[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y3wvx-1zx75", "eprint_id": 105919, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:32:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 22:51:11", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Bond-C-Z", "name": { "family": "Bond", "given": "Charlotte Z." } }, { "id": "Cetre-S", "name": { "family": "Cetre", "given": "Sylvain" } }, { "id": "Lilley-S-J", "name": { "family": "Lilley", "given": "Scott" } }, { "id": "Wizinowich-P-L", "name": { "family": "Wizinowich", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Chun-Mark-R", "name": { "family": "Chun", "given": "Mark" } }, { "id": "Wetherell-E", "name": { "family": "Wetherell", "given": "Edward" } }, { "id": "Jacobson-S-M", "name": { "family": "Jacobson", "given": "Shane" } }, { "id": "Lockhart-Charles", "name": { "family": "Lockhart", "given": "Charles" } }, { "id": "Warmbier-E-A", "name": { "family": "Warmbier", "given": "Eric" } }, { "id": "Ragland-S-D", "name": { "family": "Ragland", "given": "Sam" } }, { "id": "Alvarez-Carlos", "name": { "family": "Alvarez", "given": "Carlos" } }, { "id": "Guyon-O", "name": { "family": "Guyon", "given": "Olivier" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1097-9908" }, { "id": "Goebel-S-B", "name": { "family": "Goebel", "given": "Sean" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3763-2418" }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207" }, { "id": "Hall-D-N-B", "name": { "family": "Hall", "given": "Donald N." } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "James K." } }, { "id": "Taheri-Mojtaba", "name": { "family": "Taheri", "given": "Mojtaba" } }, { "id": "Plantet-C", "name": { "family": "Plantet", "given": "Cedric" } }, { "id": "Chambouleyron-V", "name": { "family": "Chambouleyron", "given": "Vincent" } } ] }, "title": "Adaptive optics with an infrared pyramid wavefront sensor at Keck", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "adaptive optics; astronomy; wavefront sensing; infrared", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. \n\nReceived: 23 March 2020; Accepted: 27 August 2020; Published: 24 September 2020. \n\nThe near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1611623. The camera used with the pyramid wavefront sensor is provided by Don Hall with support by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-1106391. The FIU is supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation. The W. M. Keck Observatory is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. The authors wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.\n\n
Published - 039003_1.pdf
", "abstract": "The study of cold or obscured, red astrophysical sources can significantly benefit from adaptive optics (AO) systems employing infrared (IR) wavefront sensors. One particular area is the study of exoplanets around M-dwarf stars and planet formation within protoplanetary disks in star-forming regions. Such objects are faint at visible wavelengths but bright enough in the IR to be used as a natural guide star for the AO system. Doing the wavefront sensing at IR wavelengths enables high-resolution AO correction for such science cases, with the potential to reach the contrasts required for direct imaging of exoplanets. To this end, a new near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor (PyWFS) has been added to the Keck II AO system, extending the performance of the facility AO system for the study of faint red objects. We present the Keck II PyWFS, which represents a number of firsts, including the first PyWFS installed on a segmented telescope and the first use of an IR PyWFS on a 10-m class telescope. We discuss the scientific and technological advantages offered by IR wavefront sensing and present the design and commissioning of the Keck PyWFS. In particular, we report on the performance of the Selex Avalanche Photodiode for HgCdTe InfraRed Array detector used for the PyWFS and highlight the novelty of this wavefront sensor in terms of the performance for faint red objects and the improvement in contrast. The system has been commissioned for science with the vortex coronagraph in the NIRC2 IR science instrument and is being commissioned alongside a new fiber injection unit for NIRSPEC. We present the first science verification of the system\u2014to facilitate the study of exoplanets around M-type stars.", "date": "2020-07", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems", "volume": "6", "number": "3", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "pagerange": "Art. No. 039003", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20201008-100949118", "issn": "2329-4124", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20201008-100949118", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1611623" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1106391" }, { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "W. M. Keck Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/1.JATIS.6.3.039003", "primary_object": { "basename": "039003_1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y3wvx-1zx75/files/039003_1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Bond, Charlotte Z.; Cetre, Sylvain; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p32nw-tds18", "eprint_id": 102965, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 05:12:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 00:40:00", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wang-Jason-J", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Jason J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502" }, { "name": { "family": "Ginzburg", "given": "Sivan" } }, { "id": "Ren-Bin", "name": { "family": "Ren", "given": "Bin" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1698-9696" }, { "id": "Wallack-N-L", "name": { "family": "Wallack", "given": "Nicole" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0354-0187" }, { "name": { "family": "Gao", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8518-9601" }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "name": { "family": "Bond", "given": "Charlotte Z." } }, { "name": { "family": "Cetre", "given": "Sylvain" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wizinowich", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" }, { "name": { "family": "De Rosa", "given": "Robert J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4918-0247" }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2232-7664" }, { "name": { "family": "Alvarez", "given": "Carlos" } }, { "name": { "family": "Baranec", "given": "Christoph" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1917-9157" }, { "name": { "family": "Choquet", "given": "\u00c9lodie" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9173-0740" }, { "name": { "family": "Chun", "given": "Mark" } }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "name": { "family": "Duch\u00eane", "given": "Gaspard" } }, { "name": { "family": "Ghez", "given": "Andrea M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3230-5055" }, { "name": { "family": "Guyon", "given": "Olivier" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1097-9908" }, { "name": { "family": "Hall", "given": "Donald N. B." } }, { "name": { "family": "Jensen-Clem", "given": "Rebecca" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0054-2953" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207" }, { "name": { "family": "Lilley", "given": "Scott" } }, { "name": { "family": "M\u00e9nard", "given": "Fran\u00e7ois" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1637-7393" }, { "id": "Meshkat-T", "name": { "family": "Meshkat", "given": "Tiffany" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6126-2467" }, { "id": "Millar-Blanchaer-M-A", "name": { "family": "Millar-Blanchaer", "given": "Maxwell A." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6205-9233" }, { "name": { "family": "Ngo", "given": "Henry" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5172-4859" }, { "name": { "family": "Pinte", "given": "Christophe" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5907-5179" }, { "name": { "family": "Ragland", "given": "Sam" } }, { "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Ji" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885" }, { "name": { "family": "Wetherell", "given": "Ed" } }, { "name": { "family": "Williams", "given": "Jonathan P." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5058-695X" }, { "id": "Ygouf-M", "name": { "family": "Ygouf", "given": "Marie" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7591-2731" }, { "name": { "family": "Zuckerman", "given": "Ben" } }, { "id": "Matthews-Keith-Astronomy", "name": { "family": "Matthews", "given": "Keith" } }, { "id": "Serabyn-E", "name": { "family": "Serabyn", "given": "Eugene" } } ] }, "title": "Keck/NIRC2 L'-Band Imaging of Jovian-Mass Accreting Protoplanets around PDS 70", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Exoplanet formation; Exoplanet atmospheres; Orbit determination; Exoplanet dynamics; Coronagraphic imaging", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The American Astronomical Society.\n\nReceived 2020 March 13; revised 2020 April 10; accepted 2020 April 17; published 2020 May 18.\n\nWe thank Trevor David for helpful discussion and the referees for their helpful suggestions for the paper. J.J.W., S.G., and P.G. are supported by the Heising-Simons Foundation 51 Pegasi b postdoctoral fellowship. The Keck infrared pyramid wave front sensor was developed with support from the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. AST-1611623 and AST-1106391, as well as the Heising Simons Foundation under the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer project. This research is partially supported by NASA ROSES XRP, award 80NSSC19K0294. F.M. acknowledges funding from ANR of France under contract ANR-16-CE31-0013. Part of the computations presented here were conducted on the Caltech High Performance Cluster, partially supported by a grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (grant agreement 337569, VORTEX) and under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 819155, EPIC). The research was supported by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation (grant for Concerted Research Actions). Data presented in this work were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. We wish to recognize and acknowledge the very significant cultural role and reverence that the summit of Maunakea has always had within the indigenous Hawaiian community. We are most fortunate to have the opportunity to conduct observations from this mountain.\n\nFacility: Keck II (NIRC2). -\n\nSoftware: pyKLIP (Wang et al. 2015), orbitize! (Blunt et al. 2020), DebrisDiskFM (Ren et al. 2019), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), ptemcee (Vousden et al. 2016), MCFOST (Pinte et al. 2006, 2009).\n\nPublished - Wang_2020_AJ_159_263.pdf
Submitted - 2004.09597.pdf
", "abstract": "We present L'-band imaging of the PDS 70 planetary system with Keck/NIRC2 using the new infrared pyramid wave front sensor. We detected both PDS 70 b and c in our images, as well as the front rim of the circumstellar disk. After subtracting off a model of the disk, we measured the astrometry and photometry of both planets. Placing priors based on the dynamics of the system, we estimated PDS 70 b to have a semimajor axis of 20\u207a\u00b3\u208b\u2084 au and PDS 70 c to have a semimajor axis of 34\u207a\u00b9\u00b2\u208b\u2086 au (95% credible interval). We fit the spectral energy distribution (SED) of both planets. For PDS 70 b, we were able to place better constraints on the red half of its SED than previous studies and inferred the radius of the photosphere to be 2\u20133 R_(Jup). The SED of PDS 70 c is less well constrained, with a range of total luminosities spanning an order of magnitude. With our inferred radii and luminosities, we used evolutionary models of accreting protoplanets to derive a mass of PDS 70 b between 2 and 4 M_(Jup) and a mean mass accretion rate between 3 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2077 and 8 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2077 M_(Jup)/yr. For PDS 70 c, we computed a mass between 1 and 3 M_(Jup) and mean mass accretion rate between 1 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2077 and 5 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2077 M_(Jup) /yr. The mass accretion rates imply dust accretion timescales short enough to hide strong molecular absorption features in both planets' SEDs.", "date": "2020-06", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astronomical Journal", "volume": "159", "number": "6", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 263", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200501-110445577", "issn": "1538-3881", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200501-110445577", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation", "grant_number": "51 Pegasi b Fellowship" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1611623" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1106391" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "80NSSC19K0294" }, { "agency": "Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR)", "grant_number": "ANR-16-CE31-0013" }, { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "337569" }, { "agency": "European Research Council (ERC)", "grant_number": "819155" }, { "agency": "Wallonia-Brussels Federation" }, { "agency": "W. M. Keck Foundation" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" }, { "id": "Infrared-Processing-and-Analysis-Center-(IPAC)" } ] }, "doi": "10.3847/1538-3881/ab8aef", "primary_object": { "basename": "2004.09597.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p32nw-tds18/files/2004.09597.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Wang_2020_AJ_159_263.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p32nw-tds18/files/Wang_2020_AJ_159_263.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Wang, Jason J.; Ginzburg, Sivan; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3anw2-1zr92", "eprint_id": 101057, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:10:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 22:24:07", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop-Sayson", "given": "Jorge" } }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Coker-C-T", "name": { "family": "Coker", "given": "Carl T." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9954-7887" }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Fucik-J-R", "name": { "family": "Fucik", "given": "Jason" } }, { "id": "Riggs-A-J-E", "name": { "family": "Riggs", "given": "A. J. Eldorado" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0863-6228" }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. Kent" } } ] }, "title": "High-contrast Demonstration of an Apodized Vortex Coronagraph", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Exoplanets; Coronographic imaging; Direct imaging; Space telescopes", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. \n\nReceived 2019 November 1; revised 2019 December 7; accepted 2019 December 16; published 2020 February 3. \n\nThe first author J.L.S. is partially supported by the National Science Foundation AST-ATI Grant 1710210. Part of this work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).\n\nPublished - pdf
", "abstract": "High-contrast imaging is the primary path to the direct detection and characterization of Earth-like planets around solar-type stars; a cleverly designed internal coronagraph suppresses the light from the star, revealing the elusive circumstellar companions. However, future large-aperture telescopes (>4 m in diameter) will likely have segmented primary mirrors, which cause additional diffraction of unwanted stellar light. Here we present the first high-contrast laboratory demonstration of an apodized vortex coronagraph, in which an apodizer is placed upstream of a vortex focal plane mask to improve its performance with a segmented aperture. The gray-scale apodization is numerically optimized to yield a better sensitivity to faint companions assuming an aperture shape similar to the LUVOIR-B concept. Using wavefront sensing and control over a one-sided dark hole, we achieve a raw contrast of 2 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2078 in monochromatic light at 775 nm, and a raw contrast of 4 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2078 in a 10% bandwidth. These results open the path to a new family of coronagraph designs, optimally suited for next-generation segmented space telescopes.", "date": "2020-03", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astronomical Journal", "volume": "159", "number": "3", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 79", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200203-092720940", "issn": "1538-3881", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200203-092720940", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1720210" }, { "agency": "NASA/JPL/Caltech" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.3847/1538-3881/ab6329", "primary_object": { "basename": "pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/3anw2-1zr92/files/pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Llop-Sayson, Jorge; Ruane, Garreth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zfc34-edf92", "eprint_id": 99929, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:32:39", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:55:42", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Galicher-R", "name": { "family": "Galicher", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Baudoz-P", "name": { "family": "Baudoz", "given": "P." } }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "J.-R." } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Bottom-M", "name": { "family": "Bottom", "given": "M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1341-5531" }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. K." } }, { "id": "Serabyn-E", "name": { "family": "Serabyn", "given": "E." } }, { "id": "Shelton-Christopher", "name": { "family": "Shelton", "given": "C." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8982-1654" } ] }, "title": "Minimization of non-common path aberrations at the Palomar telescope using a self-coherent camera", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "instrumentation: adaptive optics \u2013 instrumentation: high angular resolution \u2013 techniques: high angular resolution", "note": "\u00a9 2019 R. Galicher et al. Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. \n\nReceived 10 July 2019; Accepted 16 September 2019; Published online 07 November 2019. \n\nThe authors thank the R\u00e9gion \u00cele-de-France and the Science Council of the Paris Observatory for their support of this work.\n\nPublished - aa36282-19.pdf
Accepted Version - 1909.09130.pdf
", "abstract": "Context. The two main advantages of exoplanet imaging are the discovery of objects in the outer part of stellar systems, which constrains the models of planet formation, and its ability to spectrally characterize the planets to study their atmospheres. It is, however, challenging because exoplanets are up to 10\u00b9\u2070 times fainter than their stars and are separated by a fraction of an arcsecond. Current instruments like SPHERE-VLT or GPI-Gemini detect young and massive planets only because of non-common path aberrations (NCPA) that are not corrected by the adaptive optics system. To probe fainter exoplanets a new instruments capable of minimizing the NCPA is needed. One solution is the self-coherent camera (SCC) focal plane wavefront sensor which is able to attenuate the starlight by factors of up to several 10\u2078 in the laboratory in space-like conditions. \n\nAims. In this paper, we demonstrate the SCC on the sky for the first time. \n\nMethods. We installed an SCC on the stellar double coronagraph instrument at the Hale telescope. We minimize the NCPA that limited the vortex coronagraph performance. We then compared this procedure to the standard procedure used at Palomar. \n\nResults. On internal sources, we demonstrated that the SCC improves the coronagraphic detection limit by a factor of 4\u201320 between 1.5 and 5\u2006\u03bb/D. Using this SCC calibration, the on-sky contrast is improved by a factor of 5 between 2 and 4\u2006\u03bb/D. These results prove the ability of the SCC to be implemented in an existing instrument. \n\nConclusions. This paper highlights two interests of the self-coherent camera. First, the SCC can minimize the speckle intensity in the field of view, especially the ones that are very close to the star where many exoplanets are to be discovered. Then the SCC has a 100% efficiency with science time as each image can be used for both science and NCPA minimization.", "date": "2019-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astronomy and Astrophysics", "volume": "631", "publisher": "EDP Sciences", "pagerange": "Art. No. A143", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20191119-102223823", "issn": "0004-6361", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191119-102223823", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "R\u00e9gion \u00cele-de-France" }, { "agency": "Paris Observatory" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/201936282", "primary_object": { "basename": "aa36282-19.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zfc34-edf92/files/aa36282-19.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1909.09130.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/zfc34-edf92/files/1909.09130.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Galicher, R.; Baudoz, P.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kvnsc-cn042", "eprint_id": 99219, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 02:51:59", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 17:58:37", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Dupuy-T-J", "name": { "family": "Dupuy", "given": "Trent J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9823-1445" }, { "id": "Liu-Michael-C", "name": { "family": "Liu", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2232-7664" }, { "id": "Best-W-M-J", "name": { "family": "Best", "given": "William M. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0562-1511" }, { "id": "Mann-A-W", "name": { "family": "Mann", "given": "Andrew W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3654-1602" }, { "id": "Tucker-M-A", "name": { "family": "Tucker", "given": "Michael A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2471-8442" }, { "id": "Zhang-Zhoujian", "name": { "family": "Zhang", "given": "Zhoujian" } }, { "id": "Baraffe-Isabelle", "name": { "family": "Baraffe", "given": "Isabelle" } }, { "id": "Chabrier-Giles", "name": { "family": "Chabrier", "given": "Gilles" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8342-9149" }, { "id": "Forveille-Thierry", "name": { "family": "Forveille", "given": "Thierry" } }, { "id": "Metchev-S-A", "name": { "family": "Metchev", "given": "Stanimir A." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3050-8203" }, { "id": "Tremblin-Pascal", "name": { "family": "Tremblin", "given": "Pascal" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6172-3403" }, { "id": "Do-Aaron", "name": { "family": "Do", "given": "Aaron" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3429-7845" }, { "id": "Payne-A-V", "name": { "family": "Payne", "given": "Anna V." } }, { "id": "Shappee-B-J", "name": { "family": "Shappee", "given": "B. J." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4631-1149" }, { "id": "Bond-C-Z", "name": { "family": "Bond", "given": "Charlotte Z." } }, { "id": "Cetre-Sylvain", "name": { "family": "Cetre", "given": "Sylvain" } }, { "id": "Chun-Mark-R", "name": { "family": "Chun", "given": "Mark" } }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Lilley-S-J", "name": { "family": "Lilley", "given": "Scott" } }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Ragland-Sam", "name": { "family": "Ragland", "given": "Sam" } }, { "id": "Wetherell-Ed", "name": { "family": "Wetherell", "given": "Ed" } }, { "id": "Wizinowich-P-L", "name": { "family": "Wizinowich", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1646-442X" } ] }, "title": "WISE J072003.20-084651.2B is a Massive T Dwarf", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Brown dwarfs; Astrometry; Visual binary stars; Astrometric binary stars; T dwarfs; M dwarf stars", "note": "\u00a9 2019 The American Astronomical Society.\n\nReceived 2019 June 7; revised 2019 August 11; accepted 2019 August 18; published 2019 October.\n\nData presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.\n\nBased on data obtained with WIRCam, a joint project of CFHT, Taiwan, Korea, Canada, France, at the Canada\u2013France\u2013Hawaii Telescope, which is operated by the National Research Council of Canada, the Institute National des Sciences de l'Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii.\n\nT.J.D. acknowledges research support from Gemini Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., on behalf of the international Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America. M.C.L. acknowledges National Science Foundation (NSF) grant AST-1518339. The near-infrared pyramid wavefront sensor is supported by NSF grant AST-1611623. The camera used with the pyramid wavefront sensor is provided by Don Hall with support from the National Science Foundation under grant AST-1106391. M.A.T. acknowledges support from the DOE CSGF through grant DE-SC0019323. Our research has employed NASA ADS; SIMBAD; VizieR; and J. R. A. Davenport's IDL implementation of the cubehelix color scheme (Green 2011).\n\nFacilities: Keck:II (LGS AO - , NIRC2 - , PyWFS AO) - , CFHT (WIRCam) - , IRTF (SpeX) - , UH:2.2 m (SNIFS). -\n\nSoftware: Spextool (Cushing et al. 2004), emcee (Foreman-Mackey et al. 2013), M_-M_K- (Mann et al. 2019).\n\nPublished - Dupuy_2019_AJ_158_174.pdf
Accepted Version - 1908.06994.pdf
", "abstract": "We present individual dynamical masses for the nearby M9.5+T5.5 binary WISE J072003.20\u2212084651.2AB, a.k.a. Scholz's star. Combining high-precision Canada\u2013France\u2013Hawaii Telescope/WIRCam photocenter astrometry and Keck adaptive optics resolved imaging, we measure the first high-quality parallactic distance (6.80^(+0.05)_(\u22120.06) pc) and orbit (8.06^(+0.24)_(\u22120.25) yr period) for this system composed of a low-mass star and brown dwarf. We find a moderately eccentric orbit (e = 0.240^(+0.009)_(\u22120.010)), incompatible with previous work based on less data, and dynamical masses of 99 \u00b1 6 M_(Jup) and 66 \u00b1 4 M_(Jup) for the two components. The primary mass is marginally inconsistent (2.1\u03c3) with the empirical mass\u2013magnitude\u2013metallicity relation and models of main-sequence stars. The relatively high mass of the cold (T_(eff) = 1250\u00b140 K) brown dwarf companion indicates an age older than a few gigayears, in accord with age estimates for the primary star, and is consistent with our recent estimate of \u224870 M_(Jup) for the stellar/substellar boundary among the field population. Our improved parallax and proper motion, as well as an orbit-corrected system velocity, improve the accuracy of the system's close encounter with the solar system by an order of magnitude. WISE J0720\u22120846AB passed within 68.7 \u00b1 2.0 kau of the Sun 80.5 \u00b1 0.7 kyr ago, passing through the outer Oort cloud where comets can have stable orbits.", "date": "2019-11", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astronomical Journal", "volume": "158", "number": "5", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 174", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20191010-135451169", "issn": "1538-3881", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191010-135451169", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "W. M. Keck Foundation" }, { "agency": "Gemini Observatory" }, { "agency": "Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1518339" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1611623" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-1106391" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)", "grant_number": "DE-SC0019323" }, { "agency": "Department of Energy (DOE)" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.3847/1538-3881/ab3cd1", "primary_object": { "basename": "1908.06994.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kvnsc-cn042/files/1908.06994.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Dupuy_2019_AJ_158_174.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kvnsc-cn042/files/Dupuy_2019_AJ_158_174.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Dupuy, Trent J.; Liu, Michael C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fhrsk-yh704", "eprint_id": 94385, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 00:36:52", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 17:55:25", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Llop-Sayson-J-D", "name": { "family": "Llop Sayson", "given": "Jorge" } }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5213-6207" }, { "id": "Calvin-B-A", "name": { "family": "Calvin", "given": "Benjamin" } }, { "id": "Levraud-N", "name": { "family": "Levraud", "given": "Nicolas" } }, { "id": "Roberson-M", "name": { "family": "Roberson", "given": "Milan" } }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Klimovich-N-S", "name": { "family": "Klimovich", "given": "Nikita" } }, { "id": "Xin-Yeyuan", "name": { "family": "Xin", "given": "Yeyuan" } } ] }, "title": "Demonstration of an electric field conjugation algorithm for improved starlight rejection through a single mode optical fiber", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "exoplanets; high contrast imaging; wavefront control; wavefront sensing; spectroscopy", "note": "\u00a9 The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. \n\nPaper 18116 received Nov. 16, 2018; accepted for publication Mar. 7, 2019; published online Mar. 26, 2019.\n\nPublished - 019004_1.pdf
", "abstract": "Linking a coronagraph instrument to a spectrograph via a single-mode optical fiber is a pathway toward detailed characterization of exoplanet atmospheres with current and future ground- and space-based telescopes. However, given the extreme brightness ratio and small angular separation between planets and their host stars, the planet signal-to-noise ratio will likely be limited by the unwanted coupling of starlight into the fiber. To address this issue, we utilize a wavefront control loop and a deformable mirror to systematically reject starlight from the fiber by measuring what is transmitted through the fiber. The wavefront control algorithm is based on the formalism of electric field conjugation (EFC), which in our case accounts for the spatial mode selectivity of the fiber. This is achieved by using a control output that is the overlap integral of the electric field with the fundamental mode of a single-mode fiber. This quantity can be estimated by pairwise image plane probes injected using a deformable mirror. We present simulation and laboratory results that demonstrate our approach offers a significant improvement in starlight suppression through the fiber relative to a conventional EFC controller. With our experimental setup, which provides an initial normalized intensity of 3\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u200910\u2009\u2009\u2212\u2009\u20094 in the fiber at an angular separation of 4\u03bb\u2009\u2009/\u2009\u2009D, we obtain a final normalized intensity of 3\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u200910\u2009\u2009\u2212\u2009\u20096 in monochromatic light at \u03bb\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u2009635\u2009\u2009nm through the fiber (100\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u2009 suppression factor) and 2\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u200910\u2009\u2009\u2212\u2009\u20095 in \u0394\u03bb\u2009\u2009/\u2009\u2009\u03bb\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u20098\u2009\u2009%\u2009\u2009 broadband light about \u03bb\u2009\u2009=\u2009\u2009625\u2009\u2009nm (10\u2009\u2009\u00d7\u2009\u2009 suppression factor). The fiber-based approach improves the sensitivity of spectral measurements at high contrast and may serve as an integral part of future space-based exoplanet imaging missions as well as ground-based instruments.", "date": "2019-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems", "volume": "5", "number": "1", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "pagerange": "Art. No. 019004", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190402-160051415", "issn": "2329-4124", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190402-160051415", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/1.jatis.5.1.019004", "primary_object": { "basename": "019004_1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/fhrsk-yh704/files/019004_1.pdf" }, "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Llop Sayson, Jorge; Ruane, Garreth; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qc20s-gpq41", "eprint_id": 90866, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:41:09", "lastmod": "2023-10-19 14:58:10", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Wang-Ji", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Ji" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885" }, { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Jovanovic-N", "name": { "family": "Jovanovic", "given": "Nemanja" } }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Mennesson-B", "name": { "family": "Mennesson", "given": "Bertrand" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4205-4800" }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "J. Kent" } } ] }, "title": "Efficient Spectroscopy of Exoplanets at Small Angular Separations with Vortex Fiber Nulling", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "instrumentation: adaptive optics \u2013 instrumentation: high angular resolution \u2013 techniques: spectroscopic", "note": "\u00a9 2018. The American Astronomical Society. Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. \n\nReceived 2018 April 16; revised 2018 September 5; accepted 2018 September 15; published 2018 November 9. \n\nG.R. is supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1602444.\n\nPublished - Ruane_2018_ApJ_867_143.pdf
Accepted Version - 1809.06483
", "abstract": "Instrumentation designed to characterize potentially habitable planets may combine adaptive optics and high-resolution spectroscopy techniques to achieve the highest possible sensitivity to spectral signs of life. Detecting the weak signal from a planet containing biomarkers will require exquisite control of the optical wavefront to maximize the planet signal and significantly reduce unwanted starlight. We present an optical technique, known as vortex fiber nulling (VFN), that allows polychromatic light from faint planets at extremely small separations from their host stars (\u227e\u03bb/D) to be efficiently routed to a diffraction-limited spectrograph via a single-mode optical fiber, while light from the star is prevented from entering the spectrograph. VFN takes advantage of the spatial selectivity of a single-mode fiber to isolate the light from close-in companions in a small field of view around the star. We provide theoretical performance predictions of a conceptual design and show that VFN may be utilized to characterize planets detected by radial velocity (RV) instruments in the infrared without knowledge of the azimuthal orientation of their orbits. Using a spectral template-matching technique, we calculate an integration time of ~400, ~100, and ~30 hr for Ross 128 b with Keck, the Thirty Meter Telescope, and the Large Ultraviolet/Optical/Infrared Surveyor, respectively.", "date": "2018-11-10", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal", "volume": "867", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 143", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20181113-112609469", "issn": "1538-4357", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181113-112609469", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship", "grant_number": "AST-1602444" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/aae262", "primary_object": { "basename": "1809.06483", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qc20s-gpq41/files/1809.06483" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "Ruane_2018_ApJ_867_143.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qc20s-gpq41/files/Ruane_2018_ApJ_867_143.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Ruane, Garreth; Wang, Ji; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pg1v3-qgj08", "eprint_id": 75536, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 20:46:46", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 15:07:29", "type": "article", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Mawet-D", "name": { "family": "Mawet", "given": "Dimitri" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8895-4735" }, { "id": "Ruane-G-J", "name": { "family": "Ruane", "given": "Garreth" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4769-1665" }, { "id": "Xuan-Wenhao", "name": { "family": "Xuan", "given": "Wenhao" } }, { "id": "Echeverri-D", "name": { "family": "Echeverri", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1583-2040" }, { "id": "Klimovich-N-S", "name": { "family": "Klimovich", "given": "Nikita S." } }, { "id": "Randolph-M", "name": { "family": "Randolph", "given": "Michael" } }, { "id": "Fucik-J-R", "name": { "family": "Fucik", "given": "Jason" } }, { "id": "Wallace-J-K", "name": { "family": "Wallace", "given": "James K." } }, { "id": "Wang-Ji", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Ji" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4361-8885" }, { "id": "Vasisht-G", "name": { "family": "Vasisht", "given": "Gautam" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1871-6264" }, { "id": "Dekany-R-G", "name": { "family": "Dekany", "given": "Richard" } }, { "id": "Mennesson-B", "name": { "family": "Mennesson", "given": "Bertrand" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4205-4800" }, { "id": "Choquet-\u00c9lodie", "name": { "family": "Choquet", "given": "\u00c9lodie" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9173-0740" }, { "id": "Delorme-J-R", "name": { "family": "Delorme", "given": "Jacques-Robert" } }, { "id": "Serabyn-E", "name": { "family": "Serabyn", "given": "Eugene" } } ] }, "title": "Observing Exoplanets with High-Dispersion Coronagraphy. II. Demonstration of an Active Single-Mode Fiber Injection Unit", "ispublished": "pub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "brown dwarfs; instrumentation: adaptive optics; instrumentation: spectrographs; techniques: high angular resolution; techniques: spectroscopic", "note": "\u00a9 2017. The American Astronomical Society. \n\nReceived 2016 October 24; revised 2017 February 12; accepted 2017 February 28; published 2017 March 30. \n\nThe authors would like to acknowledge the referee for the thorough review and constructive comments. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Heising\u2013Simons foundation. \n\nFacility: Caltech's High-Contrast Spectroscopy Testbed for Segmented Telescopes (HCST). -\n\nPublished - Mawet_2017_ApJ_838_92.pdf
Submitted - 1703.00583.pdf
Supplemental Material - apjaa647ff7_video.mp4
", "abstract": "High-dispersion coronagraphy (HDC) optimally combines high contrast imaging techniques such as adaptive optics/wavefront control plus coronagraphy to high spectral resolution spectroscopy. HDC is a critical pathway towards fully characterizing exoplanet atmospheres across a broad range of masses from giant gaseous planets down to Earth-like planets. In addition to determining the molecular composition of exoplanet atmospheres, HDC also enables Doppler mapping of atmosphere inhomogeneities (temperature, clouds, wind), as well as precise measurements of exoplanet rotational velocities. Here, we demonstrate an innovative concept for injecting the directly-imaged planet light into a single-mode fiber, linking a high-contrast adaptively-corrected coronagraph to a high-resolution spectrograph (diffraction-limited or not). Our laboratory demonstration includes three key milestones: close-to-theoretical injection efficiency, accurate pointing and tracking, on-fiber coherent modulation and speckle nulling of spurious starlight signal coupling into the fiber. Using the extreme modal selectivity of single-mode fibers, we also demonstrated speckle suppression gains that outperform conventional image-based speckle nulling by at least two orders of magnitude.", "date": "2017-04-01", "date_type": "published", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal", "volume": "838", "number": "2", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "pagerange": "Art. No. 92", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170330-075341818", "issn": "1538-4357", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170330-075341818", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Heising-Simons Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Fellowship" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Astronomy-Department" } ] }, "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/aa647f", "primary_object": { "basename": "apjaa647ff7_video.mp4", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pg1v3-qgj08/files/apjaa647ff7_video.mp4" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "1703.00583.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pg1v3-qgj08/files/1703.00583.pdf" }, { "basename": "Mawet_2017_ApJ_838_92.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pg1v3-qgj08/files/Mawet_2017_ApJ_838_92.pdf" } ], "resource_type": "article", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Mawet, Dimitri; Ruane, Garreth; et el." } ]