[ { "id": "authors:zc428-czc53", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "zc428-czc53", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230526-663022000.18", "type": "book_section", "title": "Performance and Early Results from the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) Imaging Spectroscopy Mission", "book_title": "2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Green", "given_name": "Robert O.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9447-3076", "clpid": "Green-Robert-O" }, { "family_name": "Mahowald", "given_name": "Natalie", "orcid": "0000-0002-2873-997X" }, { "family_name": "Thompson", "given_name": "David R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1100-7550", "clpid": "Thompson-David-R" }, { "family_name": "Ung", "given_name": "Charlene", "clpid": "Ung-Charlene" }, { "family_name": "Brodrick", "given_name": "Phil", "orcid": "0000-0001-9497-7661", "clpid": "Brodrick-Philip-G" }, { "family_name": "Pollock", "given_name": "Randy", "orcid": "0000-0002-7206-3989", "clpid": "Pollock-Randy-H" }, { "family_name": "Bennett", "given_name": "Matthew", "clpid": "Bennett-Matthew" }, { "family_name": "Lundeen", "given_name": "Sarah", "clpid": "Lundeen-Sarah" }, { "family_name": "Joyce", "given_name": "Michael", "clpid": "Joyce-Michael" }, { "family_name": "Olson-Duvall", "given_name": "Winston", "orcid": "0000-0002-4210-0283", "clpid": "Olson-Duvall-Winston" }, { "family_name": "Oaida", "given_name": "Bogdan", "clpid": "Oaida-Bogdan" }, { "family_name": "Bradley", "given_name": "Christine", "orcid": "0000-0002-3551-7996", "clpid": "Bradley-Christine" }, { "family_name": "Diaz", "given_name": "Ernesto", "clpid": "Diaz-Ernesto" }, { "family_name": "Clark", "given_name": "Roger", "orcid": "0000-0002-7021-1220" }, { "family_name": "Vannan", "given_name": "Suresh", "clpid": "Vannan-Suresh" }, { "family_name": "Swayze", "given_name": "Gregg", "orcid": "0000-0002-1814-7823" }, { "family_name": "Kokaly", "given_name": "Ray", "orcid": "0000-0003-0276-7101" }, { "family_name": "Ginoux", "given_name": "Paul", "orcid": "0000-0003-3642-2988" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Ron", "orcid": "0000-0003-2122-0443" }, { "family_name": "Okin", "given_name": "Gregory", "orcid": "0000-0002-0484-3537" }, { "family_name": "Perez Garcia-Pando", "given_name": "Carlos", "orcid": "0000-0002-4456-0697" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" }, { "family_name": "Kalashnikova", "given_name": "Olga", "orcid": "0000-0002-1330-1529", "clpid": "Kalashnikova-Olga" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Thomas H.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7963-5812" }, { "family_name": "Realmuto", "given_name": "Vincent", "orcid": "0000-0003-4086-1430", "clpid": "Realmuto-Vincent" }, { "family_name": "Chadwick", "given_name": "Dana", "orcid": "0000-0002-5633-4865", "clpid": "Chadwick-Dana" }, { "family_name": "Ben-Dor", "given_name": "Eyal", "orcid": "0000-0001-6757-3530" }, { "family_name": "Heller Pearlshtien", "given_name": "Daniela", "orcid": "0000-0001-8236-047X" }, { "family_name": "Guanter", "given_name": "Luis", "orcid": "0000-0002-8389-5764" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "Benjamin" }, { "family_name": "Reath", "given_name": "Kevin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1843-8046" }, { "family_name": "Thorpe", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-7968-5433", "clpid": "Thorpe-Andrew-K" }, { "family_name": "Shaw", "given_name": "Lucas", "clpid": "Shaw-Lucas" }, { "family_name": "Keebler", "given_name": "Abigail", "clpid": "Keebler-Abigail" }, { "family_name": "Ochoa", "given_name": "Francisco", "orcid": "0000-0003-3363-2496" }, { "family_name": "Grant", "given_name": "Kathleen", "orcid": "0000-0002-0219-1758" }, { "family_name": "Sen", "given_name": "Amit", "clpid": "Sen-Amit" }, { "family_name": "Duren", "given_name": "Riley", "orcid": "0000-0003-4723-5280", "clpid": "Duren-Riley-M" }, { "family_name": "Obiso", "given_name": "Vincenzo", "orcid": "0000-0003-4272-4405" }, { "family_name": "Gon\u00e7alves-Ageitos", "given_name": "Maria", "orcid": "0000-0003-3857-6403" }, { "family_name": "Huang", "given_name": "Yue", "orcid": "0000-0002-7818-8432" } ], "abstract": "The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) acquires new observations of the Earth from a state-of-the-art, optically fast F/1.8 visible to short wavelength infrared imaging spectrometer with high signal-to-noise ratio and excellent spectroscopic uniformity. EMIT was launched to the International Space Station from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on July 14, 2022 local time. The EMIT instrument is the latest in a series of more than 30 imaging spectrometers and testbeds developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, beginning with the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer that first flew in 1982. EMIT's science objectives use the spectral signatures of minerals observed across the Earth's arid and semi-arid lands containing dust sources to update the soil composition of advanced Earth System Models (ESMs) to better understand and reduce uncertainties in mineral dust aerosol radiative forcing at the local, regional, and global scale, now and in the future. EMIT has begun to collect and deliver high-quality mineral composition determinations for the arid land regions of our planet. Over 1 billion high-quality mineral determinations are expected over the course of the one-year nominal science mission. Currently, detailed knowledge of the composition of the Earth's mineral dust source regions is uncertain and traced to less than 5,000 surface sample mineralogical analyses. The development of the EMIT imaging spectrometer instrumentation was completed successfully, despite the severe impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The EMIT Science Data System is complete and running with the full set of algorithms required. These tested algorithms are open source and will be made available to the broader community. These include calibration to measured radiance, atmospheric correction to surface reflectance, mineral composition determination, aggregation to ESM resolution, and ESM runs to address the science objectives. In this paper, the instrument characteristics, ground calibration, in-orbit performance, and early science results are reported.", "doi": "10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115851", "isbn": "978-1-6654-9032-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2023-03", "pages": "1-10" }, { "id": "authors:cwdx6-13v78", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cwdx6-13v78", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220418-118255300", "type": "book_section", "title": "Ammonia on Ceres", "book_title": "Vesta and Ceres: Insights from the Dawn Mission for the Origin of the Solar System", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ammannito", "given_name": "Eleonora", "orcid": "0000-0001-6671-2690", "clpid": "Ammannito-Eleonora" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Marchi", "given_name": "Simone", "orcid": "0000-0003-2548-3291", "clpid": "Marchi-Simone" }, { "family_name": "Raymond", "given_name": "Carol A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4213-8097", "clpid": "Raymond-Carol-A" }, { "family_name": "Russell", "given_name": "Christopher T.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1639-8298", "clpid": "Russell-Christopher-T" } ], "abstract": "Even before the arrival of the Dawn spacecraft, Ceres attracted attention due to its infrared spectral properties, which were distinct from most other asteroids (see Chapter 1). First speculated based on telescopic data (King et al., Reference King, Clark, Calvin, Sherman and Brown1992), subsequent data from the Dawn spacecraft confirmed the presence of ammonium on Ceres. Ammonium has been identified within near-ubiquitous dark materials, and in salts in a few localized bright faculae in the interiors of craters, as we describe further in this chapter (De Sanctis et al., Reference De Sanctis, Frigeri and Ammannito2015, Reference De Sanctis, Raponi and Ammannito2016; Ammannito et al., Reference Ammannito, DeSanctis and Ciarniello2016; Raponi et al., Reference Raponi, De Sanctis and Carrozzo2019; see also Chapter 7).", "doi": "10.1017/9781108856324.012", "isbn": "9781108856324", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place_of_publication": "Cambridge", "publication_date": "2022-04-01", "pages": "134-142" }, { "id": "authors:jwj23-1xh07", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "jwj23-1xh07", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220811-935540000", "type": "book_section", "title": "NASA's Lunar Trailblazer Mission: A Pioneering Small Satellite for Lunar Water and Lunar Geology", "book_title": "2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" }, { "family_name": "Klima", "given_name": "Rachel L." }, { "family_name": "Seybold", "given_name": "Calina C.", "clpid": "Seybold-Calina-C" }, { "family_name": "Klesh", "given_name": "Andrew T.", "clpid": "Klesh-Andrew-T" }, { "family_name": "Au", "given_name": "Mitchell H.", "clpid": "Au-Mitchell-H" }, { "family_name": "Bender", "given_name": "Holly A.", "clpid": "Bender-Holly-A" }, { "family_name": "Bennett", "given_name": "C. Lee", "clpid": "Bennett-C-Lee" }, { "family_name": "Blaney", "given_name": "Diana L.", "clpid": "Blaney-Diana-L" }, { "family_name": "Bowles", "given_name": "Neil" }, { "family_name": "Calcutt", "given_name": "Simon" }, { "family_name": "Copley-Woods", "given_name": "Djuna", "clpid": "Copley-Woods-Djuna" }, { "family_name": "Dickson", "given_name": "James L.", "clpid": "Dickson-James-L" }, { "family_name": "Djotni", "given_name": "Karim" }, { "family_name": "Donaldson Hanna", "given_name": "Kerri" }, { "family_name": "Edwards", "given_name": "Christopher S." }, { "family_name": "Evans", "given_name": "Rory" }, { "family_name": "Felder", "given_name": "Emily" }, { "family_name": "Fogg", "given_name": "Robert", "clpid": "Fogg-Robert" }, { "family_name": "Green", "given_name": "Robert O.", "clpid": "Green-Robert-O" }, { "family_name": "Hawkins", "given_name": "Gary" }, { "family_name": "House", "given_name": "Martha" }, { "family_name": "Islas", "given_name": "Samuel", "clpid": "Islas-Samuel" }, { "family_name": "Lantoine", "given_name": "Gregory", "clpid": "Lantoine-Gregory" }, { "family_name": "Linch", "given_name": "Sue" }, { "family_name": "McCaa", "given_name": "Thomas" }, { "family_name": "McKinley", "given_name": "Ian", "clpid": "McKinley-Ian" }, { "family_name": "Merkley", "given_name": "Trevor F." }, { "family_name": "Miura", "given_name": "Jasper K.", "clpid": "Miura-Jasper-K" }, { "family_name": "Pieters", "given_name": "Carle M." }, { "family_name": "Santiago", "given_name": "Wil" }, { "family_name": "Scire", "given_name": "Elena", "clpid": "Scire-Elena" }, { "family_name": "Sherwood", "given_name": "Richard" }, { "family_name": "Shirley", "given_name": "Katherine" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Chris" }, { "family_name": "Sondheim", "given_name": "Michael", "clpid": "Sondheim-Michael" }, { "family_name": "Sullivan", "given_name": "Peter", "clpid": "Sullivan-Peter" }, { "family_name": "Temples", "given_name": "Jon" }, { "family_name": "Thompson", "given_name": "David R.", "clpid": "Thompson-David-R" }, { "family_name": "Waldorff", "given_name": "Kristian I." }, { "family_name": "Williamson", "given_name": "Walton R.", "clpid": "Williamson-Walton-R" }, { "family_name": "Warren", "given_name": "Tristam J." }, { "family_name": "Wood", "given_name": "Joshua L." }, { "family_name": "Zareh", "given_name": "Shannon", "clpid": "Zareh-Shannon" } ], "abstract": "Selected in 2019 as a NASA SIMPLEx mission, Lunar Trailblazer is in implementation for flight system delivery at the end of 2022. The mission's goal is to understand the form, abundance, and distribution of water on the Moon and the lunar water cycle. Lunar Trailblazer also collects data of candidate landing sites to inform planning for future human and robotic exploration of the Moon and evaluate the potential for in situ resource utilization. Lunar Trailblazer's two science instruments, the High-resolution Volatiles and Minerals Moon Mapper (HVM3) and the Lunar Thermal Mapper (LTM) provide simultaneous high-resolution spectral imaging data to map OH/water, crustal composition, and thermophysical properties from a 100\u00b130 km lunar polar orbit. The \u223c210-kg flight system deploys from an ESPA Grande and utilizes a \u223c1000 m/s \u0394V hydrazine chemical propulsion system, similar to that employed by GRAIL. Trailblazing elements include the novel state-of-the-art dataset collected at substantially reduced price point, fully geographically co-registered data products delivered to the Planetary Data System, planetary mission team demographics, Caltech campus mission operations, and student staffing of select mission ops roles. Lunar Trailblazer's pioneering development is providing key lessons learned for future planetary small spacecraft.", "doi": "10.1109/aero53065.2022.9843663", "isbn": "978-1-6654-3760-8", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2022-03-05", "pages": "1-14" }, { "id": "authors:aafw7-s2y17", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "aafw7-s2y17", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211116-202857990", "type": "book_section", "title": "Generalized Unsupervised Clustering of Hyperspectral Images of Geological Targets in the Near Infrared", "book_title": "2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "Angela F.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8574-8728", "clpid": "Gao-Angela-F" }, { "family_name": "Rasmussen", "given_name": "Brandon", "clpid": "Rasmussen-Brandon" }, { "family_name": "Kulits", "given_name": "Peter", "clpid": "Kulits-Peter" }, { "family_name": "Scheller", "given_name": "Eva L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9981-5802", "clpid": "Scheller-Eva-L" }, { "family_name": "Greenberger", "given_name": "Rebecca", "orcid": "0000-0003-1583-0261", "clpid": "Greenberger-Rebecca-N" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" } ], "abstract": "The application of infrared hyperspectral imagery to geological problems is becoming more popular as data become more accessible and cost-effective. Clustering and classifying spectrally similar materials is often a first step in applications ranging from economic mineral exploration on Earth to planetary exploration on Mars. Semi-manual classification guided by expertly developed spectral parameters can be time consuming and biased, while supervised methods require abundant labeled data and can be difficult to generalize. Here we develop a fully unsupervised workflow for feature extraction and clustering informed by both expert spectral geologist input and quantitative metrics. Our pipeline uses a lightweight autoencoder followed by Gaussian mixture modeling to map the spectral diversity within any image. We validate the performance of our pipeline at submillimeter-scale with expert-labelled data from the Oman ophiolite drill core and evaluate performance at meters-scale with partially classified orbital data of Jezero Crater on Mars (the landing site for the Perseverance rover). We additionally examine the effects of various preprocessing techniques used in traditional analysis of hyperspectral imagery. This pipeline provides a fast and accurate clustering map of similar geological materials and consistently identifies and separates major mineral classes in both laboratory imagery and remote sensing imagery. We refer to our pipeline as \"Generalized Pipeline for Spectroscopic Unsupervised clustering of Minerals (GyPSUM).\"", "doi": "10.1109/cvprw53098.2021.00485", "isbn": "978-1-6654-4899-4", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2021-06", "pages": "4289-4298" }, { "id": "authors:2e98b-77t17", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2e98b-77t17", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200831-122814684", "type": "book_section", "title": "Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation: An Earth Science Imaging Spectroscopy Mission", "book_title": "2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Green", "given_name": "Robert O.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9447-3076", "clpid": "Green-R-O" }, { "family_name": "Mahowald", "given_name": "Natalie", "clpid": "Mahowald-N" }, { "family_name": "Ung", "given_name": "Charlene", "clpid": "Ung-Charlene" }, { "family_name": "Thompson", "given_name": "David R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1100-7550", "clpid": "Thompson-D-R" }, { "family_name": "Bator", "given_name": "Lori", "clpid": "Bator-L" }, { "family_name": "Bennet", "given_name": "Matthew", "clpid": "Bennet-M" }, { "family_name": "Bernas", "given_name": "Michael", "clpid": "Bernas-M" }, { "family_name": "Blackway", "given_name": "Natalie", "clpid": "Blackway-N" }, { "family_name": "Bradley", "given_name": "Christine", "clpid": "Bradley-C" }, { "family_name": "Cha", "given_name": "Jeff", "clpid": "Cha-Jeff" }, { "family_name": "Clark", "given_name": "Pamela", "clpid": "Clark-Pamela" }, { "family_name": "Clark", "given_name": "Roger", "clpid": "Clark-Roger" }, { "family_name": "Cloud", "given_name": "Deborah", "clpid": "Cloud-D" }, { "family_name": "Diaz", "given_name": "Ernesto", "clpid": "Diaz-E" }, { "family_name": "Ben Dor", "given_name": "Eyal", "clpid": "Ben-Dor-E" }, { "family_name": "Duren", "given_name": "Riley", "clpid": "Duren-R" }, { "family_name": "Eastwood", "given_name": "Michael", "clpid": "Eastwood-Michael" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" }, { "family_name": "Fuentes", "given_name": "Lisa", "clpid": "Fuentes-L" }, { "family_name": "Ginoux", "given_name": "Paul", "clpid": "Ginoux-P" }, { "family_name": "Gross", "given_name": "Johannes", "clpid": "Gross-J" }, { "family_name": "He", "given_name": "Yutao", "clpid": "He-Yutao" }, { "family_name": "Kalashnikova", "given_name": "Olga", "clpid": "Kalashnikova-O" }, { "family_name": "Kert", "given_name": "William", "clpid": "Kert-W" }, { "family_name": "Keymeulen", "given_name": "Didier", "clpid": "Keymeulen-D" }, { "family_name": "Klimesh", "given_name": "Matt", "clpid": "Klimesh-M" }, { "family_name": "Ku", "given_name": "Daniel", "clpid": "Ku-Daniel" }, { "family_name": "Kwong-Fu", "given_name": "Helenann", "clpid": "Kwong-Fu-Helenann" }, { "family_name": "Liggett", "given_name": "Elliott", "clpid": "Liggett-E" }, { "family_name": "Li", "given_name": "Longlie", "clpid": "Li-Longlie" }, { "family_name": "Lundeen", "given_name": "Sarah", "clpid": "Lundeen-S" }, { "family_name": "Makowski", "given_name": "Maciej D.", "clpid": "Makowski-M-D" }, { "family_name": "Mazer", "given_name": "Alan", "clpid": "Mazer-A" }, { "family_name": "Miller", "given_name": "Ron", "clpid": "Miller-Ron" }, { "family_name": "Mouroulis", "given_name": "Pantazis", "clpid": "Mouroulis-P" }, { "family_name": "Oaida", "given_name": "Bogdan", "clpid": "Oaida-B" }, { "family_name": "Okin", "given_name": "Greg S.", "clpid": "Okin-G-S" }, { "family_name": "Ortega", "given_name": "Alberto", "clpid": "Ortega-A" }, { "family_name": "Oyake", "given_name": "Amalaye", "clpid": "Oyake-A" }, { "family_name": "Nguyen", "given_name": "Hung", "clpid": "Nguyen-Hung" }, { "family_name": "Pace", "given_name": "Theresa", "clpid": "Pace-T" }, { "family_name": "Painter", "given_name": "Thomas H.", "clpid": "Painter-T-H" }, { "family_name": "Pempejian", "given_name": "Jack", "clpid": "Pempejian-J" }, { "family_name": "Garcia-Pando", "given_name": "Carlos Perez", "clpid": "Garcia-Pando-C-P" }, { "family_name": "Pham", "given_name": "Thang", "clpid": "Pham-Thang" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "Benjamin", "clpid": "Phillips-B" }, { "family_name": "Pollock", "given_name": "Randy", "clpid": "Pollock-R" }, { "family_name": "Purcell", "given_name": "Richard", "clpid": "Purcell-R" }, { "family_name": "Realmuto", "given_name": "Vincent", "clpid": "Realmuto-V" }, { "family_name": "Schoolcraft", "given_name": "Josh", "clpid": "Schoolcraft-J" }, { "family_name": "Sen", "given_name": "Amit", "clpid": "Sen-A" }, { "family_name": "Shin", "given_name": "Simon", "clpid": "Shin-S" }, { "family_name": "Shaw", "given_name": "Lucas", "clpid": "Shaw-L" }, { "family_name": "Soriano", "given_name": "Manny", "clpid": "Soriano-M" }, { "family_name": "Swayze", "given_name": "Gregg", "clpid": "Swayze-G" }, { "family_name": "Thingvold", "given_name": "Erik", "clpid": "Thingvold-E" }, { "family_name": "Vaid", "given_name": "Afsheen", "clpid": "Vaid-A" }, { "family_name": "Zan", "given_name": "Jason", "clpid": "Zan-Jason" } ], "abstract": "The Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation, EMIT, is planned to operate from the International Space Station starting no earlier than the fall of 2021. EMIT will use visible to short wavelength infrared imaging spectroscopy to determine the mineral composition of the arid land dust source regions of the Earth to advance our knowledge of the radiative forcing effect of these aerosols. Mineral dust emitted into the atmosphere under high wind conditions is an element of the Earth system with many impacts to the Earth's energy balance, atmosphere, surface, and oceans. The Earth's mineral dust cycle with source, transport, and deposition phases are studied with advanced Earth System Models. Because the chemical composition, optical and surface properties of soil particles vary strongly with the mineral composition of the source, these models require knowledge of surface soil mineral dust source composition to accurately understand dust impacts on the Earth system now and in the future. At present, compositional knowledge of the Earth's mineral dust source regions from existing data sets is uncertain as a result of limited measurements. EMIT will use spectroscopically-derived surface mineral composition to update the prescribed boundary conditions for state-of-the-art Earth System Models. The EMIT-initialized models will be used to investigate the impact of direct radiative forcing in the Earth system that depends strongly on the composition of the mineral dust aerosols emitted into the atmosphere. These new measurements and related products will be used to address the EMIT science objectives and made available to the science community for additional investigations. An overview of the EMIT science, development, and mission is presented in this paper.", "doi": "10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172731", "isbn": "9781728127347", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2020-03", "pages": "1-15" }, { "id": "authors:acx0p-q8r13", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "acx0p-q8r13", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20230202-335285300.2", "type": "book_section", "title": "Electronic Spectra of Minerals in the Visible and Near-Infrared Regions", "book_title": "Remote Compositional Analysis: Techniques for Understanding Spectroscopy, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of Planetary Surfaces", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rossman", "given_name": "George R.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4571-6884", "clpid": "Rossman-G-R" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Bishop", "given_name": "Janice L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6681-9954", "clpid": "Bishop-Janice-L" }, { "family_name": "Bell", "given_name": "James F., III", "orcid": "0000-0002-2006-4074", "clpid": "Bell-James-F-III" }, { "family_name": "Moersch", "given_name": "Jeffrey E.", "clpid": "Moersch-Jeffrey-E" } ], "abstract": "A variety of features in the visible and near-infrared regions that are observed in remote sensing applications are the result of electronic transitions, typically involving cations of transition metals, most commonly Fe and Ti, or the molecular species S. The position and intensity of these features are sensitive not only to the particular cation, but also to its oxidation state, the particular phase in which it occurs, the geometric structure of the site that it occupies, and interactions between and among neighboring cations. Often these features are diagnostic for the host mineral.", "doi": "10.1017/9781316888872.003", "isbn": "9781316888872", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place_of_publication": "Cambridge", "publication_date": "2019-11-28", "pages": "3-20" }, { "id": "authors:wr8qq-s8t58", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wr8qq-s8t58", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160902-093920758", "type": "book_section", "title": "Identifying and Quantifying Mineral Abundance through VSWIR Microimaging Spectroscopy: A Comparison to XRD and SEM", "book_title": "2016 8th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Leask", "given_name": "Ellen K.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3220-4003", "clpid": "Leask-E-K" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" } ], "abstract": "Visible-shortwave infrared microimaging reflectance spectroscopy is a new technique to identify minerals, quantify abundances, and assess textural relationships at sub-millimetre scale without destructive sample preparation. Here we used a prototype instrument to image serpentinized igneous rocks and carbonate-rich travertine deposits to evaluate performance, relative to traditional techniques: XRD (mineralogical analysis of bulk powders with no texture preservation) and SEM/EDS (analysis of phases and textures using chemical data from polished thin sections). VSWIR microimaging spectroscopy is ideal for identifying spatially coherent rare phases, below XRD detection limits. The progress of alteration can also be inferred from spectral parameters and may correspond to phases that are amorphous in XRD. However, VSWIR microimaging spectroscopy can sometimes be challenging with analyses of very dark materials (reflectance <0.05) and mineral mixtures occurring at a spatial scales multiple factors below the pixel size. Abundances derived from linear unmixing typically agree with those from XRD and EDS within ~10%.", "doi": "10.1109/WHISPERS.2016.8071774", "isbn": "9781538605905", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-08", "pages": "1-5" }, { "id": "authors:wf21x-24t20", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wf21x-24t20", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160902-093433840", "type": "book_section", "title": "Rare Jarosite Detection in CRISM Imagery by Non-Parametric Bayesian Clustering", "book_title": "2016 8th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Dundar", "given_name": "Murat", "clpid": "Dundar-M" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" } ], "abstract": "Discovery of rare phases on Mars is important as they serve as indicators of the geochemistry of the Mars surface and facilitate understanding of mineral assemblages within a geologic unit. Identification of rare minerals in high spatial and spectral resolution Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) visible/shortwave infrared (VSWIR) images has been a challenge due to the presence of both additive and multiplicative noise and other artifacts, affecting all collected images, in addition to the limited spatial extent of regions hosting these minerals. In an effort to automate this task we evaluate various clustering algorithms using the detection of rare jarosite, associated with spectrally similar minerals in CRISM imagery, as a case study. We compare nonparametric Bayesian and standard clustering algorithms and show that a recently developed doubly nonparametric Bayesian model could be effective for this task.", "doi": "10.1109/WHISPERS.2016.8071747", "isbn": "9781538605905", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-08", "pages": "1-5" }, { "id": "authors:1vn98-jmy09", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1vn98-jmy09", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160902-094411611", "type": "book_section", "title": "Using VSWIR Microimaging Spectroscopy to Explore the Mineralogical Diversity of HED Meteorites", "book_title": "2016 8th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Fraeman", "given_name": "Abigail A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4017-5158", "clpid": "Fraeman-A-A" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" }, { "family_name": "Northwood-Smith", "given_name": "Geraint W. D.", "clpid": "Northwood-Smith-G-W-D" }, { "family_name": "Liu", "given_name": "Yang", "orcid": "0000-0002-8155-9134", "clpid": "Liu-Yang" }, { "family_name": "Wadhwa", "given_name": "Meenakshi", "orcid": "0000-0001-9187-1255", "clpid": "Wadhwa-M" }, { "family_name": "Greenberger", "given_name": "Rebecca N.", "clpid": "Greenberger-R-N" } ], "abstract": "We use VSWIR microimaging spectroscopy to survey the spectral diversity of HED meteorites at 80-\u03bcm/pixel spatial scale. Our goal in this work is both to explore the emerging capabilities of microimaging VSWIR spectroscopy and to contribute to understanding the petrologic diversity of the HED suite and the evolution of Vesta. Using a combination of manual and automated hyperspectral classification techniques, we identify four major classes of materials based on VSWIR absorptions that include pyroxene, olivine, Fe-bearing feldspars, and glass-bearing/featureless materials. Results show microimaging spectroscopy is an effective method for rapidly and non-destructively characterizing small compositional variations of meteorite samples and for locating rare phases for possible follow-up investigation. Future work will include incorporating SEM/EDS results to quantify sources of spectral variability and placing observations within a broader geologic framework of the differentiation and evolution of Vesta.", "doi": "10.1109/WHISPERS.2016.8071804", "isbn": "9781538605905", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-08", "pages": "1-5" }, { "id": "authors:nbw65-6fe03", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "nbw65-6fe03", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160902-095516403", "type": "book_section", "title": "Detection of Organic-Rich Oil Shales of the Green River Formation, Utah, with Ground-Based Imaging Spectroscopy", "book_title": "2016 8th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Greenberger", "given_name": "Rebecca N.", "clpid": "Greenberger-R-N" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" }, { "family_name": "Jewell", "given_name": "Paul W.", "clpid": "Jewell-P-W" }, { "family_name": "Birgenheier", "given_name": "Lauren P.", "clpid": "Birgenheier-L-P" }, { "family_name": "Green", "given_name": "Robert O.", "clpid": "Green-R-O" } ], "abstract": "Oil shales contain abundant immature organic matter and are a potential unconventional petroleum resource. Prior studies have used visible/shortwave infrared imaging spectroscopy to map surface exposures of deposits from satellite and airborne platforms and image cores in the laboratory. Here, we work at an intermediate, outcrop-scale, testing the ability of field-based imaging spectroscopy to identify oil shale strata and characterize the depositional environments that led to enrichment of organic matter in sedimentary rocks within the Green River Formation, Utah, USA. The oil shale layers as well as carbonates, phyllosilicates, gypsum, hydrated silica, and ferric oxides are identified in discrete lithologic units and successfully mapped in the images, showing a transition from siliciclastic to carbonate- and organic-rich rocks consistent with previous stratigraphic studies conducted with geological fieldwork.", "doi": "10.1109/WHISPERS.2016.8071807", "isbn": "9781538605905", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-08", "pages": "1-5" }, { "id": "authors:2wg8r-pa324", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "2wg8r-pa324", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160902-082314474", "type": "book_section", "title": "Mars-Moons Exploration, Reconnaissance, and Landed Investigation (MERLIN)", "book_title": "2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference", "author": [ { "family_name": "Murchie", "given_name": "Scott L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1616-8751", "clpid": "Murchie-S-L" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "Bethany L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" } ], "abstract": "MERLIN, the Mars-Moons Exploration, Reconnaissance and Landed Investigation, is a concept for the first mission to land on the Martian moon Phobos and the first U.S. mission to conduct an in situ investigation of a D-type body typical of the outer solar system. Understanding Phobos and Deimos provides key information for understanding the history and evolution of our solar system and drives MERLIN's combined orbital and landed mission design. MERLIN would perform 9 months of orbital reconnaissance of Phobos and Deimos, characterizing their geology and a landing site on Phobos. Once landed, MERLIN would perform 90 days of complementary measurements of chemical and mineralogic composition. Phobos' size and mass provide a low-risk landing environment for a small-body lander. Controlled descent is so slow that the landing can be rehearsed and even repeated, yet gravity is high enough that surface operations do not require anchoring. Imaging of Phobos from past missions demonstrates the existence of regions suitable for landing and provides knowledge for planning the orbital and landed investigations. MERLIN's dual orbital and landed data would deliver seminal science directly traceable to NASA's Strategic Goals and Objectives, NASA's Science Plan, and Decadal Survey goals, while simultaneously closing strategic knowledge gaps (SKGs) to prepare for future human exploration. MERLIN's landed compositional measurements would unravel the origin of Mars' moons, addressing the goal to understand how solar system objects formed and evolved. MERLIN would determine the inventory of prebiotic materials on Phobos, addressing the goal focused on the distribution of volatiles and organics across the solar system, and the origin and requirements of life. MERLIN's high-resolution images during low flyovers would investigate processes that affect the local regolith and provide geologic context for landed measurements. MERLIN would characterize the geology, surface regolith, and internal structure of Mars' moons, addressing the goal to understand processes that shape planetary bodies, and how those processes operate and interact. MERLIN's combined remote and landed investigations would deliver pioneering data about Phobos, characterizing an object on the flexible path for human exploration.", "doi": "10.1109/AERO.2016.7500754", "isbn": "978-1-4673-7676-1", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2016-03", "pages": "1-18" }, { "id": "authors:5mdmn-ry709", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "5mdmn-ry709", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170602-131429722", "type": "book_section", "title": "Modal mineralogy of planetary surfaces from visible and near-infrared spectral data", "book_title": "2nd Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing", "author": [ { "family_name": "Poulet", "given_name": "F.", "clpid": "Poulet-F" }, { "family_name": "Ehlmann", "given_name": "B. L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2745-3240", "clpid": "Ehlmann-B-L" }, { "family_name": "Mustard", "given_name": "J. F.", "clpid": "Mustard-J-F" }, { "family_name": "Vincendon", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Vincendon-M" }, { "family_name": "Langevin", "given_name": "Y.", "clpid": "Langevin-Y" } ], "abstract": "Real planetary surfaces are composed of several to many different minerals and ices. Deconvolving a reflectance spectrum to material abundance in an unambiguous way is difficult, because the spectra are complex nonlinear functions of grain size, abundance, and material opacity. Multiple scattering models can provide approximate solutions to the radiative transfer in a particulate medium. The paper examines the different approaches which deal with the theory of radiative transfer on atmosphereless bodies. We present the relative merits of two scattering theories based on the equivalent slab model: the extensively used Hapke theory [1] and the Shkuratov theory [2]. The performances of the two models for determining mineral abundance in multicomponent mixtures are also evaluated using laboratory data. Finally, one application on real planetary surfaces will be shown.", "doi": "10.1109/WHISPERS.20", "isbn": "978-1-4244-8906-0", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_publication": "Piscataway, NJ", "publication_date": "2010-06" } ]