using airborne sunphotometer, airborne in-situ, space-borne, and ground-based measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) License. \n\n(Manuscript received 28 December 1998; in final form 4 October 1999) \n\nThis research was conducted as part of the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2), which is a contribution to the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). Financial support for the measurements and analyses was provided by the US National Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Max Planck Society, and the European Commission DG XII (Environment and Climate). Acknowledgment is given to the AERONET program for making available CIMEL sunphotometer aerosol optical depth measurements and to the Ozone Processing Team at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for making available TOMS EP data. We also thank Q. Wang at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA, for providing us with differentially corrected Global Positioning System data for the ACE-2 Pelican flights.\n\nPublished - 160-Schmid-2000.pdf
", "abstract": "We report on clear-sky column closure experiments (CLEARCOLUMN) performed in the Canary Islands during the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) in June/July 1997. We present CLEARCOLUMN results obtained by combining airborne sunphotometer and in-situ (optical particle counter, nephelometer, and absorption photometer) measurements taken aboard the Pelican aircraft, space-borne NOAA/AVHRR data and ground-based lidar and sunphotometer measurements. During both days discussed here, vertical profiles flown in cloud-free air masses revealed 3 distinctly different layers: a marine boundary layer (MBL) with varying pollution levels, an elevated dust layer, and a very clean layer between the MBL and the dust layer. A key result of this study is the achievement of closure between extinction or layer aerosol optical depth (AOD) computed from continuous in-situ aerosol size-distributions and composition and those measured with the airborne sunphotometer. In the dust, the agreement in layer AOD (\u03bb=380\u20131060 nm) is 3\u20138%. In the MBL there is a tendency for the in-situ results to be slightly lower than the sunphotometer measurements (10\u201317% at \u03bb=525 nm), but these differences are within the combined error bars of the measurements and computations.", "date": "2000-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Tellus B", "volume": "52", "number": "2", "publisher": "Co-Action Publishing", "pagerange": "568-593", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-170820449", "issn": "0280-6509", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-170820449", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" }, { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "European Commission DG XII" } ] }, "doi": "10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00009.x", "primary_object": { "basename": "160-Schmid-2000.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vnzyn-e0m78/files/160-Schmid-2000.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Schmid, Beat; Livingston, John M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a3sdh-swc11", "eprint_id": 59293, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:35:04", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:17:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Collins-D-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "D. R." } }, { "id": "Jonsson-H-H", "name": { "family": "Jonsson", "given": "H. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3043-1074" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gass\u00f3-S", "name": { "family": "Gass\u00f3", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Hegg-D-A", "name": { "family": "Hegg", "given": "D. A." } }, { "id": "Russell-P-B", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "P. B." } }, { "id": "Schmid-B", "name": { "family": "Schmid", "given": "B." } }, { "id": "Livingston-J-M", "name": { "family": "Livingston", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "\u00d6str\u00f6m-E", "name": { "family": "\u00d6str\u00f6m", "given": "E." } }, { "id": "Noone-K-J", "name": { "family": "Noone", "given": "K. J." } }, { "id": "Russell-L-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "L. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Putaud-J-P", "name": { "family": "Putaud", "given": "J. P." } } ] }, "title": "In situ aerosol-size distributions and clear-column radiative closure during ACE-2", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "This journal is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) License. \n\nThis is a contribution to the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and is part of the IGAC Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACE). Primary funding for this work has been provided by the National Science Foundation Grant ATM-9614105, and by the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-0119. Additional funding has been provided by the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-97-1-0132, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the European Commission DG XII.\n\nPublished - 159-Collins-2000.pdf
", "abstract": "As part of the second Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) during June and July of 1997, aerosol-size distributions were measured on board the CIRPAS Pelican aircraft through the use of a DMA and 2 OPCs. During the campaign, the boundary-layer aerosol typically possessed characteristics representative of a background marine aerosol or a continentally influenced aerosol, while the free-tropospheric aerosol was characterized by the presence or absence of a Saharan dust layer. A range of radiative closure comparisons were made using the data obtained during vertical profiles flown on 4 missions. Of particular interest here are the comparisons made between the optical properties as determined through the use of measured aerosol-size distributions and those measured directly by an airborne 14-wavelength sunphotometer and 3 nephelometers. Variations in the relative humidity associated with each of the direct measurements required consideration of the hygroscopic properties of the aerosol for size-distribution-based calculations. Simultaneous comparison with such a wide range of directly-measured optical parameters not only offers evidence of the validity of the physicochemical description of the aerosol when closure is achieved, but also provides insight into potential sources of error when some or all of the comparisons result in disagreement. Agreement between the derived and directly-measured optical properties varied for different measurements and for different cases. Averaged over the 4 case studies, the derived extinction coefficient at 525 nm exceeded that measured by the sunphotometer by 2.5% in the clean boundary layer, but underestimated measurements by 13% during pollution events. For measurements within the free troposphere, the mean derived extinction coefficient was 3.3% and 17% less than that measured by the sunphotometer during dusty and non-dusty conditions, respectively. Likewise, averaged discrepancies between the derived and measured scattering coefficient were \u22129.6%, +4.7%, +17%, and \u221241% for measurements within the clean boundary layer, polluted boundary layer, free troposphere with a dust layer, and free troposphere without a dust layer, respectively. Each of these quantities, as well as the majority of the >100 individual comparisons from which they were averaged, were within estimated uncertainties.", "date": "2000-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Tellus B", "volume": "52", "number": "2", "publisher": "Co-Action Publishing", "pagerange": "498-525", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-170600160", "issn": "0280-6509", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-170600160", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9614105" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-91-0119" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-97-1-0132" }, { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" }, { "agency": "European Commission DG XII" } ] }, "doi": "10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00008.x", "primary_object": { "basename": "159-Collins-2000.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/a3sdh-swc11/files/159-Collins-2000.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Collins, D. R.; Jonsson, H. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3q89k-z5411", "eprint_id": 119448, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:03:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:40:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Durkee-Philip-A", "name": { "family": "Durkee", "given": "P. A." } }, { "id": "Nielsen-K-E", "name": { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "K. E." } }, { "id": "Smith-Peter-J", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "P. J." } }, { "id": "Russell-Philip-B", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "P. B." } }, { "id": "Schmid-Beat", "name": { "family": "Schmid", "given": "B." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4705-8715" }, { "id": "Livingston-John-M", "name": { "family": "Livingston", "given": "J. M." } }, { "id": "Holben-Brent-N", "name": { "family": "Holben", "given": "B. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1251-9809" }, { "id": "Tomasi-Claudio", "name": { "family": "Tomasi", "given": "C." } }, { "id": "Vitale-Vito", "name": { "family": "Vitale", "given": "V." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0978-8976" }, { "id": "Collins-Donald-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Noone-Kevin-J", "name": { "family": "Noone", "given": "K. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7095-7412" }, { "id": "\u00d6str\u00f6m-Elisabeth", "name": { "family": "\u00d6str\u00f6m", "given": "E." } }, { "id": "Gass\u00f3-Santiago", "name": { "family": "Gass\u00f3", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Hegg-Dean-A", "name": { "family": "Hegg", "given": "D. A." } }, { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "L. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Bates-Timothy-S", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "T. S." } }, { "id": "Quinn-Patricia-K", "name": { "family": "Quinn", "given": "P. K." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0337-4895" } ] }, "title": "Regional aerosol optical depth characteristics from satellite observations: ACE-1, TARFOX and ACE-2 results", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Atmospheric Science", "note": "This study was funded by grants from Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation, and the European Commission. Francisco J. Exposito and Juan P. Diaz of Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands graciously provided additional AVHRR files from their archive to supplement the ACE-2 data set. This research is a contribution to the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Core project of the International Geosphere\u2013Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and is part of the IGAC Aerosol Characterization Experiments (ACE).", "abstract": "Analysis of the aerosol properties during 3 recent international field campaigns (ACE-1, TARFOX and ACE-2) are described using satellite retrievals from NOAA AVHRR data. Validation of the satellite retrieval procedure is performed with airborne, shipboard, and land-based sunphotometry during ACE-2. The intercomparison between satellite and surface optical depths has a correlation coefficient of 0.93 for 630 nm wavelength and 0.92 for 860 nm wavelength. The standard error of estimate is 0.025 for 630 nm wavelength and 0.023 for 860 nm wavelength. Regional aerosol properties are examined in composite analysis of aerosol optical properties from the ACE-1, TARFOX and ACE-2 regions. ACE-1 and ACE-2 regions have strong modes in the distribution of optical depth around 0.1, but the ACE-2 tails toward higher values yielding an average of 0.16 consistent with pollution and dust aerosol intrusions. The TARFOX region has a noticeable mode of 0.2, but has significant spread of aerosol optical depth values consistent with the varied continental aerosol constituents off the eastern North American Coast.", "date": "2000-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Tellus B", "volume": "52", "number": "2", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "484-497", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-160865500.2", "issn": "0280-6509", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-160865500.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "European Commission" } ] }, "doi": "10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00040.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Durkee, P. A.; Nielsen, K. E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v4w5d-x0s92", "eprint_id": 119449, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:03:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:40:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Livingston-John-M", "name": { "family": "Livingston", "given": "John M." } }, { "id": "Kapustin-Vladimir-N", "name": { "family": "Kapustin", "given": "Vladimir N." } }, { "id": "Schmid-Beat", "name": { "family": "Schmid", "given": "Beat" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4705-8715" }, { "id": "Russell-Philip-B", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Philip B." } }, { "id": "Quinn-Patricia-K", "name": { "family": "Quinn", "given": "Patricia K." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0337-4895" }, { "id": "Bates-Timothy-S", "name": { "family": "Bates", "given": "Timothy S." } }, { "id": "Durkee-Philip-A", "name": { "family": "Durkee", "given": "Philip A." } }, { "id": "Smith-Peter-J", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "Peter J." } }, { "id": "Freudenthaler-Volker", "name": { "family": "Freudenthaler", "given": "Volker" } }, { "id": "Wiegner-Matthias", "name": { "family": "Wiegner", "given": "Matthias" } }, { "id": "Covert-Dave-S", "name": { "family": "Covert", "given": "Dave S." } }, { "id": "Gass\u00f3-Santiago", "name": { "family": "Gass\u00f3", "given": "Santiago" } }, { "id": "Hegg-Dean", "name": { "family": "Hegg", "given": "Dean" } }, { "id": "Collins-Donald-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "Donald R." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Vitale-Vito", "name": { "family": "Vitale", "given": "Vito" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0978-8976" }, { "id": "Tomasi-Claudio", "name": { "family": "Tomasi", "given": "Claudio" } } ] }, "title": "Shipboard sunphotometer measurements of aerosol optical depth spectra and columnar water vapor during ACE-2, and comparison with selected land, ship, aircraft, and satellite measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Atmospheric Science", "note": "This research was conducted as part of the 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2), which is a contribution to the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). Financial support for the measurements and analyses was provided by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Naval Research, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the European Commission DG XII (Environment and Climate). We thank the Ozone Processing Team at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for making available TOMS Earth Probe ozone data.", "abstract": "Analyses of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and columnar water vapor (CWV) measurements acquired with NASA Ames Research Center's 6-channel Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-6) operated aboard the R/V Professor Vodyanitskiy during the 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) are discussed. Data are compared with various in situ and remote measurements for selected cases. The focus is on 10 July, when the Pelican airplane flew within 70 km of the ship near the time of a NOAA-14/AVHRR satellite overpass and AOD measurements with the 14\u2013channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) above the marine boundary layer (MBL) permitted calculation of AOD within the MBL from the AATS-6 measurements. A detailed column closure test is performed for MBL AOD on 10 July by comparing the AATS-6 MBL AODs with corresponding values calculated by combining shipboard particle size distribution measurements with models of hygroscopic growth and radiosonde humidity profiles (plus assumptions on the vertical profile of the dry particle size distribution and composition). Large differences (30\u201380% in the mid-visible) between measured and reconstructed AODs are obtained, in large part because of the high sensitivity of the closure methodology to hygroscopic growth models, which vary considerably and have not been validated over the necessary range of particle size/composition distributions. The wavelength dependence of AATS-6 AODs is compared with the corresponding dependence of aerosol extinction calculated from shipboard measurements of aerosol size distribution and of total scattering measured by a shipboard integrating nephelometer for several days. Results are highly variable, illustrating further the great difficulty of deriving column values from point measurements. AATS-6 CWV values are shown to agree well with corresponding values derived from radiosonde measurements during 8 soundings on 7 days and also with values calculated from measurements taken on 10 July with the AATS-14 and the University of Washington Passive Humidigraph aboard the Pelican.", "date": "2000-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Tellus B", "volume": "52", "number": "2", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "594-619", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-160865500.3", "issn": "0280-6509", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-160865500.3", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" }, { "agency": "NASA" }, { "agency": "European Commission" } ] }, "doi": "10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00045.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "Livingston, John M.; Kapustin, Vladimir N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mjryb-z7v92", "eprint_id": 119452, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 14:15:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:40:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Ferek-Ronald-J", "name": { "family": "Ferek", "given": "Ronald J." } }, { "id": "Hegg-Dean-A", "name": { "family": "Hegg", "given": "Dean A." } }, { "id": "Hobbs-Peter-V", "name": { "family": "Hobbs", "given": "Peter V." } }, { "id": "Wobrock-Wolfram", "name": { "family": "Wobrock", "given": "Wolfram" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4681-5171" }, { "id": "Flossmann-Andrea-I", "name": { "family": "Flossmann", "given": "Andrea I." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4484-6425" }, { "id": "O'Dowd-Colin-D", "name": { "family": "O'Dowd", "given": "Colin D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3068-2212" }, { "id": "Nielsen-Kurt-E", "name": { "family": "Nielsen", "given": "Kurt E." } }, { "id": "Durkee-Phillip-A", "name": { "family": "Durkee", "given": "Phillip A." } } ] }, "title": "Aerosol dynamics in ship tracks", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Paleontology; Space and Planetary Science; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Atmospheric Science; Earth-Surface Processes; Geochemistry and Petrology; Soil Science; Water Science and Technology; Ecology; Aquatic Science; Forestry; Oceanography; Geophysics", "note": "This analysis was supported by NSF grant ATM-9732949 and ONR grant N00014-97-1-0673. The aerosol measurements on which this work was based were supported by ONR grant N00014-93-1-0872. Measurements by several coauthors on this work were supported under the ONR Accelerated Research Initiative entitled Surface Ship Cloud Effects. This work would not have been possible without the cooperation and support of the crew of the University of Washington C-131A aircraft and of the RAF crew of the MRF C-130 aircraft. The authors express their gratitude to all members of the MAST Science Team. In addition, the authors appreciate the comments of Doug Johnson, Bjorn Stevens, and two anonymous reviewers who provided helpful suggestions that have improved this work.", "abstract": "Ship tracks are a natural laboratory to isolate the effect of anthropogenic aerosol emissions on cloud properties. The Monterey Area Ship Tracks (MAST) experiment in the Pacific Ocean west of Monterey, California, in June 1994, provides an unprecedented data set for evaluating our understanding of the formation and persistence of the anomalous cloud features that characterize ship tracks. The data set includes conditions in which the marine boundary layer is both clean and continentally influenced. Two case studies during the MAST experiment are examined with a detailed aerosol microphysical model that considers an external mixture of independent particle populations. The model allows tracking individual particles through condensational and coagulational growth to identify the source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). In addition, a cloud microphysics model was employed to study specific effects of precipitation. Predictions and observations reveal important differences between clean (particle concentrations below 150 cm\u207b\u00b3) and continentally influenced (particle concentrations above 400 cm\u207b\u00b3) background conditions: in the continentally influenced conditions there is a smaller change in the cloud effective radius, drop number and liquid water content in the ship track relative to the background than in the clean marine case. Predictions of changes in cloud droplet number concentrations and effective radii are consistent with observations although there is significant uncertainty in the absolute concentrations due to a lack of measurements of the plume dilution. Gas-to-particle conversion of sulfur species produced by the combustion of ship fuel is predicted to be important in supplying soluble aerosol mass to combustion-generated particles, so as to render them available as CCN. Studies of the impact of these changes on the cloud's potential to precipitate concluded that more complex dynamical processes must be represented to allow sufficiently long drop activations for drizzle droplets to form.", "date": "1999-12-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "104", "number": "D24", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "31077-31095", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-175085400.3", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-175085400.3", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9732949" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-97-1-0673" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-93-1-0872" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/1999jd900985", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Russell, Lynn M.; Seinfeld, John H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jtahn-mn734", "eprint_id": 59289, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 14:03:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:17:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yu-Jianzhen", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Jianzhen" } }, { "id": "Cocker-David-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Griffin-Robert-J", "name": { "family": "Griffin", "given": "Robert J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7682-8769" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Gas-phase Ozone Oxidation of Monoterpenes: Gaseous and Particulate Products", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "monoterpenes; aerosols; organic aerosols", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Springer. \n\n(Received: 24 November 1998; accepted: 27 January 1999) \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Center on Airborne Organics, the Coordinating Research Council, the Chevron Corporation, and the National Science Foundation (ATM-9614105). Special thanks go to Nathan Whitlock for helping collect samples", "abstract": "Atmospheric oxidation of monoterpenes contributes to formation of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol, but their products are poorly characterized. In this work, we report a series of outdoor smog chamber experiments to investigate both gaseous and particulate products in the ozone oxidation of four monoterpenes: \u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, \u0394^3-carene, and sabinene. More than ten oxygenated products are detected and identified in each monoterpene/O_3 reaction by coupling derivatization techniques and GC/MS detection. A denuder/filter pack sampling system is used to separate and simultaneously collect gas and aerosol samples. The identified products, consisting of compounds containing carbonyl, hydroxyl, and carboxyl functional groups, are estimated to account for about 34\u201350%, 57%, 29\u201367%, and 24% of the reacted carbon mass for \u03b2-pinene, sabinene, \u03b1-pinene, and \u0394^3-carene, respectively. The identified individual products account for >83%, \u223c100%, >90%, and 61% of the aerosol mass produced in the ozone reaction of \u03b2-pinene, sabinene, \u03b1-pinene, and \u0394^3-carene. The uncertainty in the yield data is estimated to be \u223c \u00b150%. Many of the products partition between gas and aerosol phases, and their gas-aerosol partitioning coefficients are determined and reported here. Reaction schemes are suggested to account for the products observed.", "date": "1999-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry", "volume": "34", "number": "2", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "207-258", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165631636", "issn": "0167-7764", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165631636", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9614105" } ] }, "doi": "10.1023/A:1006254930583", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Yu, Jianzhen; Cocker, David R., III; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vxepk-qtg31", "eprint_id": 59288, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:24:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:17:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "On Differential Mobility Analyzer Resolution", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1999 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived October 14, 1998; accepted December 31, 1998. \n\nThe work has been supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number ATM-93-9307603. The author wishes to thank the referees for many helpful suggestions.", "abstract": "The resolution of the differential mobility analyzer (DMA) is conveniently described as the ratio of the mobility at the peak of the column transfer function to the full width of the transfer function at 1/2 of its maximum value. The best resolution that can be achieved is that for nondiffusive particles, -_(nd) = \u03b2^(-1), where \u03b2 is the flow rate ratio, \u03b2 = (Q_a + Q_s)/(Q_(sh) + Q_e) . Brownian diffusion causes particles to deviate from the ideal electrophoretic migration trajectories, thereby reducing the resolution. The relative importance of electrophoretic migration to diffusion can be expressed as a function of the migration Pecl\u00e9t number, which can be expressed either in terms of mobilities, dimensions, and flow rates or as Pe_(m ig) = (qV/kT)f , where q is the charge on the particle, V is the applied voltage, and f is a geometry factor that accounts for nonuniformities in the electric field along the migration pathway. Expressed in this way, the performance of DMAs with different geometries, operating at different flow rates, are, in the absence of distortions in the flows and electric fields, shown to be nearly indistinguishable. Diffusion is shown to dominate at operating voltages below a critical value that is proportional to the square of the limiting resolution. Since the voltage range for DMA measurements is limited, the dynamic range decreases with increasing -_(nd) . Because of the changing size dependence of the mobility, this limitation is more pronounced for free-molecular aerosols than for larger particles.", "date": "1999-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "30", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "556-570", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165502283", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165502283", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-93-9307603" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/027868299304417", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k5s34-bq335", "eprint_id": 51026, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:15:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 15:58:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yu-Jianzhen", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Jianzhen" } }, { "id": "Griffin-Robert-J", "name": { "family": "Griffin", "given": "Robert J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7682-8769" }, { "id": "Cocker-David-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Blanchard-Pierrette", "name": { "family": "Blanchard", "given": "Pierrette" } } ] }, "title": "Observation of gaseous and particulate products of monoterpene oxidation in forest atmospheres", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1999 by the American Geophysical Union. \n\n(Received December 21, 1998; revised February 19, 1999; accepted February 26, 1999.) \n\nPaper number 1999GL900169. \n\nThis work was supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grant ATM-9614105. We would like to thank J.F. Hopper for leading the Kejimkujik organic aerosol project, A. Pinette and A. J. Gallant for their technical assistance, and J. W. Bottenheim, T. A. Biesenthal, and W. R. Leaitch for data and helpful discussions.\n\nPublished - grl12978.pdf
", "abstract": "Atmospheric oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, such as monoterpenes, is estimated to be a significant source of global aerosol. Whereas laboratory studies have established that photochemical oxidation of monoterpenes leads to aerosol formation, there are limited field studies detecting such oxidation products in ambient aerosols. Drawing on prior results of monoterpene product analysis under controlled smog chamber conditions, we have identified organic aerosol components attributable to monoterpene oxidation in two forest atmospheres, Kejimkujik National Park, Nova Scotia, Canada, and Big Bear, San Bernardino National Forest, California, U.S.A. The major identified aerosol products derived from \u03b1-pinene and \u03b2-pinene oxidation include pinic acid, pinonic acid, norpinonic acid and its isomers, hydroxy pinonaldehydes, and pinonaldehyde, concentrations of which in the aerosol phase are in the sub ng m^(\u22123) range. Identification of oxidation products in atmospheric aerosol samples serves as direct evidence for aerosol formation from monoterpenes under ambient conditions.", "date": "1999-04-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Geophysical Research Letters", "volume": "26", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "1145-1148", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141029-142350840", "issn": "0094-8276", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141029-142350840", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9614105" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/1999GL900169", "primary_object": { "basename": "grl12978.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k5s34-bq335/files/grl12978.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Yu, Jianzhen; Griffin, Robert J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nq545-v8e57", "eprint_id": 59286, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:05:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:16:48", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Smedley-Gregory-T", "name": { "family": "Smedley", "given": "G. T." } }, { "id": "Phares-Denis-J", "name": { "family": "Phares", "given": "D. J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Entrainment of fine particles from surfaces by gas jets impinging at normal incidence", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Springer. \n\nReceived: 30 June 1997/Accepted: 24 June 1998. \n\nSupport for this work is provided by the FAA under Grant 93-G-060. G. Smedley acknowledges productive discussions with Prof. K. Smedley of the University of California, Irvine.", "abstract": "This paper describes an experimental study of the removal of fine (8.3\u2005\u03bcm) polystyrene particles from a glass substrate using a gas jet at normal impingement. In order to avoid transient effects associated with jet startup, the sample was slowly translated under a steady jet. The translating gas jet produces a long clean path that provides very good statistics for exploring the effect of jet parameters. The dependence of the spatial distribution of removal efficiency on the jet pressure ratio, the jet height, and the translation speed is examined. Clean paths greater than 16 jet diameters wide are produced with a jet pressure ratio of 7 translating at 9.0\u2005mm/s at a dimensionless height of 10. The path width is independent of the jet height at high pressure ratios and inversely dependent on the jet translation speed. A harmonic oscillator model for particle detachment accounts for the effect of translation speed. Results suggest that the particles act as nearly-quantized shear stress sensors that provide a direct, though as yet uncalibrated, measure of the surface shear stress. Further, knowledge of the pressure required to remove 50% of the particles from the central region of the path is sufficient to predict the extent of particle removal at higher pressures.", "date": "1999-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Experiments in Fluids", "volume": "26", "number": "4", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "324-334", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165121715", "issn": "0723-4864", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165121715", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)", "grant_number": "93-G-060" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/s003480050295", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Smedley, G. T.; Phares, D. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s619y-pgd49", "eprint_id": 59290, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 04:03:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:17:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Griffin-Robert-J", "name": { "family": "Griffin", "given": "Robert J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7682-8769" }, { "id": "Cocker-David-R-III", "name": { "family": "Cocker", "given": "David R., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0586-0769" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Organic aerosol formation from the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1999 by the American Geophysical Union.\n\n(Received August 3, 1998; revised October 8, 1998; accepted October 12, 1998.)\n\nThis work was supported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, the National Science Foundation (ATM 9614105), the Coordinating Research Council, and Chevron Corporation. It is dedicated to J.R. Odum. Special thanks to R. Atkinson, K.M. Cocker, A.M. McAdam, N.E. Whitlock, and J. Yu.\n\nPublished - 150-Griffin-1999.pdf
", "abstract": "A series of outdoor chamber experiments has been used to establish and characterize the significant atmospheric aerosol-forming potentials of the most prevalent biogenic hydrocarbons emitted by vegetation. These compounds were also studied to elucidate the effect of structure on aerosol yield for these types of compounds. Because oxidation products partition between the gas and aerosol phases, the aerosol yields of the parent biogenic hydrocarbons depend on the concentration of organic aerosol into which these products can be absorbed. For organic mass concentrations between 5 and 40 \u00b5g m^(-3), mass-based yields in photooxidation experiments range from 17 to 67% for sesquiterpenes, from 2 to 23% for cyclic diolefins, from 2 to 15% for bicyclic olefins, and from 2 to 6% for the acyclic triolefin ocimene. In these photooxidation experiments, hydroxyl and nitrate radicals and ozone can contribute to consumption of the parent hydrocarbon. For bicyclic olefins (\u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, \u0394^3-carene, and sabinene), experiments were also carried out at daytime temperatures in a dark system in the presence of ozone or nitrate radicals alone. For ozonolysis experiments, resulting aerosol yields are less dependent on organic mass concentration, when compared to full, sunlight-driven photooxidation. Nitrate radical experiments exhibit extremely high conversion to aerosol for \u03b2-pinene, sabinene, and \u0394^3-carene. The relative importance of aerosol formation from each type of reaction for bicyclic olefin photooxidation is elucidated.", "date": "1999-02-20", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research D", "volume": "104", "number": "D3", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "3555-3567", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165845978", "issn": "0148-0227", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165845978", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9614105" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/1998JD100049", "primary_object": { "basename": "150-Griffin-1999.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s619y-pgd49/files/150-Griffin-1999.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Griffin, Robert J.; Cocker, David R., III; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/54s0p-4b471", "eprint_id": 59287, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:51:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:16:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Smedley-Gregory-T", "name": { "family": "Smedley", "given": "G. T." } }, { "id": "Phares-Denis-J", "name": { "family": "Phares", "given": "D. J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Entrainment of fine particles from surfaces by impinging shock waves", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Springer. \n\nReceived: 13 November 1997/Accepted: 23 April 1998. \n\nSupport for this work is provided by the FAA under Grant 93-G-060. The authors thank Prof. Paul Bellan of Caltech for providing an early prototype IEC valve that served as the basis for the design of the present valve and Frank Cosso of Caltech for assistance in the design of the power supply used to drive the IEC valve.", "abstract": "When a shock wave impinges on a surface, it reflects and propagates across the surface at supersonic velocity. The gas is impulsively accelerated by the passing shock wave. The resulting high-speed flow imparts sufficiently strong forces to particles on the surface to overcome strong adhesive forces and entrain the surface-bound particles into the gas. This paper describes an experimental study of the removal of fine particles from a surface by impinging shock waves. The surfaces examined in this study were glass slides on which uniformly sized (8.3\u2005\u03bcm diameter), spherical polystyrene particles had been deposited. Shock waves were generated in a small, open-ended shock tube at various heights above and impingement angles to the surface. Particle detachment from the carefully prepared substrates was determined from images of the surfaces recorded before and after shock impingement. A single shock wave effectively cleaned a large surface area. The centerline length of the cleared region was used to characterize the efficacy of shock cleaning. A model based upon the far field solution for a point source surface shock provides a good fit to the clearance length data and yields an estimate to the threshold shock strength for particle removal.", "date": "1999-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Experiments in Fluids", "volume": "26", "number": "1-2", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "116-125", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165333496", "issn": "0723-4864", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-165333496", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)", "grant_number": "93-G-060" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/s003480050270", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Smedley, G. T.; Phares, D. J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ykay5-0cs98", "eprint_id": 59285, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:14:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:16:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yu-Jianzhen", "name": { "family": "Yu", "given": "Jianzhen" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Identification of Products Containing \u2212COOH, \u2212OH, and \u2212C=O in Atmospheric Oxidation of Hydrocarbons", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1998 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review February 6, 1998. Revised manuscript received May 26, 1998. Accepted May 28, 1998. Publication Date (Web): July 3, 1998. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Center on Airborne Organics, the Coordinating Research Council, the Chevron Cooperation, and the National Science Foundation (ATM-9614105). Special thanks go to Robert Griffin and David Cocker for their help in collecting samples.", "abstract": "Atmospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons by hydroxyl radicals and ozone leads to products containing \u2212COOH, \u2212OH, and \u2212C=O functional groups. The high polarity of such compounds precludes direct GC\u2212MS analysis. In addition, many such compounds often exist in a single sample at trace levels. An analytical method has been developed to identify compounds containing one or more functional groups of carbonyl, carboxy, and hydroxy in atmospheric samples. In the method, \u2212C=O groups are derivatized using O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl) hydroxy amine (PFBHA), and \u2212COOH and \u2212OH groups are derivatized using a silylation reagent N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). The derivatives are easily resolved by a GC column. The chemical ionization mass spectra of these derivatives exhibit several pseudomolecular ions, allowing unambiguous determination of molecular weights. Functional group identification is accomplished by monitoring the ions in the electron ionization mass spectra that are characteristic of each functional group derivative:\u2009 m/z 181 for carbonyl and m/z 73 and 75 for carboxyl and hydroxy groups. The method is used to identify products in laboratory studies of ozone oxidation of \u03b1-pinene and \u0394^3-carene. Among products from ozone oxidation of \u03b1-pinene, we have detected pinonaldehyde, norpinonaldehyde, pinonic acid, norpinonic acid, C_(10) hydroxy dicarbonyls, pinic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(formylmethyl)-cyclobutane-formic acid, and a product that has a molecular weight of 156 and contains a CO and a COOH/OH group. The latter two products have not been reported previously. \u0394^3-Carene is structurally analogous to \u03b1-pinene in that both have an internal unsaturated bond where ozone oxidation takes place. We have also identified the corresponding analogous products, of which all but caronaldehyde are reported for the first time.", "date": "1998-08-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "32", "number": "16", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "2357-2370", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-164934482", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-164934482", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9614105" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es980129x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Yu, Jianzhen; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/69bf0-4z815", "eprint_id": 8280, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:58:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:10:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Palot\u00e1s-Arp\u00e1d-B", "name": { "family": "Palot\u00e1s", "given": "Arp\u00e1d B." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6905-1530" }, { "id": "Rainey-Lenore-C", "name": { "family": "Rainey", "given": "Lenore C." } }, { "id": "Sarofim-Adel-F", "name": { "family": "Sarofim", "given": "Adel F." } }, { "id": "Vander-Sande-John-B", "name": { "family": "Vander Sande", "given": "John B." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7304-3018" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Where did that soot come from?", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1996 American Chemical Society. \n\nWe are indebted to I. C. Lewis of Union Carbide for supplying the samples and for the XRD characterization of the interlayer spacing. This research was sponsored by the EPA Center on Airborne Organics, NIEHS Grant NIH 5 PO1ES01640, and the U.S. Bureau of Mines Grant USDI-TPSU-MIT-35242-919-#2581. Facilities support is provided by the Center for Materials Science and Engineering under NSF grant #DMR90-22933.\n\nPublished - RCF148.pdf
", "abstract": "Particulate emission from gas turbines, diesel engines, and other combustion sources are major contributors to air contamination in industrial and urban environments. Such particles (often described as soots) typically account for 1-4 \u00b5g/m\u00b3 of atmospheric inhalable particulate matter, the total concentration of which is usually in the 20-60 \u00b5g/m\u00b3 range. Although responsible for only a small fraction of the total ambient particulate concentration, soot is important because it absorbs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with four rings or more, some of which are well-known carcinogens and acts as a carrier of these compounds into the lung. Soot is also a component in ambient aerosols, which are primarily responsible for the absorption of visible radiation and thus for visibility degradation. \n\nFull characterization of soot particles is necessary to accurately allocate soot and to monitor soot-generating processes. The physical and chemical characteristics of carbonaceous particles in the atmosphere contain information on their origin that can be used for source attribution. The same characteristics also relate to the operational parameters (combustion temperature, air/fuel ratio, fuel composition, exhaust gas cooling rate) of the soot-generating combustion processes.", "date": "1998-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Chemtech", "volume": "28", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "24-30", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:PALcht98.731", "issn": "0009-2703", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:PALcht98.731", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }, { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "5 PO1ES01640" }, { "agency": "U.S. Bureau of Mines", "grant_number": "USDI-TPSU-MIT-35242-919-#2581" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "DMR 90-22933" } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "RCF148.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/69bf0-4z815/files/RCF148.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Palot\u00e1s, Arp\u00e1d B.; Rainey, Lenore C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ya8y2-pn051", "eprint_id": 59284, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:50:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:16:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "McClurg-Richard-B", "name": { "family": "McClurg", "given": "Richard B." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Critical Comparison of Droplet Models in Homogeneous Nucleation Theory", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "homogeneous nucleation; droplet models", "note": "\u00a9 1998 Academic Press. \n\nReceived September 3, 1997; accepted December 8, 1997.", "abstract": "We review the droplet models commonly used in calculations of the rate of homogeneous nucleation from the vapor. A statistical mechanical framework is used to form a common basis for comparison of the models. The asymptotic models (Capillarity, Tolman, and higher order models) and the semiphenomenological models introduced by A. Dillmann and G. E. A. Meier (1991) (J. Chem. Phys.94, 3872) are shown to be consistent with the statistical mechanical approach. The Lothe/Pound (J. Lothe and G. M. Pound (1962), J. Chem. Phys.36, 2080) formalism overcounts the degrees of freedom for a cluster and is therefore inconsistent. The self-consistency correction is shown to be an arbitrary method for handling a truncation error.", "date": "1998-05-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "201", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "194-199", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-164733212", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-164733212", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1006/jcis.1997.5379", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "McClurg, Richard B. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jy2kc-xsx70", "eprint_id": 119461, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:40:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:41:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chan-Chak-Keung", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chak K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9687-8771" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "In Situ Study of Single Aqueous Droplet Solidification of Ceramic Precursors Used for Spray Pyrolysis", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Materials Chemistry; Ceramics and Composites", "abstract": "The electrodynamic balance (EDB) is demonstrated to be useful for the in situ study of aqueous droplet solidification. We have used an EDB to study the solidification of solution droplets used for ceramic powder synthesis by spray pyrolysis. The mass change and the elastic light scattering of the drying 20 \u03bcm solution droplets were monitored. We found that aqueous MgCl\u2082 droplets crystallize but Mg(COOCH\u2083)\u2082, MgSO\u2084, ZrO(OH)Cl, and Zr(COOCH\u2083)\u2084 droplets appear to form gels at high concentrations. As a result of the gel formation, the rate of loss of water from the droplets can be reduced by approximately 150 times and drying is limited by solute diffusion in the gel.", "date": "1998-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the American Ceramic Society", "volume": "81", "number": "3", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "646-648", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-480771600.4", "issn": "0002-7820", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-480771600.4", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02384.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Chan, Chak K.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kn2ne-qe950", "eprint_id": 120794, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 12:33:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:00:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "History of Electrical Aerosol Measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; General Materials Science; Environmental Chemistry", "abstract": "Early studies of atmospheric electricity suggested that the electrical conductivity of the atmosphere should be sufficient to dissipate the charge on the surface of the earth in a matter of minutes. Efforts to understand how substantial electric fields could be maintained globally in spite of the high dissipation rates were propelled into the forefront of physics research at the turn of the century when it was observed that the newly discovered X-rays produced ions that behaved much like those in the atmosphere. Many of the approaches that are now employed in electrical measurements of aerosols were first conceived during the first three decades of this century. Initially the focus was on gas ions, but they were found to consist of charged clusters of water molecules that exhibited a number of distinct mobilities that were substantially lower than those that resulted after long efforts to dry the gas. The coaxial condenser mobility analyzer, introduced by McClelland in 1898 and enhanced by Zeleny in 1900, was used to measure atmospheric ions as early as 1901 by Ebert. Based upon atmospheric measurements with this device in 1905, Langevin reported on the existence of ions with mobilities 3000 times lower than those observed in the laboratory studies. These so-called large ions correspond to particles in what we now know as the accumulation mode of the atmospheric aerosol. The aspiration condenser dominated measurements of atmospheric ions for six decades even though Erikson developed a differential mobility analyzer by 1921, and Rohmann produced a differential mobility sampler in 1923. Only after electronics was improved in the 1950s and 1960s were these instruments reintroduced. It was based upon condenser measurements of atmospheric \"ions\" that Junge first described the structure of the ultrafine particle size distribution in 1955.", "date": "1998-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "28", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "301-380", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230412-312177000.22", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230412-312177000.22", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/02786829808965530", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4j23a-prj08", "eprint_id": 119468, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 11:48:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:41:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Forstner-Hali-J-L", "name": { "family": "Forstner", "given": "Hali J. L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Molecular speciation of secondary organic aerosol from photooxidation of the higher alkenes: 1-octene and 1-decene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atmospheric Science; General Environmental Science", "note": "This work was supported by US Environmental Protection Agency Exploratory Environmental Research Center on Airborne Organics (R-819714-01-0) and National Science Foundation grant ATM-9307603.", "abstract": "Outdoor smog chamber photooxidations to determine the molecular composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from 1-octene and 1-decene in sunlight-irradiated hydrocarbon-NO_x mixtures are reported. The observed products are consistent with the current understanding of alkene reactions with OH and O\u2083. Gas-phase mechanisms leading to the observed products are outlined. Heptanal, heptanoic acid, and dihydro-5-propyl-2(3H)-furanone were the dominant organics identified in 1-octene aerosol. The corresponding species in 1-decene aerosol were nonanal, nonanoic acid, and dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone. Measured aerosol yields from 1-octene and 1-decene experiments are also reported, and are found to correlate with organic mass concentration according to semi-volatile gas/particle partitioning theory. A new organic aerosol extraction procedure utilizing supercritical CO\u2082 extraction is outlined.", "date": "1997-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment", "volume": "31", "number": "13", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1953-1964", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-980742900.7", "issn": "1352-2310", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-980742900.7", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-819714-01-0" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/s1352-2310(96)00356-1", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Forstner, Hali J. L.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q4sw9-1pq93", "eprint_id": 119469, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:34:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:41:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tse-Cecilia-W", "name": { "family": "Tse", "given": "Cecilia W." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Rate constants for the gas-phase reaction of the hydroxyl radical with a series of dimethylbenzaldehydes and trimethylphenols at atmospheric pressure", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "abstract": "Rate constants for three dimethylbenzaldehydes and two trimethylphenols have been determined for the OH reactions at 298\u00b12 K and atmospheric pressure using a relative rate method. The OH reaction rate constants were placed on an absolute basis using the literature rate constant for 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene of (3.25\u00b10.5)\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u00b9 cm\u00b3 molecule\u207b\u00b9s\u207b\u00b9). The measured rate constants were (in units of cm\u00b3 molecule\u207b\u00b9 s\u207b\u00b9) 2,4-dimethyl-benzaldehyde, (4.32\u00b10.67)\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u00b9; 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, (4.37\u00b10.68)\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u00b9; 3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, (2.14\u00b10.34)\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u00b9; and 2,3,5- trimethylphenol, (12.5\u00b11.9)\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u00b9, 2,3,6-trimethylphenol, (11.8\u00b11.8)\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u00b9. Using an average OH concentration of 8.7\u00d710\u2075 molecule cm\u207b\u00b3, the estimated atmospheric lifetimes are ca. 7.5 h for 2,4- and 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehydes, ca. 15 h for 3,4-dimethylbenzaldehyde, ca. 2.5 h for 2,3,5- and 2,3,6-trimethylphenols. The reactivities of the trimethylphenols exceed those of the dimethyl-benzaldehydes by more than a factor of 3.", "date": "1997-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "International Journal of Chemical Kinetics", "volume": "29", "number": "7", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "523-525", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-182702433", "issn": "0538-8066", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230222-182702433", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1002/(SICI)1097-4601(1997)29:7%3C523::AID-KIN6%3E3.0.CO;2-W", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Tse, Cecilia W.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p8vqm-6ad53", "eprint_id": 59280, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:31:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:16:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Odum-Jay-R", "name": { "family": "Odum", "given": "J. R." } }, { "id": "Jungkamp-Tim-P-W", "name": { "family": "Jungkamp", "given": "T. P. W." } }, { "id": "Griffin-Robert-J", "name": { "family": "Griffin", "given": "R. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7682-8769" }, { "id": "Forstner-Hali-J-L", "name": { "family": "Forstner", "given": "H. J. L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aromatics, Reformulated Gasoline, and Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Formation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1997 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review June 19, 1996. Revised manuscript received April 4, 1997. Accepted April 4, 1997. \n\nWe would like to acknowledge support by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Center on Airborne Organics, the National Science Foundation, the Coordinating Research Council, and the Chevron Corporation. T.P.W.J. would also like to acknowledge a Forschungsstipendium by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.", "abstract": "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yield curves have been obtained for 17 individual aromatic species from an extensive series of sunlight-irradiated smog chamber experiments. These yield curves, interpreted within the framework of a gas/aerosol absorption model, are used to quantitatively account for the SOA that is formed in a series of smog chamber experiments performed with the whole vapor of 12 different reformulated gasolines. The total amount of secondary organic aerosol produced from the atmospheric oxidation of whole gasoline vapor can be represented as the sum of the contributions of the individual aromatic molecular constituents of the fuel.", "date": "1997-06-30", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "31", "number": "7", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1890-1897", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-164227268", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-164227268", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es960535l", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Odum, J. R.; Jungkamp, T. P. W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/naf3p-zgb60", "eprint_id": 59279, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:17:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:16:31", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Forstner-Hali-J-L", "name": { "family": "Forstner", "given": "Hali J. L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Photooxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Molecular Composition", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1997 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review June 19, 1996. Revised manuscript received January 16, 1997. Accepted January 23, 1997. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Exploratory Environmental Research Center on Airborne Organics (R-819714-01-0), National Science Foundation Grant ATM-9307603, the Coordinating Research Council (A-5-1), and the Chevron Corporation.", "abstract": "Outdoor smog chamber photooxidations to determine the molecular composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, ethylbenzene, m-ethyltoluene, p-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in sunlight-irradiated hydrocarbon\u2212NO\u2093 mixtures are reported. Gas-phase mechanisms leading to the observed products are proposed. Unsaturated anhydrides (2,5-furandione, 3-methyl-2,5-furandione, 3-ethyl-2,5-furandione) are predominant components of aerosol from all the aromatics, an observation that is consistent with gas-phase aromatic mechanisms involving ring fragmentation. Saturated anhydrides were also detected in significant quantities, which could result from the hydrogenation of the furandiones in sunlight in the particle phase.", "date": "1997-04-29", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "31", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1345-1358", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-163950869", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150806-163950869", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-819714-01-0" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "A-5-1" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es9605376", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Forstner, Hali J. L.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xq5yq-bxq16", "eprint_id": 1154, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 11:39:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 22:39:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "McClurg-R-B", "name": { "family": "McClurg", "given": "Richard B." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Goddard-W-A-III", "name": { "family": "Goddard", "given": "William A., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0097-5716" } ] }, "title": "The hindered rotor density-of-states interpolation function", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "interpolation; rotational isomerism; free energy; specific heat; entropy; electronic density of states", "note": "Copyright \u00a9 1997 American Institute of Physics. \n\n(Received 30 October 1996; accepted 17 January 1997) \n\nThis research was funded by the NSF (CHE 95-22179 and ASC 92-17368). The facilities of the MSC are also supported by grants from DOE-BCTR, Chevron Petroleum Technology, Asahi Chemial, Aramco, Owens Corning, Chevron Chemical Co., Asahi Glass, Chevron Research and Technology Co., BP Chemical, Hercules, Avery Dennison, and Beckman Institute. \n\nErratum: \"The hindered rotor density of states interpolation function\" [J. Chem. Phys. 106, 6675 (1997)] Richard B. McClurg. J. Chem. Phys. 111, 7165 (1999)\n\nPublished - MCCjcp97a.pdf
Published - MCCjcp97corr.pdf
", "abstract": "We construct an approximation to the partition function for hindered rotors based entirely on their asymptotic behavior and no fitting parameters. The approximant is shown to be quite accurate in all temperature ranges. Explicit auxiliary functions are derived for the Helmholtz free energy, internal energy, heat capacity, and entropy. We apply this function to estimating the heat capacity and unimolecular dissociation rate for ethane.", "date": "1997-04-22", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "106", "number": "16", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "6675-6680", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:MCCjcp97a", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MCCjcp97a", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE 95-22179" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ASC 92-17368" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Chevron Petroleum Technology Co." }, { "agency": "Asahi Chemical" }, { "agency": "Aramco" }, { "agency": "Owens-Corning" }, { "agency": "Chevron Chemical Co" }, { "agency": "Asahi Glass" }, { "agency": "Chevron Research and Technology Co." }, { "agency": "BP Chemical" }, { "agency": "Hercules" }, { "agency": "Avery-Dennison" }, { "agency": "Caltech Beckman Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.473664", "primary_object": { "basename": "MCCjcp97a.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xq5yq-bxq16/files/MCCjcp97a.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "MCCjcp97corr.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xq5yq-bxq16/files/MCCjcp97corr.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "McClurg, Richard B.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ths42-0r356", "eprint_id": 52184, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:15:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 19:38:39", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Odum-Jay-R", "name": { "family": "Odum", "given": "Jay R." } }, { "id": "Jungkamp-Tim-P-W", "name": { "family": "Jungkamp", "given": "T. P. W." } }, { "id": "Griffin-Robert-J", "name": { "family": "Griffin", "given": "R. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7682-8769" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The Atmospheric Aerosol-Forming Potential of Whole Gasoline Vapor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1997 American Association for the Advancement of Science.\n\nReceived 2 December 1996; accepted 5 February 1997.\n\nWe would like to acknowledge support by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Center on Airborne Organics, the National Science Foundation, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Coordinating Research Council, and the Chevron Corporation. We would also like to thank S. Kent Hoekman for his helpful comments.", "abstract": "A series of sunlight-irradiated, smog-chamber experiments confirmed that the atmospheric organic aerosol formation potential of whole gasoline vapor can be accounted for solely in terms of the aromatic fraction of the fuel. The total amount of secondary organic aerosol produced from the atmospheric oxidation of whole gasoline vapor can be represented as the sum of the contributions of the individual aromatic molecular constituents of the fuel. The urban atmospheric, anthropogenic hydrocarbon profile is approximated well by evaporated whole gasoline, and thus these results suggest that it is possible to model atmospheric secondary organic aerosol formation.", "date": "1997-04-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "276", "number": "5309", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "96-99", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141126-125811492", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141126-125811492", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)" }, { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.276.5309.96", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Odum, Jay R.; Jungkamp, T. P. W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8a2q9-qze84", "eprint_id": 59242, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 01:01:10", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hoffmann-Thorsten", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Thorsten" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0939-271X" }, { "id": "Odum-Jay-R", "name": { "family": "Odum", "given": "Jay R." } }, { "id": "Bowman-Frank-M", "name": { "family": "Bowman", "given": "Frank" } }, { "id": "Collins-Donald-R", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "Donald" } }, { "id": "Klockow-Dieter", "name": { "family": "Klockow", "given": "Dieter" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Formation of Organic Aerosols from the Oxidation of Biogenic Hydrocarbons", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "biogenic hydrocarbons, ozone, nitrate radicals, aerosol formation, gas/particle partitioning", "note": "\u00a9 1997 Kluwer. \n\n(Received: 26 September 1996; in final form: 4 December 1996) \n\nThis work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Exploratory Environmental Research Center on Airborne Organics (R-819714-01-0), National Science Foundation grant ATM-9307603, the Coordinating Research Council (A-5-1), and the Chevron Corporation. T.H. thanks the German Research Association (DFG) for financial support and the BMBF (Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie) for agreeing with the stay at Caltech during his participation in the research programme 'cycles of trace constituents'.", "abstract": "Measurements of aerosol formation during thephotooxidation of \u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene,d-3-carene, d-limonene, ocimene, linalool, terpinene-4-ol, andtrans-caryophyllene were conducted in an outdoor smog chamber. Daylight experiments in the presence of NO\u2093 and dark experiments with elevated ozone concentrations were performed. The evolution of the aerosol was simulated by the application of a gas/particle absorption model in connection with a chemical reaction mechanism. The fractional aerosol yield is shown to be a function of the organic aerosol mass concentration and temperature. Ozone and, for selected hydrocarbons, the NO\u2083 reaction of the compounds were found to represent efficient routes to the formation of condensable products. For initial hydrocarbon mixing ratios of about 100 ppb, the fractional aerosol yields from daylight runs have been estimated to be \u223c5% for open-chain hydrocarbons, such as ocimene and linalool, 5\u201325% for monounsaturated cyclic monoterpenes, such as \u03b1-pinene, d-3-carene, or terpinene-4-ol, and \u223c40% for a cyclic monoterpene with two double bonds like d-limonene. For the only sesquiterpene investigated, trans-caryophyllene, a fractional aerosol yield of close to 100% was observed. The majority of the compounds studied showed an even higher aerosol yield during dark experiments in the presence of ozone.", "date": "1997-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry", "volume": "26", "number": "2", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "189-222", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-115101473", "issn": "0167-7764", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-115101473", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-819714-01-0" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "A-5-1" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)" }, { "agency": "Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie (BMBF)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1023/A:1005734301837", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "Hoffmann, Thorsten; Odum, Jay R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1vxfb-q4a24", "eprint_id": 59243, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:47:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:14:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "McClurg-Richard-B", "name": { "family": "McClurg", "given": "R. B." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Goddard-W-A-III", "name": { "family": "Goddard", "given": "W. A., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0097-5716" } ] }, "title": "Influences of binding transitions on the homogeneous nucleation of mercury", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1997 Elsevier. \n\nPartial support of this work was provided by grants from NSF (CHE 95-22179) and from the International Fine Particle Research Institute.", "abstract": "Nucleation rates from supersaturated vapor are calculated for mercury. Previous measurements of nucleation rates using an upward thermal diffusion chamber demonstrated that critical supersaturations for Hg vapor are roughly three orders of magnitude lower than the predictions of the classical Becker-Doring-Zeldovich theory. [J. Martens, H. Uchtmann, and F. Hensel, J. Phys. Chem. 91, 2489 (1987)] This discrepancy was attributed to a metal-nonmetal transition in Hg clusters that occurs near the critical cluster size. [H. Uchtmann, K. Rademann, and F. Hensel, Annalen der Physik. 48, 207 (1991)] That view is supported by the similarity of cohesive energies and optical spectra for Hg clusters and rare gas clusters. [H. Haberland et al., Z. Phys. D 26, 8 (1993)] Using this analogy and the framework of the classical theory, we calculate nucleation rates that agree with the experiments within experimental uncertainties without any adjustable parameters.", "date": "1997", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Nanostructured Materials", "volume": "9", "number": "1-8", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "53-61", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-115450928", "issn": "0965-9773", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-115450928", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE 95-22179" }, { "agency": "International Fine Particle Research Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0965-9773(97)00018-4", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1997", "author_list": "McClurg, R. B.; Flagan, R. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qcxtq-01e91", "eprint_id": 59239, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:37:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:45", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhang-Shou-Hua", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Shou-Hua" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Resolution of the radial differential mobility analyzer for ultrafine particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1996 Elsevier. \n\n(First received 28 December 1995; and in final form 6 March 1996) \n\nThe authors wish to thank Dr Mark Stolzenburg for important suggestions regarding the treatment of the diffusional transfer function. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation grant NSF-ATM-9307603, the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-93-1-0872, and the Environmental Protection Agency Exploratory Environmental Research Center on Airborne Organics (R-819714-01-0).", "abstract": "The resolution of the radial differential mobility analyzer (radial DMA) for particles in 3\u201360 nm diameter range is probed through tandem radial DMA measurements employing identical radial DMAs. The observed broadening of the range of transmitted particles with decreasing particle Peclet number was shown to be consistent with Stolzenburg's (1988, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota) model of diffusion broadening of the transfer function, although the broadening was somewhat greater than predicted. A similar, but smaller, deviation is seen in Stolzenburg's data obtained using a cylindrical DMA. The enhanced broadening is thought to result from flow disturbances within the DMA. Diffusional deposition of particles in the radial DMA for two different sheath flow rates correlated well with Pe^(-2/3), while electrophoretic particle losses in the transition from high voltage at the outlet of the DMA to grounded tubing are shown to be independent of the particle Peclet number. The latter effect is, however, small for the radial DMA. Consistent with observations previously made using cylindrical DMAs, the voltage corresponding to the peak in the number concentration is slightly higher for the second DMA than for the first one. This apparent decrease in mobility correlates with Pe^(\u22121).", "date": "1996-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "27", "number": "8", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1179-1200", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-113734674", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-113734674", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-93-1-0872" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-819714-01-0" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-8502(96)00036-5", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Zhang, Shou-Hua and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5hmp5-env29", "eprint_id": 1155, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 11:19:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 22:39:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "McClurg-R-B", "name": { "family": "McClurg", "given": "Richard B." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Goddard-W-A-III", "name": { "family": "Goddard", "given": "William A., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0097-5716" } ] }, "title": "Thermodynamic properties and homogeneous nucleation rates for surface-melted physical clusters", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; VAN DER WAALS BINDING; THERMODYNAMICS; FREE ENERGY; NUCLEATION; MELTING; CHEMICAL POTENTIAL; SURFACE TENSION; COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION", "note": "\u00a9 1996 American Institute of Physics. \n\n(Received 12 September 1995; accepted 19 July 1996) \n\nWe thank Jon Doye and Professor D. J. Wales for providing the data from their prior work (Ref. 38) which we have included in Figure 5. RBM acknowledges a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Partial support of the work was provided by grants from the NSF (CHE 94-13930, CTS 91-13191, and ASC 92-17368) and from the International Fine Particle Research Institute. Portions of this research were performed using the Intel Delta System operated by Caltech on behalf of the Concurrent Supercomputing Consortium. We thank Donald Dabdub for his expertise in preparing our code for the Delta System and for handling the scheduling of the runs. The facilities of the MSC are also supported by grants from DOE-BCTR, Allied-Signal Corp., Asahi Chemical, Asahi Glass, Chevron Petroleum Technology Co., Chevron Research Technology Co., Hughes Research Laboratories, and Beckman Institute.\n\n\"Thermodynamic properties and homogeneous nucleation rates for surface-melted physical clusters\" [J. Chem. Phys. 105, 7648 (1996)] Richard B. McClurg et al. J. Chem. Phys. 107, 7001 (1997)\n\nPublished - MCCjcp96.pdf
Published - MCCjcp96corr.pdf
", "abstract": "We predict the free energy of van der Waals clusters (Fn) in the surface-melted temperature regime. These free energies are used to predict the bulk chemical potential, surface tension, Tolman length, and vapor pressure of noble gas crystals. Together, these estimates allow us to make definitive tests of the capillarity approximation in classical homogeneous nucleation theory. We find that the capillarity approximation underestimates the nucleation rate by thirty orders of magnitude for argon. The best available experiments are consistent with our calculation of nucleation rate as a function of temperature and pressure. We suggest experimental conditions appropriate for determining quantitative nucleation rates which would be invaluable in guiding further development of the theory. To make the predictions of Fn, we develop the Shellwise Lattice Search (SLS) algorithm to identify isomer fragments and the Linear Group Contribution (LGC) method to estimate the energy of isomers composed of those fragments. Together, SLS/LGC approximates the distribution of isomers which contribute to the configurational partition function (for up to 147-atom clusters). Estimates of the remaining free energy contributions come from a previous paper in this series.", "date": "1996-11-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "105", "number": "17", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "7648-7663", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:MCCjcp96", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MCCjcp96", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE 94-13930" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS 91-13191" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ASC 92-17368" }, { "agency": "International Fine Particle Research Institute" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Allied-Signal" }, { "agency": "Asahi Chemical" }, { "agency": "Asahi Glass" }, { "agency": "Chevron Petroleum Technology Co." }, { "agency": "Chevron Research and Technology Co." }, { "agency": "Hughes Research Laboratories" }, { "agency": "Caltech Beckman Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.473002", "primary_object": { "basename": "MCCjcp96.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5hmp5-env29/files/MCCjcp96.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "MCCjcp96corr.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5hmp5-env29/files/MCCjcp96corr.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "McClurg, Richard B.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cr9fx-hff79", "eprint_id": 120968, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 11:20:24", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:05:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "McClurg-Richard-B", "name": { "family": "McClurg", "given": "Richard B." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Goddard-W-A-III", "name": { "family": "Goddard", "given": "William A., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0097-5716" } ] }, "title": "Thermodynamic properties and homogeneous nucleation rates for surface\u2010melted physical clusters", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Physical and Theoretical Chemistry; General Physics and Astronomy", "note": "\u00a9 1996 American Institute of Physics. \n\nWe thank Jon Doye and Professor D. J. Wales for providing the data from their prior work (Ref. 38) which we have included in Figure 5. RBM acknowledges a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Partial support of the work was provided by grants from the NSF (CHE 94-13930, CTS 91-13191, and ASC 92-17368) and from the International Fine Particle Research Institute. Portions of this research were performed using the Intel Delta System operated by Caltech on behalf of the Concurrent Supercomputing Consortium. We thank Donald Dabdub for his expertise in preparing our code for the Delta System and for handling the scheduling of the runs. The facilities of the MSC are also supported by grants from DOE-BCTR, Allied-Signal Corp., Asahi Chemical, Asahi Glass, Chevron Petroleum Technology Co., Chevron Research Technology Co., Hughes Research Laboratories, and Beckman Institute.", "abstract": "We predict the free energy of van der Waals clusters (F\u207f) in the surface\u2010melted temperature regime. These free energies are used to predict the bulk chemical potential, surface tension, Tolman length, and vapor pressure of noble gas crystals. Together, these estimates allow us to make definitive tests of the capillarity approximation in classical homogeneous nucleation theory. We find that the capillarity approximation underestimates the nucleation rate by thirty orders of magnitude for argon. The best available experiments are consistent with our calculation of nucleation rate as a function of temperature and pressure. We suggest experimental conditions appropriate for determining quantitative nucleation rates which would be invaluable in guiding further development of the theory. To make the predictions of F\u207f, we develop the Shellwise Lattice Search (SLS) algorithm to identify isomer fragments and the Linear Group Contribution (LGC) method to estimate the energy of isomers composed of those fragments. Together, SLS/LGC approximates the distribution of isomers which contribute to the configurational partition function (for up to 147\u2010atom clusters). Estimates of the remaining free energy contributions come from a previous paper in this series.", "date": "1996-11-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "105", "number": "17", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "7648-7663", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-318331000.2", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-318331000.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE 94-13930" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS 91-13191" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ASC 92-17368" }, { "agency": "International Fine Particle Research Institute" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Allied-Signal" }, { "agency": "Asahi Chemical" }, { "agency": "Asahi Glass" }, { "agency": "Chevron Petroleum Technology Co." }, { "agency": "Chevron Research Technology Co." }, { "agency": "Hughes Research Laboratories" }, { "agency": "Caltech Beckman Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.473002", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "McClurg, Richard B.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vd5ty-kge11", "eprint_id": 32371, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:29:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:22:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bluth-R-T", "name": { "family": "Bluth", "given": "R. T." } }, { "id": "Durkee-Philip-A", "name": { "family": "Durkee", "given": "P. A." } }, { "id": "Finn-P", "name": { "family": "Finn", "given": "P." } }, { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "L. M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Crowley-P-A", "name": { "family": "Crowley", "given": "P. A." } } ] }, "title": "Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1996 American Meteorological Society. \n\nIn final form 10 June 1996. \n\nInitial funding of CIRPAS and the initial science studies will be funded by the Office of Naval Research. CIRPAS is cooperating with the NASA/Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology Program.\n\nPublished - 1520-0477_1996_077_2691.pdf
", "abstract": "A remotely piloted aircraft research facility is described that will provide new capabilities for atmospheric and oceanographic measurements. The aircraft can fly up to 24 h over remote ocean regions, at low or high altitude, and in various other challenging mission scenarios. The aircraft will fly research missions at speeds of 40 m s^(\u22121) and provide high spatial resolution measurements. Data will be transmitted in real time to a ground station for analysis and decision-making purposes. The facility will expand the opportunities for universities to participate in field measurement programs.", "date": "1996-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society", "volume": "77", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "2691-2699", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120712-083815675", "issn": "0003-0007", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120712-083815675", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<2691:CFIRPA>2.0.CO;2", "primary_object": { "basename": "1520-0477_1996_077_2691.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vd5ty-kge11/files/1520-0477_1996_077_2691.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Bluth, R. T.; Durkee, P. A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qwyvs-kjf98", "eprint_id": 59240, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:08:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Odum-Jay-R", "name": { "family": "Odum", "given": "Jay R." } }, { "id": "Hoffmann-Thorsten", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Thorsten" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0939-271X" }, { "id": "Bowman-Frank-M", "name": { "family": "Bowman", "given": "Frank" } }, { "id": "Collins-Donald-J", "name": { "family": "Collins", "given": "Don" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Gas/Particle Partitioning and Secondary Organic Aerosol Yields", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1996 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review December 18, 1995. Revised manuscript received April 1 7, 1996. Accepted April 19, 1996. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Exploratory Environmental Research Center on Airborne Organics (R-819714-01-0), the National Science Foundation Grant ATM-9307603, the Coordinating Research Council (A-5-1), and the Chevron Corporation.", "abstract": "Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is considered in the framework of the gas/particle partitioning absorption model outlined by Pankow. Expressions for the fractional SOA yield (Y) are developed within this framework and shown to be a function of the organic aerosol mass concentration, M\u2092. These expressions are applied to over 30 individual reactive organic gas (ROG) photooxidation smog chamber experiments. Analysis of the data from these experiments clearly shows that Y is a strong function of M\u2092 and that secondary organic aerosol formation is best described by a gas/particle partitioning absorption model. In addition to the 30 individual ROG experiments, three experiments were performed with ROG mixtures. The expressions developed for Y in terms of M\u2092, used in conjunction with the overall yield data from the individual ROG experiments, are able to account for the M\u2092 generated in the ROG mixture experiments. This observation not only suggests that SOA yields for individual ROGs are additive but that smog chamber SOA yield data may be confidently extrapolated to the atmosphere in order to determine the important ambient sources of SOA in the environment.", "date": "1996-07-25", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "30", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "2580-2585", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-113921105", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-113921105", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-819714-01-0" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "A-5-1" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechAUTHORS", "doi": "10.1021/es950943+", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Odum, Jay R.; Hoffmann, Thorsten; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cqkgy-q5x26", "eprint_id": 67727, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 00:02:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:38:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Andino-Jean-M", "name": { "family": "Andino", "given": "Jean M." } }, { "id": "Smith-James-N", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "James N." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4677-8224" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Goddard-W-A-III", "name": { "family": "Goddard", "given": "William A., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0097-5716" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Mechanism of Atmospheric Photooxidation of Aromatics: A Theoretical Study", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1996 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived: October 3, 1995; In Final Form: December 13, 1995. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Center for Airborne Organics (R-819714-01-0), National Science Foundation Grant ATM-9307603, the Coordinating Research Council (A-5-1), and the Chevron Corporation. The authors thank J. K. Perry and T. Jungkamp for helpful discussions.", "abstract": "The mechanisms of atmospheric photooxidation of aromatic compounds are of seminal importance in the chemistry of the urban and regional atmosphere. It has been difficult to experimentally account for the full spectrum of oxidation products in laboratory studies. In an effort to fully elucidate the atmospheric reaction pathways for the aromatic\u2212OH reaction, we have conducted theoretical calculations on aromatic intermediates. Energies have been determined for these intermediates by using semiempirical UHF/PM3 geometry optimizations combined with ab initio calculations using density functional theory (DFT). A hybrid DFT model, the Becke3 parameter function with the nonlocal correlation function of Lee, Yang, and Parr, was used in conjunction with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set to study the intermediate structures. Full mechanisms for the OH-initiated photooxidation of toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, and m-ethyltoluene are developed. The lowest energy intermediates have been determined, and predicted products from these structures are compared to available experimental product data. These studies serve to refine proposed mechanisms currently available for toluene, m-xylene, and p-xylene, while providing new information on the 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and m-ethyltoluene reaction pathways.", "date": "1996-06-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry", "volume": "100", "number": "26", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "10967-10980", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160607-114130563", "issn": "0022-3654", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160607-114130563", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-819714-01-0" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "A-5-1" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/jp952935l", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Andino, Jean M.; Smith, James N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fhjs1-te535", "eprint_id": 5458, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 11:03:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 19:13:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Zhang-Shou-Hua", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Shou-Hua" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Stolzenburg-Mark-R", "name": { "family": "Stolzenburg", "given": "Mark R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5528-6646" }, { "id": "Caldow-Robert", "name": { "family": "Caldow", "given": "Robert" } } ] }, "title": "Radially Classified Aerosol Detector for Aircraft-Based Submicron Aerosol Measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1996 American Meteorological Society \n\nManuscript received April 27, 1995, in final form September 29, 1995 \n\nThe authors are grateful for the help of the University of Washington Cloud and Aerosol research group for their assistance in integrating the RCAD into the C131a, with special thanks to Dean Hegg, Ron Ferek, Peter Hobbs, Jack Russell, and Don Spurgeon. The use of the laboratories of TSI, Inc., and the support of Fred Quant, Rick Holm, Maynard Havlicek, and Gil Sem were indispensable in constructing and calibrating the modified CPC. The financial support of the Office of Naval Research Grants N00014-93-1-0872 and N00014-94-1-0663 is gratefully acknowledged, both for development of the RCAD and the flights scheduled as part of the Monterey Area Ship Track (MAST) Experiment.\n\nPublished - RUSjaot96.pdf
", "abstract": "A radially classified aerosol detector (RCAD) for fast characterization of fine particle size distributions aboard aircraft has been designed and implemented. The measurement system includes a radial differential mobility analyzer and a high-flow, high-efficiency condensation nuclei counter based on modifications to a commercial model (TST, model 3010). Variations in pressure encountered during changes in altitude in flight are compensated by feedback control of volumetric flow rates with a damped proportional control algorithm. Sampling resolution is optimized with the use of an automated dual-bag sampling system. This new system has been tested aboard the University of Washington Cl31a research aircraft to demonstrate its in-flight performance capabilities. The system was used to make measurements of aerosol, providing observations of the spatial variability within the cloud-topped boundary layer off the coast of Monterey, California.", "date": "1996-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology", "volume": "13", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Meteorological Society", "pagerange": "598-609", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:RUSjaot96", "issn": "0739-0572", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:RUSjaot96", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-93-1-0872" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-94-1-0663" } ] }, "doi": "10.1175/1520-0426(1996)013<0598:RCADFA>2.0.CO;2", "primary_object": { "basename": "RUSjaot96.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fhjs1-te535/files/RUSjaot96.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Russell, Lynn M.; Zhang, Shou-Hua; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6wrxd-37c49", "eprint_id": 2072, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 11:03:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:11:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Camata-Renato-P", "name": { "family": "Camata", "given": "Renato P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6966-8557" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Size classification of silicon nanocrystals", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "SILICON; SYNTHESIS; NANOSTRUCTURES; AEROSOLS", "note": "\u00a9 1996 American Institute of Physics. \n\n(Received 9 February 1996; accepted 22 March 1996) \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG 89ER45395) and by the Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-90-J-1854). R. P. C. acknowledges support from CNPq, Bras\u00edlia, Brazil.\n\nPublished - CAMapl96.pdf
", "abstract": "We report on the synthesis of size-classified silicon nanocrystals by differential mobility classification of a polydisperse ultrafine silicon aerosol. Using the described technique, the average nanocrystal size can be tuned by simply adjusting an electric field. Samples of nonagglomerated silicon nanocrystals have been obtained and size control has been achieved within 15%\u201320% in the 2\u201310 nm size regime.", "date": "1996-05-27", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "68", "number": "22", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "3162-3164", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:CAMapl96", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CAMapl96", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG89-ER4539" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-90-J-1854" }, { "agency": "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.115811", "primary_object": { "basename": "CAMapl96.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6wrxd-37c49/files/CAMapl96.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Camata, Renato P.; Atwater, Harry A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2qyk2-b9e92", "eprint_id": 119479, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 10:52:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:41:40", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Huebert-Barry-J", "name": { "family": "Huebert", "given": "Barry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7711-0468" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Characterization of submicron aerosol size distributions from time-resolved measurements in the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Paleontology; Space and Planetary Science; Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous); Atmospheric Science; Earth-Surface Processes; Geochemistry and Petrology; Soil Science; Water Science and Technology; Ecology; Aquatic Science; Forestry; Oceanography; Geophysics", "note": "The authors wish to thank Byron Blomquist, Brigitte Noone, Richard Benner, Antony Clarke, and the crew of the RIV Oceanus for their generous assistance in the field. The authors are also grateful to Chris Bretherton for his calculation of back-trajectories for the air masses studied. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant ATM-9307603 and by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-93-1-0555. The comments of two anonymous reviewers are also appreciated. BJH's work was supported by NSF grants ATM89-09919 and ATM92-23209 and ONR grants N00014-92-J-1282 and N00014-93-1-0008. This research is a contribution to the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Core project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP).", "abstract": "As part of the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange (ASTEX/MAGE), ship-based aerosol size distribution measurements have been carried out with a scanning electrical mobility spectrometer (SEMS) aboard the R/V Oceanus. The fast time resolution of these measurements illustrates some of the short-timescale variability of both the marine background aerosol and the anthropogenically influenced continental air masses. The resulting total number concentrations are largely in agreement with those from a collocated condensation nucleus counter (CNC). The aerosol size distributions provide characteristic signatures for different atmospheric conditions, showing low-concentration bimodal distributions in cleaner air masses and higher-concentration single-mode distributions in air masses with apparent recent continental influence.", "date": "1996-02-20", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "101", "number": "D2", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "4469-4478", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230223-180952000.1", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230223-180952000.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-93-1-0555" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM89-09919" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM92-23209" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-92-J-1282" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-93-1-0008" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/95jd01372", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Russell, Lynn M.; Huebert, Barry J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w8s9s-62d74", "eprint_id": 59235, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-09-15 05:04:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 21:13:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Lunden-Melissa-M", "name": { "family": "Lunden", "given": "Melissa M." } } ] }, "title": "Particle structure control in nanoparticle synthesis from the vapor phase", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Vapour phase; Synthesis", "note": "\u00a9 1995 Elsevier. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number CTS-9113193.", "abstract": "Nanostructured materials have generally been synthesized by condensation from the vapor phase in an inert carrier gas, most often in a buoyant plume above a hot vapor source. Particles form by homogeneous nucleation as the gases cool and grow by Brownian coagulation. Previous studies have shown that the size of the smallest structures is reduced with decreasing pressure, so most nanoparticle synthesis is performed at low pressures. The crystallites produced by this method are subunits of larger agglomerate particles, often with substantial neck formation that interferes with consolidation. Examination of the theory of particle growth under such conditions reveals that, once agglomerate particles begin to form, particle growth rapidly accelerates. The crystallite size is, therefore, determined by the growth prior to the onset of agglomeration. From this analysis, it is seen that the rate of production of nanoparticles can be increased dramatically if the synthesis reactor is operated at higher pressure, with correspondingly shorter growth times. The growth time is determined by the effective cooling rate in the growth region of the reactor. Short growth times are achieved by rapid cooling. Neck formation in those agglomerate particles that do form is diminished by starting the growth process at a high initial temperature.", "date": "1995-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Materials Science and Engineering A", "volume": "204", "number": "1-2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "113-124", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-113042231", "issn": "0921-5093", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-113042231", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-9113193" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0921-5093(95)09947-6", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C. and Lunden, Melissa M." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8r5av-sae62", "eprint_id": 60847, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:48:16", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:03:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wong-Brian-A", "name": { "family": "Wong", "given": "Brian A." } }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "George R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Effect of Char Formation Temperature on the Densification of a Bituminous Coal Char during Gasification", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1995 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived September 6, 1994. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy University Coal Research Program under grant DE-FG22-89PC89765.", "abstract": "It has been observed that some porous carbon particles shrink when oxidized under kinetically limited conditions, instead of reacting at constant diameter, as expected. This study was performed to determine whether or not char from PSOC 1451 coal prepared at different temperatures would also shrink during low-temperature gasification. Coal chars, formed at 1200 and 1600 K, were levitated in the electrodynamic balance and heated with a carbon dioxide laser. The 1200 K char did shrink, as observed in the previous study, while the 1600 K char reacted at constant diameter, as expected under the kinetically limited conditions. These results demonstrate that the time and temperature history of a char influence its behavior during subsequent oxidation.", "date": "1995-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Energy and Fuels", "volume": "9", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "493-499", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151007-090426421", "issn": "1520-5029", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151007-090426421", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-89PC89765" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/ef00051a014", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Wong, Brian A.; Gavalas, George R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0jkbk-71356", "eprint_id": 60848, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:48:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:04:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wong-Brian-A", "name": { "family": "Wong", "given": "Brian A." } }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "George R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Laser Ignition of Levitated Char Particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1995 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived September 6, 1994. \n\nThis research was supported by the US. Department of Energy University Coal Research Program under grant DE-FG22-89PC89765.\n\nPresented in poster form at the 10th annual meeting of the American Association for Aerosol Research, Traverse City, MI, October 7-11, 1991.", "abstract": "The temperature history of a char particle that was heated by a carbon dioxide laser to the ignition point was studied in the electrodynamic balance. The ignition characteristics of char particles are an important part of the overall coal combustion process, and the aim of research in this area is to improve efficiency and minimize waste products and pollution in current combustors. The experiments were conducted using 158-210 \u00b5m diameter Spherocarb particles, and 200-300 \u00b5m diameter char particles from a bituminous coal. Individual charged char particles were suspended in the electrodynamic balance and heated by a 420 ms pulse of radiation from a CO_2 laser at a heating rate of approximately 4.5 x 10^3 K/s. The temperature of the particle was measured with an optical pyrometer. The atmosphere in the electrodynamic balance was initially pure nitrogen. The oxygen concentration was slowly increased as successive laser pulses were applied, until the particle ignited. Upon ignition, the particle lost charge and dropped from the center of the balance. The particle temperature profile preceding ignition shows the ignition delay predicted by the general ignition condition of Semenov's thermal explosion theory. The measured temperature traces could be described well by calculations treating the particle as a sphere and using rate parameters given in the literature.", "date": "1995-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Energy and Fuels", "volume": "9", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "484-492", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151007-090426721", "issn": "0887-0624", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151007-090426721", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-89PC89765" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/ef00051a013", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Wong, Brian A.; Gavalas, George R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cc8a6-zdv34", "eprint_id": 59238, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:40:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Russell-L-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Asymmetric Instrument Response Resulting from Mixing Effects in Accelerated DMA-CPC Measurements", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1995 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 3 January 1995; revised 13 April 1995. \n\nThis work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant ATM-9307603 and by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-93-1-0872.", "abstract": "Several method have been proposed to accelerate the measurements made with differential mobility analyzers (DMA), including the Scanning Electrical Mobility Spectrometer (SEMS) and the Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Wang and Flagan (1990) developed a data analysis procedure that accounts for the migration of the particles through a time-varying electric field and the delay associated with transport from the analyzer column outlet to the detection point. Experience using a variety of detectors and scan rates has indicated that the instrument response depends on the plumbing configuration if a condensation particle counter (CPC) is used as a detector. When a sharply peaked distribution is analyzed, the apparent breadth of the measured distribution depends on the detector used and on the scan rate. Size distributions measured with an increasing voltage scan exhibit a tail toward large particle sizes, while decreasing voltage scans produce a more pronounced tail on the small particle end of the distribution. The reduction in peak height with increasing scan rate can be attributed to particle retention in the plumbing between the outlet of the DMA analyzer column and the point in the CPC where the particles are detected optically. This paper examines the smearing of the transfer function of the SEMS as a result of flow non-idealities in the system. A model has been developed to predict the distortion of the transfer function in terms of the particle residence time distribution within the instrument. Results of this model are compared with calibration data as a function of the detector employed and the scan rate. We include laboratory observations of the phenomenon and examine the use of data inversion techniques to retrieve the true size distribution.", "date": "1995-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "23", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "491-509", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-113503042", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-113503042", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-93-1-0872" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786829508965332", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Russell, Lynn M.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9r51g-ave73", "eprint_id": 59234, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 05:34:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhang-Shou-Hua", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Shou-Hua" } }, { "id": "Akutsu-Yoshiaki", "name": { "family": "Akutsu", "given": "Yoshiaki" } }, { "id": "Russell-Lynn-M", "name": { "family": "Russell", "given": "Lynn M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6108-2375" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Radial Differential Mobility Analyzer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1995 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived July 26, 1994; revised December 22, 1994. \n\nThis work was supported by US. Environmental Protect Agency agreement R-819714-01-0, National Science Foundation grant ATM-9307603, and the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-93-1-0872.", "abstract": "A differential mobility analyzer in which particles are classified in a radial flow toward the center of parallel disk electrodes, termed the Radial Differential Mobility Analyzer (RDMA), has been developed. Its classifying characteristics have been determined experimentally using both standard polystyrene latex spheres and mobility-classified aerosol particles over the size range of 3\u2013200 nm. The idealized transfer function for the RDMA differs from that of the conventional cylindrical DMA only by a group of geometrical constants. The RDMA is designed specifically for the measurement of ultrafine aerosol particles, achieving a transmission efficiency of 0.85 to 0.90 in the 3\u201310-nm size range and having a short residence time to limit diffusional broadening of the transfer function. The simple design of the RDMA reduces the number of precision parts that must be fabricated below that for cylindrical DMAs, resulting in a compact, relatively lightweight, and low-cost instrument.", "date": "1995-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "23", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "357-372", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112913411", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112913411", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-819714-01-0" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" }, { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-93-1-0872" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786829508965320", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "Zhang, Shou-Hua; Akutsu, Yoshiaki; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pym14-84954", "eprint_id": 1157, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 10:19:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 22:39:18", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "McClurg-Richard-B", "name": { "family": "McClurg", "given": "Richard B." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Goddard-W-A-III", "name": { "family": "Goddard", "given": "William A., III" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0097-5716" } ] }, "title": "Free energy and surface tension of arbitrarily large Mackay icosahedral clusters", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "FREE ENERGY; SURFACE TENSION; VAN DER WAALS FORCES; VIBRATIONAL STATES; DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; ZERO\u2013POINT ENERGY; ATOMIC CLUSTERS; MOMENT OF INERTIA; POTENTIAL ENERGY; CHEMICAL POTENTIAL; SIZE; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE", "note": "\u00a9 1995 American Institute of Physics. \n\n(Received 26 August 1994; accepted 11 November 1994) \n\nWe thank Dr. Guanhua Chen for helpful discussions, Dr.\nTerry Coley for assistance with the vibrational calculations on large systems, and Dr. Siddharth Dasgupta for modifications to POLYGRAF. R.B M. acknowledges a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Partial support of the work was provided by grants from the NSF (Nos. CHE 91-100289, CTS 91-13191, and ASC 9217368). The computer facilities of the MSC used in this work are also supported by grants from DOE-AICD, Allied-Signal Corp., Asahi Chemical, Asahi Glass, BP America, Chevron, BF Goodrich, Teijin Ltd., Vestar, Hughes Research Laboratories, Xerox, and Beckman Institute.\n\nPublished - MCCjcp95.pdf
", "abstract": "We present a model for predicting the free energy of arbitrarily large Mackay icosahedral clusters. van der Waals clusters are experimentally observed to be particularly stable at magic numbers corresponding to these structures. Explicit calculations on the vibrational states were used to determine the spectrum of fundamental frequencies for smaller (<=561) icosahedral clusters. The scaled cumulative frequency distribution function rapidly approaches a limiting function for large clusters. This function was used to predict zero-point energies and vibrational free energies for larger clusters (>~561 atoms). Combining these predictions with correlations for the moment of inertia and for the minimum potential energy of large clusters leads to free energies of arbitrary large clusters. The free energies are used to predict the chemical potential and surface tension as a function of size and temperature. This connects macroscopic properties to the microscopic atomic parameters.", "date": "1995-02-22", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "102", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "3322-3330", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:MCCjcp95", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:MCCjcp95", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF Graduate Research Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE 91-100289" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS 91-13191" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ASC 9217368" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" }, { "agency": "Allied-Signal" }, { "agency": "Asahi Chemical" }, { "agency": "Asahi Glass" }, { "agency": "BP America" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "BF Goodrich" }, { "agency": "Teijin Ltd." }, { "agency": "Vestar" }, { "agency": "Hughes Research Laboratories" }, { "agency": "Xerox" }, { "agency": "Caltech Beckman Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.469204", "primary_object": { "basename": "MCCjcp95.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pym14-84954/files/MCCjcp95.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1995", "author_list": "McClurg, Richard B.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mv1r9-82731", "eprint_id": 59233, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:56:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rulison-Aaron-J", "name": { "family": "Rulison", "given": "Aaron J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Synthesis of Yttria Powders by Electrospray Pyrolysis", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1994 American Ceramic Society. \n\nReceived August 21, 1992; approved September 27, 1993. \n\nSupported by the National Science Foundation under Grants Nos. CBT8813006 and CTS113191 and by GTE Laboratories, Inc., Waltham, MA.", "abstract": "Electrospray atomization of high-concentration (\u223c400 g/L) chemical precursor solutions was applied to the synthesis of yttria powders. Conditions were found which led to high-quality powders, composed of dense, spheroidal, submicrometer, and nanocrystalline oxide particles. The precursor solutions were hydrated yttrium nitrates dissolved in n-propyl alcohol at concentrations ranging from 44.1 to 455 g/L. Electrospray atomization produced submicrometer precursor droplets which were dispersed in air and carried through an electric furnace for thermal decomposition at 500\u00b0C for several seconds residence time. X-ray powder diffraction patterns indicated the expected cubic phase. Transmission electron micrographs showed that the particle structure varied with solution composition, ranging from hollow, inflated spheres for 6-hydrated nitrates to dense spheroids for 5-hydrated nitrates. The use of 6-hydrated nitrates in the solutions appeared to form particle surfaces which were impermeable to alcohol vapor evolved during thermal decomposition, leading to hollow, inflated spheres.", "date": "1994-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the American Ceramic Society", "volume": "77", "number": "12", "publisher": "Wiley-Blackwell", "pagerange": "3244-3250", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112742439", "issn": "0002-7820", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112742439", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CBT-8813006" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-113191" }, { "agency": "GTE Laboratories" } ] }, "doi": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04577.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Rulison, Aaron J. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rmxbk-zyx71", "eprint_id": 59232, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:47:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rulison-Aaron-J", "name": { "family": "Rulison", "given": "Aaron J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Electrospray Atomization of Electrolytic Solutions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1994 Academic Press. \n\nReceived August 20, 1992; accepted April 5, 1994. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grants CBT9913006 and CTS9113191.", "abstract": "Results of experiments on droplet production by electrospray atomization of electrolytic solutions are described. The spray results from the formation of liquid droplets at the tip of a Taylor cone. These experiments using sodium iodide dissolved in n-propyl alcohol show that as the solution concentration increases, the volumetric flow rate decreases, the electrical current increases, and the aerosol size distribution of the solid residue particles shifts to smaller sizes, a counter-intuitive result which occurs because the atomized droplet size decreases with increasing specific electrical conductivity of the solution. There is no complete analytical description of the electrospray but some analytical insights will be discussed regarding the behavior of its three distinct yet interacting parts: the Taylor cone, the jet, and the charged droplet spray.", "date": "1994-10-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "167", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "135-145", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112600381", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112600381", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CBT-9913006" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-9113191" } ] }, "doi": "10.1006/jcis.1994.1341", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Rulison, Aaron J. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xcpjw-h1956", "eprint_id": 121023, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 10:00:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:07:17", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Dynamics of pyrogenous fumes", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Energy Engineering and Power Technology; Fuel Technology; General Chemical Engineering", "note": "\u00a9 1994 Published by Elsevier.", "abstract": "Theoretical and experimental investigations of the dynamics of aggregate aerosols have been conducted and led to the development of models to describe the kinetics of agglomeration. The agglomeration rate is determined by the mobilities of the agglomerate particles and by their collision cross sections. Agglomerate particles coagulate more rapidly than do dense particles due to their larger collision cross sections. Experimental studies have been conducted to explore a number of aspects of the evolution of aggregate aerosols. The structure-drag relationship has been explored by image analysis of transmission electron micrographs of mobility classified aggregate particles. Structural rearrangements during sintering of aggregates have been explored by heat treating aggregate particles while they are still entrained in the carrier gas. Particles are observed to retain the appearance of fractal clusters of smaller primary particles throughout coalescence that leads to many primary particles from the original particle being incorporated into a single primary particle in the sintered agglomerate. This observation raises serious questions about the inference of mechanisms of particle growth from structure measurements alone.", "date": "1994-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Fuel Processing Technology", "volume": "39", "number": "1-3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "319-336", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953257000.10", "issn": "0378-3820", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953257000.10", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/0378-3820(94)90190-2", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qx901-9zv78", "eprint_id": 3942, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:54:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:13:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rulison-Aaron-J", "name": { "family": "Rulison", "given": "Aaron J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." } } ] }, "title": "Inward electrostatic precipitation of interplanetary particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "PRECIPITATION; ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS; INTERPLANETARY DUST; SPACEBORNE INSTRUMENTS; DESIGN; PERFORMANCE TESTING; CARBON", "note": "\u00a9 1994 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 29 March 1993; accepted 3 March 1994. \n\nThis research was supported under NASA Grant Nos. NAG-1953 and NAGW-1941 and National Science Foundation Grant No. CBT8813006. Contribution No. 5077, Division of Geological and Planetary Science.\n\nPublished - RULrsi94.pdf
", "abstract": "An inward precipitator collects particles initially dispersed in a gas throughout either a cylindrical or spherical chamber onto a small central planchet. The instrument is effective for particle diameters greater than about 1 \u00b5m. One use is the collection of interplanetary dust particles which are stopped in a noble gas (xenon) by drag and ablation after perforating the wall of a thin-walled spacecraft-mounted chamber. First, the particles are positively charged for several seconds by the corona production of positive xenon ions from inward facing needles placed on the chamber wall. Then an electric field causes the particles to migrate toward the center of the instrument and onto the planchet. The collection time (of the order of hours for a 1 m radius spherical chamber) is greatly reduced by the use of optimally located screens which reapportion the electric field. Some of the electric field lines terminate on the wires of the screens so a fraction of the total number of particles in the chamber is lost. The operation of the instrument is demonstrated by experiments which show the migration of carbon soot particles with radius of approximately 1 \u00b5m in a 5-cm-diam cylindrical chamber with a single field enhancing screen toward a 3.2 mm central collection rod.", "date": "1994-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "volume": "65", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "1839-1846", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:RULrsi94", "issn": "0034-6748", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:RULrsi94", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAG-1953" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAGW-1941" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CBT-8813006" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "5077", "name": "Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1144832", "primary_object": { "basename": "RULrsi94.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qx901-9zv78/files/RULrsi94.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Rulison, Aaron J.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vx5yg-1hh22", "eprint_id": 119577, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:44:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:36:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kim-Yong-Pyo", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Yong Pyo" } }, { "id": "Pun-Betty-K-L", "name": { "family": "Pun", "given": "Betty K.-L." } }, { "id": "Chan-Chak-Keung", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chak K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9687-8771" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Determination of Water Activity in Ammonium Sulfate and Sulfuric Acid Mixtures Using Levitated Single Particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; General Materials Science; Environmental Chemistry", "note": "This work was supported by National Science Foundation\ngrant ATM 9307603.", "abstract": "Water activities of ammonium sulfate-sulfuric acid mixtures with ammonium to sulfate molar ratios between 0 and 2 were measured by a spherical void electrodynamic levitator at relative humidities (RH) of 0.18\u20130.90. Since the composition of the solid particles is subject to uncertainty, solution properties were determined relative to the known properties at RH about 0.75\u20130.90. The data were compared with other measurements and the estimates from the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) method and SCAPE, a newly developed gas-particle equilibrium model, and generally were found to be in good agreement.", "date": "1994-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "20", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "275-284", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230228-778223000.1", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230228-778223000.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9307603" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786829408959683", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1994", "author_list": "Kim, Yong Pyo; Pun, Betty K.-L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zztnp-4x533", "eprint_id": 4998, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:33:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 18:03:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Saunders-Winston-A", "name": { "family": "Saunders", "given": "Winston A." } }, { "id": "Sercel-Peter-C", "name": { "family": "Sercel", "given": "Peter C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793" }, { "id": "Lee-Robert-B", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "R. B." } }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Escorcia-Aparcio-Ernesto-J", "name": { "family": "Escorcia-Aparcio", "given": "Ernesto J." } } ] }, "title": "Synthesis of luminescent silicon clusters by spark ablation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "SILICON; SOLID CLUSTERS; NANOSTRUCTURES; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SYNTHESIS; ELECTRIC SPARKS; ABLATION; ELECTRON MICROSCOPY", "note": "\u00a9 1993 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 26 February 1993; accepted for publication 8 July 1993. \n\nWe acknowledge support by the NSF Contract No. CTS-8912328. P.C.S. acknowledges support by AT&T.\n\nPublished - SAUapl93.pdf
", "abstract": "The synthesis of luminescent nanometer-scale Si clusters by spark ablation from a crystalline Si substrate is described. The cluster source, described in the text, generates clusters in a flowing Ar stream at atmospheric pressure. Electron microscopy reveals that the clusters have diameters in the 2-4 nm size range. The luminescence spectra of the clusters, similar to that of porous Si, are presented.", "date": "1993-09-13", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "63", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "1549-1551", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SAUapl93", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SAUapl93", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-8912328" }, { "agency": "AT&T Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.110745", "primary_object": { "basename": "SAUapl93.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zztnp-4x533/files/SAUapl93.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Saunders, Winston A.; Sercel, Peter C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/khvd3-pyk03", "eprint_id": 5751, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:26:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 19:23:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" }, { "id": "Saunders-Winston-A", "name": { "family": "Saunders", "given": "Winston A." } }, { "id": "Tsai-Charles-S", "name": { "family": "Tsai", "given": "Charles S." } }, { "id": "Sercel-Peter-C", "name": { "family": "Sercel", "given": "Peter C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793" }, { "id": "Kuech-Tom-F", "name": { "family": "Kuech", "given": "Tom" } }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Lower-dimensional quantum structures by selective growth and gas-phase nucleation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "NUCLEATION; GALLIUM ARSENIDES; SILICON; SOLID CLUSTERS; QUANTUM DOTS; QUANTUM WIRES; USES; FABRICATION", "note": "\u00a9 1993 American Vacuum Society \n\n(Received 3 February 1993; accepted 1 April 1993)\n\nPublished - VAHjvstb93.pdf
", "abstract": "There is increasing interest in the potential application of quantum dots and quantum wires to various solid state devices. In this article, the physics of lower-dimensional quantum structures will be reviewed with emphasis on applications. In addition, two fabrication approaches under investigation at Caltech will be discussed. The first is based on selective nucleation of III\u2013V semiconductors on a patterned host substrate and the second is gas-phase nucleation of III\u2013V clusters. Recent results on formation of nanocrystal GaAs and silicon clusters in the gas phase are presented.", "date": "1993-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B", "volume": "11", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Vacuum Society", "pagerange": "1660-1666", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:VAHjvstb93", "issn": "1071-1023", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:VAHjvstb93", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1116/1.586499", "primary_object": { "basename": "VAHjvstb93.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/khvd3-pyk03/files/VAHjvstb93.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Vahala, Kerry J.; Saunders, Winston A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/te4m3-bb341", "eprint_id": 121026, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:24:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:53:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Palen-Edward-J", "name": { "family": "Palen", "given": "Edward J." } }, { "id": "Allen-David-T", "name": { "family": "Allen", "given": "David T." } }, { "id": "Pandis-Spyros-N", "name": { "family": "Pandis", "given": "Spyros N." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8085-9795" }, { "id": "Paulson-Suzanne-E", "name": { "family": "Paulson", "given": "Suzanne" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0855-7615" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Fourier transform infrared analysis of aerosol formed in the photooxidation of 1-octene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Earth and Planetary Sciences; General Environmental Science", "note": "\u00a9 1993 Published by Elsevier. \n\nThis work was supported, in part, by National Science Foundation grant ATM-9003186 and by the Environmental Protection Agency under Assistance Agreement CR-812771, to the National Center for Intermedia Transport Research. \n\nAlthough the information in this document has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.", "abstract": "The chemical composition of aerosol generated in the photooxidation of 1-octene was examined using infrared microscopy interfaced with a low pressure impactor. The low pressure impactor segregated the aerosol into eight size fractions and deposited the aerosol onto ZnSe impaction substrates. The ZnSe surfaces were transparent in the mid-infrared region and therefore allowed direct analysis of the aerosol, with no extraction, using infrared microscopy. Infrared spectra of the size segregated aerosol showed strong absorbances due to ketone, alcohol, carboxylic acid and organonitrate functional groups. Absorbance features were relatively independent of particle size, with the exception of the carboxylic acid absorbances, which were found only in the largest aerosol size fractions. Molar loadings for each of the groups were estimated, based on model compound calibration standards. The molar loadings indicate that most aerosol species are multifunctional, with an average of one ketone group per molecule, an alcohol group in two of every three molecules and an organonitrate group in one of every three molecules.", "date": "1993-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment Part A-General Topics", "volume": "27", "number": "9", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1471-1477", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953290000.15", "issn": "0960-1686", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953290000.15", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "CR-812771" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0960-1686(93)90133-j", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Palen, Edward J.; Allen, David T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s8x6r-kgb47", "eprint_id": 3941, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:16:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:13:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rulison-A-J", "name": { "family": "Rulison", "given": "Aaron J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Scale-up of electrospray atomization using linear arrays of Taylor cones", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "ELECTRODES; ATOMIZATION; DROPLETS; SPRAYS; DESIGN; LIQUIDS; ELECTROJETS; ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS", "note": "\u00a9 1993 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 25 August 1992; accepted 23 October 1992. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CTS9113191.\n\nPublished - RULrsi93.pdf
", "abstract": "Linear arrays of Taylor cones were established on capillary electrode tubes opposite a slotted flat plate counterelectrode to investigate the feasibility of increasing the liquid throughput rate in electrospray atomizers. It was found that individual Taylor cones could be established on each capillary over a wide range of the capillary radius to spacing ratio R/S. The onset potential Vs required to establish the cones varied directly with R/S, but the liquid flow rate per cone and current per cone were nearly independent of R/S for a given overpotential ratio P=V/Vs. Only six working capillaries were used, but the results per cone are applicable to larger arrays of cones since end effects were minimized.", "date": "1993-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "volume": "64", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "683-686", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:RULrsi93", "issn": "0034-6748", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:RULrsi93", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-9113191" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1144197", "primary_object": { "basename": "RULrsi93.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/s8x6r-kgb47/files/RULrsi93.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Rulison, Aaron J. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g3ab2-w2t52", "eprint_id": 121028, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:17:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:07:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rulison-Aaron-J", "name": { "family": "Rulison", "given": "Aaron J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Scale\u2010up of electrospray atomization using linear arrays of Taylor cones", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Instrumentation", "note": "\u00a9 1993 American Institute of Physics. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. CTS9113191.\n\nPublished - 683_1_online.pdf
", "abstract": "Linear arrays of Taylor cones were established on capillary electrode tubes opposite a slotted flat plate counterelectrode to investigate the feasibility of increasing the liquid throughput rate in electrospray atomizers. It was found that individual Taylor cones could be established on each capillary over a wide range of the capillary radius to spacing ratio R/S. The onset potential V\u209b required to establish the cones varied directly with R/S, but the liquid flow rate per cone and current per cone were nearly independent of R/S for a given overpotential ratio P=V/V\u209b. Only six working capillaries were used, but the results per cone are applicable to larger arrays of cones since end effects were minimized.", "date": "1993-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "volume": "64", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "683-686", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953309000.18", "issn": "0034-6748", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953309000.18", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-9113191" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1144197", "primary_object": { "basename": "683_1_online.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/g3ab2-w2t52/files/683_1_online.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Rulison, Aaron J. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b0b5r-xfe15", "eprint_id": 121027, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:17:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:52:57", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Saunders-Winston-A", "name": { "family": "Saunders", "given": "Winston A." } }, { "id": "Sercel-Peter-C", "name": { "family": "Sercel", "given": "Peter C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" } ] }, "title": "The role of Ga-droplet formation in nanometer-scale GaAs cluster synthesis from organometallic precursors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics", "note": "\u00a9 1993 Springer.", "abstract": "Recently we demonstrated the formation of crystalline nanometer scale GaAs clusters from organometallic precursors using an aerosol process derived from organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE) [P. C. Sercelet al., Appl Phys. Lett.61, 696 (1992)]. Here, we explore the influence of precracking the Ga precursor (trimethyl-gallium), forming nanometer scale Ga droplets, prior to introduction of AsH3 to the reaction. We find the GaAs clusters so formed have an entirely different morphology than do those formed when the reactants are pre-mixed prior to reaction. This data supports our earlier contention that homogeneous nucleation is the dominant reaction mechanism for the formation of the clusters.", "date": "1993-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters", "volume": "26", "number": "S1", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "219-221", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953302000.17", "issn": "0178-7683", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953302000.17", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1007/bf01425670", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Saunders, Winston A.; Sercel, Peter C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vzr8v-3jn11", "eprint_id": 119590, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:11:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:36:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhang-Shou-Hua", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Shou-Hua" } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Determination of Particle Vapor Pressures Using the Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; General Materials Science; Environmental Chemistry", "note": "This work was supported by the Coordinating Research Council, project AQ-3-2, and National Science Foundation grant ATM-9003186.", "abstract": "The application of the tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) as a means of measuring vapor pressures of aerosol species is extended to include vapor saturation effects in the particle evaporator. To verify the analysis experiments were conducted with the controlled evaporation of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) particles with initial sizes ranging from 60 to 95 nm in diameter in a laminar flow evaporator. Vapor pressures of DOP determined with the TDMA were found to agree within 14% of those available in the literature. The results presented enable the use of the TDMA as a means to determine particle vapor pressure for substantially higher particle number concentrations than previously reported.", "date": "1993-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "19", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "3-14", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230301-140914000.1", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230301-140914000.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "AQ-3-2" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786829308959616", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Zhang, Shou-Hua; Seinfeld, John H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rhkw0-80625", "eprint_id": 59231, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:15:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rogak-Steven-N", "name": { "family": "Rogak", "given": "Steven N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4418-517X" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Nguyen-Hung-V", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "Hung V." } } ] }, "title": "The Mobility and Structure of Aerosol Agglomerates", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1993 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 5 May 1991; accepted July 10, 1992. \n\nThis research was supported by the International Fine Particle Research Institute and by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DE-FG22-90PC90286.", "abstract": "The relation between the aerosol agglomerate structure and transition regime mobility can be explained with a simple model incorporating fractal geometry and results from computer simulations. The model is consistent with previous measurements of the shape factors and allows some structural information to be inferred from these measurements, although the data are insufficient for a rigorous comparison between theory and experiment. Experiments conducted here with well-characterized TiO_2 and Si agglomerates support the model' assumption that the mobility diameter of a particle in the free-molecule regime is determined solely by the projected area of the particle. The correlation between the projected area and the mobility equivalent size remains remarkably good throughout the transition regime for the agglomerate particles studied here. The model predicts this result for particles with fractal dimensions of approximately D_f = 2", "date": "1993-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "18", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "25-47", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112413439", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112413439", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "International Fine Particle Research Institute" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-90PC90286" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786829308959582", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Rogak, Steven N.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v24hf-vdx72", "eprint_id": 50915, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 02:00:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:38:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhang-Shou-Hua", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Shou-Hua" } }, { "id": "Shaw-Martha", "name": { "family": "Shaw", "given": "Martha" } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Photochemical aerosol formation from \u03b1-pinene- and \u03b2-pinene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1992 American Geophysical Union.\n\nReceived June 1, 1992; revised August 21, 1992; accepted September 1, 1992.\n\nThis work was supported by the Coordinating Research Council, project AQ-3-2, and National Science Foundation grant ATM-9003186.\n\nPublished - jgrd2425.pdf
", "abstract": "Aerosol formation from \u03b1-pinene and \u03b2-pinene was studied in a series of outdoor smog chamber experiments. Since a previous study focused on \u03b2-pinene (Pandis et al., 1991), more attention was given here to \u03b1-pinene. The initial hydrocarbon and NO\u2093 concentrations ranged from 37 to 582 ppb and 31 to 380 ppb, respectively. The aerosol carbon yield, the fraction of the carbon initially present that is converted to aerosol, varied from 0 to 5.3% for \u03b1-pinene, depending on the initial hydrocarbon-to-NO\u2093 ratio. Dual-bag experiments demonstrate that \u03b1-pinene is more rapidly photooxidized, and produces higher yields of both aerosol and ozone in a given period of time than \u03b2-pinene, although given sufficient time \u03b2-pinene can produce equivalent aerosol yields. Although aerosol formation solely from isoprene photooxidation was found in a previous study to be negligible under ambient conditions, the addition of isoprene to the \u03b1-pinene/NO\u2093 system leads to an increased aerosol yield through the enhanced photochemical activity generated.", "date": "1992-12-20", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres", "volume": "97", "number": "D18", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "pagerange": "20717-20729", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-091812090", "issn": "2169-897X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141028-091812090", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "AQ-3-2" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" } ] }, "doi": "10.1029/92JD02156", "primary_object": { "basename": "jgrd2425.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v24hf-vdx72/files/jgrd2425.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Zhang, Shou-Hua; Shaw, Martha; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nzs80-71e45", "eprint_id": 121034, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 09:01:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:21:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rogak-Steven-N", "name": { "family": "Rogak", "given": "Steven N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4418-517X" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Bipolar diffusion charging of spheres and agglomerate aerosol particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; Atmospheric Science; Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes; Mechanical Engineering; Environmental Engineering", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Published by Elsevier. \n\nThis research was supported by the International Fine Particle Research Institute. TEM micrographs by M. Richmond were greatly appreciated.", "abstract": "The effect of particle shape on the diffusion charging of aerosols was investigated. The charging-equivalent sphere diameter d_(QE), found previously to be much larger than the mobility diameter d\u2098, may be related to the uncharged fraction of particles leaving a bipolar diffusion charger. This fraction was measured for three types of particles classified by electrical mobility: polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres, ammonium sulfate spheres and TiO\u2082 agglomerates of 10\u201320 nm primary particles. The uncharged fraction was \u223c5% lower for the agglomerates than for spheres with the same mobility, for size range 100 < d\u2098 < 800 nm. This implies that d_(QE) \u223c 1.1 dm for the agglomerates, which is a smaller difference between d_(QE) and d\u2098 than reported by previous studies, but is consistent with the theoretical predictions (Laframboise and Chang, 1977, J. Aerosol Sci.8, 331\u2013338).", "date": "1992-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "23", "number": "7", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "693-710", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953373000.25", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953373000.25", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "International Fine Particle Research Institute" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-8502(92)90037-v", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Rogak, Steven N. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2xkse-5v907", "eprint_id": 5718, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:56:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 19:22:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sercel-Peter-C", "name": { "family": "Sercel", "given": "Peter C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793" }, { "id": "Saunders-Winston-A", "name": { "family": "Saunders", "given": "Winston A." } }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Nanometer-scale GaAs clusters from organometallic precursors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "GALLIUM ARSENIDES; MICROPARTICLES; SOLID CLUSTERS; GROWTH; VAPOR PHASE EPITAXY; SYNTHESIS; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY; TEMPERATURE EFFECTS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; REACTION KINETICS", "note": "\u00a9 1992 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived: 23 March 1992; accepted: 26 May 1992. \n\nThis work was supported by NSF Grant No. CTS-8912328 and the Powell Foundation. PCS acknowledges support by the ATT Foundation.\n\nPublished - SERapl92.pdf
", "abstract": "We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters by homogeneous vapor-phase nucleation from organometallic precursors. Cluster synthesis is performed in a hot wall organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy reactor at atmospheric pressure. High resolution transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that the aerosol produced is composed of highly faceted single crystal GaAs particles in the 10\u201320 nm range. The influence of growth temperature and reactant concentration on cluster morphology is discussed.", "date": "1992-08-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "61", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "696-698", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SERapl92", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SERapl92", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-8912328" }, { "agency": "AT&T Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.107825", "primary_object": { "basename": "SERapl92.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2xkse-5v907/files/SERapl92.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Sercel, Peter C.; Saunders, Winston A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/md1s7-dmt54", "eprint_id": 10048, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:55:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 22:38:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Saunders-Winston-A", "name": { "family": "Saunders", "given": "Winston A." } }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Resonance-enhanced spontaneous emission from quantum dots", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURES, SPONTANEOUS EMISSION, RESONANCE, ALUMINUM ARSENIDES, GALLIUM ARSENIDES, WAVELENGTHS, SPHERES", "note": "\u00a9 1992 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 3 January 1992; accepted 8 April 1992. \n\nHelpful discussions with Peter Sercel, John Lebens, and Charles Tsai are acknowledged. This work was supported by the NSF (CTS-8912328).\n\nPublished - SAUjap92.pdf
", "abstract": "Enhanced and inhibited spontaneous emission from a pointlike quantum dot embedded in a finite dielectric sphere are treated classically. Numerical results given for a GaAs quantum dot embedded in an Al_(0.4)Ga_(0.6)As sphere show the spontaneous emission rate is decreased by a factor of 80 when the radius of the sphere is small compared to the wavelength of emitted light. When the radius of the sphere is comparable to the wavelength, the spontaneous emission rate depends strongly on the radius. Sharp resonances, related to Mie resonances, with enhancements up to a factor of 100, are found in some cases.", "date": "1992-07-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Applied Physics", "volume": "72", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "806-808", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SAUjap92", "issn": "0021-8979", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SAUjap92", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-8912328" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.351818", "primary_object": { "basename": "SAUjap92.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/md1s7-dmt54/files/SAUjap92.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Saunders, Winston A.; Vahala, Kerry J.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e1ehb-v1f04", "eprint_id": 59228, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:22:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rogak-Steven-N", "name": { "family": "Rogak", "given": "Steven N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4418-517X" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Coagulation of aerosol agglomerates in the transition regime", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Elsevier. \n\nReceived May 8, 1991; accepted November 13, 1991. \n\nThis research was supported by the International Fine Particle Research Institute and by the U.S. Department of Energy under Grants DE-FG22-90PC90286 and DE-AC22-86PC90751. Comments made by B. Dominik and B. Wyslouzil during the preparation of this work are greatly appreciated.", "abstract": "Aerosol agglomerates are produced by homogeneous nucleation and Brownian coagulation. Coagulation models developed previously for spheres may be applicable to the initial stages of growth in which the colliding particles coalesce rapidly. Particles larger than a critical size d_1 are expected not to coalesce, leading to the formation of fractal-like agglomerates of dense primary particles. To describe coagulation in such systems, it is necessary to predict the mobilities, collision diameters, and mean free paths of agglomerate particles having sizes comparable to the gas mean free path \u03bb. Using existing data on particle mobility and structure, these quantities are obtained for model agglomerates with fractal dimensions D_f in the range 1 < D_f < 3. For D_f \u223c 1.8, the resulting coagulation-frequency function K is found to be significantly higher than for spheres with the same mobility and material density \u03c1, in part because of the low effective density of the agglomerates. Numerical solutions of the coagulation equation show that as the aerosol grows from coalescing particles past the critical primary-particle size d1, both the width of the size distribution, \u03c3_g, and the coagulation rate increase. For aerosols where the average particle is much larger than f_1, both \u03c3g and the coagulation rate are reduced. Although the growth is affected by D_f, f_1, \u03bb, and \u03c1, results for large agglomerates are consistent with similarity solutions using a simplified collision-frequency function. For the simplified coagulation-frequency function it is assumed that the agglomerates are smaller than \u03bb but much larger than the agglomerate mean free paths.", "date": "1992-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "151", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "203-224", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112114047", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112114047", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "International Fine Particle Research Institute" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-90PC90286" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC22-86PC90751" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(92)90252-H", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Rogak, Steven N. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sxfvp-6rx40", "eprint_id": 59226, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 01:22:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chan-Chak-Keung", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chak K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9687-8771" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Water activities of NH\u2084NO\u2083/(NH\u2084)\u2082SO\u2084 solutions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Water activities, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Elsevier. \n\n(First received 27 July 1991 and in final form 12 November 1991) \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation grant ATM-9003186.", "abstract": "Water activities for mixed ammonium nitrate/ammonium sulfate solutions at relative humidities of 0.35\u20130.75 were measured using a spherical void electrodynamic balance. The concentrations of singly levitated droplets of nitrate to sulfate mole ratio of n = 1/5, 1/3, 1/2, 1, 2 and 4 in equilibrium with an ambient environment of prescribed relative humidity were measured. To avoid uncertainty in determining the composition of the solid particles, solution properties were determined relative to the known properties at about 80% relative humidity. The concentration of this reference state was estimated by three models of mixed electrolyte solutions, the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR), the Kusik and Meissner (KM) and the Pitzer models. The measured total mass fraction of solute of the mixed solutions differed by less than 0.5% when different models were used to calculate the reference state concentration. The water activity data were obtained at ionic strengths as high as 108 molal and used to evaluate predictions from these three models. For n = 1/5 and 1/3, deviations of model predictions from experimental data are within 2%. Generally, predictions of the ZSR model are most consistent with our data. Maximum deviations occur at n=2; 6% for ZSR, 8% for KM and 5% for Pitzer. The deviations can be attributed to binary and ternary solute-solute interactions that the ZSR, KM and elementary version of the Pitzer models do not consider. However, no simple characterization of the interaction parameters is possible; they seem to be strong functions of the fractional ionic strength of the solute and the total ionic strength of the solutions.", "date": "1992-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment Part A-General Topics", "volume": "26", "number": "9", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1661-1673", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111952094", "issn": "0960-1686", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111952094", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0960-1686(92)90065-S", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Chan, Chak K.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mesf9-mb971", "eprint_id": 119600, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:49:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:59:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Palen-Edward-J", "name": { "family": "Palen", "given": "Edward J." } }, { "id": "Allen-David-T", "name": { "family": "Allen", "given": "David T." } }, { "id": "Pandis-Spyros-N", "name": { "family": "Pandis", "given": "Spyros N." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8085-9795" }, { "id": "Paulson-Suzanne-E", "name": { "family": "Paulson", "given": "Suzanne E." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0855-7615" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Fourier transform infrared analysis of aerosol formed in the photo-oxidation of isoprene and \u03b2-pinene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Earth and Planetary Sciences; General Environmental Science", "note": "This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant ATM-9003186 and by the Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreement CR-812771 to the National Center for Intermedia Transport Research. \n\nAlthough the information in this document has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistant agreement CR-812771 to the National Center for Intermedia Transport Research, it does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.", "abstract": "The chemical composition of smog-chamber aerosol generated during the photo-oxidation of isoprene and \u03b2-pinene was probed using infrared (i.r.) microscopy interfaced with a low pressure impactor. The low-pressure impactor employed ZnSe impaction surfaces which allowed direct analysis, with no extraction, using i.r. microscopy. The low detection limits of this technique, coupled with direct sample analysis, permitted the chemical analysis of aerosol generated at low to moderate hydrocarbon and ozone loadings. The quantitative analysis of the i.r. spectra is limited, in part, by the absence of calibration standards, however, it is clear that the biogenic aerosols generated in this work were liquid mixtures containing ketone, aldehyde, alcohol and organonitrate functional groups. Molar loadings of each of these functional groups were estimated for nine smog-chamber experiments. For aerosol formed in isoprene photo-oxidation, aldehyde and ketone groups dominated (1.8 groups per average molecule) while for aerosol formed in \u03b2-pinene photo-oxidation, alcohols and ketones dominated (a combined 2.7 groups per average molecule).", "date": "1992-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment Part A-General Topics", "volume": "26", "number": "7", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1239-1251", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230301-108334100.1", "issn": "0960-1686", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230301-108334100.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "CR-812771" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0960-1686(92)90385-x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Palen, Edward J.; Allen, David T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rwptx-kmk16", "eprint_id": 3619, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:44:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:03:35", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Saunders-W-A", "name": { "family": "Saunders", "given": "Winston A." } }, { "id": "Sercel-P-C", "name": { "family": "Sercel", "given": "Peter C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Vapor phase synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "GALLIUM ARSENIDES; SIZE EFFECT; CRYSTAL GROWTH FROM VAPORS; EXPLOSIONS; EVAPORATION; NUCLEATION; CONFINEMENT; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; MICROPARTICLES", "note": "\u00a9 1992 American Institute of Physics.\n\nReceived 9 October 1991; accepted 10 December 1991. \n\nWe acknowledge support by the NSF Contract CTS-8912328 and the Powell Foundation. P.C.S. acknowledges support by AT&T.\n\nPublished - SAUapl92.pdf
", "abstract": "We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer-scale GaAs clusters in the 5-10 nm size regime. The clusters are formed by the homogeneous nucleation of a nonequilibrium vapor created by the explosive vaporization of a bulk GaAs sample in an inert atmosphere. High resolution electron microscopy and diffraction show that the clusters have zincblende crystal structure and are faceted. Optical measurements on the particles are suggestive of quantum confinement effects.", "date": "1992-02-24", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "60", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "950-952", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SAUapl92", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SAUapl92", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-8912328" }, { "agency": "Charles Lee Powell Foundation" }, { "agency": "AT&T Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.106471", "primary_object": { "basename": "SAUapl92.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rwptx-kmk16/files/SAUapl92.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Saunders, Winston A.; Sercel, Peter C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0mrrj-zaa65", "eprint_id": 121035, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:44:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:07:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Saunders-Winston-A", "name": { "family": "Saunders", "given": "Winston A." } }, { "id": "Sercel-Peter-C", "name": { "family": "Sercel", "given": "Peter C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1734-3793" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Vapor phase synthesis of crystalline nanometer\u2010scale GaAs clusters", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)", "note": "\u00a9 1992 American Institute of Physics. \n\nWe acknowledge support by the NSF Contract CTS-8912328 and the Powell Foundation. P.C.S. acknowledges support by AT&T.", "abstract": "We report the synthesis of crystalline nanometer\u2010scale GaAs clusters in the 5\u201310 nm size regime. The clusters are formed by the homogeneous nucleation of a nonequilibrium vapor created by the explosive vaporization of a bulk GaAs sample in an inert atmosphere. High resolution electron microscopy and diffraction show that the clusters have zincblende crystal structure and are faceted. Optical measurements on the particles are suggestive of quantum confinement effects.", "date": "1992-02-24", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "60", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "950-952", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953382000.26", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-953382000.26", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-8912328" }, { "agency": "Charles Lee Powell Foundation" }, { "agency": "AT&T" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.106471", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Saunders, Winston A.; Sercel, Peter C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ez5zf-nx608", "eprint_id": 59224, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:56:44", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:49", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Paulson-Suzanne-E", "name": { "family": "Paulson", "given": "Suzanne E." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0855-7615" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene part I: The hydroxyl radical and ground state atomic oxygen reactions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. \n\nReceived July 9, 1991. Accepted August 7, 1991. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-9003186. One of the authors (S.E.P.) gratefully acknowledges the support of a Dissertation Fellowship from the American Association of University Women. The authors also appreciate helpful discussions with W.P.L. Carter and R. Atkinson of the University of California at Riverside.", "abstract": "The OH reaction with isoprene is studied. Methyl nitrite photolysis experiments were carried out in an outdoor smog chamber in an attempt to identify as completely as possible OH-isoprene product distribution. Emphasis was placed on identification and quantification of oxygenated products. A Tenax-based cryo-trap thermal desorber used to trap, concentrate, and dry chamber samples for identification on a GC/MS is described. Analysis of the products revealed that O(\u00b3P) can form in reaction systems designed to study OH reactions that include high concentrations of NO, and consequently NO\u2082, hence, this reaction is also examined. The yields of methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone are determined as 25 \u00b1 3 and 35.5 \u00b1 4%, respectively, with an additional 4 \u00b1 2% as 3-methyl furan, totaling 65 \u00b1 4%. These results, combined with those of previous studies allow 80% of isoprene's products to be explicitly identified, and the general structure of the remaining products to be ascertained. The O(\u00b3P) reaction produces 84 \u00b1 8% epoxides, and 8 \u00b1 3% species which result in production of HO\u2082, and subsequently, OH. A heretofore unidentified product of the O(\u00b3P) reaction, 2-methyl 2-butenal, is identified. The rate constant of the NO\u2082-isoprene reaction is measured.", "date": "1992-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "International Journal of Chemical Kinetics", "volume": "24", "number": "1", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "79-101", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111659703", "issn": "0538-8066", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111659703", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" }, { "agency": "American Association of University Women" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/kin.550240109", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Paulson, Suzanne E.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qawpd-w2n12", "eprint_id": 59225, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:56:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Paulson-Suzanne-E", "name": { "family": "Paulson", "given": "Suzanne E." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0855-7615" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene part II: The ozone-isoprene reaction", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1992 John Wiley & Sons. \n\nReceived July 9, 1991; Accepted August 7, 1991. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-9003186. One of the authors (S.E.P.) gratefully acknowledges the support of a Dissertation Fellowship from the American Association of University Women. The authors also appreciate helpful discussions with R. Atkinson and W P. L. Carter of the University of California at Riverside.", "abstract": "A series of experiments have been performed to study the ozone-isoprene reaction in a smog chamber by adding externally produced O_3 to the hydrocarbon in the dark. A chemical tracer, methyl cyclohexane, was added to probe the OH formation in the system. O(^3P) formation was also examined using the known distribution of products that are unique to the O(^3P)-isoprene reaction (part I). The results provide clear evidence that both OH and O(^3P) are produced by the O_3-isoprene reaction directly in large quantities; about 0.68 \u00b1 0.15 and 0.45 \u00b1 0.20 per O_3-isoprene reaction, respectively. These additional radicals severely complicate the analysis of the O_3 reaction, hence, computer kinetic modeling was necessary to ascertain the products of the O\u2083 reaction itself, corrected for OH and O(\u00b3P) reactions. The product distribution, which differs dramatically from that published previously, is: 67 \u00b1 9% methacrolein, 26 \u00b1 6% methyl vinyl ketone, and 7 \u00b1 3% propene, accounting for 100 \u00b1 10% of the reacted isoprene. Applicability of these results to the gas-phase O\u2083 reaction with other unsaturated hydrocarbons is briefly discussed.", "date": "1992-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "International Journal of Chemical Kinetics", "volume": "24", "number": "1", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "103-125", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111822807", "issn": "0538-8066", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111822807", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" }, { "agency": "American Association of University Women" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/kin.550240110", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Paulson, Suzanne E.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e85q6-9bv23", "eprint_id": 65070, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:37:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:10:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Shih-Chen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Shih Chen" } }, { "id": "Paulson-S-E", "name": { "family": "Paulson", "given": "Suzanne E." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0855-7615" }, { "id": "Grosjean-D", "name": { "family": "Grosjean", "given": "Daniel" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol formation and growth in atmospheric organic/NO_x systems\u2014I. Outdoor smog chamber studies of C_7- and C_8-hydrocarbons", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "organic aerosols; photochemical smog", "note": "\u00a9 1991 Elsevier. \n\n(First received 6 December 1990 and in final form 9 May 1991). \n\nThis work was supported by the Coordinating Research Council, project AP-6. Assistance in conducting the smog chamber experiments by Fangdong Yin is appreciated. The authors also wish to acknowledge Rudi Karch and Wolfgang Winklmayr from the University of Vienna for their contributions to the aerosol measurements. The authors also wish to thank Christoph Schaffner and Walter Giger of Swiss Federal Institute of Water Resources and Water Pollution Control (EAWAG) in Diibendorf, Switzerland, for carrying out the GC-MS analysis of the aerosol samples.", "abstract": "Outdoor smog chamber experiments have been performed to determine the aerosol-forming potential of selected C_7- and C_8-hydrocarbons in sunlight-irradiated hydrocarbon-NO_x mixtures. Measured aerosol size distributions were used to determine the rates of gas-to-particle conversion and to study the effects of the addition of SO_2 and/or NH_3 on aerosol formation and growth. The average aerosol yields by mass for the hydrocarbons studied were (the range of measured values for methylcyclohexane and 1-octene are in parentheses):\n\n\u2022 methylcyclohexane 9.2% (0.12\u201318.8);\n\u2022 1-octene 4.2% (0.17\u20136.9);\n\u2022 toluene 18.6%;\n\u2022 n-octane <0.001%.\n\nThe average yields are accompanied by large standard deviations (see Table 3) and depended strongly on the conditions, particularly the hydrocarbon to NO_x initial concentration ratio. Addition of SO_2 to the organic/NO_x systems led to an early nucleation burst and subsequent rapid growth of the newly formed aerosol. In the presence of NH_3, the gas-to-particle conversion rate of the organic/NO_x system was enhanced perhaps due to the formation of NH_4NO_3 or the reaction of NH_3 with carboxylic acids. Sustained particle formation was observed when both SO_2 and NH_3 were present, presumably as a result of (NH_4)_2SO_4 formation. We have estimated the complexity of the 1-octene aerosol and identified 5-propyl furanone as a component of the aerosol.", "date": "1992", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment Part A-General Topics", "volume": "26A", "number": "3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "403-420", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160303-162819560", "issn": "0960-1686", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160303-162819560", "rights": "***You are granted permission for individual, educational, research and non-commercial reproduction, distribution, display and performance of this work in any format.***", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "AP-6" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0960-1686(92)90326-G", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Wang, Shih Chen; Paulson, Suzanne E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/z0mtb-jty36", "eprint_id": 65069, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:37:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:10:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Shih-Chen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Shih Chen" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol formation and growth in atmospheric organic/NO\u03c7 systems\u2014II. Aerosol dynamics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "organic aerosols; nucleation; condensation", "note": "\u00a9 1991 Elsevier. \n\n(First received 6 December 1990 and in final form 9 May 1991). \n\nThis work was supported by the Coordinating Research Council, project AP-6.", "abstract": "Aerosol dynamics that were observed in the outdoor smog chamber experiments described in Wang et al. (1992, Atmospheric Environment, 26A, 403-420) are simulated by numerical solution of the aerosol general dynamic equation. The vapor source generation rate was estimated directly from the experimental measurements assuming a single surrogate condensing species for each hydrocarbon studied. Sensitivity analysis of the simulated aerosol dynamics to various input parameters revealed that the physical properties of the condensing vapor are important in determining the interplay between nucleation and condensation while the vapor source generation rate is the only factor that determines the eventual total amount of vapor converted to aerosol. The simulations suggest that over 99% of the mass of condensible vapor is converted to aerosol by condensation even when a significant burst of nucleation occurs.", "date": "1992", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment Part A-General Topics", "volume": "26A", "number": "3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "421-434", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160303-162355453", "issn": "0960-1686", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160303-162355453", "rights": "***You are granted permission for individual, educational, research and non-commercial reproduction, distribution, display and performance of this work in any format.***", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "AP-6" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0960-1686(92)90327-H", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Wang, Shih Chen; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/znpy6-zgw76", "eprint_id": 59230, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:49:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:13:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rogak-Steven-N", "name": { "family": "Rogak", "given": "Steven N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4418-517X" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Characterization of the Structure of Agglomerate Particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1992 Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. \n\n(Received : 10 May 1991) \n\nThis work was supported by the International Fine Particle Research Institute and by the U. S. Department of Energy under grant Nos. DE-FG22-90PC90286 and DE-AC22-86PC90751.", "abstract": "Agglomerates of uniformly sized primary spheres are found in many aerosol and colloidal systems. Such particles have been described as fractal although they possess selfsimilarity over only a narrow range of length scales. Previous work suggests that, for such objects, ideal fractal scaling laws may require substantial corrections. The problem is particularly acute for measurements of particle structure from 2d images. The relation between the structure of an agglomerate and the characteristics of its projection is investigated using simple analytical models and clusters generated by a modified cluster cluster aggregation simulation. The morphology of the simulated clusters is varied by changing the ratio of masses of the colliding clusters. The fractal dimensions D_(f3) of the simulated clusters were typically 10\u201320% higher than those measured for the projections, D_(f2), even though D_(f3) > 2. This difference decreases as the cluster size increases. It was found that the fraction of primary particles visible in the 2d image is more sensitive to cluster size than to fractal dimension for clusters with less than several thousand primary particles.", "date": "1992", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Particle and Particle Systems Characterization", "volume": "9", "number": "1-4", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "19-27", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112247465", "issn": "0934-0866", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-112247465", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "International Fine Particle Research Institute" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-90PC90286" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC22-86PC90751" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/ppsc.19920090104", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Rogak, Steven N. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n5bp1-j1e70", "eprint_id": 88060, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:19:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:40:48", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Nguyen-Hung-V", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "Hung V." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Particle formation and growth in single-stage aerosol reactors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1991 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived August 24, 1990. In Final Form: March 7, 1991. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Grant Number CBT-881306. The help of Carol Garland in the electron microscopy is greatly appreciated.", "abstract": "The feasibility of producing dense particles of a refractory material controlled by reaction of a vapor precursor has been examined experimentally and theoretically. Previous experiments that generated dense, spherical particles of silicon have been repeated with one modification. The peak temperature in the reactor was lowered to minimize sintering of any agglomerates formed early in the reactor. Agglomerate particles were generated with a peak reactor temperature of 1070 K. Raising the peak temperature to 1473 K resulted in nearly complete densification within a hot zone residence time of approximately 1 s. These results suggest that the dense particles previously reported resulted from sintering rather than vapor deposition. A simple model was used to probe the role of coagulation theoretically. Even with severely constrained reaction rates, a high concentration of fine particles was produced in the initial burst of nucleation. Coagulation plays a major role in the subsequent particle growth. The particles formed early in the reactor are efficient scavengers for clusters produced later, so only small clusters are formed after the initial nucleation burst for the conditions modeled. To suppress agglomeration, the number concentration produced by homogeneous nucleation must be reduced before entering the primary growth stage of the reactor. The use of a separate seed generation stage would be preferable to the single-stage reactor for particle growth by vapor deposition.", "date": "1991-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Langmuir", "volume": "7", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1807-1814", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180720-112036421", "issn": "0743-7463", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180720-112036421", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CBT-881306" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/la00056a038", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Nguyen, Hung V. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n96f4-f7n15", "eprint_id": 5484, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:06:30", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 19:14:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wyslouzil-Barbara-E", "name": { "family": "Wyslouzil", "given": "B. E." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9763-5990" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" } ] }, "title": "Binary nucleation in acid\u2013water systems. I. Methanesulfonic acid\u2013water", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "NUCLEATION; SULFONIC ACIDS; WATER VAPOR; MEDIUM TEMPERATURE; PARTICLE SIZE; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; SATURATION", "note": "\u00a9 1991 American Institute of Physics. \n\n(Received 22 October 1990; accepted 29 January 1991) \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Sonia Kreidenweis who provided computer programs used to correlate the physical property data and simulate the experiments. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. ATM-9003186 and by the Alberta Heritage Scholarship Fund (B.E.W.).\n\nPublished - WYSjcp91a.pdf
", "abstract": "Experimental measurements of binary nucleation between methanesulfonic acid and water vapor were carried out for relative acidities (Ra), 0.05", "date": "1991-05-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "94", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "6827-6841", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:WYSjcp91a", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:WYSjcp91a", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" }, { "agency": "Alberta Heritage Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.460261", "primary_object": { "basename": "WYSjcp91a.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n96f4-f7n15/files/WYSjcp91a.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Wyslouzil, B. E.; Seinfeld, J. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gber7-g9w04", "eprint_id": 5485, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:06:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 19:14:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wyslouzil-Barbara-E", "name": { "family": "Wyslouzil", "given": "B. E." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9763-5990" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "K." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" } ] }, "title": "Binary nucleation in acid\u2013water systems. II. Sulfuric acid\u2013water and a comparison with methanesulfonic acid\u2013water", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "NUCLEATION; SULFURIC ACID; WATER VAPOR; KINETICS; SULFONIC ACIDS; PARTICLE SIZE; TEMPERATURE EFFECTS; VAPOR CONDENSATION", "note": "\u00a9 1991 American Institute of Physics \n\n(Received 22 October 1990; accepted 29 January 1991) \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Sonia Kreidenweis who provided computer programs used to correlate the physical property data and simulate the experiments. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. ATM-9003186 and by the Alberta Heritage Scholarship Trust Fund (B.E.W.).\n\nPublished - WYSjcp91b.pdf
", "abstract": "This work presents a systematic investigation of binary nucleation rates for sulfuric acid and water and the effect of temperature on these rates at isothermal, subsaturated conditions. The results from nucleation rate measurements for the sulfuric acid (H2SO4)\u2013water system are discussed and compared to those previously presented for methanesulfonic acid (MSA)\u2013water [B. E. Wyslouzil, J. H. Seinfeld, R. C. Flagan, and K. Okuyama, J. Chem. Phys. (submitted)]. Experiments were conducted at relative humidities (Rh) ranging from 0.006", "date": "1991-05-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "94", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "6842-6850", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:WYSjcp91b", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:WYSjcp91b", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" }, { "agency": "Alberta Heritage Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.460262", "primary_object": { "basename": "WYSjcp91b.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gber7-g9w04/files/WYSjcp91b.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Wyslouzil, B. E.; Seinfeld, J. H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7j03s-92327", "eprint_id": 59223, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 00:00:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Wang-Shih-Chen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Shih Chen" } }, { "id": "Yin-Fangdong", "name": { "family": "Yin", "given": "Fangdong" } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Reischl-G-P", "name": { "family": "Reischl", "given": "George P." } }, { "id": "Winklmayr-W", "name": { "family": "Winklmayr", "given": "Wolfgang" } }, { "id": "Karch-R", "name": { "family": "Karch", "given": "Rudolf" } } ] }, "title": "Electrical Mobility Measurements of Fine-Particle Formation during Chamber Studies of Atmospheric Photochemical Reactions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1991 American Chemical Society\n\nReceived for review July 23, 1990. Accepted December 16, 1990.\n\nThis research was supported through grants from the National\nScience Foundation, the Coordinating Research Council, and\nthe Austrian Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen\nForschung.", "abstract": "New approaches have been applied to electrical mobility measurement of ultrafine aerosol particles in smog chamber studies of secondary aerosol formation. With several mobility classifiers operating in parallel, rapid new particle formation was followed in the photochemical oxidation of dimethyl disulfide. When foreign particles were present before reaction was initiated, multiple bursts of nucleation and oscillations in the concentrations of 3.4-nm particles were observed. Later experiments used the scanning electrical mobility spectrometer to make high-resolution particle size distribution measurements. With this measurement method, the rapid growth of nuclei from their initial appearance at 10-nm size was followed in hydrocarbon/NO_x and hydrocarbon/NO_x/SO_2 reactions. Again, multiple bursts of nucleation were observed in some experiments, and insights were gained into particle growth mechanisms.", "date": "1991-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "25", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "883-890", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111504231", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111504231", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council" }, { "agency": "Fonds zur F\u00f6rderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00017a009", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C.; Wang, Shih Chen; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7dnex-6f010", "eprint_id": 50776, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:56:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 14:29:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rulison-A-J", "name": { "family": "Rulison", "given": "Aaron J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." } }, { "id": "Miller-W-F", "name": { "family": "Miller", "given": "Wayne F." } } ] }, "title": "Ablation of silicate particles in high-speed continuum and transition flow with application to the collection of interplanetary dust particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "interplanetary medium - laboratory spectra", "note": "\u00a9 1991 American Astronomical Society.\nProvided by the NASA Astrophysics Data System.\n\nReceived 1990 May 25; accepted 1990 September 26.\n\nWe thank W. Logsden, B. Langedyk, and J. Vongraey at\nNASA-Ames Research Center and B. Barber at the California\nInstitute of Technology for technical assistance. This research\nwas supported in part by NASA grant NAGW1941, National\nScience Foundation grant number CTS-8813006, and the California\nInstitute of Technology. Contribution # 4870, Division\nof Geological and Planetary Sciences.\n\nPublished - 1991ApJ___371__432R.pdf
", "abstract": "A model for the ablation and deceleration of spheres in continuum and slip flow is presented. Experiments\nwere conducted in which initially spherical 7.1 micron diameter soda-lime glass particles were launched from\nvacuum at ~4500 m s^(-1) through a 0.5 mil (13 micron) plastic film into a capture chamber containing xenon\nat 0.1 and 0.2 atm and 295 K. Samples of ablated particles were collected and inspected using scanning electron\nmicroscopy (SEM). It was found that the ratio of the ablated particle radius (R_f) to the initial radius (R_0)\ndepends on the gas pressure such that at 0.1 atm, R_f/R_0 = 0.67 \u00b1 0.08, and at 0.2 atm, R_f/R_0 = 0.88 \u00b1 0.08.\nThe model agrees with these results if the heat of ablation Q is set to 1.5 \u00b1 0.2 MJ kg^(-1). This value of Q\napproximately corresponds to the energy needed to raise the particle temperature from 295 to 1300 K, the\nworking point of soda-lime glass. This indicates that the mechanism of ablation is melting and blowing of\nmaterial from the particle's surface.", "date": "1991-04-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal", "volume": "371", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "pagerange": "432-442", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20141024-100048909", "issn": "0004-637X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141024-100048909", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAGW1941" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-8813006" }, { "agency": "Caltech" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "4870", "name": "Caltech Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences" } ] }, "doi": "10.1086/169905", "primary_object": { "basename": "1991ApJ___371__432R.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7dnex-6f010/files/1991ApJ___371__432R.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Rulison, Aaron J.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/36gs5-n4r26", "eprint_id": 59222, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:52:29", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rogak-Steven-N", "name": { "family": "Rogak", "given": "S. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4418-517X" }, { "id": "Baltensperger-Urs", "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "U." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Measurement of Mass Transfer to Agglomerate Aerosols", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1991 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived July 16, 1990; accepted November 28, 1990. \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the International Fine Particle Research Institute and the Swiss National Science Foundation. For the scanning electron microscopy we thank A. Portmann at the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland.", "abstract": "The mass transfer to agglomerate titanium dioxide aerosols produced in a thermal reactor was measured and compared to the mass transfer for spheres of the same mobility. The material transferred to the particles was ultrafine radioactive lead clusters produced via the decay chain of \u00b2\u00b2\u2077Ac. The lead attachment rate was measured with an epiphaniometer, a device that mixes a fixed concentration of radioactive lead atoms with the sample for a period of several minutes and then measures the quantity of lead attached to the particles. In the free-molecular regime, where the particle diameter is small compared with the mean free path of the gas and the diffusing species, previous studies have shown by theory and experiment that the mass transfer to an aerosol is inversely proportional to the particle mobility. This study showed that this is also true for particles in the transition regime, where the particle diameter is comparable to the mean free path. Further, the mass transfer rate is shown to be independent of particle shape for particles of the same mobility, at least when the mean free paths of the gas and the diffusing species are comparable.", "date": "1991-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "14", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "447-458", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111317219", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111317219", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "International Fine Particle Research Institute" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786829108959505", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Rogak, S. N.; Baltensperger, U.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrgd1-5d287", "eprint_id": 3287, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 08:00:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 15:46:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chan-Chak-Keung", "name": { "family": "Chan", "given": "Chak K." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9687-8771" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Resonance structures in elastic and Raman scattering from microspheres", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1991 Optical Society of America. \n\nReceived 22 February 1990. \n\nThis research was supported by the Caltech Consortium in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; founding members: E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Eastman Kodak Co., Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co., and Shell Development Co.\n\nPublished - CHAao91.pdf
", "abstract": "To study the interactions between Mie scattering and Raman emissions of spherical particles, we measured the Raman spectra together with the elastically scattered light of the excitation source of an evaporating aqueous sodium nitrate droplet. Resonance structures were observed in the temporal profiles of the elastically scattered light and Raman nitrate and water emissions. The resonance structures in these three profiles occurred in a concerted mode but sometimes occurred independently of each other. A model of inelastic scattering by microspheres by Kerker et al. [\"Raman and Fluorescent Scattering by Molecules Embedded in Spheres with Radii up to Several Multiples of the Wavelength,\" Appl. Opt. 18, 1172-1179 (1979); \"Lorenz-Mie Scattering by Spheres: Some Newly Recognized Phenomena,\" Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1, 275-291 (1982); \"Inelastic Light Scattering,\" in Aerosol Microphysics I: Particle Interaction, W. H. Marlow, Ed. (Springer-Verlag, New York, 1980); \"Model for Raman and Fluorescent Scattering by Molecules Embedded in Small Particles,\" Phys. Rev. A 13, 396-404 (1976)] and the behavior of low order Mie resonances were used to explain the data. This type of data can be used for the determination of chemical compositions of spherical particles.", "date": "1991-02-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Optics", "volume": "30", "number": "4", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "pagerange": "459-467", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:CHAao91", "issn": "0003-6935", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:CHAao91", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Caltech Consortium in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering" }, { "agency": "E. I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Inc." }, { "agency": "Eastman Kodak Company" }, { "agency": "Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company" }, { "agency": "Shell Development Company" } ] }, "doi": "10.1364/ao.30.000459", "primary_object": { "basename": "CHAao91.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wrgd1-5d287/files/CHAao91.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Chan, Chak K.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jjqq2-20r92", "eprint_id": 65067, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 07:53:28", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 23:09:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kreidenweis-S-M", "name": { "family": "Kreidenweis", "given": "Sonia M." } }, { "id": "Yin-Fangdong", "name": { "family": "Yin", "given": "Fangdong" } }, { "id": "Wang-Shih-Chen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Shih Chen" } }, { "id": "Grosjean-D", "name": { "family": "Grosjean", "given": "Daniel" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol formation during photooxidation of organosulfur species", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "dimethylsulfide; dimethyldisulfide; nucleation", "note": "\u00a9 1991 Elsevier. \n\n(First received 16 January 1990 and in final form 29 May 1990). \n\nThe experimental aspects of this work were supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8503103. The assistance of Dr George Reischl and Dr Wolfgang Winklmayer of the University of Vienna with the smog chamber experiments is gratefully acknowledged. Computations were performed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) under an AWU-DOE Faculty Fellowship. One of us (SMK) wishes to thank Dr Joyce Penner of LLNL for helpful discussions, and Dr John Hobson of LLNL for his assistance with the computations.", "abstract": "Measurements of aerosol formation during the photooxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) in an outdoor smog chamber are compared with predictions from a model of aerosol nucleation and growth in the chemically reacting system. The aerosol is assumed to consist of methanesulfonic acid (MSA), sulfuric acid, and water. Source rates of the two acid species are obtained from a detailed chemical mechanism for the organosulfur precursor oxidation and are used to drive the aerosol model. Good agreement between experiment and predictions was observed for DMDS and DMS oxidation in the presence of NOx, but maximum total number concentrations achieved during DMDS oxidation in the absence of NOx were somewhat underpredicted. The effect upon model predictions of variations in model input parameters is evaluated.", "date": "1991", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment Part A-General Topics", "volume": "25A", "number": "11", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "2491-2500", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20160303-161407528", "issn": "0960-1686", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160303-161407528", "rights": "***You are granted permission for individual, educational, research and non-commercial reproduction, distribution, display and performance of this work in any format.***", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0960-1686(91)90165-4", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Yin, Fangdong; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kmpkn-9tb47", "eprint_id": 59221, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:30:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pandis-Spyros-N", "name": { "family": "Pandis", "given": "Spyros N." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8085-9795" }, { "id": "Paulson-Suzanne-E", "name": { "family": "Paulson", "given": "Suzanne E." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0855-7615" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol formation in the photooxidation of isoprene and \u03b2-pinene", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1991 Pergamon. \n\nFirst received 29 May 1990 and in final form 4 September 1990.\n\nThis work was supported by a grant from the Ford Motor Company and National Science Foundation grant ATM-9003186.", "abstract": "Isoprene and \u03b2-pinene, at concentration levels ranging from a few ppb to a few ppm, were reacted photochemically with NO\u2093 in the Caltech outdoor smog chamber facility. Aerosol formation from the isoprene photooxidation is found to be negligible even under extreme ambient conditions due to the relatively high vapor pressure of its products. Aerosol carbon yield from the \u03b2-pinene photooxidation is as high as 8% and depends strongly on the initial HC/NO\u2093 ratio. The average vapor pressure of the \u03b2-pinene aerosol is estimated to be 37 \u00b1 24 ppt at 31 \u00b0C. Monoterpene photooxidation can be a significant source of secondary aerosol in rural environments and in urban areas with extended natural vegetation.", "date": "1991", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment Part A-General Topics", "volume": "25", "number": "5/6", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "997-1008", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111100989", "issn": "0960-1686", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-111100989", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-9003186" }, { "agency": "Ford Motor Company" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0960-1686(91)90141-S", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Pandis, Spyros N.; Paulson, Suzanne E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hte7c-qn612", "eprint_id": 80285, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:31:23", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 15:53:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Atwater-H-A", "name": { "family": "Atwater", "given": "Harry A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201" }, { "id": "Vahala-K-J", "name": { "family": "Vahala", "given": "Kerry J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380" } ] }, "title": "Fabrication of Semiconductor Quantum Dots", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1991 Pergamon Press. \n\nThis work was supported by U. S. National Science Foundation Grant No. CTS-8912328.", "abstract": "The fabrication of semiconductor structures with precisely controlled nanomeLer scale compositional variations have given designers of electronic and photonic devices a new degree of freedom in the control of material properties, and have made possible entirely new classes of electronic and photonic devices (Vahala, 1988). The synthesis of quasi zero-dimensional systems, called quantum dots, has been proposed as an even more exciting development because the electronic state space in these structures is discrete as a result of the three dimensional confinement. The benefits of this confinement can only be realized if the dimensions of the structures can be controlled to within\nvery tight tolerances. The necessary control has been achieved in quantum well structures through the application of molecular beam epitaxi techniques. Efforts to synthesize photonic devices from quantum dots have, however, been frustrated by the inability to control the scale of the structures produced by lithographic methods with sufficient precision. It is estimated that the size of a gallium arsenide cluster of 5 nm diameter should be controlled to within 0.5 nm (Vahala, 1988).", "date": "1991", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "22", "number": "S1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "S31-S33", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170811-083953547", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170811-083953547", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CTS-8912328" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0021-8502(05)80027-8", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C.; Atwater, Harry A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/001qf-kjr84", "eprint_id": 119667, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 07:48:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:02:05", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Yin-Fangdong", "name": { "family": "Yin", "given": "Fangdong" } }, { "id": "Grosjean-Daniel", "name": { "family": "Grosjean", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6941-2490" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Photooxidation of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide. II: Mechanism evaluation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Atmospheric Science; Environmental Chemistry", "note": "This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant ATM-8503103. \n\nWe thank Dr Wine for communicating his results to us prior to publication.", "abstract": "The mechanisms for atmospheric photooxidation of CH\u2083SCH\u2083 and CH\u2083SSCH\u2083 developed in Part I are evaluated by a series of outdoor smog chamber experiments. Measured product yields, including SO\u2082, H\u2082SO\u2084, CH\u2083SO\u2083H and HCHO, are reported. The predictions of the mechanisms developed in Part I are found to be in substantial agreement with the measured concentrations from the smog chamber. By comparison of mechanism predictions and observations, critical uncertainties in the mechanism are identified.", "date": "1990-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry", "volume": "11", "number": "4", "publisher": "Springer", "pagerange": "365-399", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-839494500.1", "issn": "0167-7764", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-839494500.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/bf00053781", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Yin, Fangdong; Grosjean, Daniel; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rgatm-2f057", "eprint_id": 119658, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 07:10:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:01:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" }, { "id": "Ushio-Ryuichi", "name": { "family": "Ushio", "given": "Ryuichi" } }, { "id": "Kousaka-Yasuo", "name": { "family": "Kousaka", "given": "Yasuo" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Particle generation in a chemical vapor deposition process with seed particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Chemical Engineering; Environmental Engineering; Biotechnology", "note": "This work was supported by Japan Grant in Aid for Scientific Research No. 60750876.", "abstract": "The formation of aerosol particles by gas-phase chemical reaction in the presence of seed particles has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) vapor containing ultrafine TiO\u2082 seed particles was introduced into a laminar flow aerosol reactor, and the properties of produced TiO\u2082 aerosol were measured. By comparing the particle numbers and size distributions of the resulting aerosol with those of the seed particles and those of homogeneously nucleated particles in the absence of seed particles, the effects of initial concentrations of TTIP vapor, reaction temperatures, and properties of seed particles on the suppression of homogeneous nucleation were experimentally clarified. In the theoretical analysis, the population balance equation expressing simultaneous generation of TiO\u2082 monomer, Brownian coagulation and diffusive deposition of TiO\u2082 monomer and aerosols was solved. The observed suppression of homogeneous nucleation by the seed particles is explained qualitatively by the theoretical analysis.", "date": "1990-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "AIChE Journal", "volume": "36", "number": "3", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "409-419", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-645296400.3", "issn": "0001-1541", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-645296400.3", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)", "grant_number": "60750876" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/aic.690360310", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Okuyama, Kikuo; Ushio, Ryuichi; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ynykn-had11", "eprint_id": 59219, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:26:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Shih-Chen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Shih Chen" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Scanning Electrical Mobility Spectrometer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1990 Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.\n\nReceived 31 March 1989; accepted 20 November 1989. \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge many discussions with John Seinfeld that assisted in this research. Important suggestions were also made by Dr. William Hoppel of the Naval Research Laboratories. This research has been performed with support from the Coordinating Research Council.", "abstract": "The measurement of particle size distributions using electrical mobility can be accelerated significantly by an alternate mode of operating mobility instruments. Rather than changing the electric field in discrete steps to select particles in a given mobility range, the electric field can be scanned continuously. The particles are classified in a time-varying electric field, but for an exponential ramp in the field strength there remains a one-to-one correspondence between the time a particle enters the classifier and the time it leaves. By this method, complete scans of mobility with as many as 100 mobility measurements have been made in 30 seconds using a differential mobility classifier with a condensation nuclei counter as a detector.", "date": "1990-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "13", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "230-240", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110721850", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110721850", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786829008959441", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Wang, Shih Chen and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8zx5v-1mc15", "eprint_id": 119662, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 07:06:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:01:52", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Paulson-Suzanne-E", "name": { "family": "Paulson", "given": "S. E." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0855-7615" }, { "id": "Pandis-Spyros-N", "name": { "family": "Pandis", "given": "S. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8085-9795" }, { "id": "Baltensperger-Urs", "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "U." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Palen-Edward-J", "name": { "family": "Palen", "given": "E. J." } }, { "id": "Allen-David-T", "name": { "family": "Allen", "given": "D. T." } }, { "id": "Schaffner-Christian", "name": { "family": "Schaffner", "given": "C." } }, { "id": "Giger-W", "name": { "family": "Giger", "given": "W." } }, { "id": "Portmann-A", "name": { "family": "Portmann", "given": "A." } } ] }, "title": "Characterization of photochemical aerosols from biogenic hydrocarbons", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; Atmospheric Science; Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes; Mechanical Engineering; Environmental Engineering", "note": "\u00a9 1990 Published by Elsevier.", "abstract": "An extensive set of outdoor smog chamber experiments were carried out to study aerosol formation by two representative biogenic hydrocarbons; isoprene and \u03b2-pinene. The hydrocarbons, at concentrations ranging from a few ppb to a few ppm, were photooxidized in the presence of NO\u2093. Isoprene was found to produce negligible aerosol at ambient conditions, whereas \u03b2-pinene aerosol carbon yields were as high as 8%, depending strongly on the hydrocarbon to NO\u2093 ratio. Aerosol samples subjected to infrared absorption spectroscopy revealed that the dominant aerosol products for both isoprene and \u03b2-pinene are organic nitrates, organic acids, as well as other carbonyls and hydroxy compounds. GCMS of the neutral fraction of the \u03b2-pinene aerosol revealed nopinone and several other compounds with molecular weights ranging from 138\u2013200 amu, indicating mainly mono- and dioxygenated products. The average vapor pressure of the \u03b2-pinene aerosol was estimated to be 37 \u00b1 24 ppt at 31\u00b0C. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the particles consist of both liquid droplets and agglomerates of small (40\u201360 nm) solid particles.", "date": "1990-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "21", "number": "S1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "S245-S248", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-956673300.3", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-956673300.3", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/0021-8502(90)90230-u", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Paulson, S. E.; Pandis, S. N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/db488-mw418", "eprint_id": 120997, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 07:06:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:06:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rogak-Steven-N", "name": { "family": "Rogak", "given": "S. N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4418-517X" }, { "id": "Baltensperger-Urs", "name": { "family": "Baltensperger", "given": "U." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0079-8713" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Direct measurement of mass transfer to agglomerates in the transition regime", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; Atmospheric Science; Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes; Mechanical Engineering; Environmental Engineering", "note": "\u00a9 1990 Published by Elsevier. \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the International Fine Particle Research Institute and the Swiss National Science Foundation. For the scanning electron microscopy we thank A. Portmann at the Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Switzerland.", "abstract": "Mass transfer to aerosol particles is an important process in many natural and industrial systems. For example, the enrichment of atmospheric aerosols with heavy metals has been attributed to condensation of metal vapors on particle surfaces in combustion systems. The transport of organics to a particle is an important mechanism in soot formation. In addition to these examples involving the transport of molecules, mass transfer of ultrafine particles plays an important role in powder synthesis and in the measurement of atmospheric aerosols with the recently developed epiphaniometer (Bahensperger et al., 1990). This instrument measures the attachment rate of hydrated radioactive lead atoms to an aerosol sample. For each of these systems, it is critical to understand the relationship between the mass transfer to a particle and its physical characteristics. \n\nTheoretical descriptions of mass transfer to particles have traditionally been based on the assumption that the particles are dense spheres. However, many combustion systems emit fumes consisting of agglomerates of tiny spherules. The structure of these agglomerates has been described as \"fractal\" or \"self-similar\" (Forrest and Witten, 1979; Meakin, 1986). Although the accuracy of the fractal model is still an active area of research, such models are useful in characterizing the structure. \n\nAn important property of an agglomerate is the hydrodynamic radius R_H , the radius of the sphere that experiences the same drag as an agglomerate when both particles are moving at the same speed in the same gas. In the continuum regime, when the gas mean free path \u03bb is smaller than R_H, R_H typically scales with R_g. In the free molecular regime, where the particle diameter is small compared to the mean free path \u03bb, the drag is determined by the impingement rate of gas molecules on the surface so R_H is proportional to the projected area equivalent radius, which is generally not equal to the radius of gyration. \n\nThe mass transfer equivalent radius RD of an agglomerate is analogous to the hydrodynamic radius. The free molecule (i.e. kinetic) regime mass transfer should be well correlated with drag because both processes are controlled by the molecular impingement rate (Meakin et al., 1989; Schmidt-Ott et al., 1990). In the continuum regime, the mass transfer and hydrodynamic radii are expected to be similar, based on the results for such shapes as slender rods. In the transition regime, one expects that R_H and R_D will be different unless the mean free path of the diffusing species \u03bb_D is similar to the gas mean free path \u03bb. In this paper we compare measurements of the drag and mass transfer for nearly spherical particles of ammonium sulfate, spherical polystyrene latex and titanium dioxide agglomerates. For each aerosol, a narrow mobility range was selected with the differential mobility analyzer (DMA). This nearly monodisperse aerosol was mixed with a controlled concentration of radioactive lead atoms using the epiphaniometer (G\u00e4ggeler et al., 1989). The amount of lead attached to the particles was measured, giving an indication of the relative transfer rates of the lead to the spheres and agglomerates.", "date": "1990-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "21", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "S51-S54", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-898241000.4", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-898241000.4", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "International Fine Particle Research Institute" }, { "agency": "Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-8502(90)90187-3", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Rogak, S. N.; Baltensperger, U.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2f4nb-xj544", "eprint_id": 59220, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:20:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Rogak-Steven-N", "name": { "family": "Rogak", "given": "Steven N." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4418-517X" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Stokes Drag on Self-Similar Clusters of Spheres", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1990 Academic Press, Inc.\n\nReceived January 13, 1989; accepted March 20, 1989\n\nThis work has been supported by a subcontract from Physical Sciences Inc. on the U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC22-86PC90751.", "abstract": "Aggregation phenomena in gas and liquid phases often produce agglomerates that appear to be fractals in the sense that the cluster mass varies with the radius of gyration to a fractional power. The creeping (Stokes) flow around the cluster may be represented by the superposition of k single-sphere velocity fields chosen to satisfy the boundary conditions at k points on the cluster. Computations can be performed for large self-similar clusters of k\" monomers by decomposing the cluster n times into smaller clusters which may be replaced by hydrodynamically equivalent spheres. The method recovers the correct results for chains, disks, and compact clusters. Computations done on random, connected clusters similar to real aggregates show that both the primary particle diameter and the cluster radius influence the drag. The influence of the primary particle size and other small-scale structure features is lost very rapidly as the fractal dimension increases above 1.3 and the number of monomers in the cluster increases above 100.", "date": "1990-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "134", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "206-218", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110928917", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110928917", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC22-86PC90751" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(90)90268-S", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Rogak, Steven N. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/19syc-j3n14", "eprint_id": 119656, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 07:05:49", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:01:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" }, { "id": "Ushio-Ryuichi", "name": { "family": "Ushio", "given": "Ryuichi" } }, { "id": "Kousaka-Yasuo", "name": { "family": "Kousaka", "given": "Yasuo" } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Evaluation of fine particle formation by CVD in laminar-flow aerosol reactor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "aerosol; chemical reactor; chemical vapor deposition; aerosol reactor; Brownian coagulation; cluster dynamics", "note": "Published - JHS273.pdf
", "abstract": "The nucleation and growth of aerosol particles by gas-phase chemical reaction in a laminar-flow aerosol reactor (LFAR) has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) vapor and gas mixture was introduced into a heated pipe in a laminar flow, and the particle number and size distribution of TiO\u2082 aerosol produced by homogeneous nucleation were measured under various conditions. The effects of initial concentration of TTIP vapor, temperature profiles of the reactor, and carrier gas on the properties of homogeneously nucleated aerosols were clarified experimentally. In the theoretical analysis, the simplified reaction and coagulation model was used to evaluate the particle formation by gas-phase chemical reaction, and the aerosol general dynamic equation expressing the simultaneous phenomena of generation of TiO\u2082 monomer by thermal decompositionof TTIP vapor, Brownian coagulation and Brownian diffusion of TiO\u2082 monomer, cluster and particle in the LFAR was solved. The observed experimental results were explained well by the theoretical analysis, and it was found that the deposition of TTIP vapor, monomer, cluster and particles produced onto the reactor wall is enhanced by low temperature, low concentration of feed TTIP vapor and carrier gas with large mean free path.", "date": "1990", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu", "volume": "16", "number": "3", "publisher": "Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan", "pagerange": "526-534", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-205525944", "issn": "0386-216X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-205525944", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1252/kakoronbunshu.16.526", "primary_object": { "basename": "JHS273.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/19syc-j3n14/files/JHS273.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Okuyama, Kikuo; Ushio, Ryuichi; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ebndv-jn254", "eprint_id": 59215, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:52:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sahu-Ranajit", "name": { "family": "Sahu", "given": "Ranajit" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "George R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" } ] }, "title": "Discrete Simulation of Cenospheric Coal-Char Combustion", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 by The Combustion Institute. \n\nReceived 26 May 1988; revised 20 October 1988. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant number DE-AC2284FC70915.", "abstract": "A phenomenological model of structural transformations during pulverized coal char combustion is presented. The random geometry of the voids is modeled realistically by means of a random assemblage of spheres in a spherical particle. Pore connectedness and growth are accounted for as the combustion proceeds. The percolation behavior of the void space is dramatically demonstrated. The effects of different initial void fractions and of the random nature of the structure itself, at a given initial void fraction, are shown. This sheds some light on our ability to realistically model the solid. The limitation of shrinking core models of combustion of cenospheric chars are demonstrated. In this initial application, the model is limited to isothermal combustion with no diffusional limitations.", "date": "1989-09", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Combustion and Flame", "volume": "77", "number": "3-4", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "337-346", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110229393", "issn": "0010-2180", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110229393", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC2284FC70915" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0010-2180(89)90139-9", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Sahu, Ranajit; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ppydc-51q11", "eprint_id": 61246, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:26:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 14:39:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Levendis-Yiannis-A", "name": { "family": "Levendis", "given": "Yiannis A." } }, { "id": "Sahu-Ranajit", "name": { "family": "Sahu", "given": "Ranajit" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "George R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" } ] }, "title": "Post-ignition transients in the combustion of single char particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "char; combustion; ignition", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Elsevier. \n\n(Received 17 May 1988; revised 29 November 1988). \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy University Coal Programs Grant Number DE-FG22-84PC70775.", "abstract": "The temperature-time histories of single char particles burning at temperatures above 1500 K have been measured by two-colour near infrared pyrometry techniques. Two coal chars and a synthetic char consisting of spherical glassy carbon particles of uniform size were used in the experiments. The results indicate that with lean combustion and low-to-medium temperatures, the char particles do not ignite over their whole external surface, but exhibit preferential ignition at specific sites. These 'hot-spots' probably involve regions in which the material exhibits strong inhomogeneities, either on or below the surface. Following ignition, the reaction may propagate over the particle surface. At elevated combustor temperatures and/or high oxygen partial pressures, ignition spreads quickly over the entire particle surface and the importance of the hot-spots diminishes. A simple model is used to estimate the rate of growth of a hot-spot under various experimental conditions.", "date": "1989-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Fuel", "volume": "68", "number": "7", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "849-855", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151019-094243231", "issn": "0016-2361", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151019-094243231", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-84PC70775" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0016-2361(89)90119-1", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Levendis, Yiannis A.; Sahu, Ranajit; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c2bv6-q4e25", "eprint_id": 59214, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:41:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Levendis-Y-A", "name": { "family": "Levendis", "given": "Yiannis A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "George R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" } ] }, "title": "Oxidation Kinetics of Monodisperse Spherical Carbonaceous Particles of Variable Properties", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 by The Combustion Institute. \n\nReceived 5 January 1988; revised 10 May 1988. \n\nThis research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy University Coal Programs grant number DE-FG22-84PC70775. The authors gratefully acknowledge technical assistance from Paul Scott Northrop, Patric Kohen, Sten Samson, Bob Johnson, and Bob Hously.", "abstract": "Synthetic chars of variable physical and chemical properties have been developed to study char oxidation mechanisms and rates. The char particles were spherical and monodisperse, with sizes ranging from a few microns to several tens of microns. The particles were made from a carbon-yielding polymer and pore-forming additives. The surface areas of the chars made from different additives varied by more than two orders of magnitude and the porosities varied by a factor of five. The pore size distributions included both micro and transitional pores. X-ray studies revealed that all chars were amorphous when heat treated to temperatures up to 1600 K in an inert atmosphere. However, upon oxidation at 1600 K, the carbon matrix underwent partial graphitization. This transformation was particularly pronounced for some of the polymer pore-former chars. Combustion experiments showed that the total surface area of the chars increased dramatically with conversion, revealing the existence of a vast network of micropores. Apparent oxidation rates were higher for the chars that contained transitional pores in a microporous matrix. When compared with the rates reported in the literature for coal derived chars, the calculated intrinsic rates were lower at intermediate particle temperatures (800-1600 K) but comparable at elevated temperatures (1800-2300 K). As the temperature was increased further, the intrinsic rates decreased consistent with the Nagle and Strickland-Constable kinetic mechanism [l].", "date": "1989-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Combustion and Flame", "volume": "76", "number": "3-4", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "221-241", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110050653", "issn": "0010-2180", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110050653", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-84PC70775" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0010-2180(89)90108-9", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Levendis, Yiannis A.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w53nz-s4t45", "eprint_id": 59212, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:27:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stern-Jennifer-E", "name": { "family": "Stern", "given": "Jennifer E." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol Dynamics in Atmospheric Aromatic Photooxidation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 American Association for Aerosol Research.\n\nReceived 18 November 1987; revised and accepted 18 March 1988.\n\nThis work was supported by the Coordinating Research Council, project AP-6.", "abstract": "Aerosol formation and growth in aromatic hydrocarbon/NO\u2093 systems was studied in a series of outdoor smog chamber experiments. Analysis of the aerosol size distributions in those experiments that exhibited steady condensational growth provides estimates for the gas-phase partial pressures of the condensing species. Saturation ratios during these growth periods are estimated by comparing these partial pressures with vapor pressures obtained from an analysis of nucleation (Stern et al., 1987), and are found to be in the range of 5 to 20. Modeling of the size\u2013distribution dynamics during the experiments is carried out using the sectional model ESMAP (Warren and Seinfeld, 1985). The full size-distribution model predicts more nucleation than an integral model (Stern et al., 1987), because the polydisperse aerosol representation leads to a lower condensation rate than that predicted for a monodisperse aerosol.", "date": "1989-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "10", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "515-534", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105713382", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105713382", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "AP-6" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786828908959292", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Stern, Jennifer E.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ayb2f-dgt10", "eprint_id": 121007, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:18:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:06:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Levendis-Yiannis-A", "name": { "family": "Levendis", "given": "Yiannis A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8158-2123" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Synthesis, formation and characterization of micron-sized glassy carbon spheres of controlled pore structure", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "General Chemistry; General Materials Science", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Published by Elsevier. \n\nis research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy University Coal Programs Grant Number DE-FG22-84PC70775. The authors gratefully acknowledge technical assistance from Scott Northrop, George Gavalas, Patric Kohen, Bob Hously, Bob Johnson, Sten Samson and Larry Henling.", "abstract": "A method of producing uniform-sized solid or hollow glassy carbon spheres with sizes from a few to 200 \u03bcm in times from seconds to minutes has been developed. The spheres are obtained by atomizing polymers of furfuryl alcohol containing pore forming agents in the form of either dissolved high boiling organics or dispersed carbon black. These agents were added to control the porosity, the pore size distribution and the surface areas of the chars. Heat treatment and/or partial oxidation in the range of 800 to 1600 K were then used to vary the porosity (6\u201350%) and surface area (2\u2013800 m\u00b2/g), and to produce pore size distributions that include both micro and transitional pores. As the temperature rises, the size and the volume of the micropores increase at the expense of the skeletal volume and then their size distribution becomes more narrow. Partial oxidation at elevated temperatures opens and enlarges existing porosity and catalyzes multiphase graphitization of many of the mixed-polymer chars.", "date": "1989-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Carbon", "volume": "27", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "265-283", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-898297000.17", "issn": "0008-6223", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230419-898297000.17", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-84PC70775" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0008-6223(89)90133-4", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Levendis, Yiannis A. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tw4rm-4e550", "eprint_id": 59216, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:24:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jones-Adkins-Carol-L", "name": { "family": "Jones Adkins", "given": "Carol L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol growth due to heterogeneous reaction: I. A continuous stirred tank reactor system for the study of aqueous aerosol chemistry", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Academic Press, Inc. \n\nReceived December 7, 1987; accepted March 30, 1988. \n\nThis work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant R-810857 and by a gift from General Motors Corporation.", "abstract": "A continuous stirred tank reactor system for measuring particle growth as a result of heterogeneous aqueous-phase SO\u2082 reaction is described. Special attention was focused on the aerosol measurement instruments and care was taken to minimize size biasing as a result of humidity changes within the instruments. The differential mobility analyzer (DMA) inversion method developed by Hoppel was tested for its ability to predict distribution peak diameter. Less than 1% error in the diameter determination was found for experimentally plausible levels of either random particle number count error or instrument flowrate error. The DMA was determined to be capable of resolving a 0.001- to 0.002-\u03bcm-diameter change which is crucial in the particle growth experiments.", "date": "1989-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "127", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "453-464", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110351772", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110351772", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-810857" }, { "agency": "General Motors" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(89)90050-7", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Jones Adkins, Carol L.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ynt52-hnq67", "eprint_id": 119674, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:15:37", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:02:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jones-Adkins-Carol-L", "name": { "family": "Jones Adkins", "given": "Carol L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol growth due to heterogeneous reaction: II. The manganese-catalyzed aqueous phase oxidation of S(IV) to S(VI)", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Colloid and Surface Chemistry; Surfaces, Coatings and Films; Biomaterials; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials", "note": "This work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant R-810857 and by a gift from General Motors Corporation.", "abstract": "The continuous stirred tank reactor system described in Part I was used to measure the growth of aerosol salt particles containing manganese in an SO\u2082-containing atmosphere. A model of the aerosol behavior within the reactor was used to predict the reactor effluent size distribution given the input feed distribution and various reaction rate expressions. Comparing the reactor aerosol size distributions predicted by the various rate expressions to those experimentally measured provides a method to assess the compatibility of heterogeneous reaction rate theories and measurements made under realistic atmospheric conditions.", "date": "1989-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "127", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "465-486", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-416379000.1", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230305-416379000.1", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-810857" }, { "agency": "General Motors" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(89)90051-9", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Jones Adkins, Carol L.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xvwm7-7h943", "eprint_id": 59218, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:20:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:12:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Levendis-Yiannis-A", "name": { "family": "Levendis", "given": "Y. A." } }, { "id": "Nam-S-W", "name": { "family": "Nam", "given": "S. W." } }, { "id": "Lowenberg-M", "name": { "family": "Lowenberg", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "G. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" } ] }, "title": "Catalysis of the combustion of synthetic char particles by various forms of calcium additives", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived June 20, 1988. Revised Manuscript Received September 30, 1988. \n\nThis research was supported by a subcontract of Physical Sciences, Inc., on U.S. Department of Energy University Contract No. DE-AC22-86PC90751. M.L. was supported by a Link Foundation fellowship.", "abstract": "The reactivity of calcium-laden carbonaceous particles to oxygen was investigated in the range 670-3000 K. The char particles were prepared from poly(furfural alcohol) (PFA) and were spherical and of uniform size. Three different methods were used to introduce the calcium additive: precipitation of calcium carbonate, impregnation with calcium acetate, and calcium ion exchange. Electron microscopy showed that the distribution of calcium was remarkably uniform in particles containing a bimodal distribution of micropores and transitional pores, whereas for particles with micropores only the Ca concentration was high at the surface and low at the center. X-ray analysis indicated that the conversion of the carbonate to the oxide at low temperatures (below 900 K) takes place only after all carbon has been consumed. Combustion studies showed that the calcium catalyzed the oxidation reaction at all temperatures investigated by up to 2 orders of magnitude. The effectiveness of the catalyst introduced by the different methods was comparable, with the calcium ion exchanged chars being, in general, the most reactive.", "date": "1989-01-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Energy and Fuels", "volume": "3", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "28-37", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110546824", "issn": "1520-5029", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-110546824", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC22-86PC90751" }, { "agency": "Link Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/ef00013a006", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Levendis, Y. A.; Nam, S. W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/tkg4p-hf555", "eprint_id": 120972, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:12:56", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:05:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kreidenweis-Sonia-M", "name": { "family": "Kreidenweis", "given": "Sonia M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2561-2914" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" } ] }, "title": "Binary nucleation of methanesulfonic acid and water", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; Atmospheric Science; Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes; Mechanical Engineering; Environmental Engineering", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Published by Elsevier. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation grant ATM-8503103.", "abstract": "A continuous-flow, mixing-type device for the study of binary nucleation phenomena has been developed and applied to the methanesulfonic acid-water system. Experimental measurements confirm the formation of particles from the binary gas at partial pressures of water vapor and acid vapor below saturation levels. Although trends in the data agree with the predictions of binary nucleation theory, the observed number concentrations are not well predicted using macroscopic values of the solution properties.", "date": "1989-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "20", "number": "5", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "585-607", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-318359000.7", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-318359000.7", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-8502(89)90105-5", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Kreidenweis, Sonia M.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6hw2x-8hq30", "eprint_id": 59213, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 21:10:36", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" }, { "id": "Jeung-Ji-Taek", "name": { "family": "Jeung", "given": "Ji-Taek" } }, { "id": "Kousaka-Yasuo", "name": { "family": "Kousaka", "given": "Yasuo" } }, { "id": "Nguyen-Hung-V", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "Hung V." } }, { "id": "Wu-Jin-Jwang", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Jin Jwang" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Experimental control of ultrafine TiO\u2082 particle generation from thermal decomposition of titanium tetraisopropoxide vapor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Pergamon Press plc. \n\nReceived 17 February 1988; accepted 14 November 1988. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8503103, Saneyoshi Research Fund and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 62470110.", "abstract": "The generation of ultrafine TiO, particles by the thermal decomposition of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) vapor was carried out experimentally using a well-controlled cylindrical furnace. The effects of the initial vapor concentration of the TTIP vapor, the reaction temperature, the temperature profile of the furnace and properties of seed particles on the particle size distribution of produced aerosol particles were examined to control the generation of particles. The observed trends agreed semiquantitatively with the simulation results obtained by solving the discrete-sectional aerosol dynamic equation accounting for Brownian coagulation and generation of monomer by chemical reaction.", "date": "1989", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Chemical Engineering Science", "volume": "44", "number": "6", "publisher": "Pergamon", "pagerange": "1369-1375", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105846420", "issn": "0009-2509", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105846420", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" }, { "agency": "Saneyoshi Research Fund" }, { "agency": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)", "grant_number": "62470110" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0009-2509(89)85010-9", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Okuyama, Kikuo; Jeung, Ji-Taek; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/v3949-69003", "eprint_id": 8192, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:09:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:10:13", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Shih-Chen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Shih Chen" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Scanning electrical mobility spectrometer", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Elsevier. \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge many discussions with John Seinfeld that assisted in this research. This research has been performed with support from the Coordinating Research Council.", "abstract": "The measurement of particle size distributions using electrical mobility methods has become the standard method for the characterization of particles smaller than O. 1 \u03bcm in diameter since the development of the Electrical Aerosol Analyzer (EAA) and the Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) by Whithy, Liu, and their coworkers (1974, 1975, 1975a). These instruments revolutionized aerosol science by making it possible to follow the dynamics of particles that were, prior to these developments, too small to study in detail. Still, these instruments are far from perfect.", "date": "1989", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "20", "number": "8", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1485-1488", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:WANjas89", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:WANjas89", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-8502(89)90868-9", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Wang, Shih Chen and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h9x47-k2664", "eprint_id": 8191, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:09:00", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:10:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Karch-R", "name": { "family": "Karch", "given": "Rudolf" } }, { "id": "Reischl-G-P", "name": { "family": "Reischl", "given": "George P." } }, { "id": "Winklmayr-W", "name": { "family": "Winklmayr", "given": "Wolfgang" } }, { "id": "Paulson-S", "name": { "family": "Paulson", "given": "Suzanne" } }, { "id": "Wang-Shih-Chen", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Shih Chen" } }, { "id": "Yin-Fangdong", "name": { "family": "Yin", "given": "Fangdong" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Smog chamber studies of aerosol formation in atmospheric mixtures", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1989 Elsevier. \n\nThis work was supported through grants from the National Science Foundation, the Coordinating Research Council, and the Austrian Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung, project number P6591P.", "abstract": "During a joint experiment of the Department of Chemical Engineering (California\nInstitute of Technology) and the Institute of Experimental Physics (University\nof Vienna), measurements have been performed to study the dynamics of particle\ninception in photochemical smog. The goal of this study was to obtain an understanding\nof the fundamental mechanisms in the formation of organic aerosols\nduring atmospheric photochemical reactions. This paper presents results with new\napproaches to mobility analysis for aerosol-measurements that have been performed\nto trace the dynamics of ultrafine aerosol particles in smog chamber experiments.", "date": "1989", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "20", "number": "8", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "995-998", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:KARjas89", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:KARjas89", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council" }, { "agency": "Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung", "grant_number": "P6591P" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-8502(89)90745-3", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1989", "author_list": "Karch, Rudolf; Reischl, George P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/va7p7-qxy19", "eprint_id": 10216, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:05:45", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 22:44:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" }, { "id": "Kousaka-Yasuo", "name": { "family": "Kousaka", "given": "Yasuo" } }, { "id": "Kreidenweis-Sonia-M", "name": { "family": "Kreidenweis", "given": "Sonia" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2561-2914" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Studies in binary nucleation: The dibutylphthalate/dioctylphthalate system", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "NUCLEATION, VAPOR CONDENSATION, BINARY MIXTURES, PHTHALATES", "note": "\u00a9 1988 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 3 November 1987; accepted 9 August 1988. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant No. ATM-8503103.\n\nPublished - OKUjcp88b.pdf
", "abstract": "A continuous-flow mixing apparatus has been developed for the study of binary nucleation. This apparatus has been used to investigate the nucleation of mixed dibutylphthalate/dioctylphthalate vapors, and the interaction of the two vapors in particle formation has been demonstrated. A model that considers competition between nucleation and condensation processes during particle formation is applied in the analysis of the experimental results, allowing comparison of the magnitudes of the theoretical and actual nucleation rates in both the single-component and mixed vapor systems.", "date": "1988-11-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "89", "number": "10", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "6442-6453", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:OKUjcp88b", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:OKUjcp88b", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.455413", "primary_object": { "basename": "OKUjcp88b.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/va7p7-qxy19/files/OKUjcp88b.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Okuyama, Kikuo; Kousaka, Yasuo; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zpyp5-2ts79", "eprint_id": 59210, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:46:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wu-Jin-Jwang", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Jin Jwang" } }, { "id": "Nguyen-Hung-V", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "Hung V." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" }, { "id": "Kousaka-Yasuo", "name": { "family": "Kousaka", "given": "Yasuo" } } ] }, "title": "Evaluation and control of particle properties in aerosol reactors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1988 AIChE. \n\nManuscript received Nov. 2, 1987, and revision received Apr. 7, 1988.\n\nThis work was supported in part by the Program in Advanced Technologies of the California Institute of Technology, sponsored by Aerojet General, General Motors, GTE, and TRW.", "abstract": "The production of powders by aerosol routes spans a wide range of operating temperatures depending on the type of aerosol reactors used. The dominant mechanism of particle growth and evolution depends highly on the rate at which the reactions producing the condensible species are carried out. Numerical solutions of the discrete-sectional aerosol general dynamic equation that accounts for the interactions of the discrete clusters were obtained for conditions representative of the different types of aerosol reactors used for powder production today. Simplified reaction and coagulation equations that give fast and useful prediction of the evolution of aerosols associated with chemical reactions were derived, and a simple reaction-coagulation model was developed. The effects of reaction rate, initial vapor concentration, residence time, seed particles, and temperature profile on the properties of fine particles produced by gas-phase chemical reactions were evaluated using both models. Results show good agreement between the two.", "date": "1988-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "AIChE Journal", "volume": "34", "number": "8", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "1249-1256", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105235955", "issn": "0001-1541", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105235955", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Caltech" }, { "agency": "Aerojet General" }, { "agency": "General Motors" }, { "agency": "GTE" }, { "agency": "TRW" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/aic.690340803", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Wu, Jin Jwang; Nguyen, Hung V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vbd92-d2439", "eprint_id": 59211, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:47:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:38", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Eckert-Hellmut", "name": { "family": "Eckert", "given": "Hellmut" } }, { "id": "Levendis-Yiannis-A", "name": { "family": "Levendis", "given": "Yiannis A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Glassy carbons from poly(furfuryl alcohol) copolymers: structural studies by high-resolution solid-state NMR techniques", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1988 American Chemical Society\n\n(Received: January 25, 1988)\n\nThe NMR data were partly obtained at the Southern California Regional NMR Facility, supported by NSF Grant CHE84-40137. The materials preparation and characterization was supported by U.S. Department of Energy University Coal Programs Grant No. DE-FG22-84PC70775. We are grateful to Larry Henling for performing the elemental analysis of the materials.", "abstract": "The chemical structure of glassy carbon particles produced from poly(furfuryl alcohol) copolymers is studied by \u00b9\u00b3C cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR and high-speed \u00b9H MAS NMR. In agreement with earlier proposals, \u00b9\u00b3C NMR spectra confirm the buildup of a highly unsaturated system at the expense of furan rings and aliphatic carbon atoms, and upon heating to 800 K this conversion is essentially complete. Successive carbonization by air oxidation or pyrolysis at temperatures up to 1600 K is reflected in a gradual decrease of the \u00b9\u00b3C chemical shift from ca. 130 to 115 ppm versus tetramethylsilane. \u00b9H MAS NMR is used to detect and quantitate the amount of residual C-bonded hydrogen species at various stages of the carbonization process. In addition, these spectra show intense, narrow resonances due to sorbed H\u2082O molecules, which resonate over a wide range of chemical shifts (between 2.5 and -8 ppm versus tetramethylsilane). In analogy with effects observed by Tabony and co-workers for molecules adsorbed above the basal plane of graphite, the upfield shifts observed for water sorbed in the glassy carbons of the present study are attributed to the large susceptibility anisotropy of submicroscopically ordered, turbostratic, or partially graphitized regions of the samples. The extent of this ordering is inversely correlated with the absolute content of residual C-bonded hydrogen species and depends mainly on the temperature of pyrolysis, whereas the oxygen content of the heating atmosphere and the composition of the initial polymeric material appear to be of secondary importance. The results suggest that sorbed H\u2082O molecules can function as sensitive NMR chemical shift probes for the initial stages of crystallization processes in glassy carbons.", "date": "1988-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry", "volume": "92", "number": "17", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "5011-5019", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105521104", "issn": "0022-3654", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105521104", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CHE84-40137" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-84PC70775" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/j100328a037", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Eckert, Hellmut; Levendis, Yiannis A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0rtqb-9jy20", "eprint_id": 59209, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:43:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Issues in aerosol dynamics", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1988 Elsevier.", "abstract": "Aerosol systems evolved in time due to coagulation, evaporation and condensation, nucleation, and chemical reactions. Theoretical descriptions of the dynamics of aerosol systems require a thorough understanding of the physical and chemical processes involved. In many cases of practical interest, the fundamental processes are now well enough understood that quantitative predictions of aerosol properties can be made. Still, many questions central to aerosol science remain unresolved. Homogeneous nucleation has been the subject of many investigations over the years, yet the established theories are unable to predict the nucleation rate within orders of magnitude. Models of coagulation are generally predicated on the assumption that particles coalesce immediately after they agglomerate, yet many aerosols under study today consist of solid particles. When solid particles formed by vapor nucleation coagulate, low density flocs are generated. The structures of these particles are remarkably similar for a broad spectrum of particles formed in widely different systems and from materials with significantly different properties. Some aspects of this similarity are explained by models of diffusion limited aggregation and fractals, but these models cannot explain why the different agglomerates have similar fine scale structure sizes. Many aerosol systems involve complex interactions between the particulate material and the surrounding atmosphere. The solution thermodynamics of the concentrated solutions that occur in aqueous atmospheric aerosols has received relatively little attention.", "date": "1988-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "19", "number": "7", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "783-787", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105053161", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-105053161", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/0021-8502(88)90033-X", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/q2f9g-yy695", "eprint_id": 120978, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:52:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:16:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wu-Jin-Jwang", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Jin Jwang" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "A discrete-sectional solution to the aerosol dynamic equation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Colloid and Surface Chemistry; Surfaces, Coatings and Films; Biomaterials; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials", "note": "\u00a9 1988 Published by Elsevier. \n\nThis work was supported by the Program in Advanced Technologies of the California Institute of Technology, sponsored by Aerojet General, General Motors, GTE and TRW. The stimulating discussions with Dr. John H. Seinfeld are highly acknowledged. Also, thanks are extended to Hung V. Nguyen for checking the derivations and the manuscript.", "abstract": "A discrete-sectional model is presented that can simulate the simulate the aerosol evolution associated with fast chemical reactions. The mechanisms of coagulation, evaporation, and chemical reactions are treated in this model. Test calculations were performed to examine the sensitivity of the resulting number concentration and size distribution to the breakpoint between the discrete and the sectional regime, k, and the number of sections, M, used. The numerical diffusion problem in this model due to the condensational growth was also examined. Simulations of refractory particle formation and growth in aerosol reactors by gas-phase chemical reactions were in good agreement with previous experimental observations.", "date": "1988-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "123", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "339-352", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-318405000.14", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-318405000.14", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Program in Advanced Technologies, Caltech" }, { "agency": "Aerojet General" }, { "agency": "General Motors" }, { "agency": "GTE" }, { "agency": "TRW" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(88)90255-x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Wu, Jin Jwang and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/25qrh-s4b94", "eprint_id": 61814, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:42:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:49:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sahu-Ranajit", "name": { "family": "Sahu", "given": "Ranajit" } }, { "id": "Levendis-Yiannis-A", "name": { "family": "Levendis", "given": "Yiannis A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "George R." } } ] }, "title": "Physical properties and oxidation rates of chars from three bituminous coals", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "char; oxidation; physical behaviour", "note": "\u00a9 1988 Butterworth & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. \n\nReceived 19 June 1987; revised 21 September 1987. \n\nThis work was supported by the US Department of Energy under contract DE-AC2284FC70915. Thanks are due to Mr P. S. Northrop for help in constructing the BET apparatus and carrying out some surface area measurements.", "abstract": "Intrinsic oxidation rates of coal chars derived from three different bituminous coals were measured at 500 \u00b0C and the effects of char formation temperature, conversion, coal particle size and char particle size on the rates were evaluated. Characterization of the various samples including BET surface areas, mercury porosimetry, mercury and helium densities, heating values and in some cases elemental analyses were carried out to better understand the roles and interactions of the various parameters. Optical microscopy observations were also made to verify assumptions wherever possible. The results show that apparent and intrinsic rates as well as the heating values are reduced with increasing char formation temperature. N_2-BET surface areas increase an order of magnitude with conversion and exhibit maxima in the range of temperatures considered (1000 K to 1600 K). Of similar sized chars derived from different sizes of coal particles, those from the smaller coal size fractions had higher apparent reaction rates.", "date": "1988-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Fuel", "volume": "67", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "275-283", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151104-101722148", "issn": "0016-2361", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151104-101722148", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC2284FC70915" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0016-2361(88)90276-1", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Sahu, Ranajit; Levendis, Yiannis A.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/52ynf-ke426", "eprint_id": 59208, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:23:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:19", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Biswas-Pratim", "name": { "family": "Biswas", "given": "Pratim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1104-3738" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The particle trap impactor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1988 Pergamon Journals Ltd.\n\n(Received 19 September 1986; and infinalform 26 February 1987)\n\nFunding for this research was provided by the Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, under Grant No. R-809191010. The conclusions represent the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions, policies, or recommendations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.", "abstract": "The performance of virtual impactors with no flow through the impaction orifice was examined experimentally. An open cavity particle trap with an orifice diameter 1.9 times the jet diameter yielded sharp size cuts with a maximum collection efficiency of about 90 percent, with no degradation of performance at very high Stokes number. The suitability of the particle trap for operation with jet velocities up to the sonic limit and for use at elevated temperature was also demonstrated. In extended duration operation, the collection efficiency did not decrease until the trap was nearly filled.", "date": "1988-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Aerosol Science", "volume": "19", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "113-121", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-104915988", "issn": "0021-8502", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-104915988", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-809191010" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-8502(88)90260-1", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Biswas, Pratim and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dq8ed-j4395", "eprint_id": 8175, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:34:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 21:09:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol Routes for Powder Synthesis", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1988 The American Ceramic Society. \n\nThe numerous contributions of Khairul Alam, Jin Jwang Wu, Hung Nguyen, John Seinfeld, and Kikuo Okuyama to this work are gratefully acknowledged. This work was supported in part by Caltech's Program in Advanced Technologies, sponsored by Aerojet General, General Motors, GTE, and TRW.", "abstract": "The critical role of powder properties in determining the ultimate strength of ceramic materials has been clearly demonstrated in numerous studies, so over the past several years increasing efforts have been made to improve the nature of ceramic powders. It has been suggested that the ideal powder would consist of approximately spherical particles with carefully controlled composition, and uniformly sized, typically in the 0.1 to 1 pm size range, and available in a nonagglomerated state. While it may be debated whether a monodisperse powder would be truly optimal, it is clear that control over particle size distribution, particle morphology, and composition is critical to the development of high performance ceramic materials.", "date": "1988", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Ceramic Transactions", "volume": "1", "number": "A", "publisher": "American Ceramic Society", "pagerange": "229-243", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:FLActr88.88", "issn": "2637-4390", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:FLActr88.88", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Caltech Program in Advanced Technologies" }, { "agency": "Aerojet General" }, { "agency": "General Motors" }, { "agency": "GTE" }, { "agency": "TRW" } ] }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jqjzr-wcw85", "eprint_id": 61851, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:07:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:51:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sahu-Ranajit", "name": { "family": "Sahu", "given": "Ranajit" } }, { "id": "Northrop-Paul-S", "name": { "family": "Northrop", "given": "Paul S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "George R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" } ] }, "title": "Char Combustion: Measurement and Analysis of Particle Temperature Histories", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Char, kinetics. combustion, pyrometry", "note": "\u00a9 1988 Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, Inc. \n\nReceived December 14, 1987; in final form May 17, 1988. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC2284FC70915. The authors also wish to thank Dr Yiannis Levendis for help with the pyrometry experiments.", "abstract": "Single particle combustion experiments were carried out with 50-100 \u03bcm char particles derived from one lignite and one HVA bituminous coal. Reactor wall temperatures in the range 1050 K to 1450 K and oxygen partial pressures of 0.21 and 0.5 were used. The complete temperature-time histories of individual burning particles were measured using two-color optical pyrometry techniques. Apparent combustion rate parameters of the chars were then estimated using a model of single particle combustion and taking into account the random particle-to-particle property variation.", "date": "1988", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Combustion Science and Technology", "volume": "60", "number": "1-3", "publisher": "Taylor & Francis", "pagerange": "215-230", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151104-143221128", "issn": "0010-2202", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151104-143221128", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC2284FC70915" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/00102208808923985", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Sahu, Ranajit; Northrop, Paul S.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9p17e-atc36", "eprint_id": 59207, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:58:33", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:14", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stern-Jennifer-E", "name": { "family": "Stern", "given": "Jennifer E." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Grosjean-Daniel", "name": { "family": "Grosjean", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6941-2490" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Aerosol formation and growth in atmospheric aromatic hydrocarbon photooxidation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review March 6, 1987. Revised manuscript received August 7, 1987. Accepted September 8, 1987. \n\nThis work was supported by the Coordinating Research Council, Project AP-6.\n\nWe acknowledge the help of Dale Warren and Toby Petti in conducting the smog chamber experiments.", "abstract": "An experimental study of aerosol formation in aromatic hydrocarbon/NO_x systems has been conducted in an outdoor smog chamber. Aerosol size distributions were measured as a function of time in toluene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene, or 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidations to determine the rates of new particle formation and the effects of initial particles on aerosol formation and growth. Aerosol yields from the aromatic gas-phase photooxidations were found to be approximately 2-5% by mass of the starting aromatic species. Simulations of the aerosol behavior in these experiments have been carried out using an integral model that includes a vapor source, homogeneous nucleation, condensational growth, and particle loss by deposition. Predictions from the model are in relatively good agreement with the experimental observations. Results indicate that the nucleation mechanism in these systems is still not completely understood.", "date": "1987-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "21", "number": "12", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "1224-1231", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-104608694", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-104608694", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Coordinating Research Council", "grant_number": "AP-6" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00165a011", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Stern, Jennifer E.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k2s5c-0ef40", "eprint_id": 120946, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:29:06", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:05:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Nguyen-Hung-V", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "Hung V." } }, { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" }, { "id": "Mimura-Tadaaki", "name": { "family": "Mimura", "given": "Tadaaki" } }, { "id": "Kousaka-Yasuo", "name": { "family": "Kousaka", "given": "Yasuo" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation in a laminar flow aerosol generator", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Colloid and Surface Chemistry; Surfaces, Coatings and Films; Biomaterials; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials", "note": "\u00a9 1987 Published by Elsevier. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8503103 and a Japan Grant-in-Aid for Environmental Science.", "abstract": "The formation of aerosol particles by homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation has been studied experimentally using a laminar flow aerosol generator. Dry gas (N\u2082 or air) saturated with dibutylphthalate (DBP), either particle-free or containing an ultrafine monodisperse aerosol, was cooled well below the saturation temperature causing the highly supersaturated vapor to nucleate. The resulting particle number concentrations were observed under various conditions of the gas stream and properties of the introduced foreign condensation nuclei. The dependence of the nucleation rate on the vapor concentration, cooling rate, and seed aerosol concentration was studied. Comparisons of the measured number concentrations with predictions based on the model of A. J. Pesthy, R. C. Flagan, and J. H. Seinfeld (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 91, 525 (1981)) showed good qualitative agreement when the classical homogeneous nucleation rates were enhanced by a factor of 10\u2075\u201310\u2077. The laminar flow aerosol generator is found to be an effective system for the study of the influence of foreign particles on the rate of homogeneous nucleation of a vapor.", "date": "1987-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "119", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "491-504", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-571215000.2", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-571215000.2", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" }, { "agency": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(87)90295-5", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Nguyen, Hung V.; Okuyama, Kikuo; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7wb1z-wrv21", "eprint_id": 59203, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:45:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:10:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cohen-Mark-D", "name": { "family": "Cohen", "given": "Mark D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3183-2558" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Studies of concentrated electrolyte solutions using the electrodynamic balance. 1. Water activities for single-electrolyte solutions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Chemical Society. \n\n(Received: December 5, 1986) \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Grant No. R-810857. The authors thank Prof. Steven Arnold of the Polytechnic Institute of New York for many useful discussions and for the particle injector used in this work.", "abstract": "An electrodynamic balance apparatus has been used to suspend single, 20-\u00b5m-diameter, charged droplets of aqueous salt solutions in a humid environment. From measurements of the humidity surrounding the droplet and the relative mass of the particle in its wet and dry states, the dependence of water activity on solute concentration was determined for aqueous solutions of the following salts at 20^oC: NaCl, NaBr, KCl, KBr, NH_4Cl, Na_2SO_4, (NH_4)_2SO4, CaC1_2, MnC1_2, and FeC1_3. This technique allowed the thermodynamics of highly supersaturated solutions to be studied, and for most of the salts, the measurements were made to higher concentrations than have previously been reported at comparable temperatures. The dependence of the solute activity coefficient on concentration was calculated for each of the salts, and the features of this dependence are discussed in relationship to ionic hydration and association. Several semiempirical electrolyte solution models were tested against the data, and it was found that salt-specific model parameters estimated from low-concentration data could not be reliably used to predict the solution behavior at high concentrations. However, with estimated parameters based on the full range of the data, the models were able to represent the experimental data to within the uncertainty in the measurements.", "date": "1987-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry", "volume": "91", "number": "17", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4563-4574", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-103257066", "issn": "0022-3654", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-103257066", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-810857" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/j100301a029", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Cohen, Mark D.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sbb4e-eqv04", "eprint_id": 59204, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:45:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cohen-Mark-D", "name": { "family": "Cohen", "given": "Mark D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3183-2558" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Studies of concentrated electrolyte solutions using the electrodynamic balance. 2. Water activities for mixed-electrolyte solutions", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Chemical Society. \n\n(Received: December 5, 1986) \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Grant No. R-810857.", "abstract": "An electrodynamic balance has been used to measure the water activity as a function of solute concentration at 20 \u00b0C for three aqueous electrolyte mixtures: NaCI-KCI, NaCl-KBr, and NaCl-(NH\u2084)\u2082SO\u2084. The measurements were performed by levitating single, charged particles of these electrolyte mixtures within the balance and measuring the mass of the particles as a function of the surrounding relative humidity. The deliquescence behavior of the mixed-electrolyte particles was also observed. For the alkali halide mixtures, the low-concentration data were consistent with earlier investigations. Data were obtained at higher concentrations than previously reported. The amount of water in the NaC1-(NH\u2084)\u2082SO\u2084 particles after drying was unknown. This, together with the lack of previously reported water activity data for this mixture, complicated the analysis of these experiments. Three models of mixed-electrolyte solutions-the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson, Reilly-Wood-Robinson, and Pitzer methods-agreed well with the experimental data for the NaCl-KCl and NaCl-KBr systems over the range of concentrations that the models could be applied. The mixing rules' predictions were consistent with the experimental observations for the NaCl-(NH\u2084)\u2082SO\u2084 system assuming a small amount of water was retained in the particles after drying.", "date": "1987-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry", "volume": "91", "number": "17", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4575-4582", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-103745250", "issn": "0022-3654", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-103745250", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-810857" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/j100301a030", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Cohen, Mark D.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ws04a-ry783", "eprint_id": 59205, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:45:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:04", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cohen-Mark-D", "name": { "family": "Cohen", "given": "Mark D." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3183-2558" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Studies of concentrated electrolyte solutions using the electrodynamic balance. 3. Solute nucleation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Chemical Society. \n\n(Received: December 5, 1986) \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under Grant No. R-810857.", "abstract": "The nucleation of crystals from aqueous solution has been investigated for several common inorganic salts alone and in mixtures. Single, charged solution droplets approximately 20 \u00b5m in diameter were suspended in an electrodynamic balance and continuously weighed. The solute concentration in the droplet was changed by adjusting the relative humidity of the air surrounding the particle. Nucleation theory was used to estimate the surface excess free energy and critical nucleus size from the measured supersaturation at which nucleation occurred.", "date": "1987-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Physical Chemistry", "volume": "91", "number": "17", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "4583-4590", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-104039418", "issn": "0022-3654", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-104039418", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-810857" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/j100301a031", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Cohen, Mark D.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xqasz-23808", "eprint_id": 10134, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:21:27", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 22:41:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Grader-Gideon", "name": { "family": "Sageev Grader", "given": "Gideon" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4371-4575" }, { "id": "Arnold-Stephen", "name": { "family": "Arnold", "given": "Stephen" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of a single aerosol particle", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "AEROSOLS, INFRARED SPECTRA, FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, DROPLETS, AMMONIUM SULFATES, SUPERSATURATION, AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS, SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 28 November 1986; accepted 17 February 1987. \n\nThis research was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant No. R-81-857 and by gifts from General Motors Corporation and Mobil Oil Corporation. S. Arnold was supported by a Chevron Visiting Professorship at the California Institute of Technology and by National Science Foundation Grant No. ATM-8413574. The authors thank Anthony B. Pluchino of the Aerospace Corporation and Ralph Waniak of Advanced Kinetics for helpful advice during this work.\n\nPublished - SAGjcp87.pdf
", "abstract": "A method is developed for obtaining the molecular composition of a single suspended microparticle by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The particle is held in an electrodynamic balance and irradiated simultaneously by the infrared output from a Michelson interferometer and the visible light from a dye laser. The laser is tuned to an edge of an optical resonance of the particle while the IR beam is chopped. Through evaporation and condensation the chopped IR beam causes a size modulation of the droplet, which in turn induces a fluctuation in the laser light scattered from the particle. The scattered light is detected at 90\u00b0 with a photomultiplier, and the amplitude of the light fluctuation is measured with a lock-in amplifier. The lock-in signal is then inverted by a discrete fast Fourier transform routine (FFT), to yield the particle absorption spectrum. Spectra of (NH\u2084)\u2082SO\u2084 droplets at different solute concentrations are presented. The data shown include the first infrared spectrum of a highly supersaturated solution.", "date": "1987-06-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "86", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "5897-5903", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SAGjcp87", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SAGjcp87", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-81-857" }, { "agency": "General Motors" }, { "agency": "Mobil Oil Corporation" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8413574" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.452473", "primary_object": { "basename": "SAGjcp87.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xqasz-23808/files/SAGjcp87.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Sageev Grader, Gideon; Arnold, Stephen; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/18jhj-11r74", "eprint_id": 10138, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:16:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 22:41:46", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Grader-Gideon", "name": { "family": "Sageev Grader", "given": "Gideon" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4371-4575" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Arnold-S", "name": { "family": "Arnold", "given": "Stephen" } } ] }, "title": "Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for a single aerosol particle", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROMETERS, FOURIER TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, AEROSOLS, INFRARED SPECTRA, MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER, LIGHT SCATTERING, DESIGN, OPERATION, ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS, PERFORMANCE, LOCK\u2212, IN AMPLIFIERS, MIRRORS, SIGNAL PROCESSING, AMMONIUM SULFATES, DROPLETS", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 2 December 1986; accepted 18 December 1986. \n\nThis research was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant R-810857 and by gifts from General Motors Corporation and Mobil Oil Corporation. S. Arnold was supported by a Chevron Visiting Professorship at the California Institute of Technology and by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8413574. The authors thank Anthony \nB. Pluchino of the Aerospace Corporation and Ralph Waniak of Advanced Kinetics for helpful advice during this work.\n\nPublished - SAGrsi87.pdf
", "abstract": "A spectrometer is reported here for obtaining the infrared spectrum of a single aqueous aerosol particle by a Fourier transform technique. The particle is held in an electrodynamic balance and irradiated simultaneously by the infrared output from a Michelson interferometer and the visible light from a dye laser. The size of the particle is modulated by chopping the IR beam, and the resulting visible scattered light fluctuation is detected at 90\u00b0 with a photomultiplier tube. The amplitude of the scattered light fluctuation is measured with a lock-in amplifier at each interferometer mirror position. The electronic circuitry for stepping the interferometer mirror is presented and discussed. Inverting the lock-in signal by a discrete fast Fourier transform routine (FFT) yields the particle absorption spectrum. The resulting spectrum for an (NH4)2SO4 droplet is presented.", "date": "1987-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "volume": "58", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "584-587", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SAGrsi87", "issn": "0034-6748", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SAGrsi87", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-810857" }, { "agency": "General Motors" }, { "agency": "Mobil Oil Corporation" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8413574" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1139220", "primary_object": { "basename": "SAGrsi87.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/18jhj-11r74/files/SAGrsi87.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Sageev Grader, Gideon; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vympz-8q569", "eprint_id": 58722, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:28:08", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:39:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Warren-Dale-R", "name": { "family": "Warren", "given": "Dale R." } }, { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" }, { "id": "Kousaka-Yasuo", "name": { "family": "Kousaka", "given": "Yasuo" } }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Homogeneous nucleation in supersaturated vapor containing foreign seed aerosol", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 Elsevier. \n\nReceived April 3, 1986; accepted July 24, 1986. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8503103 and Japan Grant-in-Aid for Environmental Science 60030039.", "abstract": "The formation of aerosol particles by homogeneous nucleation in a supersaturated vapor containing seed aerosol has been studied experimentally and theoretically. In the laboratory, a room-temperature gas optionally containing zinc chloride particles is continuously mixed with a high-temperature gas saturated with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) vapor in a previously discussed device for the study of aerosol nucleation known as a particle size magnifier (PSM). A highly supersaturated vapor is rapidly formed in the mixing zone of the PSM, and gas-to-particle conversion ensues. The vapor may be converted to the aerosol phase by condensation onto the preexisting particles or by homogeneous nucleation to form new particles which then serve as condensation sites themselves. The split between these alternate pathways for gas-to-particle conversion may be deduced from measurements of the resulting aerosol concentrations for different initial supersaturations, seed aerosol concentrations, and seed aerosol sizes. The measured final aerosol concentrations are compared with those predicted by a dynamic model that combines expressions for classical nucleation theory and for steady-state particle growth, and agreement is found to within experimental uncertainties. Suppression of homogeneous nucleation by seed aerosol is not predicted to be strong unless seed aerosol number concentrations are larger than the number concentrations which would result from homogeneous nucleation alone.", "date": "1987-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "116", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "563-581", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-170240427", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-170240427", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" }, { "agency": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)", "grant_number": "60030039" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(87)90152-4", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Warren, Dale R.; Okuyama, Kikuo; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/22whm-dp570", "eprint_id": 58724, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:24:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:39:47", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wu-Jin-Jwang", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Jin Jwang" } }, { "id": "Nguyen-Hung-V", "name": { "family": "Nguyen", "given": "Hung V." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "A method for the synthesis of submicron particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived August 11, 1986. In Final Form: December 17, 1986. \n\nThis work was supported by the Program in Advanced Technologies of the California Institute of Technology. The provision of the X-ray diffractonmeter from Professor William L. Johnson is greatly appreciated. \n\nPresented at the symposium on \"Fine Particles: High Temperature Synthesis\", 60th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium, Atlanta, GA; June 15-18, 1986; G. Mulholland, Chairman.", "abstract": "Powder synthesis by thermally induced vapor-phase reactions in aerosol reactors is described. The powders generated by this technique consist of high-purity, spherical, nonagglomerated, and uniformly sized particles\nin the 0.1-\u00b5m size range. Most of the particles are crystalline spheres. A theoretical examination based on the discrete-sectional model is presented. The comparison shows that the calculated size distribution of the final product from the aerosol reactor is fairly consistent with that observed experimentally.", "date": "1987-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Langmuir", "volume": "3", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "266-271", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-170818779", "issn": "0743-7463", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-170818779", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Caltech" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/la00074a021", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Wu, Jin Jwang; Nguyen, Hung V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y5g68-vfy56", "eprint_id": 59206, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:24:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:11:12", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Northrop-Paul-S", "name": { "family": "Northrop", "given": "P. S." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "G. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" } ] }, "title": "Measurement of gas adsorption isotherms by continuous adsorbate addition", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived November 3, 1986. In Final Form: January 21, 1987.\n\nThis work was supported by DOE Grant DE-AC2284PC70915.", "abstract": "A technique of measuring gas adsorption isotherms by continuous addition of adsorbate gas to the sample is described. Flow rates in the range of 0.01-1 mL (STP)/min can be obtained by means of orifices with diameters of 1-10 \u03bcm. The continuous-flow technique is compared with the customary incremental addition of the adsorbate gas for two sorbents, a \u03b3-alumina and a high volatile bituminous coal.", "date": "1987-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Langmuir", "volume": "3", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "300-302", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-104411710", "issn": "0743-7463", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150805-104411710", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-AC2284PC70915" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/la00074a027", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Northrop, P. S.; Flagan, R. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fmd1t-kns49", "eprint_id": 120990, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:14:07", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:06:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gregory-Otto-J", "name": { "family": "Gregory", "given": "Otto J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4037-3755" }, { "id": "Lee-Sang-Baek", "name": { "family": "Lee", "given": "Sang-Baek" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Reaction Sintering of Submicrometer Silicon Powder", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Materials Chemistry; Ceramics and Composites", "note": "\u00a9 1987 The American Ceramic Society. \n\nSupported by the URI Foundation at the University of Rhode Island. \n\nThe authors thank Kevin Fish and Mary Costa for the timely preparation of the manuscript.", "abstract": "Submicrometer silicon powder synthesized by thermally induced, vapor-phase reaction in an aerosol reactor was densified by reaction sintering to form Si\u2083N\u2084. The densification behavior of these spherical, nonagglomerated particles in the 0.1 to 0.2 \u03bcm size range is described. Competition between densification by silicon sintering and reaction product infilling was observed at typical reaction sintering temperatures. In addition, pore growth during the early stages of silicon presintering adversely affected nitrogen permeability and nitriding rates. The factors influencing the nitridation of ultrafine silicon powders are discussed.", "date": "1987-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of the American Ceramic Society", "volume": "70", "number": "3", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "C52-C55", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-318485000.26", "issn": "0002-7820", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-318485000.26", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "URI Foundation" } ] }, "doi": "10.1111/j.1151-2916.1987.tb04964.x", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Gregory, Otto J.; Lee, Sang-Baek; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x47tc-efx93", "eprint_id": 4720, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:12:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 17:54:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wu-Jin-Jwang", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Jin Jwang" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Onset of runaway nucleation in aerosol reactors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "NUCLEATION; CRYSTAL GROWTH; CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; SILICON; SEEDS; SILANES; PYROLYSIS; SOLID CLUSTERS", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Institute of Physics \n\n(Received 9 January 1986; accepted 28 October 1986) \n\nThe assistance of B. Ellen Johnson in constructing the aerosol flow reactor system and Patrick F. Koen in performing the scanning electron microscopy is gratefully acknowledged. The research described in this paper wsa carried out for the Flat-Plate Solar Array Project, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, and was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy through an agreement with NASA.\n\nPublished - WUJjap87.pdf
", "abstract": "The onset of homogeneous nucleation of new particles from the products of gas phase chemical reactions was explored using an aerosol reactor in which seed particles of silicon were grown by silane pyrolysis. The transition from seed growth by cluster deposition to catastrophic nucleation was extremely abrupt, with as little as a 17% change in the reactant concentration leading to an increase in the concentration of measurable particles of four orders of magnitude. From the structure of the particles grown near this transition, it is apparent that much of the growth occurs by the accumulation of clusters on the growing seed particles. The time scale for cluster diffusion indicates, however, that the clusters responsible for growth must be much smaller than the apparent fine structure of the product particles.", "date": "1987-02-15", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Applied Physics", "volume": "61", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "1365-1371", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:WUJjap87", "issn": "0021-8979", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:WUJjap87", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "WUJjap87.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x47tc-efx93/files/WUJjap87.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Wu, Jin Jwang and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6qbtn-7rq94", "eprint_id": 61900, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:12:02", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:02:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sharma-P-K", "name": { "family": "Sharma", "given": "P. K." } }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "G. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Calcium pretreatment of coal for sulphur emissions control in combustion", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "combustion of coal; sulphur; calcium", "note": "\u00a9 1987 Published by Elsevier Ltd. \n\nReceived 24 March 1986; revised 21 August 1986. \n\nThis work was supported by the US Department of Energy, grant No. DE-FG22-83PC60801.", "abstract": "A new technique is described for precipitating CaCO\u2083 within the porous space of coal with the objective of reducing sulphur emissions during combustion/gasification. Results are reported from two combustion experiments conducted under fuel lean conditions in a laminar flow reactor.", "date": "1987-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Fuel", "volume": "66", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "207-209", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151105-124152829", "issn": "0016-2361", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151105-124152829", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-83PC60801" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0016-2361(87)90242-0", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Sharma, P. K.; Gavalas, G. R.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/0b7hx-tfy98", "eprint_id": 58721, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:20:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:39:33", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Biswas-Pratim", "name": { "family": "Biswas", "given": "Pratim" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1104-3738" }, { "id": "Jones-Carol-L", "name": { "family": "Jones", "given": "Carol L." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Distortion of Size Distributions by Condensation and Evaporation in Aerosol Instruments", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Association for Aerosol Research.\n\nReceived May 1986; accepted 28 October 1986\n\nThis research was supported by Environmental Protection Agency Grants R-809191 and 810857. The conclusions represent the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinion, policies, or recomendation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.", "abstract": "Aerosols that contain volatile species or condensable vapors may be altered by changes in temperature, pressure, and vapor concentration. When such changes occur within aerosol sampling instruments, the measured size distribution can be distorted significantly. The distortion of particle size distributions in a number of commonly used aerosol instruments, including cascade impactors, both conventional and low pressure instruments, and optical particle counters, is explored both theoretically and experimentally in this paper. Ammonium sulfate aerosols in humid atmospheres have been used to test the instruments. In a low pressure impactor in which the pressure is intentionally reduced to facilitate the collection of small particles, a water containing particle may shrink due to evaporation as the pressure is reduced. However, if the sample flow is also accelerated to high velocities, aerodynamic cooling can lead to condensation of water vapor and particle growth. Either of these competing effects may lead to erroneous estimates of the particle size distribution. Optical particle counters generally use a recirculated sheath airflow. Pumps and electrical dissipation heat this air, leading to a temperature increase that shifts the vapor equilibrium, causing a decrease in particle size due to evaporation. Modifications\nhave been made to avoid this distortion in measured size distributions.", "date": "1987-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "7", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "231-246", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-170058965", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-170058965", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-809191010" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-810857" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786828708959161", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Biswas, Pratim; Jones, Carol L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w4236-ac367", "eprint_id": 120948, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:10:55", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:05:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Kreidenweis-Sonya-M", "name": { "family": "Kreidenweis", "given": "Sonya M." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Evaporation and Growth of Multicomponent Aerosols Laboratory Applications", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Pollution; General Materials Science; Environmental Chemistry", "note": "\u00a9 1987 Informa. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8503103.", "abstract": "Design equations for two types of devices used in aerosol growth and evaporation studies, the well-mixed vessel and the diffusion dryer, are developed and their use demonstrated for aqueous salt solution particles. The results of several common simplifying approximations are evaluated. An approximate method for determining residence times required for drying particles that exhibit a hysteresis effect, accurate to within several percent for the cases considered, is suggested.", "date": "1987-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "6", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "1-14", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-571248000.6", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-571248000.6", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786828708959115", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Kreidenweis, Sonya M.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sz8w7-frd84", "eprint_id": 58720, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:15:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:39:24", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" }, { "id": "Kousaka-Yasuo", "name": { "family": "Kousaka", "given": "Yasuo" } }, { "id": "Warren-Dale-R", "name": { "family": "Warren", "given": "Dale R." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Homogeneous Nucleation by Continuous Mixing of High Temperature Vapor with Room Temperature Gas", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1987 American Association for Aerosol Research.\n\nReceived 17 October 1985; accepted 5 February 1986. \n\nThis work was supported by Japan Grant-in-Aid for Environmental Science 60030039 and National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8503103.", "abstract": "The formation of aerosol particles by homogeneous nucleation in a supersaturated vapor has been studied experimentally and theoretically. In the laboratory, a particle-free gas at room temperature is continuously mixed with a high-temperature gas containing dibutylphthalate vapor in a new device for the study of aerosol nucleation called a particle size magnifier. A highly supersaturated vapor is rapidly formed in the mixing zone of the particle size magnifier, and the resulting number concentrations of aerosol particles are measured under various temperatures, mixing ratios, and mixing methods. Measured number concentrations are compared with those predicted by the classical and Lothe-Pound nucleation theories. The measured concentrations lie between the predictions of the two theories, and the trends with temperature and saturation ratio are consistent with either nucleation theory, provided vapor depletion is considered.", "date": "1987-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "6", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "15-27", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-165846934", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-165846934", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)", "grant_number": "60030039" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786828708959116", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Okuyama, Kikuo; Kousaka, Yasuo; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h9mv9-90x89", "eprint_id": 58723, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:08:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:39:41", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Levendis-Yiannis-A", "name": { "family": "Levendis", "given": "Yiannis A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Combustion of Uniformly Sized Glassy Carbon Particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Gordon and Breach. \n\n(Received August 18, 1986; in final form January 5, 1987) \n\nThis research was supported by U.S. Department of Energy University Coal Programs Grant Number DE-FG22-84PC70775. The authors gratefully acknowledge technical discussions and assistance from George Gavalis, Patrick Koen, Scott Northrop, Ranajit Sahu, and Adel Sarofim.", "abstract": "A method for production of spherical particles of glassy carbon has been developed. The panicles exhibit some differences in surface structure, but are otherwise uniform in size and shape. In drop-tube combustion experiments at wall temperatures ranging from 1200 K to 1600 K, some panicles ignited and burned rapidly, reaching temperatures several hundred degrees higher than the wall temperature, while others burned as much as two orders of magnitude more slowly at temperatures only slightly higher than that of the reactor wall. In spite of these differences in ignition behavior, the particles burned with an intrinsic reaction rate that was in close agreement with the Nagle and Strickland-Constable rate for pyrolytic graphite as well as rates previously measured for carbon black and coal char oxidation. X-ray diffraction measurements show that graphitization occurs rapidly in a hot oxidizing atmosphere. Rapid anneal ing of the carbon structure might account for the similarity of the high temperature oxidation rates of carbons from different sources.", "date": "1987", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Combustion Science and Technology", "volume": "53", "number": "2-3", "publisher": "Gordon and Breach", "pagerange": "117-136", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-170642474", "issn": "0010-2202", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-170642474", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-84PC70775" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/00102208708947023", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Levendis, Yiannis A. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/86sqp-j5s34", "eprint_id": 58719, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:59:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:38:59", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Okuyama-Kikuo", "name": { "family": "Okuyama", "given": "Kikuo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1477-1442" }, { "id": "Kousaka-Yasuo", "name": { "family": "Kousaka", "given": "Yasuo" } }, { "id": "Tohge-Noboru", "name": { "family": "Tohge", "given": "Noboru" } }, { "id": "Yamamoto-Satoru", "name": { "family": "Yamamoto", "given": "Satoru" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0238-3039" }, { "id": "Wu-Jin-Jwang", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Jin Jwang" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "J. H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Production of ultrafine metal oxide aerosol particles by thermal decomposition of metal alkoxide vapors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. \n\nManuscript received Mar. 17, 1986.", "abstract": "Ultrafine spherical titanium, silicon, and aluminium oxide particles were prepared by the thermal decomposition of their alkoxide vapors, produced by evaporation and subsequent heating. High-concentration ultrafine particles having geometric mean diameters ranging between 0.01 and 0.06 \u03bcm and a geometric standard deviation of about 1.4 were obtained by varying the temperatures of the evaporator containing the liquid alkoxides and the reactor furnace, and the flow rate of carrier gas. For furnace temperatures lower than 400\u00b0C for TiO\u2082 and 1000\u00b0C for SiO\u2082 and Al\u2082O\u2083, the particles obtained were found to be amorphous. The observed changes in the particle size distributions due to changes in operating conditions were compared with those predicted theoretically by solving the discrete-continuous aerosol general dynamic equation accounting for coagulation and generation of monomer by thermal decomposition. The effect of monomer number concentration on the size distribution of generated particles was found to be qualitatively explained.", "date": "1986-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "AIChE Journal", "volume": "32", "number": "12", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "2010-2019", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-165604475", "issn": "0001-1541", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-165604475", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)", "grant_number": "60030039" }, { "agency": "Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)", "grant_number": "60750876" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8503103" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/aic.690321211", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Okuyama, Kikuo; Kousaka, Yasuo; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yt23a-26537", "eprint_id": 120954, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:59:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:05:23", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Grader-Gideon", "name": { "family": "Sageev", "given": "Gideon" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4371-4575" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Arnold-Stephen-R", "name": { "family": "Arnold", "given": "Stephen" } } ] }, "title": "Condensation rate of water on aqueous droplets in the transition regime", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Colloid and Surface Chemistry; Surfaces, Coatings and Films; Biomaterials; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Academic Press. \n\nThis work was supported by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant R-810857. S. Arnold was supported by a Chevron Visiting Professorship at the California Institute of Technology and by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8413574. The authors thank Anthony B. Pluchino of the Aerospace Corporation and Thomas Dunn for their advice during this work.", "abstract": "The rate of condensation of water on single aqueous solution drops in the transition regime is measured with an electrodynamic balance. Observed characteristic relaxation times are compared with those predicted theoretically to determine the thermal accommodation coefficient, which is found to be unity (consistent with the accepted value in the literature). Due to the large heat of vaporization of water and the experimental conditions used, the relaxation time is relatively insensitive to the water mass accommodation coefficient, although the data would support a value close to unity.", "date": "1986-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "113", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "421-429", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-571311000.12", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-571311000.12", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-810857" }, { "agency": "Chevron Corporation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8413574" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(86)90177-3", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Sageev, Gideon; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/89e0b-tma98", "eprint_id": 4719, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:54:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 17:54:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wu-Jin-Jwang", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Jin Jwang" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gregory-Otto-J", "name": { "family": "Gregory", "given": "Otto J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4037-3755" } ] }, "title": "Submicron silicon powder production in an aerosol reactor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "SILICON; SYNTHESIS; FABRICATION; MICROSPHERES; POWDERS; CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; POWDER METALLURGY; SPHEROIDS", "note": "\u00a9 1986 American Institute of Physics \n\n(Received 24 February 1986; accepted 19 May 1986) \n\nThis work was supported in part by the Flat Plate Solar Array Project, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy through an agreement with NASA.\n\nPublished - WUJapl86.pdf
", "abstract": "Powder synthesis by thermally induced vapor phase reactions is described. The powder generated by this technique consists of spherical, nonagglomerated particles of high purity. The particles are uniform in size, in the 0.1\u20130.2 \u00b5m size range. Most of the particles are crystalline spheres. A small fraction of the spheres are amorphous. Chain agglomerates account for less than 1% of the spherules.", "date": "1986-07-14", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "volume": "49", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "82-84", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:WUJapl86", "issn": "0003-6951", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:WUJapl86", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.97358", "primary_object": { "basename": "WUJapl86.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/89e0b-tma98/files/WUJapl86.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Wu, Jin Jwang; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7y58y-jdb03", "eprint_id": 10137, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:49:05", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 22:41:44", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Grader-Gideon", "name": { "family": "Sageev", "given": "Gideon" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4371-4575" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Particle sizing in the electrodynamic balance", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "PARTICLE SIZE CLASSIFIERS, PARTICLE SIZE, ELECTRODYNAMICS, MICROBALANCES, SAMPLING, DESIGN, PERFORMANCE, ELECTRIC FIELDS, MICROSPHERES, LATEX, POLYSTYRENE, SEDIMENTATION, ANALOG\u2212, TO\u2212, DIGITAL CONVERTERS, DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS", "note": "\u00a9 1986 American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 18 November 1985; accepted 29 January 1986. \n\nThis work was supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant R-810857. The authors wish to thank John Lee and Wade Regehr of Caltech for their help during this project.\n\nPublished - SAGrsi86.pdf
", "abstract": "We report a new technique for sizing particles in the electrodynamic balance. In this technique, the trajectory of a falling particle is followed with a photomultiplier tube. Particle velocities are measured by placing a mask between the particle and the detector. The masked region in the particle trajectory is roughly 0.6 mm wide. Output from the PMT is sampled every millisecond by an A/D converter and stored in a computer. Flight times of several hundred milliseconds are measured and the size is then computed from the particle's terminal velocity. With a modification of the mask, the technique is used to verify the uniformity of the electric field through which the particle is falling. In the present work we use the technique to determine size of polystryrene latex microspheres having nominal diameters of 10 and 20 \u00b5. The technique can be used on any size particle, independent of its charge-to-mass ratio, and provides the size information in a short time.", "date": "1986-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "volume": "57", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "933-936", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:SAGrsi86", "issn": "0034-6748", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:SAGrsi86", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-810857" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1138837", "primary_object": { "basename": "SAGrsi86.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7y58y-jdb03/files/SAGrsi86.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Sageev, Gideon; Seinfeld, John H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ne9hq-9t224", "eprint_id": 58718, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:31:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:38:56", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stern-Jennifer-E", "name": { "family": "Stern", "given": "Jennifer E." } }, { "id": "Wu-Jin-Jwang", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Jin-Jwang" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Effect of spatial inhomogeneities on the rate of homogeneous nucleation in systems with aerosol particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Academic Press.\n\nReceived June 10, 1985; accepted September 4, 1985. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8208625 and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory by the U.S. Dept. of Energy.", "abstract": "The presence of growing particles in a system leads to spatial inhomogeneities in the vapor concentration. The effect of these spatial variations on the rate of formation of new particles by homogeneous nucleation is examined theoretically using a cell model. Results indicate that the presence of these inhomogeneities in systems both with and without initial aerosol has generally little effect on the final number concentration of particles following a nucleation \"event.\"", "date": "1986-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "110", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "533-543", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-165408412", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-165408412", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8208625" }, { "agency": "JPL" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(86)90406-6", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Stern, Jennifer E.; Wu, Jin-Jwang; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6n9n9-7n855", "eprint_id": 120959, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:47:42", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:05:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stern-Jennifer-E", "name": { "family": "Stern", "given": "Jennifer E." } }, { "id": "Wu-Jin-Jwang", "name": { "family": "Wu", "given": "Jin-Jwang" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Effect of spatial inhomogeneities on the rate of homogeneous nucleation in systems with aerosol particles", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Colloid and Surface Chemistry; Surfaces, Coatings and Films; Biomaterials; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Published by Elsevier. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant ATM-8208625 and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory by the U.S. Dept. of Energy.", "abstract": "The presence of growing particles in a system leads to spatial inhomogencities in the vapor concentration. The effect of these spatial variations on the rate of formation of new particles by homogeneous nucleation is examined theoretically using a cell model. Results indicate that the presence of these inhomogeneities in systems both with and without initial aerosol has generally little effect on the final number concentration of particles following a nucleation \"event.\"", "date": "1986-04", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "110", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "533-543", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-571429000.20", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230418-571429000.20", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8208625" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(86)90406-6", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Stern, Jennifer E.; Wu, Jin-Jwang; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gz5zz-d6774", "eprint_id": 61902, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:39:32", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:03:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Chang-Karl-Kho-Chung", "name": { "family": "Chang", "given": "K. K." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Gavalas-G-R", "name": { "family": "Gavalas", "given": "G. R." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1468-6835" }, { "id": "Sharma-P-K", "name": { "family": "Sharma", "given": "P. K." } } ] }, "title": "Combustion of calcium-exchanged coals", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "coal; calcium-exchanged; combustion", "note": "\u00a9 1986 Butterworth & Co. \n\nReceived 4 March 1985; revised 19 April 1985. \n\nThis work was funded by DOE-PETC, University Research Program, Grant No. DE-FG22-83PC60801.", "abstract": "The combustion of calcium-exchanged coals was studied in a laminar flow reactor under strongly fuel-lean conditions. The aim was to study the nature of release and capture of sulphur oxides in the presence of finely dispersed calcium oxide and explore the effectiveness of calcium-exchange pretreatment for sulphur emission control in coal combustion. The experimental variables were residence time, oxygen concentration, reactor temperature and amount of calcium additive. A Texas lignite and an Indiana high volatile B bituminous coal were used. Analysis of the experimental data indicated that sulphur capture increased with residence time and oxygen concentration. The results also showed that sulphur capture was approximately proportional to the Ca/S ratio of the coals.", "date": "1986-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Fuel", "volume": "65", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "75-80", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20151105-124153381", "issn": "0016-2361", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151105-124153381", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-FG22-83PC60801" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0016-2361(86)90145-6", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Chang, K. K.; Flagan, R. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/aw41e-0t772", "eprint_id": 58717, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:14:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:38:51", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Alam-Munazza-K", "name": { "family": "Alam", "given": "M. K." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4157-832X" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Controlled Nucleation Aerosol Reactors: Production of Bulk Silicon", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1986 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 3 June 1985; accepted 27 September 1985. \n\nThis research was supported by the Department of Energy sponsored Flat Plate Solar Array Project at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology.", "abstract": "A new type of aerosol reactor is described. By controlling the rate of gas phase reactions such that vapor diffusion to existing particles is favored over homogeneous nucleation, a small number of seed particles can be grown to supermicron sizes. A model for the influence of growing particles on the rate of homogeneous nucleation has been used to design a reactor for the production of silicon particles by thermal decomposition of silane gas. Particles as large as 9 \u03bcm mass median diameter have been grown in this two-stage reactor. Silicon aerosol yields ranging from 70% to 83% have been achieved with this system.", "date": "1986", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "5", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "237-248", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-165219572", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-165219572", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786828608959090", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1986", "author_list": "Alam, M. K. and Flagan, R. C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hescp-brw08", "eprint_id": 3993, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:23:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-16 16:15:22", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jacob-Daniel-J", "name": { "family": "Jacob", "given": "Daniel J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6373-3100" }, { "id": "Waldman-Jed-M", "name": { "family": "Waldman", "given": "Jed M." } }, { "id": "Haghi-Mehrdad", "name": { "family": "Haghi", "given": "Mehrdad" } }, { "id": "Hoffmann-M-R", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Michael R." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6495-1946" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Instrument to collect fogwater for chemical analysis", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "DROPLETS; FOG; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; AEROSOLS; AIR POLLUTION MONITORS; DESIGN; AEROSOL MONITORING", "note": "\u00a9 1985 American Institute of Physics. \n\n(Received 2 January 1985; accepted 16 February 1985) \n\nElton F. Daly and Joseph F. Fontana constructed the collector and offered valuable practical suggestions. We thank an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments. This work was funded by the California Air Resources Board.\n\nPublished - JACrsi85.pdf
", "abstract": "An instrument is presented which collects large samples of ambient fogwater by impaction of droplets on a screen. The collection efficiency of the instrument is determined as a function of droplet size, and it is shown that fog droplets in the range 3\u2013100-\u00b5m diameter are efficiently collected. No significant evaporation or condensation occurs at any stage of the collection process. Field testing indicates that samples collected are representative of the ambient fogwater. The instrument may easily be automated, and is suitable for use in routine air quality monitoring programs.", "date": "1985-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Review of Scientific Instruments", "volume": "56", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "1291-1293", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:JACrsi85", "issn": "0034-6748", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:JACrsi85", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "California Air Resources Board (CARB)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1137995", "primary_object": { "basename": "JACrsi85.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hescp-brw08/files/JACrsi85.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Jacob, Daniel J.; Waldman, Jed M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w48h3-2se92", "eprint_id": 58297, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:45:38", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:13:55", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Leone-Joseph-A", "name": { "family": "Leone", "given": "Joseph A." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Grosjean-Daniel", "name": { "family": "Grosjean", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6941-2490" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "An outdoor smog chamber and modeling study of toluene-NO\u2093 photooxidation", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1985 Wiley. \n\nReceived May 31, 1984. Accepted August 10, 1984. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation Grant No. ATM-8208625. The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Toby Shafer and Dale Warren in performing the chamber experiments. Helpful discussions with W. P. L. Carter are also acknowledged.", "abstract": "An experimental investigation of the gas-phase photooxidation of toluene\u2013NO\u2093\u2013air mixtures at part-per-million concentrations has been carried out in a 65-m\u00b3, outdoor smog chamber to assess our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of toluene. In addition, six CO-NO\u2093\u2013air irradiations were conducted to characterize the chamber with regard to any wall radical sources. Measured parameters in the toluene\u2013NO\u2093 experiments included O\u2083, NO, NO\u2082, HNO\u2083, peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), CO, toluene, benzaldehyde, o-cresol, m-nitrotoluene, peroxybenzoyl nitrate (PBZN), temperature, relative humidity, aerosol size distributions, and particulate organic carbon. Predictions of the reaction mechanism of Leone and Seinfeld [7] are found to be in good agreement with the data under a variety of initial conditions. Additional simulations are used to investigate various mechanistic pathways in areas where our understanding of toluene chemistry is still incomplete.", "date": "1985-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "International Journal of Chemical Kinetics", "volume": "17", "number": "2", "publisher": "Wiley", "pagerange": "177-216", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150616-170135922", "issn": "0538-8066", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150616-170135922", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM-8208625" } ] }, "doi": "10.1002/kin.550170206", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Leone, Joseph A.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nce8c-h2t77", "eprint_id": 120934, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:14:21", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 16:15:01", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Senior-Constance-L", "name": { "family": "Senior", "given": "Constance L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1454-4194" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Synthetic chars for the study of ash vaporization", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Microbiology (medical); Immunology; Immunology and Allergy", "note": "\u00a9 1985 Published by Elsevier.", "abstract": "Synthetic chars have been produced in order to facilitate the study of ash vaporization mechanisms. The synthetic chars are glassy carbons produced by the polymerization of furfuryl alcohol. Simple minerals are added to the polymer prior to curing in order to generate chars for which the ash thermodynamics are known. Although simple glassy carbons generally have low surface areas, the surface area can be increased by two orders of magnitude by adding carbon black to the polymer. The resulting pore structure substantially alters the way the char burns. \n\nAsh vaporization from synthetic chars containing 1 to 4 micron quartz inclusions was studied in an externally heated laminar flow reactor. The fraction of the quarts ash vaporized varied from 0.3 to 33 percent for combustion in a 1600 K furnace in gases containing 40 to 100 percent oxygen in nitrogen. Calculated particle temperatures were between 2200 K and 2900 K. \n\nQuartz in the synthetic char appeared to be vaporized directly rather than by reduction to SiO as previously reported for cool chars. The vaporization rates were below those predicted for SiO\u2082 vapor equilibrium at the char surface, but above those predicted when the diffusional resistance within the char was taken into account.", "date": "1985-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Symposium (International) on Combustion", "volume": "20", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "921-929", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230417-377785000.21", "issn": "0082-0784", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230417-377785000.21", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/s0082-0784(85)80581-6", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1985", "author_list": "Senior, Constance L. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1ndwq-s7e21", "eprint_id": 58704, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:13:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:38:09", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jacob-Daniel-J", "name": { "family": "Jacob", "given": "Daniel J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6373-3100" }, { "id": "Wang-Rueen-Fang-T", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Rueen Fang T." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Fogwater collector design and characterization", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1984 American Chemical Society\n\nReceived for review August 8, 1983. Accepted May 15,1984. \n\nThis research was funded by the California Air Resources Board (A2-048-32) and the President's Fund of the California Institute of Technology. \n\nE. F. Daly and J. J. Fontana constructed the collectors and provided many valuable practical suggestions. Comments from D. S. Wood, J. M. Waldman, J. W. Munger, and M. R. Hoffmann are gratefully acknowledged.\n\nCorrection. Fogwater Collector Design and Characterization. Daniel J. Jacob , Rueen-Fang T. Wang , Richard C. Flagan. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1985, 19 (3), pp 288\u2013288 DOI: 10.1021/es00133a608", "abstract": "The detailed characterization of a rotating arm collector to sample ambient fog droplets for chemical analysis is presented. Because of the large volume of sample required, and because fog droplets are of supermicron size and are sensitive to local thermodynamic disturbances, conventional methods for atmospheric aerosol sampling are not suitable for fogwater sampling. Design criteria for fogwater samplers are outlined. Devices used in previous investigations are evaluated in light of these criteria. The design of a rotating arm collector is discussed, and it is shown that\nthis instrument performs adequately in preserving the physical and chemical integrity of the sample at all stages of collection. Limitations in the design due to mechanical constraints are discussed. Results of an in situ calibration experiment using a chemically tagged monodisperse aerosol indicate a size cut of 20-pm diameter.", "date": "1984-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "18", "number": "11", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "827-833", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-110005659", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-110005659", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "California Air Resources Board", "grant_number": "A2-048-32" }, { "agency": "Caltech President's Fund" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00133a608", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Jacob, Daniel J.; Wang, Rueen Fang T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8vy5q-rgk39", "eprint_id": 58703, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:05:35", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:38:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Biswas-Pratim", "name": { "family": "Biswas", "given": "Pratim" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "High-Velocity Inertial Impactors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1984 American Chemical Society\n\nReceived for review July 28,1983. Accepted February 3,1984.\n\nFunding for this research was provided by the Office of Research and Development, US. Environmental Protection Agency, under Grant R-809191010. The conclusions represent the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the opinions, policies, or recommendations of the US. Environmental Protection Agency.", "abstract": "Cascade impactors with large pressure drops across individual stages are useful for classifying submicron aerosols even though the flow becomes compressible when the ratio of the downstream to upstream stagnation pressure falls below r = 0.95 and sonic when r < 0.53 (for air). The variation of collection efficiency with pressure ratio is examined experimentally. The cutoff Stokes number does not exhibit significant dependence on the pressure ratio in the range from r = 0.97 (incompressible flow) to r = 0.19 (choked flow). The impactor stage pressure ratio may be estimated by modeling the stage as a nonideal, compressible flow nozzle with a discharge coefficient which is well correlated with the jet Reynolds number divided by the nozzle throat aspect ratio. Predictions of the variation of the cutoff diameter with flow rate, temperature, and inlet pressure are presented for impactors with high Mach number jets.", "date": "1984-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "18", "number": "8", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "611-616", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-105755532", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-105755532", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-809191010" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es00126a009", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Biswas, Pratim and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/mjebf-dm302", "eprint_id": 120887, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 03:46:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:03:43", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Alam-M-Khairul", "name": { "family": "Alam", "given": "M. Khairul" } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Simultaneous homogeneous nucleation and aerosol growth", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Colloid and Surface Chemistry; Surfaces, Coatings and Films; Biomaterials; Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials", "note": "\u00a9 1984 Published by Elsevier. \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge support for this work by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology and the Department of Energy under the Flat Plate Solar Array Project. Suggestions from Fred Gelbard are deeply appreciated.", "abstract": "A growing aerosol influences homogeneous nucleation rates by changing the vapor concentration around the particles. A theoretical analysis is undertaken to determine the nucleation rates in the presence of particles ranging from the free-molecular to the continuum regime. The results are combined with particle growth laws to predict the time, evolution of the aerosol produced by a condensing vapor.", "date": "1984-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "97", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "232-246", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230414-547190000.8", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230414-547190000.8", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "JPL/Caltech" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(84)90289-3", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1984", "author_list": "Alam, M. Khairul and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c4ap6-wgd86", "eprint_id": 49906, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 16:04:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 22:18:27", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Crump-James-G", "name": { "family": "Crump", "given": "James G." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "An experimental study of the oxidation of sulfur dioxide in aqueous manganese sulfate aerosols", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1983 Pergamon Press Ltd. First received 14 September 1982 and in final form 23 December 1982. \n\nThis work was supported in part by a grant from the Exxon Education Foundation.", "abstract": "A continuous stirred tank reactor is used to study growth of manganese sulfate (MnSO\u2084) aerosols due to catalytic oxidation of SO\u2082 in humid air. Humidities ranged from 91\u201397% and SO\u2082 concentrations from 0 to 92 ppm. The results of the growth studies are consistent with the rate expression for production of sulfuric acid:\nd[H\u2082SO\u2084]/dt = (8.3 \u00b1 2.5) x 10\u207b\u2075/[H\u207a]Ms\u207b\u00b9. This expression is estimated to hold for [Mn\u00b2\u207a] \u2a7e 0.O1 M and [SO\u2082] \u2a7e 10 ppm.", "date": "1983-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment Part A-General Topics", "volume": "17", "number": "7", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1277-1289", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140922-133728609", "issn": "0960-1686", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140922-133728609", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Exxon Education Foundation" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "A-148", "name": "Environmental Quality Laboratory" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0004-6981(83)90402-X", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1983", "author_list": "Crump, James G.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5fpvf-s4g87", "eprint_id": 58702, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:46:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:37:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pesthy-Andrew", "name": { "family": "Pesthy", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Theory of Aerosol Formation and Growth in Laminar Flow", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1983 by Academic Press, Inc. \n\nReceived March 1, 1982; accepted July 6, 1982. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant PFR76-04179 and U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Grant R806844. The authors gratefully acknowledge the important contributions of M. K. Alam.", "abstract": "A detailed theoretical analysis of aerosol nucleation and growth in laminar flow, including the important aspects of mass and energy transfer and aerosol size distribution dynamics, is presented. Simulations of aerosol formation and growth in a laminar flow cooled pipe, in the presence and absence of seed particles, are carried out using the classical and Lothe-Pound theories of homogeneous nucleation. The competition between new particle formation and vapor growth onto seed particles in such systems is explored in detail, The theory developed has application to the design and analysis of aerosol generators and continuous flow condensation nuclei counters.", "date": "1983-02", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "91", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "525-545", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-105245886", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150630-105245886", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PFR76-04179" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R806844" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(83)90367-3", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1983", "author_list": "Pesthy, Andrew J.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/m8ryd-gwz40", "eprint_id": 49907, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:35:41", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 22:18:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Crump-James-G", "name": { "family": "Crump", "given": "James G." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "Particle Wall Loss Rates in Vessels", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1983 Elsevier.", "abstract": "Aerosol particle wall loss rates were determined experimentally in a spherical continuous stirred tank reactor.\nTbe particle size and mixing rate dependences are shown\nto agree with \n\u03b2=12k_eD/R\u03c0v\u0283^nv/2\u221ak_2D_0 te^t/e^t-1dt+v/4R3\nthe theoretical result of Crump and Seinfeld, in which the\nparticle loss coefficient \u03b2 is related to particle diffusivity D, particle settling velocity r, the coefficient of the eddy diffusivity k_e, and vessel radius R. For the vessel used in these experiments, k_e was found to be proportional to the 3/2 power of the volumetric now rate, in accordance with theoretical expectations. Results of a similar nature may be expected to hold in vessels of arbitrary shape.", "date": "1983", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "2", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "303-309", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140922-140302253", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140922-140302253", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "A-149", "name": "Environmental Quality Laboratory" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786828308958636", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1983", "author_list": "Crump, James G.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6ts1p-1nv81", "eprint_id": 53581, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:25:13", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 21:53:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Waldman-Jed-M", "name": { "family": "Waldman", "given": "Jed M." } }, { "id": "Munger-J-William", "name": { "family": "Munger", "given": "J. William" } }, { "id": "Jacob-Daniel-J", "name": { "family": "Jacob", "given": "Daniel J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6373-3100" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Morgan-J-J", "name": { "family": "Morgan", "given": "James J." } }, { "id": "Hoffmann-M-R", "name": { "family": "Hoffmann", "given": "Michael R." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6495-1946" } ] }, "title": "Chemical Composition of Acid Fog", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 American Association for the Advancement of Science. \n\nReceived 15 March 1982; revised 10 May 1982. \n\nFinancial support was provided by the California Air Resources Board (grant AO-141-132), and logistical support was provided by the South Coast Air Quality Management District. We thank G. Cass, D. Lawson, and J. H. Seinfeld for assistance.", "abstract": "Fog water collected at three sites in Los Angeles and Bakersfield, California, was found to have higher acidity and higher concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium than previously observed in atmospheric water droplets. The pH of the fog water was in the range of 2.2 to 4.0. The dominant processes controlling the fog water chemistry appear to be the condensation and evaporation of water vapor on preexisting aerosol and the scavenging of gas-phase nitric acid.", "date": "1982-11-12", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Science", "volume": "218", "number": "4573", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "pagerange": "677-680", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150112-135208418", "issn": "0036-8075", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150112-135208418", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "California Air Resources Board (CARB)", "grant_number": "AO-141-132" } ] }, "doi": "10.1126/science.218.4573.677", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Waldman, Jed M.; Munger, J. William; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3ja29-aqb11", "eprint_id": 58446, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:20:34", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:21:34", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ouimette-James-R", "name": { "family": "Ouimette", "given": "James R." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5763-6163" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The extinction coefficient of multicomponent aerosols", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Elsevier. \n\n(First received 5 November 1980 and in final form 27 November 1981) \n\nWe thank Dr. Sheldon K. Friedlander, formerly at Caltech, now at the University of California, Los Angeles, for many useful discussions and suggestions in this work. The work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant PFR76-04179 and the Pasadena Lung Association.", "abstract": "The general problem of visibility reduction by aerosols is explored in order to identify the conditions necessary for determination of the roles of individual chemical species. The particle extinction coefficient depends on the distribution of chemical species with respect to particle size and from particle to particle within each size range. Single particle measurements of composition and optical properties would be required to determine directly the chemical species contributions to the extinction coefficient. Several special cases are identified which would allow exact calculations based on available data. The composition and optical properties of particles must be uniform within each size interval if composition distribution data are to be used. Corroborative data are necessary to ensure that important contributors are not neglected since many chemical species are not readily measured. Estimation of the species mass extinction efficiencies by statistical analysis of chemical data obtained from total filler samples also requires that the normalized species mass distribution be invariant. The results of two field studies of visibility reduction in arid regions of the southwestern United States are used to explore the validity of these assumptions. The two methods, estimation from size-composition distribution data and from total filter data, yield similar estimates of species contributions to the extinction coefficient.", "date": "1982-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Atmospheric Environment", "volume": "16", "number": "10", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "2405-2419", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-112144840", "issn": "0960-1686", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-112144840", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PFR76-04179" }, { "agency": "Pasadena Lung Association" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0004-6981(82)90131-7", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Ouimette, James R. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/amm7e-b1n70", "eprint_id": 58445, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:02:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:21:30", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Compressible flow inertial impactors", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Elsevier. \n\nReceived March 20, 1981; accepted June 29, 1981. \n\nThe author thanks Dr. Lester Lees for many valuable discussions during the course of this work. This research was supported in part by NSF Grant number ATM80-07272.", "abstract": "The scaling criteria used to predict the size cuts of inertial impactors are strictly valid only so long as the jet Mach number is small, i.e., M\u00b2 1. In order to improve size resolution of submicron particles, a number of impactors have been operated with Jet Mach numbers as large as one. Unless the jet Mach number is small, fluid properties, e.g., viscosity, \u03bc, mean free-path, \u03bb and density, p, may vary in the jet impingement region, making the aerodynamic drag coefficient of a particle vary with position. A theoretical investigation of inertial impaction from sonic jets (M = 1) was undertaken in order to determine the extent to which fluid compressibility influences impactor size cuts. A finite difference solution to the inviscid, compressible flow is used to explore the conditions for particle impaction in round sonic jet impactors. The flow from an underexpanded sonic jet (pressure ratio less than 0.53) expands to supersonic velocities before decelerating through a shock wave between the jet outlet and the impaction plate. The pressure near the impaction plate approaches that of the stagnation conditions upstream of the jet inlet. The impaction parameters characteristic of an impactor stage should, therefore, be defined in terms of the gas viscosity and mean free-path at the stagnation conditions above the jet entrance. The impaction parameter, \u03a8\u2085\u2080 defined in this manner does not appear to vary significantly with the jet pressure ratio, Mach number, or the particle Knudsen number.", "date": "1982-05", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "87", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "291-299", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-111843627", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-111843627", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ATM80-07272" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(82)90390-3", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y9xp8-xk481", "eprint_id": 58447, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:42:58", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:21:36", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Senior-Constance-L", "name": { "family": "Senior", "given": "C. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1454-4194" }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Ash Vaporization and Condensation During Combustion of a Suspended Coal Particle", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1982 American Association for Aerosol Research. \n\nReceived 14 May 1982; accepted 8 September 1982.\n\nPublished - 018-Senior.pdf
", "abstract": "The results of a theoretical study of the formation and growth of the submicron flyash aerosol around a single burning coal particle are presented. The vaporization of ash and subsequent aerosol formation near the coal particle are studied because the local combustion environment influences these processes strongly. A mathematical model is developed that describes the transport of ash vapor and and the growth of the aerosol. The ash aerosol calculation is superimposed on an existing solution to the combustion problem. Included in the model are the effects of convective transport and of both homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation of the ash vapor. The results of the calculations show that refractory compounds with low surface tension, like silica, nucleate very near the coal particle's surface and produce a substantial mass loading of aerosol. The presence of the aerosol does not greatly affect the ash vaporization rate, which is primarily a function of combustion conditions. The size and amount of the submicron ash aerosol are determined by both the local combustion conditions and the ash's physical properties.", "date": "1982", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "1", "number": "4", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "371-383", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-112411565", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-112411565", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1080/02786828208958602", "primary_object": { "basename": "018-Senior.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y9xp8-xk481/files/018-Senior.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Senior, C. L. and Flagan, R. C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c21me-21p18", "eprint_id": 49359, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:40:15", "lastmod": "2023-10-17 21:21:06", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Taylor-Dean-D", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Dean D." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "The Influence of Combustor Operation on Fine Particles from Coal Combustion", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1982 Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.\n\nReceived 26 October 1981; accepted 23 December 1981.", "abstract": "This paper discusses the influences observed in laboratory pulverized coal combustion experiments. A Utah subbituminous coal was burned at a rate of 0.5\u20131.5 kg/hr and at fuel-lean conditions in a laboratory furnace. Experiments were conducted using a number of burners and at a range of combustor wall temperatures. Gaseous and particulate combustion products were sampled downstream of a series of convective heat exchangers. The variation of the mass and composition of the submicron particles with burner aerodynamics and heat transfer rate are discussed, and the relationship between the laboratory observations and aerosols produced by utility boilers is explored.", "date": "1982", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Aerosol Science and Technology", "volume": "1", "number": "1", "publisher": "American Association for Aerosol Research", "pagerange": "103-117", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140908-153732842", "issn": "0278-6826", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140908-153732842", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "A-128", "name": "Environmental Quality Laboratory" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Environmental-Quality-Laboratory" } ] }, "doi": "10.1080/02786828208958581", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1982", "author_list": "Taylor, Dean D. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8h52e-h8s03", "eprint_id": 58444, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:19:12", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:21:26", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Pesthy-Andrew-J", "name": { "family": "Pesthy", "given": "Andrew J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Seinfeld-J-H", "name": { "family": "Seinfeld", "given": "John H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1344-4068" } ] }, "title": "The effect of a growing aerosol on the rate of homogeneous nucleation of a vapor", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1981 Elsevier. \n\nReceived October 20, 1980; accepted December 15, 1980. \n\nThis work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant PFR76-04179.", "abstract": "Growing particles in a supersaturated vapor act as sources of latent heat and sinks for vapor, altering the vapor concentration and gas temperature near the particles, and, consequently, decreasing the homogeneous nucleation rate in the vicinity of the particles. Solutions for the vapor concentration and temperature profiles around a growing particle are obtained, and the solutions are used to predict the average nucleation rate per unit volume of fluid as a function of time. The average nucleation rate is shown to be proportional to the initially undisturbed rate and proportional to a term dependent largely on the total volume fraction of growing aerosol present. Under a wide range of conditions, the nucleation rate for dibutyl phthalate is calculated to quench gradually at the time when the fraction of available vapor condensed into aerosol approaches 5 to 9%.", "date": "1981-08", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Colloid and Interface Science", "volume": "82", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "465-479", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-111211281", "issn": "0021-9797", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-111211281", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PFR76-04179" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0021-9797(81)90388-X", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Pesthy, Andrew J.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vynvf-9yw61", "eprint_id": 120836, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:34:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 17:01:28", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Taylor-Dean-D", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Dean D." } } ] }, "title": "Laboratory studies of submicron particles from coal combustion", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Microbiology (medical); Immunology; Immunology and Allergy", "note": "\u00a9 1981 Published by Elsevier.", "abstract": "A laboratory investigation of the particles in the flue gases of a pulverized coal combustor has been conducted. The emphasis was on physical and chemical characterization of those particles smaller than 2 \u03bcm diameter. The number concentrations are large, on the order of 10\u00b9\u2074 particles/m\u00b3, and the mean size is small, 0.02 to 0.08 \u03bcm diameter. The particle size distribution is extremely narrow, supporting the hypothesis that the particles were formed by nucleation and then grew by coagulation. Predicted particle size distributions are in close agreement with the data. \n\nChemical analyses of the submicron particles by particle induced x-ray emission show two distinct modes in the 0.03 to 3 \u03bcm size range. The larger particles consist of the major ash species, Al, Ca, Fe, and Si. The, smallest particles were composed of the more volatile species, Si and S, with a large amount of material not detected by PIXE. Optical absorption measurements suggest that this material was primarily carbon in the form of soot.", "date": "1981", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Symposium (International) on Combustion", "volume": "18", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1227-1237", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20230413-768645000.8", "issn": "0082-0784", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230413-768645000.8", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/s0082-0784(81)80126-9", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1981", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C. and Taylor, Dean D." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y2x83-8vn41", "eprint_id": 60201, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:53:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:26:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "Submicron Particles From Coal Combustion", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1979 Combustion Institute. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation program on Research Applied to National Needs under grant ENV76-04179.", "abstract": "The mechanism of submicron particle formation during pulverized coal combustion is examined. Residual ash particles formed by the coalescence of molten ash droplets on the burning carbon surface and the break-up of the burning coal particles account for most of the aerosol mass. The sizes of these large particles are related to the sizes of coal particles burned. Some of the ash vaporizes at the high temperatures of pulverized coal combustion. Large numbers of submicron particles may be produced by nucleation of these ash vapors or other species. These fine particles appear to coagulate more rapidly than is explained by Brownian coagulation even when interparticle dispersion forces are considered. Imperfect mixing may also accelerate coagulation. Calculated particle size distributions are compared with data obtained upstream of gas cleaning equipment of utility boilers.", "date": "1979", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Symposium (International) on Combustion", "volume": "17", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "97-104", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150911-143343845", "issn": "0082-0784", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150911-143343845", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ENV76-04179" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0082-0784(79)80013-2", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1979", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/htd9g-2n017", "eprint_id": 58443, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:26:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:21:20", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Hering-Susanne-V", "name": { "family": "Hering", "given": "Susanne V." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Friedlander-S-K", "name": { "family": "Friedlander", "given": "Sheldon K." } } ] }, "title": "Design and evaluation of new low-pressure impactor. I", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1978 American Chemical Society. \n\nReceived for review June 3, 1977. Accepted November 30, 1977. \n\nPresented at Division of Environmental Chemistry, 173rd Meeting,\nACS, New Orleans, La., March 1977. Work supported in part by NIEHS Grant PHS ES 00080-01 and by NSF/RANN Grant ENV76-04179. The Pasadena Lung Association provided funds for instrumentation. \n\nThe authors thank Patrick Delattre and Peter McMurry for their help.", "abstract": "An eight-stage, low-pressure impactor is developed with 50% efficiency cutoffs of 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.05, 0.26, 0.11, 0.075, and 0.05-\u00b5m aerodynamic diameter. Particles larger than 0.5 \u00b5m are sampled at near atmospheric pressure; four stages with stagnation pressures below the jet of 8-140 mm Hg absolute, size segregate the smaller aerosol. The 0.50, 0.26, and 0.11-\u00b5m cutoff stages are calibrated with monodisperse polystyrene latex spheres. The final two stages are compared with electrical aerosol analyzer measurements of a laboratory-generated sulfuric acid mist. Studies of impactor collection efficiency show that particle bounce and reentrainment are not important when the collection surfaces are Vaseline coated. The impactor has one jet per stage, and thus is especially suited for aerosol sulfur and nitrate determinations by the method of flash volatilization and subsequent gas-phase analysis.", "date": "1978-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Environmental Science and Technology", "volume": "12", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "pagerange": "667-673", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-110015976", "issn": "0013-936X", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-110015976", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NIH", "grant_number": "PHS ES 00080-01" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ENV76-04179" }, { "agency": "Pasadena Lung Association" } ] }, "doi": "10.1021/es60142a004", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1978", "author_list": "Hering, Susanne V.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/c6sa9-5wg11", "eprint_id": 60199, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:21:54", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 15:25:54", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Komiyama-K", "name": { "family": "Komiyama", "given": "K." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "R. C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Heywood-J-B", "name": { "family": "Heywood", "given": "J. B." } } ] }, "title": "The Influence of Droplet Evaporation on the Fuel-Air Mixing Rate in a Burner", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1979 Combustion Institute. \n\nThis work has been supported in part by the Environmental Protection Agency under Grant No. R-800729-02-0, by the Energy Research and Development Administration under Grant No. E (11-1)-2680, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NGR 22-009-378. The assistance of Monima Briggs and David Bigio is gratefully acknowledged.", "abstract": "The importance of droplet evaporation in the overall fuel-air mixing process in liquid fuel spray flames is examined with a series of experiments in a simple atmospheric pressure burner burning a range of hydrocarbon fuels. Two types of fuel atomizers were studied\u2014air-assist and pressure jet\u2014which have substantially different operating characteristics. Fuel-air mixing rates were determined from time-average oxygen concentrations measured with overall burner operation stoichiometric. It is shown that with air-assist atomizers, the kinetic energy of the atomizer jet determines the mixing rate intensity for both liquid and gaseous fuels. Since the droplet evaporation time is much less than the mixing time, the details of the evaporation process are not important and the jet length scale and kinetic energy govern the mixing process. With pressure jet atomizers, the characteristic evaporation and mixing times are comparable. The evaporating fuel drops create fuel vapor concentration nonuniformities on a scale much smaller than the fuel jet scale. Mixing rate intensities comparable to those obtained with air-assist atomizers can, therefore, be achieved with much lower turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates. With pressure jet atomizers, both the kinetic energy of the fuel jet and the evaporation characteristics of the fuel droplets control the initial fuel-air mixing rate.", "date": "1977", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Symposium (International) on Combustion", "volume": "16", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "549-560", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150911-141607504", "issn": "0082-0784", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150911-141607504", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-800729-02-0" }, { "agency": "Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA)", "grant_number": "E (11-1)-2680" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NGR 22-009-378" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/S0082-0784(77)80351-2", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1977", "author_list": "Komiyama, K.; Flagan, R. C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7hjkd-ptz42", "eprint_id": 59762, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:43:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:41:32", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sarofim-Adel-F", "name": { "family": "Sarofim", "given": "Adel F." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "NO\u2093 control for stationary combustion sources", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1976 Elsevier. \n\nManuscript received, December 1975. \n\nThe material in this chapter was prepared initially for a U.S. National Academy of Sciences - National Academy of Engineering report on \"Air Quality and Stationary Source Emission Control\". The authors wish to acknowledge inputs to the report by the EPA, Combustion Research Laboratory and the editorial inputs of the staff officer for the Academy Reports, Dr. Raphael G. Kasper.", "abstract": "The importance of nitrogen oxides as an atmospheric pollutant has been recognized relatively recently. The past decade has, therefore, seen an intensive effort expended at identifying the major sources of nitrogen oxides, understanding the mechanisms of their formation. and developing technology for abatement of emissions from the dominant sources. The emissions from mobile sources are adequately covered elsewhere in this series. Coverage in this article will therefore be restricted to stationary sources, with extensive reference to the U.S. scene for which the pertinent data are most readily available.", "date": "1976", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Progress in Energy and Combustion Science", "volume": "2", "number": "1", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "1-25", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150819-100736144", "issn": "0360-1285", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150819-100736144", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "doi": "10.1016/0360-1285(76)90006-X", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1976", "author_list": "Sarofim, Adel F. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e1day-m2778", "eprint_id": 58442, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:05:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:21:15", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Appleton-John-P", "name": { "family": "Appleton", "given": "John P." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" } ] }, "title": "A stochastic model of turbulent mixing with chemical reaction: Nitric oxide formation in a plug-flow burner", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1974 The Combustion Institute. \n\nReceived April 1, 1974; revised June 28, 1974. \n\nThis work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NGR 22-009-378 and by the Environmental Protection Agency under Grant R-800-729-03-01. Part of the work was presented at the A.I.Ch.E. 66th Annual Meeting under the title: Nitric Oxide Formation from Fuel Bound Nitrogen in an Oil Fired Burner. \n\nWe would like to express our thanks to several of our colleagues for helpful discussions, notably Professor D. P. Hoult, who suggested extending our investigation of the stochastic mixing model beyond the Duo-particle limit. \n\nOne of us (R. C. F.) wishes to acknowledge partial financial support from MIT for a Sloan Research Traineeship.", "abstract": "A stochastic model of turbulent mixing has been developed for a reactor in which mixing is represented by n-body fluid particle interactions (n = 2, 3, ... 6). The model has been used to justify the assumption made in previous investigations of the role of turbulent mixing on burner generated thermal nitric oxide and carbon monoxide emissions that, for a simple plug flow reactor, composition nonuniformities can be described by a Gaussian distribution function in the local fuel: air equivalence ratio. Rate-limited upper and lower bounds of the nitric oxide produced by thermal fixation of molecular nitrogen and oxidation of organically bound fuel nitrogen are estimated on the basis of the stochastic model for a plug flow burner; these are compared with experimental measurements obtained using a laboratory burner operated over a wide range of test conditions; good agreement is obtained.", "date": "1974-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Combustion and Flame", "volume": "23", "number": "2", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "249-267", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-103809074", "issn": "0010-2180", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150623-103809074", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NGR 22-009-378" }, { "agency": "Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)", "grant_number": "R-800-729-03-01" }, { "agency": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0010-2180(74)90062-5", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1974", "author_list": "Appleton, John P. and Flagan, Richard C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/aqvaq-a9b59", "eprint_id": 58355, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:55:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 19:17:03", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Galant-Serge", "name": { "family": "Galant", "given": "Serge" } }, { "id": "Appleton-John-P", "name": { "family": "Appleton", "given": "John P." } } ] }, "title": "Rate constrained partial equilibrium models for the formation of nitric oxide from organic fuel nitrogen", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 1974 Elsevier. \n\nReceived November 27, 1973; revised January 21, 1974. \n\nOne of us (S. G.) wishes to acknowledge partial financial support obtained from the French Government in the form of a scholarship, and another (R. C. F. ) wishes to acknowledge support from MIT for a Sloan Research Traineeship.", "abstract": "Rate constrained partial equilibrium models which describe the formation of nitric oxide from organic fuel nitrogen during combustion have been developed. Predictions of model calculations for the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, which contain organic nitrogen in forms typical of those to be found in naturally occurring fossil fuels, appear to be in good agreement with the nitric oxide yields measured in recently reported premixed flame experiments.", "date": "1974-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Combustion and Flame", "volume": "22", "number": "3", "publisher": "Elsevier", "pagerange": "299-311", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20150618-163459227", "issn": "0010-2180", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150618-163459227", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "France" }, { "agency": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)" } ] }, "doi": "10.1016/0010-2180(74)90045-5", "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1974", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C.; Galant, Serge; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cn8bk-wv796", "eprint_id": 32876, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:51:17", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 16:27:50", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Appleton-John-P", "name": { "family": "Appleton", "given": "John P." } } ] }, "title": "Excitation Mechanisms of the Nitrogen First\u2010Positive and First\u2010Negative Radiation at High Temperature", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1972 The American Institute of Physics. \n\nReceived 13 May 1971. \n\nThis research was supported by the Advanced Research\nProjects Agency of the Department of Defense and monitored\nby the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-\n67-A-0204-0040 and ARPA Order No. 322. \n\nWe are grateful to Dr. K. L. Wray of Avco-Everett Research\nLab for supplying us with his unpublished measurements of the time to reach peak intensity and the absolute maximum intensity.\n\nPublished - FLAjcp72.pdf
", "abstract": "The kinetic mechanisms responsible for the excitation of the first-positive and first-negative emission\nof nitrogen have been investigated in a re-examination of previously reported shock-tube measurements\nof the nonequilibrium radiation for these systems. The rate coefficients of the collisional quenching reactions, N_2(A^(3)\u03a3^(+)_u)(^(k^(N)_(-2))\u21d2) N_2(X^(1)\u03a3^(+)_g) + N(^(4)S) and N^(+)_2(B^(2)\u03a3^(+)_u) + N_2(X^(1)\u03a3^(+)_g)(^(k^(N)_(q))\u21d2) N^(+)_2(X^(2)\u03a3^(+)_g) or N^(+)_2(A(^(2)II_u)+N_2(X^(1)\u03a3^(+)_g)\nwere found to be given by the empirical expressions, k_(2^(N))=5.1x10^(-3)T^(-2.23) cm^3 sec^(-1) and k_(q^(N_2))=1.9x10^(-2)T^(-2.33)cm^3 sec^(-1), respectively, over the approximate temperature range 6000-14 000\u00b0K.", "date": "1972-02-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Chemical Physics", "volume": "56", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "1163-1173", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20120802-101330203", "issn": "0021-9606", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120802-101330203", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Office of Naval Research (ONR)", "grant_number": "N00014-67-A-0204-0040" }, { "agency": "Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)", "grant_number": "322" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1677339", "primary_object": { "basename": "FLAjcp72.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cn8bk-wv796/files/FLAjcp72.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1972", "author_list": "Flagan, Richard C. and Appleton, John P." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p60zb-6rt16", "eprint_id": 2958, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:04:51", "lastmod": "2023-10-13 23:49:53", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Alofs-D-J", "name": { "family": "Alofs", "given": "Darryl J." } }, { "id": "Flagan-R-C", "name": { "family": "Flagan", "given": "Richard C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5690-770X" }, { "id": "Springer-G-S", "name": { "family": "Springer", "given": "George S." } } ] }, "title": "Density Distribution Measurements in Rarefied Gases Contained between Parallel Plates at High Temperature Differences", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 1971 American Institute of Physics \n\n(Received 5 June 1970) \n\nThe authors wish to thank Mr. H. Ehya for his help in the experiments. This work was supported by the United States Atomic Energy Commission.\n\nPublished - ALOpof71.pdf
", "abstract": "Density distributions were experimentally determined in rarefied gases at rest contained between two parallel plates maintained at widely different temperatures. The temperatures of the hot and cold plates were ~79\u00b0K and ~294\u00b0K, respectively, resulting in a temperature ratio of about 4:1. Both helium and nitrogen were used as test gases. Particular attention was focused on obtaining data in the temperature jump and transition regimes. The gas densities were measured by observing the luminescence produced by a high-energy electron beam traversed between the plates. In addition to the density measurements, heat transfer measurements were also made in order to estimate the values of the thermal accommodation coefficients. The experimental results for helium were compared with the analytical results of Liu and Lees, and good agreement was found between the theory and data near the cold plate. Near the hot plate the analytical results and the data differed by about 7%.", "date": "1971-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Physics of Fluids", "volume": "14", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "pagerange": "529-533", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:ALOpof71", "issn": "0031-9171", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ALOpof71", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Atomic Energy Commission" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.1693466", "primary_object": { "basename": "ALOpof71.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p60zb-6rt16/files/ALOpof71.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "1971", "author_list": "Alofs, Darryl J.; Flagan, Richard C.; et el." } ]