[ { "id": "authors:yk9hh-xhm79", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "yk9hh-xhm79", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/yk9hh-xhm79", "type": "article", "title": "Inverse-designed metasurfaces for multifunctional spatial frequency filtering", "author": [ { "family_name": "Pearson", "given_name": "Phillippe", "orcid": "0009-0000-0547-6989", "clpid": "Pearson-Phillippe-M-J" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-G-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "With the rapid rise in demand for edge computing, there is a need for low-power, compact approaches to information processing. Optical metasurfaces have emerged as a powerful platform for implementing convolution operations in the analog domain that would traditionally be done digitally. However, there has been limited work exploring the full extent to which metasurfaces can be designed to filter the spatial frequency content of incident fields. We experimentally demonstrate inverse-designed metasurfaces that perform spatial frequency filtering by precisely controlling their angular, polarization, and spectral scattering characteristics. To demonstrate the flexibility of our design approach, we show that distinct transfer functions can be implemented for orthogonal polarizations, leading to directional edge detection and blurring. Furthermore, we design metasurfaces with polarization-independent and spectrally multiplexed transfer functions. Multifunctional metasurfaces that encode several filtering functions have the potential to enable new applications in robotics, metrology, and sensing, particularly in resource-constrained scenarios.", "doi": "10.1364/optica.560985", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2025-07", "series_number": "7", "volume": "12", "issue": "7", "pages": "1090" }, { "id": "authors:9jz13-2gc54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9jz13-2gc54", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9jz13-2gc54", "type": "article", "title": "Scalable microwave-to-optical transducers at the single-photon level with spins", "author": [ { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0001-6154-1802" }, { "family_name": "Fukumori", "given_name": "Rikuto", "orcid": "0000-0003-0896-4261" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiahui", "orcid": "0009-0003-9692-5162" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Microwave-to-optical transduction of single photons will play an essential role in interconnecting future superconducting quantum devices. Various transducers have been developed that couple microwave and optical modes by utilizing nonlinear phenomena such as the Pockels effect and a combination of electromechanical, piezoelectric and optomechanical couplings. However, the limited strength of these nonlinearities necessitates the use of high-quality-factor resonators that can require sophisticated nanofabrication methods. Rare-earth-ion-doped crystals have high-quality atomic resonances that result in effective second-order nonlinearities that are many orders of magnitude stronger than those in conventional materials. Here we use ytterbium-171 ions doped in an YVO4 crystal to implement an on-chip microwave-to-optical transducer. Without an engineered optical cavity, we achieve per-cent-level efficiencies with an added noise referred to the input as low as 1.24(9) photons. We demonstrate the interference of photons originating from two simultaneously operated transducers, enabled by the inherently matching frequencies of the atomic transitions. Our results establish rare-earth-ion-based devices as a competitive platform for transduction and pave the way towards the remote transducer-assisted entanglement of superconducting quantum machines.", "doi": "10.1038/s41567-025-02884-y", "issn": "1745-2473", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Physics", "publication_date": "2025-06" }, { "id": "authors:vfzsb-jqb12", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vfzsb-jqb12", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vfzsb-jqb12", "type": "article", "title": "Down-converted photon pairs in a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Bohan", "orcid": "0009-0007-8210-1903", "clpid": "Li-Bohan" }, { "family_name": "Yuan", "given_name": "Zhiquan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9054-6004", "clpid": "Yuan-Zhiquan" }, { "family_name": "Williams", "given_name": "James", "clpid": "Williams-James" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Warren" }, { "family_name": "Beckert", "given_name": "Adrian", "orcid": "0000-0001-7218-4214", "clpid": "Beckert-Adrian" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Tian", "clpid": "Xie-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Guo", "given_name": "Joel", "orcid": "0000-0003-0203-5170" }, { "family_name": "Feshali", "given_name": "Avi" }, { "family_name": "Paniccia", "given_name": "Mario" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Bowers", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-4270-8296" }, { "family_name": "Marandi", "given_name": "Alireza", "orcid": "0000-0002-0470-0050", "clpid": "Marandi-Alireza" }, { "family_name": "Vahala", "given_name": "Kerry", "orcid": "0000-0003-1783-1380", "clpid": "Vahala-K-J" } ], "abstract": "
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Entangled photon pairs from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are central to many quantum applications, SPDC is typically performed in non-centrosymmetric systems with an inherent second-order nonlinearity (χ(2)). We demonstrate strong narrowband SPDC with an on-chip rate of 0.8 million pairs per second in Si3N4. Si3N4 is the pre-eminent material for photonic integration and also exhibits the lowest waveguide loss (which is essential for integrated quantum circuits). However, being amorphous, silicon nitride lacks an intrinsic χ(2), which limits its role in photonic quantum devices. We enabled SPDC in Si3N4 by combining strong light-field enhancement inside a high optical Q-factor microcavity with an optically induced space-charge field. We present narrowband photon pairs with a high spectral brightness. The quantum nature of the down-converted photon pairs is verified through coincidence measurements. This light source, based on Si3N4 integrated photonics technology, unlocks new avenues for quantum systems on a chip.

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", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-025-08662-3", "pmcid": "PMC11946901", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2025-03-27", "series_number": "8056", "volume": "639", "issue": "8056", "pages": "922-927" }, { "id": "authors:vegf5-dqw54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vegf5-dqw54", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vegf5-dqw54", "type": "article", "title": "Multiplexed entanglement of multi-emitter quantum network nodes", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7684-7409", "clpid": "Ruskuc-Andrei" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "C.-J.", "clpid": "Wu-C-J" }, { "family_name": "Green", "given_name": "E.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5726-7230", "clpid": "Green-Emanuel" }, { "family_name": "Hermans", "given_name": "S. L. N.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1060-5199", "clpid": "Hermans-Sophie-L-N" }, { "family_name": "Pajak", "given_name": "W.", "clpid": "Pajak-W" }, { "family_name": "Choi", "given_name": "J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3507-8751" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "

Quantum networks that distribute entanglement among remote nodes will unlock transformational technologies in quantum computing, communication and sensing. However, state-of-the-art networks use only a single optically addressed qubit per node; this constrains both the quantum communication bandwidth and memory resources, greatly impeding scalability. Solid-state platforms provide a valuable resource for multiplexed quantum networking in which multiple spectrally distinguishable qubits can be hosted in nano-scale volumes. Here we harness this resource by implementing a two-node network consisting of several rare-earth ions coupled to nanophotonic cavities. This is accomplished with a protocol that entangles distinguishable 171Yb ions through frequency-erasing photon detection combined with real-time quantum feedforward. This method is robust to slow optical frequency fluctuations occurring on timescales longer than a single entanglement attempt: a universal challenge amongst solid-state emitters. We demonstrate the enhanced functionality of these multi-emitter nodes in two ways. First, we mitigate the bottlenecks to the entanglement distribution rate through multiplexed entanglement of two remote ion pairs. Second, we prepare multipartite W-states comprising three distinguishable ions as a resource for advanced quantum networking protocols. These results lay the groundwork for scalable quantum networking based on rare-earth ions.

", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-024-08537-z", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2025-03-06", "series_number": "8053", "volume": "639", "issue": "8053", "pages": "54-59" }, { "id": "authors:21w38-xyx27", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "21w38-xyx27", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/21w38-xyx27", "type": "article", "title": "Roadmap on photonic metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Schulz", "given_name": "Sebastian A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5169-0337", "clpid": "Schulz-Sebastian-A" }, { "family_name": "Oulton", "given_name": "Rupert. F.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5070-3623" }, { "family_name": "Kenney", "given_name": "Mitchell", "orcid": "0000-0002-5009-9729" }, { "family_name": "Al\u00f9", "given_name": "Andrea", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-5274" }, { "family_name": "Staude", "given_name": "Isabelle", "orcid": "0000-0001-8021-572X" }, { "family_name": "Bashiri", "given_name": "Ayesheh", "orcid": "0000-0001-7782-4903" }, { "family_name": "Fedorova", "given_name": "Zlata", "orcid": "0000-0003-4401-1978" }, { "family_name": "Kolkowski", "given_name": "Radoslaw", "orcid": "0000-0003-3866-9394" }, { "family_name": "Koenderink", "given_name": "A. Femius", "orcid": "0000-0003-1617-5748" }, { "family_name": "Xiao", "given_name": "Xiaofei", "orcid": "0000-0002-7053-2833" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0009-0001-4118-0189" }, { "family_name": "Peveler", "given_name": "William J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9829-2683" }, { "family_name": "Clark", "given_name": "Alasdair W.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9797-5776" }, { "family_name": "Perrakis", "given_name": "George", "orcid": "0000-0002-5080-4520" }, { "family_name": "Tasolamprou", "given_name": "Anna C.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4652-5470" }, { "family_name": "Kafesaki", "given_name": "Maria", "orcid": "0000-0002-9524-2576" }, { "family_name": "Zaleska", "given_name": "Anastasiia", "orcid": "0009-0003-9812-8968" }, { "family_name": "Dickson", "given_name": "Wayne", "orcid": "0000-0002-7771-1893" }, { "family_name": "Richards", "given_name": "David", "orcid": "0000-0001-8038-6860" }, { "family_name": "Zayats", "given_name": "Anatoly", "orcid": "0000-0003-0566-4087" }, { "family_name": "Ren", "given_name": "Haoran", "orcid": "0009-0009-0430-3731" }, { "family_name": "Kivshar", "given_name": "Yuri", "orcid": "0000-0002-3410-812X" }, { "family_name": "Maier", "given_name": "Stefan", "orcid": "0000-0001-9704-7902" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Xianzhong", "orcid": "0000-0001-7521-1548" }, { "family_name": "Ansari", "given_name": "Muhammad Afnan", "orcid": "0000-0001-6094-6306" }, { "family_name": "Gan", "given_name": "Yuhui", "orcid": "0009-0007-1524-4867" }, { "family_name": "Alexeev", "given_name": "Arseny", "orcid": "0000-0002-4311-6033" }, { "family_name": "Krauss", "given_name": "Thomas F.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4367-6601" }, { "family_name": "Di Falco", "given_name": "Andrea", "orcid": "0000-0002-7338-8785" }, { "family_name": "Gennaro", "given_name": "Sylvain D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2209-0831" }, { "family_name": "Santiago-Cruz", "given_name": "Tom\u00e1s", "orcid": "0000-0003-0383-4951" }, { "family_name": "Brener", "given_name": "Igal", "orcid": "0000-0002-2139-5182" }, { "family_name": "Chekhova", "given_name": "Maria V.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3399-2101" }, { "family_name": "Ma", "given_name": "Ren-Min", "orcid": "0000-0003-4199-5772" }, { "family_name": "Vogler-Neuling", "given_name": "Viola V.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4531-5762" }, { "family_name": "Weigand", "given_name": "Helena C.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0558-5899" }, { "family_name": "Talts", "given_name": "\u00dclle-Linda", "orcid": "0000-0001-8058-9254" }, { "family_name": "Occhiodori", "given_name": "Irene", "orcid": "0009-0007-2249-8355" }, { "family_name": "Grange", "given_name": "Rachel", "orcid": "0000-0001-7469-9756" }, { "family_name": "Rahmani", "given_name": "Mohsen", "orcid": "0000-0001-9268-4793" }, { "family_name": "Xu", "given_name": "Lei", "orcid": "0000-0001-9071-4311" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "S. M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Harwood", "given_name": "Anthony C.", "orcid": "0009-0005-1479-2285" }, { "family_name": "Vezzoli", "given_name": "Stefano", "orcid": "0000-0002-5862-0830" }, { "family_name": "Sapienza", "given_name": "Riccardo", "orcid": "0000-0002-4208-0374" }, { "family_name": "Lalanne", "given_name": "Philippe", "orcid": "0000-0003-1979-2290" }, { "family_name": "Dmitriev", "given_name": "Alexandre", "orcid": "0000-0002-2231-9333" }, { "family_name": "Rockstuhl", "given_name": "Carsten", "orcid": "0000-0002-5868-0526" }, { "family_name": "Sprafke", "given_name": "Alexander", "orcid": "0000-0002-2513-2865" }, { "family_name": "Vynck", "given_name": "Kevin", "orcid": "0000-0002-1119-2808" }, { "family_name": "Upham", "given_name": "Jeremy", "orcid": "0000-0002-0829-8783" }, { "family_name": "Alam", "given_name": "M. Zahirul", "orcid": "0000-0003-4204-3781" }, { "family_name": "De Leon", "given_name": "Israel", "orcid": "0000-0002-5745-0139" }, { "family_name": "Boyd", "given_name": "Robert W.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1234-2265" }, { "family_name": "Padilla", "given_name": "Willie J.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7734-8847" }, { "family_name": "Malof", "given_name": "Jordan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7851-4920" }, { "family_name": "Jana", "given_name": "Aloke", "orcid": "0009-0002-3069-1239" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Zijin", "orcid": "0009-0000-0670-4277" }, { "family_name": "Colom", "given_name": "R\u00e9mi", "orcid": "0000-0001-8043-0657" }, { "family_name": "Song", "given_name": "Qinghua", "orcid": "0000-0002-4622-0418" }, { "family_name": "Genevet", "given_name": "Patrice", "orcid": "0000-0003-0216-3885" }, { "family_name": "Achouri", "given_name": "Karim", "orcid": "0000-0002-6444-5215" }, { "family_name": "Evlyukhin", "given_name": "Andrey B.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1801-6778" }, { "family_name": "Lemmer", "given_name": "Ulrich", "orcid": "0000-0001-9892-329X" }, { "family_name": "Fernandez-Corbaton", "given_name": "Ivan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2834-5572" } ], "abstract": "Here we present a roadmap on Photonic metasurfaces. This document consists of a number of perspective articles on different applications, challenge areas or technologies underlying photonic metasurfaces. Each perspective will introduce the topic, present a state of the art as well as give an insight into the future direction of the subfield.", "doi": "10.1063/5.0204694", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2024-06-24", "series_number": "26", "volume": "124", "issue": "26", "pages": "260701" }, { "id": "authors:dy8bd-mnm68", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dy8bd-mnm68", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/dy8bd-mnm68", "type": "article", "title": "Roadmap for Optical Metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kuznetsov", "given_name": "Arseniy I.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7622-8939", "clpid": "Kuznetsov-Arseniy-I" }, { "family_name": "Brongersma", "given_name": "Mark L.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1777-8970" }, { "family_name": "Yao", "given_name": "Jin", "orcid": "0000-0002-5664-832X" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Mu Ku", "orcid": "0000-0002-6697-0398" }, { "family_name": "Levy", "given_name": "Uriel", "orcid": "0000-0002-5918-1876" }, { "family_name": "Tsai", "given_name": "Din Ping", "orcid": "0000-0002-0883-9906" }, { "family_name": "Zheludev", "given_name": "Nikolay I." }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir" }, { "family_name": "Yu", "given_name": "Nanfang", "orcid": "0000-0002-9462-4724" }, { "family_name": "Chanda", "given_name": "Debashis" }, { "family_name": "Crozier", "given_name": "Kenneth B.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0947-001X" }, { "family_name": "Kildishev", "given_name": "Alexander V.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8382-8422" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Hao" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Joel K. W.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3301-1040" }, { "family_name": "Valentine", "given_name": "Jason G.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9943-7170" }, { "family_name": "Genevet", "given_name": "Patrice", "orcid": "0000-0003-0216-3885" }, { "family_name": "Fan", "given_name": "Jonathan A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9816-9979" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Owen D.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2745-2392" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "orcid": "0000-0003-0917-590X" }, { "family_name": "Fr\u00f6ch", "given_name": "Johannes E." }, { "family_name": "Brady", "given_name": "David" }, { "family_name": "Heide", "given_name": "Felix" }, { "family_name": "Veeraraghavan", "given_name": "Ashok" }, { "family_name": "Engheta", "given_name": "Nader", "orcid": "0000-0003-3219-9520" }, { "family_name": "Al\u00f9", "given_name": "Andrea", "orcid": "0000-0002-4297-5274" }, { "family_name": "Polman", "given_name": "Albert", "orcid": "0000-0002-0685-3886" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Thureja", "given_name": "Prachi", "orcid": "0000-0003-3852-3395", "clpid": "Thureja-Prachi" }, { "family_name": "Paniagua-Dominguez", "given_name": "Ramon", "orcid": "0000-0001-7836-681X" }, { "family_name": "Ha", "given_name": "Son Tung", "orcid": "0000-0002-5475-8365" }, { "family_name": "Barreda", "given_name": "Angela I.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1090-6108" }, { "family_name": "Schuller", "given_name": "Jon A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6949-3569" }, { "family_name": "Staude", "given_name": "Isabelle", "orcid": "0000-0001-8021-572X" }, { "family_name": "Grinblat", "given_name": "Gustavo", "orcid": "0000-0002-1637-9524" }, { "family_name": "Kivshar", "given_name": "Yuri", "orcid": "0000-0002-3410-812X" }, { "family_name": "Peana", "given_name": "Samuel" }, { "family_name": "Yelin", "given_name": "Susanne F." }, { "family_name": "Senichev", "given_name": "Alexander", "orcid": "0000-0003-2789-123X" }, { "family_name": "Shalaev", "given_name": "Vladimir M." }, { "family_name": "Saha", "given_name": "Soham" }, { "family_name": "Boltasseva", "given_name": "Alexandra", "orcid": "0000-0001-8905-2605" }, { "family_name": "Rho", "given_name": "Junsuk", "orcid": "0000-0002-2179-2890" }, { "family_name": "Oh", "given_name": "Dong Kyo", "orcid": "0000-0001-7025-6720" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Joohoon" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Junghyun" }, { "family_name": "Devlin", "given_name": "Robert" }, { "family_name": "Pala", "given_name": "Ragip A." } ], "abstract": "
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Metasurfaces have recently risen to prominence in optical research, providing unique functionalities that can be used for imaging, beam forming, holography, polarimetry, and many more, while keeping device dimensions small. Despite the fact that a vast range of basic metasurface designs has already been thoroughly studied in the literature, the number of metasurface-related papers is still growing at a rapid pace, as metasurface research is now spreading to adjacent fields, including computational imaging, augmented and virtual reality, automotive, display, biosensing, nonlinear, quantum and topological optics, optical computing, and more. At the same time, the ability of metasurfaces to perform optical functions in much more compact optical systems has triggered strong and constantly growing interest from various industries that greatly benefit from the availability of miniaturized, highly functional, and efficient optical components that can be integrated in optoelectronic systems at low cost. This creates a truly unique opportunity for the field of metasurfaces to make both a scientific and an industrial impact. The goal of this Roadmap is to mark this “golden age” of metasurface research and define future directions to encourage scientists and engineers to drive research and development in the field of metasurfaces toward both scientific excellence and broad industrial adoption.

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", "doi": "10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00457", "pmcid": "PMC10971570", "issn": "2330-4022", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "ACS Photonics", "publication_date": "2024-03-20", "series_number": "3", "volume": "11", "issue": "3", "pages": "816-865" }, { "id": "authors:ttfer-jk596", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ttfer-jk596", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ttfer-jk596", "type": "article", "title": "Dynamic light manipulation via silicon-organic slot metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Gu", "given_name": "Yiran" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9257-687X", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-Gregory" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "
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Active metasurfaces provide the opportunity for fast spatio-temporal control of light. Among various tuning methods, organic electro-optic materials provide some unique advantages due to their fast speed and large nonlinearity, along with the possibility of using fabrication techniques based on infiltration. In this letter, we report a silicon-organic platform where organic electro-optic material is infiltrated into the narrow gaps of slot-mode metasurfaces with high quality factors. The mode confinement into the slot enables the placement of metallic electrodes in close proximity, thus enabling tunability at lower voltages. We demonstrate the maximum tuning sensitivity of 0.16nm/V, the maximum extinction ratio of 38% within ± 17V voltage at telecommunication wavelength. The device has 3dB bandwidth of 3MHz. These results provide a path towards tunable silicon-organic hybrid metasurfaces at CMOS-level voltages.

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", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-024-45544-0", "pmcid": "PMC10879521", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2024-02-20", "volume": "15", "pages": "1557" }, { "id": "authors:97csb-6dg75", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "97csb-6dg75", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/97csb-6dg75", "type": "article", "title": "Carbon-Related Quantum Emitter in Hexagonal Boron Nitride with Homogeneous Energy and 3-Fold Polarization", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Ding", "orcid": "0000-0003-3149-2071", "clpid": "Zhong-Ding" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Shiyuan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9069-5306", "clpid": "Gao-Shiyuan" }, { "family_name": "Saccone", "given_name": "Max", "orcid": "0000-0003-3846-2908", "clpid": "Saccone-Max" }, { "family_name": "Greer", "given_name": "Julia R.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9675-1508", "clpid": "Greer-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Bernardi", "given_name": "Marco", "orcid": "0000-0001-7289-9666", "clpid": "Bernardi-Marco" }, { "family_name": "Nadj-Perge", "given_name": "Stevan", "orcid": "0000-0002-2394-9070", "clpid": "Nadj-Perge-S" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "
\n

Most hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) single-photon emitters (SPEs) studied to date suffer from variable emission energy and unpredictable polarization, two crucial obstacles to their application in quantum technologies. Here, we report an SPE in hBN with an energy of 2.2444 ± 0.0013 eV created via carbon implantation that exhibits a small inhomogeneity of the emission energy. Polarization-resolved measurements reveal aligned absorption and emission dipole orientations with a 3-fold distribution, which follows the crystal symmetry. Photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy results show the predictability of polarization is associated with a reproducible PLE band, in contrast with the non-reproducible bands found in previous hBN SPE species. Photon correlation measurements are consistent with a three-level model with weak coupling to a shelving state. Our ab initio excited-state calculations shed light on the atomic origin of this SPE defect, which consists of a pair of substitutional carbon atoms located at boron and nitrogen sites separated by a hexagonal unit cell.

\n
", "doi": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03628", "pmcid": "PMC10835729", "issn": "1530-6984", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "Nano Letters", "publication_date": "2024-01-31", "series_number": "4", "volume": "24", "issue": "4", "pages": "1106-1113" }, { "id": "authors:28620-w1j21", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "28620-w1j21", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/28620-w1j21", "type": "article", "title": "Near-infrared hybrid quantum photonic interface for \u00b9\u2077\u00b9Yb\u00b3\u207a solid-state qubits", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Chun-Ju", "clpid": "Wu-Chun-Ju" }, { "family_name": "Riedel", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0001-8058-6993", "clpid": "Riedel-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0001-7684-7409", "clpid": "Ruskuc-Andrei" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Ding", "orcid": "0000-0003-3149-2071", "clpid": "Zhong-Ding" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9257-687X", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "

¹\u2077¹Yb³\u207a in YVO\u2084 is a promising candidate for building quantum networks with good optical addressability, excellent spin properties and a secondary nuclear-spin quantum register. However, the associated long optical lifetime necessitates coupling to optical resonators for faster emission of single photons and to facilitate control of single ¹\u2077¹Yb ions. Previously, single ¹\u2077¹\u2062Yb ions were addressed by coupling them to monolithic photonic crystal cavities fabricated via lengthy focused ion beam milling. Here, we design and fabricate a hybrid platform based on ions coupled to the evanescently decaying field of a GaAs photonic crystal cavity. For the most strongly coupled ion close to the GaAs-YVO interface, we find a 64-fold reduction in lifetime corresponding to a Purcell enhancement of 179. For an ion with a Purcell enhancement of 21, we experimentally detect and demonstrate coherent optical control. The results show a promising route toward a quantum network with ¹\u2077¹\u2062Yb-YVO\u2084 using a highly scalable platform that can readily be applied to other quantum emitters in the near-infrared.

", "doi": "10.1103/physrevapplied.20.044018", "issn": "2331-7019", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Applied", "publication_date": "2023-10", "series_number": "4", "volume": "20", "issue": "4", "pages": "044018" }, { "id": "authors:vjgm3-gsy37", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vjgm3-gsy37", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vjgm3-gsy37", "type": "article", "title": "High-dimensional time-frequency entanglement in a singly-filtered biphoton frequency comb", "author": [ { "family_name": "Cheng", "given_name": "Xiang", "orcid": "0000-0003-4632-8477", "clpid": "Cheng-Xiang" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Kai-Chi", "orcid": "0000-0002-2562-0009", "clpid": "Chang-Kai-Chi" }, { "family_name": "Sarihan", "given_name": "Murat Can", "orcid": "0000-0003-3800-7980", "clpid": "Sarihan-Murat-Can" }, { "family_name": "Mueller", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0002-6598-9732", "clpid": "Mueller-Andrew" }, { "family_name": "Spiropulu", "given_name": "Maria", "orcid": "0000-0001-8172-7081", "clpid": "Spiropulu-M" }, { "family_name": "Shaw", "given_name": "Matthew D.", "clpid": "Shaw-Matthew-D" }, { "family_name": "Korzh", "given_name": "Boris", "orcid": "0000-0002-8262-9720", "clpid": "Korzh-Boris" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Wong", "given_name": "Franco N. C.", "clpid": "Wong-Franco-N-C" }, { "family_name": "Shapiro", "given_name": "Jeffrey H.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6094-5861" }, { "family_name": "Wong", "given_name": "Chee Wei", "orcid": "0000-0001-7652-7720", "clpid": "Wong-Chee-Wei" } ], "abstract": "

High-dimensional quantum entanglement is a cornerstone for advanced technology enabling large-scale noise-tolerant quantum systems, fault-tolerant quantum computing, and distributed quantum networks. The recently developed biphoton frequency comb (BFC) provides a powerful platform for high-dimensional quantum information processing in its spectral and temporal quantum modes. Here we propose and generate a singly-filtered high-dimensional BFC via spontaneous parametric down-conversion by spectrally shaping only the signal photons with a Fabry-P\u00e9rot cavity. High-dimensional energy-time entanglement is verified through Franson-interference recurrences and temporal correlation with low-jitter detectors. Frequency- and temporal- entanglement of our singly-filtered BFC is then quantified by Schmidt mode decomposition. Subsequently, we distribute the high-dimensional singly-filtered BFC state over a 10\u2009km fiber link with a post-distribution time-bin dimension lower bounded to be at least 168. Our demonstrations of high-dimensional entanglement and entanglement distribution show the singly-filtered quantum frequency comb's capability for high-efficiency quantum information processing and high-capacity quantum networks.

", "doi": "10.1038/s42005-023-01370-2", "issn": "2399-3650", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Communications Physics", "publication_date": "2023-09-28", "volume": "6", "pages": "278" }, { "id": "authors:9cxkj-v5x17", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9cxkj-v5x17", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/9cxkj-v5x17", "type": "article", "title": "Multi-dimensional wavefront sensing using volumetric meta-optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "orcid": "0000-0003-4854-8342", "clpid": "Ballew-Conner" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-Gregory" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "The ideal imaging system would efficiently capture information about the fundamental properties of light: propagation direction, wavelength, and polarization. Most common imaging systems only map the spatial degrees of freedom of light onto a two-dimensional image sensor, with some wavelength and/or polarization discrimination added at the expense of efficiency. Thus, one of the most intriguing problems in optics is how to group and classify multiple degrees of freedom and map them on a two-dimensional sensor space. Here we demonstrate through simulation that volumetric meta-optics consisting of a highly scattering, inverse-designed medium structured with subwavelength resolution can sort light simultaneously based on direction, wavelength, and polarization. This is done by mapping these properties to a distinct combination of pixels on the image sensor for compressed sensing applications, including wavefront sensing, beam profiling, and next-generation plenoptic sensors.", "doi": "10.1364/oe.492440", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optica Publishing Group", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2023-08-28", "series_number": "18", "volume": "31", "issue": "18", "pages": "28658-28669" }, { "id": "authors:4d682-zt446", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4d682-zt446", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230705-704041500.15", "type": "article", "title": "Nanoelectromechanical Tuning of High-Q Slot Metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9257-687X", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Nanoelectromechanical devices have been used widely in many applications across photonics, electronics, and acoustics. Their incorporation into metasurface systems could be beneficial in designing new types of active photonic devices. Here, we propose a design of active metasurfaces using a nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) composed of silicon bars which operates under CMOS-level voltage and achieves phase modulation with wavelength-scale pixel pitch. By introducing a perturbation to the slot mode propagating between the silicon bars, the device operates in a high-Q regime, making the optical mode highly sensitive to mechanical movement. An over 12 dB reflection modulation is observed by full-wave simulation, and over 10% is achieved in the proof-of-concept experiment under CMOS-level voltage. We also simulate a device with 1.8\u03c0 phase response using a bottom gold mirror. Based on this device, a 3-pixel optical beam deflector is shown to have 75% diffraction efficiency.", "doi": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00999", "pmcid": "PMC10311603", "issn": "1530-6984", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "Nano Letters", "publication_date": "2023-06-28", "series_number": "12", "volume": "23", "issue": "12", "pages": "5588-5594" }, { "id": "authors:mpc7a-e4488", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mpc7a-e4488", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230519-1694000.16", "type": "article", "title": "3D-patterned inverse-designed mid-infrared metaoptics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-Gregory-D" }, { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "orcid": "0000-0003-4854-8342", "clpid": "Ballew-Conner" }, { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Garcia", "given_name": "Juan C.", "clpid": "Garcia-Juan-C" }, { "family_name": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz", "given_name": "Sarah", "orcid": "0000-0002-1203-3083", "clpid": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz-Sarah" }, { "family_name": "Hon", "given_name": "Philip W. C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7507-4571", "clpid": "Hon-Philip-W-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Modern imaging systems can be enhanced in efficiency, compactness, and application through the introduction of multilayer nanopatterned structures for manipulation of light based on its fundamental properties. High transmission multispectral imaging is elusive due to the commonplace use of filter arrays which discard most of the incident light. Further, given the challenges of miniaturizing optical systems, most cameras do not leverage the wealth of information in polarization and spatial degrees of freedom. Optical metamaterials can respond to these electromagnetic properties but have been explored primarily in single-layer geometries, limiting their performance and multifunctional capacity. Here we use advanced two-photon lithography to realize multilayer scattering structures that achieve highly nontrivial optical transformations intended to process light just before it reaches a focal plane array. Computationally optimized multispectral and polarimetric sorting devices are fabricated with submicron feature sizes and experimentally validated in the mid-infrared. A final structure shown in simulation redirects light based on its angular momentum. These devices demonstrate that with precise 3-dimensional nanopatterning, one can directly modify the scattering properties of a sensor array to create advanced imaging systems.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-38258-2", "pmcid": "PMC10183040", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2023-05-13", "volume": "14", "pages": "Art. No. 2768" }, { "id": "authors:b5z66-8ry73", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "b5z66-8ry73", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230602-251913000.52", "type": "article", "title": "Many-body cavity quantum electrodynamics with driven inhomogeneous emitters", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lei", "given_name": "Mi", "clpid": "Lei-Mi" }, { "family_name": "Fukumori", "given_name": "Rikuto", "orcid": "0000-0003-0896-4261", "clpid": "Fukumori-Rikuto" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake-H" }, { "family_name": "Zhu", "given_name": "Bihui", "orcid": "0000-0002-9457-4560", "clpid": "Zhu-Bihui" }, { "family_name": "Endres", "given_name": "Manuel", "orcid": "0000-0002-4461-224X", "clpid": "Endres-M" }, { "family_name": "Choi", "given_name": "Joonhee", "orcid": "0000-0002-3507-8751", "clpid": "Choi-Joonhee" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Quantum emitters coupled to optical resonators are quintessential systems for exploring fundamental phenomena in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) and are commonly used in quantum devices acting as qubits, memories and transducers. Many previous experimental cQED studies have focused on regimes in which a small number of identical emitters interact with a weak external drive such that the system can be described with simple, effective models. However, the dynamics of a disordered, many-body quantum system subject to a strong drive have not been fully explored, despite its importance and potential in quantum applications. Here we study how a large, inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of solid-state emitters coupled with high cooperativity to a nanophotonic resonator behaves under strong excitation. We discover a sharp, collectively induced transparency (CIT) in the cavity reflection spectrum, resulting from quantum interference and collective response induced by the interplay between driven inhomogeneous emitters and cavity photons. Furthermore, coherent excitation within the CIT window leads to highly nonlinear optical emission, spanning from fast superradiance to slow subradiance. These phenomena in the many-body cQED regime enable new mechanisms for achieving slow light and frequency referencing, pave a way towards solid-state superradiant lasers and inform the development of ensemble-based quantum interconnects.", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-023-05884-1", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2023-05-11", "series_number": "7960", "volume": "617", "issue": "7960", "pages": "271-276" }, { "id": "authors:k4erg-qg433", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "k4erg-qg433", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230314-846094500.86", "type": "article", "title": "Metasurface\u2010Enabled Holographic Lithography for Impact\u2010Absorbing Nanoarchitected Sheets", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kagias", "given_name": "Matias", "orcid": "0000-0003-0435-6672", "clpid": "Kagias-Matias" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seola", "clpid": "Lee-Seola" }, { "family_name": "Friedman", "given_name": "Andrew C.", "clpid": "Friedman-Andrew-C" }, { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Veysset", "given_name": "David", "orcid": "0000-0003-4473-1983", "clpid": "Veysset-David" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Greer", "given_name": "Julia R.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9675-1508", "clpid": "Greer-J-R" } ], "abstract": "Nanoarchitected materials represent a class of structural meta-materials that utilze nanoscale features to achieve unconventional material properties such as ultralow density and high energy absorption. A dearth of fabrication methods capable of producing architected materials with sub-micrometer resolution over large areas in a scalable manner exists. A fabrication technique is presented that employs holographic patterns generated by laser exposure of phase metasurface masks in negative-tone photoresists to produce 30\u201340 \u00b5m-thick nanoarchitected sheets with 2.1 \u00d7 2.4 cm\u00b2 lateral dimensions and \u2248500 nm-wide struts organized in layered 3D brick-and-mortar-like patterns to result in \u224850\u201370% porosity. Nanoindentation arrays over the entire sample area reveal the out-of-plane elastic modulus to vary between 300 MPa and 4 GPa, with irrecoverable post-elastic material deformation commencing via individual nanostrut buckling, densification within layers, shearing along perturbation perimeter, and tensile cracking. Laser induced particle impact tests (LIPIT) indicate specific inelastic energy dissipation of 0.51\u20132.61 MJ kg\u207b\u00b9, which is comparable to other high impact energy absorbing composites and nanomaterials, such as Kevlar/poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) composite, polystyrene, and pyrolized carbon nanolattices with 23% relative density. These results demonstrate that holographic lithography offers a promising platform for scalable manufacturing of nanoarchitected materials with impact resistant capabilities.", "doi": "10.1002/adma.202209153", "issn": "0935-9648", "publisher": "Wiley", "publication": "Advanced Materials", "publication_date": "2023-03-29", "series_number": "13", "volume": "35", "issue": "13", "pages": "Art. No. 2209153" }, { "id": "authors:b656n-jd833", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "b656n-jd833", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230206-9587900.22", "type": "article", "title": "Constraining Continuous Topology Optimizations to Discrete Solutions for Photonic Applications", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "orcid": "0000-0003-4854-8342", "clpid": "Ballew-Conner" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-Gregory" }, { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Photonic topology optimization is a technique used to find the permittivity distribution of a device that optimizes an electromagnetic figure-of-merit. Two common versions are used: continuous density-based optimizations that optimize a gray scale permittivity defined over a grid, and discrete level-set optimizations that optimize the shape of the material boundary of a device. In this work we present a method for constraining a continuous optimization such that it is guaranteed to converge to a discrete solution. This is done by inserting a constrained suboptimization with low computational overhead cost at each iteration of an overall gradient-based optimization. The technique adds only one hyperparameter with straightforward behavior to control the aggressiveness of binarization. Computational examples are provided to analyze the hyperparameter behavior, show this technique can be used in conjunction with projection filters, show the benefits of using this technique to provide a nearly discrete starting point for subsequent level-set optimization, and show that an additional hyperparameter can be introduced to control the overall material/void fraction. This method excels for problems where the electromagnetic figure-of-merit is majorly affected by the binarization requirement and situations where identifying suitable hyperparameter values becomes challenging with existing methods.", "doi": "10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00862", "issn": "2330-4022", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "ACS Photonics", "publication_date": "2023-03-09" }, { "id": "authors:m93x8-bh455", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "m93x8-bh455", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230613-731307200.39", "type": "article", "title": "Microwave-to-optical transduction with erbium ions coupled to planar photonic and superconducting resonators", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake-H" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Tian", "clpid": "Xie-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-John-G" }, { "family_name": "Schwab", "given_name": "K. C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815", "clpid": "Schwab-K-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Optical quantum networks can connect distant quantum processors to enable secure quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. Superconducting qubits are a leading technology for quantum information processing but cannot couple to long-distance optical networks without an efficient, coherent, and low noise interface between microwave and optical photons. Here, we demonstrate a microwave-to-optical transducer using an ensemble of erbium ions that is simultaneously coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator and a nanophotonic optical resonator. The coherent atomic transitions of the ions mediate the frequency conversion from microwave photons to optical photons and using photon counting we observed device conversion efficiency approaching 10\u207b\u2077. With pulsed operation at a low duty cycle, the device maintained a spin temperature below 100\u2009mK and microwave resonator heating of less than 0.15 quanta.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-023-36799-0", "pmcid": "PMC9977906", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2023-03-01", "volume": "14", "pages": "Art. No. 1153" }, { "id": "authors:4adpq-0fp16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4adpq-0fp16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230202-570644000.3", "type": "article", "title": "Metasurface\u2010Enabled Holographic Lithography for Impact\u2010Absorbing Nano\u2010Architected Sheets", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kagias", "given_name": "Matias", "orcid": "0000-0003-0435-6672", "clpid": "Kagias-Matias" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seola", "clpid": "Lee-Seola" }, { "family_name": "Greer", "given_name": "Julia R.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9675-1508", "clpid": "Greer-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Friedman", "given_name": "Andrew C.", "clpid": "Friedman-Andrew-C" }, { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Veysset", "given_name": "David", "orcid": "0000-0003-4473-1983", "clpid": "Veysset-David" } ], "abstract": "Nano-architected materials represent a class of structural meta-materials that utilze nanoscale features to achieve unconventional material properties such as ultra-low density and high energy absorption. A dearth of fabrication methods capable of producing architected materials with sub-micron resolution over large areas in a scalable manner exists. We present a fabrication technique that employs holographic patterns generated by laser exposure of phase metasurface masks in negative-tone photoresists to produce 30 to 40 micrometer thick nano-architected sheets with 2.1 x 2.4 cm\u00b2 lateral dimensions and approximately 500 nm wide struts organized in layered 3D brick-and-mortar-like patterns to result in approximately 50 to 70% porosity. Nanoindentation arrays over the entire sample area reveal the out-of-plane elastic modulus to vary between 300 MPa and 4 GPa, with irrecoverable post-elastic material deformation commencing via individual nano-strut buckling, densification within layers, shearing along perturbation perimeter, and tensile cracking. Laser induced particle impact tests (LIPIT) indicate specific inelastic energy dissipation of 0.51-2.61 MJ kg\u207b\u00b9, which is comparable to other high-impact energy absorbing composites and nanomaterials, such as Kevlar/polyvinyl butyral (PVB) composite, polystyrene, and pyrolized carbon nanolattices with 23% relative density. These results demonstrate that holographic lithography offers a promising platform for scalable manufacturing of nano-architected materials with impact resistant capabilities.", "doi": "10.1002/adma.202209153", "issn": "0935-9648", "publisher": "Wiley", "publication": "Advanced Materials", "publication_date": "2023-02-02", "pages": "Art. No. 2209153" }, { "id": "authors:hdmd4-hc224", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hdmd4-hc224", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230125-514893900.17", "type": "article", "title": "Advances in optical metalenses", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Optical metalenses\u2014two-dimensional arrays of submicrometre scatterers that collectively focus light\u2014have experienced growing research interest in recent years as they can realize conventional optical elements while offering novel functionalities. Their progress is driven by the need for low-cost, high-performance miniaturized optical systems and is supported by advances in nanofabrication and computational tools and techniques. Here we review the main capabilities offered by metalenses, such as their multifunctionality and their ability to efficiently focus light to subwavelength spots. We discuss how these characteristics enable new applications and provide an overview of the current state of the art of optical metasystems. We conclude by discussing the outstanding challenges in the field and highlighting application areas where metalenses could have a substantial impact.", "doi": "10.1038/s41566-022-01108-6", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2023-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "17", "issue": "1", "pages": "16-25" }, { "id": "authors:ke1kq-rk838", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ke1kq-rk838", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20221019-342695600.2", "type": "article", "title": "Nano-electromechanical spatial light modulator enabled by asymmetric resonant dielectric metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9257-687X", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Spatial light modulators (SLMs) play essential roles in various free-space optical technologies, offering spatio-temporal control of amplitude, phase, or polarization of light. Beyond conventional SLMs based on liquid crystals or microelectromechanical systems, active metasurfaces are considered as promising SLM platforms because they could simultaneously provide high-speed and small pixel size. However, the active metasurfaces reported so far have achieved either limited phase modulation or low efficiency. Here, we propose nano-electromechanically tunable asymmetric dielectric metasurfaces as a platform for reflective SLMs. Exploiting the strong asymmetric radiation of perturbed high-order Mie resonances, the metasurfaces experimentally achieve a phase-shift close to 290\u2218, over 50% reflectivity, and a wavelength-scale pixel size. Electrical control of diffraction patterns is also achieved by displacing the Mie resonators using nano-electro-mechanical forces. This work paves the ways for future exploration of the asymmetric metasurfaces and for their application to the next-generation SLMs.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-022-33449-9", "pmcid": "PMC9530114", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2022-10-03", "series_number": "1", "volume": "13", "issue": "1", "pages": "Art. No. 5811" }, { "id": "authors:647rw-v5242", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "647rw-v5242", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230605-255128000.2", "type": "monograph", "title": "Many-body cavity quantum electrodynamics with driven inhomogeneous emitters", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lei", "given_name": "Mi", "clpid": "Lei-Mi" }, { "family_name": "Fukumori", "given_name": "Rikuto", "orcid": "0000-0003-0896-4261", "clpid": "Fukumori-Rikuto" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake-H" }, { "family_name": "Zhu", "given_name": "Bihui", "orcid": "0000-0002-9457-4560", "clpid": "Zhu-Bihui" }, { "family_name": "Endres", "given_name": "Manuel", "orcid": "0000-0002-4461-224X", "clpid": "Endres-M" }, { "family_name": "Choi", "given_name": "Joonhee", "orcid": "0000-0002-3507-8751", "clpid": "Choi-Joonhee" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Quantum emitters coupled to optical resonators are quintessential systems for exploring fundamental phenomena in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED) and are commonly used in quantum devices acting as qubits, memories and transducers. Many previous experimental cQED studies have focused on regimes in which a small number of identical emitters interact with a weak external drive, such that the system can be described with simple, effective models. However, the dynamics of a disordered, many-body quantum system subject to a strong drive have not been fully explored, despite its importance and potential in quantum applications. Here we study how a large, inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of solid-state emitters coupled with high cooperativity to a nanophotonic resonator behaves under strong excitation. We discover a sharp, collectively induced transparency (CIT) in the cavity reflection spectrum, resulting from quantum interference and collective response induced by the interplay between driven inhomogeneous emitters and cavity photons. Furthermore, coherent excitation within the CIT window leads to highly nonlinear optical emission, spanning from fast superradiance to slow subradiance. These phenomena in the many-body cQED regime enable new mechanisms for achieving slow light and frequency referencing, pave a way towards solid-state superradiant lasers and inform the development of ensemble-based quantum interconnects.", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2022-08-08" }, { "id": "authors:t5y1j-x1c63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t5y1j-x1c63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220307-189693000", "type": "book_section", "title": "Volumetric meta-optics for sorting light by color, polarization, and angle of incidence", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "orcid": "0000-0003-4854-8342", "clpid": "Ballew-Conner" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-Gregory-D" }, { "family_name": "Foo", "given_name": "Ian", "clpid": "Foo-Ian" } ], "abstract": "Three-dimensional elements, with refractive index distribution structured at subwavelength scale, provide an expansive optical design space that can be harnessed for demonstrating multifunctional free-space optical devices. We present three dimensional dielectric elements, designed to be placed on top of the pixels of image sensors that provide different functionalities like sorting and focusing of light based on its color, polarization and incidence angle. The devices are designed via iterative gradient-based optimization to account for multiple target functions while ensuring compatibility with existing nanofabrication processes. This approach combines arbitrary functions into a single compact element, even where there is no known equivalent in bulk optics, enabling novel integrated photonic applications. We analyze how the device behaves for input parameters that it was not designed for and investigate how the arrangement of the imaging pixels affects the device performance.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2613610", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers", "publication_date": "2022-03-05" }, { "id": "authors:qtgzt-5c755", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qtgzt-5c755", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220307-189688000", "type": "book_section", "title": "Towards quantum networks with single rare-earth ions in nanophotonic cavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0001-7684-7409", "clpid": "Ruskuc-Andrei" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Chun Ju", "clpid": "Wu-Chun-Ju" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake-H" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Tian", "clpid": "Xie-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Lei", "given_name": "Mi", "clpid": "Lei-Mi" }, { "family_name": "Fukumori", "given_name": "Rikuto", "clpid": "Fukumori-Rikuto" }, { "family_name": "Riedel", "given_name": "Daniel", "clpid": "Riedel-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Choi", "given_name": "Joonhee", "clpid": "Choi-Joonhee" } ], "abstract": "Quantum optical networks will enable distribution of quantum entanglement at long distances, with applications including interconnects between future quantum computers and secure quantum communications. I will present our recent work on developing quantum networking components based on rare-earth ions such as single optically addressable quantum bits based on ytterbium 171 in yttrium orthovanadate, microwave to optical transducers based on erbium doped crystals coupled to microwave and optical resonators, and on-chip telecom optical quantum memories.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2616098", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers", "publication_date": "2022-03-05" }, { "id": "authors:d20mf-dpf08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "d20mf-dpf08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210917-222630119", "type": "article", "title": "Nuclear spin-wave quantum register for a solid-state qubit", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0001-7684-7409", "clpid": "Ruskuc-Andrei" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Chun-Ju", "clpid": "Wu-Chun-Ju" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake-H" }, { "family_name": "Choi", "given_name": "Joonhee", "clpid": "Choi-Joonhee" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Solid-state nuclear spins surrounding individual, optically addressable qubits are a crucial resource for quantum networks, computation and simulation. Although hosts with sparse nuclear spin baths are typically chosen to mitigate qubit decoherence, developing coherent quantum systems in nuclear-spin-rich hosts enables exploration of a much broader range of materials for quantum information applications. The collective modes of these dense nuclear spin ensembles provide a natural basis for quantum storage; however, using them as a resource for single-spin qubits has thus far remained elusive. Here, by using a highly coherent, optically addressed \u00b9\u2077\u00b9Yb\u00b3\u207a qubit doped into a nuclear-spin-rich yttrium orthovanadate crystal, we develop a robust quantum control protocol to manipulate the multi-level nuclear spin states of neighbouring \u2075\u00b9V\u2075\u207a lattice ions. Via a dynamically engineered spin-exchange interaction, we polarize this nuclear spin ensemble, generate collective spin excitations, and subsequently use them to implement a quantum memory. We additionally demonstrate preparation and measurement of maximally entangled \u00b9\u2077\u00b9Yb\u2013\u2075\u00b9V Bell states. Unlike conventional, disordered nuclear-spin-based quantum memories, our platform is deterministic and reproducible, ensuring identical quantum registers for all \u00b9\u2077\u00b9Yb\u00b3\u207a qubits. Our approach provides a framework for utilizing the complex structure of dense nuclear spin baths, paving the way towards building large-scale quantum networks using single rare-earth ion qubits.", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-021-04293-6", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2022-02-17", "series_number": "7897", "volume": "602", "issue": "7897", "pages": "408-413" }, { "id": "authors:747ed-den16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "747ed-den16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210917-215618295", "type": "article", "title": "NEMS-Tunable Dielectric Chiral Metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9257-687X", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Active control of strong chiroptical responses in metasurfaces can offer new opportunities for optical polarization engineering. Plasmonic active chiral metasurfaces have been investigated before, but their tunable chiroptical responses are limited due to inherent loss of plasmonic resonances, thus stimulating research in low loss active dielectric chiral metasurfaces. Among diverse tuning methods, electrically tunable dielectric chiral metasurfaces are promising thanks to their potential for on-chip integration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate nanoelectromechanically tunable dielectric chiral metasurfaces with reflective circular dichroism (CD). We show CD in absoulte reflection over 0.85 in simulation and 0.45 experimentally. The devices enable continuous control of CD by induced electrostatic forces from 0.45 to 0.01 with an electrical bias below 3 V. This work highlights the potential of nanoelectromechanically tunable metasurfaces for scalable optical polarization modulators.", "doi": "10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00898", "pmcid": "PMC9390947", "issn": "2330-4022", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "ACS Photonics", "publication_date": "2021-10-20", "series_number": "10", "volume": "8", "issue": "10", "pages": "2980-2986" }, { "id": "authors:0apws-bbm98", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0apws-bbm98", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210409-133949177", "type": "article", "title": "Characterization of Er\u00b3\u207a:YVO\u2084 for microwave to optical transduction", "author": [ { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Tian", "clpid": "Xie-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-John-G" }, { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0001-7684-7409", "clpid": "Ruskuc-Andrei" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-Jonathan-M" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-Ioana" }, { "family_name": "Thiel", "given_name": "Charles W.", "clpid": "Thiel-Charles-W" }, { "family_name": "Cone", "given_name": "Rufus L.", "clpid": "Cone-Rufus-L" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Quantum transduction between microwave and optical frequencies is important for connecting superconducting quantum platforms within a quantum network. Ensembles of rare-earth ions are promising candidates to achieve this conversion due to their collective coherence properties at microwave and optical frequencies. Erbium ions are of particular interest because of their telecom wavelength optical transitions that are compatible with fiber communication networks and components. Here, we report the optical and electron spin properties of erbium-doped yttrium orthovanadate (Er\u00b3\u207a:YVO\u2084), including high-resolution optical spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance studies, and an initial demonstration of microwave to optical conversion of classical fields. The highly absorptive optical transitions and narrow ensemble linewidths make Er\u00b3\u207a:YVO\u2084 promising for magneto-optic quantum transduction.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.104.054111", "issn": "2469-9950", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review B", "publication_date": "2021-08-01", "series_number": "5", "volume": "104", "issue": "5", "pages": "Art. No. 054111" }, { "id": "authors:rr6hk-jdr78", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rr6hk-jdr78", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210825-184701434", "type": "monograph", "title": "Constraining continuous topology optimizations to discrete solutions for photonic applications", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "orcid": "0000-0003-4854-8342", "clpid": "Ballew-Conner" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-Gregory-D" }, { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Photonic topology optimization is a technique used to find the electric permittivity distribution of a device that optimizes an electromagnetic figure-of-merit. Two common techniques are used: continuous density-based optimizations that optimize a grey-scale permittivity defined over a grid, and discrete level-set optimizations that optimize the shape of the material boundary of a device. More recently, continuous optimizations have been used to find an initial seed for a concluding level-set optimization since level-set techniques tend to benefit from a well-performing initial structure. However, continuous optimizations are not guaranteed to yield sufficient initial seeds for subsequent level-set optimizations, particularly for high-contrast structures, since they are not guaranteed to converge to solutions that resemble only two discrete materials. In this work, we present a method for constraining a continuous optimization such that it converges to a discrete solution. This is done by inserting a constrained sub-optimization at each iteration of an overall gradient-based optimization. This technique can be used purely on its own to optimize a device, or it can be used to provide a nearly discrete starting point for a level-set optimization.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.2107.09468", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2021-07-20" }, { "id": "authors:3f7m4-gny23", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3f7m4-gny23", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210622-224021898", "type": "article", "title": "Probing strong coupling between a microwave cavity and a spin ensemble with Raman heterodyne spectroscopy", "author": [ { "family_name": "King", "given_name": "Gavin G. G.", "clpid": "King-Gavin-G-G" }, { "family_name": "Barnett", "given_name": "Peter S.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6100-7607", "clpid": "Barnett-Peter-S" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-John-G" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Longdell", "given_name": "Jevon J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2876-3152", "clpid": "Longdell-Jevon-J" } ], "abstract": "Raman heterodyne spectroscopy is a powerful tool for characterizing the energy and dynamics of spins. The technique uses an optical pump to transfer coherence from a spin transition to an optical transition where the coherent emission is more easily detected. Here Raman heterodyne spectroscopy is used to probe an isotopically purified ensemble of erbium dopants in a yttrium orthosilicate (Y\u2082SiO\u2085) crystal coupled to a microwave cavity. Because the erbium electron spin transition is strongly coupled to the microwave cavity, we observed Raman heterodyne signals at the resonant frequencies of the hybrid spin-cavity modes (polaritons) rather than the bare erbium spin-transition frequency. Using the coupled system, we made saturation recovery measurements of the ground-state spin relaxation time T\u2081 = 10\u00b13 s and also observed Raman heterodyne signals using an excited state spin transition. We discuss the implications of these results for efforts toward converting microwave quantum states to optical quantum states.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.103.214305", "issn": "2469-9950", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review B", "publication_date": "2021-06-01", "series_number": "21", "volume": "103", "issue": "21", "pages": "Art. No. 214305" }, { "id": "authors:1ygcq-01j73", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1ygcq-01j73", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201203-151025471", "type": "article", "title": "Mechanically reconfigurable multi-functional meta-optics studied at microwave frequencies", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "clpid": "Ballew-Connor" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-Gregory" }, { "family_name": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz", "given_name": "Philip", "orcid": "0000-0002-1203-3083", "clpid": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz-Philip" }, { "family_name": "Debbas", "given_name": "Maximilien F.", "clpid": "Debbas-Maximilien-F" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Metasurfaces advanced the field of optics by reducing the thickness of optical components and merging multiple functionalities into a single layer device. However, this generally comes with a reduction in performance, especially for multifunctional and broadband applications. Three-dimensional metastructures can provide the necessary degrees of freedom for advanced applications, while maintaining minimal thickness. This work explores 3D mechanically reconfigurable devices that perform focusing, spectral demultiplexing, and polarization sorting based on mechanical configuration. As proof of concept, a rotatable device, auxetic device, and a shearing-based device are designed with adjoint-based topology optimization, 3D-printed, and measured at microwave frequencies (7.6-11.6 GHz) in an anechoic chamber.", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-88785-5", "pmcid": "PMC8160010", "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2021-05-27", "volume": "11", "pages": "Art. No. 11145" }, { "id": "authors:97fe9-v6314", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "97fe9-v6314", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-222644900", "type": "book_section", "title": "On-chip Microwave to Optical Transduction Using Rare Earth Doped Materials", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Tian", "clpid": "Xie-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-John-G" } ], "abstract": "Rare-earth ions simultaneously coupled to optical and microwave resonators are one of the platforms for realizing efficient microwave to optical quantum transducers. I discuss our group's recent progress towards this goal.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_at.2021.jtu4b.2", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. JTu4B.2" }, { "id": "authors:4f6bt-sqx44", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4f6bt-sqx44", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-360933200", "type": "book_section", "title": "Mechanically Reconfigurable Multi-Functional Meta-Optics", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "orcid": "0000-0003-4854-8342", "clpid": "Ballew-Conner" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-Gregory" }, { "family_name": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz", "given_name": "Philip", "orcid": "0000-0002-1203-3083", "clpid": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz-Philip" }, { "family_name": "Debbas", "given_name": "Maximilien F.", "clpid": "Debbas-Maximilien-F" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We explore mechanically reconfigurable meta-optics with switchable optical functionality. 3D-printed microwave devices featuring broadband focusing, spectral demultiplexing, and polarization splitting are measured with various reconfiguration schemes, including shearing and auxetic transformations.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fth4k.2", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. FTh4K.2" }, { "id": "authors:fvpnc-g3d59", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "fvpnc-g3d59", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-69529300", "type": "book_section", "title": "Nanoelectromechanical tuning of dual-mode resonant metasurfaces", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9257-687X", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate nanoelectromechanical tuning of dual-mode resonant dielectric metasurfaces. The devices achieve intensity modulation over 40%, > 10kHz speed, and 144\u00b0 phase shift with 7V bias voltage.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fw2n.4", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2021-05", "pages": "Art. No. FW2N.4" }, { "id": "authors:rend5-c5m92", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rend5-c5m92", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210208-144010825", "type": "article", "title": "Nano-electromechanical Tuning of Dual-Mode Resonant Dielectric Metasurfaces for Dynamic Amplitude and Phase Modulation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9257-687X", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "orcid": "0000-0001-7058-5196", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Planar all-dielectric photonic crystals or metasurfaces host various resonant eigenmodes including leaky guided mode resonances (GMR) and bound states in the continuum (BIC). Engineering these resonant modes can provide new opportunities for diverse applications. Particularly, electrical control of the resonances will boost development of the applications by making them tunable. Here, we experimentally demonstrate nano-electromechanical tuning of both the GMR and the quasi-BIC modes in the telecom wavelength range. With electrostatic forces induced by a few volts, the devices achieve spectral shifts over 5 nm, absolute intensity modulation over 40%, and modulation speed exceeding 10 kHz. We also show that the interference between two resonances enables the enhancement of the phase response when two modes are overlapped in spectrum. A phase shift of 144\u00b0 is experimentally observed with a bias of 4 V. Our work suggests a direct route toward optical modulators through the engineering of GMRs and quasi-BIC resonances.", "doi": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04888", "pmcid": "PMC8890003", "issn": "1530-6984", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "Nano Letters", "publication_date": "2021-04-14", "series_number": "7", "volume": "21", "issue": "7", "pages": "2817-2823" }, { "id": "authors:wq4nb-6br86", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wq4nb-6br86", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200116-081813239", "type": "article", "title": "Development of Quantum Interconnects (QuICs) for Next-Generation Information Technologies", "author": [ { "family_name": "Awschalom", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Awschalom-David" }, { "family_name": "Berggren", "given_name": "Karl K.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7453-9031" }, { "family_name": "Bernien", "given_name": "Hannes" }, { "family_name": "Bhave", "given_name": "Sunil" }, { "family_name": "Carr", "given_name": "Lincoln D." }, { "family_name": "Davids", "given_name": "Paul" }, { "family_name": "Economou", "given_name": "Sophia E." }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fejer", "given_name": "Martin", "orcid": "0000-0002-5512-1905" }, { "family_name": "Guha", "given_name": "Saikat" }, { "family_name": "Gustafsson", "given_name": "Martin V." }, { "family_name": "Hu", "given_name": "Evelyn" }, { "family_name": "Jiang", "given_name": "Liangq", "orcid": "0000-0002-0000-9342" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Jungsang" }, { "family_name": "Korzh", "given_name": "Boris", "orcid": "0000-0002-8262-9720", "clpid": "Korzh-Boris-A" }, { "family_name": "Kumar", "given_name": "Prem" }, { "family_name": "Kwiat", "given_name": "Paul G." }, { "family_name": "Lon\u010dar", "given_name": "Marko", "orcid": "0000-0002-5029-5017" }, { "family_name": "Lukin", "given_name": "Mikhail D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8658-1007" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "David A. B." }, { "family_name": "Monroe", "given_name": "Christopher" }, { "family_name": "Nam", "given_name": "Sae Woo" }, { "family_name": "Narang", "given_name": "Prineha", "orcid": "0000-0003-3956-4594" }, { "family_name": "Orcutt", "given_name": "Jason S." }, { "family_name": "Raymer", "given_name": "Michael G." }, { "family_name": "Safavi-Naeini", "given_name": "Amir H.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6176-1274" }, { "family_name": "Spiropulu", "given_name": "Maria", "orcid": "0000-0001-8172-7081", "clpid": "Spiropulu-M" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "Kartik", "orcid": "0000-0003-2589-3688" }, { "family_name": "Sun", "given_name": "Shuo" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "orcid": "0000-0002-4603-9686" }, { "family_name": "Waks", "given_name": "Edo" }, { "family_name": "Walsworth", "given_name": "Ronald", "orcid": "0000-0003-0311-4751" }, { "family_name": "Weiner", "given_name": "Andrew M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1334-8183" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Zheshen" } ], "abstract": "Just as \"classical\" information technology rests on a foundation built of interconnected information-processing systems, quantum information technology (QIT) must do the same. A critical component of such systems is the \"interconnect,\" a device or process that allows transfer of information between disparate physical media, for example, semiconductor electronics, individual atoms, light pulses in optical fiber, or microwave fields. While interconnects have been well engineered for decades in the realm of classical information technology, quantum interconnects (QuICs) present special challenges, as they must allow the transfer of fragile quantum states between different physical parts or degrees of freedom of the system. The diversity of QIT platforms (superconducting, atomic, solid-state color center, optical, etc.) that will form a \"quantum internet\" poses additional challenges. As quantum systems scale to larger size, the quantum interconnect bottleneck is imminent, and is emerging as a grand challenge for QIT. For these reasons, it is the position of the community represented by participants of the NSF workshop on \"Quantum Interconnects\" that accelerating QuIC research is crucial for sustained development of a national quantum science and technology program. Given the diversity of QIT platforms, materials used, applications, and infrastructure required, a convergent research program including partnership between academia, industry, and national laboratories is required.", "doi": "10.1103/prxquantum.2.017002", "issn": "2691-3399", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "PRX Quantum", "publication_date": "2021-02", "series_number": "1", "volume": "2", "issue": "1", "pages": "Art. No. 017002" }, { "id": "authors:9xs90-z6741", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9xs90-z6741", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201110-144319268", "type": "article", "title": "Multifunctional on-chip storage at telecommunication wavelength for quantum networks", "author": [ { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-Ioana" }, { "family_name": "Lei", "given_name": "Mi", "clpid": "Lei-Mi" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-John-G" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Quantum networks will enable a variety of applications, from secure communication and precision measurements to distributed quantum computing. Storing photonic qubits and controlling their frequency, bandwidth, and retrieval time are important functionalities in future optical quantum networks. Here we demonstrate these functions using an ensemble of erbium ions in yttrium orthosilicate coupled to a silicon photonic resonator and controlled via on-chip electrodes. Light in the telecommunication C-band is stored, manipulated, and retrieved using a dynamic atomic frequency comb protocol controlled by linear DC Stark shifts of the ion ensemble's transition frequencies. We demonstrate memory time control in a digital fashion in increments of 50 ns, frequency shifting by more than a pulse width (\u00b139MHz), and a bandwidth increase by a factor of 3, from 6 to 18 MHz. Using on-chip electrodes, electric fields as high as 3 kV/cm were achieved with a low applied bias of 5 V, making this an appealing platform for rare-earth ions, which experience Stark shifts of the order of 10 kHz/(V/cm).", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.412211", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2021-01-20", "series_number": "1", "volume": "8", "issue": "1", "pages": "114-121" }, { "id": "authors:7h141-8sn16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7h141-8sn16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210113-163505990", "type": "book_section", "title": "2.5D Metastructures; Design, Optimization, and Experimental Demonstration", "book_title": "2020 Fourteenth International Congress on Artificial Materials for Novel Wave Phenomena (Metamaterials)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Mansouree", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Mansouree-Mahdad" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "McClung", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6995-3289", "clpid": "McClung-Andrew-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" } ], "abstract": "We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of multifunctional 2.5D metastructures using adjoint optimization. Our technique considers complex interactions among meta-atoms and offers significantly improved performance compared to conventional unit-cell-based techniques.", "doi": "10.1109/metamaterials49557.2020.9285149", "isbn": "9781728161044", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2020-09-27", "pages": "474-476" }, { "id": "authors:rvk7w-bqw08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rvk7w-bqw08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200827-070421823", "type": "book_section", "title": "Inverse design approaches for volumetric meta-optics", "book_title": "Plasmonics: Design, Materials, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications XVIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-Gregory" }, { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "clpid": "Ballew-C" }, { "family_name": "Zheng", "given_name": "Tianzhe", "clpid": "Zheng-Tianzhe" }, { "family_name": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz", "given_name": "Philip", "orcid": "0000-0002-1203-3083", "clpid": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz-P" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Tsai", "given_name": "Din Ping", "clpid": "Tsai-Din-Ping" }, { "family_name": "Tanaka", "given_name": "Takuo", "clpid": "Tanaka-Takuo" } ], "abstract": "With modern nanofabrication technology, researchers and companies can reliably produce 3-dimensional patterns with feature sizes much smaller than the wavelength of visible light. The ability to do this in a scalable fashion brings nanophotonic research into the realm of commercial technology. For example, metasurfaces achieve high optical performance in fractions of the thickness of traditional bulky optical components and can be designed for unique, custom functionalities. By expanding the design space beyond the metasurface regime and allowing for photonic designs in full three dimensions, we can further increase the degrees of freedom at our disposal. This new design space is complex and inherently involves multiply scattering structures. In order to efficiently search for good solutions, we use an inverse design procedure based on the adjoint variable method. Taking advantage of this large design space, we can computationally optimize multi-functional meta-optical devices that achieve novel functionalities in minimal footprints. We demonstrate wavelength splitting photonic filters with application to color filter arrays on modern-day image sensors. These filters are designed to replace absorbing filters and instead re-route colors to specific sensor locations, thus recovering previously lost transmission. We show that these devices work with a variety of realistic fabrication restrictions and demonstrate their abilities experimentally in the microwave regime where we can realize layered devices via simple techniques like 3D printing. Finally, we comment on potential future applications and avenues where inverse design can help solve inherently difficult engineering challenges in nanophotonics.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2569132", "isbn": "9781510637306", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-08-21", "pages": "Art. No. 114621D" }, { "id": "authors:hspzh-jf819", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hspzh-jf819", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210611-082710176", "type": "book_section", "title": "Single rare-earth ion spins in nanophotonic resonators", "book_title": "2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-Jonathan-M" }, { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0001-7684-7409", "clpid": "Ruskuc-Andrei" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake" }, { "family_name": "Huan", "given_name": "Yan Qi", "clpid": "Huan-Yan-Qi" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Rare-earth ions embedded in crystals are promising optically addressable spin qubits. We demonstrate this potential by measuring the optical and spin transition properties of single \u00b9\u2077\u00b9Yb\u00b3\u207a ions coupled to nanophotonic resonators fabricated in YVO\u2084.", "doi": "10.1364/cleopr.2020.c9c_3", "isbn": "9780646825045", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2020-08", "pages": "Art. No. C9C-3" }, { "id": "authors:phrnm-14508", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "phrnm-14508", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200116-082522715", "type": "article", "title": "On-chip coherent microwave-to-optical transduction mediated by ytterbium in YVO\u2084", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Tian", "clpid": "Xie-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0001-7684-7409", "clpid": "Ruskuc-A" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Lei", "given_name": "Mi", "clpid": "Lei-Mi" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Optical networks that distribute entanglement among various quantum systems will form a powerful framework for quantum science but are yet to interface with leading quantum hardware such as superconducting qubits. Consequently, these systems remain isolated because microwave links at room temperature are noisy and lossy. Building long distance connectivity requires interfaces that map quantum information between microwave and optical fields. While preliminary microwave-to-optical transducers have been realized, developing efficient, low-noise devices that match superconducting qubit frequencies (gigahertz) and bandwidths (10 kilohertz \u2013 1 megahertz) remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a proof-of-concept on-chip transducer using trivalent ytterbium-171 ions in yttrium orthovanadate coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide and a microwave transmission line. The device\u2032s miniaturization, material, and zero-magnetic-field operation are important advances for rare-earth ion magneto-optical devices. Further integration with high quality factor microwave and optical resonators will enable efficient transduction and create opportunities toward multi-platform quantum networks.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-16996-x", "pmcid": "PMC7324619", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2020-06-29", "volume": "11", "pages": "Art. No. 3266" }, { "id": "authors:a3qfs-7cv49", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a3qfs-7cv49", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200923-123116750", "type": "book_section", "title": "Cascaded Multifunctional Metasurfaces for Single-shot Quantitative Phase Gradient Microscopy", "book_title": "2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "MohammadSadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We experimentally demonstrate a single-shot quantitative phase gradient microscope by two cascaded multifunctional metasurfaces. Experiments with various specimens show the capability to capture quantitative phase gradient images with single-cell resolution and low noise levels.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2020.fw4q.2", "isbn": "9781943580767", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2020-05", "pages": "Art. No. FW4Q.2" }, { "id": "authors:ke7p7-sp573", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ke7p7-sp573", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200428-092846029", "type": "article", "title": "Increasing efficiency of high numerical aperture metasurfaces using the grating averaging technique", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Mansouree", "given_name": "Mahdad", "clpid": "Mansouree-Mahdad" }, { "family_name": "Han", "given_name": "Seunghoon", "clpid": "Han-Seunghoon" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "One of the important advantages of optical metasurfaces over conventional diffractive optical elements is their capability to efficiently deflect light by large angles. However, metasurfaces are conventionally designed using approaches that are optimal for small deflection angles and their performance for designing high numerical aperture devices is not well quantified. Here we introduce and apply a technique for the estimation of the efficiency of high numerical aperture metasurfaces. The technique is based on a particular coherent averaging of diffraction coefficients of periodic blazed gratings and can be used to compare the performance of different metasurface designs in implementing high numerical aperture devices. Unlike optimization-based methods that rely on full-wave simulations and are only practicable in designing small metasurfaces, the gradient averaging technique allows for the design of arbitrarily large metasurfaces. Using this technique, we identify an unconventional metasurface design and experimentally demonstrate a metalens with a numerical aperture of 0.78 and a measured focusing efficiency of 77%. The grating averaging is a versatile technique applicable to many types of gradient metasurfaces, thus enabling highly efficient metasurface components and systems.", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-020-64198-8", "pmcid": "PMC7188898", "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2020-04-28", "volume": "10", "pages": "Art. No. 7124" }, { "id": "authors:4dspz-m6m84", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4dspz-m6m84", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200406-102508245", "type": "article", "title": "Multifunctional volumetric meta-optics for color and polarization image sensors", "author": [ { "family_name": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz", "given_name": "Philip", "orcid": "0000-0002-1203-3083", "clpid": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz-P" }, { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "clpid": "Ballew-C" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-G" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Three-dimensional elements, with refractive index distribution structured at sub-wavelength scale, provide an expansive optical design space that can be harnessed for demonstrating multi-functional free-space optical devices. Here we present 3D dielectric elements, designed to be placed on top of the pixels of image sensors, that sort and focus light based on its color and polarization with efficiency significantly surpassing 2D absorptive and diffractive filters. The devices are designed via iterative gradient-based optimization to account for multiple target functions while ensuring compatibility with existing nanofabrication processes, and experimentally validated using a scaled device that operates at microwave frequencies. This approach combines arbitrary functions into a single compact element even where there is no known equivalent in bulk optics, enabling novel integrated photonic applications.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.384228", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2020-04-20", "series_number": "4", "volume": "7", "issue": "4", "pages": "280-283" }, { "id": "authors:m7mc1-cvg95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "m7mc1-cvg95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200115-161119221", "type": "article", "title": "Control and single-shot readout of an ion embedded in a nanophotonic cavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Ruskuc-A" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Huan", "given_name": "Yan Qi", "clpid": "Huan-Yan-Qi" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Distributing entanglement over long distances using optical networks is an intriguing macroscopic quantum phenomenon with applications in quantum systems for advanced computing and secure communication. Building quantum networks requires scalable quantum light\u2013matter interfaces based on atoms, ions or other optically addressable qubits. Solid-state emitters5, such as quantum dots and defects in diamond or silicon carbide , have emerged as promising candidates for such interfaces. So far, it has not been possible to scale up these systems, motivating the development of alternative platforms. A central challenge is identifying emitters that exhibit coherent optical and spin transitions while coupled to photonic cavities that enhance the light\u2013matter interaction and channel emission into optical fibres. Rare-earth ions in crystals are known to have highly coherent 4f\u20134f optical and spin transitions suited to quantum storage and transduction, but only recently have single rare-earth ions been isolated and coupled to nanocavities. The crucial next steps towards using single rare-earth ions for quantum networks are realizing long spin coherence and single-shot readout in photonic resonators. Here we demonstrate spin initialization, coherent optical and spin manipulation, and high-fidelity single-shot optical readout of the hyperfine spin state of single \u00b9\u2077\u00b9Yb\u00b3\u207a ions coupled to a nanophotonic cavity fabricated in an yttrium orthovanadate host crystal. These ions have optical and spin transitions that are first-order insensitive to magnetic field fluctuations, enabling optical linewidths of less than one megahertz and spin coherence times exceeding thirty milliseconds for cavity-coupled ions, even at temperatures greater than one kelvin. The cavity-enhanced optical emission rate facilitates efficient spin initialization and single-shot readout with conditional fidelity greater than 95 per cent. These results showcase a solid-state platform based on single coherent rare-earth ions for the future quantum internet.", "doi": "10.1038/s41586-020-2160-9", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2020-04-09", "series_number": "7802", "volume": "580", "issue": "7802", "pages": "201-204" }, { "id": "authors:ahm4f-rk002", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ahm4f-rk002", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200311-151708682", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantitative phase gradient microscope based on multifunctional metasurfaces (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures IX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "Mohammad Sadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-M-S" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-C-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "Quantitative phase imaging systems enable label-free imaging of transparent bio-samples. Miniaturization of these imaging systems will extend their potentials in biomedical and diagnostic applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel quantitative phase gradient microscope using two multifunctional metasurface layers. Thanks to the multi-functionality and compactness of the dielectric metasurfaces, the device simultaneously captures three differential interference contrast images to retrieve a quantitative phase gradient image in a single shot. Imaging experiments with diverse phase samples verify the capability to capture quantitative phase gradient data, with low noise levels and single cell resolution.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2544384", "isbn": "9781510633438", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-03-10", "pages": "Art. No. 112900S" }, { "id": "authors:aazds-bja13", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "aazds-bja13", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200311-151707535", "type": "book_section", "title": "Scalable fabrication of nano-architected materials using 3D interference lithography with metasurfaces at visible wavelengths (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Pearson", "given_name": "Phillippe", "clpid": "Pearson-Phillippe" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Afshinmanesh", "given_name": "Farzaneh", "clpid": "Afshinmanesh-F" }, { "family_name": "Navrazhnykh", "given_name": "Luizetta", "clpid": "Navrazhnykh-L" }, { "family_name": "Ng", "given_name": "Ryan", "orcid": "0000-0002-0527-9130", "clpid": "Ng-Ryan-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Greer", "given_name": "Julia R.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9675-1508", "clpid": "Greer-J-R" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Adibi", "given_name": "Ali", "clpid": "Adibi-A" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Shawn-Yu", "clpid": "Lin-Shawn-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "Axel", "clpid": "Scherer-A" } ], "abstract": "Nano-architected materials have the potential to be adopted in several areas including photonic devices and structural materials. We present a 3D interference lithography technique with dielectric metasurfaces at visible wavelengths that allows patterning of thick epoxide films over areas on the order of 10 cm^2 with 100 nm resolution. By leveraging the ability of the metasurface to control the amplitude and phase of a wavefront, complex near-field 3D interference patterns can be designed. Pyrolysis of 3D patterned SU-8 produces a carbon-based material with sub-100 nm features and enhanced mechanical properties.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2555112", "isbn": "9781510633414", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2020-03-10", "pages": "Art. No. 112890I" }, { "id": "authors:c5jt5-kye20", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c5jt5-kye20", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190913-094942952", "type": "article", "title": "Single-shot quantitative phase gradient microscopy using a system of multifunctional metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "MohammadSadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) of transparent samples plays an essential role in multiple biomedical applications, and miniaturizing these systems will enable their adoption into point-of-care and in vivo applications. Here, we propose a compact quantitative phase gradient microscope (QGPM) based on two dielectric metasurface layers, inspired by a classical differential interference contrast (DIC) microscope. Owing to the multifunctionality and compactness of the dielectric metasurfaces, the QPGM simultaneously captures three DIC images to generate a quantitative phase gradient image in a single shot. The volume of the metasurface optical system is on the order of 1\u2009mm\u00b3. Imaging experiments with various phase resolution samples verify the capability to capture quantitative phase gradient data, with phase gradient sensitivity better than 92.3\u2009mrad\u2009\u03bcm\u207b\u00b9 and single-cell resolution. The results showcase the potential of metasurfaces for developing miniaturized QPI systems for label-free cellular imaging and point-of-care devices.", "doi": "10.1038/s41566-019-0536-x", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2020-02", "series_number": "2", "volume": "14", "issue": "2", "pages": "109-114" }, { "id": "authors:jxqdh-gnr74", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jxqdh-gnr74", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200130-150837293", "type": "article", "title": "Multifunctional 25D metastructures enabled by adjoint optimization", "author": [ { "family_name": "Mansouree", "given_name": "Mahdad", "clpid": "Mansouree-M" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "McClung", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-6995-3289", "clpid": "McClung-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" } ], "abstract": "Optical metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of meta-atoms that modify different characteristics of light such as phase, amplitude, and polarization. One intriguing feature that distinguishes them from conventional optical components is their multifunctional capability. However, multifunctional metasurfaces with efficiencies approaching those of their single-functional counterparts require more degrees of freedom. Here we show that 2.5D metastructures, which are stacked layers of interacting metasurface layers, provide sufficient degrees of freedom to implement efficient multifunctional devices. The large number of design parameters and their intricate intercoupling make the design of multifunctional 2.5D metastructures a complex task, and unit-cell approaches to metasurface design produce suboptimal devices. We address this issue by designing 2.5D metastructures using the adjoint optimization technique. Instead of designing unit cells individually, our technique considers the structure as a whole, accurately accounting for inter-post and inter-layer coupling. As proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate a double-wavelength metastructure, designed using adjoint optimization, that has significantly higher efficiencies than a similar device designed with a simplified approach conventionally used in metasurface design. The 2.5D metastructure architecture empowered by the optimization-based design technique is a general platform for realizing high-performance multifunctional components and systems.", "doi": "10.1364/optica.374787", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2020-01-20", "series_number": "1", "volume": "7", "issue": "1", "pages": "77-84" }, { "id": "authors:55jj5-5ab56", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "55jj5-5ab56", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190919-113941952", "type": "article", "title": "Vectorial holograms with a dielectric metasurface: ultimate polarization pattern generation", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Controlling the polarization of light has been of interest for various applications in laser materials processing, display systems, and spectroscopy among others. Despite great advancements, the level of control over the polarization of light using naturally birefringent materials and liquid crystals is still limited. In recent years, dielectric metasurfaces have enabled an unprecedented control over the polarization and phase of light. Here, we demonstrate vectorial holograms with almost arbitrary polarization patterns using structurally birefringent dielectric metasurfaces. Using a modified Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm and converting the red\u2013green\u2013blue data in arbitrary color images to Stokes parameters, we show that the demonstrated metasurfaces can store and project color image data in the polarization state of a monochromatic hologram. In addition to holograms with enhanced security and data storage capacity, we believe that the developed concepts and methods will spur new applications in advanced structured illumination techniques, and more generally, whenever a complex polarization pattern is required.", "doi": "10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00678", "issn": "2330-4022", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "ACS Photonics", "publication_date": "2019-11-20", "series_number": "11", "volume": "6", "issue": "11", "pages": "2712-2718" }, { "id": "authors:j27va-pm150", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "j27va-pm150", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191118-101956624", "type": "book_section", "title": "Applications of wavefront control using nano-post based dielectric metasurfaces", "book_title": "Dielectric Metamaterials: Fundamentals, Designs, and Applications", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Brener", "given_name": "Igal", "clpid": "Brener-I" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Sheng", "clpid": "Liu-Sheng" }, { "family_name": "Holloway", "given_name": "Christopher", "clpid": "Holloway-C" } ], "abstract": "Dielectric metasurfaces are sub-wavelength arrangements of dielectric particles located on a surface that can be used to control the properties of optical wavefronts propagating through them. We discuss various applications of dielectric metasurfaces including imaging, spectrometry, optical micro-electro mechanical systems, conformal optics, and dispersion control.", "doi": "10.1016/b978-0-08-102403-4.00011-6", "isbn": "978-0-08-102403-4", "publisher": "Elsevier", "place_of_publication": "New York, NY", "publication_date": "2019-11-15", "pages": "175-194" }, { "id": "authors:hszw5-r9n14", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hszw5-r9n14", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191007-141649074", "type": "article", "title": "Metasurface-generated complex 3-dimensional optical fields for interference lithography", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "orcid": "0000-0002-9257-687X", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Fast, large-scale, and robust 3-dimensional (3D) fabrication techniques for patterning a variety of structures with submicrometer resolution are important in many areas of science and technology such as photonics, electronics, and mechanics with a wide range of applications from tissue engineering to nanoarchitected materials. From several promising 3D manufacturing techniques for realizing different classes of structures suitable for various applications, interference lithography with diffractive masks stands out for its potential to fabricate complex structures at fast speeds. However, the interference lithography masks demonstrated generally suffer from limitations in terms of the patterns that can be generated. To overcome some of these limitations, here we propose the metasurface-mask\u2013assisted 3D nanofabrication which provides great freedom in patterning various periodic structures. To showcase the versatility of this platform, we design metasurface masks that generate exotic periodic lattices like gyroid, rotated cubic, and diamond structures. As a proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrate a diffractive element that can generate the diamond lattice.", "doi": "10.1073/pnas.1908382116", "pmcid": "PMC6815187", "issn": "0027-8424", "publisher": "National Academy of Sciences", "publication": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America", "publication_date": "2019-10-22", "series_number": "43", "volume": "116", "issue": "43", "pages": "21379-21384" }, { "id": "authors:pj0ks-dvz12", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pj0ks-dvz12", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191204-132824069", "type": "book_section", "title": "Folded Dielectric Metasurface Platform for Compact Optical Systems", "book_title": "2019 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "MohammadSadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We present a compact folded metasurface optics platform that offers a low-cost and robust solution for the design and realization of compact optical systems. Specifically, we introduce the design and implementation of a miniature spectrometer and a hyperspectral imager as examples showcasing the platform potentials.", "doi": "10.1109/ipcon.2019.8908461", "isbn": "978-1-7281-0615-1", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2019-10", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:mc4nb-52r94", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mc4nb-52r94", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191002-094950752", "type": "article", "title": "Hybrid silicon on silicon carbide integrated photonics platform", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Chuting", "orcid": "0000-0002-3711-682X", "clpid": "Wang-Chuting" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a hybrid on-chip photonics platform based on crystalline silicon resonators and waveguides patterned on top of silicon carbide. The devices were fabricated with membrane transfer followed by standard electron beam patterning procedures. The platform allows the integration of high quality silicon photonics with color centers in silicon carbide operating in the near infrared for spin-photon interfaces used in quantum information processing applications. We measure waveguide-coupled ring resonators with loaded quality factors up to 23\u2009000 at cryogenic temperatures.", "doi": "10.1063/1.5116201", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2019-09-30", "series_number": "14", "volume": "115", "issue": "14", "pages": "Art. No. 141105" }, { "id": "authors:ybmdn-rdh03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ybmdn-rdh03", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190731-100331032", "type": "article", "title": "Hyperspectral imager with folded metasurface optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "MohammadSadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Hyperspectral imaging is a key characterization technique used in various areas of science and technology. Almost all implementations of hyperspectral imagers rely on bulky optics including spectral filters and moving or tunable elements. Here, we propose and demonstrate a line-scanning folded metasurface hyperspectral imager (HSI) that is fabricated in a single lithographic step on a 1 mm thick glass substrate. The HSI is composed of four metasurfaces, three reflective and one transmissive, that are designed to collectively disperse and focus light of different wavelengths and incident angles on a focal plane parallel to the glass substrate. With a total volume of 8.5 mm^3, the HSI has spectral and angular resolutions of \u223c1.5 nm and 0.075\u00b0, over the 750\u2013850 nm and \u221215\u00b0 to +15\u00b0 degree ranges, respectively. Being compact, light weight, and easy to fabricate and integrate with image sensors and electronics, the metasurface HSI opens up new opportunities for utilizing hyperspectral imaging where strict volume and weight constraints exist. In addition, the demonstrated HSI exemplifies the utilization of metasurfaces as high-performance diffractive optical elements for implementation of advanced optical systems.", "doi": "10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00744", "issn": "2330-4022", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "ACS Photonics", "publication_date": "2019-08-21", "series_number": "8", "volume": "6", "issue": "8", "pages": "2161-2167" }, { "id": "authors:kxrvd-azm57", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kxrvd-azm57", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190904-142554756", "type": "article", "title": "Nanophotonic Quantum Storage at Telecommunication Wavelength", "author": [ { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Lei", "given_name": "Mi", "clpid": "Lei-Mi" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Sinclair", "given_name": "Neil", "clpid": "Sinclair-N" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Quantum memories for light are important components for future long-distance quantum networks. We present on-chip quantum storage of telecommunication-band light at the single-photon level in an ensemble of erbium-167 ions in an yttrium orthosilicate photonic crystal nanobeam resonator. Storage times of up to \n10\n\u03bc\ns\n are demonstrated with an all-optical atomic-frequency-comb protocol in a dilution refrigerator under a magnetic field of 380 mT. We show this quantum-storage platform to have high bandwidth, high fidelity, and multimode capacity, and we outline a path toward an efficient erbium-167 quantum memory for light.", "doi": "10.1103/physrevapplied.12.024062", "issn": "2331-7019", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Applied", "publication_date": "2019-08", "series_number": "2", "volume": "12", "issue": "2", "pages": "Art. No. 024062" }, { "id": "authors:cdp3x-kt515", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cdp3x-kt515", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190712-093817571", "type": "book_section", "title": "Characterization of the Superhyperfine Interaction in ^(171)Yb:YVO_4", "book_title": "CLEO: Science and Innovations 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Huan", "given_name": "Yan Q.", "clpid": "Huan-Yan-Q" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We computationally characterize the superhyperfine energy structure of ^(171)Yb:YVO_4 and compare predicted holeburning spectra and coherence times with experimental data. Our simulation can help optimize coherence times for ensemble-based quantum memories and single-ion qubits.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_at.2019.jtu2a.26", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. JTu2A.26" }, { "id": "authors:n1832-w3v60", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n1832-w3v60", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190711-162100482", "type": "book_section", "title": "Computational holographic camera with a dielectric metasurface diffuser", "book_title": "CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "MohammadSadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We experimentally demonstrate computational complex optical field imaging by a metasurface diffuser and the speckle-correlation scattering matrix method. Thus, we show that the metasurface diffuser can outperform conventional scattering media in context of computational imaging.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2019.fth3m.1", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. FTh3M.1" }, { "id": "authors:mxmbm-56510", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mxmbm-56510", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190711-161424769", "type": "book_section", "title": "Toward Coherent Control of Single Yb^(3+) Ions in a Nanophotonic Cavity", "book_title": "CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Ruskuc-A" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We report on detection and coherent optical driving of single Yb^(3+) ions coupled to a nanophotonic resonator fabricated in the YVO_4 host crystal and outline a path toward control of single ^(171)Yb^(3+) spins.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2019.fm1a.4", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. FM1A.4" }, { "id": "authors:x8spr-xbh67", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x8spr-xbh67", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190712-085511028", "type": "book_section", "title": "Coherent Control of Rare-Earth Ions in On-Chip Devices for Microwave-to-Optical Transduction", "book_title": "CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Ruskuc", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Ruskuc-A" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Lei", "given_name": "Mi", "clpid": "Lei-Mi" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Entangling microwave and optical photons is essential to harness disparate technologies for building larger scale quantum networks. We demonstrate coherent microwave-to-optical transduction using a nanobeam waveguide containing rare-earth ions in a dilution refrigerator.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2019.fm1a.6", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. FM1A.6" }, { "id": "authors:2jr6z-w1a86", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2jr6z-w1a86", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190712-093247697", "type": "book_section", "title": "Toward Microwave-to-Optical Conversion using Erbium Doped Crystals and Integrated Resonators", "book_title": "CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Chuting", "orcid": "0000-0002-3711-682X", "clpid": "Wang-Chuting" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Tian", "clpid": "Xie-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Schwab", "given_name": "Keith", "orcid": "0000-0001-8216-4815", "clpid": "Schwab-K-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We present progress towards a bidirectional coherent microwave-to-optical photon converter using an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to integrated photonic and microwave resonators.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_qels.2019.fm1a.7", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. FM1A.7" }, { "id": "authors:v467j-8a383", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "v467j-8a383", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190711-160457553", "type": "book_section", "title": "Inverse-Designed Spectrum Splitters for Color Imaging", "book_title": "CLEO: Applications and Technology 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz", "given_name": "Philip", "clpid": "Camayd-Mu\u00f1oz-P" }, { "family_name": "Roberts", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Roberts-G" }, { "family_name": "Debbas", "given_name": "Max", "clpid": "Debbas-M" }, { "family_name": "Ballew", "given_name": "Conner", "clpid": "Ballew-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Absorptive filters provide color discrimination in image sensors by eliminating 70% of incident light. Instead, we present a dielectric scatterer that efficiently sorts light based on color. This may improve the sensitivity and functionality of detectors.", "doi": "10.1364/cleo_at.2019.am4k.3", "isbn": "978-1-943580-57-6", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2019-05", "pages": "Art. No. AM4K.3" }, { "id": "authors:c5an0-87j84", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c5an0-87j84", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190822-134054530", "type": "book_section", "title": "Double-wavelength metasurface objective lens for two-photon microscopy (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiaqi", "orcid": "0000-0003-2021-2310", "clpid": "Li-Jiaqi" }, { "family_name": "Hutchins", "given_name": "Romanus J.", "clpid": "Hutchins-R-J" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Van Dorpe", "given_name": "Pol", "clpid": "Van-Dorpe-P" }, { "family_name": "Gradinaru", "given_name": "Viviana", "orcid": "0000-0001-5868-348X", "clpid": "Gradinaru-V" }, { "family_name": "Wagenaar", "given_name": "Daniel A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6222-761X", "clpid": "Wagenaar-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-C-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "Two-photon microscopy is a key imaging technique in biological sciences because of its superior deep tissue imaging capabilities in addition to high transverse and axial resolution. In recent years, development of low-weight miniature two-photon microscopes has been of great interest for in vivo imaging of brain activity. Limited by these mechanical constraints, most of the developed miniature two-photon microscopes utilize graded index objective lenses that usually have inferior optical characteristics compared to conventional refractive objective lenses. Dielectric metasurfaces, a recent category of diffractive optical elements with enhanced capabilities, have proven versatile in various applications ranging from lensing to holography and polarization control. Their ultrathin form factor and potentially extremely low-weight make them very attractive for applications with stringent size and weight constraints. However, despite their success in various types of microscopy and imaging applications, they have not been previously utilized for multi-photon fluorescence microscopy. The main barrier for using metasurface lenses in multi-photon microscopy arises from their large chromatic dispersion that effectively makes them single-wavelength. Here we will present a double-wavelength metasurface lens especially designed to have the same focal length at 820 and 605 nm, corresponding to the excitation and emission wavelengths of a certain fluorophore. After characterizing the poly-silicon metasurface lens at both wavelengths, we used it in a two-photon microscopy setup and demonstrated its capability to capture two-photon images qualitatively similar to images taken with a conventional objective lens. We will also discuss the effects of chromatic dispersion of the metasurface lens on its two-photon imaging performance.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2510596", "isbn": "9781510624986", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-03-08", "pages": "Art. No. 109280K" }, { "id": "authors:a3phw-pja27", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a3phw-pja27", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190822-134055268", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dielectric metasurfaces for spectroscopy and computational imaging (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-C-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "I discuss our recent work on folded optics using metasurfaces and computational imaging.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2515106", "isbn": "9781510624986", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-03-08", "pages": "Art. No. 109280F" }, { "id": "authors:b0a4g-6p848", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "b0a4g-6p848", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190822-134054470", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum nanophotonic devices based on rare-earth ions (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures IX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Adibi", "given_name": "Ali", "clpid": "Adibi-A" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Shawn Yu", "clpid": "Lin-Shawn-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "Axel", "clpid": "Scherer-A" } ], "abstract": "In this talk I give an overview of our recent work on quantum nano-photonic devices based on rare-earth ions. The rare-earth ions exhibit excellent optical and spin coherence properties when embedded in nano-photonic devices. This enables on-chip optical quantum memories, single rare-earth-ion optically addressable quantum bits, and devices for quantum transduction. I will focus on our recent results based on ytterbium 171 in yttrium orthovanadate.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2516016", "isbn": "9781510624962", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-03-08", "pages": "Art. No. 1092715" }, { "id": "authors:4a1tg-nag82", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4a1tg-nag82", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190822-134055210", "type": "book_section", "title": "Metasurface full-Stokes polarization camera (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-C-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "Polarization is an important degree of freedom of light carrying information that is usually missing in other degrees of freedom. Polarimetric imaging is the process of measuring the state of polarization of light over an extended scene. It has several applications ranging from remote sensing to biological and medical imaging because it provides various pieces of information about the light source or the objects with which the light has interacted. So far polarization cameras have been made using polarization filters, and therefore suffer from two major drawbacks. First, there is a theoretical 50% upper limit on the efficiency of devices based on polarization filters. Second, to fully determine the state of polarization, multiple layers should be integrated in order to make polarization filters for circular or elliptical polarization states. Here, we present a polarization camera made using dielectric metasurfaces that operates based on separating and focusing orthogonal polarization states instead of polarization filtering. This allows for overcoming both drawbacks of current polarization camera designs. At the core of the design lies the capability of dielectric metasurfaces to fully control the polarization and phase of light. This enables designing and fabricating superpixels that separate and focus orthogonal polarization states of light on adjacent pixels on an image sensor over a single metasurface layer. Using this technique we have demonstrated full-Stokes polarization cameras with experimental efficiencies surpassing 60%, and superpixel dimensions reaching 4.8 \u00b5m\u00d77.2 \u00b5m. We have also used this camera to form polarization images of custom-designed polarization targets.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2510543", "isbn": "9781510624986", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-03-08", "pages": "Art. No. 109280H" }, { "id": "authors:r1103-4zg03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "r1103-4zg03", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190822-134051851", "type": "book_section", "title": "On-chip optical quantum memory at telecom wavelengths (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication XII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Lei", "given_name": "Mi", "clpid": "Lei-Mi" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Migdall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" }, { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer Ul", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" } ], "abstract": "Optical quantum memories will enable technologies including long distance quantum communication and modular quantum computing. Rare earth ion doped crystals provide an excellent solid state platform for optical quantum memories. Among rare earths, erbium is particularly appealing due to its long-lived telecom-wavelength resonance, allowing integration with silicon photonics and with existing optical communication technology and infrastructure. We present an on-chip all-optical quantum memory at telecom wavelengths using a nanobeam photonic crystal cavity fabricated directly in erbium-167 doped yttrium orthosilicate. Using an atomic frequency comb protocol, we store coherent pulses for memory times as long as 10 \u00b5s, albeit with low efficiency. For shorter memory times, we achieve a memory efficiency of 0.4%, which is limited by the coupling rate between the resonator and the ensemble of ions. By working at dilution refrigerator temperatures, we are able to access a regime where the ions have long optical coherence times and good spectral holeburning properties using only a moderate magnetic field applied with permanent magnets. We characterize the multimode properties and fidelity of the quantum memory in this device, and outline a path toward higher efficiency.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2510217", "isbn": "9781510625082", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-03-04", "pages": "Art. No. 109330Q" }, { "id": "authors:4ykzm-b2w09", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4ykzm-b2w09", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190822-134051689", "type": "book_section", "title": "Metasurface-based compact light engine for AR headsets", "book_title": "Optical Design Challenge 2019", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Kress", "given_name": "Bernard C.", "clpid": "Kress-B-C" } ], "abstract": "Despite the great advances, potentials of augmented reality to fundamentally transform the way people use computers is partially hindered by the size and weight of the AR headsets. In waveguide-based devices, the light engine constitutes a significant portion of the total volume and weight. Dielectric metasurfaces have in recent years been used to demonstrate various high performance optical elements like blazed gratings and wide field of view lenses with small thicknesses, high efficiencies, and little stray light. Here, we report our work on the design of a compact light engine based on multi-metasurface optics with wide fields of view, integrated with three monochrome \u03bc-LED displays for red, green, and blue. The metasurfaces image the \u03bc-LEDs on the prism or grating couplers. This design avoids an important shortcoming of \u03bc-LEDs and metasurface lenses, i.e., each work well for a single wavelength. As an example, we present a design for 532 nm, with over 3000 resolved angular points in an 8-mm-diameter field of view, and a total volume less than 0.65 cc (<2 cc for the three wavelengths). Limited by the total internal reflection region inside a waveguide with a 1.78 refractive index, the light engine can produce an image with over 1500x1500 points over a field of view slightly larger than 85\u00b0x85\u00b0 in air. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal and demonstration of such a system and therefore opens the path towards exploring the potentials of the metasurface diffractive optics technology for compact AR headsets with enhanced optical capabilities.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2523720", "isbn": "9781510627468", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2019-02-27", "pages": "Art. No. 1104002" }, { "id": "authors:9bkgq-srz38", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9bkgq-srz38", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181114-150804858", "type": "article", "title": "Wavelength-selective thermal extraction for higher efficiency and power density thermophotovoltaics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Jurado", "given_name": "Zoila", "orcid": "0000-0003-4160-5068", "clpid": "Jurado-Z" }, { "family_name": "Kou", "given_name": "Junlong", "clpid": "Kou-Junlong" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Minnich", "given_name": "Austin J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9671-9540", "clpid": "Minnich-A-J" } ], "abstract": "Thermophotovoltaics have long been of interest as an energy conversion technology but suffer from low power density and low efficiency. Structured emitters designed to alter the emission spectrum and increase the efficiency are not stable at the necessary high emitter temperatures and also reduce the power density. Here, we propose a wavelength-selective thermal extraction device that mitigates these challenges and demonstrate a transfer-printing process needed to fabricate the device. The device consists of a ZnS solid hemisphere with a patterned thin film optical filter that passively increases the far-field radiated flux from an emitter within a wavelength band near the bandgap of a photovoltaic cell. Crucially, the device does not need to be in physical contact with the emitter and thus can be maintained at a lower temperature, circumventing the thermal stability challenge. Our work helps one to address long-standing issues with applications of thermophotovoltaics.", "doi": "10.1063/1.5049733", "issn": "0021-8979", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Journal of Applied Physics", "publication_date": "2018-11-14", "series_number": "18", "volume": "124", "issue": "18", "pages": "Art. No. 183105" }, { "id": "authors:8nt7h-3za07", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8nt7h-3za07", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181031-132501305", "type": "article", "title": "Optically Addressing Single Rare-Earth Ions in a Nanophotonic Cavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Verma", "given_name": "Varun", "clpid": "Verma-V" }, { "family_name": "Nam", "given_name": "Sae Woo", "clpid": "Nam-Sae-Woo" }, { "family_name": "Marsili", "given_name": "Francesco", "clpid": "Marsili-F" }, { "family_name": "Shawkey", "given_name": "Matthew D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5131-8209", "clpid": "Shawkey-M-D" }, { "family_name": "Beyer", "given_name": "Andrew D.", "clpid": "Beyer-A-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate optical probing of spectrally resolved single Nd^(3+) rare-earth ions in yttrium orthovanadate. The ions are coupled to a photonic crystal resonator and show strong enhancement of the optical emission rate via the Purcell effect, resulting in near radiatively limited single photon emission. The measured high coupling cooperativity between a single photon and the ion allows for the observation of coherent optical Rabi oscillations. This could enable optically controlled spin qubits, quantum logic gates, and spin-photon interfaces for future quantum networks.", "doi": "10.1103/physrevlett.121.183603", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2018-11-02", "series_number": "18", "volume": "121", "issue": "18", "pages": "Art. No. 183603" }, { "id": "authors:p9ags-fsk48", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p9ags-fsk48", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181114-153202125", "type": "article", "title": "Wide-angular-range and high-resolution beam steering by a metasurface-coupled phased array", "author": [ { "family_name": "Xu", "given_name": "Jian", "clpid": "Xu-Jian" }, { "family_name": "Cua", "given_name": "Michelle", "clpid": "Cua-Michelle" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Edward Haojiang", "clpid": "Zhou-Edward-Haojiang" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Changhuei", "clpid": "Yang-Changhuei" } ], "abstract": "Optical beam steering has broad applications in lidar, optical communications, optical interconnects, and spatially resolved optical sensors. For high-speed applications, phased-array-based beam-steering methods are favored over mechanical methods, as they are unconstrained by inertia and can inherently operate at a higher speed. However, phased-array systems exhibit a tradeoff between angular range and beam divergence, making it difficult to achieve both a large steering angle and a narrow beam divergence. Here, we present a beam-steering method based on wavefront shaping through a disorder-engineered metasurface that circumvents this range-resolution tradeoff. We experimentally demonstrate that, through this technique, one can continuously steer an optical beam within a range of 160\u00b0 (80\u00b0 from normal incidence) with an angular resolution of about 0.01\u00b0 at the cost of beam throughput.", "doi": "10.1364/ol.43.005255", "pmcid": "PMC10578143", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2018-11-01", "series_number": "21", "volume": "43", "issue": "21", "pages": "5255-5258" }, { "id": "authors:dcmj3-z4d60", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dcmj3-z4d60", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181010-105938075", "type": "article", "title": "Compact folded metasurface spectrometer", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "MohammadSadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-MohammadSadegh" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "An optical design space that can highly benefit from the recent developments in metasurfaces is the folded optics architecture where light is confined between reflective surfaces, and the wavefront is controlled at the reflective interfaces. In this manuscript, we introduce the concept of folded metasurface optics by demonstrating a compact spectrometer made from a 1-mm-thick glass slab with a volume of 7 cubic millimeters. The spectrometer has a resolution of ~1.2\u2009nm, resolving more than 80 spectral points from 760 to 860\u2009nm. The device is composed of three reflective dielectric metasurfaces, all fabricated in a single lithographic step on one side of a substrate, which simultaneously acts as the propagation space for light. The folded metasystem design can be applied to many optical systems, such as optical signal processors, interferometers, hyperspectral imagers, and computational optical systems, significantly reducing their sizes and increasing their mechanical robustness and potential for integration.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-018-06495-5", "pmcid": "PMC6180047", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2018-10-10", "volume": "9", "pages": "Art. No. 4196" }, { "id": "authors:xk4bv-qjj91", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xk4bv-qjj91", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190823-095040796", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum nano-photonic devices based on rare-earth ions (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "Quantum Photonic Devices 2018", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Soci", "given_name": "Cesare", "clpid": "Soci-C" }, { "family_name": "Agio", "given_name": "Mario", "clpid": "Agio-M" }, { "family_name": "Srinivasan", "given_name": "Kartik", "clpid": "Srinivasan-Kartik" } ], "abstract": "I present quantum nano-photonic devices based on nanophotonic resonators coupled to rare-earth-ions in crystals. The rare-earth ions exhibit long coherence times on optical transitions, which makes them suitable for optical quantum memories. We demonstrate a high-fidelity nanophotonic quantum memory based on a mesoscopic rare-earth ensemble coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. The nanocavity enables >95% spin polarization for efficient initialization of the atomic frequency comb memory, and time-bin-selective readout via enhanced optical Stark shift of the comb frequencies. Besides ensemble memories, single rare-earth-ions coupled to nano-resonators can be used as single optically addressable quantum bits where the quantum state is mapped on their Zeeman or hyperfine levels with long coherence time. Our solid-state nano-photonic quantum light-matter interfaces can be integrated with other chip-scale photon source and detector devices for multiplexed quantum and classical information processing at the nodes of quantum networks.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2323847", "isbn": "9781510620377", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2018-09-18", "pages": "Art. No. 1073308" }, { "id": "authors:ct55z-10827", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ct55z-10827", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190823-095040716", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dielectric metasurfaces and metasystems (Conference Presentation)", "book_title": "Metamaterials, Metadevices, and Metasystems 2018", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Engheta", "given_name": "Nader", "clpid": "Engheta-N" }, { "family_name": "Noginov", "given_name": "Mikhail A.", "clpid": "Noginov-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Zheludev", "given_name": "Nikolay I.", "clpid": "Zheludev-N-I" } ], "abstract": "Flat optical devices based on metasurfaces composed of sub-wavelength high index dielectric structures, promise to revolutionize the field of free-space optics. I discuss our work on optical systems composed of several metasurfaces like camera lenses, tunable lens systems actuated via micro-electro-mechanics, and on-chip spectrometers.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2324269", "isbn": "9781510620094", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2018-09-17", "pages": "Art. No. 107190Z" }, { "id": "authors:bhh5g-xxv45", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "bhh5g-xxv45", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180906-132123404", "type": "article", "title": "Computational complex optical field imaging using a designed metasurface diffuser", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kwon", "given_name": "Hyounghan", "clpid": "Kwon-Hyounghan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "MohammadSadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Various speckle-based computational imaging techniques that exploit the ability of scattering media to transfer hidden information into the speckle pattern have recently been demonstrated. Current implementations suffer from several drawbacks associated with the use of conventional scattering media (CSM), such as their time-consuming characterization, instability with time, and limited memory-effect range. Here we show that by using a random dielectric metasurface diffuser (MD) with known scattering properties, many of these issues can be addressed. We experimentally demonstrate an imaging system with the ability to retrieve complex field values using a MD and the speckle-correlation scattering matrix method. We explore the mathematical properties of the MD transmission matrix such as its correlation and singular value spectrum to expand the understanding about both MDs and the speckle-correlation scattering matrix approach. In addition to a large noise tolerance, reliable reproducibility, and robustness against misalignments, using the MD allows us to substitute the laborious experimental characterization procedure of the CSM with a simple simulation process. Moreover, dielectric MDs with identical scattering properties can easily be mass-produced, thus enabling real-world applications. Representing a bridge between metasurface optics and speckle-based computational imaging, this work paves the way to extending the potentials of diverse speckle-based computational imaging methods for various applications such as biomedical imaging, holography, and optical encryption.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.5.000924", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2018-08-20", "series_number": "8", "volume": "5", "issue": "8", "pages": "924-931" }, { "id": "authors:h9e0f-n5w91", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "h9e0f-n5w91", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180716-084123264", "type": "article", "title": "Full Stokes imaging polarimetry using dielectric metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Polarization is a degree of freedom of light carrying important information that is usually absent in intensity and spectral content. Imaging polarimetry is the process of determining the polarization state of light, either partially or fully, over an extended scene. It has found several applications in various fields, from remote sensing to biology. Among different devices for imaging polarimetry, division of focal plane polarization cameras (DoFP-PCs) are more compact, less complicated, and less expensive. In general, DoFP-PCs are based on an array of polarization filters in the focal plane. Here we demonstrate a new principle and design for DoFP-PCs based on dielectric metasurfaces with the ability to control polarization and phase. Instead of polarization filtering, the method is based on splitting and focusing light in three different polarization bases. Therefore, it enables full Stokes characterization of the state of polarization and overcomes the 50% theoretical efficiency limit of the polarization-filter-based DoFP-PCs.", "doi": "10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00362", "issn": "2330-4022", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "ACS Photonics", "publication_date": "2018-08-15", "series_number": "8", "volume": "5", "issue": "8", "pages": "3132-3140" }, { "id": "authors:3ngwx-46089", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3ngwx-46089", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180717-145659939", "type": "article", "title": "Two-photon microscopy with a double-wavelength metasurface objective lens", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jiaqi", "orcid": "0000-0003-2021-2310", "clpid": "Li-Jiaqi" }, { "family_name": "Hutchins", "given_name": "Romanus J.", "clpid": "Hutchins-R-J" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Van Dorpe", "given_name": "Pol", "clpid": "Van-Dorpe-P" }, { "family_name": "Gradinaru", "given_name": "Viviana", "orcid": "0000-0001-5868-348X", "clpid": "Gradinaru-V" }, { "family_name": "Wagenaar", "given_name": "Daniel A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6222-761X", "clpid": "Wagenaar-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Two-photon microscopy is a key imaging technique in life sciences due to its superior deep-tissue imaging capabilities. Light-weight and compact two-photon microscopes are of great interest because of their applications for in vivo deep brain imaging. Recently, dielectric metasurfaces have enabled a new category of small and lightweight optical elements, including objective lenses. Here we experimentally demonstrate two-photon microscopy using a double-wavelength metasurface lens. It is specifically designed to focus 820 and 605 nm light, corresponding to the excitation and emission wavelengths of the measured fluorophors, to the same focal distance. The captured two-photon images are qualitatively comparable to the ones taken by a conventional objective lens. Our metasurface lens can enable ultracompact two-photon microscopes with similar performance compared to current systems that are usually based on graded-index-lenses. In addition, further development of tunable metasurface lenses will enable fast axial scanning for volumetric imaging.", "doi": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01737", "issn": "1530-6984", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "Nano Letters", "publication_date": "2018-08-08", "series_number": "8", "volume": "18", "issue": "8", "pages": "4943-4948" }, { "id": "authors:zvr76-xqg81", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zvr76-xqg81", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180705-152507349", "type": "article", "title": "Characterization of ^(171)Yb^(3+):YVO_4 for photonic quantum technologies", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Woodburn", "given_name": "Philip J. T.", "clpid": "Woodburn-P-J-T" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Cone", "given_name": "Rufus L.", "clpid": "Cone-R-L" }, { "family_name": "Thiel", "given_name": "Charles W.", "clpid": "Thiel-C-W" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Rare-earth ions in crystals are a proven solid-state platform for quantum technologies in the ensemble regime and attractive for new opportunities at the single-ion level. Among the trivalent rare earths, ^(171)Yb^(3+) is unique in that it possesses a single 4f excited-state manifold and is the only paramagnetic isotope with a nuclear spin of 1/2. In this work, we present measurements of the optical and spin properties of ^(171)Yb^(3+):YVO_4 to assess whether this distinct energy-level structure can be harnessed for quantum interfaces. The material was found to possess large optical absorption compared to other rare-earth-doped crystals owing to the combination of narrow inhomogeneous broadening and a large transition oscillator strength. In moderate magnetic fields, we measure optical linewidths less than 3 kHz and nuclear spin linewidths less than 50 Hz. We characterize the excited-state hyperfine and Zeeman interactions in this system, which enables the engineering of a \u039b system and demonstration of all-optical coherent control over the nuclear-spin ensemble. Given these properties, ^(171)Yb^(3+):YVO_4 has significant potential for building quantum interfaces such as ensemble-based memories, microwave-to-optical transducers, and optically addressable single rare-earth-ion spin qubits.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.98.024404", "issn": "2469-9950", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review B", "publication_date": "2018-07-01", "series_number": "2", "volume": "98", "issue": "2", "pages": "Art. No. 024404" }, { "id": "authors:rk44w-39384", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rk44w-39384", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180702-080339260", "type": "article", "title": "A review of dielectric optical metasurfaces for wavefront control", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "During the past few years, metasurfaces have been used to demonstrate optical elements and systems with capabilities that surpass those of conventional diffractive optics. Here, we review some of these recent developments, with a focus on dielectric structures for shaping optical wavefronts. We discuss the mechanisms for achieving steep phase gradients with high efficiency, simultaneous polarization and phase control, controlling the chromatic dispersion, and controlling the angular response. Then, we review applications in imaging, conformal optics, tunable devices, and optical systems. We conclude with an outlook on future potentials and challenges that need to be overcome.", "doi": "10.1515/nanoph-2017-0129", "issn": "2192-8606", "publisher": "De Gruyter", "publication": "Nanophotonics", "publication_date": "2018-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "7", "issue": "6", "pages": "1041-1068" }, { "id": "authors:h7nde-sn853", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "h7nde-sn853", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180627-161133893", "type": "article", "title": "Controlling rare-earth ions in a nanophotonic resonator using the ac Stark shift", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Lopez-Rios", "given_name": "Raymond", "clpid": "Lopez-Rios-R" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "On-chip nanophotonic cavities will advance quantum information science and measurement because they enable efficient interaction between photons and long-lived solid-state spins, such as those associated with rare-earth ions in crystals. The enhanced photon-ion interaction creates new opportunities for all-optical control using the ac Stark shift. Toward this end, we characterize the ac Stark interaction between off-resonant optical fields and Nd^(3+)-ion dopants in a photonic crystal resonator fabricated from yttrium orthovanadate (YVO_4). Using photon echo techniques, at a detuning of 160 MHz we measure a maximum ac Stark shift of \n2\u03c0 \u00d7 12.3 MHz per intracavity photon, which is large compared to both the homogeneous linewidth (\u0393_h = 84 kHz) and characteristic width of isolated spectral features created through optical pumping (\u0393_f \u2248 3 MHz). The photon-ion interaction strength in the device is sufficiently large to control the frequency and phase of the ions for quantum information processing applications. In particular, we discuss and assess the use of the cavity enhanced ac Stark shift to realize all-optical quantum memory and detection protocols. Our results establish the ac Stark shift as a powerful added control in rare-earth ion quantum technologies.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.97.063854", "issn": "2469-9926", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2018-06", "series_number": "6", "volume": "97", "issue": "6", "pages": "Art. no. 063854" }, { "id": "authors:mv6d4-b8z19", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mv6d4-b8z19", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171113-101228394", "type": "article", "title": "High-speed, phase-dominant spatial light modulation with silicon-based active resonant antennas", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Spatiotemporal control of optical wavefronts is of great importance in numerous free-space optical applications including imaging in 3D and through scattering media, remote sensing, and generation of various beam profiles for microscopy. Progress in these applications is currently limited due to lack of compact and high-speed spatial light modulators. Here we report an active antenna comprising a free-space coupled asymmetric Fabry\u2013Perot resonator that produces a phase-dominant thermo-optic modulation of reflected light at frequencies approaching tens of kilohertz. As a proof of concept for spatial light modulation, we demonstrate a 6 \u00d7 6 array of such active antennas with beam deflection capability. The robust design of our silicon-based active antenna will enable large-scale integration of high-speed, phase-dominant spatial light modulators.", "doi": "10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01073", "issn": "2330-4022", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "ACS Photonics", "publication_date": "2018-05-16", "series_number": "5", "volume": "5", "issue": "5", "pages": "1711-1717" }, { "id": "authors:fppzs-qrs24", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "fppzs-qrs24", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-151018817", "type": "book_section", "title": "Flat optics with dielectric metasurfaces", "book_title": "Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Mansouree", "given_name": "Mahdad", "clpid": "Mansouree-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Adibi", "given_name": "Ali", "clpid": "Adibi-A" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Shawn-Yu", "clpid": "Lin-Shawn-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "Axel", "clpid": "Scherer-A" } ], "abstract": "Miniaturized optical systems with planar form factors and low power consumption have many applications in wearable and mobile electronics, health monitoring devices, and as integral parts of medical and industrial equipment. Flat optical devices based on dielectric metasurfaces introduce a new approach for realization of such systems at low cost using conventional nanofabrication techniques. In this talk, I will present a summary of our recent work on dielectric metasurfaces that enable precise control of both polarization and phase with large transmission and high spatial resolution. Optical metasurface components such as high numerical aperture lenses, efficient wave plates, components with novel functionalities, and their potential applications will be discussed. I will also present the results of our efforts on optimizing and increasing the diffraction efficiency of metasurfaces. Furthermore, by using metasurface cameras and planar retroreflectors as examples, I will discuss a vertical on-chip integration platform that introduces a new architecture for the on-chip integration of conventional and novel optical systems and enables their low-cost manufacturing.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2297706", "isbn": "9781510615670", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2018-03-14", "pages": "Aert. No. 1054109" }, { "id": "authors:r0j9y-y9g79", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "r0j9y-y9g79", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-150301804", "type": "book_section", "title": "Integrating quantum photonics and microwaves in a rare-earth ion on-chip architecture", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication XI", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jon M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Lopez-Rios", "given_name": "Raymond", "clpid": "Lopez-Rios-R" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Chuting", "orcid": "0000-0002-3711-682X", "clpid": "Wang-Chuting" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer Ul", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Craig", "given_name": "Alan E.", "clpid": "Craig-A-E" }, { "family_name": "Migdall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" } ], "abstract": "Quantum interconnects allow disparate quantum systems to be entangled, leading to more powerful integrated quantum technology and increases in scalability. The foundation for such technology, including photonic quantum memories and coherent microwave-to-optical (M2O) transducers, have already been developed in rare-earth ion (REI) crystals. Here we demonstrate improved REI quantum device functionality in an on-chip platform that dramatically strengthens the ions' interactions with optical fields and integrates with planar microwave technology. Using a photonic crystal nanobeam fabricated in a Nd-doped yttrium vanadate (YVO) crystal, we harness the enhanced ion-photon interactions that create single photon Rabi frequencies as large as 60 MHz. In particular, the large AC Stark shift is used to control an ensemble of approximately 4000 ions for photonic quantum memory applications. We demonstrate AC Stark shift control of the storage time in the atomic frequency comb protocol as well as the possibility of memories based on an all-optical variation of the hybrid photon echo rephasing protocol. The spin state of the REIs can also be addressed directly through the integration of microwave striplines and coplanar waveguide cavities. The achievement of optically detected magnetic resonance in on-chip waveguides and nanophotonic cavities in Nd:YVO will be presented along with the initial progress of achieving coherent M2O conversion using Raman heterodyne spectroscopy. With photonic quantum memories and sources, single ion qubits, and quantum M2O all feasible in the one integrated platform, REI technology is a promising platform for enabling large scale integration of diverse quantum resources.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2290901", "isbn": "9781510615793", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2018-03-14", "pages": "Art. No. 105470M" }, { "id": "authors:1pj2r-c8586", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1pj2r-c8586", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180223-112217014", "type": "article", "title": "MEMS-tunable dielectric metasurface lens", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "Mohammad Sadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-Mohammad-Sadegh" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Varifocal lenses, conventionally implemented by changing the axial distance between multiple optical elements, have a wide range of applications in imaging and optical beam scanning. The use of conventional bulky refractive elements makes these varifocal lenses large, slow, and limits their tunability. Metasurfaces, a new category of lithographically defined diffractive devices, enable thin and lightweight optical elements with precisely engineered phase profiles. Here we demonstrate tunable metasurface doublets, based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), with more than 60 diopters (about 4%) change in the optical power upon a 1-\u03bcm movement of one metasurface, and a scanning frequency that can potentially reach a few kHz. They can also be integrated with a third metasurface to make compact microscopes (~1\u2009mm thick) with a large corrected field of view (~500\u2009\u03bcm or 40 degrees) and fast axial scanning for 3D imaging. This paves the way towards MEMS-integrated metasurfaces as a platform for tunable and reconfigurable optics.", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-018-03155-6", "pmcid": "PMC5824825", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2018-02-23", "volume": "9", "pages": "Art. No. 812" }, { "id": "authors:jymg9-76986", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jymg9-76986", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170815-101915506", "type": "article", "title": "Wavefront shaping with disorder-engineered metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Jang", "given_name": "Mooseok", "orcid": "0000-0003-1977-9539", "clpid": "Jang-Mooseok" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Shibukawa", "given_name": "Atsushi", "clpid": "Shibukawa-Atsushi" }, { "family_name": "Brake", "given_name": "Joshua", "orcid": "0000-0002-5113-6886", "clpid": "Brake-Joshua-H" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Yan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5837-4908", "clpid": "Liu-Yan" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Ruan", "given_name": "Haowen", "orcid": "0000-0002-4917-4509", "clpid": "Ruan-Haowen" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Changhuei", "orcid": "0000-0001-8791-0354", "clpid": "Yang-Changhuei" } ], "abstract": "Recently, wavefront shaping with disordered media has demonstrated optical manipulation capabilities beyond those of conventional optics, including extended volume, aberration-free focusing and subwavelength focusing. However, translating these capabilities to useful applications has remained challenging as the input\u2013output characteristics of the disordered media (P variables) need to be exhaustively determined via O(P) measurements. Here, we propose a paradigm shift where the disorder is specifically designed so its exact input\u2013output characteristics are known a priori and can be used with only a few alignment steps. We implement this concept with a disorder-engineered metasurface, which exhibits additional unique features for wavefront shaping such as a large optical memory effect range in combination with a wide angular scattering range, excellent stability, and a tailorable angular scattering profile. Using this designed metasurface with wavefront shaping, we demonstrate high numerical aperture (NA\u2009>\u20090.5) focusing and fluorescence imaging with an estimated ~2.2\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2078 addressable points in an ~8\u2009mm field of view.", "doi": "10.1038/s41566-017-0078-z", "pmcid": "PMC5842956", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2018-02", "series_number": "2", "volume": "12", "issue": "2", "pages": "84-90" }, { "id": "authors:jpwf7-jh062", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jpwf7-jh062", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171130-112153257", "type": "article", "title": "Angle-Multiplexed Metasurfaces: Encoding Independent Wavefronts in a Single Metasurface under Different Illumination Angles", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "Mohammad Sadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-M-S" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "The angular response of thin diffractive optical elements is highly correlated. For example, the angles of incidence and diffraction of a grating are locked through the grating momentum determined by the grating period. Other diffractive devices, including conventional metasurfaces, have a similar angular behavior due to the fixed locations of the Fresnel zone boundaries and the weak angular sensitivity of the meta-atoms. To alter this fundamental property, we introduce angle-multiplexed metasurfaces, composed of reflective high-contrast dielectric U-shaped meta-atoms, whose response under illumination from different angles can be controlled independently. This enables flat optical devices that impose different and independent optical transformations when illuminated from different directions, a capability not previously available in diffractive optics.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevX.7.041056", "issn": "2160-3308", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review X", "publication_date": "2017-10", "series_number": "4", "volume": "7", "issue": "4", "pages": "Art. No. 041056" }, { "id": "authors:k3w5y-e3c19", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "k3w5y-e3c19", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-112811260", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dielectric metasurfaces with independent angular control", "book_title": "2017 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraji-Dana", "given_name": "Mohammad Sadegh", "clpid": "Faraji-Dana-M-S" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We introduce dielectric metasurfaces with independent response at different angles of incidence given the same input polarization. We demonstrate a reflective metasurface grating with different effective grating pitches under two different incident angles, and a hologram that projects different images for different incidence angles.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2017.8116202", "isbn": "978-1-5090-6579-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-10", "pages": "509-510" }, { "id": "authors:7bs5z-nge68", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7bs5z-nge68", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-102320967", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum light-matter interfaces based on rare-earth ions and nano-photonics", "book_title": "2017 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "Jonathan G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" } ], "abstract": "I present our progress towards developing on-chip quantum light-matter interfaces like quantum memories and quantum transductors based on nanophotonic resonators coupled to rare-earth ions (Neodymium, Erbium, Ytterbium) in crystals.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2017.8116037", "isbn": "978-1-5090-6579-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-10", "pages": "133" }, { "id": "authors:33mya-qj677", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "33mya-qj677", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180119-121040163", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dispersion-controlled diffractive devices with dielectric metasurfaces", "book_title": "2017 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Diffractive optical devices follow a negative chromatic dispersion dictated by device function. Here we show that metasurfaces with independent control of phase and group delays enable diffractive devices that break this relation. We demonstrate gratings and focusing mirrors with enhanced negative, zero, and positive dispersion.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2017.8116203", "isbn": "978-1-5090-6579-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-10", "pages": "511-512" }, { "id": "authors:9e5dz-6e685", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9e5dz-6e685", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170815-100238435", "type": "article", "title": "Nanophotonic rare-earth quantum memory with optically controlled retrieval", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Bettinelli", "given_name": "Marco", "clpid": "Bettinelli-M" }, { "family_name": "Cavalli", "given_name": "Enrico", "clpid": "Cavalli-E" }, { "family_name": "Verma", "given_name": "Varun", "clpid": "Verma-V" }, { "family_name": "Nam", "given_name": "Sae Woo", "clpid": "Nam-Sae-Woo" }, { "family_name": "Marsili", "given_name": "Francesco", "clpid": "Marsili-F" }, { "family_name": "Shaw", "given_name": "Matthew D.", "clpid": "Shaw-M-D" }, { "family_name": "Beyer", "given_name": "Andrew D.", "clpid": "Beyer-A-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Optical quantum memories are essential elements in quantum networks for long distance distribution of quantum entanglement. Scalable development of quantum network nodes requires on-chip qubit storage functionality with control of its readout time. We demonstrate a high-fidelity nanophotonic quantum memory based on a mesoscopic neodymium ensemble coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. The nanocavity enables >95% spin polarization for efficient initialization of the atomic frequency comb memory, and time-bin-selective readout via enhanced optical Stark shift of the comb frequencies. Our solid-state memory is integrable with other chip-scale photon source and detector devices for multiplexed quantum and classical information processing at the network nodes.", "doi": "10.1126/science.aan5959", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2017-09-29", "series_number": "6358", "volume": "357", "issue": "6358", "pages": "1392-1395" }, { "id": "authors:3cfdg-b5862", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3cfdg-b5862", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20171006-134809447", "type": "book_section", "title": "Flat and conformal optics with dielectric metasurfaces", "book_title": "2017 International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" } ], "abstract": "I discuss our dielectric metasurface platform based on high index nano-posts on a low index substrate, and its applications in imaging, dispersion control, retroreflection and conformal optics.", "doi": "10.1109/OMN.2017.8051459", "isbn": "978-1-5386-0735-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-08", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:pnpy4-ewa66", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pnpy4-ewa66", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170810-075926507", "type": "article", "title": "Orbital angular momentum beams generated by passive dielectric phase masks and their performance in a communication link", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Zhe", "clpid": "Wang-Zhe" }, { "family_name": "Yan", "given_name": "Yan", "clpid": "Yan-Yan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Guodong", "clpid": "Xie-Guodong" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Cong", "clpid": "Liu-Cong" }, { "family_name": "Zhao", "given_name": "Zhe", "clpid": "Zhao-Zhe" }, { "family_name": "Ren", "given_name": "Yongxiong", "clpid": "Ren-Yongxiong" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Long", "clpid": "Li-Long" }, { "family_name": "Ahmed", "given_name": "Nisar", "clpid": "Ahmed-N" }, { "family_name": "Willner", "given_name": "Asher J.", "clpid": "Willner-A-J" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Bock", "given_name": "Robert", "clpid": "Bock-R" }, { "family_name": "Ashrafi", "given_name": "Solyman", "clpid": "Ashrafi-S" }, { "family_name": "Tur", "given_name": "Moshe", "clpid": "Tur-M" }, { "family_name": "Willner", "given_name": "Alan E.", "clpid": "Willner-A-E" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate the generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams using high-efficient polarization-insensitive phase masks. The OAM beams generated by the phase masks are characterized in terms of their tolerance to misalignment (lateral displacement or tilt) between the incident beam and phase mask. For certain scenarios, our results show that (a) when the tilt angle is within the range of \u221220 to +20\u2009\u2009deg, the crosstalk among modes is less than \u221215\u2009\u2009dB; and (b) lateral displacement of 0.3 mm could cause a large amount of power leaked to adjacent modes. Finally, OAM beams generated by the phase masks are demonstrated over a two-channel OAM-multiplexing link, each channel carrying a 40 Gbit/s data stream. An optical signal-to-noise-ratio (OSNR) penalty of \u223c1\u2009dB is measured without crosstalk at the bit error rate (BER) of 3.8 \u00d7 10^(\u22123). With crosstalk, an OSNR penalty of <1.5\u2009\u2009dB<1.5\u2009\u2009dB is observed at the same BER.", "doi": "10.1364/OL.42.002746", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2017-07-15", "series_number": "14", "volume": "42", "issue": "14", "pages": "2746-2749" }, { "id": "authors:xx8hv-zax08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xx8hv-zax08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170706-105425483", "type": "article", "title": "Fabrication of Single Crystal Gallium Phosphide Thin Films on Glass", "author": [ { "family_name": "Emmer", "given_name": "Hal", "clpid": "Emmer-Hal-S" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Christopher T.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5848-961X", "clpid": "Chen-Christopher-T" }, { "family_name": "Saive", "given_name": "Rebecca", "orcid": "0000-0001-7420-9155", "clpid": "Saive-Rebecca" }, { "family_name": "Friedrich", "given_name": "Dennis", "orcid": "0000-0003-4844-368X", "clpid": "Friedrich-Dennis" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Atwater", "given_name": "Harry A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9435-0201", "clpid": "Atwater-H-A" } ], "abstract": "Due to its high refractive index and low absorption coefficient, gallium phosphide is an ideal material for photonic structures targeted at the visible wavelengths. However, these properties are only realized with high quality epitaxial growth, which limits substrate choice and thus possible photonic applications. In this work, we report the fabrication of single crystal gallium phosphide thin films on transparent glass substrates via transfer bonding. GaP thin films on Si (001) and (112) grown by MOCVD are bonded to glass, and then the growth substrate is removed with a XeF_2 vapor etch. The resulting GaP films have surface roughnesses below 1\u2009nm RMS and exhibit room temperature band edge photoluminescence. Magnesium doping yielded p-type films with a carrier density of 1.6\u2009\u00d7\u200910^(17)\u2009cm^(\u22123) that exhibited mobilities as high as 16 cm^2V^(\u22121)s^(\u22121). Due to their unique optical properties, these films hold much promise for use in advanced optical devices.", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-017-05012-w", "pmcid": "PMC5498489", "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2017-07-05", "volume": "7", "pages": "Art. No. 4643" }, { "id": "authors:xmr2s-msr59", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xmr2s-msr59", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170508-102712160", "type": "article", "title": "Planar Metasurface Retroreflector", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrangements of subwavelength scatterers that control the propagation of optical waves. Here, we show that cascaded metasurfaces, each performing a predefined mathematical transformation, provide a new optical design framework that enables new functionalities not yet demonstrated with single metasurfaces. Specifically, we demonstrate that retroreflection can be achieved with two vertically stacked planar metasurfaces, the first performing a spatial Fourier transform and its inverse, and the second imparting a spatially varying momentum to the Fourier transform of the incident light. Using this concept, we fabricate and test a planar monolithic near-infrared retroreflector composed of two layers of silicon nanoposts, which reflects light along its incident direction with a normal incidence efficiency of 78% and a large half-power field of view of 60\u00b0. The metasurface retroreflector demonstrates the potential of cascaded metasurfaces for implementing novel high-performance components, and enables low-power and low-weight passive optical transmitters.", "doi": "10.1038/nphoton.2017.96", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2017-07", "series_number": "7", "volume": "11", "issue": "7", "pages": "415-420" }, { "id": "authors:nnf8v-92988", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nnf8v-92988", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170605-090534483", "type": "article", "title": "Controlling the sign of chromatic dispersion in diffractive optics with dielectric metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Diffraction gratings disperse light in a rainbow of colors with the opposite order than refractive prisms, a phenomenon known as negative dispersion. While refractive dispersion can be controlled via material refractive index, diffractive dispersion is fundamentally an interference effect dictated by geometry. Here we show that this fundamental property can be altered using dielectric metasurfaces, and we experimentally demonstrate diffractive gratings and focusing mirrors with positive, zero, and hyper-negative dispersion. These optical elements are implemented using a reflective metasurface composed of dielectric nano-posts that provide simultaneous control over phase and its wavelength derivative. In addition, as a first practical application, we demonstrate a focusing mirror that exhibits a five-fold reduction in chromatic dispersion, and thus an almost three-times increase in operation bandwidth compared with a regular diffractive element. This concept challenges the generally accepted dispersive properties of diffractive optical devices and extends their applications and functionalities.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.4.000625", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2017-06-20", "series_number": "6", "volume": "4", "issue": "6", "pages": "625-632" }, { "id": "authors:5fetr-pwt53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5fetr-pwt53", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-151625094", "type": "book_section", "title": "Hybrid microring resonator devices for rare-earth quantum-light matter interfaces", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer Ul", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Migdall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" } ], "abstract": "Rare earth quantum light-matter interfaces (QLMIs) are uniquely suited for various quantum communication applications, including quantum memories and quantum optical to microwave transducers. Among rare earths, erbium QLMIs are particularly appealing due to erbium's long lived telecom wavelength resonance, allowing integration with existing optical communication technology and infrastructure. Micro-resonator QLMIs have various advantages over bulk rare earth crystal memories. They provide the opportunity for on-chip integration; for example, optical resonators can be integrated with microwave resonators for quantum optical-microwave transduction. For spectral hole-burning based quantum memories, coupling rare earth ions to a resonator can provide improved memory initialization via Purcell enhancement of optical lifetimes, while impedance matching the resonator to the ions can raise the theoretical memory efficiency to 100%. We present hybrid nanoscale quantum light matter interfaces in the form of amorphous silicon ring resonators on yttrium orthosilicate (YSO) substrate doped with erbium ions. While working with rare earth crystal hosts can be challenging, the fabrication process for these devices is simple and robust, using traditional thin film fabrication technologies. Our devices have measured quality factors of over 105 in the 11 \u00b5m diameter rings, and evanescent coupling to an ensemble of erbium ions characterized by a cooperativity of 0.54. We present simulation and experimental results of the optical properties of these cavities, and their coupling to erbium ions, including a demonstration of Purcell enhancement of the erbium telecom transition. We then analyze their potential as quantum memories and in optical to microwave transducers.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2250675", "isbn": "9781510606777", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-06-02", "pages": "Art. No. 101180M" }, { "id": "authors:b4anm-3xj25", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "b4anm-3xj25", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-152549755", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum nanophotonic devices based on rare-earth-doped crystals", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake H.", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer Ul", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Migdall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" } ], "abstract": "Quantum light-matter interfaces that reversibly map the quantum state of photons onto the quantum states of atoms, are essential components in the quantum engineering toolbox with applications in quantum communication, computing, and quantum-enabled sensing. In this talk I present our progress towards developing on-chip quantum light-matter interfaces based on nanophotonic resonators fabricated in rare-earth-doped crystals known to exhibit the longest optical and spin coherence times in the solid state. We recently demonstrated coherent control of neodymium (Nd3+) ions coupled to yttrium orthosilicate Y2SiO5 (YSO) photonic crystal nano-beam resonator. The coupling of the Nd3+ 883 nm 4I9/2-4F3/2 transition to the nano-resonator results in a 40 fold enhancement of the transition rate (Purcell effect), and increased optical absorption (~80%) - adequate for realizing efficient optical quantum memories via cavity impedance matching. Optical coherence times T2 up to 100 \u03bcs with low spectral diffusion were measured for ions embedded in photonic crystals, which are comparable to those observed in unprocessed bulk samples. This indicates that the remarkable coherence properties of REIs are preserved during nanofabrication process. Multi-temporal mode photon storage using stimulated photon echo and atomic frequency comb (AFC) protocols were implemented in these nano-resonators. Our current technology can be readily transferred to Erbium (Er) doped YSO devices, therefore opening the possibility of efficient on-chip optical quantum memory at 1.5 \u03bcm telecom wavelength. Integration with superconducting qubits can lead to devices for reversible quantum conversion of optical photons to microwave photons.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2249637", "isbn": "9781510606777", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-06-02", "pages": "Art. No. 101180L" }, { "id": "authors:pdb7x-s2y09", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pdb7x-s2y09", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-152154902", "type": "book_section", "title": "Broadband photonic quantum interface based on a cavity-protected rare-earth ensemble", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake H.", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer Ul", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Migsall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" } ], "abstract": "Rare-earth ions doped in crystals are renowned for their excellent coherence properties and large inhomogeneous broadening, which make them ideal for quantum interfaces with broadband photons. These properties have made them one of the leading technologies in quantum optical memories and a promising candidate for optical-to-microwave conversion. To take advantage of the full bandwidth of the rare-earth ensemble, one must overcome the decoherence of a broadband collective excitation due to inhomogeneous broadening. To this end, techniques based on controllable rephasing, such as atomic frequency comb (AFC) or controlled reversible inhomogeneous broadening (CRIB) memories, have been developed with great success. Recently, an alternative method was proposed to suppress the decoherence of an inhomogeneous ensemble via strong coupling to a cavity, a phenomenon called cavity protection. This technique has been demonstrated in the microwave domain with an NV spin ensemble, but has not been demonstrated in the optical domain. Here, we demonstrate cavity protection in the optical domain at the single photon level using an ensemble of rare earths ions coupled to a nanophotonic resonator. The reduction in decoherence due to the cavity-protection effect enables transfer of ultrafast (~50 GHz) frequency qubits into the collective ion excitation and retrieval with 98.7% fidelity. Building on these results to transfer these excitations to long-lived spin states would enable broadband, on-demand quantum memories. Furthermore, this works compliments the work done coupling rare-earths to superconducting resonators in the microwave regime with potential for applications in optical-to-microwave transducers.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2252976", "isbn": "9781510606777", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-06-02", "pages": "Art. No. 101180O" }, { "id": "authors:3e3nw-zr203", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3e3nw-zr203", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170410-104830367", "type": "article", "title": "Visible Wavelength Color Filters using Dielectric Subwavelength Gratings for Backside-illuminated CMOS Image Sensor Technologies", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Han", "given_name": "Seunghoon", "clpid": "Han-Seunghoon" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Jeong-Yub", "clpid": "Lee-Jeong-Yub" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Jaekwan", "clpid": "Kim-Jaekwan" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Yongsung", "clpid": "Kim-Yongsung" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Shin", "given_name": "Changgyun", "clpid": "Shin-Changgyun" }, { "family_name": "Shi", "given_name": "Lilong", "clpid": "Shi-Lilong" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hong-Seok", "clpid": "Lee-Hong-Seok" }, { "family_name": "Hwang", "given_name": "Sungwoo", "clpid": "Hwang-Sungwoo" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We report transmissive color filters based on subwavelength dielectric gratings that can replace conventional dye-based color filters used in backside-illuminated CMOS image sensor (BSI CIS) technologies. The filters are patterned in an 80-nm-thick poly-silicon film on a 115-nm-thick SiO_2 spacer layer. They are optimized for operating at the primary RGB colors, exhibit peak transmittance of 60-80%, and an almost insensitive response over a \u00b120\u00b0 angular range. This technology enables shrinking of the pixel sizes down to near a micrometer.", "doi": "10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00636", "issn": "1530-6984", "publisher": "American Chemical Society", "publication": "Nano Letters", "publication_date": "2017-05-10", "series_number": "5", "volume": "17", "issue": "5", "pages": "3159-3164" }, { "id": "authors:28pgq-d1390", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "28pgq-d1390", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180420-110242330", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum Nano-photonic Devices Based on Rare-earth Ions", "book_title": "2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "I present our progress towards developing optical quantum memories based on photonic crystal cavities fabricated in rare-earth-doped crystals. These devices exhibit large spontaneous emission rate enhancement, enabling optical control of single rare-earth ion quantum bits.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2017.SM1K.4", "isbn": "978-1-9435-8027-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-05", "pages": "Art. No. SM1K.4" }, { "id": "authors:dvevh-g3243", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dvevh-g3243", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180420-111304470", "type": "book_section", "title": "Toward all-optical control of rare-earth ions for on-chip quantum technology", "book_title": "2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Lopez-Rios", "given_name": "Raymond", "clpid": "Lopez-Rios-R" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We present the characterization of the AC Stark shift in a rare-earth ion doped photonic crystal cavity. The strength of the interaction creates opportunities within previously inaccessible regimes of all-optical quantum memory protocols.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2017.FW1E.4", "isbn": "978-1-9435-8027-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2017-05", "pages": "Art. No. FW1E.4" }, { "id": "authors:1xgee-0p695", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1xgee-0p695", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170822-130339159", "type": "book_section", "title": "Nanophotonic atomic-frequency-comb quantum memory based on a rare-earth doped photonic crystal cavity", "book_title": "2017 CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science part of CLEO", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate an efficient atomic frequency comb quantum memory based on an impedance-matched nanophotonic cavity fabricated in a Nd doped YVO crystal. Storage of time-bin qubits with 97% fidelity is achieved.", "isbn": "978-1-943580-27-9", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2017-05", "pages": "Art. No. FW1E.3" }, { "id": "authors:fejbn-2ve09", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "fejbn-2ve09", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-153415654", "type": "book_section", "title": "Metasurfaces with controlled angular phase dispersion", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures VI", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-Connie-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Koyama", "given_name": "Fumio", "clpid": "Koyama-Fumio" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrangements of nano-scatterers that enable control of phase, amplitude, and polarization of light with high efficiency and subwavelength resolution. They have enabled diffractive optical elements with enhanced functionalities and performance. Nevertheless, metasurface diffractive optical elements share many of the properties of regular diffractive optical elements. One of these properties is the response of diffractive elements to changing the angle of illumination: if the beam incident on a grating is rotated by an angle, all diffraction orders will rotate by corresponding angles in the same direction. More precisely, because of the constant grating momentum, the change in the sine of all diffraction angles will be equal to the change in the sine of the illumination angle. Many optical devices of interest, however, do not require this type of behavior, which makes their implementation using metasurfaces very challenging. For instance retroreflectors, which reflect light incident from any angle to the same direction, or collimators, that deflect light coming from any angle to a single given direction, do not follow the regular diffractive optics angular response. We investigate properties of single-layer metasurfaces that enable devices like retroreflectors and collimators. We show that such metasurfaces should have the ability to control the phase, as well as the derivative of phase with respect to angle. We demonstrate designs that provide such control, and use them to show devices that defy the regular response of diffractive optical devices to changes in the illumination angle.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2255547", "isbn": "9781510606678", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-04-28", "pages": "Art. No. 101130Q" }, { "id": "authors:2mydv-4p417", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2mydv-4p417", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-153035007", "type": "book_section", "title": "Independent control of function and chromatic dispersion in diffractive optical devices with metasurfaces", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures VI", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-Connie-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Koyama", "given_name": "Fumio", "clpid": "Koyama-Fumio" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "Diffractive optical devices have many applications in various fields of optics. A fundamental property of all diffractive devices is their negative chromatic dispersion: a diffractive grating always disperses light in the opposite order compared to a refractive prism made of a material with positive (normal) dispersion. Unlike refractive devices, chromatic dispersion in diffractive devices stems from geometrical features, and cannot be controlled via the intrinsic material dispersion. In addition to the always negative sign, the amplitude of diffractive chromatic dispersion is set only by the function of the device. For instance, the angular dispersion of a grating is always given by d\u03b8/d\u03bb=tan(\u03b8)/\u03bb (where \u03b8 is the deflection angle and \u03bb is wavelength), or the focal distance dispersion of a diffractive lens is given by df/d\u03bb=-f/\u03bb. Therefore, the chromatic dispersion of diffractive devices has always been set by their function (e.g. by the deflection angle for a grating or the focal distance for a lens), and could not be controlled separately. Here, we present our work on breaking this fundamental relation between the function and chromatic dispersion of diffractive devices using metasurfaces providing independent control over phase and group delays. We use a reflective dielectric metasurface to experimentally demonstrate gratings and lenses that have positive, zero, and extraordinary negative chromatic dispersion. Apart from its fundamental scientific value, this concept expands the applications of diffractive devices as it enables various types of chromatic dispersions. For instance, a special case would be a dispersionless lens operating over a wide bandwidth with the same focal distance.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2253726", "isbn": "9781510606678", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-04-28", "pages": "Art. No. 101130P" }, { "id": "authors:wyaw4-wxp41", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wyaw4-wxp41", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-154302818", "type": "book_section", "title": "Increasing efficiency of high-NA metasurface lenses", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures VI", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Han", "given_name": "Seunghoon", "clpid": "Han-Seunghoon" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-Connie-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Koyama", "given_name": "Fumio", "clpid": "Koyama-Fumio" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "Diffractive optical devices based on dielectric metasurfaces have recently attracted significant attention. Small size, low weight, planar form factor, and potential for low-cost manufacturing using semiconductor fabrication techniques are some of the main features that make metasurfaces ideal candidates for implementation of low-cost miniaturized optical systems. However, to become competitive for practical applications, metasurfaces should also offer specifications (e.g. efficiency, bandwidth, and wavefront error) comparable to their refractive counterparts. We have recently demonstrated diffraction-limited metasurface lenses with high efficiency using high refractive index nano-posts. Low numerical aperture (NA) metasurface lenses have more than 90% focusing efficiency, but the efficiency of the lenses with NA>0.5 decreases with increasing NA and drops to ~40% for NA=0.9, thus resulting in a trade-off between the NA and efficiency. Here we identify the main physical origin of this trade-off as the low transmission of large diameter nano-posts for transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized light incident at large angles, and show that the low transmission is caused by the excitation of undesired high order modes in these nano-posts. To overcome this issues, we present a novel approach for evaluating different metasurface designs in implementation of high NA metasurface components. The approach is based on adiabatic approximation of aperiodic metasurfaces by periodic gratings, and considers the effect of large deflection angles. Using the proposed design approach, we experimentally demonstrate more than 75% focusing efficiency for metasurface lenses with NA=0.7, and more than 70% deflection efficiency for 50-degree beam deflectors for unpolarized light at 915 nm.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2250391", "isbn": "9781510606678", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-04-28", "pages": "Art. No. 101130K" }, { "id": "authors:s9dy4-vvr23", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "s9dy4-vvr23", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-154639682", "type": "book_section", "title": "Flat and conformal optics using dielectric metasurfaces", "book_title": "Photonic and Phononic Properties of Engineered Nanostructures VII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Adibi", "given_name": "Ali", "clpid": "Adibi-A" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Shawn-Yu", "clpid": "Lin-Shawn-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "Axel", "clpid": "Scherer-A" } ], "abstract": "Flat optical devices based on lithographically patterned sub-wavelength dielectric nano-structures provide precise control over optical wavefronts, and thus promise to revolutionize the field of free-space optics. I discuss our work on high contrast transmitarrays and reflectarrays composed of silicon nano-posts located on top of low index substrates like silica glass or transparent polymers. Complete control of both phase and polarization is achieved at the level of single nano-post, which enables control of the optical wavefront with sub-wavelength spatial resolution. Using this nano-post platform, we demonstrate lenses, waveplates, polarizers, arbitrary beam splitters and holograms. Devices that provide multiple functionalities, like simultaneous polarization beam splitting and focusing are implemented. By embedding the metasurfaces in flexible substrates, conformal optical devices that decouple the geometrical shape and optical function are shown. Multiple flat optical elements are integrated in optical systems such as planar retro-reflectors and Fourier lens systems with applications in ultra-compact imaging systems. Applications in microscopy and the prospects for tunable devices are discussed.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2258236", "isbn": "9781510606654", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-04-28", "pages": "Art. No. 101120L" }, { "id": "authors:x5yqf-2kd16", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x5yqf-2kd16", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-153726461", "type": "book_section", "title": "Planar optical components and systems based on dielectric metasurfaces", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures VI", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer Ul", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Migdall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" } ], "abstract": "Miniaturized optical systems with planar form factors and low power consumption have many applications in wearable and mobile electronics, health monitoring devices, and as integral parts of medical and industrial equipment. Flat optical devices based on dielectric metasurfaces introduce a new approach for realization of such systems at low cost using conventional nanofabrication techniques. In this talk, I will present a summary of our recent work on dielectric metasurfaces that enable precise control of both polarization and phase with large transmission and high spatial resolution. Optical metasurface components such as high numerical aperture lenses, efficient wave plates, components with novel functionalities, and their potential applications will be discussed. I will also present the results of our efforts on developing multi-wavelength and dispersion engineered metasurfaces, as well as conformal, flexible, and tunable metasurfaces. Furthermore, by using metasurface cameras and planar retroreflectors as examples, I will introduce a vertical on-chip integration platform enabled by vertical stacking of multiple metasurfaces and active optoelectronic components. This vertical integration scheme introduces a new architecture for the on-chip integration of conventional and novel optical systems and enables their low-cost manufacturing.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2255938", "isbn": "9781510606678", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-04-28", "pages": "Art. No. 101130H" }, { "id": "authors:83250-1hw49", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "83250-1hw49", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170313-100245122", "type": "article", "title": "Fundamental limits of ultrathin metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We present a set of universal relations which relate the local transmission, reflection, and polarization conversion coefficients of a general class of non-magnetic passive ultrathin metasurfaces. We show that these relations are a result of equal forward and backward scattering by single layer ultrathin metasurfaces, and they lead to confinement of the transmission, reflection, and polarization conversion coefficients to limited regions of the complex plane. Using these relations, we investigate the effect of the presence of a substrate, and show that the maximum polarization conversion efficiency for a transmissive metasurface decreases as the refractive index contrast between the substrate and cladding layer increases. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a single layer reflective metasurface can achieve full 2\u03c0 phase shift coverage without altering the polarization if it is illuminated from the higher refractive index material. We also discuss two approaches for achieving asymmetric scattering from metasurfaces, and realizing metasurfaces which overcome the performance limitations of single layer ultrathin metasurfaces.", "doi": "10.1038/srep43722", "pmcid": "PMC5338019", "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2017-03-06", "volume": "7", "pages": "Art. No. 43722" }, { "id": "authors:8wq27-8k479", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8wq27-8k479", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170505-135335967", "type": "book_section", "title": "Towards an efficient nanophotonic platform integrating quantum memories and single qubits based on rare-earth ions", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication X", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Migdall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Bartholomew", "given_name": "John G.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0780-2471", "clpid": "Bartholomew-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Migdall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" } ], "abstract": "The integration of rare-earth ions in an on-chip photonic platform would enable quantum repeaters and scalable quantum networks. While ensemble-based quantum memories have been routinely realized, implementing single rare-earth ion qubit remains an outstanding challenge due to its weak photoluminescence. Here we demonstrate a nanophotonic platform consisting of yttrium vanadate (YVO) photonic crystal nanobeam resonators coupled to a spectrally dilute ensemble of Nd ions. The cavity acts as a memory when prepared with spectral hole burning, meanwhile it permits addressing of single ions when high-resolution spectroscopy is employed. For quantum memory, atomic frequency comb (AFC) protocol was implemented in a 50 ppm Nd:YVO nanocavity cooled to 480 mk. The high-fidelity quantum storage of time-bin qubits is demonstrated with a 80% efficient WSi superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD). The small mode volume of the cavity results in a peak atomic spectral density of <10 ions per homogeneous linewidth, suitable for probing single ions when detuned from the center of the inhomogeneous distribution. The high-cooperativity coupling of a single ion yields a strong signature (20%) in the cavity reection spectrum, which could be detected by our efficient SNSPD. We estimate a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding 10 for addressing a single Nd ion with its 879.7nm transition. This, combines with the AFC memory, constitutes a promising platform for preparation, storage and detection of rare-earth qubits on the same ship.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2251673", "isbn": "9781510606777", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2017-02-20", "pages": "Art. No. 101180N" }, { "id": "authors:mtmzy-aap18", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mtmzy-aap18", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170417-105406178", "type": "article", "title": "Coupling erbium dopants in yttrium orthosilicate to silicon photonic resonators and waveguides", "author": [ { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "A scalable platform for on-chip optical quantum networks will rely on standard top-down nanofabrication techniques and solid-state emitters with long coherence times. We present a new hybrid platform that integrates amorphous silicon photonic waveguides and microresonators fabricated on top of a yttrium orthosilicate substrate doped with erbium ions. The quality factor of one such resonator was measured to exceed 100,000 and the ensemble cooperativity was measured to be 0.54. The resonator-coupled ions exhibited spontaneous emission rate enhancement and increased coupling to the input field, as required for further development of on-chip quantum light-matter interfaces.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.25.002863", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2017-02-06", "series_number": "3", "volume": "25", "issue": "3", "pages": "2863-2871" }, { "id": "authors:9rvc1-tzs68", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9rvc1-tzs68", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160430-101206074", "type": "article", "title": "Interfacing broadband photonic qubits to on-chip cavity-protected rare-earth ensembles", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-Jonathan-M" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-Jake-H" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Ensembles of solid-state optical emitters enable broadband quantum storage and transduction of photonic qubits, with applications in high-rate quantum networks for secure communications and interconnecting future quantum computers. To transfer quantum states using ensembles, rephasing techniques are used to mitigate fast decoherence resulting from inhomogeneous broadening, but these techniques generally limit the bandwidth, efficiency and active times of the quantum interface. Here, we use a dense ensemble of neodymium rare-earth ions strongly coupled to a nanophotonic resonator to demonstrate a significant cavity protection effect at the single-photon level\u2014a technique to suppress ensemble decoherence due to inhomogeneous broadening. The protected Rabi oscillations between the cavity field and the atomic super-radiant state enable ultra-fast transfer of photonic frequency qubits to the ions (\u223c50\u2009GHz bandwidth) followed by retrieval with 98.7% fidelity. With the prospect of coupling to other long-lived rare-earth spin states, this technique opens the possibilities for broadband, always-ready quantum memories and fast optical-to-microwave transducers.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms14107", "pmcid": "PMC5241816", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2017-01-16", "volume": "8", "pages": "Art. No. 14107" }, { "id": "authors:30ebc-kjf51", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "30ebc-kjf51", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170109-132049976", "type": "article", "title": "Patterned photostimulation via visible-wavelength photonic probes for deep brain optogenetics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Segev", "given_name": "Eran", "clpid": "Segev-Eran" }, { "family_name": "Reimer", "given_name": "Jacob", "clpid": "Reimer-Jacob" }, { "family_name": "Moreaux", "given_name": "Laurent C.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1276-5062", "clpid": "Moreaux-Laurent-C" }, { "family_name": "Fowler", "given_name": "Trevor M.", "clpid": "Fowler-Trevor-M" }, { "family_name": "Chi", "given_name": "Derrick", "clpid": "Chi-Derrick" }, { "family_name": "Sacher", "given_name": "Wesley D.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3306-4556", "clpid": "Sacher-Wesley-D" }, { "family_name": "Lo", "given_name": "Maisie", "clpid": "Lo-Maisie" }, { "family_name": "Deisseroth", "given_name": "Karl", "clpid": "Deisseroth-Karl" }, { "family_name": "Tolias", "given_name": "Andreas S.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4305-6376", "clpid": "Tolias-Andreas-S" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Roukes", "given_name": "Michael L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026", "clpid": "Roukes-M-L" } ], "abstract": "Optogenetic methods developed over the past decade enable unprecedented optical activation and silencing of specific neuronal cell types. However, light scattering in neural tissue precludes illuminating areas deep within the brain via free-space optics; this has impeded employing optogenetics universally. Here, we report an approach surmounting this significant limitation. We realize implantable, ultranarrow, silicon-based photonic probes enabling the delivery of complex illumination patterns deep within brain tissue. Our approach combines methods from integrated nanophotonics and microelectromechanical systems, to yield photonic probes that are robust, scalable, and readily producible en masse. Their minute cross sections minimize tissue displacement upon probe implantation. We functionally validate one probe design in vivo with mice expressing channelrhodopsin-2. Highly local optogenetic neural activation is demonstrated by recording the induced response\u2014both by extracellular electrical recordings in the hippocampus and by two-photon functional imaging in the cortex of mice coexpressing GCaMP6.", "doi": "10.1117/1.NPh.4.1.011002", "pmcid": "PMC5136672", "issn": "2329-423X", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "publication": "Neurophotonics", "publication_date": "2017-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "4", "issue": "1", "pages": "Art. No. 011002" }, { "id": "authors:xkath-51524", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "xkath-51524", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160430-095824592", "type": "article", "title": "Miniature optical planar camera based on a wide-angle metasurface doublet corrected for monochromatic aberrations", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Han", "given_name": "Seunghoon", "clpid": "Han-Seunghoon" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Optical metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrays of nano-scatterers that modify optical wavefronts at subwavelength spatial resolution. They are poised to revolutionize optics by enabling complex low-cost systems where multiple metasurfaces are lithographically stacked and integrated with electronics. For imaging applications, metasurface stacks can perform sophisticated image corrections and can be directly integrated with image sensors. Here we demonstrate this concept with a miniature flat camera integrating a monolithic metasurface lens doublet corrected for monochromatic aberrations, and an image sensor. The doublet lens, which acts as a fisheye photographic objective, has a small f-number of 0.9, an angle-of-view larger than 60\u00b0 \u00d7 60\u00b0, and operates at 850\u2009nm wavelength with 70% focusing efficiency. The camera exhibits nearly diffraction-limited image quality, which indicates the potential of this technology in the development of optical systems for microscopy, photography, and computer vision.", "doi": "10.1038/NCOMMS13682", "pmcid": "PMC5133709", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2016-11-28", "volume": "7", "pages": "Art. No. 13682" }, { "id": "authors:5ftc9-pf796", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5ftc9-pf796", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160430-100552297", "type": "article", "title": "Highly tunable elastic dielectric metasurface lenses", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Dielectric metasurfaces are two-dimensional structures composed of nano-scatterers that manipulate the phase and polarization of optical waves with subwavelength spatial resolution, thus enabling ultra-thin components for free-space optics. While high performance devices with various functionalities, including some that are difficult to achieve using conventional optical setups have been shown, most demonstrated components have fixed parameters. Here, we demonstrate highly tunable dielectric metasurface devices based on subwavelength thick silicon nano-posts encapsulated in a thin transparent elastic polymer. As proof of concept, we demonstrate a metasurface microlens operating at 915 nm, with focal distance tuning from 600 \u03bcm to 1400 \u03bcm (over 952 diopters change in optical power) through radial strain, while maintaining a diffraction limited focus and a focusing efficiency above 50%. The demonstrated tunable metasurface concept is highly versatile for developing ultra-slim, multi-functional and tunable optical devices with widespread applications ranging from consumer electronics to medical devices and optical communications.", "doi": "10.1002/lpor.201600144", "issn": "1863-8880", "publisher": "Wiley", "publication": "Laser and Photonics Reviews", "publication_date": "2016-11", "series_number": "6", "volume": "10", "issue": "6", "pages": "1002-1008" }, { "id": "authors:t4csn-42b55", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t4csn-42b55", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161012-163922737", "type": "article", "title": "Nondestructive photon detection using a single rare-earth ion coupled to a photonic cavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "O'Brien", "given_name": "Chris", "clpid": "O'Brien-C" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Simon", "given_name": "Christoph", "clpid": "Simon-C" } ], "abstract": "We study the possibility of using single rare-earth ions coupled to a photonic cavity with high cooperativity for performing nondestructive measurements of photons, which would be useful for global quantum networks and photonic quantum computing. We calculate the achievable fidelity as a function of the parameters of the rare-earth ion and photonic cavity, which include the ion's optical and spin dephasing rates, the cavity linewidth, the single-photon coupling to the cavity, and the detection efficiency. We suggest a promising experimental realization using current state-of-the-art technology in Nd:YVO_4.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.94.043807", "issn": "2469-9926", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2016-10", "series_number": "4", "volume": "94", "issue": "4", "pages": "Art. No. 043807" }, { "id": "authors:gx3nj-rcj63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gx3nj-rcj63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170202-120516558", "type": "book_section", "title": "Conformal and tunable optical dielectric metasurfaces based on flexible stretchable substrates", "book_title": "2016 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We introduce an elastic dielectric metasurface platform for developing ultra-slim arbitrarily shaped multifunctional and tunable optical devices. We demonstrate conformal metasurfaces for decoupling optical function and geometrical form, and elastic metasurface lenses with high tunability.", "doi": "10.1109/IPCon.2016.7831159", "isbn": "978-1-5090-1907-6", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-10", "pages": "406-407" }, { "id": "authors:16s69-wag50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "16s69-wag50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160919-101452405", "type": "article", "title": "Orbital Angular Momentum-based Space Division Multiplexing for High-capacity Underwater Optical Communications", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ren", "given_name": "Yongxiong", "clpid": "Ren-Yongxiong" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Long", "clpid": "Li-Long" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Zhe", "clpid": "Wang-Zhe" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Zhao", "given_name": "Zhe", "orcid": "0000-0002-2199-5022", "clpid": "Zhao-Zhe" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Guodong", "clpid": "Xie-Guodong" }, { "family_name": "Cao", "given_name": "Yinwen", "orcid": "0000-0002-8225-3364", "clpid": "Cao-Yinwen" }, { "family_name": "Ahmed", "given_name": "Nisar", "clpid": "Ahmed-Nisar" }, { "family_name": "Yan", "given_name": "Yan", "clpid": "Yan-Yan" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Cong", "clpid": "Liu-Cong" }, { "family_name": "Willner", "given_name": "Asher J.", "clpid": "Willner-Asher-J" }, { "family_name": "Ashrafi", "given_name": "Solyman", "clpid": "Ashrafi-Solyman" }, { "family_name": "Tur", "given_name": "Moshe", "clpid": "Tur-Moshe" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Willner", "given_name": "Alan E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7339-4376", "clpid": "Willner-Alan-E" } ], "abstract": "To increase system capacity of underwater optical communications, we employ the spatial domain to simultaneously transmit multiple orthogonal spatial beams, each carrying an independent data channel. In this paper, we show up to a 40-Gbit/s link by multiplexing and transmitting four green orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams through a single aperture. Moreover, we investigate the degrading effects of scattering/turbidity, water current, and thermal gradient-induced turbulence, and we find that thermal gradients cause the most distortions and turbidity causes the most loss. We show systems results using two different data generation techniques, one at 1064\u2009nm for 10-Gbit/s/beam and one at 520\u2009nm for 1-Gbit/s/beam; we use both techniques since present data-modulation technologies are faster for infrared (IR) than for green. For the 40-Gbit/s link, data is modulated in the IR, and OAM imprinting is performed in the green using a specially-designed metasurface phase mask. For the 4-Gbit/s link, a green laser diode is directly modulated. Finally, we show that inter-channel crosstalk induced by thermal gradients can be mitigated using multi-channel equalisation processing.", "doi": "10.1038/srep33306", "pmcid": "PMC5018855", "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2016-09-12", "volume": "6", "pages": "Art. No. 33306" }, { "id": "authors:2n3j9-sm734", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2n3j9-sm734", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160912-084143527", "type": "article", "title": "Multiwavelength metasurfaces through spatial multiplexing", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrangements of optical scatterers rationally arranged to control optical wavefronts. Despite the significant advances made in wavefront engineering through metasurfaces, most of these devices are designed for and operate at a single wavelength. Here we show that spatial multiplexing schemes can be applied to increase the number of operation wavelengths. We use a high contrast dielectric transmittarray platform with amorphous silicon nano-posts to demonstrate polarization insensitive metasurface lenses with a numerical aperture of 0.46, that focus light at 915 and 1550\u2009nm to the same focal distance. We investigate two different methods, one based on large scale segmentation and one on meta-atom interleaving, and compare their performances. An important feature of this method is its simple generalization to adding more wavelengths or new functionalities to a device. Therefore, it provides a relatively straightforward method for achieving multi-functional and multiwavelength metasurface devices.", "doi": "10.1038/srep32803", "pmcid": "PMC5011735", "issn": "2045-2322", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Scientific Reports", "publication_date": "2016-09-06", "volume": "6", "pages": "Art. No. 32803" }, { "id": "authors:zsmjf-ng522", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zsmjf-ng522", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161027-115048064", "type": "article", "title": "High efficiency double-wavelength dielectric metasurface lenses with dichroic birefringent meta-atoms", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Metasurfaces are ultrathin optical structures that manipulate optical wavefronts. Most metasurface devices which deflect light are designed for operation at a single wavelength, and their function changes as the wavelength is varied. Here we propose and demonstrate a double-wavelength metasurface based on polarization dependent dielectric meta-atoms that control the phases of two orthogonal polarizations independently. Using this platform, we design lenses that focus light at 915 and 780 nm with perpendicular linear polarizations to the same focal distance. Lenses with numerical apertures up to 0.7 and efficiencies from 65% to above 90% are demonstrated. In addition to the high efficiency and numerical aperture, an important feature of this technique is that the two operation wavelengths can be chosen to be arbitrarily close. These characteristics make these lenses especially attractive for fluorescence microscopy applications.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.24.018468", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2016-08-08", "series_number": "16", "volume": "24", "issue": "16", "pages": "18468-18477" }, { "id": "authors:kj9rq-kdw53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kj9rq-kdw53", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160711-114700984", "type": "article", "title": "Engineering and mapping nanocavity emission via precision placement of DNA origami", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gopinath", "given_name": "Ashwin", "clpid": "Gopinath-A" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Rothemund", "given_name": "Paul W. K.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1653-3202", "clpid": "Rothemund-P-W-K" } ], "abstract": "Many hybrid devices integrate functional molecular or nanoparticle components with microstructures, as exemplified by the nanophotonic devices that couple emitters to optical resonators for potential use in single-molecule detection, precision magnetometry, low threshold lasing and quantum information processing. These systems also illustrate a common difficulty for hybrid devices: although many proof-of-principle devices exist, practical applications face the challenge of how to incorporate large numbers of chemically diverse functional components into microfabricated resonators at precise locations. Here we show that the directed self-assembly of DNA origami onto lithographically patterned binding sites allows reliable and controllable coupling of molecular emitters to photonic crystal cavities (PCCs). The precision of this method is sufficient to enable us to visualize the local density of states within PCCs by simple wide-field microscopy and to resolve the antinodes of the cavity mode at a resolution of about one-tenth of a wavelength. By simply changing the number of binding sites, we program the delivery of up to seven DNA origami onto distinct antinodes within a single cavity and thereby digitally vary the intensity of the cavity emission. To demonstrate the scalability of our technique, we fabricate 65,536 independently programmed PCCs on a single chip. These features, in combination with the widely used modularity of DNA origami, suggest that our method is well suited for the rapid prototyping of a broad array of hybrid nanophotonic devices.", "doi": "10.1038/nature18287", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2016-07-21", "series_number": "7612", "volume": "535", "issue": "7612", "pages": "401-405" }, { "id": "authors:m5e98-bny27", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "m5e98-bny27", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160729-123948408", "type": "article", "title": "Optical spectroscopy and decoherence studies of Yb^(3+):YAG at 968 nm", "author": [ { "family_name": "B\u00f6ttger", "given_name": "Thomas", "clpid": "B\u00f6ttger-T" }, { "family_name": "Thiel", "given_name": "C. W.", "clpid": "Thiel-C-W" }, { "family_name": "Cone", "given_name": "R. L.", "clpid": "Cone-R-L" }, { "family_name": "Sun", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Sun-Y" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "The ^2F_(7/2) \u2194 ^2F_(5/2) optical transitions of Yb^(3+) doped into Y_3Al_5O_(12) (YAG) were studied for potential quantum information and photonic signal processing applications. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy located the energy levels of the ground ^2F_(7/2) and excited ^2F_(5/2) manifolds, allowing inconsistencies between previous assignments of crystal field splittings in the literature to be resolved. These measurements reveal an unusually large splitting between the first and second levels in both the ground and excited multiplets, potentially providing for reduced sensitivity to thermally induced decoherence and spin-lattice relaxation. Spectral hole burning through two-level saturation was observed, determining the excited state lifetime to be 860 \u03bcs and resolving ambiguities in previous fluorescence measurements that were caused by the large radiation trapping effects in this material. Optical decoherence measurements using two-pulse photon echoes gave a homogeneous linewidth of 18 kHz for an applied magnetic field of 1 T, narrowing to 5 kHz at 2.5 T. The observed decoherence was described by spectral diffusion attributed to Yb^(3+)\u2212Yb^(3+) magnetic dipole interactions. Laser absorption determined an inhomogeneous linewidth of 3.6 GHz for this transition in this 0.05%-doped crystal, which is narrower than for any other rare-earth-ion transition previously studied in the YAG host. The temperature dependence of the transition energy and linewidth of the lowest ^2F_(7/2) to lowest ^2F_(5/2) transition centered at 968.571 nm measured from 4 K to 300 K was well described by phonon scattering at higher temperatures, with an additional anomalous linear temperature-dependent broadening at temperatures below 80 K. Two magnetically inequivalent subgroups of Yb^(3+) ions were identified when a magnetic field was applied along the \u3008111\u3009 axis, as expected for the D_2 sites in the cubic symmetry crystal, with ground and excited state effective g-values of g_g = 3.40 (3.34) and g_e = 1.04 (2.01), respectively. Together with the convenient diode laser wavelength of this transition, our study suggests that Yb^(3+):YAG is a promising material system for spectral hole burning and quantum information applications.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.94.045134", "issn": "2469-9950", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review B", "publication_date": "2016-07-15", "series_number": "4", "volume": "94", "issue": "4", "pages": "Art. No. 045134" }, { "id": "authors:4544p-b2356", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4544p-b2356", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160405-131617866", "type": "article", "title": "Removing orientation-induced localization biases in single-molecule microscopy using a broadband metasurface mask", "author": [ { "family_name": "Backlund", "given_name": "Mikael P.", "clpid": "Backlund-Mikael-P" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Petrov", "given_name": "Peter N.", "clpid": "Petrov-Peter-N" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Saurabh", "given_name": "Saumya", "orcid": "0000-0002-7524-7548", "clpid": "Saurabh-Saumya" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Moerner", "given_name": "W. E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2830-209X", "clpid": "Moerner-William-E" } ], "abstract": "Nanoscale localization of single molecules is a crucial function in several advanced microscopy techniques, including single-molecule tracking and wide-field super-resolution imaging. Until now, a central consideration of such techniques is how to optimize the precision of molecular localization. However, as these methods continue to push towards the nanometre size scale, an increasingly important concern is the localization accuracy. In particular, single fluorescent molecules emit with an anisotropic radiation pattern of an oscillating electric dipole, which can cause significant localization biases using common estimators. Here we present the theory and experimental demonstration of a solution to this problem based on azimuthal filtering in the Fourier plane of the microscope. We do so using a high-efficiency dielectric metasurface polarization/phase device composed of nanoposts with subwavelength spacing. The method is demonstrated both on fluorophores embedded in a polymer matrix and in dL5 protein complexes that bind malachite green.", "doi": "10.1038/nphoton.2016.93", "pmcid": "PMC5001689", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2016-07", "series_number": "7", "volume": "10", "issue": "7", "pages": "459-462" }, { "id": "authors:32je3-2pw19", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "32je3-2pw19", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160430-101721741", "type": "article", "title": "Multiwavelength polarization-insensitive lenses based on dielectric metasurfaces with meta-molecules", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Metasurfaces are nano-structured devices composed of arrays of subwavelength\nscatterers (or meta-atoms) that manipulate the wavefront, polarization, or\nintensity of light. Like other diffractive optical devices, metasurfaces suffer\nfrom significant chromatic aberrations that limit their bandwidth. Here, we\npresent a method for designing multiwavelength metasurfaces using unit cells\nwith multiple meta-atoms, or meta-molecules. Transmissive lenses with\nefficiencies as high as 72% and numerical apertures as high as 0.46\nsimultaneously operating at 915 nm and 1550 nm are demonstrated. With proper\nscaling, these devices can be used in applications where operation at distinct\nknown wavelengths is required, like various fluorescence microscopy techniques.", "doi": "10.1364/OPTICA.3.000628", "issn": "2334-2536", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optica", "publication_date": "2016-06-20", "series_number": "6", "volume": "3", "issue": "6", "pages": "628-633" }, { "id": "authors:zn360-r0v27", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zn360-r0v27", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-133758551", "type": "book_section", "title": "50 GHz quantum photonic storage in a cavity-protected rare-earth ensemble", "book_title": "2016 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate ultrafast transfer of a broadband photonic qubit to a dense rare-earth ensemble cavity protected against decoherence due to inhomogeneous broadening. Storage in highly coherent superradiant collective states enables long-lived memories and optical-to-microwave conversion.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2016.FM4C.2", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. FM4C.2" }, { "id": "authors:f1f4r-g4d54", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "f1f4r-g4d54", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-092702185", "type": "book_section", "title": "Aberration Corrected Metasurface Doublet Lens", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Han", "given_name": "Seunghoon", "clpid": "Han-Seunghoon" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We present a fisheye doublet lens based on dielectric metasurfaces fabricated on two sides of a glass substrate. The lens has f-number of 0.9, an angle-of-view larger than 60\u00b0\u00d760\u00b0, and is corrected for monochromatic aberrations.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.STh1E.6", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America (OSA)", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. STh1E.6" }, { "id": "authors:t9892-bwh97", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t9892-bwh97", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-111815833", "type": "book_section", "title": "Demonstration of using Passive Integrated Phase Masks to Generate Orbital-Angular-Momentum Beams in a Communications Link", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Zhe", "clpid": "Wang-Zhe" }, { "family_name": "Yan", "given_name": "Yan", "clpid": "Yan-Yan" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Cong", "clpid": "Liu-Cong" }, { "family_name": "Xie", "given_name": "Guodong", "clpid": "Xie-Guodong" }, { "family_name": "Zhao", "given_name": "Zhe", "clpid": "Zhao-Zhe" }, { "family_name": "Ren", "given_name": "Yongxiong", "clpid": "Ren-Yongxiong" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Long", "clpid": "Li-Long" }, { "family_name": "Ahmed", "given_name": "Nisar", "clpid": "Ahmed-N" }, { "family_name": "Willner", "given_name": "Asher J.", "clpid": "Willner-A-J" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Ashrafi", "given_name": "Nima", "clpid": "Ashrafi-N" }, { "family_name": "Ashrafi", "given_name": "Solyman", "clpid": "Ashrafi-S" }, { "family_name": "Tur", "given_name": "Moshe", "clpid": "Tur-M" }, { "family_name": "Willner", "given_name": "Alan E.", "clpid": "Willner-A-E" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate high-efficient polarization insensitive OAM generation using integrated phase masks and measure their tolerance to the misalignment of incident beams. An 80 Gbit/s communication link of two OAM channels by using phase masks is demonstrated.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.SW4F.5", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America (OSA)", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. SW4F.5" }, { "id": "authors:7wps8-dta23", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7wps8-dta23", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-124531003", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dispersionless metasurfaces using dispersive meta-atoms", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) 2016", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We introduce a technique for engineering the chromatic dispersion of metasurfaces using dispersive meta-atoms. Using this technique, we experimentally demonstrate dispersionless dielectric metasurface focusing mirrors with negligible chromatic dispersion over a 10% fractional bandwidth.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2016.FM2D.4", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. FM2D.4" }, { "id": "authors:kaw4t-ks316", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kaw4t-ks316", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-092238148", "type": "book_section", "title": "Dielectric metasurface narrowband filter array", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "A planar narrowband optical filter array covering wide operation wavelengths of \u0394\u03bb/\u03bbc=16% is reported. Dielectric metasurfaces are employed as phase shifting elements inside vertical DBR-based micro-cavities to vary their resonances and realize different narrowband filters.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.STh1E.7", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America (OSA)", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. STh1E.7" }, { "id": "authors:7mrm8-q1h27", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7mrm8-q1h27", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170112-075048926", "type": "book_section", "title": "Highly Multiplexed Nanophotonic Probes With Independently Controllable Emitters for Optogenetic Brain Stimulation", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2016", "author": [ { "family_name": "Segev", "given_name": "Eran", "clpid": "Segev-E" }, { "family_name": "Moreaux", "given_name": "Laurent C.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1276-5062", "clpid": "Moreaux-Laurent-C" }, { "family_name": "Reimer", "given_name": "Jacob", "clpid": "Reimer-J" }, { "family_name": "Fowler", "given_name": "Trevor M.", "clpid": "Fowler-T-M" }, { "family_name": "Chi", "given_name": "Derrick", "clpid": "Chi-Derrick" }, { "family_name": "Sacher", "given_name": "Wesley D.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3306-4556", "clpid": "Sacher-W-D" }, { "family_name": "Lo", "given_name": "Maisie", "clpid": "Lo-Maisie" }, { "family_name": "Deisseroth", "given_name": "Karl", "clpid": "Deisseroth-K" }, { "family_name": "Tolias", "given_name": "Andreas S.", "clpid": "Tolias-A-S" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Roukes", "given_name": "Michael", "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026", "clpid": "Roukes-M-L" } ], "abstract": "We present visible-wavelength photonic probes that implement WDM method for delivery of complex illumination patterns with cellular-scale spatial resolution deep within brain tissue. Neuron activation is verified by extracellular electrical recordings, and by two-photon functional imaging.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_AT.2016.JTh4B.2", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America (OSA)", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. JTh4B.2" }, { "id": "authors:tkcex-nrg42", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "tkcex-nrg42", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-091028822", "type": "book_section", "title": "Tunable dielectric metasurfaces using elastic substrates", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2016", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We introduce a tunable metasurface platform for efficient reconfigurable optical wavefront shaping based on stretchable elastic substrates. As proof of concept, we demonstrate lenses with highly tunable focal length.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.STh1E.5", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America (OSA)", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. STh1E.5" }, { "id": "authors:x7tj3-h2m66", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x7tj3-h2m66", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170111-085352102", "type": "book_section", "title": "Active dielectric antenna for phase only spatial light modulation", "book_title": "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2016", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate an active dielectric antenna based on reflective high-contrast subwavelength gratings for phase modulation of reflected light by nearly 2\u03c0. Large-scale integration of such antennas will enable high-speed low-cost phase only spatial light modulators.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2016.STh1E.2", "isbn": "978-1-943580-11-8", "publisher": "Optical Society of America (OSA)", "place_of_publication": "Washington, DC", "publication_date": "2016-06", "pages": "Art. No. STh1E.2" }, { "id": "authors:jsx9r-7qf18", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jsx9r-7qf18", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160701-085424564", "type": "article", "title": "Wide bandwidth and high resolution planar filter array based on DBR-metasurface-DBR structures", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-E" }, { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We propose and experimentally demonstrate a planar array of optical bandpass filters composed of low loss dielectric metasurface layers sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The two DBRs form a Fabry-P\u00e9rot resonator whose center wavelength is controlled by the design of the transmissive metasurface layer which functions as a phase shifting element. We demonstrate an array of bandpass filters with spatially varying center wavelengths covering a wide range of operation wavelengths of 250nm around \u03bb = 1550nm (\u0394\u03bb/\u03bb = 16%). The center wavelengths of each filter are independently controlled only by changing the in-plane geometry of the sandwiched metasurfaces, and the experimentally measured quality factors are larger than 700. The demonstrated filter array can be directly integrated on top of photodetector arrays to realize on-chip high-resolution spectrometers with free-space coupling.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.24.011677", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2016-05-30", "series_number": "11", "volume": "24", "issue": "11", "pages": "11677-11682" }, { "id": "authors:4f90k-wwq98", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4f90k-wwq98", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160601-090500911", "type": "article", "title": "Decoupling optical function and geometrical form using conformal flexible dielectric metasurfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kamali", "given_name": "Seyedeh Mahsa", "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-811X", "clpid": "Kamali-Seyedeh-Mahsa" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-Amir" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Ehsan", "orcid": "0000-0002-5328-3863", "clpid": "Arbabi-Ehsan" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Physical geometry and optical properties of objects are correlated: cylinders focus light to a line, spheres to a point and arbitrarily shaped objects introduce optical aberrations. Multi-functional components with decoupled geometrical form and optical function are needed when specific optical functionalities must be provided while the shapes are dictated by other considerations like ergonomics, aerodynamics or aesthetics. Here we demonstrate an approach for decoupling optical properties of objects from their physical shape using thin and flexible dielectric metasurfaces which conform to objects' surface and change their optical properties. The conformal metasurfaces are composed of silicon nano-posts embedded in a polymer substrate that locally modify near-infrared (\u03bb=915\u2009nm) optical wavefronts. As proof of concept, we show that cylindrical lenses covered with metasurfaces can be transformed to function as aspherical lenses focusing light to a point. The conformal metasurface concept is highly versatile for developing arbitrarily shaped multi-functional optical devices.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms11618", "pmcid": "PMC4874029", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2016-05-19", "volume": "7", "pages": "Art. No. 11618" }, { "id": "authors:v49es-07y13", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "v49es-07y13", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160930-111458520", "type": "book_section", "title": "On-chip quantum storage in a rare-earth-doped photonic nanocavity", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication IX", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Ferrier", "given_name": "Alban", "clpid": "Ferrier-A" }, { "family_name": "Goldner", "given_name": "Philippe", "clpid": "Goldner-P" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Migdall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" } ], "abstract": "Rare-earth-ion doped crystals are state-of-the-art materials for optical quantum memories and quantum transducers between optical and microwave photons. Here we describe our progress towards a nanophotonic quantum memory based on a rare-earth (Neodymium) doped yttrium orthosilicate (YSO) photonic crystal resonator. The Purcell-enhanced coupling of the 883 nm transitions of Neodymium (Nd^(3+)) ions to the nano-resonator results in increased optical depth, which could in principle facilitate highly efficient photon storage via cavity impedance matching. The atomic frequency comb (AFC) memory protocol can be implemented in the Nd:YSO nano-resonator by efficient optical pumping into the long-lived Zeeman state. Coherent optical signals can be stored and retrieved from the AFC memory. We currently measure a storage efficiency on par with a bulk crystal Nd:YSO memory that is millimeters long. Our results will enable multiplexed on-chip quantum storage and thus quantum repeater devices using rare-earth-ions.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2211999", "isbn": "9781628419979", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2016-03-15", "pages": "Art. No. 97620J" }, { "id": "authors:phq0h-y5e53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "phq0h-y5e53", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160204-130436067", "type": "article", "title": "High quality factor nanophotonic resonators in bulk rare-earth doped crystals", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Rochman", "given_name": "Jake", "clpid": "Rochman-J" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Numerous bulk crystalline materials exhibit attractive nonlinear and luminescent properties for classical and quantum optical applications. A chip-scale platform for high quality factor optical nanocavities in these materials will enable new optoelectronic devices and quantum light-matter interfaces. In this article, photonic crystal nanobeam resonators fabricated using focused ion beam milling in bulk insulators, such as rare-earth doped yttrium orthosilicate and yttrium vanadate, are demonstrated. Operation in the visible, near infrared, and telecom wavelengths with quality factors up to 27,000 and optical mode volumes close to one cubic wavelength is measured. These devices enable new nanolasers, on-chip quantum optical memories, single photon sources, and non-linear devices at low photon numbers based on rare-earth ions. The techniques are also applicable to other luminescent centers and crystal.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.24.000536", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2016-01-11", "series_number": "1", "volume": "24", "issue": "1", "pages": "536-544" }, { "id": "authors:s6hsv-mt262", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "s6hsv-mt262", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160119-093504030", "type": "article", "title": "Coupling of erbium dopants to yttrium orthosilicate photonic crystal cavities for on-chip optical quantum memories", "author": [ { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Craiciu", "given_name": "Ioana", "orcid": "0000-0002-8670-0715", "clpid": "Craiciu-I" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Erbium dopants in crystals exhibit highly coherent optical transitions well suited for solid-state optical quantum memories operating in the telecom band. Here, we demonstrate coupling of erbium dopant ions in yttrium orthosilicate to a photonic crystal cavity fabricated directly in the host crystal using focused ion beam milling. The coupling leads to reduction of the photoluminescence lifetime and enhancement of the optical depth in microns-long devices, which will enable on-chip quantum memories.", "doi": "10.1063/1.4939651", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2016-01-04", "series_number": "1", "volume": "108", "issue": "1", "pages": "Art. No. 011111" }, { "id": "authors:81jsf-6eb31", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "81jsf-6eb31", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160204-133451078", "type": "article", "title": "Efficient dielectric metasurface collimating lenses for mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Briggs", "given_name": "Ryan M.", "clpid": "Briggs-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Bagheri", "given_name": "Mahmood", "clpid": "Bagheri-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Light emitted from single-mode semiconductor lasers generally has large divergence angles, and high numerical aperture lenses are required for beam collimation. Visible and near infrared lasers are collimated using aspheric glass or plastic lenses, yet collimation of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers typically requires more costly aspheric lenses made of germanium, chalcogenide compounds, or other infrared-transparent materials. Here we report mid-infrared dielectric metasurface flat lenses that efficiently collimate the output beam of single-mode quantum cascade lasers. The metasurface lenses are composed of amorphous silicon posts on a flat sapphire substrate and can be fabricated at low cost using a single step conventional UV binary lithography. Mid-infrared radiation from a 4.8 \u03bcm distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser is collimated using a polarization insensitive metasurface lens with 0.86 numerical aperture and 79% transmission efficiency. The collimated beam has a half divergence angle of 0.36\u00b0 and beam quality factor of M^2=1.02.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.23.033310", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2015-12-28", "series_number": "26", "volume": "23", "issue": "26", "pages": "33310-33317" }, { "id": "authors:zpg0g-vf976", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zpg0g-vf976", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160108-101924693", "type": "article", "title": "High resolution on-chip optical filter array based on double subwavelength grating reflectors", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Han", "given_name": "Seunghoon", "clpid": "Han-Seunghoon" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "An optical filter array consisting of vertical narrow-band Fabry-P\u00e9rot (FP) resonators formed by two highly reflective high contrast subwavelength grating mirrors is reported. The filters are designed to cover a wide range of operation wavelengths (\u0394\u03bb/\u03bb = 5%) just by changing the in-plane grating parameters while the device thickness is maintained constant. Operation in the telecom band with transmission efficiencies greater than 40% and quality factors greater than 1,000 are measured experimentally for filters fabricated on the same substrate.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.23.029848", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2015-11-05", "series_number": "23", "volume": "23", "issue": "23", "pages": "29848-29854" }, { "id": "authors:g132m-8pc85", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "g132m-8pc85", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150921-102021296", "type": "article", "title": "Nanophotonic coherent light\u2013matter interfaces based on rare-earth-doped crystals", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-Jonathan-M" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Quantum light\u2013matter interfaces connecting stationary qubits to photons will enable optical networks for quantum communications, precise global time keeping, photon switching and studies of fundamental physics. Rare-earth-ion-doped crystals are state-of-the-art materials for optical quantum memories and quantum transducers between optical photons, microwave photons and spin waves. Here we demonstrate coupling of an ensemble of neodymium rare-earth-ions to photonic nanocavities fabricated in the yttrium orthosilicate host crystal. Cavity quantum electrodynamics effects including Purcell enhancement (F=42) and dipole-induced transparency are observed on the highly coherent ^4I_(9/2)\u2013^4F_(3/2) optical transition. Fluctuations in the cavity transmission due to statistical fine structure of the atomic density are measured, indicating operation at the quantum level. Coherent optical control of cavity-coupled rare-earth ions is performed via photon echoes. Long optical coherence times (T_2~100\u2009\u03bcs) and small inhomogeneous broadening are measured for the cavity-coupled rare-earth ions, thus demonstrating their potential for on-chip scalable quantum light\u2013matter interfaces.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms9206", "pmcid": "PMC4647856", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2015-09", "series_number": "9", "volume": "6", "issue": "9", "pages": "Art. No. 8206" }, { "id": "authors:kv58m-mcb25", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kv58m-mcb25", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150721-093206037", "type": "article", "title": "Dielectric metasurfaces for complete control of phase and polarization with subwavelength spatial resolution and high transmission", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Bagheri", "given_name": "Mahmood", "clpid": "Bagheri-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Metasurfaces are planar structures that locally modify the polarization, phase and amplitude of light in reflection or transmission, thus enabling lithographically patterned flat optical components with functionalities controlled by design. Transmissive metasurfaces are especially important, as most optical systems used in practice operate in transmission. Several types of transmissive metasurface have been realized, but with either low transmission efficiencies or limited control over polarization and phase. Here, we show a metasurface platform based on high-contrast dielectric elliptical nanoposts that provides complete control of polarization and phase with subwavelength spatial resolution and an experimentally measured efficiency ranging from 72% to 97%, depending on the exact design. Such complete control enables the realization of most free-space transmissive optical elements such as lenses, phase plates, wave plates, polarizers, beamsplitters, as well as polarization-switchable phase holograms and arbitrary vector beam generators using the same metamaterial platform.", "doi": "10.1038/nnano.2015.186", "issn": "1748-3387", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Nanotechnology", "publication_date": "2015-08-31", "series_number": "11", "volume": "10", "issue": "11", "pages": "937-943" }, { "id": "authors:0ryfy-sa159", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "0ryfy-sa159", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150819-074206662", "type": "book_section", "title": "Simultaneous and Complete Control of Light Polarization and Phase using High Contrast Transmitarrays", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Bagheri", "given_name": "Mahmood", "clpid": "Bagheri-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We report an efficient dielectric metasurface platform for complete control over polarization and phase of light with subwavelength spatial resolution. Using this platform, we experimentally demonstrate polarization switchable phase holograms and vector beam generators.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2015.SW3I.2", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication_date": "2015-05" }, { "id": "authors:p450p-3rc81", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "p450p-3rc81", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141103-105332607", "type": "article", "title": "Subwavelength-thick Lenses with High Numerical Apertures and Large Efficiency Based on High Contrast Transmitarrays", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Ball", "given_name": "Alexander J.", "clpid": "Ball-A-J" }, { "family_name": "Bagheri", "given_name": "Mahmood", "clpid": "Bagheri-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Flat optical devices thinner than a wavelength promise to replace conventional free-space components for wavefront and polarization control. Transmissive flat lenses are particularly interesting for applications in imaging and on-chip optoelectronic integration. Several designs based on plasmonic metasurfaces, high-contrast transmitarrays and gratings have been recently implemented but have not provided a performance comparable to conventional curved lenses. Here we report polarization-insensitive, micron-thick, high-contrast transmitarray micro-lenses with focal spots as small as 0.57\u2009\u03bb. The measured focusing efficiency is up to 82%. A rigorous method for ultrathin lens design, and the trade-off between high efficiency and small spot size (or large numerical aperture) are discussed. The micro-lenses, composed of silicon nano-posts on glass, are fabricated in one lithographic step that could be performed with high-throughput photo or nanoimprint lithography, thus enabling widespread adoption.", "doi": "10.1038/ncomms8069", "issn": "2041-1723", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Communications", "publication_date": "2015-05", "series_number": "5", "volume": "6", "issue": "5", "pages": "Art. No. 7069" }, { "id": "authors:rtt7g-q2z49", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "rtt7g-q2z49", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150818-154839666", "type": "book_section", "title": "Towards Detection of Single Rare-Earth-Ions in a Nanophotonic Resonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Kindem", "given_name": "Jonathan", "orcid": "0000-0002-7737-9368", "clpid": "Kindem-J-M" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We report a scheme for detecting single rare-earth-ions coupled to an Yttrium Orthosilicate (YSO) nanophotonic resonator, which could enable precise optical addressing of individual ions as single qubits for quantum information applications.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2015.FTh4B.7", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication_date": "2015-05" }, { "id": "authors:cc3ce-nbm02", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cc3ce-nbm02", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150518-153247002", "type": "book_section", "title": "Efficient high NA flat micro-lenses realized using high contrast transmitarrays", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures IV", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Ball", "given_name": "Alexander J.", "clpid": "Ball-A-J" }, { "family_name": "Bagheri", "given_name": "Mahmood", "clpid": "Bagheri-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-C" }, { "family_name": "Fattal", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Fattal-D" }, { "family_name": "Koyama", "given_name": "Fumio", "clpid": "Koyama-Fumio" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "We present design, fabrication, and characterization results of high numerical aperture (NA) micro-lenses based on a high contrast transmitarray platform. The high contrast transmitarray is created by periodic arrangement of amorphous silicon posts with different diameters on a fused silica substrate. We report near infrared high NA micro-lenses with spot sizes as small as 0.57\u03bb and focusing efficiencies in excess of 80%. We demonstrate a trade-off relation between NA and efficiency of high contrast array flat micro-lenses, and attribute it to the spatial discretization of their phase profiles.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2079509", "isbn": "9781628414622", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2015-03-27", "pages": "Art. No. 93720P" }, { "id": "authors:92epk-k2v82", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "92epk-k2v82", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150519-092438961", "type": "book_section", "title": "Visible Array Waveguide Gratings for Applications of Optical Neural Probes", "author": [ { "family_name": "Segev", "given_name": "Eran", "clpid": "Segev-E" }, { "family_name": "Fowler", "given_name": "Trevor", "clpid": "Fowler-T" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Roukes", "given_name": "Michael L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2916-6026", "clpid": "Roukes-M-L" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hirschberg", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Hirschberg-H" }, { "family_name": "Madsen", "given_name": "Steen J.", "clpid": "Madsen-S-J" }, { "family_name": "Jansen", "given_name": "E. Duco", "clpid": "Jansen-E-D" }, { "family_name": "Luo", "given_name": "Qingming", "clpid": "Luo-Qingming" }, { "family_name": "Mohanty", "given_name": "Samarendra K.", "clpid": "Mohanty-S-K" }, { "family_name": "Thakor", "given_name": "Nitish V.", "clpid": "Thakor-N-V" } ], "abstract": "In this paper we propose using Array Waveguide Gratings (AWGs), working in the visible range, in order to implement the technique of Wavelength-Division-(de)Multiplexing for multi-point stimulation of deep-brain neurons. We've developed a CMOS compatible fabrication process and fabricated two sets of AWGs, working in the red and blue wavelengths. Experimental data demonstrating the functionality of these AWGs is presented.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2078599", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "publication_date": "2015-03-10" }, { "id": "authors:jh9q9-3z523", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jh9q9-3z523", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150522-105723559", "type": "book_section", "title": "Hybrid quantum nanophotonic devices for coupling to rare-earth ions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Hartz", "given_name": "Alex", "clpid": "Hartz-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Migdall", "given_name": "Alan L.", "clpid": "Migdall-A-L" } ], "abstract": "With an assortment of narrow line-width transitions spanning the visible and IR spectrum and long spin coherence times, rare-earth doped crystals are the leading material system for solid-state quantum memories. Integrating these materials in an on-chip optical platform would create opportunities for highly integrated light-matter interfaces for quantum communication and quantum computing. Nano-photonic resonators with high quality factors and small mode volumes are required for efficient on-chip coupling to the small dipole moment of rare-earth ion transitions. However, direct fabrication of optical cavities in these crystals with current nanofabrication techniques is difficult and unparallelized, as either exotic etch chemistries or physical milling processes are required. We fabricated hybrid devices by mechanically transferring a nanoscale membrane of gallium arsenide (GaAs) onto a neodymium-doped yttrium silicon oxide (Y_2SiO_5) crystal and then using electron beam lithography and standard III-V dry etching to pattern nanobeam photonic crystal cavities and ring resonator cavities, a technique that is easily adapted to other frequency ranges for arbitrary dopants in any rare earth host system. Single crystalline GaAs was chosen for its low loss and high refractive index at the transition wavelength. We demonstrated the potential to evanescently couple between the cavity field and the 883 nm ^4I_(9/2)- ^4F_(3/2) transition of nearby neodymium impurities in the host crystal by examining transmission spectra through a waveguide coupled to the resonator with a custom-built confocal microscope. The prospects and requirements for using this system for scalable quantum networks are discussed.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2077540", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "publication_date": "2015-03-04" }, { "id": "authors:9hytw-fet61", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9hytw-fet61", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-155054436", "type": "book_section", "title": "Highly efficient polarization control using subwavelength high contrast transmitarrays", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures IV", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Bagheri", "given_name": "Mahmood", "clpid": "Bagheri-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-Connie-J" }, { "family_name": "Fattal", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Fattal-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Koyama", "given_name": "Fumio", "clpid": "Koyama-Fumio" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "We report efficient wave plates with different retardations and orientations of fast axes realized using transmitarrays composed of a periodic arrangement of amorphous silicon elliptical cylinders on glass. We show that novel polarization devices which locally rotate the polarization by different angles while preserving the wavefront can be demonstrated using such a high contrast transmitarray. We present design, fabrication and experimental characterization results for near infrared transmissive wave retarders with efficiencies in excess of 90%, and discuss the potential applications of atwill local polarization control enabled by this technology.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2079559", "isbn": "9781628414622", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2015-02-27", "pages": "Art. No. 93720H" }, { "id": "authors:42se4-czy83", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "42se4-czy83", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150518-144704843", "type": "book_section", "title": "On-chip broadband spectral filtering using planar double high-contrast grating reflectors", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures IV", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-Connie-J" }, { "family_name": "Fattal", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Fattal-D" }, { "family_name": "Koyama", "given_name": "Fumio", "clpid": "Koyama-Fumio" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "We propose a broadband free-space on-chip spectrometer based on an array of integrated narrowband filters consisting of Fabry-Perot resonators formed by two high-contrast grating (HCG) based reflectors separated by a low-index thin layer with a fixed cavity thickness. Using numerical simulations, broadband tunability of resonance wavelengths was achieved only by changing the in-plane grating parameters such as period or duty cycle of HCGs while the substrate geometry was kept fixed. Experimentally, the HCG reflectors were fabricated on silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates and high reflectivity was measured, fabrication process for the proposed double HCG-based narrowband filter array was developed. The filtering function that can be spanned over a wide range of wavelengths was measured.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2080451", "isbn": "978-1-62841-462-2", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2015-02-07", "pages": "Art. No. 93720O" }, { "id": "authors:1ab88-nz198", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1ab88-nz198", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150518-145547766", "type": "book_section", "title": "Guided resonance reflective phase shifters", "book_title": "High Contrast Metastructures IV", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Chang-Hasnain", "given_name": "Connie J.", "clpid": "Chang-Hasnain-C-J" }, { "family_name": "Fattal", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Fattal-D" }, { "family_name": "Koyama", "given_name": "Fumio", "clpid": "Koyama-Fumio" }, { "family_name": "Zhou", "given_name": "Weimin", "clpid": "Zhou-Weimin" } ], "abstract": "We present reflective phase shifters based on high contrast gratings resting on a low-index spacer backed by a metallic mirror. The guided resonance of the grating combined with the reflection from the metallic mirror leads to an all-pass filter with 2\u03c0 phase shift variation and unity reflectivity across the resonance. We present simulations, fabrication and measurement of passive devices fabricated in silicon over gold using a polymer as the spacer layer. Active control at high modulation speeds can be achieved by shifting the guided resonance wavelength using carrier injection or thermo-optic effect in silicon.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2077744", "isbn": "978-1-62841-462-2", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2015-02-07", "pages": "Art. No. 93720W" }, { "id": "authors:m3nyn-ge737", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "m3nyn-ge737", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150112-085416124", "type": "book_section", "title": "Planar retroreflector", "book_title": "2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We propose a planar retroreflector composed of two cascaded high contrast periodic structures with slowly varying features. One of the high contrast structures focuses the light while the other reflects it as a concave mirror.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.STu3M.5", "isbn": "978-1-55752-999-2", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2014-06", "pages": "Art. No. STu3M.5" }, { "id": "authors:6rxjs-05w11", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6rxjs-05w11", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150109-152918845", "type": "book_section", "title": "Reflective optical phase modulator based on high-contrast grating mirrors", "book_title": "2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "We propose a reflective phase-only modulator formed by two layers of high-contrast grating reflectors. By arranging such optical phase modulators in a 2D array, ultra-fast Si-based phase-only spatial light modulators can be realized.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.STh4M.8", "isbn": "978-1-55752-999-2", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2014-06", "pages": "Art. No. STh4M.8" }, { "id": "authors:711f6-sj332", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "711f6-sj332", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150109-103457269", "type": "book_section", "title": "Towards coupling rare earth ions to a Y_2SiO_5 nanophotonic resonator", "book_title": "2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Hartz", "given_name": "Alex", "clpid": "Hartz-A" }, { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "An yttrium orthosilicate nanophotonic resonator is fabricated with resonances near the ^4I_(9/2)-^4F_(3/2) hyperfine transition of Neodymium ions. Measured absorption by Neodymium embedded in a nanobeam indicates promising prospect for coupling ions to our nano-resonator.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2014.FTh1B.5", "isbn": "978-1-55752-999-2", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2014-06", "pages": "Art. No. FTh1B.5" }, { "id": "authors:2stzj-y4y06", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2stzj-y4y06", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150109-132904154", "type": "book_section", "title": "Hybrid quantum nanophotonic devices for coupling to rare-earth ions", "book_title": "2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Miyazono", "given_name": "Evan", "orcid": "0000-0003-2176-0335", "clpid": "Miyazono-Evan" }, { "family_name": "Hartz", "given_name": "Alex", "clpid": "Hartz-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhong", "given_name": "Tian", "orcid": "0000-0003-3884-7453", "clpid": "Zhong-Tian" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Gallium arsenide photonic crystal resonators are designed and fabricated for evanescent coupling to localized ensembles of rare-earth ions in crystalline hosts. These devices will enable nano-scale on-chip optical quantum memories.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_QELS.2014.FTu3A.5", "isbn": "978-1-55752-999-2", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2014-06", "pages": "Art. No. FTu3A.5" }, { "id": "authors:9wbes-pmj39", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9wbes-pmj39", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150109-153926713", "type": "book_section", "title": "Controlling the phase front of optical fiber beams using high contrast metastructures", "book_title": "2014 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Arbabi", "given_name": "Amir", "orcid": "0000-0001-8831-7552", "clpid": "Arbabi-A" }, { "family_name": "Bagheri", "given_name": "Mahmood", "clpid": "Bagheri-M" }, { "family_name": "Ball", "given_name": "Alexander J.", "clpid": "Ball-A-J" }, { "family_name": "Horie", "given_name": "Yu", "orcid": "0000-0001-7083-1270", "clpid": "Horie-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Fattal", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Fattal-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "The phase of optical beams can be modified by high contrast sub-wavelength periodic structures with gradually varying geometrical features. We present design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of planar micro-lenses shaping the beam of optical fibers.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2014.STu3M.4", "isbn": "978-1-55752-999-2", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2014-06", "pages": "Art. No. STu3M.4" }, { "id": "authors:wgyx4-j0470", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wgyx4-j0470", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20131002-104017438", "type": "article", "title": "Diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers created by scanning focused helium ion beam and annealing", "author": [ { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Z.", "clpid": "Huang-Z" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "W.-D", "clpid": "Li-W-D" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Santori-C" }, { "family_name": "Acosta", "given_name": "V. M.", "clpid": "Acosta-V-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Ishikawa", "given_name": "T.", "clpid": "Ishikawa-T" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "W.", "clpid": "Wu-W" }, { "family_name": "Winston", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Winston-D" }, { "family_name": "Williams", "given_name": "R. S.", "clpid": "William-R-S" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "R. G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a method to create nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond using focused helium ion microscopy. Near-surface NV centers can be created with spatial resolution below 0.6\u2009\u03bcm. We studied the density, creation efficiency, and spectral linewidths at optical and microwave frequencies for NV centers produced using various helium ion implantation doses. The optical linewidths are narrower than those of similar nitrogen-vacancy centers produced using nitrogen ion implantation.", "doi": "10.1063/1.4819339", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2013-08-19", "series_number": "8", "volume": "103", "issue": "8", "pages": "Art. No. 081906" }, { "id": "authors:nz766-sze30", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nz766-sze30", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-145433531", "type": "book_section", "title": "Microring resonator-based diamond optothermal switch: a building block for a quantum computing network", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication VI", "author": [ { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Zhihong", "clpid": "Huang-Zhihong" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" }, { "family_name": "Acosta", "given_name": "Victor", "clpid": "Acosta-V-M" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles M.", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" } ], "abstract": "The negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond has motivated many groups building scalable quantum information processors based on diamond photonics. This is owning to the long-lived electronic spin coherence and the capability for spin manipulation and readout of NV centers. The primitive operation is to create entanglement between two NV centers, based on schemes such as 'atom-photon entanglement' proposed by Cabrillo et al. To scale this type of scheme beyond two qubits, one important component is an optical switch that allows light emitted from a particular device to be routed to multiple locations. With such a switch, one has choices of routing photons to specified paths and has the benefit of improving the entanglement speed by entangling multiple qubits at the same time. Yield of the existing diamond cavities coupled with NV centers are inevitably low, due to the nature of randomness for NV placement and orientation, variation of spectral stability, and variation of cavity resonance frequency and quality factor. An optical switch provides the capability to tolerate a large fraction of defective devices by routing only to the working devices. Many type of switching devices were built on conventional semiconductor materials with mechanisms from mechanical, thermal switching to carrier injection, photonics crystal, and polymer refractive index tuning . In this paper, we build an optical-thermal switch on diamond with micro-ring waveguides, mainly for the simplicity of the diamond fabrication. The the switching function was realized by locally tuning the temperature of the diamond waveguides. Switching efficiency of 31% at 'drop' port and 73% at 'through' port were obtained.", "doi": "10.1117/12.2002631", "isbn": "9780819494047", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2013-03-29", "pages": "Art. No. 86350E" }, { "id": "authors:ekb5b-7ak08", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ekb5b-7ak08", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130401-083610223", "type": "article", "title": "Quantum photonic devices in single-crystal diamond", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles", "clpid": "Santori-C" }, { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Zhihong", "clpid": "Huang-Z" }, { "family_name": "Fu", "given_name": "Kai-Mei C.", "clpid": "Fu-Kai-Mei-C" }, { "family_name": "Acosta", "given_name": "Victor M.", "clpid": "Acosta-V-M" }, { "family_name": "Fattal", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Fattal-D" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "abstract": "Nitrogen\u2013vacancy centers in diamond have outstanding quantum optical properties that enable applications in information processing and sensing. As with most solid-state systems for quantum photonic applications, the great promise lies in the capability to embed them in an on-chip optical network. Here we present basic integrated devices composed of diamond micro-ring resonators coupled to waveguides that are terminated with grating out-couplers. Strong enhancement is observed for the zero-phonon line of nitrogen\u2013vacancy centers coupled to the ring resonance. The zero-phonon line is efficiently coupled from the ring into the waveguide and then scattered out of plane by the grating out-couplers.", "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/025010", "issn": "1367-2630", "publisher": "IOP", "publication": "New Journal of Physics", "publication_date": "2013-02-07", "volume": "15", "pages": "Art. No. 025010" }, { "id": "authors:n949j-yhn96", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n949j-yhn96", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130524-133224480", "type": "article", "title": "Quantum photonic networks in diamond", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lon\u010dar", "given_name": "Marko", "clpid": "Lon\u010dar-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the opportunity to fabricate nanoscale optical devices\nand chip-scale systems in diamond that can generate, manipulate, and store optical signals\nat the single-photon level. In particular, nanophotonics has emerged as a powerful interface\nbetween optical elements such as optical fibers and lenses, and solid-state quantum objects\nsuch as luminescent color centers in diamond that can be used effectively to manipulate\nquantum information. While quantum science and technology has been the main driving\nforce behind recent interest in diamond nanophotonics, such a platform would have many\napplications that go well beyond the quantum realm. For example, diamond's transparency\nover a wide wavelength range, large third-order nonlinearity, and excellent thermal properties\nare of great interest for the implementation of frequency combs and integrated Raman lasers.\nDiamond is also an inert material that makes it well suited for biological applications and for\ndevices that must operate in harsh environments.", "doi": "10.1557/mrs.2013.19", "issn": "0883-7694", "publisher": "Materials Research Society", "publication": "MRS Bulletin", "publication_date": "2013-02", "series_number": "2", "volume": "38", "issue": "2", "pages": "144-148" }, { "id": "authors:76th8-9xj86", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "76th8-9xj86", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121008-095141107", "type": "thesis", "title": "Locally controlled photonic crystal devices with coupled quantum dots: physics and applications", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "One of the most promising ways of building future nano-photonic networks for classical and quantum information processing is by using photonic crystals. Quantum dots coupled to optical modes allow for efficient control of light in these devices. In this dissertation I present the work I have done at Stanford University toward building integrated photonic crystal devices with coupled quantum dots. The most significant experiments that we performed on this platform relied on perfecting the fabrication techniques for photonic crystals, and developing technologies for local control of the cavity and quantum dot properties. In terms of fabrication, our lab is currently able to make state of the art GaAs photonic crystal cavities operating at the wavelength around 930nm with quality factors up to 25000. Combined with quantum dots, these cavities allowed us to achieve the strong coupling regime, which opened the possibility to perform fundamental experiments on cavity quantum electrodynamics. Regarding the local control of cavities and quantum dots, we have developed several techniques. Two of them relied on controlling the local temperature either via laser heating or micron-scale ohmic heaters. Another technique was based on in situ change of the index of refraction using chalcogenide glasses. Finally, we have also developed a method to control the quantum dot properties via a local electric field applied using metallic electrodes. The local temperature tuning played an essential role in the first experiments on coherent probing of strongly coupled cavity - quantum dot systems. The coherent probing technique enabled a series of fundamental experiments where the quantum dot in the cavity was used as a non-linear medium with an ultra-small mode volume. In one experiment, the phase of photons interacting with the system could be controlled via optical fields at power levels as low as one photon per characteristic lifetime of the system. Another experiment investigated quantum nonlinearities of the cavity - quantum dot system by demonstrating photon blockade and photon-induced tunneling. The great promise of using photonic crystals is that they can be combined in an integrated on-chip optical network. To this end, we have developed integrated devices that assemble resonators, waveguide, input/output couplers, and elements for local tuning. Single quantum dots were coupled to the resonators so they could act as on-chip light switches operating at the fundamental limit of light-matter interaction. For opto-electronic applications, the manipulation of light on a chip should be done either all optically or electrically. For electrical control we have developed techniques where the resonance of the quantum dot in the cavity is controlled by applying a lateral electric field using a metallic electrode. This switch has the promise to operate at energies per switching operation below 1 fJ, orders of magnitude lower than current state of the art devices. The goal is to extend this technique for waveguide-coupled cavities such that electro-optic switching can be implemented for on-chip optical signal processing.", "publisher": "Caltech Library", "publication_date": "2012-10-08" }, { "id": "authors:yy0j6-7gh53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "yy0j6-7gh53", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121024-150845355", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum dots in photonic crystal cavities", "book_title": "Quantum Dots: Optics, Electron Transport and Future Applications", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "I.", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Tartakovski\u012d", "given_name": "Alexander G.", "clpid": "Tartakovski\u012d-A-G" } ], "abstract": "During the past two decades, the development of micro- and nano-fabrication technologies\nhas positively impacted multiple areas of science and engineering. In the photonics community,\nthese technologies had numerous early adopters, which led to photonic devices that\nexhibit features at the nano-scale and operate at the most fundamental level of light\u2013matter\ninteraction [28, 39, 18, 29]. One of the leading platforms for these types of devices is\nbased on gallium arsenide (GaAs) planar photonic crystals (PC) with embedded indium\narsenide (InAs) quantum dots (QDs). The PC architecture is advantageous because it\nenables monolithic fabrication of photonic networks for efficient routing of light signals\nof the chip [26]. At the same time, PC devices have low loss and ultra-small optical\nmode volumes, which enable strong light\u2013matter interactions. The InAs quantum dots\nare well suited for quantum photonic applications because they have excellent quantum\nefficiencies, large dipole moments, and a variety of quantum states that can be optically\ncontrolled [24, 3].", "doi": "10.1017/CBO9780511998331.010", "isbn": "9781107012585", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place_of_publication": "New York", "publication_date": "2012-08", "pages": "153-168" }, { "id": "authors:nzdcv-x7b41", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nzdcv-x7b41", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120817-113543280", "type": "article", "title": "Coupling of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers to Photonic Crystal Cavities in Monocrystalline Diamond", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles", "clpid": "Santori-C" }, { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Zhihong", "clpid": "Huang-Zhihong" }, { "family_name": "Acosta", "given_name": "Victor M.", "clpid": "Acosta-V-M" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "abstract": "The zero-phonon transition rate of a nitrogen-vacancy center is enhanced by a factor of \u223c70 by coupling to a photonic crystal resonator fabricated in monocrystalline diamond using standard semiconductor fabrication techniques. Photon correlation measurements on the spectrally filtered zero-phonon line show antibunching, a signature that the collected photoluminescence is emitted primarily by a single nitrogen-vacancy center. The linewidth of the coupled nitrogen-vacancy center and the spectral diffusion are characterized using high-resolution photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.033604", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2012-07-19", "series_number": "3", "volume": "109", "issue": "3", "pages": "Art. No. 033604" }, { "id": "authors:94267-hr849", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "94267-hr849", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-144729793", "type": "article", "title": "Dynamic Stabilization of the Optical Resonances of Single Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond", "author": [ { "family_name": "Acosta", "given_name": "V. M.", "clpid": "Acosta-V-M" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Santori-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Z.", "clpid": "Huang-Z" }, { "family_name": "Fu", "given_name": "K.-M. C.", "clpid": "Fu-Kai-Mei-C" }, { "family_name": "Stacey", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Stacey-A" }, { "family_name": "Simpson", "given_name": "D. A.", "clpid": "Simpson-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Ganesan", "given_name": "K.", "clpid": "Ganesan-K" }, { "family_name": "Tomljenovic-Hanic", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Tomljenovic-Hanic-S" }, { "family_name": "Greentree", "given_name": "A. D.", "clpid": "Greentree-A-D" }, { "family_name": "Prawer", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Prawer-S" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "R. G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "abstract": "We report electrical tuning by the Stark effect of the excited-state structure of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers located \u2272 100\u2009\u2009nm from the diamond surface. The zero-phonon line (ZPL) emission frequency is controllably varied over a range of 300 GHz. Using high-resolution emission spectroscopy, we observe electrical tuning of the strengths of both cycling and spin-altering transitions. Under resonant excitation, we apply dynamic feedback to stabilize the ZPL frequency. The transition is locked over several minutes and drifts of the peak position on timescales \u2273 100\u2009\u2009ms are reduced to a fraction of the single-scan linewidth, with standard deviation as low as 16 MHz (obtained for an NV in bulk, ultrapure diamond). These techniques should improve the entanglement success probability in quantum communications protocols.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.206401", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2012-05-14", "series_number": "20", "volume": "108", "issue": "20", "pages": "Art. No. 206401" }, { "id": "authors:kemf3-bmy21", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kemf3-bmy21", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-140522418", "type": "article", "title": "Ultrafast Photon-Photon Interaction in a Strongly Coupled Quantum Dot-Cavity System", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Bajcsy", "given_name": "Michal", "clpid": "Bajcsy-M" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We study dynamics of the interaction between two weak light beams mediated by a strongly coupled quantum dot\u2013photonic crystal cavity system. First, we perform all-optical switching of a weak continuous-wave signal with a pulsed control beam, and then perform switching between two weak pulsed beams (40 ps pulses). Our results show that the quantum dot\u2013nanocavity system enables fast, controllable optical switching at the single-photon level.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.093604", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2012-03-02", "series_number": "9", "volume": "108", "issue": "9", "pages": "Art. No. 093604" }, { "id": "authors:4nr0k-vtp48", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4nr0k-vtp48", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-091232794", "type": "book_section", "title": "Towards Integrated Optical Quantum Networks in Diamond", "book_title": "Advances in photonics of quantum computing, memory, and communication V", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles M.", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" }, { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Zhihong", "clpid": "Huang-Z" }, { "family_name": "Acosta", "given_name": "Victor M.", "clpid": "Acosta-V-M" }, { "family_name": "Barclay", "given_name": "Paul E.", "clpid": "Barclay-P-E" }, { "family_name": "Fu", "given_name": "Kai-Mei C.", "clpid": "Fu-Kai-Mei-C" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles M.", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate coupling between the zero phonon line (ZPL) of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and the modes of optical micro-resonators fabricated in single crystal diamond membranes sitting on a silicon dioxide substrate. A more than ten-fold enhancement of the ZPL is estimated by measuring the modification of the spontaneous emission lifetime. The cavity-coupled ZPL emission was further coupled into on-chip waveguides thus demonstrating the potential to build optical quantum networks in this diamond on insulator platform.", "doi": "10.1117/12.906260", "isbn": "978-0-8194-8915-9", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2012-02-09", "pages": "Art. No. 82720Y" }, { "id": "authors:v1f5g-n6298", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "v1f5g-n6298", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-123710505", "type": "article", "title": "Hybrid Nanocavity Resonant Enhancement of Color Center Emission in Diamond", "author": [ { "family_name": "Barclay", "given_name": "Paul E.", "clpid": "Barclay-P-E" }, { "family_name": "Fu", "given_name": "Kai-Mei C.", "clpid": "Fu-Kai-Mei-C" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles", "clpid": "Santori-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "abstract": "Resonantly enhanced emission from the zero-phonon line of a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in single crystal diamond is demonstrated experimentally using a hybrid whispering gallery mode nanocavity. A 900 nm diameter ring nanocavity formed from gallium phosphide, whose sidewalls extend into a diamond substrate, is tuned onto resonance at a low temperature with the zero-phonon line of a negatively charged NV center implanted near the diamond surface. When the nanocavity is on resonance, the zero-phonon line intensity is enhanced by approximately an order of magnitude, and the spontaneous emission lifetime of the NV is reduced by as much as 18%, corresponding to a 6.3X enhancement of emission in the zero photon line.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevX.1.011007", "issn": "2160-3308", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review X", "publication_date": "2011-08-07", "series_number": "1", "volume": "1", "issue": "1", "pages": "Art. No. 011007" }, { "id": "authors:h396w-fpy98", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "h396w-fpy98", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-111054206", "type": "article", "title": "Integrated quantum optical networks based on quantum dots and photonic crystals", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Erik", "clpid": "Kim-Erik" }, { "family_name": "Bajcsy", "given_name": "Michal", "clpid": "Bajcsy-M" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Single solid-state optical emitters have quantum mechanical properties that make them suitable for applications in information processing and sensing. Most of these quantum technologies rely on the capability to integrate the emitters in reliable solid-state optical networks. In this paper, we present integrated devices based on GaAs photonic crystals and InAs self-assembled quantum dots. These quantum networks are well suited to future optoelectronic devices operating at ultralow power levels, single-photon logic devices and quantum information processing.", "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/13/5/055025", "issn": "1367-2630", "publisher": "IOP", "publication": "New Journal of Physics", "publication_date": "2011-05-31", "series_number": "5", "volume": "13", "issue": "5", "pages": "Art. No. 055025" }, { "id": "authors:a073d-fdk02", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a073d-fdk02", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-105218323", "type": "article", "title": "Low-temperature tapered-fiber probing of diamond nitrogen-vacancy ensembles coupled to GaP microcavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Fu", "given_name": "K.-M. C.", "clpid": "Fu-Kai-Mei-C" }, { "family_name": "Barclay", "given_name": "P. E.", "clpid": "Barclay-P-E" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Santori-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-G" } ], "abstract": "In this work, we present a platform for testing the device performance of a cavity\u2013emitter system, using an ensemble of emitters and a tapered optical fiber. This method provides high-contrast spectra of the cavity modes, selective detection of emitters coupled to the cavity and an estimate of the device performance in the single-emitter case. Using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and a GaP optical microcavity, we are able to tune the cavity onto the NV resonance at 10 K, couple the cavity-coupled emission to a tapered fiber and measure the fiber-coupled NV spontaneous emission decay. Theoretically, we show that the fiber-coupled average Purcell factor is 2\u20133 times greater than that of free-space collection, although due to ensemble averaging it is still a factor of 3 less than the Purcell factor of a single, ideally placed center.", "doi": "10.1088/1367-2630/13/5/055023", "issn": "1367-2630", "publisher": "IOP", "publication": "New Journal of Physics", "publication_date": "2011-05-31", "series_number": "5", "volume": "13", "issue": "5", "pages": "Art. No. 055023" }, { "id": "authors:qhy8p-xta61", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qhy8p-xta61", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120728-204447451", "type": "book_section", "title": "Off-resonant quantum dot-cavity interaction", "book_title": "Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (QELS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Erik", "clpid": "Kim-Erik" }, { "family_name": "Gong", "given_name": "Yiyang", "clpid": "Gong-Yiyang" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Vuckovic", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Off -resonant quantum dot -cavity coupling is studied both experimentally and theoretically. A theoretical model is proposed to explain the observations.", "doi": "10.1364/QELS.2011.QThR3", "isbn": "978-1-4577-1223-4", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication_date": "2011-05", "pages": "Art. No. QThR3" }, { "id": "authors:ez6x4-5mz24", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ez6x4-5mz24", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-141534837", "type": "book_section", "title": "Nanocavity enhanced diamond nitrogen-vacancy center zero phonon line emission", "book_title": "2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Barclay", "given_name": "Paul E.", "clpid": "Barclay-P-E" }, { "family_name": "Fu", "given_name": "Kai-Mei C.", "clpid": "Fu-Kai-Mei-C" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles", "clpid": "Santori-C" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "abstract": "Resonantly enhanced emission of the zero phonon line of a diamond nitrogen-vacancy center in single crystal diamond is demonstrated experimentally using a hybrid whispering gallery mode nanocavity.", "doi": "10.1364/QELS.2011.QFG6", "isbn": "978-1-55752-910-7", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2011-05" }, { "id": "authors:zybep-cyq80", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zybep-cyq80", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-145706046", "type": "article", "title": "Resonant enhancement of the zero-phonon emission from a colour centre in a diamond cavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Barclay", "given_name": "Paul E.", "clpid": "Barclay-P-E" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles", "clpid": "Santori-C" }, { "family_name": "Fu", "given_name": "Kai-Mei C.", "clpid": "Fu-Kai-Mei-C" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "abstract": "Integrated quantum photonic technologies are key for future applications in quantum information, ultralow-power opto-electronics and sensing. As individual quantum bits, nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond are among the most promising solid-state systems identified to date, because of their long-lived electron and nuclear spin coherence, and capability for individual optical initialization, readout and information storage. The major outstanding hurdle lies in interconnecting many nitrogen vacancies for large-scale computation. One of the most promising approaches in this regard is to couple them to optical resonators, which can be further interconnected in a photonic network. Here, we demonstrate coupling of the zero-phonon line of individual nitrogen vacancies to the modes of microring resonators fabricated in single-crystal diamond. Zero-phonon line enhancement by more than a factor of 10 is estimated from lifetime measurements. The devices are fabricated using standard semiconductor techniques and off-the-shelf materials, thus enabling integrated diamond photonics.", "doi": "10.1038/NPHOTON.2011.52", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2011-05", "series_number": "5", "volume": "5", "issue": "5", "pages": "301-305" }, { "id": "authors:mhey4-jn402", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mhey4-jn402", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-140013587", "type": "book_section", "title": "Reflective silicon binary diffraction grating for visible wavelengths", "book_title": "2011 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Peng", "given_name": "Zhen", "clpid": "Peng-Zhen" }, { "family_name": "Fattal", "given_name": "David A.", "clpid": "Fattal-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fiorentino", "given_name": "Marco", "clpid": "Fiorentino-M" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jingjing", "clpid": "Li-Jingjing" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "abstract": "We introduce a new device based on sub-wavelength resonant gratings. We built a silicon-on-oxide reflective binary grating for visible light that mimics the functionality of a blazed diffraction grating in a flat geometry.", "doi": "10.1364/CLEO_SI.2011.CFA6", "isbn": "978-1-55752-910-7", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2011-05", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:5pzmr-zgd79", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5pzmr-zgd79", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120920-071719722", "type": "article", "title": "Enhancing emission", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" } ], "abstract": "Andrei Faraon from Hewlett-Packard describes how he and his colleagues achieved an eightfold enhancement to the zero-phonon emission from single nitrogen\u2013vacancy centres in diamond.", "doi": "10.1038/nphoton.2011.69", "issn": "1749-4885", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Photonics", "publication_date": "2011-05", "series_number": "5", "volume": "5", "issue": "5", "pages": "314" }, { "id": "authors:9t09k-rrm96", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9t09k-rrm96", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200415-102055445", "type": "article", "title": "Reflective silicon binary diffraction grating for visible wavelengths", "author": [ { "family_name": "Peng", "given_name": "Zhen", "clpid": "Peng-Zhen" }, { "family_name": "Fattal", "given_name": "David A.", "clpid": "Fattal-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fiorentino", "given_name": "Marco", "clpid": "Fiorentino-M" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Jingjing", "clpid": "Li-Jingjing" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "abstract": "We introduce a device based on subwavelength resonant grating technology. Using a single lithography step we built a reflective binary grating that mimics the functionality of a blazed diffraction grating in a flat geometry. We have also demonstrated that efficient subwavelength resonant devices for visible wavelengths can be built using silicon.", "doi": "10.1364/ol.36.001515", "issn": "0146-9592", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Letters", "publication_date": "2011-04-15", "series_number": "8", "volume": "36", "issue": "8", "pages": "1515-1517" }, { "id": "authors:f5wqy-nh706", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "f5wqy-nh706", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-083814279", "type": "book_section", "title": "Properties of implanted and CVD incorporated nitrogen-vacancy centers: preferential charge state and preferential orientation", "book_title": "Advances in photonics of quantum computing, memory, and communication IV", "author": [ { "family_name": "Fu", "given_name": "K.-M. C.", "clpid": "Fu-Kai-Mei-C" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Santori-C" }, { "family_name": "Barclay", "given_name": "P. E.", "clpid": "Barclay-P-E" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Twitchen", "given_name": "D. J.", "clpid": "Twitchen-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Markham", "given_name": "M. L.", "clpid": "Markham-M-L" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "R. G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles M.", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" } ], "abstract": "The combination of the long electron state spin coherence time and the optical coupling of the ground electronic states to an excited state manifold makes the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond an attractive candidate for quantum information processing. To date the best spin and optical properties have been found in centers deep within the diamond crystal. For useful devices it will be necessary to engineer NVs with similar properties close to the diamond surface. We report on properties including charge state control and preferential orientation for near surface NVs formed either in CVD growth or through implantation and annealing.", "doi": "10.1117/12.876169", "isbn": "978-0-8194-8485-7", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2011-02-11", "pages": "Art. No. 79480S" }, { "id": "authors:pfktg-xtb91", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pfktg-xtb91", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-101612218", "type": "book_section", "title": "Modification of the spontaneous emission rate of\n nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond by coupling to plasmons", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication IV", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Jun", "given_name": "Young Chul", "clpid": "Jun-Young-Chul" }, { "family_name": "Barclay", "given_name": "Paul E.", "clpid": "Barclay-P-E" }, { "family_name": "Fu", "given_name": "Kai-Mei C.", "clpid": "Fu-Kai-Mei-C" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles M.", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" }, { "family_name": "Brongersma", "given_name": "Mark L.", "clpid": "Brongersma-M-L" }, { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zammer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Hwang", "clpid": "Lee-Hwang" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles M.", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" } ], "abstract": "Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond are widely studied both as a testbed for solid state quantum optics and for their applications in quantum information processing and magnetometry. Here we demonstrate coupling of the nitrogen-vacancy centers to gap plasmons in metal nano-slits. We use diamond samples where nitrogen-vacancy centers are implanted tens of nanometers under the surface. Silver nano-slits are patterned on the sample such that diamond ridges tens of nanometers wide fill the slit gap. We measure enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of the zero photon line by a factor of 3 at a temperature of 8K.", "doi": "10.1117/12.874221", "isbn": "978-0-8194-8485-7", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2011-02-11", "pages": "Art. No. 794814" }, { "id": "authors:vzb9v-79e55", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vzb9v-79e55", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-093008852", "type": "book_section", "title": "Devices and architectures for large scale integrated silicon\n photonics circuits", "book_title": "Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits XIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Beausoleil", "given_name": "Raymond G.", "clpid": "Beausoleil-R-G" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fattal", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Fattal-D" }, { "family_name": "Fiorentino", "given_name": "Marco", "clpid": "Fiorentino-M" }, { "family_name": "Peng", "given_name": "Zhen", "clpid": "Peng-Zhen" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles", "clpid": "Santori-C" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Eldada", "given_name": "Louay A.", "clpid": "Eldada-L-A" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "El-Hang", "clpid": "Lee-El-Hang" } ], "abstract": "We present DWDM nanophotonics architectures based on microring resonator modulators and detectors. We focus on two implementations: an on chip interconnect for multicore processor (Corona) and a high radix network switch (HyperX). Based on the requirements of these applications we discuss the key constraints on the photonic circuits' devices and fabrication techniques as well as strategies to improve their performance.", "doi": "10.1117/12.876807", "isbn": "978-0-81948-479-6", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2011-01-22", "pages": "Art. No. 794204" }, { "id": "authors:hjhmv-kj218", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hjhmv-kj218", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-102034528", "type": "article", "title": "Proposal for high-speed and high-fidelity electron-spin initialization in a negatively charged quantum dot coupled to a microcavity in a weak external magnetic field", "author": [ { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Ziliang", "clpid": "Lin-Ziliang" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We describe a proposal for fast electron-spin initialization in a negatively charged quantum dot coupled to a microcavity without the need for a strong magnetic field. We employ two-photon excitation to access trion states that are spin forbidden by one-photon excitation. Our simulation shows a maximum initialization speed of 1.3 GHz and maximum fidelity of 99.7% with realistic system parameters.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.82.022301", "issn": "1050-2947", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2010-08-02", "series_number": "2", "volume": "82", "issue": "2", "pages": "Art. No. 022301" }, { "id": "authors:4gcmt-x6v33", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4gcmt-x6v33", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-105204843", "type": "article", "title": "Linewidth broadening of a quantum dot coupled to an off-resonant cavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Erik D.", "clpid": "Kim-Erik-D" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Hyochul", "clpid": "Kim-Hyochul" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We study the coupling between a photonic crystal cavity and an off-resonant quantum dot under resonant excitation of the cavity or the quantum dot. Linewidths of the quantum dot and the cavity as a function of the excitation laser power are measured. We show that the linewidth of the quantum dot, measured by observing the cavity emission, is significantly broadened compared to the theoretical estimate. This indicates additional incoherent coupling between the quantum dot and the cavity.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevB.82.045306", "issn": "1098-0121", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review B", "publication_date": "2010-07-12", "series_number": "4", "volume": "82", "issue": "4", "pages": "Art. No. 045306" }, { "id": "authors:2e3bv-haa95", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2e3bv-haa95", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-090646362", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum and classical information processing with a single quantum dot in photonic crystal cavity", "book_title": "2010 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials", "author": [ { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Erik", "clpid": "Kim-Erik" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Hyochul", "clpid": "Kim-Hyochul" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "The experiments show that the coupled QD-cavity system is a promising candidate for probing CQED as well as for optical information processing. Our present work includes building of a three level system in a QD coupled to cavity, which is essential for construction of any quantum information processing devices.", "doi": "10.1109/ICIPRM.2010.5516293", "isbn": "978-1-4244-5919-3", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2010-05", "pages": "1-4" }, { "id": "authors:g14wv-rz364", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "g14wv-rz364", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120919-161559131", "type": "article", "title": "Theory of electro-optic modulation via a quantum dot coupled to a nano-resonator", "author": [ { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Manquest", "given_name": "Nicolas", "clpid": "Manquest-N" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "In this paper, we analyze the performance of an electro-optic modulator based on a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a nanoresonator, where electrical control of the quantum dot frequency is achieved\nvia quantum confined Stark effect. Using realistic system parameters, we show that modulation speeds of a few tens of GHz are achievable with this system, while the energy per switching operation can be as small as 0.5 fJ. In addition, we study the non-linear distortion, and the effect of pure\nquantum dot dephasing on the performance of the modulator.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.18.003974", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2010-03-01", "series_number": "5", "volume": "18", "issue": "5", "pages": "3974-3984" }, { "id": "authors:1nd4b-75433", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1nd4b-75433", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-100439224", "type": "article", "title": "Generation of nonclassical states of light via photon blockade in optical nanocavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "The generation of nonclassical states of light via photon blockade with time-modulated input is analyzed. We show that improved single-photon statistics can be obtained by adequately choosing the parameters of the driving laser pulses. An alternative method, where the system is driven via a continuous-wave laser and the frequency of the dipole is controlled (e.g., electrically) at very fast time scales is presented.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.81.033838", "issn": "1050-2947", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review A", "publication_date": "2010-03", "series_number": "3", "volume": "81", "issue": "3", "pages": "Art. No. 033838" }, { "id": "authors:4vj2p-qg345", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4vj2p-qg345", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-102511455", "type": "article", "title": "Resonant Excitation of a Quantum Dot Strongly Coupled to a Photonic Crystal Nanocavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Toishi", "given_name": "Mitsuru", "clpid": "Toishi-Mitsuru" }, { "family_name": "Stoltz", "given_name": "Nick", "clpid": "Stoltz-N" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We describe the resonant excitation of a single quantum dot that is strongly coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity. The cavity represents a spectral window for resonantly probing the optical transitions of the quantum dot. We observe narrow absorption lines attributed to the single and biexcition quantum dot transitions and measure antibunched population of the detuned cavity mode [g^(2)(0)=0.19].", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.073904", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2010-02-19", "series_number": "7", "volume": "104", "issue": "7", "pages": "Art. No. 073904" }, { "id": "authors:pdp1h-s6405", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pdp1h-s6405", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180628-161919664", "type": "book_section", "title": "Integrated photonic crystal networks with coupled quantum dots", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication III", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Ziliang", "clpid": "Lin-Ziliang" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Craig", "given_name": "Alan E.", "clpid": "Craig-A-E" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles M.", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" } ], "abstract": "Single InAs quantum dots can be used to control the transmission function of photonic crystal cavities, as we have already shown for systems that operate both in strong and weak coupling regime. Here we present our most recent work on devices where the cavity is connected in a micron-scale optical network via multiple photonic crystal waveguides terminated with input and output optical couplers. This architecture allows for multiple signal and control beams to be coupled simultaneously in the cavity via distinct ports. The devices are equipped with two input ports where the waveguides are terminated with input grating-couplers that allow for coupling into the waveguide from an out-of-plane direction. A third waveguide coupled to the cavity is terminated with a different kind of grating out-coupler that allows for improved directional scattering of the light transmitted through the cavity. We have already shown in previous experiments with a single cavity with coupled quantum dots, that this system acts as a highly nonlinear medium that enables all optical switching at powers down to the single photon level. In our most recent experiments we take significant steps towards demonstrating that this switching can be done in integrated structures, as needed for optical signal processing devices for both classical and quantum information science.", "doi": "10.1117/12.844003", "isbn": "9780819480071", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2010-02-18", "pages": "Art. No. 76110P" }, { "id": "authors:ajygf-gwf37", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ajygf-gwf37", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121002-104742744", "type": "book_section", "title": "Optimal pulse to generate non-classical photon states via photon blockade", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication III", "author": [ { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Craig", "given_name": "Alan E.", "clpid": "Craig-A-E" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles M.", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" } ], "abstract": "The single photon character of nonclassical states of light that can be generated using photon blockade is analyzed for time domain operation. We show that improved single photon statistics (single photon around 85% with a multi-photon of 8%) can be obtained by adequately choosing the parameters (mainly amplitude and pulse-duration) of the driving laser pulses. An alternative method, where the system is driven via a continuous wave laser and the frequency of the dipole is controlled (e.g. electrically) at very fast timescales is presented. We also show that this non-classical state performs better than a weak coherent pulse, when applied to BB84 quantum cryptography protocol.", "doi": "10.1117/12.844019", "isbn": "978-0-8194-8007-1", "publisher": "International Society for Optical Engineering", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2010-02-15", "pages": "Art. No. 76110Q" }, { "id": "authors:pedn4-cdx52", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "pedn4-cdx52", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120928-083503154", "type": "book_section", "title": "Optical manipulation of quantum dot excitons strongly coupled to photonic crystal cavities", "book_title": "Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication III", "author": [ { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Manquest", "given_name": "Nicolas", "clpid": "Manquest-N" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Hyochul", "clpid": "Kim-Hyochul" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Craig", "given_name": "Alan E.", "clpid": "Craig-A-E" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" }, { "family_name": "Santori", "given_name": "Charles M.", "clpid": "Santori-C-M" } ], "abstract": "In this paper, we review some recent cavity quantum electrodynamic (CQED) experiments with single quantum\ndot exciton coupled to photonic crystal cavities, performed in our group. We show how the coupled quantum-dot/cavity system can be used to modulate light with at a very fundamental level with very low power and\ndiscuss some applications of these low power modulators.", "doi": "10.1117/12.843372", "isbn": "978-0-8194-8007-1", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2010-02-08", "pages": "Art. No. 76110L" }, { "id": "authors:s1db9-pgj13", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "s1db9-pgj13", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-082746886", "type": "article", "title": "Fast Electrical Control of a Quantum Dot Strongly Coupled to a Photonic-Crystal Cavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Hyochul", "clpid": "Kim-Hyochul" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "The resonance frequency of an InAs quantum dot strongly coupled to a GaAs photonic-crystal cavity was electrically controlled via the quadratic quantum confined Stark effect. Stark shifts up to 0.3 meV were achieved using a lateral Schottky electrode that created a local depletion region at the location of the quantum dot. We report switching of a probe laser coherently coupled to the cavity up to speeds as high as 150 MHz, limited by the RC constant of the transmission line. The coupling strength g and the magnitude of the Stark shift with electric field were investigated while coherently probing the system.", "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.047402", "issn": "0031-9007", "publisher": "American Physical Society", "publication": "Physical Review Letters", "publication_date": "2010-01-29", "series_number": "4", "volume": "104", "issue": "4", "pages": "Art. No. 047402" }, { "id": "authors:8byjt-3ry78", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8byjt-3ry78", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120919-155408594", "type": "article", "title": "An optical modulator based on a single strongly coupled quantum dot - cavity system in a p-i-n junction", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Stoltz", "given_name": "Nick", "clpid": "Stoltz-N" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate an optical modulator based on a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. A vertical p-i-n junction is used to tune the quantum dot and thereby modulate the cavity transmission, with a measured instrument-limited response time of 13 ns. A modulator based on a single quantum dot promises operation at high bandwidth and low power.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.17.018651", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2009-10-12", "series_number": "21", "volume": "17", "issue": "21", "pages": "18651-18658" }, { "id": "authors:fkfqh-bty79", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "fkfqh-bty79", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-142528241", "type": "article", "title": "High-brightness single photon source from a quantum dot in a directional-emission nanocavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Toishi", "given_name": "Mitsuru", "clpid": "Toishi-Mitsuru" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We analyze a single photon source consisting of an InAs quantum dot coupled to a directional-emission photonic crystal (PC) cavity implemented in GaAs. On resonance, the dot's lifetime is reduced by more than 10 times, to 45ps. Compared to the standard three-hole defect cavity, the perturbed PC cavity design improves the collection efficiency into an objective lens (NA = 0.75) by factor 4.5, and improves the coupling efficiency of the collected light into a single mode fiber by factor 1.9. The emission frequency is determined by the cavity mode, which is antibunched to g^(2)(0) = 0.05. The cavity design also enables efficient coupling to a higher-order cavity mode for local optical excitation of cavity-coupled quantum dots.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.17.014618", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2009-08-17", "series_number": "17", "volume": "17", "issue": "17", "pages": "14618-14626" }, { "id": "authors:aj774-vyj06", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "aj774-vyj06", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-145639474", "type": "article", "title": "Local temperature control of photonic crystal devices via micron-scale electrical heaters", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate a method to locally control the temperature of photonic crystal devices via micron-scale electrical heaters. The method is used to control the resonant frequency of InAs quantum dots strongly coupled to GaAs photonic crystal resonators. This technique enables independent control of large ensembles of photonic devices located on the same chip at tuning speed as high as hundreds of kilohertz.", "doi": "10.1063/1.3189081", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2009-07-27", "series_number": "4", "volume": "95", "issue": "4", "pages": "Art. No. 043102" }, { "id": "authors:3vfjj-b5268", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3vfjj-b5268", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-145100431", "type": "book_section", "title": "Electrically controlled single quantum dot switching in photonic crystal resonators", "book_title": "2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "The reflectivity of a photonic crystal cavity is modified using a single coupled quantum dot. We demonstrate electrical modulation by controlling the state of the quantum dot using a lateral electric field.", "isbn": "978-1-4244-5184-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2009-06", "pages": "2311-2312" }, { "id": "authors:tk3hn-0ff85", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "tk3hn-0ff85", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-151028917", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultrafast all-optical switching with a single quantum dot", "book_title": "2009 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate all-optical switching based on a single quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. The quantum-dot mediated interaction between the signal and control beams occurs at the single-photon level.", "isbn": "978-1-4244-5184-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2009-06", "pages": "2082-2083" }, { "id": "authors:x7v4d-anc04", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x7v4d-anc04", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-084313198", "type": "book_section", "title": "Engineering anti-bunching via photon blockade in photonic crystal cavity-quantum dot systems", "book_title": "2009 Conference on Quantum electronics and Laser Science Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Methods to improve single photon generation via photon-blockade in a photonic-crystal cavity with a strongly coupled quantum-dot are presented. With realistic system parameters, significant improvement in second-order-auto-correlation g^2 (0) (from 0.93 to 0.79) is achieved.", "isbn": "978-1-4244-5184-5", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2009-06", "pages": "1-2" }, { "id": "authors:mvb4n-yw298", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "mvb4n-yw298", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120919-094906949", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum dots in photonic crystals: from single photon sources to single photon nonlinear optics", "book_title": "Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XVII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Majumdar", "given_name": "Arka", "clpid": "Majumdar-A" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Osinski", "given_name": "Marek", "clpid": "Osinski-M" }, { "family_name": "Wtizigmann", "given_name": "Bernd", "clpid": "Wtizigmann-B" }, { "family_name": "Henneberger", "given_name": "Fritz", "clpid": "Henneberger-F" }, { "family_name": "Arakawa", "given_name": "Yasuhiko", "clpid": "Arakawa-Yasuhiko" } ], "abstract": "A quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal resonator is used to investigate cavity quantum electro- dynamics phenomena in solid state physics. Nonlinear optical phenomena such as photon blockade and photon induced tunneling are observed in this system. The nonlinearity of this system is sensitive to intra-cavity photon numbers close to unity, and it has been used to demonstrate conditional phase shifts of 28\u00b0 at a single photon level and a second order auto-correlation of g^2(0) = 0.9 in the photon blockade regime.", "doi": "10.1117/12.816153", "isbn": "978-0-8194-7457-5", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2009-02-24", "pages": "Art. No. 72110D" }, { "id": "authors:x0w8x-bxg68", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "x0w8x-bxg68", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-111103930", "type": "book_section", "title": "Photon blockade in a photonic crystal cavity with a strongly coupled quantum dot", "book_title": "Advanced Optical Concepts in Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication II", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Craig", "given_name": "Alan E.", "clpid": "Craig-A-E" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" } ], "abstract": "The strong coupling regime between a single emitter and the mode of an optical resonator allows for nonlinear optics phenomena at extremely low light intensities. Down to the single photon level, extreme nonlinearities can be observed, where the presence of a single photon inside the resonator either blocks or enhances the probability of subsequent photons entering the resonator. In this paper we experimentally show the existence of these phenomena, named photon blockade and photon induced tunneling, in a solid state system composed of a photonic crystal cavity with a strongly coupled quantum dot.", "doi": "10.1117/12.809430", "isbn": "978-0-8194-7471-1", "publisher": "International Society for Optical Engineering", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2009-02-02", "pages": "Art. No. 72250D" }, { "id": "authors:vgttt-vy712", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vgttt-vy712", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121003-074640228", "type": "book_section", "title": "Single photon nonlinear optics in photonic crystals", "book_title": "Advanced Optical Concepts in Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication II", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Craig", "given_name": "Alan Ellsworth", "clpid": "Craig-A-E" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" } ], "abstract": "We coherently probe a quantum dot that is strongly coupled to a photonic crystal nano-cavity by scattering of a resonant laser beam. The coupled system's response is highly nonlinear as the quantum dot saturates with nearly one photon per cavity lifetime. This system enables large amplitude and phase shifts of a signal beam via a control beam, both at single photon levels. We demonstrate photon-photon interactions with short pulses in a system that is promising for ultra-low power switches and two-qubit quantum gates.", "doi": "10.1117/12.809305", "isbn": "978-0-8194-7471-1", "publisher": "International Society for Optical Engineering", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2009-02-02", "pages": "Art. No. 72250F" }, { "id": "authors:1t7m7-bnq55", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1t7m7-bnq55", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-103114052", "type": "article", "title": "Quantum dots in photonic crystals: From quantum information processing to single photon nonlinear optics", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Quantum dots in photonic crystals are interesting both as a testbed for fundamental cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) experiments and as a platform for quantum and classical information processing. We describe a technique to coherently access the QD-cavity system by resonant light scattering. Among other things, the coherent access enables a giant optical nonlinearity associated with the saturation of a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. We explore this nonlinearity to implement controlled phase and amplitude modulation between two modes of light at the single photon level\u2014a nonlinearity observed so far only in atomic physics systems. We also measured the photon statistics of the reflected beam at various detunings with the QD/cavity system. These measurements reveal effects such as photon blockade and photon-induced tunneling, for the first time in solid state. These demonstrations lie at the core of a number of proposals for quantum information processing, and could also be employed to build novel devices, such as optical switches controlled at the single photon level.", "doi": "10.1016/j.photonics.2008.11.008", "issn": "1569-4410", "publisher": "Elsevier", "publication": "Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications", "publication_date": "2009-02", "series_number": "1", "volume": "7", "issue": "1", "pages": "56-62" }, { "id": "authors:6hx1j-acw86", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6hx1j-acw86", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-134150381", "type": "article", "title": "Coherent generation of non-classical light on a chip via photon-induced tunnelling and blockade", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Stoltz", "given_name": "Nick", "clpid": "Stoltz-N" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Quantum dots in photonic crystals are interesting because of their potential in quantum information processing and as a testbed for cavity quantum electrodynamics. Recent advances in controlling and coherent probing of such systems open the possibility of realizing quantum networks originally proposed for atomic systems. Here, we demonstrate that non-classical states of light can be coherently generated using a quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal resonator. We show that the capture of a single photon into the cavity affects the probability that a second photon is admitted. This probability drops when the probe is positioned at one of the two energy eigenstates corresponding to the vacuum Rabi splitting, a phenomenon known as photon blockade, the signature of which is photon antibunching. In addition, we show that when the probe is positioned between the two eigenstates, the probability of admitting subsequent photons increases, resulting in photon bunching. We call this process photon-induced tunnelling. This system represents an ultimate limit for solid-state nonlinear optics at the single-photon level. Along with demonstrating the generation of non-classical photon states, we propose an implementation of a single-photon transistor in this system.", "doi": "10.1038/nphys1078", "issn": "1745-2473", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature Physics", "publication_date": "2008-11", "series_number": "11", "volume": "4", "issue": "11", "pages": "859-863" }, { "id": "authors:hfzcv-s3q75", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hfzcv-s3q75", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120918-102228377", "type": "book_section", "title": "Photonic crystal chips for optical communications and quantum information processing", "book_title": "Active photonic crystals II", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englud", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Ellis", "given_name": "Bryan", "clpid": "Ellis-B" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Weiss", "given_name": "Sharon M.", "clpid": "Weiss-S-M" }, { "family_name": "Subramania", "given_name": "Ganapathi S.", "clpid": "Subramania-G-S" }, { "family_name": "Garc\u00eda-Santamar\u00eda", "given_name": "Florencio", "clpid": "Garc\u00eda-Santamar\u00eda-F" } ], "abstract": "We discuss recent our recent progress on functional photonic crystals devices and circuits for classical and quantum information processing. For classical applications, we have demonstrated a room-temperature-operated, low threshold, nanocavity laser with pulse width in the picosecond regime; and an all-optical switch controlled with 60 fJ pulses that shows switching time on the order of tens of picoseconds. For quantum information processing, we discuss the promise of quantum networks on multifunctional photonic crystals chips. We also discuss a new coherent probing technique of quantum dots coupled to photonic crystal nanocavities and demonstrate amplitude and phase nonlinearities realized with control beams at the single photon level.", "doi": "10.1117/12.796817", "isbn": "978-0-8194-7251-9", "publisher": "International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, Washington", "publication_date": "2008-08-29", "pages": "Art. No. 70310C" }, { "id": "authors:gktj6-3gk23", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "gktj6-3gk23", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-145535463", "type": "article", "title": "Gallium phosphide photonic crystal nanocavities in the visible", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rivoire", "given_name": "Kelley", "clpid": "Rivoire-K" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vuckovic", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Photonic crystal nanocavities at visible wavelengths are fabricated in a high refractive index (n>3.2) gallium phosphide membrane. The cavities are probed via a cross-polarized reflectivity measurement and show resonances at wavelengths as low as 645 nm at room temperature, with quality factors between 500 and 1700 for modes with volumes 0.7(\u03bb/n)^3. These structures could be employed for submicron scale optoelectronic devices in the visible, and for coupling to emitters with resonances in the visible such as nitrogen vacancy centers, and biomolecules and organic molecules.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2971200", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2008-08-11", "series_number": "6", "volume": "93", "issue": "6", "pages": "Art. No. 063103" }, { "id": "authors:a5gq5-yrz97", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "a5gq5-yrz97", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-132134953", "type": "article", "title": "Dipole induced transparency in waveguide coupled photonic crystal cavities", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Stoltz", "given_name": "Nick", "clpid": "Stoltz-N" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We demonstrate dipole induced transparency in an integrated photonic crystal device. We show that a single weakly coupled quantum dot can control the transmission of photons through a photonic crystal cavity that is coupled to waveguides on the chip. Control over the quantum dot and cavity resonance via local temperature tuning, as well as efficient out-coupling with an integrated grating structure is demonstrated.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.16.012154", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2008-08-04", "series_number": "16", "volume": "16", "issue": "16", "pages": "12154-12162" }, { "id": "authors:wqzfg-atw78", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wqzfg-atw78", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-154245452", "type": "article", "title": "Probing the interaction between a single quantum dot and a photonic crystal cavity", "author": [ { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "This article reviews our recent work on the development of nanophotonic devices for quantum information processing. We have developed a temperature tuning technique, that allows us to independently tune photonic crystal cavities and quantum dots on the same chip. The high quality factor to mode volume ratio of such cavities leads to a strong interaction between the cavity and the quantum dot. The cavity modifies the quantum dot lifetime, which, in turn, modifies the transmission properties of the cavity.\nWe observe that the resonant nonlinearity of the quantum dot is greatly enhanced by the recirculation of light, and leads to a giant optical nonlinearity, where single photons are able to saturate the quantum dot and modify the transmission function of the cavity. Along with these results, we review the experimental developments, which have led to the realization of the experiment.", "doi": "10.1002/pssc.200779289", "issn": "1610-1634", "publisher": "Wiley", "publication": "Physica Status Solidi C", "publication_date": "2008-07", "series_number": "9", "volume": "5", "issue": "9", "pages": "2808-2815" }, { "id": "authors:7xnzn-erk30", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "7xnzn-erk30", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120918-073412633", "type": "article", "title": "Controlled Phase Shifts with a Single Quantum Dot", "author": [ { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Stoltz", "given_name": "Nick", "clpid": "Stoltz-N" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Optical nonlinearities enable photon-photon interaction and lie at the heart of several proposals for quantum information processing, quantum nondemolition measurements of photons, and optical signal processing. To date, the largest nonlinearities have been realized with single atoms and atomic ensembles. We show that a single quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity can facilitate controlled phase and amplitude modulation between two modes of light at the single-photon level. At larger control powers, we observed phase shifts up to \u03c0/4 and amplitude modulation up to 50%. This was accomplished by varying the photon number in the control beam at a wavelength that was the same as that of the signal, or at a wavelength that was detuned by several quantum dot linewidths from the signal. Our results present a step toward quantum logic devices and quantum nondemolition measurements on a chip.", "doi": "10.1126/science.1154643", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "2008-05-09", "series_number": "5877", "volume": "320", "issue": "5877", "pages": "769-772" }, { "id": "authors:w45f6-t9g48", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "w45f6-t9g48", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-132735834", "type": "book_section", "title": "Local tuning of photonic crystal cavities using chalcogenide glasses", "book_title": "2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Bulla", "given_name": "Douglas", "clpid": "Bulla-D" }, { "family_name": "Luther-Davies", "given_name": "Barry", "clpid": "Luther-Davies-B" }, { "family_name": "Eggleton", "given_name": "Benjamin J.", "clpid": "Eggleton-B-J" }, { "family_name": "Stoltz", "given_name": "Nick", "clpid": "Stoltz-N" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We developed a method to locally tune refractive index in photonic crystals. The technique, based\non photodarkening of chalcogenide glasses, enables 3nm resonance tuning of GaAs photonic crystal\ncavities operating at 940nm.", "isbn": "978-1-55752-859-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2008-05", "pages": "851-852" }, { "id": "authors:4xhgm-b8941", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4xhgm-b8941", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-142642119", "type": "book_section", "title": "Coherent probing and saturation of a strongly coupled quantum dot", "book_title": "2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We coherently probe a quantum dot, strongly coupled to a photonic crystal nano-cavity, using a resonant laser beam. At higher pump power, the coupled systempsilas response becomes highly nonlinear. This coherent probing method has applications for classical and quantum information processing.", "isbn": "978-1-55752-859-9", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2008-05", "pages": "3637-3638" }, { "id": "authors:4exj8-gt925", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "4exj8-gt925", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20121009-133208489", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ultrafast photonic crystal nanocavity lasers and, optical switches", "book_title": "Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XVI", "author": [ { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Altug", "given_name": "Hatice", "clpid": "Altug-H" }, { "family_name": "Ellis", "given_name": "Bryan", "clpid": "Ellis-B" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Osi\u0144ski", "given_name": "Marek", "clpid": "Osi\u0144ski-M" }, { "family_name": "Henneberger", "given_name": "Fritz", "clpid": "Henneberger-F" }, { "family_name": "Edamatsu", "given_name": "Keiichi", "clpid": "Edamatsu-Keiichi" } ], "abstract": "We have recently demonstrated an ultrafast photonic crystal laser and cavity coupled laser array with modulation rates of 1THz at room temperature, a 20 GHz optical modulator with activation energies of 60 fJ and a quantum dot photonic crystal laser with large signal modulation rates of 30GHz. These devices are enabled by the enhanced light-matter interaction in photonic crystals, and serve as the building blocks of on-optical information processing circuits.", "doi": "10.1117/12.784422", "isbn": "978-0-8194-7064-5", "publisher": "International Society for Optical Engineering", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2008-02-22", "pages": "Art. No. 688910" }, { "id": "authors:6svqr-cvd13", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6svqr-cvd13", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-103159130", "type": "book_section", "title": "Quantum dot-photonic crystal chips for quantum information processing", "book_title": "Advanced Optical Concepts in Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Sih", "given_name": "Vanessa", "clpid": "Sih-Vanessa" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Hasan", "given_name": "Zameer U.", "clpid": "Hasan-Z-U" }, { "family_name": "Craig", "given_name": "Alan E.", "clpid": "Craig-A-E" }, { "family_name": "Hemmer", "given_name": "Philip R.", "clpid": "Hemmer-P-R" } ], "abstract": "We have recently developed a technique for local, reversible tuning of individual quantum dots on a photonic crystal chip by up to 1.8nm, which overcomes the problem of large quantum dot inhomogeneous broadening - usually considered the main obstacle in employing such platform in practical quantum information processing systems. We have then used this technique to tune single quantum dots into strong coupling with a photonic crystal cavity, and observed strong coupling both in photoluminescence and in resonant light scattering from the system, as needed for several proposals for scalable quantum information networks and quantum computation.", "doi": "10.1117/12.772310", "isbn": "978-0-8194-7078-2", "publisher": "International Society for Optical Engineering", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2008-01-29", "pages": "Art. No. 609309" }, { "id": "authors:j22tx-rzr03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "j22tx-rzr03", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120919-104757080", "type": "book_section", "title": "Photonic crystal chips for optical interconnects and quantum information processing", "book_title": "Conference on Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices VII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Ellis", "given_name": "Bryan", "clpid": "Ellis-B" }, { "family_name": "Altug", "given_name": "Hatice", "clpid": "Altug-H" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Adibi", "given_name": "Ali", "clpid": "Adibi-A" }, { "family_name": "Lin", "given_name": "Shawn-Yu", "clpid": "Lin-Shawn-Yu" }, { "family_name": "Scherer", "given_name": "Axel", "clpid": "Scherer-A" } ], "abstract": "We have recently demonstrated a number of functional photonic crystals devices and circuits, including an ultrafast, room temperature, low threshold, nanocavity laser with the direct modulation speed approaching 1 THz, an all-optical switch controlled with 60 fJ pulses and with the speed exceeding 200Hz, and a local, reversible tuning of individual quantum dots on a photonic crystal chip by up to 1.8nm, which was then used to tune single quantum dots into strong coupling with a photonic crystal cavity and to achieve a giant optical nonlinearity.", "doi": "10.1117/12.774680", "isbn": "978-0-8194-7076-8", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2008-01-19", "pages": "Art. No. 69010G" }, { "id": "authors:nkgvc-9gg06", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nkgvc-9gg06", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120918-111830130", "type": "article", "title": "Controlling cavity reflectivity with a single quantum dot", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Stoltz", "given_name": "Nick", "clpid": "Stoltz-N" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems offer a robust and scalable platform for quantum optics experiments and the development of quantum information processing devices. In particular, systems based on photonic crystal nanocavities and semiconductor quantum dots have seen rapid progress. Recent experiments have allowed the observation of weak and strong coupling regimes of interaction between the photonic crystal cavity and a single quantum dot in photoluminescence. In the weak coupling regime, the quantum dot radiative lifetime is modified; in the strong coupling regime, the coupled quantum dot also modifies the cavity spectrum. Several proposals for scalable quantum information networks and quantum computation rely on direct probing of the cavity\u2013quantum dot coupling, by means of resonant light scattering from strongly or weakly coupled quantum dots. Such experiments have recently been performed in atomic systems and superconducting circuit QED systems, but not in solid-state quantum dot\u2013cavity QED systems. Here we present experimental evidence that this interaction can be probed in solid-state systems, and show that, as expected from theory, the quantum dot strongly modifies the cavity transmission and reflection spectra. We show that when the quantum dot is coupled to the cavity, photons that are resonant with its transition are prohibited from entering the cavity. We observe this effect as the quantum dot is tuned through the cavity and the coupling strength between them changes. At high intensity of the probe beam, we observe rapid saturation of the transmission dip. These measurements provide both a method for probing the cavity\u2013quantum dot system and a step towards the realization of quantum devices based on coherent light scattering and large optical nonlinearities from quantum dots in photonic crystal cavities.", "doi": "10.1038/nature06234", "issn": "0028-0836", "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group", "publication": "Nature", "publication_date": "2007-12-06", "series_number": "7171", "volume": "450", "issue": "7171", "pages": "857-861" }, { "id": "authors:n305x-3cd02", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n305x-3cd02", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-152130403", "type": "article", "title": "Local quantum dot tuning on photonic crystal chips", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" }, { "family_name": "Stoltz", "given_name": "Nick", "clpid": "Stoltz-N" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" } ], "abstract": "Quantum networks based on InAs quantum dots embedded in photonic crystal devices rely on quantum dots being in resonance with each other and with the cavities they are embedded in. The authors developed a technique based on temperature tuning to spectrally align different quantum dots located on the same chip. The technique allows for up to 1.8\u2004nm reversible on-chip quantum dot tuning.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2742789", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2007-05-21", "series_number": "21", "volume": "90", "issue": "21", "pages": "Art. No. 213110" }, { "id": "authors:6rmkv-62n63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6rmkv-62n63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-132118525", "type": "book_section", "title": "Local On-Chip Temperature Tuning of InGaAs Quantum Dots", "book_title": "2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" }, { "family_name": "Stoltz", "given_name": "Nick", "clpid": "Stoltz-N" }, { "family_name": "Petroff", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Petroff-P" } ], "abstract": "Quantum network based on InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) rely on QDs being in resonance with each other. We developed a new technique based on temperature tuning to spectrally align QDs located on the same chip.", "doi": "10.1109/CLEO.2007.4453202", "isbn": "978-1-55752-834-6", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2007-05", "pages": "1023-1024" }, { "id": "authors:zdzc3-mmt63", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zdzc3-mmt63", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-103054587", "type": "article", "title": "Generation and transfer of single photons on a photonic crystal chip", "author": [ { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Zhang", "given_name": "Bingyang", "clpid": "Zhang-Bingyang" }, { "family_name": "Yamamoto", "given_name": "Yoshihisa", "orcid": "0000-0002-4150-6804", "clpid": "Yamamoto-Yoshihisa" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "We present a basic building block of a quantum network consisting of a quantum dot coupled to a source cavity, which in turn is coupled to a target cavity via a waveguide. The single photon emission from the high-Q/V source cavity is characterized by twelve-fold spontaneous emission (SE) rate enhancement, SE coupling efficiency \u03b2 \u223c 0.98 into the source cavity mode, and mean wavepacket indistinguishability of \u223c67%. Single photons are efficiently transferred into the target cavity via the waveguide, with a target/source field intensity ratio of 0.12 \u00b1 0.01. This system shows great promise as a building block of future on-chip quantum information processing systems.", "doi": "10.1364/OE.15.005550", "issn": "1094-4087", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "publication": "Optics Express", "publication_date": "2007-04-30", "series_number": "9", "volume": "15", "issue": "9", "pages": "5550-5558" }, { "id": "authors:j83sc-h5d44", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "j83sc-h5d44", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120914-145608699", "type": "article", "title": "Efficient photonic crystal cavity-waveguide couplers", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Waks", "given_name": "Edo", "clpid": "Waks-E" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Coupling of photonic crystal (PC) linear three-hole defect cavities to PC waveguides is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The systems are designed to increase the overlap between the evanescent cavity field and the waveguide mode and to operate in the linear dispersion region of the waveguide. The simulations indicate increased coupling when the cavity is tilted by 60\u00b0 with respect to the waveguide axis, which was also confirmed by experiments. Up to 90% coupling efficiency into the waveguide was obtained.", "doi": "10.1063/1.2472534", "issn": "0003-6951", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "publication": "Applied Physics Letters", "publication_date": "2007-02-12", "series_number": "7", "volume": "90", "issue": "7", "pages": "Art. No. 073102" }, { "id": "authors:ktqfb-z4k37", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ktqfb-z4k37", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-080732633", "type": "book_section", "title": "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Efficient Photonic Crystal Cavity-Waveguide Couplers", "book_title": "2006 IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings", "author": [ { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Waks", "given_name": "Edo", "clpid": "Waks-E" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" } ], "abstract": "Coupling of photonic crystal (PC) linear three-hole defect cavities to PC waveguides is theoretically and experimentally investigated. An improved coupling is obtained by tilting the cavity axis by 60\u00b0 with respect to the waveguide direction.", "doi": "10.1109/LEOS.2006.279048", "isbn": "978-0-7803-9555-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2006-10", "pages": "837-838" }, { "id": "authors:qa4vw-kkn26", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qa4vw-kkn26", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120917-073942281", "type": "book_section", "title": "Photonic Crystal Microcavities for Classical and Quantum Information Processing", "book_title": "Proceedings of 2006 8th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks", "author": [ { "family_name": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107", "given_name": "Jelena", "clpid": "Vu\u010dkovi\u0107-J" }, { "family_name": "Altug", "given_name": "Hatice", "clpid": "Altug-H" }, { "family_name": "Englund", "given_name": "Dirk", "orcid": "0000-0002-1043-3489", "clpid": "Englund-D" }, { "family_name": "Faraon", "given_name": "Andrei", "orcid": "0000-0002-8141-391X", "clpid": "Faraon-A" }, { "family_name": "Fushman", "given_name": "Ilya", "clpid": "Fushman-I" }, { "family_name": "Waks", "given_name": "Edo", "clpid": "Waks-E" } ], "abstract": "Photonic crystal (PC) cavities enable localization of light into volumes (V) below a cubic optical wavelength (smaller than any other types of optical resonators) with high quality (Q) factors. This permits a strong interaction of light and matter, which is relevant for construction of classical light sources with improved properties (e.g., low threshold lasers) and of nonclassical light sources (such as single and entangled photon sources), which are crucial pieces of hardware of quantum information processing systems. This talk will cover some of our recent experimental results on quantum and classical devices enabled by such interaction, as well as our work on designing such devices and circuits efficiently. We have demonstrated a spontaneous emission rate enhancement by a factor of 8 and suppression by a factor of 5 for a single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) embedded in a GaAs photonic crystal cavity and on- and off-resonance with the cavity mode, respectively. A strong localization of optical field in such a nanocavity (experimental Q-factor of 5000 and mode volume below a cubic optical wavelength) with a quantum dot embedded inside is of importance for building single photon sources with improved efficiency, photon indistinguishability, and repetition rate. We have demonstrated a single photon source on demand based on the pulsed excitation of a single quantum dot in such a nanocavity, with pulse duration between 200 ps and 8 ns and with a small multi-photon probability (as small as 5% compared to an attenuated laser of the same intensity). In addition, we have shown that colloidal PbS quantum dots coupled to AlGaAs photonic crystal cavities can be used as an alternative to self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots for construction of cheap and reusable quantum and classical light emitters. We have also demonstrated an improved classical light source-laser, based on coupling of a large number (81) of photonic crystal nanocavities inside a two dimension- - al array. Such a laser exhibits a low lasing threshold (~2.5 mW), operates in a single mode, produces large output powers (greater than 12 muW, which two orders of magnitude larger than a single nanocavity laser), and can be directly modulated as speeds greater than 100 GHz. An inverse problem approach to designing photonic crystal cavities that we have developed enables their rapid optimization in a single step, thereby reducing the cavity optimization time from weeks to hours. We are also pursuing theoretical and experimental work on integration of a number of photonic crystal components (cavities and waveguides) into functional circuits for classical and quantum information processing, including nontrivial two-qubit quantum gates.", "doi": "10.1109/ICTON.2006.248243", "isbn": "1-4244-0235-2", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway NJ", "publication_date": "2006-06", "pages": "75-76" } ]