[
    {
        "id": "authors:k1vem-yhy78",
        "collection": "authors",
        "collection_id": "k1vem-yhy78",
        "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170821-162850461",
        "type": "article",
        "title": "Introduction to the Plasma Issue",
        "author": [
            {
                "family_name": "Dow",
                "given_name": "D. G.",
                "clpid": "Dow-D-G"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Herold",
                "given_name": "E. W.",
                "clpid": "Herold-E-W"
            }
        ],
        "abstract": "The study of the physics of ionized gases has had a long\nand complicated history. The word \"plasma\" was first\ncoined by Langmuir and Tonks in 1929 to denote a gas in\nwhich an important fraction of the molecules are dissociated\ninto ions and electrons, the gas as a whole remaining electrically neutral. The laboratory study of plasmas, of\ncourse, had been pursued long before that, many important\ndiscoveries in the realm of gas discharge phenomena\nhaving been made in the 1800's. These studies, continuing\ninto the Twentieth Century as exemplified by the\nwork of Langmuir, served as the foundation for many practical electronic devices used for the generation, rectification, and control of electrical energy. The\nplasmas used in these devices usually have a low-charge\ndensity, and the fractional ionization is ordinarily less\nthan one per cent. This small percentage of ionization \nis sufficient to provide good electrical conductivity\nwhich can be controlled externally, but it is difficult\nto study theoretically because of the numerous competing\nprocesses involving neutral atoms, metastable atoms,\nions, electrons, and collective oscillations of\nions and electrons.",
        "doi": "10.1109/JRPROC.1961.287704",
        "issn": "0096-8390",
        "publisher": "IRE",
        "publication": "Proceedings of the IRE",
        "publication_date": "1961-12",
        "series_number": "12",
        "volume": "49",
        "issue": "12",
        "pages": "1747-1750"
    }
]