[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kb2sq-8w336", "eprint_id": 106059, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 06:50:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 23:03:16", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Bendek-E-A", "name": { "family": "Bendek", "given": "Eduardo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9408-8925" }, { "id": "Kern-B-D", "name": { "family": "Kern", "given": "Brian D." } }, { "id": "Marx-David-S", "name": { "family": "Marx", "given": "David" } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Prada-C-M", "name": { "family": "Prada", "given": "Camilo M." } }, { "id": "Riggs-A-J-E", "name": { "family": "Riggs", "given": "A. J. Eldorado" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0863-6228" }, { "id": "Seo-Byoung-Joon", "name": { "family": "Seo", "given": "Byoung-Joon" } }, { "id": "Serabyn-E", "name": { "family": "Serabyn", "given": "Eugene" } }, { "id": "Shaklan-S-B", "name": { "family": "Shaklan", "given": "Stuart" } } ] }, "title": "Microelectromechanical deformable mirror development for high-contrast imaging, part 2: the impact of quantization errors on coronagraph image contrast", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "exoplanets; direct detection; coronagraphs; deformable mirrors; actuators; adaptive optics; wavefronts", "note": "\u00a9 2020 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nPaper 20027 received Mar. 13, 2020; accepted for publication Aug. 6, 2020; published online Oct. 7, 2020. \n\nThis work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).\n\n
Published - 045002_1.pdf
Accepted Version - 2010.03704.pdf
", "abstract": "Stellar coronagraphs rely on deformable mirrors (DMs) to correct wavefront errors and create high-contrast images. Imperfect control of the DM limits the achievable contrast, and therefore, the DM control electronics must provide fine surface height resolution and low noise. We study the impact of quantization errors due to the DM electronics on the image contrast using experimental data from the High Contrast Imaging Testbed facility at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We find that the simplest analytical model gives optimistic predictions compared to real cases, with contrast up to 3 times better, which leads to DM surface height resolution requirements that are incorrectly relaxed by 70%. We show that taking into account the DM actuator shape, or influence function, improves the analytical predictions. However, we also find that end-to-end numerical simulations of the wavefront sensing and control process provide the most accurate predictions and recommend such an approach for setting robust requirements on the DM control electronics. From our experimental and numerical results, we conclude that a surface height resolution of \u223c6\u2009\u2009pm is required for imaging temperate terrestrial exoplanets around solar-type stars at wavelengths as small as 450 nm with coronagraph instruments on future space telescopes. Finally, we list the recognizable characteristics of quantization errors that may help determine if they are a limiting factor.", "date": "2020-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems", "volume": "6", "number": "4", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "pagerange": "Art. No. 045002", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201014-111856081", "issn": "2329-4124", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201014-111856081", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/1.jatis.6.4.045002", "primary_object": { "basename": "2010.03704.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kb2sq-8w336/files/2010.03704.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "045002_1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kb2sq-8w336/files/045002_1.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Ruane, Garreth; Echeverri, Daniel; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3anw2-1zr92", "eprint_id": 101057, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:10:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:24:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop-Sayson", "given": "Jorge" } }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Coker-C-T", "name": { "family": "Coker", "given": "Carl T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9954-7887" }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Fucik-J-R", "name": { "family": "Fucik", "given": "Jason" } }, { "id": "Riggs-A-J-E", "name": { "family": "Riggs", "given": "A. J. Eldorado" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0863-6228" }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. Kent" } } ] }, "title": "High-contrast Demonstration of an Apodized Vortex Coronagraph", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Exoplanets; Coronographic imaging; Direct imaging; Space telescopes", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. \n\nReceived 2019 November 1; revised 2019 December 7; accepted 2019 December 16; published 2020 February 3. \n\nThe first author J.L.S. is partially supported by the National Science Foundation AST-ATI Grant 1710210. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).\n\nPublished - pdf
", "abstract": "High-contrast imaging is the primary path to the direct detection and characterization of Earth-like planets around solar-type stars; a cleverly designed internal coronagraph suppresses the light from the star, revealing the elusive circumstellar companions. However, future large-aperture telescopes (>4 m in diameter) will likely have segmented primary mirrors, which cause additional diffraction of unwanted stellar light. Here we present the first high-contrast laboratory demonstration of an apodized vortex coronagraph, in which an apodizer is placed upstream of a vortex focal plane mask to improve its performance with a segmented aperture. The gray-scale apodization is numerically optimized to yield a better sensitivity to faint companions assuming an aperture shape similar to the LUVOIR-B concept. Using wavefront sensing and control over a one-sided dark hole, we achieve a raw contrast of 2 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2078 in monochromatic light at 775 nm, and a raw contrast of 4 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2078 in a 10% bandwidth. These results open the path to a new family of coronagraph designs, optimally suited for next-generation segmented space telescopes.", "date": "2020-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astronomical Journal", "volume": "159", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 79", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200203-092720940", "issn": "1538-3881", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200203-092720940", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1720210" }, { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.3847/1538-3881/ab6329", "primary_object": { "basename": "pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3anw2-1zr92/files/pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Llop-Sayson, Jorge; Ruane, Garreth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rftvd-fv866", "eprint_id": 101612, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:53:21", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 22:08:13", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Seo-Byoung-Joon", "name": { "family": "Seo", "given": "Byoung-Joon" } }, { "id": "Patterson-K", "name": { "family": "Patterson", "given": "Keith" } }, { "id": "Balasubramanian-K", "name": { "family": "Balasubramanian", "given": "Kunjithapatham" } }, { "id": "Crill-B-P", "name": { "family": "Crill", "given": "Brendan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4650-8518" }, { "id": "Chui-Talso-C-P", "name": { "family": "Chui", "given": "Talso" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Kern-B-D", "name": { "family": "Kern", "given": "Brian" } }, { "id": "Marx-D", "name": { "family": "Marx", "given": "David" } }, { "id": "Moody-D-C", "name": { "family": "Moody", "given": "Dwight" } }, { "id": "Prada-C-M", "name": { "family": "Prada", "given": "Camilo Mejia" } }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Shi-Fang", "name": { "family": "Shi", "given": "Fang" } }, { "id": "Shaw-J", "name": { "family": "Shaw", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Siegler-N", "name": { "family": "Siegler", "given": "Nick" } }, { "id": "Tang-Hong", "name": { "family": "Tang", "given": "Hong" } }, { "id": "Trauger-J-T", "name": { "family": "Trauger", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Wilson-D-W", "name": { "family": "Wilson", "given": "Daniel" } }, { "id": "Zimmer-R-J", "name": { "family": "Zimmer", "given": "Robert" } } ] }, "title": "Testbed demonstration of high-contrast coronagraph imaging in search for Earth-like exoplanets", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "instrumentation, exoplanets, direct detection, coronagraphs", "note": "\u00a9 2019 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThis work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We would like to acknowledge funding from NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program Office, in addition to contributions small and large from the broader WFIRST-CGI, HCIT, and MDL teams.\n\nPublished - 111171V.pdf
", "abstract": "Direct imaging of an Earth-like exoplanet requires starlight suppression with a contrast ratio on the order of 1 x 10\u207b\u00b9\u2070 at small angular separations of 100 milliarcseconds or less in visible light with more than 50 nm bandwidth. To our knowledge, the technology needed to achieve the contrast and stability has not been demonstrated as of January 2019. The science requirements for near future NASA missions such as James Webb Space Telescope's (JWST) Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) coronagraph and Wide Field Infrared Space Telescope (WFIRST) Coronagraph Instrument (CGI) are at least 10 times short. To investigate and guide the technology to reach this capability, we built a high contrast coronagraph testbed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Titled the Decadal Survey Testbed (DST), state-of-art testbed is based on the accumulated experience of JPL's High Contrast Imaging Testbed (HCIT) team. Currently, the DST hosts a Hybrid Lyot Coronagraph (HLC) with an unobscured, circular pupil. The DST also has two deformable mirrors and is equipped with the Low Order Wavefront Sensing and Control (LOWFS/C) subsystem to sense and correct the dynamic wavefront disturbances. In this paper, we present up-to-date progress of the testbed demonstration. As of January 2019, we repeatedly obtain convergence below 4 \u00d7 10\u207b\u00b9\u2070 mean contrast with 10% broadband light centered at 550 nm in a 360 degrees dark hole with a working angle between 3 \u03bb/D and 9 \u03bb/D. We show the key elements used in the testbed and the performance results with associated analysis.", "date": "2019-09-16", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 111171V", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200227-101638370", "isbn": "9781510629271", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200227-101638370", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Shaklan-S-B", "name": { "family": "Shaklan", "given": "Stuart" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2530033", "primary_object": { "basename": "111171V.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rftvd-fv866/files/111171V.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Seo, Byoung-Joon; Patterson, Keith; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d236r-4v623", "eprint_id": 98616, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:46:44", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:56:40", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Coker-C-T", "name": { "family": "Coker", "given": "Carl T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9954-7887" }, { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop Sayson", "given": "Jorge" } }, { "id": "Shaklan-S-B", "name": { "family": "Shaklan", "given": "Stuart" } }, { "id": "Riggs-A-J-E", "name": { "family": "Riggs", "given": "A. J. E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0863-6228" }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" } ] }, "title": "A multi-object spectrograph using single-mode fibers with a coronagraph: progress towards laboratory results on the high-contrast testbed for segmented telescopes", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThis work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This work was supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, administered by the Universities Space Research Association under contract with NASA. Copyright 2019 California Institute of Technology. Government Sponsorship acknowledged. All rights reserved.\n\nPublished - 111171A.pdf
", "abstract": "Using single-mode fibers (SMFs) in the image plane of coronagraphs allows access to a new wavefront control regime. By using deformable mirrors to create a mismatch between the incoming starlight and the fiber mode, SMFs can serve as integral parts of the light suppression ability of the coronagraph. Previous promising simulation results show increased spectral bandwidth and throughput when using SMFs in a multi-object role, and previous laboratory results have shown increased light suppression using a single SMF. We present an update on efforts to combine a multi-core SMF with a high-resolution spectrograph on the High Contrast Testbed for Segmented Telescopes (HCST) at Caltech. We present our planned experimental design, as well as simulations of expected performance when controlling multiple fiber cores on HCST. We will test the potential increase in spectral bandpass and throughput resulting from the switch to SMFs, as well as the stability of the wavefront control solution.", "date": "2019-09-09", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 111171A", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-134333478", "isbn": "9781510629271", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-134333478", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" }, { "agency": "NASA Postdoctoral Program" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Shaklan-S-B", "name": { "family": "Shaklan", "given": "Stuart B." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2528569", "primary_object": { "basename": "111171A.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/d236r-4v623/files/111171A.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Coker, Carl T.; Llop Sayson, Jorge; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3eh0f-wvq92", "eprint_id": 98620, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:47:09", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:56:48", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop-Sayson", "given": "Jorge" } }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Riggs-A-J-E", "name": { "family": "Riggs", "given": "A. J. Eldorado" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0863-6228" }, { "id": "Coker-C-T", "name": { "family": "Coker", "given": "Carl T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9954-7887" }, { "id": "Morrissey-G", "name": { "family": "Morrissey", "given": "Grady" } }, { "id": "Sun-He", "name": { "family": "Sun", "given": "He" } } ] }, "title": "The high-contrast spectroscopy testbed for segmented telescopes (HCST): new wavefront control demonstrations", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "High contrast imaging, Exoplanets, Wavefront Control, Wavefront Sensing, Spectroscopy", "note": "\u00a9 2019 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThis work was partially supported by the National Science Foundation AST-ATI Grant 1710210.\n\nPublished - 111171W.pdf
", "abstract": "The High-Contrast Spectroscopy Testbed for Segmented Telescopes (HCST) in the Exoplanet Technology Laboratory (ET Lab) at Caltech is designed to test the technologies that will enable direct imaging and characterization of exoplanets with future segmented ground- and space-based telescopes. Wavefront sensing and control has been successfully implemented with electric field conjugation (EFC) using the FALCO Matlab package, yielding a baseline raw contrast of 1\u00d710^(-8) in narrowband light with a Vector Vortex Coronagraph over a clear aperture. Here we report on progress towards our next HCST milestones: 1- Demonstration of 10^(-8) raw contrast levels in broadband light with the apodized vortex coronagraph using a LUVOIR B-like segmented aperture. 2- Integration of a fiber injection unit (FIU) and corresponding wavefront control algorithm to achieve 10^(-8) raw contrast in broadband light through a single mode fiber enabling high dispersion coronagraphy.", "date": "2019-09-09", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 111171W", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-141317978", "isbn": "9781510629271", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-141317978", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1710210" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Shaklan-S-B", "name": { "family": "Shaklan", "given": "Stuart B." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2530670", "primary_object": { "basename": "111171W.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3eh0f-wvq92/files/111171W.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Llop-Sayson, Jorge; Ruane, Garreth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5cpb4-njs34", "eprint_id": 98623, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 17:47:23", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:56:54", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Serabyn-E", "name": { "family": "Serabyn", "given": "Eugene" } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. Kent" } }, { "id": "Wang-Jason-J", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Jason" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502" }, { "id": "Batalha-N-M", "name": { "family": "Batalha", "given": "Natasha" } } ] }, "title": "Vortex fiber nulling for exoplanet observations: conceptual design, theoretical performance, and initial scientific yield predictions", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Instrumentation, exoplanets, interferometry", "note": "\u00a9 2019 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThis work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This research has made use of the NASA Exoplanet Archive, which is operated by the California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA under the Exoplanet Exploration Program.\n\nPublished - 1111716.pdf
Accepted Version - 1908.09780.pdf
", "abstract": "Vortex fiber nulling (VFN) is a method that may enable the detection and characterization of exoplanets at small angular separations (0.5-2 \u03bb/D) with ground- and space-based telescopes. Since the field of view is within the inner working angle of most coronagraphs, nulling accesses non-transiting planets that are otherwise too close to their star for spectral characterization by other means, thereby significantly increasing the number of known exoplanets available for direct spectroscopy in the near-infrared. Furthermore, VFN targets planets on closer-in orbits which tend to have more favorable planet-to-star flux ratios in reflected light. Here, we present the theory and applications of VFN, show that the optical performance is approximately equivalent for a variety of implementations and aperture shapes, and discuss the trade-offs between throughput and engineering requirements using numerical simulations. We compare vector and scalar approaches and, finally, show that beam shaping optics may be used to significantly improve the throughput for planet light. Based on theoretical performance, we estimate the number of known planets and theoretical exoEarths accessible with a VFN instrument linked to a high-resolution spectrograph on the future Thirty Meter Telescope.", "date": "2019-09-09", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 1111716", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-162000191", "isbn": "9781510629271", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190912-162000191", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Shaklan-S-B", "name": { "family": "Shaklan", "given": "Stuart B." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2528555", "primary_object": { "basename": "1111716.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5cpb4-njs34/files/1111716.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1908.09780.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5cpb4-njs34/files/1908.09780.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Ruane, Garreth; Echeverri, Daniel; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6c6v7-cck54", "eprint_id": 91384, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:44:26", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:28:02", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Levraud-N", "name": { "family": "Levraud", "given": "Nicolas" } } ] }, "title": "Vortex fiber nulling for exoplanet observations. I. Experimental demonstration in monochromatic light", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 Optical Society of America. \n\nReceived 8 November 2018; revised 29 March 2019; accepted 1 April 2019; posted 1 April 2019 (Doc. ID 349990); published 19 April 2019. \n\nFunding: National Science Foundation (NSF) (AST-1602444); Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); California Institute of Technology.\n\nSubmitted - 1811.02083.pdf
", "abstract": "Vortex fiber nulling is a method for spectroscopically characterizing exoplanets at small angular separations, \u2272", "date": "2019-05-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Optics Letters", "volume": "44", "number": "9", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "pagerange": "2204-2207", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20181130-143911660", "issn": "0146-9592", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181130-143911660", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship", "grant_number": "AST-1602444" }, { "agency": "JPL" }, { "agency": "Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.1364/OL.44.002204", "primary_object": { "basename": "1811.02083.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6c6v7-cck54/files/1811.02083.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Echeverri, Daniel; Ruane, Garreth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fhrsk-yh704", "eprint_id": 94385, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:36:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 17:55:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop Sayson", "given": "Jorge" } }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207" }, { "id": "Calvin-B-A", "name": { "family": "Calvin", "given": "Benjamin" } }, { "id": "Levraud-N", "name": { "family": "Levraud", "given": "Nicolas" } }, { "id": "Roberson-M", "name": { "family": "Roberson", "given": "Milan" } }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Klimovich-N-S", "name": { "family": "Klimovich", "given": "Nikita" } }, { "id": "Xin-Yeyuan", "name": { "family": "Xin", "given": "Yeyuan" } } ] }, "title": "Demonstration of an electric field conjugation algorithm for improved starlight rejection through a single mode optical fiber", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "exoplanets; high contrast imaging; wavefront control; wavefront sensing; spectroscopy", "note": "\u00a9 The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. \n\nPaper 18116 received Nov. 16, 2018; accepted for publication Mar. 7, 2019; published online Mar. 26, 2019.\n\nPublished - 019004_1.pdf
", "abstract": "Linking a coronagraph instrument to a spectrograph via a single-mode optical fiber is a pathway toward detailed characterization of exoplanet atmospheres with current and future ground- and space-based telescopes. However, given the extreme brightness ratio and small angular separation between planets and their host stars, the planet signal-to-noise ratio will likely be limited by the unwanted coupling of starlight into the fiber. To address this issue, we utilize a wavefront control loop and a deformable mirror to systematically reject starlight from the fiber by measuring what is transmitted through the fiber. The wavefront control algorithm is based on the formalism of electric field conjugation (EFC), which in our case accounts for the spatial mode selectivity of the fiber. This is achieved by using a control output that is the overlap integral of the electric field with the fundamental mode of a single-mode fiber. This quantity can be estimated by pairwise image plane probes injected using a deformable mirror. We present simulation and laboratory results that demonstrate our approach offers a significant improvement in starlight suppression through the fiber relative to a conventional EFC controller. With our experimental setup, which provides an initial normalized intensity of 3\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u200910\u2009\u2009\u2212\u2009\u20094 in the fiber at an angular separation of 4\u03bb\u2009\u2009/\u2009\u2009D, we obtain a final normalized intensity of 3\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u200910\u2009\u2009\u2212\u2009\u20096 in monochromatic light at \u03bb\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u2009635\u2009\u2009nm through the fiber (100\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u2009 suppression factor) and 2\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u200910\u2009\u2009\u2212\u2009\u20095 in \u0394\u03bb\u2009\u2009/\u2009\u2009\u03bb\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20098\u2009\u2009%\u2009\u2009 broadband light about \u03bb\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u2009625\u2009\u2009nm (10\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u2009 suppression factor). The fiber-based approach improves the sensitivity of spectral measurements at high contrast and may serve as an integral part of future space-based exoplanet imaging missions as well as ground-based instruments.", "date": "2019-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems", "volume": "5", "number": "1", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "pagerange": "Art. No. 019004", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190402-160051415", "issn": "2329-4124", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190402-160051415", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/1.jatis.5.1.019004", "primary_object": { "basename": "019004_1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fhrsk-yh704/files/019004_1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Llop Sayson, Jorge; Ruane, Garreth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h995s-zfb19", "eprint_id": 92138, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:29:20", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:24:57", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "J. R." } }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. K." } }, { "id": "Bartos-R-D", "name": { "family": "Bartos", "given": "R. D." } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Bond-C-Z", "name": { "family": "Bond", "given": "C. Z." } }, { "id": "Cetre-S", "name": { "family": "Cetre", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Lilley-S-J", "name": { "family": "Lilley", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Jacobson-S-M", "name": { "family": "Jacobson", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Wizinowich-P-L", "name": { "family": "Wizinowich", "given": "P. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" }, { "id": "Fitzgerald-M", "name": { "family": "Fitzgerald", "given": "M." } } ] }, "title": "First version of the fiber injection unit for the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Adaptive Optics, High contrast imaging, High resolution spectroscopy, Exoplanet characterization, Doppler imaging", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1611623. The fiber injection unit is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. The PWS camera was provided by Don Hall as part of his National Science Foundation funding under Grant No. AST 1106391.\n\nPublished - 107033B.pdf
", "abstract": "Coupling a high-contrast imaging instrument to a high-resolution spectrograph has the potential to enable the most detailed characterization of exoplanet atmospheres, including spin measurements and Doppler mapping. The high-contrast imaging system serves as a spatial filter to separate the light from the star and the planet while the high-resolution spectrograph acts as a spectral filter, which differentiates between features in the stellar and planetary spectra. The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) located downstream from the current W. M. Keck II adaptive optics (AO) system will contain a fiber injection unit (FIU) combining a high-contrast imaging system and a fiber feed to Keck's high resolution infrared spectrograph NIRSPEC. Resolved thermal emission from known young giant exoplanets will be injected into a single-mode fiber linked to NIRSPEC, thereby allowing the spectral characterization of their atmospheres. Moreover, the resolution of NIRSPEC (R = 37,500 after upgrade) is high enough to enable spin measurements and Doppler imaging of atmospheric weather phenomenon. The module was integrated at Caltech and shipped to Hawaii at the beginning of 2018 and is currently undergoing characterization. Its transfer to Keck is planned in September and first on-sky tests sometime in December.", "date": "2018-07-18", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 107033B", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190108-112614029", "isbn": "9781510619593", "book_title": "Adaptive Optics Systems VI", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190108-112614029", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "W. M. Keck Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1611623" }, { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1106391" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Close-L-M", "name": { "family": "Close", "given": "Laird M." } }, { "id": "Schreiber-L", "name": { "family": "Schreiber", "given": "Laura" } }, { "id": "Schmidt-D", "name": { "family": "Schmidt", "given": "Dirk" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2313774", "primary_object": { "basename": "107033B.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h995s-zfb19/files/107033B.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Delorme, J. R.; Jovanovic, N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6zg50-0bq85", "eprint_id": 98197, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:26:21", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:54:30", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "J. R." } }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "G." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Fucik-J-R", "name": { "family": "Fucik", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. K." } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" } ] }, "title": "Optimizing optics and opto-mechanical mounting to minimize static aberrations in high-contrast instruments", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "High Contrast Imaging, Instrumentation, Opto-Mechanical Systems", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Heising-Simons foundation. G. Ruane is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1602444. This work was also supported by the Exoplanet Exploration Program (ExEP), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA.\n\nPublished - 1070358.pdf
", "abstract": "One of the goals of high-contrast imaging is to reach contrasts of 10^(-10) at small inner working angles to directly image Earth-like exoplanets around solar-type stars. In most imaging systems, a deformable mirror (DM) in the pupil plane can correct for phase errors but surface errors in out-of-pupil optics get coupled into amplitude errors which can only be controlled with a second, out of pupil, DM. Furthermore, correcting static errors introduced by the optics can take up valuable DM stroke. Thus, minimizing the wavefront error within the system is critical to reaching high contrast levels. For example, the High Contrast Spectroscopy for Segmented Telescopes Testbed (HCST) in the Exoplanet Technologoy lab at Caltech aims to develop exoplanet imaging technologies down to small inner working angles (< 3\u03bb/D) which requires an RMS wavefront error of less than 10 nm per optic to achieve a contrast of 10^(\u22125) with the DM flattened. While aligning HCST, it was determined that despite the excellent surface quality of all the optics, the mounts were introducing significant wavefront errors. Here we assess the effect of mount-induced wavefront errors that can rapidly consume the wavefront budget of a high-contrast system. We also present the method used to mitigate this effect within HCST such that a mean contrast of 6 \u00d7 10^(-6) from 3-10\u03bb/D was achieved with a vortex coronagraph and flattened DM.", "date": "2018-07-13", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 1070358", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190823-134014824", "isbn": "9781510619593", "book_title": "Adaptive Optics Systems VI", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190823-134014824", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship", "grant_number": "AST-1602444" }, { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Close-L-M", "name": { "family": "Close", "given": "Laird M." } }, { "id": "Schreiber-L", "name": { "family": "Schreiber", "given": "Laura" } }, { "id": "Schmidt-D", "name": { "family": "Schmidt", "given": "Dirk" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2313887", "primary_object": { "basename": "1070358.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6zg50-0bq85/files/1070358.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Echeverri, D.; Jovanovic, N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8mkt8-fxz40", "eprint_id": 92164, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:25:43", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:25:19", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop Sayson", "given": "Jorge" } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Klimovich-N-S", "name": { "family": "Klimovich", "given": "Nikita" } }, { "id": "Xin-Yeyuan", "name": { "family": "Xin", "given": "Yeyuan" } } ] }, "title": "Wavefront control for minimization of speckle coupling into a fiber injection unit based on the electric field conjugation algorithm", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "High contrast imaging, Wavefront control, Wavefront sensing, Fiber injection unit, Electric Field\nConjugation", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).\n\nPublished - 1070372.pdf
", "abstract": "A fiber injection unit situated in the focal plane behind a coronagraph feeding a high resolution spectrograph can be used to couple light from an exoplanet to obtain high resolution spectra with improved sensitivity. However, the signal-to-noise ratio of the planet signal is limited by the coupling of starlight into the single mode fiber. To minimize this coupling, we need to apply a control loop on the stellar wavefront at the input of the fiber. We present here a wavefront control algorithm based on the formalism of the Electric Field Conjugation (EFC) controller that accounts for the effect of the fiber. The control output is the overlap integral of the electric field with the fundamental mode of a single mode fiber. This overlap integral is estimated by sending probes to a deformable mirror. We present results from simulations, and laboratory results obtained at the Caltech Exoplanet Technology Lab's transmissive testbed. We show that our approach offers a significant improvement in starlight suppression through the fiber relative to a conventional EFC controller. This new approach improves the contrast of a high contrast instrument and could be used in future missions.", "date": "2018-07-12", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 1070372", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190109-105316778", "isbn": "9781510619593", "book_title": "Adaptive Optics Systems VI", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190109-105316778", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Close-L-M", "name": { "family": "Close", "given": "Laird M." } }, { "id": "Schreiber-L", "name": { "family": "Schreiber", "given": "Laura" } }, { "id": "Schmidt-D", "name": { "family": "Schmidt", "given": "Dirk" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2313657", "primary_object": { "basename": "1070372.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8mkt8-fxz40/files/1070372.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Llop Sayson, Jorge; Mawet, Dimitri; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xtvez-s0671", "eprint_id": 87801, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:20:55", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 20:24:29", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Bond-C-Z", "name": { "family": "Bond", "given": "C. Z." } }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "J.-R." } }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Cetre-S", "name": { "family": "Cetre", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Chun-Mark-R", "name": { "family": "Chun", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Hall-D", "name": { "family": "Hall", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "Lilley-S-J", "name": { "family": "Lilley", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. K." } }, { "id": "Wizinowich-P-L", "name": { "family": "Wizinowich", "given": "P." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" } ] }, "title": "Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC): status update", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Exoplanets, high contrast imaging, high contrast high resolution spectroscopy, small inner working angle coronagraphy, vortex coronagraph, on-axis segmented telescopes, apodization, Extremely Large Telescopes", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1611623. The camera used with the pyramid wavefront sensor is provided by Don Hall with support by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1106391. The fiber injection unit is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. \n\nThe W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain. \n\nThis work was partially carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.\n\nPublished - 1070306.pdf
", "abstract": "Here we report on the status of the The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC), which is an on-going series of upgrades to the W.M. Keck II adaptive optics system and instrument suite focused on exoplanet imaging and spectroscopic characterization. The KPIC infrared pyramid wavefront sensor and fiber injection unit to high-resolution infrared spectrograph NIRSPEC have been assembled, integrated and are under-going tests at the University of Hawaii before installation at the Summit in the Fall of 2018.", "date": "2018-07-10", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 1070306", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180712-110818688", "isbn": "9781510619593", "book_title": "Adaptive Optics Systems VI", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180712-110818688", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1611623" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1106391" }, { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "W. M. Keck Foundation" }, { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Close-L-M", "name": { "family": "Close", "given": "Laird M." } }, { "id": "Schreiber-L", "name": { "family": "Schreiber", "given": "Laura" } }, { "id": "Schmidt-D", "name": { "family": "Schmidt", "given": "Dirk" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2314037", "primary_object": { "basename": "1070306.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/xtvez-s0671/files/1070306.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Mawet, D.; Bond, C. Z.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/bpbjn-f5j75", "eprint_id": 98186, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:23:23", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:54:09", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop Sayson", "given": "Jorge D." } }, { "id": "Zhang-Manxuan-Rebecca", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Manxuan (Rebecca)" } }, { "id": "Riggs-A-J-E", "name": { "family": "Riggs", "given": "A. J. Eldorado" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0863-6228" }, { "id": "Shaklan-S-B", "name": { "family": "Shaklan", "given": "Stuart" } }, { "id": "Serabyn-E", "name": { "family": "Serabyn", "given": "Eugene" } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "James K." } } ] }, "title": "Laboratory testing of coronagraphs for future space telescopes on the Caltech high contrast spectroscopy testbed for segmented telescopes (HCST) (Conference Presentation)", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).", "abstract": "Imaging Earth-like exoplanets with future space telescopes will require a coronagraph instrument that is capable of creating a dark zone in the starlight at the image plane that is ten orders of magnitude fainter than the off-axis image of the host star. What is more, the coronagraph must simultaneously provide a stable dark zone and high throughput over the angular separations that correspond to habitable zones around nearby Sun-like stars (~10-100 milliarcseconds). Since the pupils of most large-aperture space telescope architectures are likely to be obstructed by secondary mirrors, spider support structures, and gaps between mirror segments, the coronagraph optics must also be specially tailored to passively suppress starlight diffracted from the obstructions and discontinuities in the telescope pupil. Here, we demonstrate an apodized vortex coronagraph optimized for an off-axis segmented telescope on the new High Contrast Spectroscopy Testbed for Segmented Telescopes (HCST) at Caltech. The coronagraph consists of a microdot apodizer, a liquid crystal vortex phase mask in the focal plane, and a Lyot stop. The microdot apodizer is an AR-coated glass window with 10um gold microdots to be used in reflection around lambda=800nm. We describe the HCST optical system; the apodizer optimization, fabrication, and metrology procedures; and present end-to-end testbed results of the coronagraph coupled with a 32x32 Boston Micromachines deformable mirror for wavefront control. We aim to achieve a dark zone 10^(-7) times fainter than the simulated host star over a wavelength range of 800\u00b140nm in Spring 2018. Finally, we will outline future plans to demonstrate coronagraph concepts for centrally obscured telescopes.", "date": "2018-07-10", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 106981F", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190823-134013721", "isbn": "9781510619494", "book_title": "Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190823-134013721", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Lystrup-M", "name": { "family": "Lystrup", "given": "Mackenzie" } }, { "id": "MacEwen-H-A", "name": { "family": "MacEwen", "given": "Howard A." } }, { "id": "Fazio-G-G", "name": { "family": "Fazio", "given": "Giovanni G." } }, { "id": "Batalha-N-M", "name": { "family": "Batalha", "given": "Natalie" } }, { "id": "Siegler-N", "name": { "family": "Siegler", "given": "Nicholas" } }, { "id": "Tong-Edward-C", "name": { "family": "Tong", "given": "Edward C." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2312851", "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Ruane, Garreth; Mawet, Dimitri; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7ccz1-1xq59", "eprint_id": 88138, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:18:11", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 20:29:19", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "G." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "J. R." } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Fucik-J-R", "name": { "family": "Fucik", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. K." } }, { "id": "Coker-C-T", "name": { "family": "Coker", "given": "C." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9954-7887" }, { "id": "Delacroix-A", "name": { "family": "Delacroix", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Levraud-N", "name": { "family": "Levraud", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop Sayson", "given": "Jorge" } }, { "id": "Wang-Ji", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885" }, { "id": "Riddle-R-L", "name": { "family": "Riddle", "given": "R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0387-370X" }, { "id": "Millar-Blanchaer-M-A", "name": { "family": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given": "M. A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233" } ] }, "title": "High-contrast spectroscopy testbed for Segmented Telescopes: instrument overview and development progress", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Wavefront sensing, common path wavefront sensing, coherent differential imaging, high contrast imaging, exoplanets", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).\n\nThe authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Heising-Simons foundation. G. Ruane is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1602444. This work was also supported by the Exoplanet Exploration Program (ExEP), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA.\n\nPublished - 107024E.pdf
Submitted - 1807.07020.pdf
", "abstract": "The High Contrast spectroscopy testbed for Segmented Telescopes (HCST) is being developed at Caltech. It aims at addressing the technology gap for future exoplanet imagers and providing the U.S. community with an academic facility to test components and techniques for high contrast imaging, focusing on segmented apertures proposed for future ground-based (TMT, ELT) and space-based telescopes (HabEx, LUVOIR). We present an overview of the design of the instrument and a detailed look at the testbed build and initial alignment. We offer insights into stumbling blocks encountered along the path and show that the testbed is now operational and open for business. We aim to use the testbed in the future for testing of high contrast imaging techniques and technologies with amongst with thing, a TMT-like pupil.", "date": "2018-07-09", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 107024E", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180723-151740832", "isbn": "9781510619579", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180723-151740832", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship", "grant_number": "AST-1602444" }, { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Evans-C-J", "name": { "family": "Evans", "given": "Christopher J." } }, { "id": "Simard-L", "name": { "family": "Simard", "given": "Luc" } }, { "id": "Takami-Hideki", "name": { "family": "Takami", "given": "Hideki" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2314325", "primary_object": { "basename": "107024E.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7ccz1-1xq59/files/107024E.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1807.07020.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/7ccz1-1xq59/files/1807.07020.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Jovanovic, N.; Ruane, G.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pzv5v-0gv93", "eprint_id": 92173, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:16:24", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:25:24", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "J. R." } }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. K." } }, { "id": "Bartos-R-D", "name": { "family": "Bartos", "given": "R. D." } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Bond-C-Z", "name": { "family": "Bond", "given": "C. Z." } }, { "id": "Cetre-S", "name": { "family": "Cetre", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Lilley-S", "name": { "family": "Lilley", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Jacobson-S", "name": { "family": "Jacobson", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Wizinowich-P-L", "name": { "family": "Wizinowich", "given": "P. L." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" }, { "id": "Fitzgerald-M-P", "name": { "family": "Fitzgerald", "given": "M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0176-8973" } ] }, "title": "First version of the fiber injection unit for the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Adaptive Optics, High contrast imaging, High resolution spectroscopy, Exoplanet characterization, Doppler imaging", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1611623. The fiber injection unit is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. The PWS camera was provided by Don Hall as part of his National Science Foundation funding under Grant No. AST 1106391.\n\nPublished - 1070225.pdf
", "abstract": "Coupling a high-contrast imaging instrument to a high-resolution spectrograph has the potential to enable the most detailed characterization of exoplanet atmospheres, including spin measurements and Doppler mapping. The high-contrast imaging system serves as a spatial filter to separate the light from the star and the planet while the high-resolution spectrograph acts as a spectral filter, which differentiates between features in the stellar and planetary spectra. The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) located downstream from the current W. M. Keck II adaptive optics (AO) system will contain a fiber injection unit (FIU) combining a high-contrast imaging system and a fiber feed to Keck's high resolution infrared spectrograph NIRSPEC. Resolved thermal emission from known young giant exoplanets will be injected into a single-mode fiber linked to NIRSPEC, thereby allowing the spectral characterization of their atmospheres. Moreover, the resolution of NIRSPEC (R = 37,500 after upgrade) is high enough to enable spin measurements and Doppler imaging of atmospheric weather phenomenon. The module was integrated at Caltech and shipped to Hawaii at the beginning of 2018 and is currently undergoing characterization. Its transfer to Keck is planned in September and first on-sky tests sometime in December.", "date": "2018-07-06", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 1070225", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190109-125342618", "isbn": "9781510619579", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VII", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190109-125342618", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "W. M. Keck Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1611623" }, { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1106391" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Evans-C-J", "name": { "family": "Evans", "given": "Christopher J." } }, { "id": "Simard-L", "name": { "family": "Simard", "given": "Luc" } }, { "id": "Takami-Hideki", "name": { "family": "Takami", "given": "Hideki" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2310063", "primary_object": { "basename": "1070225.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pzv5v-0gv93/files/1070225.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Delorme, J. R.; Jovanovic, N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1se8z-kch33", "eprint_id": 87166, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 07:26:52", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 20:15:09", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "J. R." } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Fucik-J-R", "name": { "family": "Fucik", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. K." } }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "G." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Klimovich-N-S", "name": { "family": "Klimovich", "given": "N. S." } }, { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop Sayson", "given": "J. D." } }, { "id": "Zhang-R", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Xin-Yeyuan", "name": { "family": "Xin", "given": "Y." } }, { "id": "Riddle-R-L", "name": { "family": "Riddle", "given": "R." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0387-370X" }, { "id": "Dekany-R-G", "name": { "family": "Dekany", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Wang-Ji", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885" }, { "id": "Choquet-\u00c9lodie", "name": { "family": "Choquet", "given": "\u00c9." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9173-0740" }, { "id": "Xuan-Wenhao-Jerry", "name": { "family": "Xuan", "given": "W." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6618-1137" }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Randolph-M", "name": { "family": "Randolph", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Vasisht-G", "name": { "family": "Vasisht", "given": "G." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1871-6264" }, { "id": "Mennesson-B", "name": { "family": "Mennesson", "given": "B." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4205-4800" } ] }, "title": "High-contrast spectroscopy testbed for segmented telescopes", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Instrumentation, Testbed, Segmented Telescopes Simulator, High contrast imaging, Wavefront\ncontrol, High Spectral Resolution, High Dispersion Coronagraphy", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Heising-Simons foundation. G. Ruane is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1602444. This work was also supported by the Exoplanet Exploration Program (ExEP), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. Finally, we would like to thank Rowan Swain for proofreading the manuscript.\n\nPublished - 104000X.pdf
", "abstract": "The High Contrast Spectroscopy Testbed for Segmented Telescopes (HCST) at Caltech is aimed at filling gaps in technology for future exoplanet imagers and providing the U.S. community with an academic facility to test components and techniques for high contrast imaging with future segmented ground-based telescope (TMT, E-ELT) and space-based telescopes (HabEx, LUVOIR). The HCST will be able to simulate segmented telescope geometries up to 1021 hexagonal segments and time-varying external wavefront disturbances. It also contains a wavefront corrector module based on two deformable mirrors followed by a classical 3-plane single-stage corona- graph (entrance apodizer, focal-plane mask, Lyot stop) and a science instrument. The back-end instrument will consist of an imaging detector and a high-resolution spectrograph, which is a unique feature of the HCST. The spectrograph instrument will utilize spectral information to characterize simulated planets at the photon-noise limit, measure the chromaticity of new optimized coronagraph and wavefront control concepts, and test the overall scientific functions of high-resolution spectrographs on future segmented telescopes.", "date": "2018-01-22", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 104000X", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180615-144222840", "isbn": "9781510612570", "book_title": "Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets VIII", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180615-144222840", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship", "grant_number": "AST-1602444" }, { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Shaklan-S-B", "name": { "family": "Shaklan", "given": "Stuart" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2274893", "primary_object": { "basename": "104000X.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1se8z-kch33/files/104000X.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Delorme, J. R.; Mawet, D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/atsgj-5cv40", "eprint_id": 84869, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:01:52", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 19:31:13", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Klimovich-N-S", "name": { "family": "Klimovich", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Xin-Yinzi", "name": { "family": "Xin", "given": "Y." } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "G." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "J.-R." } }, { "id": "Xuan-Wenhao-Jerry", "name": { "family": "Xuan", "given": "W." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6618-1137" }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Randolph-M", "name": { "family": "Randolph", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Fucik-J-R", "name": { "family": "Fucik", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. K." } }, { "id": "Wang-Ji", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885" }, { "id": "Vasisht-G", "name": { "family": "Vasisht", "given": "G." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1871-6264" }, { "id": "Dekany-R-G", "name": { "family": "Dekany", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Mennesson-B", "name": { "family": "Mennesson", "given": "B." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4205-4800" }, { "id": "Choquet-\u00c9lodie", "name": { "family": "Choquet", "given": "\u00c9." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9173-0740" }, { "id": "Serabyn-E", "name": { "family": "Serabyn", "given": "E." } } ] }, "title": "Utilizing active single-mode fiber injection for speckle nulling in exoplanet characterization", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "vortex coronagraph, fiber injection unit, speckle nulling, broadband, spectrograph, exoplanet characterization, instrumentation", "note": "\u00a9 2017 SPIE. \n\nThe authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Heising-Simons foundation.\n\nPublished - 104000Y.pdf
", "abstract": "Despite recent advances in high-contrast imaging techniques, high resolution spectroscopy for characterization of exoplanet atmospheres is still limited by our ability to suppress residual starlight speckles at the planet's location. We have demonstrated a new concept for speckle nulling by injecting directly imaged planet light into a single-mode fiber, linking a high-contrast adaptively-corrected coronagraph to a high-resolution spectrograph (diffraction-limited or not). The restrictions on the incident electric field that will couple into the single-mode fiber give the adaptive optics system additional degrees of freedom to suppress the speckle noise on top of destructive interference. We are able to achieve a starlight suppression gains that are an order of magnitude better than conventional techniques in broadband light with minimal planet throughput losses.", "date": "2017-09-01", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180216-132039857", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180216-132039857", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Shaklan-S", "name": { "family": "Shaklan", "given": "Stuart" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2275173", "primary_object": { "basename": "104000Y.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/atsgj-5cv40/files/104000Y.pdf" }, "resource_type": "book_section", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Klimovich, N.; Xin, Y.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.eduhttps://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pg1v3-qgj08", "eprint_id": 75536, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 20:46:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:07:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Xuan-Wenhao", "name": { "family": "Xuan", "given": "Wenhao" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Klimovich-N-S", "name": { "family": "Klimovich", "given": "Nikita S." } }, { "id": "Randolph-M", "name": { "family": "Randolph", "given": "Michael" } }, { "id": "Fucik-J-R", "name": { "family": "Fucik", "given": "Jason" } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "James K." } }, { "id": "Wang-Ji", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Ji" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885" }, { "id": "Vasisht-G", "name": { "family": "Vasisht", "given": "Gautam" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1871-6264" }, { "id": "Dekany-R-G", "name": { "family": "Dekany", "given": "Richard" } }, { "id": "Mennesson-B", "name": { "family": "Mennesson", "given": "Bertrand" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4205-4800" }, { "id": "Choquet-\u00c9lodie", "name": { "family": "Choquet", "given": "\u00c9lodie" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9173-0740" }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Serabyn-E", "name": { "family": "Serabyn", "given": "Eugene" } } ] }, "title": "Observing Exoplanets with High-Dispersion Coronagraphy. II. Demonstration of an Active Single-Mode Fiber Injection Unit", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "brown dwarfs; instrumentation: adaptive optics; instrumentation: spectrographs; techniques: high angular resolution; techniques: spectroscopic", "note": "\u00a9 2017. The American Astronomical Society. \n\nReceived 2016 October 24; revised 2017 February 12; accepted 2017 February 28; published 2017 March 30. \n\nThe authors would like to acknowledge the referee for the thorough review and constructive comments. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Heising\u2013Simons foundation. \n\nFacility: Caltech's High-Contrast Spectroscopy Testbed for Segmented Telescopes (HCST). -\n\nPublished - Mawet_2017_ApJ_838_92.pdf
Submitted - 1703.00583.pdf
Supplemental Material - apjaa647ff7_video.mp4
", "abstract": "High-dispersion coronagraphy (HDC) optimally combines high contrast imaging techniques such as adaptive optics/wavefront control plus coronagraphy to high spectral resolution spectroscopy. HDC is a critical pathway towards fully characterizing exoplanet atmospheres across a broad range of masses from giant gaseous planets down to Earth-like planets. In addition to determining the molecular composition of exoplanet atmospheres, HDC also enables Doppler mapping of atmosphere inhomogeneities (temperature, clouds, wind), as well as precise measurements of exoplanet rotational velocities. Here, we demonstrate an innovative concept for injecting the directly-imaged planet light into a single-mode fiber, linking a high-contrast adaptively-corrected coronagraph to a high-resolution spectrograph (diffraction-limited or not). Our laboratory demonstration includes three key milestones: close-to-theoretical injection efficiency, accurate pointing and tracking, on-fiber coherent modulation and speckle nulling of spurious starlight signal coupling into the fiber. Using the extreme modal selectivity of single-mode fibers, we also demonstrated speckle suppression gains that outperform conventional image-based speckle nulling by at least two orders of magnitude.", "date": "2017-04-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal", "volume": "838", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 92", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170330-075341818", "issn": "1538-4357", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170330-075341818", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/aa647f", "primary_object": { "basename": "apjaa647ff7_video.mp4", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pg1v3-qgj08/files/apjaa647ff7_video.mp4" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1703.00583.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pg1v3-qgj08/files/1703.00583.pdf" }, { "basename": "Mawet_2017_ApJ_838_92.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pg1v3-qgj08/files/Mawet_2017_ApJ_838_92.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Mawet, Dimitri; Ruane, Garreth; et el." } ]