[ { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/14403", "eprint_id": 14403, "rev_number": 40, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/135211", "doc_id": 135211, "rev_number": 5, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/384743", "fileid": 384743, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 135211, "filename": "muir_jack_b_2021_final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "e856bbf508f4279c9256b1aba58962dd", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 45918699, "mtime": "2021-10-20 22:47:46", "url": "/14403/1/muir_jack_b_2021_final.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 14403, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "muir_jack_b_2021_final.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/135212", "doc_id": 135212, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/384745", "fileid": 384745, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 135212, "filename": "Thesis.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "hash": "cd8a6ff050e6fd0718f33f70595850f1", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 117066683, "mtime": "2021-10-20 23:18:16", "url": "/14403/2/Thesis.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 14403, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "application/zip", "format": "application/zip", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Thesis.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "archival" }, { "id": "/id/document/135213", "doc_id": 135213, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/384747", "fileid": 384747, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 135213, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "0b5216f9685d05c13205513057a14347", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 44035, "mtime": "2021-10-20 23:27:56", "url": "/14403/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 14403, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/135211" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/135211" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/135211" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 11141, "dir": "disk0/00/01/44/03", "datestamp": "2021-10-25 16:17:23", "lastmod": "2022-10-28 20:07:15", "status_changed": "2021-10-25 16:17:23", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "jack.b.muir@gmail.com", "id": "Muir-Jack-Broderick", "name": { "family": "Muir", "given": "Jack Broderick" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2617-3420", "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Model Parameterization and Model Selection in Geophysical Inverse Problems. Designing Inverse Problems that Respect a priori Geophysical Knowledge", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geophysics", "abstract": "
The vast majority of the Earth system is inaccessible to direct observation. Consequently, the structure and dynamics of the Earth can only be determined indirectly, via geophysical sensing. These methods have the mathematical form of an inverse problem, in which the data and the unknowns are linked by a physical process, such as seismic wave propagation. From the possibly noisy data, we have indirect access to the unknowns. The vast majority of geophysical inverse problems are ill-posed, and require the provision of a priori knowledge to stabilize the solution. This thesis investigates methods for designing inverse problems to better take advantage of geophysical or geological constraints, to allow better resolution or more interpretability of the solutions. Four major themes are investigated: In Chapter 2, we study the collection of a novel dataset of Rayleigh wave horizontal-to-vertical ratios to provide stronger constraints on upper-crustal structure in Southern California. In Chapters 3 and 4, we develop a method for wavefield-reconstruction of sparse seismic data, including heterogeneous networks consisting of both displacement and strain instruments. This method amounts to an inversion in data-space, and promises to unlock the potential of wavefield based methods for complex datasets. In Chapters 5 and 6, we investigate a new structural parameterization based on a combination of Gaussian processes and the level-set method, that better models discontinuous geological features such as sedimentary basins. We test our method on a variety of synthetic and real datasets, culminating in a detailed study of the northeastern Los Angeles basin, which we found to be significantly deeper and steeper than in previous models. Finally, we develop a method of model selection for noisy historical datasets, which we investigate using the case study of correcting Oldham's data misinterpretation in the 1906 paper that \"discovered\" Earth's core.
", "date": "2022", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:10202021-003229377", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10202021-003229377", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Article adapted for chapter 2", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1785/0120170051" }, { "description": "Article adapted for chapter 3", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab222" }, { "description": "Article adapted for chapter 5", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz472" }, { "description": "Article adapted for chapter 7", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1785/0220190266" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "General Sir John Monash Foundation" }, { "agency": "Southern California Earthquake Center", "grant_number": "20024" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EAR-1848166" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "NSF/IUCRC GMG" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EAR-1453263" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EAR-1520081" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EAR-2105358" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "EAR-2011079" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Melissa Ray", "local_group": { "items": [ "Center for Geomechanics and Mitigation of Geohazards (GMG)" ] }, "suggestions": "moved to public view 10/29/2021. Discovered it fully embargoed, but no trace of an embargo request - skj 20211029\r\n\r\n// Under a 1-week embargo due to be released 2021-11-01 but I was a few days late because of other job duties. - Mel 2021-11-03", "deposited_by": "Jack Muir", "deposited_on": "2021-10-25 16:17:23", "doi": "10.7907/203d-yx49", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "victor_tsai@brown.edu", "id": "Tsai-V-C", "name": { "family": "Tsai", "given": "Victor C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1809-6672", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "rclayton@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "zwzhan@caltech.edu", "id": "Zhan-Zhongwen", "name": { "family": "Zhan", "given": "Zhongwen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5586-2607", "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jackson@caltech.edu", "id": "Jackson-J-M", "name": { "family": "Jackson", "given": "Jennifer M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8256-6336", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "victor_tsai@brown.edu", "id": "Tsai-V-C", "name": { "family": "Tsai", "given": "Victor C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1809-6672", "role": "member" }, { "email": "rclayton@caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" }, { "email": "zwzhan@caltech.edu", "id": "Zhan-Zhongwen", "name": { "family": "Zhan", "given": "Zhongwen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5586-2607", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2021-10-04", "gradofc_approval_date": "2021-10-24", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Muir, Jack Broderick", "advisor_list": "Tsai, Victor C.; Clayton, Robert W.; et el.", "comittee_list": "Jackson, Jennifer M.; Tsai, Victor C.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/14308", "eprint_id": 14308, "rev_number": 30, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/134587", "doc_id": 134587, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/380958", "fileid": 380958, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 134587, "filename": "Thesis.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "hash": "5fb5f17a5e14c4abba9cf7df59359513", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 309642022, "mtime": "2021-07-20 19:33:03", "url": "/14308/4/Thesis.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 14308, "pos": 4, "placement": 4, "mime_type": "application/zip", "format": "application/zip", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Thesis.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "archival" }, { "id": "/id/document/134588", "doc_id": 134588, "rev_number": 4, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/380964", "fileid": 380964, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 134588, "filename": "main.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "9df749260aa9dea5b9bb61e434c5e07f", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 145548025, "mtime": "2021-07-20 19:35:41", "url": "/14308/5/main.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 14308, "pos": 5, "placement": 5, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "main.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/134589", "doc_id": 134589, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/380970", "fileid": 380970, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 134589, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "9c3d6b14587ac1a699ed38c6573f4c95", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 43144, "mtime": "2021-07-20 19:43:45", "url": "/14308/6/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 14308, "pos": 6, "placement": 6, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/134588" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/134588" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/134588" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 12632, "dir": "disk0/00/01/43/08", "datestamp": "2021-07-30 19:02:22", "lastmod": "2022-08-04 21:08:34", "status_changed": "2021-07-30 19:02:22", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "jcastillo@google.com", "id": "Castellanos-Jorge-Alberto-Castillo", "name": { "family": "Castellanos", "given": "Jorge Alberto Castillo" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0103-6430", "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Seismic Wavefield Imaging of the Earth: the Regional, the Local, and the Remote", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Seismology, Ambient noise, Seismic Imaging", "abstract": "In this thesis, I use seismic wavefield methods to illuminate the interior structure and the dynamics of the Earth across different scales. First, I image the large-scale lithospheric structure at the eastern sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt to constrain on the transition from flat to steeper subduction in central Mexico. Then, I move to a regional scale and image the dynamics of the Wallowa Mountain block in northeastern Oregon, where mantle-based stresses appear to have played an essential role in shaping the crustal structure. With the findings of this investigation, I was able to illuminate a deformation mechanism of mantle origin, which I also use here to explain other near-surface processes in different parts of the North America continent. After, I move to a local scale, where I use dense oil-industry instrumentation to image the sub-kilometer crustal structure of Long Beach, California. In the first part of this investigation, I use noise-derived surface waves to create a high-resolution shear wave velocity model of the first kilometer of the crust, which I use to numerically determine the variability in the expected ground shaking intensity of the area. In the second part, I move past the traditional surface wave analysis and use the body wave portion of the noise-derived Green's functions to create a high-resolution compressional wave velocity model beneath one of the surveys. Finally, I present a waveform-based method of analysis that shows great promise as a new way of investigating the seismic behavior and the physical conditions of isolated marine environments.
", "date": "2022", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:07192021-182024547", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07192021-182024547", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 2.", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB015783" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 3.", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb0476" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 6.", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018855" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 7.", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018941" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Melissa Ray", "deposited_by": "Jorge Castillo Castellanos", "deposited_on": "2021-07-30 19:02:22", "doi": "10.7907/fm32-1t74", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jackson@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Jackson-J-M", "name": { "family": "Jackson", "given": "Jennifer M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8256-6336", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "zwzhan@caltech.edu", "id": "Zhan-Zhongwen", "name": { "family": "Zhan", "given": "Zhongwen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5586-2607", "role": "member" }, { "email": "gurnis@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1704-597X", "role": "member" }, { "email": "zross@caltech.edu", "id": "Ross-Z-E", "name": { "family": "Ross", "given": "Zachary E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6343-8400", "role": "member" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2021-07-08", "gradofc_approval_date": "2021-07-30", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2022", "author_list": "Castellanos, Jorge Alberto Castillo", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Jackson, Jennifer M.; Zhan, Zhongwen; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/14588", "eprint_id": 14588, "rev_number": 30, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/136420", "doc_id": 136420, "rev_number": 4, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/392036", "fileid": 392036, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 136420, "filename": "Thesis_ZheJia.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "95d6ee4cbe1e5daf703eeee6cb70009b", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 23618453, "mtime": "2022-05-20 00:58:19", "url": "/14588/1/Thesis_ZheJia.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 14588, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", 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"http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/136443" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/136443" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 12807, "dir": "disk0/00/01/45/88", "datestamp": "2022-05-24 19:15:03", "lastmod": "2022-08-04 21:16:18", "status_changed": "2022-05-24 19:15:03", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "jiazhe868@gmail.com", "id": "Jia-Zhe", "name": { "family": "Jia", "given": "Zhe" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0652-2646", "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Resolving Earthquake Source Complexities in the Heterogeneous Earth", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "earthquake, rupture process, source complexity, earth structure, inversion", "abstract": "While the commonly used simple assumptions of sources and structures allows useful first-order approximation of earthquakes, they are increasingly insufficient in characterizing the complex earthquake ruptures and the seismic wave propagations. In this thesis, I present studies that address both the source and structural complexities, as well as their interactions, using flexible parameterizations and ideas.
\r\n\r\nFor large earthquakes, I develop a subevent inversion framework to determine their spatiotemporal rupture complexities, and applied it to multiple significant earthquakes. Our method does not assume a fault geometry and kinematic history, and incorporates Bayesian analysis for uncertainty assessments. In Chapter 2, I discovered that the 2018 Fiji Magnitude 8 deep earthquake doublet actually ruptured two slabs, which demonstrates local slab temperature as the critical factor for deep earthquakes, and reveals complex interactions between slabs. In Chapter 3, I determined that the 2019 Ridgecrest Magnitude 7 sequence coseismically ruptured orthogonal faults, and has superficially complex but in-depth simple fault geometries, which illustrates the fault geometrical control of the rupture behaviors which challenges traditional seismic hazard mapping. In Chapter 4, I found the 2021 South Sandwich Island Magnitude 8 earthquake consists of deep regular ruptures connected by a slow tsunamigenic event, which highlights the tsunami potential for deep initiations of megathrust earthquakes.
\r\n\r\nFor smaller earthquakes, I develop a Bayesian differential moment tensor inversion (diffMT) algorithm to remove the common earth structural effects, thus improving the earthquake focal mechanism resolvability. In Chapter 5, I demonstrated that diffMT reduces the moment tensor uncertainties substantially than traditional direct-inversion methods, and found that the North Korea nuclear tests in 2013-2016 are more dominated by explosive mechanism than previous understandings.
\r\n\r\nTowards high resolution mapping of the Earth structure, I expand the seismic tomography for high resolution basin structure by combining the wide aperture of seismic stations and high density of industrial arrays. In Chapter 6, I applied this approach on the densely populated Los Angeles Basin, and found improved mapping of small scale heterogeneities, which can potentially promote earthquake ground motion assessments.
\r\n\r\nIn summary, I have developed research tools and applied novel ideas on complex seismic events and heterogeneous earth environments. The results illustrate the diverse controlling factors of complex earthquake ruptures, and reveal the complex interactions between earthquakes and earth structure.
", "date": "2022", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:05202022-003950365", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05202022-003950365", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 2", "type": "doi", "url": "http://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115997" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 3", "type": "doi", "url": "http://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz0109" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 3", "type": "doi", "url": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089802" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 4", "type": "doi", "url": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097104" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 5", "type": "doi", "url": "http://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggac053" }, { "description": "Article adapted for Chapter 6", "type": "doi", "url": "http://doi.org/10.1029/2020JB021369" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Melissa Ray", "suggestions": "1-week embargo expires 2022-05-31.", "deposited_by": "Zhe Jia", "deposited_on": "2022-05-24 19:15:03", "doi": "10.7907/na72-6395", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "zwzhan@caltech.edu", "id": "Zhan-Zhongwen", "name": { "family": "Zhan", "given": "Zhongwen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5586-2607", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jacksonj@caltech.edu", "id": "Jackson-J-M", "name": { "family": "Jackson", "given": "Jennifer M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8256-6336", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "zwzhan@caltech.edu", "id": "Zhan-Zhongwen", "name": { "family": "Zhan", "given": "Zhongwen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5586-2607", "role": "member" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" }, { "email": "simons@caltech.edu", "id": "Simons-M", "name": { "family": "Simons", "given": "Mark" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1412-6395", "role": "member" }, { "email": "zross@caltech.edu", "id": "Ross-Z-E", "name": { "family": "Ross", "given": "Zachary E." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6343-8400", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2022-05-10", "gradofc_approval_date": "2022-05-24", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. 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Subduction; Central Andes", "abstract": "In this thesis, I develop the velocity and structure models for the Los Angeles Basin and Southern Peru. The ultimate goal is to better understand the geological processes involved in the basin and subduction zone dynamics. The results are obtained from seismic interferometry using ambient noise and receiver functions using earthquake- generated waves. Some unusual signals specific to the local structures are also studied. The main findings are summarized as follows:In this thesis, I develop computational methods that link theory with geophysical observations, with one part devoted to the development of forward models of seismic wave propagation through the mantle and core, and a second part devoted to the inversion of viscous flow in the mantle.
\r\n\r\nFirst order seismic structure of the earth has been well described radially since the PREM model was introduced. With the help of seismic tomography methods, many large-scale heterogeneous structures have become well imaged. Based on this progress, the information in seismic waveforms, which provides extra constraints, is becoming more important in determination of the detailed structure within the earth's interior. However, 3-D modeling of seismic wave propagation remains computationally expensive, especially at high frequency, because the computing cost scales with fourth power of frequency. Thus 2-D modeling is often used, and in many cases is sufficient for the problem. To use 2-D modeling in global seismology, several issues need to be considered: how to handle the differences in geometric spreading between 2-D and 3-D modeling, how to incorporate earthquake sources into a 2-D code, and how to handle the spherical geometry of the earth. In the first part of my thesis, we solve all three problems, using a 2-D staggered finite difference method with a post-processing step. The post-processing automatically corrects the geometric spreading difference between 2-D and 3-D wave propagation; the earthquake sources are added to the 2-D finite difference simulation using a momentum source and transparent box approaches; the earth-flattening is discussed, especially for the density transformation. Benchmarks of the new method against with 1-D and 3-D code demonstrates the the accuracy of the method.
\r\n\r\nWe then use the new code in a study of the interface between outer and inner core. Inner Core Boundary (ICB) is thought to be crucial in estimating the energy released in generating the geomagnetic field. One direct constraint on ICB properties is using reflected P wave from ICB, the PKiKP phase. Due to its small amplitude, near distance PKiKP is seldom observed. However, we find several events beneath Central American as having good set of PKiKP recordings from the USArray seismic network, as well as other core phases like P wave reflection with Core Mantle Boundary (CMB). The amplitude of the phases display large scatters across the stations, which are potentially caused by many factors, including site effects of the stations, upper mantle inhomogeneity, or a bumpy structure along either the CMB or ICB. After comparing amplitude ratio of between PKiKP and PcP phase, analyzing how this ratio changes for different nearby events, and computing forward models using our new method that investigate different factors influence the PKiKP phases, we attribute a stacked amplitude pattern as caused by ICB structure, in which PKiKP phase amplitude rapidly changes within a small range. Finally, we model this observed seismic pattern as a small dome-like anomalies above ICB, where the material changes from that of the outer core to that of inner core gradually.
\r\n\r\nThe final part of my thesis is on a geodynamic inversion problem for mantle convection. Mantle convection is an important process that determines plate motions and subduction. Numerous forward models indicate that the constitute relation (viscosity law) is of key importance for mantle convection. Despite substantial effort attempting to determine the viscosity structure of the mantle, either through forward and inverse geophysical models or through laboratory work, many first order questions remain. We assume the realistic viscosity structure, which is temperature and strain-rate dependent, can be parameterized using a set of scalar parameters. Given this set of viscosity parameters and an initial temperature, the mantle evolves following a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). Our goal with the inverse problem is to recover the viscosity parameters and initial temperature by fitting the observational data, which here includes plate motion history and the present day temperature distribution of the mantle. We formulate this inversion problem following a PDE constrained optimization framework. We first define the cost function we want to minimize; then, the derivative of the cost function with respect to viscosity parameters and initial temperature is calculated following the discrete adjoint equations; finally, a gradient-based optimization method, limited memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGS) approach is used to find the minimum. To accelerate the optimization process, we modified the traditional LBFGS by adding a preconditioner, and achieve a more rapid convergence. To test our method, we use two synthetic cases: a sinking cylinder within a viscous layer and a realistic subduction model. We find that in the initial temperature-only inversion, the initial temperature can be recovered well; in the joint inversion of initial temperature and viscosity parameters, the temperature, as well as effective viscosity, can also be recovered reasonably, but there are trade offs between viscosity parameters. Presumably, the trade off in viscosity parameters is related to the ill-posedness of the problem.
", "date": "2016", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:05262016-150442765", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05262016-150442765", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Article adapted for ch. 2", "type": "doi", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu050" }, { "description": "Article adapted for ch. 3", "type": "doi", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11589-014-0093-9" }, { "description": "Article: Highresolution 3D shallow crustal structure in Long Beach , California : Application of ambient noise tomography on a dense seismic array", "type": "related", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.034" }, { "description": "Article: High frequency seismicwaves and slab structures beneath Italy", "type": "related", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.01.034" }, { "description": "Article: Imaging subducted slab structure beneath the Sea of Okhotsk with teleseismicwaveforms", "type": "related", "url": "http://dx.dli.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2014.03.008" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Dunzhu Li", "deposited_on": "2016-05-31 19:04:03", "doi": "10.7907/Z9X63JW2", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "co-advisor" }, { "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "role": "co-advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Simons-M", "name": { "family": "Simons", "given": "Mark" }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2016-05-10", "gradofc_approval_date": "2016-05-31", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "option_minor": { "items": [ "compscieng" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Li, Dunzhu", "advisor_list": "Helmberger, Donald V.; Gurnis, Michael C.; et el.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Helmberger, Donald V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/8429", "eprint_id": 8429, "rev_number": 143, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/49338", "doc_id": 49338, "rev_number": 6, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/142967", "fileid": 142967, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 49338, "filename": "Dougherty_Sara_2014_thesis_ch1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "6fa0072accfb5d41930fa56036c8355a", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 444254, "mtime": "2014-05-30 02:06:08", "url": "/8429/7/Dougherty_Sara_2014_thesis_ch1.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 8429, "pos": 7, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", 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"type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "sardough28@hotmail.com", "id": "Dougherty-Sara-Lyn", "name": { "family": "Dougherty", "given": "Sara Lyn" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5327-3286", "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Seismic Structure along Transitions from Flat to Normal Subduction: Central Mexico, Southern Peru, and Southwest Japan", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "structure; subduction; seismicity; modeling; slow slip", "abstract": "The fine-scale seismic structure of the central Mexico, southern Peru, and southwest Japan subduction zones is studied using intraslab earthquakes recorded by temporary and permanent regional seismic arrays. The morphology of the transition from flat to normal subduction is explored in central Mexico and southern Peru, while in southwest Japan the spatial coincidence of a thin ultra-slow velocity layer (USL) atop the flat slab with locations of slow slip events (SSEs) is explored. This USL is also observed in central Mexico and southern Peru, where its lateral extent is used as one constraint on the nature of the flat-to-normal transitions.
\r\n\r\nIn western central Mexico, I find an edge to this USL which is coincident with the western boundary of the projected Orozco Fracture Zone (OFZ) region. Forward modeling of the 2D structure of the subducted Cocos plate using a finite-difference algorithm provides constraints on the velocity and geometry of the slab\u2019s seismic structure in this region and confirms the location of the USL edge. I propose that the Cocos slab is currently fragmenting into a North Cocos plate and a South Cocos plate along the projection of the OFZ, by a process analogous to that which occurred when the Rivera plate separated from the proto-Cocos plate 10 Ma.
\r\n\r\nIn eastern central Mexico, observations of a sharp transition in slab dip near the abrupt end of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) suggest a possible slab tear located within the subducted South Cocos plate. The eastern lateral extent of the USL is found to be coincident with these features and with the western boundary of a zone of decreased seismicity, indicating a change in structure which I interpret as evidence of a possible tear. Analysis of intraslab seismicity patterns and focal mechanism orientations and faulting types provides further support for a possible tear in the South Cocos slab. This potential tear, together with the tear along the projection of the OFZ to the northwest, indicates a slab rollback mechanism in which separate slab segments move independently, allowing for mantle flow between the segments.
\r\n\r\nIn southern Peru, observations of a gradual increase in slab dip coupled with a lack of any gaps or vertical offsets in the intraslab seismicity suggest a smooth contortion of the slab. Concentrations of focal mechanisms at orientations which are indicative of slab bending are also observed along the change in slab geometry. The lateral extent of the USL atop the horizontal Nazca slab is found to be coincident with the margin of the projected linear continuation of the subducting Nazca Ridge, implying a causal relationship, but not a slab tear. Waveform modeling of the 2D structure in southern Peru provides constraints on the velocity and geometry of the slab\u2019s seismic structure and confirms the absence of any tears in the slab.
\r\n\r\nIn southwest Japan, I estimate the location of a possible USL along the Philippine Sea slab surface and find this region of low velocity to be coincident with locations of SSEs that have occurred in this region. I interpret the source of the possible USL in this region as fluids dehydrated from the subducting plate, forming a high pore-fluid pressure layer, which would be expected to decrease the coupling on the plate interface and promote SSEs.
", "date": "2014", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:05292014-181733885", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05292014-181733885", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Article adapted for ch. 2", "type": "doi", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009528" }, { "description": "Article adapted for ch. 3", "type": "doi", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010883" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "suggestions": "Partially restricted to Caltech community only until 1 June 2015: Ch. 1,4-6 and full thesis ", "deposited_by": "Sara Dougherty", "deposited_on": "2014-05-30 23:59:22", "doi": "10.7907/WHSR-VY75", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jackson@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Jackson-J-M", "name": { "family": "Jackson", "given": "Jennifer M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8256-6336", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" }, { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2014-05-23", "gradofc_approval_date": "2014-05-30", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Dougherty, Sara Lyn", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W. and Helmberger, Donald V.", "comittee_list": "Jackson, Jennifer M.; Clayton, Robert W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/7300", "eprint_id": 7300, "rev_number": 46, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/16580", "doc_id": 16580, "rev_number": 7, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/101683", "fileid": 101683, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 16580, "filename": "thesis_kphillipsalonge.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 34121059, "mtime": "2012-12-26 04:46:11", "url": "/7300/1/thesis_kphillipsalonge.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 7300, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Full thesis", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": 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"mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/16586" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/16586" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/16586" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 9664, "dir": "disk0/00/00/73/00", "datestamp": "2012-12-10 21:45:01", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 20:25:05", "status_changed": "2012-12-10 21:45:00", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "k.phillips.alonge@gmail.com", "id": "Phillips-Kristin-Eileen", "name": { "family": "Phillips-Alonge", "given": "Kristin Eileen" }, "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Structure of the Subduction System in Southern Peru from Seismic Array Data", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Southern Peru, subduction, receiver functions", "abstract": "Southern Peru represents a subduction transition region from normal subduction in the southernmost part of Peru to flat slab subduction in central Peru. In order to learn more about the structure of southern Peru, causes of flat slab subduction, and the nature of the transition from normal to flat slab subduction, we installed three seismic arrays utilizing a total of about 100 broadband stations. The first installed array samples the normal subduction region, while the second samples the transition from normal to flat subduction, and the third samples the flat slab region near where the Nazca Ridge is presently subducting. Data from teleseismic events greater than 30 degrees distance from Peru was analyzed using the receiver function method that makes use of P to S converted phases at interfaces such as the Moho to provide information about the structure directly beneath each station. A strong signal from the Moho was observed for each array and was found to have a maximum depth of around 75 km beneath the Altiplano. The average crustal Vp/Vs ratio was also estimated and was found to have an average value of around 1.75 beneath the Altiplano. The shape of the slab was also clarified for the three arrays. The transition from normal to flat slab subduction appears to be a contortion rather than a break in the slab. In addition to those signals, a positive impedance midcrustal signal at about 40 km depth was widely observed for stations on the eastern side of the arrays. The midcrustal signal is indicative of a velocity increase in the lower crust and is suggested to be an observation of the underthrusting Brazilian shield which would have implications for the timing of uplift in the Andes. Finite difference modeling with velocity models that include a midcrustal structure produces synthetics which are consistent with receiver function observations. Receiver function results and other related methods provide a simple way of making direct observations of key structural interfaces and the current state of the subduction system which has relevance in studies of the tectonic evolution of the region and estimations of causes of flat slab subduction.", "date": "2013", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:11302012-163616170", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11302012-163616170", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Kristin Phillips-Alonge", "deposited_on": "2012-12-10 21:45:01", "doi": "10.7907/71A7-4211", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "avouac@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Avouac-J-P", "name": { "family": "Avouac", "given": "Jean-Philippe" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3060-8442", "role": "member" }, { "email": "ampuero@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Ampuero-J-P", "name": { "family": "Ampuero", "given": "Jean-Paul" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4827-7987", "role": "member" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2012-11-21", "gradofc_approval_date": "2012-12-07", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Phillips-Alonge, Kristin Eileen", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Stock, Joann M.; Helmberger, Donald V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/7854", "eprint_id": 7854, "rev_number": 34, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/40738", "doc_id": 40738, "rev_number": 7, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/124033", "fileid": 124033, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 40738, "filename": "Skinner_Thesis_06_06_13_am.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "d2aaa8ff90fb1d8ec10113f545b216b3", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 11236824, "mtime": "2013-06-06 22:22:28", "url": "/7854/1/Skinner_Thesis_06_06_13_am.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 7854, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Original. 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"language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/52255" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/52255" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/52255" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 787, "dir": "disk0/00/00/78/54", "datestamp": "2013-06-07 16:39:15", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:25:17", "status_changed": "2013-06-07 16:39:15", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "skinner.all@gmail.com", "id": "Skinner-Steven-Michael", "name": { "family": "Skinner", "given": "Steven Michael" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Plate Tectonic Constraints on Flat Subduction and Paleomagnetic Constraints on Rifting", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "flat subduction, paleomagnetics, rifting", "abstract": "Plate tectonics shapes our dynamic planet through the creation and destruction of lithosphere. This work focuses on increasing our understanding of the processes at convergent and divergent boundaries through geologic and geophysical observations at modern plate boundaries. Recent work had shown that the subducting slab in central Mexico is most likely the flattest on Earth, yet there was no consensus about what caused it to originate. The first chapter of this thesis sets out to systematically test all previously proposed mechanisms for slab flattening on the Mexican case. What we have discovered is that there is only one model for which we can find no contradictory evidence. The lack of applicability of the standard mechanisms used to explain flat subduction in the Mexican example led us to question their applications globally. The second chapter expands the search for a cause of flat subduction, in both space and time. We focus on the historical record of flat slabs in South America and look for a correlation between the shallowing and steepening of slab segments with relation to the inferred thickness of the subducting oceanic crust. Using plate reconstructions and the assumption that a crustal anomaly formed on a spreading ridge will produce two conjugate features, we recreate the history of subduction along the South American margin and find that there is no correlation between the subduction of a bathymetric highs and shallow subduction. These studies have proven that a subducting crustal anomaly is neither a sufficient or necessary condition of flat slab subduction. The final chapter in this thesis looks at the divergent plate boundary in the Gulf of California. Through geologic reconnaissance mapping and an intensive paleomagnetic sampling campaign, we try to constrain the location and orientation of a widespread volcanic marker unit, the Tuff of San Felipe. Although the resolution of the applied magnetic susceptibility technique proved inadequate to contain the direction of the pyroclastic flow with high precision, we have been able to detect the tectonic rotation of coherent blocks as well as rotation within blocks.", "date": "2013", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:06062013-151342444", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:06062013-151342444", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "0911761" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "suggestions": "Steven SkinnerIn part I, the 3D velocity and attenuation structure of the Cocos subduction zone in Mexico is imaged using earthquakes recorded by two temporary seismic arrays and local stations. Inversion results reveal low-attenuation and high-velocity Cocos slab. The slab dip angle increases from almost flat in central Mexico near Mexico City to about 30 degrees in southern Mexico near the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. High attenuation and low velocity in the crust beneath the Trans-Mexico Volcanic Belt correlate with low resistivity, and are probably related to dehydration and melting process. The most pronounced high-attenuation, low-Vp and high-Vp/Vs anomaly is found in the crust beneath the Veracruz Basin. A high-velocity structure dipping southward from the Gulf of Mexico near the Isthmus of Tehuantepec coincides with a discontinuity from a receiver functions study, and provides an evidence for the collision between the Yucatan Block and Mexico in the Miocene.
\r\n\r\n\r\nIn part II, we show that a model of small repeating earthquakes based on laboratory-derived rate and state friction laws reproduces the observed scaling between the recurrence time and seismic moment. In the model, a small fault patch governed by velocity-weakening friction is surrounded by a much larger velocity-strengthening region. For a fixed set of friction parameters, the observed scaling is reproduced by varying the size of the velocity-weakening patch. We further investigate the behavior of small repeating earthquakes in related models under different scenarios, including several forms of the state evolution equations in rate- and state-dependent friction laws, rectangular velocity-weakening patch geometries, quasi-dynamic vs. fully dynamic representation of inertial effects, and 2D vs. 3D simulations. We find that the simulated scalings between the recurrence time and seismic moment for these different scenarios are similar while differences do exist. We propose a theoretical model for the scaling between the recurrence time and seismic moment of small repeating earthquakes. The obtained theoretical insight is used to find the combinations of fault properties that allow the model to fit the observed scaling and range of the seismic moment and recurrence time.
", "date": "2012", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:03262012-175814763", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03262012-175814763", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Article adapted for ch.2", "type": "doi", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005964 " }, { "description": "Article adapted for ch.3", "type": "doi", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JB009233" }, { "description": "Article adapted for ch.4", "type": "doi", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008JB005749 " } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Ting Chen", "deposited_on": "2012-04-02 19:13:06", "doi": "10.7907/REJW-YJ88", "alt_title": { "items": [ "Structure of Central and Southern Mexico from Velocity and Attenuation Tomography", "Physics of Small Repeating Earthquakes" ] }, "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "lapusta@caltech.edu", "id": "Lapusta-N", "name": { "family": "Lapusta", "given": "Nadia" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6558-0323", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" }, { "email": "lapusta@caltech.edu", "id": "Lapusta-N", "name": { "family": "Lapusta", "given": "Nadia" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6558-0323", "role": "member" }, { "email": "ampuero@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Ampuero-J-P", "name": { "family": "Ampuero", "given": "Jean-Paul" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4827-7987", "role": "member" }, { "email": "avouac@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Avouac-J-P", "name": { "family": "Avouac", "given": "Jean-Philippe" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3060-8442", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2012-02-23", "gradofc_approval_date": "2012-03-29", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. 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"/id/document/12784" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/12784" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 5079, "dir": "disk0/00/00/63/61", "datestamp": "2011-05-27 21:07:16", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 20:51:47", "status_changed": "2011-05-27 21:07:16", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "yh1230@gmail.com", "id": "Kim-YoungHee", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "YoungHee" }, "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Properties of the Subduction System in Mexico", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Subduction; Receiver Function; Seismic Imaging; Mexico", "abstract": "This thesis presents seismic imaging results of the structure of the Mexican subduction zone using receiver function (RF) based on teleseismic P-to-S converted waves, in order to gain insight into the physical and chemical factors associated with internal geodynamic processes. More specifically, this thesis investigates (1) the nature of tectonic processes involved in the buildup and subsequent modification of continental and oceanic lithosphere, and (2) the determination of mineralogy/petrology and fluidphase\r\nreactions in the subducting Cocos oceanic crust.
\r\n\r\nUtilizing the data acquired from two dense broadband seismic lines in Mexico, the geometries and seismic properties of the interface of the subducting Cocos plate beneath Mexico are determined from the RFs. The RF image for central Mexico shows that the subducting oceanic crust dips shallowly north at 15 degrees for a distance of 80 km from Acapulco at the Pacific coast, and then horizontally underplates the continental crust for approximately 200 km to the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). Modeling of the RF conversion amplitudes and timings of the underplated features reveals a thin very-low velocity zone between the plate and the continental crust that appears to absorb nearly all of the strain between the upper plate and the slab. The migrated image of the RFs shows that the slab dips steeply into the mantle at an angle of about 75 degrees beneath the TMVB.
\r\n\r\nThe RF results for southern Mexico in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec show an image of the Cocos slab down to about 100 km depth. The same cross-section image also reveals a slab-like south-dipping structure interpreted to be subducted from the Gulf of Mexico. This anomalous slab with the opposite dip direction of the Cocos slab appears to cut off the Cocos slab at 150 km depth. There is no tectonic explanation for the south-dipping slab under the current paradigm of Caribbean plate reconstructions. We present in this thesis the case for a new reconstruction of the Gulf of Mexico and propose that the slab may be due to the collision of the Yucatan Block into Mexico in the Miocene, and may also be responsible for the Cocos plate truncation imaged from previous tomography studies. This hypothesis explains the Chiapas Fold and Thrust Belt to the south of the Yucatan Block and may explain the unusual volcanic arc configuration in southern Mexico.
\r\n\r\nWe formulate and apply a new inversion technique based on the plane wave conversion to obtain the seismic parameters (S wave velocity, Vs, and density) of the oceanic crust. We use such parameters to infer mineralogical properties of subducting oceanic crust. From this effort, we provide tighter constraints on physical properties of the subducting Cocos oceanic crust, and explain the difference in the slab geometries betweeen central and southern Mexico from the mineral physics point of view. Anomalously low Vs (2.4\u22123.4 km/s) in the upper part of the flat oceanic crust in central Mexico points to elevated Poisson\u2019s and Vp/Vs ratios of the oceanic crust. This directly relates to the presence of water and hydrous minerals or high pore pressure; the mechanically weak hydrous layer may explain current subduction geometry at very shallow depth of about 45 km without strong coupling between the plates.
\r\n\r\nUsing Vp/Vs as a function of Vs in a range of likely pressure and temperature for candidate hydrous phases, we identify the major hydrous mineral phases present in the upper (3\u22125 km thickness) and lower parts (3\u22125 km thickness) of the subducted oceanic crust of central and southern Mexico. In central Mexico, the upper oceanic crust in the flat slab region is enriched with hydrous minerals such as talc over the normal oceanic crustal compositions such as MORB-like gabbro. Petrologically, the generation of talc during subduction of the oceanic crust is nearly impossible. One possible mechanism to produce such a low-velocity anomaly at the upper oceanic crust is that lower crustal rocks are hydrated with 15-20 percent of free water to reduce the seismic velocities significantly. We thus propose that the thin low-velocity, talc-rich layer in the upper oceanic crust is then generated from the mantle wedge side during the slab flattening process coupled with trench rollback. The talc-rich rocks at the slab interface can be formed in the mantle by the addition of silica transported by rising fluids via the dehydration reaction from the subducting oceanic crust and by mechanical mixing of mantle and siliceous rocks. The evolution of the thin low-strength zone, which decouples the horizontal slab from the continental crust, originating from the mantle wedge side rather than the trench side, has important implications for the dynamics of the subduction system, including the flattening process of the slab, as well as the geochemistry of the mantle wedge and arc in central Mexico. After passing through the flat segment, the major compositions of the steeply subducting oceanic crust underneath the TMVB are zoisite and lawsonite from 60 to 100 km in depth. The eclogitization occurs at the depth of about 100 km. The dominant mineral phase in the upper oceanic crust of southern Mexico from 45 to 120 km depth is amphibole on top of unaltered gabbroic oceanic crust.
", "date": "2011", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:04272011-150709139", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04272011-150709139", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "YoungHee Kim", "deposited_on": "2011-05-27 21:07:16", "doi": "10.7907/BB7N-QP03", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "gurnis@caltech.edu", "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1704-597X", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jackson@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Jackson-J-M", "name": { "family": "Jackson", "given": "Jennifer M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8256-6336", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2011-05-23", "gradofc_approval_date": "2011-05-27", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2011", "author_list": "Kim, YoungHee", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Gurnis, Michael C.; Clayton, Robert W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/5891", "eprint_id": 5891, "rev_number": 33, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/10362", "doc_id": 10362, "rev_number": 5, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/67936", "fileid": 67936, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 10362, "filename": "NMVriend_thesis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 13102668, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:27:03", "url": "/5891/1/NMVriend_thesis.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 5891, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Booming Sand Dunes - Thesis N.M. 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The sound has a dominant audible frequency (70-105 Hz) and several higher harmonics and may be heard from far distances away. A natural or induced avalanche from a slip face of the booming dune triggers the emission that may last for several minutes. There are various references in travel literature to the phenomenon, but to date no scientific explanation covered all field observations.
\r\n\r\nThis thesis introduces a new physical model that describes the phenomenon of booming dunes. The waveguide model explains the selection of the booming frequency and the amplification of the sound in terms of constructive interference in a confined geometry. The frequency of the booming is a direct function of the dimensions and velocities in the waveguide. The higher harmonics are related to the higher modes of propagation in the waveguide.
\r\n\r\nThe experimental validation includes quantitative field research at the booming dunes of the Mojave Desert and Death Valley National Park. Microphone and geophone recordings of the acoustic and seismic emission show a variation of booming frequency in space and time. The analysis of the sensor data quantifies wave propagation characteristics such as speed, dispersion, and nonlinear effects and allows the distinction between the source mechanism of the booming and the booming itself.
\r\n\r\nThe migration of sand dunes results from a complicated interplay between dune building, wind regime, and precipitation. The morphological and morphodynamical characteristics of two field locations are analyzed with various geophysical techniques. Ground-penetrating radar images the subsurface structure of the dunes and reveal a natural, internal layering that is directly related to the history of dune migration. The seismic velocity increases abruptly with depth and gradually increases with downhill position due to compaction. Sand sampling shows local cementation of sand grains within the discrete layers that explains the increase in velocity and decrease in porosity. The subsurface layering may influence the speed of dune migration and therefore have important consequences on desertification.
\r\n\r\nThe positive qualitative and quantitative correlation between the subsurface layering in the dune and the manifestation of the booming sound implies a close relation between environmental factors and the booming emission. In this thesis, the frequency of booming is correlated with the depth of the waveguide and the seismic velocities. The variability on location and season suggests that the waveguide theory successfully unravels the phenomenon\r\nof booming sand dunes.
", "date": "2010", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:05312010-051551703", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05312010-051551703", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Gayle Hammer", "suggestions": "n.m.vriend@damtp.cam.ac.uk", "deposited_by": "Nathalie Vriend", "deposited_on": "2012-04-02 19:24:06", "doi": "10.7907/BFHE-0969", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_eng" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "hunt@caltech.edu", "id": "Hunt-M-L", "name": { "family": "Hunt", "given": "Melany L." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "hunt@caltech.edu", "id": "Hunt-M-L", "name": { "family": "Hunt", "given": "Melany L." }, "role": "chair" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "brennen@caltech.edu", "id": "Brennen-C-E", "name": { "family": "Brennen", "given": "Christopher E." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "daraio@caltech.edu", "id": "Daraio-C", "name": { "family": "Daraio", "given": "Chiara" }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "mpl@caltech.edu", "id": "Lamb-M-P", "name": { "family": "Lamb", "given": "Michael P." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "2009-12-01", "gradofc_approval_date": "2010-06-03", "thesis_awards": "Centennial Prize for the Best Thesis in Mechanical Engineering, 2010.\r\nGraduate Deans\u2019 Award for Outstanding Community Service, 2010.", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "mecheng" ] }, "option_minor": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2010", "author_list": "Vriend, Nathalie Maria", "advisor_list": "Hunt, Melany L. and Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Hunt, Melany L.; Clayton, Robert W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/3260", "eprint_id": 3260, "rev_number": 20, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/5763", "doc_id": 5763, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/34142", "fileid": 34142, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 5763, "filename": "NJD_Thesis_Final.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 6483675, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:58:34", "url": "/3260/1/NJD_Thesis_Final.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 3260, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "NJD_Thesis_Final.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": 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"media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5763" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5763" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5763" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/32/60", "datestamp": "2008-09-10", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:45:59", "status_changed": "2014-01-06 19:20:13", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "ndowney@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Downey-Nathan-John", "name": { "family": "Downey", "given": "Nathan John" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Tectonic History of the Osbourn Spreading Center and Dynamic Subsidence of the Congo Basin", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Congo basin; Dynamic topography; Osbourn Trough; Plate tectonics", "abstract": "This is a thesis in two parts. First is the presentation of a new technique by which it is possible to constrain tectonic models of oceanic regions which are devoid of magnetic reversal anomalies. I applied this technique to the Osbourn region of the Southwest Pacific and determined the tectonic history of the Cretaceous Osbourn spreading center. The results of this analysis showed that the Osbourn Trough, although an extinct spreading center, was not part of the Cretaceous Pacific-Phoenix spreading center. The second part of this thesis involves study of the cratonic Congo sedimentary basin. I created instantaneous dynamic models of the Congo basin that are strongly constrained by observation and which demonstrate that the most recent subsidence event of the basin has a mantle dynamic origin. These models constrain the density structure of the upper mantle beneath the Congo. In addition, I examined geologic data that constrain the time-dependent history of the Congo basin in an attempt to determine the subsidence mechanism of cratonic sedimentary basins.\r\n", "date": "2009", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-08282008-093820", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08282008-093820", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2008-09-10", "doi": "10.7907/MXQF-GY83", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "gurnis@caltech.edu", "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1704-597X", "role": "co-advisor" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "co-advisor" }, { "id": "Simons-M", "name": { "family": "Simons", "given": "Mark" }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "avouac@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Avouac-J-P", "name": { "family": "Avouac", "given": "Jean-Philippe" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3060-8442", "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "aton@caltech.edu", "id": "Heaton-T-H", "name": { "family": "Heaton", "given": "Thomas H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3363-2197", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Tromp-J", "name": { "family": "Tromp", "given": "Jeroen" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2742-8299", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2008-08-28", "thesis_defense_date": "2008-08-21", "thesis_approved_date": "2008-09-10", "gradofc_approval_date": "2008-09-09", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2009", "author_list": "Downey, Nathan John", "advisor_list": "Stock, Joann M.; Gurnis, Michael C.; et el.", "comittee_list": "Avouac, Jean-Philippe; Helmberger, Donald V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/2671", "eprint_id": 2671, "rev_number": 13, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/4971", "doc_id": 4971, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/28883", "fileid": 28883, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 4971, "filename": "thesis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 30142487, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:53:30", "url": "/2671/1/thesis.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 2671, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "thesis.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "thesis.pdf", "media_duration": 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"content": "release" }, { "id": "/id/document/16681", "doc_id": 16681, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/203730", "fileid": 203730, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 16681, "filename": "Yan_Zhimei_2007.PDF", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 41122, "mtime": "2016-08-22 21:16:15", "url": "/2671/3/Yan_Zhimei_2007.PDF" } ], "eprint_id": 2671, "pos": 3, "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Yan_Zhimei_2007.PDF", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "approvalform" }, { "id": "/id/document/21521", "doc_id": 21521, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/28881", "fileid": 28881, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 21521, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "0792f0c12dfd17d7feb4eb6741c78cf9", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 15894, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:53:30", "url": "/2671/4/preview.png" } ], 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"placement": 5, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/4971" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/4971" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/4971" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/123095", "doc_id": 123095, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/368502", "fileid": 368502, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 123095, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "141455cfb09d3ffc8ea1719cd9f295f4", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 765, "mtime": "2021-06-23 22:20:23", "url": "/2671/6/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 2671, "pos": 6, "placement": 6, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from text/plain to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/11690" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/11690" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/11690" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/26/71", "datestamp": "2006-06-22", "lastmod": "2020-02-19 18:27:22", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 02:42:48", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "zhimei@gmail.com", "id": "Yan-Zhimei", "name": { "family": "Yan", "given": "Zhimei" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2421-8296", "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Regional Mapping of the Crustal Structure in Southern California", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Crustal Strength; Crustal Structure; Mojave Desert; Peninsula Ranges; Receiver Function method; San Gabriel Mountains; Southern California; Walker Lane Belt", "abstract": "This thesis presents a study of the lateral variations of the crustal structure in Southern California from the waveform data recorded by the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN) stations, the LARSE I and II surveys. The Receiver Function method is used to process the teleseismic waveform data to map the lateral variations of the crustal structure. A first arrival analysis of the LARSE II refraction data is used to determine the upper crustal velocity structure (less than 4 km).
\r\n\r\nA 2-D upper crustal structure with seven steeply dipping faults was constructed from the LARSE II seismic refraction survey. The regional upper plate complexes of the granitic and gneissic crystalline rocks are observed to yield consistently anomalous low velocities of 3.7-4.3 km/s as compared with the expected velocities for the constituent rock types, which is inferred to result from the extreme shearing, brittle fracturing and related retrogressive hydration reactions. The faults are identified from the distinctive features in the first arrivals and they correlate very well with the geologically mapped faults.
\r\n\r\nLateral variations of the crustal structure in Southern California are imaged from the back-azimuthal-grouped receiver functions (RFs) of the SCSN stations and the LARSE I, II passive stations. Large variations in the crustal structure are commonly observed beneath the San Gabriel Mountains (SGM), the western Peninsula Ranges, and the eastern Mojave Desert, such as the transition from 2-layered crustal structure to 3-layered from the eastern to the western SGM and the large offsets on the Moho among the different RF station groups. Deep Moho of 34-39 km is observed beneath the western Peninsula Ranges (WPR), Sierra Nevada and the San Bernardino Mountains and no regional root is observed beneath the San Gabriel Mountains.
\r\n\r\nSynthetic waveform modeling of the anomalous features in the RFs for two stations in the eastern San Gabriel Mountains indicates the existence of a flat-topped notch structure on the Moho. Moho is inferred to get shallowed from 37-39 km north of the San Andreas Fault, 33-35 km south of the San Gabriel Fault to a depth of ~29 km beneath the Mt. Baldy block.
", "date": "2007", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-06212006-181145", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06212006-181145", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2006-06-22", "doi": "10.7907/K9B8-Y639", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "chair" }, { "email": "jason@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Saleeby-J-B", "name": { "family": "Saleeby", "given": "Jason B." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "avouac@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Avouac-J-P", "name": { "family": "Avouac", "given": "Jean-Philippe" }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "simons@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Simons-M", "name": { "family": "Simons", "given": "Mark" }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2006-06-21", "thesis_defense_date": "2006-06-05", "thesis_approved_date": "2006-06-22", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Yan, Zhimei", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Helmberger, Donald V.; Saleeby, Jason B.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/99", "eprint_id": 99, "rev_number": 15, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/161", "doc_id": 161, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/992", "fileid": 992, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 161, "filename": "Thesis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 47397009, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:27:20", "url": "/99/1/Thesis.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 99, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Thesis.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/16989" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/16989" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/16989" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/16989", "doc_id": 16989, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/990", "fileid": 990, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 16989, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "875e29e39ff1e0908a6184b1d0963a66", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 14305, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:27:20", "url": "/99/2/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 99, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/161" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/161" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/161" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/119690", "doc_id": 119690, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/365056", "fileid": 365056, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 119690, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/x-c", "hash": "e65043bd7c91374d73e65b72739ce092", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 22810, "mtime": "2021-06-23 20:14:31", "url": "/99/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 99, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/x-c", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/161" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/161" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/161" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/00/99", "datestamp": "2005-01-14", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:47:30", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 01:28:10", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "bill@keller.us", "id": "Keller-William-R", "name": { "family": "Keller", "given": "William R." }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Cenozoic Plate Tectonic Reconstructions and Plate Boundary Processes in the Southwest Pacific", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Antarctica; Australia; gravity; magnetics; New Zealand; plate tectonics; reflection seismic", "abstract": "The Australia-Pacific-Antarctic plate circuit has long been a weak link in global plate reconstruction models for Cenozoic time. The time period spanning chron 20 to chron 7 (43-25 Ma) is particularly problematic for global plate models because seafloor spreading was occurring in two poorly constrained regions in the Southwest Pacific - the Macquarie Basin southwest of New Zealand, and the Adare Basin north of the Ross Sea, Antarctica. I present a new shipboard dataset collected aboard several recent geophysical cruises which places important constraints on the tectonic evolution of these two regions. Utilizing multibeam bathymetry, magnetic, gravity, and seismic data in the Macquarie Basin, I am able to locate tectonic features and magnetic anomalies with greater accuracy than was previously possible. These tectonic features and magnetic anomalies are then used to calculate relative motion between the Australia and Pacific Plates for chrons 18-11 (40-30 Ma). I use revised locations of the rifted margins along the boundary of the Macquarie Basin to determine a best-fit pre-rift reconstruction for this region. During this same time period, seafloor spreading between East and West Antarctica was occurring along the Adare Trough, an extinct spreading center located north of the Ross Sea. Motion along the Adare Trough accounts for roughly 180 km of previously unrecognized motion between East and West Antarctica. I present multibeam and seismic data in the Adare Basin that place constraints on the timing and character of motion along this plate boundary.", "date": "2005", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-01102005-223039", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01102005-223039", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2005-01-14", "doi": "10.7907/VB6N-HC69", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "heaton@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Heaton-T-H", "name": { "family": "Heaton", "given": "Thomas H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3363-2197", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "co-chair" }, { "email": "jason@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Saleeby-J-B", "name": { "family": "Saleeby", "given": "Jason B." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "gurnis@caltech.edu", "id": "Gurnis-M-C", "name": { "family": "Gurnis", "given": "Michael C." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1704-597X", "role": "member" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2005-01-10", "thesis_defense_date": "2003-04-10", "thesis_approved_date": "2005-01-14", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Keller, William R.", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W. and Stock, Joann M.", "comittee_list": "Heaton, Thomas H.; Stock, Joann M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/2096", "eprint_id": 2096, "rev_number": 19, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/3797", "doc_id": 3797, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/22258", "fileid": 22258, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 3797, "filename": "JaneEDmochowskiThesis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 5808741, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:46:55", "url": "/2096/1/JaneEDmochowskiThesis.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 2096, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "JaneEDmochowskiThesis.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "JaneEDmochowskiThesis.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/20452" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/20452" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/20452" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/3798", "doc_id": 3798, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/22262", "fileid": 22262, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 3798, "filename": "Plate1.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 14807666, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:46:55", "url": "/2096/2/Plate1.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 2096, "pos": 2, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Plate1.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Plate1.pdf", "media_duration": "0", 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"uri": "/id/document/3799" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/3799" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/3799" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/122075", "doc_id": 122075, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/367469", "fileid": 367469, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 122075, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "93fa530011d3e27476fc436b86597a11", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 36802, "mtime": "2021-06-23 21:46:19", "url": "/2096/7/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 2096, "pos": 7, "placement": 7, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/3797" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/3797" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/3797" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/20/96", "datestamp": "2005-05-26", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:46:47", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 02:26:38", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "jdmochowski@mfriends.org", "id": "Dmochowski-Jane-Ellen", "name": { "family": "Dmochowski", "given": "Jane Ellen" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4491-2258", "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Application of MODIS-ASTER (Master) Simulator Data to Geological Mapping of Young Volcanic Regions in Baja California, Mexico", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Baja California; Isla San Luis; La Reforma; Mexico; remote sensing; volcano; weight percent silica", "note": "Supplemental Files Information:\r\n\r\nTwenty-eight images of MASTER VNIR-SWIR data from the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma region, Baja California, Mexico: Supplement 1 from \"Application of MODIS-ASTER (Master) simulator data to geological mapping of young volcanic regions in Baja California, Mexico\" (Thesis).\r\nDate(s) Collected: 1975, 1984, 1988, 1993, 1997, 1998, 2001.\r\n\r\nTwenty-eight images of MASTER TIR data from the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma region, Baja California, Mexico: Supplement 2 from \"Application of MODIS-ASTER (Master) simulator data to geological mapping of young volcanic regions in Baja California, Mexico\" (Thesis).\r\nDate(s) Collected: 1975, 1984, 1988, 1993, 1997, 1998, 2001.\r\n", "abstract": "Visible, near infrared, short-wave infrared, and thermal infrared multi-channel remote sensing data, MODIS-ASTER (MASTER), are used to extract geologic information from two volcanic regions in Baja California, Mexico: Tres Virgenes-La Reforma Volcanic Region and the volcanic island of Isla San Luis. The visible and near infrared and short-wave infrared data were atmospherically corrected and classified. The resulting classification roughly delineates surfaces that vary in their secondary minerals. Attempts to identify these minerals using ENVI's Spectral Analyst(TM) were moderately successful.
\r\n\r\nThe analysis of the thermal infrared data utilizes the shift to longer wavelengths in the Reststrahlen band as the mineralogy changes from felsic to mafic to translate the data into values of weight percent SiO2. The results indicate that the general approach tends to underestimate the weight percent SiO2 in the image. This discrepancy is removed with a \"site calibration,\" which provides good results in the calculated weight percent SiO2, with errors of a few percent. However, errors become larger with rugged topography or low solar angle at the time of image acquisition.
\r\n\r\nAnalysis of bathymetric data around Isla San Luis, and consideration of the island's alignment with the Ballenas transform fault zone to the south and volcanic seamounts nearby, suggest Isla San Luis is potentially volcanically active and could be the product of a \"leaky\" transform fault. The results from the image analysis in the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma Volcanic Region show the La Reforma and El Aguajito volcanic centers to be bimodal in composition and verify the most recent volcanism in the Tres Virgenes region to be basaltic-andesite. The results of fieldwork and image analysis indicate that the volcanic products of the central dome of La Reforma are likely a sequence of welded ash flow tuffs and lavas of varied composition, evidence of its origin as a caldera.
\r\n", "date": "2005", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-05262005-150027", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05262005-150027", "related_url": { "items": [ { "description": "Supplement 1 in CaltechDATA: Twenty-eight images of MASTER VNIR-SWIR data from the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma region, Baja California, Mexico", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1051" }, { "description": "Supplement 2 in CaltechDATA: Twenty-eight images of MASTER TIR data from the Tres Virgenes-La Reforma region, Baja California, Mexico", "type": "doi", "url": "https://doi.org/10.22002/D1.1052" } ] }, "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "janeed@sas.upenn.edu", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2005-05-26", "doi": "10.7907/DW9V-3831", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "avouac@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Avouac-J-P", "name": { "family": "Avouac", "given": "Jean-Philippe" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3060-8442", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" }, { "email": "simons@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Simons-M", "name": { "family": "Simons", "given": "Mark" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1412-6395", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2005-05-26", "thesis_defense_date": "2004-07-27", "thesis_approved_date": "2005-05-26", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Dmochowski, Jane Ellen", "advisor_list": "Stock, Joann M. and Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Avouac, Jean-Philippe; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/4741", "eprint_id": 4741, "rev_number": 13, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/7618", "doc_id": 7618, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/46651", "fileid": 46651, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 7618, "filename": "ppersaud_thesis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 67595371, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:11:27", "url": "/4741/1/ppersaud_thesis.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 4741, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "ppersaud_thesis.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "ppersaud_thesis.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/24137" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/24137" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/24137" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/24137", "doc_id": 24137, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/46649", "fileid": 46649, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 24137, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "d7154b6816c1b8cd4693a61da3f06544", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 16333, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:11:26", "url": "/4741/2/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 4741, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/124513", "doc_id": 124513, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/369943", "fileid": 369943, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 124513, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "112c2baa9ffc261e5bad0531bb09537c", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 31642, "mtime": "2021-06-23 23:39:11", "url": "/4741/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 4741, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7618" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/47/41", "datestamp": "2003-12-19", "lastmod": "2021-11-12 19:48:55", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 03:25:14", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "ppersaud@lsu.edu", "id": "Persaud-Patricia", "name": { "family": "Persaud", "given": "Patricia" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3462-7023", "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Images of Early Continental Breakup in and around the Gulf of California and the Role of Basal Shear in Producing Wide Plate Boundaries", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Baja California Moho; Ballenas Transform fault; basal shear; Delfin and Wagner basins; distributed deformation; Gulf of California; multiple faults; reflection seismic data; sonobuoy refraction data; young ocean basin", "abstract": "Active faulting in the northern Gulf of California occurs over a broad zone, 70 x 200 km, affecting two-thirds of the width of new crust that has formed there starting at 6 Ma. This is an unusually wide plate boundary zone with a high density of faults and no evidence for the formation of normal oceanic crust. Over 3000 km of high-resolution, multichannel seismic data were used to map out this zone of distributed faulting and identify multiple basins within the broad rift zone. Previously, numerical models have shown that deformation shifts from one place to another by various mechanisms of strengthening of the active rift zone relative to adjacent regions. Models are presented here that for the first time, show the development of multiple active faults across the width of the plate boundary. These models do not rely on strengthening or weakening effects; rather they assume that shear at the base of the brittle crust is distributed and explore the effects of distributed shear on the style of deformation. Addiionally, the effect of obliquity on the style of deformation is studied and the styles of faulting produced in the models represent a wide range of geological structures, ranging from half-grabens to flower structures. The style of faulting in the northern Gulf of California is produced in a model with distributed shear using the published obliquity for this region.
\r\n\r\nOne mechanism for distributing shear at the base of the brittle crust is lower crustal flow. If a significant amount of lower continental crust exists within the Gulf, it may have flowed in the past. A study of the crustal thickness variations in the continental margins of the Gulf is presented here, that shows thinner crust in a ~50 km wide zone close to the Gulf, along the entire eastern Baja California peninsula. This thinned crust is associated with the eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith. In contrast, the western part of the batholith has a fairly uniform thickness of 35-40 km. It is possible that at the time of breakup, the lower crust was still behaving ductilely and that some of the lower continental crust from the margins now exists within the Gulf.
", "date": "2004", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-12032003-113513", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12032003-113513", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2003-12-19", "doi": "10.7907/8K9G-SS73", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "dla@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Anderson-D-L", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Donald L." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "avouac@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Avouac-J-P", "name": { "family": "Avouac", "given": "Jean-Philippe" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3060-8442", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "member" }, { "email": "heaton@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Heaton-T-H", "name": { "family": "Heaton", "given": "Thomas H." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2003-12-03", "thesis_defense_date": "2003-10-27", "thesis_approved_date": "2003-12-19", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Persaud, Patricia", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W. and Stock, Joann M.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Anderson, Donald L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/2300", "eprint_id": 2300, "rev_number": 13, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/4347", "doc_id": 4347, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/25113", "fileid": 25113, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 4347, "filename": "SNL_Thesis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 3839672, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:49:51", "url": "/2300/1/SNL_Thesis.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 2300, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "SNL_Thesis.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "SNL_Thesis.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/20934" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/20934" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/20934" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/20934", "doc_id": 20934, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/25111", "fileid": 25111, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 20934, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "9a0b616b81c93095ea4cbee57f3aeb19", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 18350, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:49:51", "url": "/2300/2/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 2300, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/4347" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/4347" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/4347" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/122620", "doc_id": 122620, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/368018", "fileid": 368018, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 122620, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "181c8789c5c45c78fbf746bff7966e1c", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 76519, "mtime": "2021-06-23 22:02:23", "url": "/2300/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 2300, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/4347" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/4347" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/4347" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/23/00", "datestamp": "2003-06-10", "lastmod": "2021-02-11 01:28:54", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 02:33:56", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Luo-Sheng-Nian", "name": { "family": "Luo", "given": "Sheng-Nian" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "I. The Heterogeneities at the Core-Mantle and Inner-Core Boundaries from PKP Phases. II. The Static and Dynamic Behavior of Silica at High Pressures", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "high pressure; melting; molecular dynamics; PKP phases; shock wave; silica; superheating and undercooling", "abstract": "Waveform and differential travel-time (DTT) of various PKP phases have been utilized to study the velocity variations at the core-mantle boundary (CMB) and the inner-core boundary (ICB). The spatial concentration of events and stations, and the significant variations in PKPab-PKPdf DTT and waveform of PKPab, indicate localized sharp lateral variation of velocity at the CMB as supported by simulations. Modeling of DTT's among PKiKP, PKIKP and PKP-B-diffracted (Bdiff) phases, and waveform of Bdiff supports that the ratio of relative velocity variations of S- and P-wave at the CMB is larger than 2, and that hemispheric P-wave velocity variations exist at the top of the inner core, and that D' structure is related to the ICB via core dynamics.
\r\n\r\nThe equation of state of stishovite is obtained by direct shock wave loading up to 235 GPa as K0T=306 \u00b1 5 GPa and K0T' = 5.0 \u00b1 0.2 where K0T is ambient bulk modulus and K0T' its pressure derivative. Phase diagram of silica (including melting curve) up to megabar pressure regime is established based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and dynamic and static experiments. Calculations show that perovskite is thermodynamically stable relative to the stishovite and periclase assemblage at lower mantle conditions. A detailed and quantitative examination is conducted on the thermodynamics and phase change mechanisms (including amorphization) that occur upon shock wave loading and unloading of silica. The systematics of maximum undercooling and superheating, are established by incorporating normalized energy barrier for nucleation and heating (cooling) rate, and validated at the atomic level with systematic MD simulations. By considering superheating in shock wave experiments, high-pressure melting curves for silica, alkali halides and transition metals are constructed based on the Lindemann law and the $ln2$ rule for the entropy of melting.
", "date": "2003", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-05302003-174154", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05302003-174154", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2003-06-10", "doi": "10.7907/D8HB-A439", "alt_title": { "items": [ "The Heterogeneities at the Core-Mantle and Inner-Core Boundaries from PKP Phases", "The Static and Dynamic Behavior of Silica at High Pressures" ] }, "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "chair" }, { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "ravi@aero.caltech.edu", "id": "Ravichandran-G", "name": { "family": "Ravichandran", "given": "Guruswami" }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "asimow@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Asimow-P-D", "name": { "family": "Asimow", "given": "Paul David" }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "tja@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2003-05-30", "thesis_defense_date": "2003-04-21", "thesis_approved_date": "2003-06-10", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Luo, Sheng-Nian", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Helmberger, Donald V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/3276", "eprint_id": 3276, "rev_number": 23, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/5779", "doc_id": 5779, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/34261", "fileid": 34261, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 5779, "filename": "thesis.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 2117873, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:58:40", "url": "/3276/1/thesis.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 3276, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "thesis.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/22320" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/22320" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/22320" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/22320", "doc_id": 22320, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/34259", "fileid": 34259, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 22320, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "74b6adc844115e3e00bd0f7b65186a2e", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 12166, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:58:40", "url": "/3276/2/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 3276, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/123502", "doc_id": 123502, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/368917", "fileid": 368917, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 123502, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "eb5d5f8f3804b7e4fa4f861bf40d9fcd", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 41232, "mtime": "2021-06-23 22:42:41", "url": "/3276/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 3276, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5779" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/32/76", "datestamp": "2001-09-06", "lastmod": "2022-08-24 23:24:49", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 02:55:43", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Eisner-Leo", "name": { "family": "Eisner", "given": "Leo" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "A Reciprocity Method for Multiple Source Simulations", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "earthquakes; equivalent medium parameters; finite difference; inversion; numerical modeling; reciprocity; seismic hazard; seismology", "abstract": "This thesis develops and applies the reciprocity method to assess the seismic site and path effects at a chosen location of interest. To do this, we show that the reciprocity theorem is valid for this application, and develop a technique to represent velocity models of sedimentary basins. Using these tools we test the accuracy of synthetic seismograms computed for southern California. Finally, we apply the reciprocity technique to evaluate the site and path effects for three selected sites in southern California.
\r\n\r\nThe first chapter describes the reciprocity method for simulating seismograms due to multiple earthquake sources at a site of interest. It shows a theoretical proof of the method and discusses the practical implementation and accuracy for the finite difference technique. The numerical tests show that the reciprocal simulations can be performed with the same level of accuracy as the forward calculations.
\r\n\r\nThe second chapter develops a new methodology to represent models of sedimentary basins with extremely low near surface velocities by replacing these velocities with equivalent medium parameters for a finite frequency signal. The new model has a higher minimum velocity, which makes the numerical simulations feasible, and minimizes the difference between the seismograms from the original and new model.
\r\n\r\nThe third chapter validates the velocity model by comparing synthetics and data. It applies the reciprocity method and compares the full waveform synthetic seismograms with a large number of weak motion data. The discrepancies between the predicted waveforms and the data are interpreted by analyzing the attributes of seismograms to find regions of the model that are in error.
\r\n\r\nFinally the reciprocity technique is applied to calculate site and path effects in the Los Angeles area for three selected sites by simulating 75 source scenarios on 5 major southern California faults. The largest amplitudes at the selected sites are obtained from earthquakes on local faults rather than an earthquake on the San Andreas fault.
", "date": "2001", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-08302001-030958", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08302001-030958", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2001-09-06", "doi": "10.7907/Y9S0-0S33", "alt_title": { "items": [ "Reciprocity Method in Seismology" ] }, "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "co-advisor" }, { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "jstock@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stock-J-M", "name": { "family": "Stock", "given": "Joann M." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-7865", "role": "chair" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" }, { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "hiroo@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8219-9428", "role": "member" }, { "email": "jason@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Saleeby-J-B", "name": { "family": "Saleeby", "given": "Jason B." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2001-08-30", "thesis_defense_date": "2001-03-01", "thesis_approved_date": "2001-09-06", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained and attached hereto a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Eisner, Leo", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Stock, Joann M.; et el.", "comittee_list": "Stock, Joann M.; Clayton, Robert W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/3002", "eprint_id": 3002, "rev_number": 11, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/5390", "doc_id": 5390, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/31725", "fileid": 31725, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 5390, "filename": "Jackson_m_1999.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 12574902, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:56:09", "url": "/3002/1/Jackson_m_1999.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 3002, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Jackson_m_1999.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Jackson_m_1999.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/21938" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/21938" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/21938" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/10736", "doc_id": 10736, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/203943", "fileid": 203943, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 10736, "filename": "Jackson_Miriam_1999.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "filesize": 1885, "mtime": "2016-08-22 21:16:27", "url": "/3002/2/Jackson_Miriam_1999.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 3002, "pos": 2, "format": "text/plain", "format_desc": "Author OK 2006", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Jackson_Miriam_1999.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "release" }, { "id": "/id/document/21938", "doc_id": 21938, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/31723", "fileid": 31723, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 21938, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "b616e31c6e2f294dcd2b1c3288482811", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 11479, "mtime": "2012-12-26 02:56:09", "url": "/3002/3/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 3002, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5390" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5390" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/5390" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/123284", "doc_id": 123284, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/368694", "fileid": 368694, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 123284, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "5838b07d162e6a067d49ceb6b5e630d2", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 961, "mtime": "2021-06-23 22:30:31", "url": "/3002/4/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 3002, "pos": 4, "placement": 4, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from text/plain to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/10736" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/10736" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/10736" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/30/02", "datestamp": "2006-08-18", "lastmod": "2019-12-21 04:24:52", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 02:49:23", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "mja@nve.no", "id": "Jackson-Miriam", "name": { "family": "Jackson", "given": "Miriam" }, "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Dynamics of the shear margin of Ice Steam B, West Antarctica", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Antarctica; glaciology; ice; ice streams", "abstract": "NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.\r\n\r\nThe ice streams in the West Antarctica Ice Sheet flow at several hundred metres per year. The lateral increase in speed from typical inland ice sheet speeds of a few metres per year to ice stream speeds of several hundred metres per year occurs over a short distance (~ 2 km) in the outer part of the ice stream known as the marginal shear zone (MSZ). The ice in this zone is highly crevassed and chaotically jumbled. This thesis is an effort to understand the dynamics of the MSZ and to find out whether the velocity of the ice stream is controlled primarily by the stresses in its MSZs or by stresses at the base. This is done by determining the marginal shear stress in one of the marginal shear zones using the ice itself as a stress meter. The observed marginal shear strain rate of 0.14 a(-1) is used to calculate the marginal shear stress from the flow law of ice determined by creep tests on ice cores from a MSZ. The test specimen orientation relative to the stress axes in the tests is chosen on the basis of c-axis fabrics so that horizontal shear across vertical planes parallel to the margin is applied to the ice specimens in the test. The resulting marginal shear stress is (2.2 \u00b1 0.3) x 10(5) Pa. This implies that 63 to 100% of the ice stream's support against gravitational loading comes from the margins and only 37 to 0% from the base, so that the margins play an important role in controlling the ice stream motion. The marginal shear stress value is twice that given by the ice-stream model of Echelmeyer et al. (1994), and the corresponding strain-rate enhancement factors differ greatly (E [...] 1 - 2 from the creep tests vs. E [...] 10 - 12.5 from the model of Echelmeyer et al. (1994)). This large discrepancy may possibly be explained by recrystallization of the ice during or shortly after coring. Estimates of the expected recrystallization time scale range widely but include the ~ 1-hour time scale of coring and leave the likelihood of recrystallization uncertain. However, the observed two-maximum fabric type is not what is expected for annealing recrystallization from the sharp single-maximum fabric that would be expected in situ at the high shear strains involved ([gamma] ~ 20). Experimental data from Wilson (1982) suggest that if the core did recrystallize, the prior fabric was a two-maximum fabric not substantially different from the observed one, which implies that the measured flow law and derived marginal shear stress are applicable to the in-situ situation.\r\n\r\nAn ice-stream flow model was developed to explore the discrepancy in enhancement factors. Using this model, which is similar to the model of Echelmeyer et al. (1994), it is possible to match the observed surface velocity profile across the ice stream using a strain rate enhancement factor of 5. This is more than four times the value found in the experimental work but half the value from the modelling results of Echelmeyer et al. The flow model suggests that the lateral shear stress integrated over the margins is larger than the basal shear stress integrated over the base, so that the ice stream is controlled at the sides rather than at the base.\r\n\r\nIt was thus not possible to reconcile fully the results from the experimental work and from modelling, since the modelling still suggests that there is substantial flow enhancement in the MSZ. There may be variation of the enhancement factor with depth, so that at 300 m depth the enhancement factor is close to 1, but increases at greater depths.\r\n\r\nc-axis measurements in ice from the middle of the MSZ reveal that there is an asymmetrical two-maxima fabric, as expected for ice under simple shear. 600 m away, between the middle of the MSZ margin and its outer edge, there is still a two-maxima fabric but the secondary maximum is much smaller and the primary maximum is much bigger. 500 m further, right at the boundary between the shear margin and the ice stream, there is only a single maximum. Outside the ice stream the fabrics show a single, very diffuse maximum.\r\n", "date": "1999", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-08032006-130753", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08032006-130753", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2006-08-18", "doi": "10.7907/8254-RC11", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Kamb-W-B", "name": { "family": "Kamb", "given": "W. Barclay" }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" } } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2006-08-03", "thesis_defense_date": "1999-04-02", "thesis_approved_date": "2006-08-18", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Jackson, Miriam", "advisor_list": "Kamb, W. Barclay and Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Unknown, Unknown" }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/16141", "eprint_id": 16141, "rev_number": 19, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/139966", "doc_id": 139966, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/416015", "fileid": 416015, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 139966, "filename": "Scrivner_CW_1998.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "47c44edc7635206219dcfa0038081f7c", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 45879608, "mtime": "2023-07-14 19:00:12", "url": "/16141/1/Scrivner_CW_1998.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 16141, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Scrivner_CW_1998.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/139967", "doc_id": 139967, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/416017", "fileid": 416017, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 139967, "filename": "Scrivner_CW_1998.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "hash": "198e418b6fadc60a1a3953ccfa4af721", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 137543534, "mtime": "2023-07-14 19:01:32", "url": "/16141/2/Scrivner_CW_1998.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 16141, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "application/zip", "format": "application/zip", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Scrivner_CW_1998.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "archival" }, { "id": "/id/document/139995", "doc_id": 139995, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/416219", "fileid": 416219, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 139995, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "0820071566f88b1b66a1aec2840343a2", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 19966, "mtime": "2023-07-25 16:12:53", "url": "/16141/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 16141, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/139966" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/139966" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/139966" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 51, "dir": "disk0/00/01/61/41", "datestamp": "2023-07-14 20:46:55", "lastmod": "2023-07-14 20:47:17", "status_changed": "2023-07-14 20:46:55", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Scrivner-Craig-William", "name": { "family": "Scrivner", "given": "Craig William" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Analysis and Modeling of Seismic Ground Motions in Heterogeneous Structures in Southern California", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "(Geophysics)", "abstract": "This thesis contains studies of seismic data from the 1995-1996 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, an aftershock of the 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake and the 1991 Sierra Madre mainshock, and aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The Ridgecrest data set spans southern California, including stations in the Los Angeles area basins. The Whittier Narrows/Sierra Madre and Northridge data sets consist of stations in the Los Angeles and San Fernando Valleys, respectively, and record earthquakes occurring directly adjacent to these sedimentary basins. The studies examine the variability of ground motions in the crust and details of seismic propagation from the crust into sedimentary basins. In the Ridgecrest study, amplitudes of synthetic waveforms from a 1D model are compared with data amplitudes at rock, soil, and basin sites. At rock sites, the data amplitudes are within a factor of 2 of the synthetic amplitudes. At basin and soil sites, the data are within a factor of 3 of the synthetic amplitudes. Stations beyond the trailing edge of sedimentary basins are affected by leaked basin surface waves. In the Whittier Narrows/Sierra Madre study, waveform phases generated by the edge of the Los Angeles basin are identified and modeled with a 2D structure. In the data, multiples of the direct shear wave, reflected from the surface and turned by the basin edge, are up to two times the amplitude of the direct arrival. A simple, smooth, 2D basin edge model produces the correct timing and relative amplitude of basin-trapped phases. In the Northridge study, we contrast waveforms from a shallow and a deep event. The waveforms from the shallow event include basin-generated surface waves in the basin, and a phase-shift in the direct shear wave outside the basin. A model with a strong velocity contrast at about 1 km depth in the upper basin, a depth for the entire basin just above the shallow source depth, and a gradient beneath the basin produces synthetic waveforms that match the distinctive features in the data set.", "date": "1998", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:07142023-185900244", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07142023-185900244", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_on": "2023-07-14 20:46:55", "doi": "10.7907/m61x-wq81", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Heaton-T-H", "name": { "family": "Heaton", "given": "Thomas H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3363-2197", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8219-9428", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1997-08-04", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Scrivner, Craig William", "advisor_list": "Helmberger, Donald V. and Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Heaton, Thomas H.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/15068", "eprint_id": 15068, "rev_number": 18, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/137993", "doc_id": 137993, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/402241", "fileid": 402241, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 137993, "filename": "Wen_L_1998.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "b0fcf3489f69977cae0bb0c41b25248d", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 57610601, "mtime": "2022-12-01 21:58:16", "url": "/15068/1/Wen_L_1998.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 15068, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Wen_L_1998.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/137994", "doc_id": 137994, "rev_number": 4, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/402243", "fileid": 402243, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 137994, "filename": "Wen_L_1998.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "hash": "ab38f5ac72e9ad237e8da7c4b5ae411f", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 194760094, "mtime": "2022-12-01 21:58:37", "url": "/15068/2/Wen_L_1998.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 15068, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "application/zip", "format": "application/zip", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Wen_L_1998.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "archival" }, { "id": "/id/document/138003", "doc_id": 138003, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/402492", "fileid": 402492, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 138003, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "0c31c8887ea851148a4bc25a998eb7bd", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 24546, "mtime": "2022-12-06 21:45:49", "url": "/15068/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 15068, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/137993" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/137993" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/137993" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 51, "dir": "disk0/00/01/50/68", "datestamp": "2022-12-02 19:19:30", "lastmod": "2022-12-02 19:20:49", "status_changed": "2022-12-02 19:19:30", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Wen-Lianxing", "name": { "family": "Wen", "given": "Lianxing" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5344-6212", "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Plate Tectonics, Mantle Convection and D\" Seismic Structures", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geophysics", "abstract": "This thesis is directed at understanding dynamics of the Earth's mantle. I adopt multidisciplinary approaches toward the problem: geodynamical and seismological.
\r\n\r\nMy approach in geodynamics is directed at understanding the relationship between large scale surface observables (geoid, topography, plate motions) and mantle rheology and convection of the present-day Earth. In chapter 2, I do best-fit correlations of shallow mantle structure with various tectonic features and remove them to generate what we call \"residual tomography.\" In chapter 3, I show that the pattern, spectrum and amplitude of the \"residual topography\" are consistent with shallow origin of the \"Earth surface dynamic topography;\" the very long wavelength geoid and topography (l = 2 - 3) are successfully explained by density models inferred from the \"residual tomography,\" assuming layered mantle convection stratified at the \"920 km seismic discontinuity.\" In chapter 4, I develop a new method to calculate mantle flow in the spherical coordinates with lateral variation of viscosity. The viscosity contrast between continental and oceanic regions is identified to have dominating effects on both the observed poloidal/toroidal ratio and pattern of toroidal motions at long wavelengths. I show convection models with lateral variation of viscosity are capable of producing long wavelength plate motions observed in plate tectonics.
\r\n\r\nMy approach in seismology is focused on exploring fine structures near the core\u00ad mantle boundary and developing new techniques for computing synthetic seismo\u00adgrams. I discuss the method development and strategies to explore fine structures near the core-mantle boundary region in the following chapters. In chapter 5, I develop a hybrid method which can handle the seismic wave propagation in heterogeneous regions at large distances. The hybrid method is a combination of analytical and numerical methods, with numerical methods applied in heterogeneous regions only and analytical methods outside. In chapter 6, I discuss wave propagation of SKS and SPdKS phases through ultra-low velocity zones near the core-mantle boundary and constrain the general structures of ultra low velocity zones near the core-mantle boundary under Fiji subduction zone and Iceland. The long period SKS-SPdKS data are explained by ultra low velocity zones with P velocity reduction of 10% and horizontal length scales of about 250 km and height of about 40 km. S velocity reduction of 30% is consistent with the data, although the trade-offs between S velocity reduc\u00adtion and height of the structure exist. In chapter 7, I discuss wave propagation of PKP and its precursors and constrain the detailed structures of the ultra low velocity zones near the core-mantle boundary from observed broadband PKP precursors. The observed long period precursors are explained by the existence of ultra low velocity zones with P velocity reduction of at least 7% and horizontal length scales of 100-300 km and height of about 60-80 km, whereas short period precursors suggest that the structures have smooth edges and structures with smaller scale are adjacent to these large Gaussian-shaped structures. These fine structures may be indicatives of vigor\u00adous small-scale convection or the instabilities of the bottom thermal boundary layer of the mantle.
", "date": "1998", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:12012022-215809006", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12012022-215809006", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_on": "2022-12-02 19:19:30", "doi": "10.7907/mn9a-ve49", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Anderson-D-L", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Donald L." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Anderson-D-L", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Donald L." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8219-9428", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Stevenson-D-J", "name": { "family": "Stevenson", "given": "David John" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9432-7159", "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1998-01-15", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Wen, Lianxing", "advisor_list": "Anderson, Donald L. and Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Helmberger, Donald V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/4842", "eprint_id": 4842, "rev_number": 11, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/7731", "doc_id": 7731, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/47467", "fileid": 47467, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 7731, "filename": "Zhu_l_1998.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 10551999, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:12:17", "url": "/4842/1/Zhu_l_1998.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 4842, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Zhu_l_1998.pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Zhu_l_1998.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/24250" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/24250" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/24250" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/24250", "doc_id": 24250, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/47465", "fileid": 47465, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 24250, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "5d75a035a327eb11a0f175182ad0bd90", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 12806, "mtime": "2012-12-26 03:12:17", "url": "/4842/2/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 4842, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7731" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7731" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/7731" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 2, "dir": "disk0/00/00/48/42", "datestamp": "2006-12-14", "lastmod": "2019-12-21 01:44:57", "status_changed": "2009-09-25 03:27:04", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "lupei@eas.slu.edu", "id": "Zhu-Lupei", "name": { "family": "Zhu", "given": "Lupei" }, "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Broadband waveform modeling and its application to the lithospheric structure of the Tibetan plateau", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geophysics", "abstract": "This thesis presents a study of the lithospheric structure of the Tibetan Plateau. The data are broadband seismic waveforms recorded during the 1991-1992 Sino-US Tibet PASSCAL experiment. Several techniques are developed to retrieve the structural information from these waveforms at ranges from near-field to teleseismic distances.\r\n\r\nFirst, a 1-D average crustal velocity model is derived from regional earthquakes, based on travel times of various phases and modeling waveforms of Love waves. The source mechanisms and depths of 62 events in Tibet and surrounding areas are determined using this 1-D model. The result is that most earthquakes occur at shallow depths, between 5 and 15 km. Thrust faulting source mechanisms are dominant on the margins of the plateau. Within the plateau but at locations with surface elevation less than 5 km, source mechanisms are a mixture of strike-slip and thrust. In areas with surface elevation higher than 5 km, all events show consistently normal faulting, which indicates that a large portion of the high plateau is under EW extension. I also found three sub-crustal earthquakes at depth range between 70 and 80 km in southern Tibet. Their existence suggests relatively cold uppermost mantle in the region.\r\n\r\nThe lateral variations are investigated using teleseismic waveforms. Crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio at each station are estimated using receiver function analysis. I found crustal Vp/Vs ratios to range from 1.75 to 2.0 and crustal thicknesses from 55 to 80 km. On average the northern Tibetan crust is 20 km thinner and has a higher Vp/Vs ratio than the southern part. Teleseismic P and S arrival delays exhibit strong azimuthal and lateral variation. The uniform surface elevation of Tibet coupled with large variations of crustal thickness and upper mantle velocity suggest that the north-central plateau is supported partly by a hot upper mantle. A low velocity layer is found in the mid-crust of northern Tibet. Modeling the anomalous \"double-pulse\" P waveform at the northernmost station reveals a 15 to 20 km Moho offset between the plateau and the Qaidam Basin.", "date": "1998", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechETD:etd-12072006-152420", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12072006-152420", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "deposited_by": "Imported from ETD-db", "deposited_on": "2006-12-14", "doi": "10.7907/EWXK-PQ59", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Anderson-D-L", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Don L." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_submitted_date": "2006-12-07", "thesis_defense_date": "1998-02-26", "thesis_approved_date": "2006-12-14", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive\nlicense to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified below,\nmy thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Zhu, Lupei", "advisor_list": "Helmberger, Donald V. and Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Helmberger, Donald V.; Anderson, Don L.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/16205", "eprint_id": 16205, "rev_number": 20, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/140423", "doc_id": 140423, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/418678", "fileid": 418678, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 140423, "filename": "Thio_HK_1996.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "ab9b82536c13719c0eeeeab32bdd7d8b", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 40616829, "mtime": "2023-10-10 19:21:38", "url": "/16205/1/Thio_HK_1996.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 16205, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Thio_HK_1996.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/140424", "doc_id": 140424, "rev_number": 4, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/418680", "fileid": 418680, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 140424, "filename": "Thio_HK_1996.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "hash": "14b8a62da2ca12793b8e18e306742d27", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 188073546, "mtime": "2023-10-10 19:21:52", "url": "/16205/2/Thio_HK_1996.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 16205, "pos": 2, "placement": 2, "mime_type": "application/zip", "format": "application/zip", "format_desc": "source files", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Thio_HK_1996.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "archival" }, { "id": "/id/document/140425", "doc_id": 140425, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/418691", "fileid": 418691, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 140425, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/x-c", "hash": "4c4611df2d6a3026b9d3a4fe370bc40d", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 20058, "mtime": "2023-10-10 19:32:04", "url": "/16205/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 16205, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/x-c", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/140423" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/140423" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/140423" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 51, "dir": "disk0/00/01/62/05", "datestamp": "2023-10-12 16:24:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-12 16:25:36", "status_changed": "2023-10-12 16:24:19", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Thio-Hong-Kie", "name": { "family": "Thio", "given": "Hong Kie" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "1. Using Short-Period Surface Waves to Study Seismic Source and Structure. 2. Source Complexity of Large Strike-Slip Earthquakes", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "(Geophysics)", "abstract": "The availability of high dynamic range very broad band seismic data in recent years has greatly increased the level of detail and the speed with which we can study the seismic source. The work presented in this thesis draws heavily on the deployment of broad-band seismometers, both on a worldwide scale, with networks like IRIS, IRIS/IDA and GEOSCOPE, as well as on a local scale, using data from the TERRAscope network.\r\nThe routine study of seismicity in Southern California, like in other seismically active regions, has traditionally been carried out using dense arrays of high-gain short-period seismometers. With the addition of the very broad band instrumentation of TERRAscope we can improve this pursuit in several ways, one of which being the use of short period surface waves to study local earthquakes as described in chapter 1 of this thesis. Over the years, surface waves have proved to be very reliable and stable for moment tensor inversions. The method is very rapid, and because of the longer periods used they are more reliable for consistent estimation of earthquake moment. At short distances the surface waves arrive within a few minutes after an event has occurred at the stations, and with real-time telemetry we can obtain the size and mechanism for local earthquakes within minutes. The propagation corrections for surface waves are very straightforward so that this procedure can be made completely automatic. Armed with the results from above procedure, we can determine travel time residuals for a dense distribution of raypaths across Southern California. In chapter 2 we present tomographic inversions of these resid\u00aduals, for Love and Rayleigh waves at periods between 10 and 50 seconds. The results indicate that lateral variations of phase velocity of up to 10% exist in the area, and that these anomalies can have relatively short wavelengths.
\r\n\r\nThe 1994 Northridge earthquake provided a wealth of data to apply our moment tensor inversion to, and in chapter 3 we present a detailed analysis of the aftershock mechanisms in relation to the source complexity of the mainshock. We show that the orientation of the aftershock mechanisms changes away from the zone where rupture took place. We suggest that this change in mechanism reflects changes in fault geometry which have limited the extent of the Northridge rupture, leading to a high static stress drop.
\r\n\r\nThe issue of source complexity is discussed further in chapter 4, where we present a systematic study of the rupture of three large strike-slip earthquakes and compare these results with observation on the surface rupture. We find a very good correlation which suggests that the source complexity can be attributed to fault geometry, which tends to become simpler as slip accumulates along a fault. This provides an explanation for the high stress drops that are observed for earthquakes which occur along faults with low strain rates.
\r\n\r\nFinally, in chapter 5 we compiled energy and moment estimates for earthquakes in Southern California, based on the results in the previous chapters. We find that the radiated seismic energy is not linearly related to the seismic moment, but that instead the\r\nenergy-moment ratio increases as a function of moment. We provide some suggestions as to the cause of this relationship, including a moment dependence of the specific fracture energy and a non-similarity of the frictional stress between different size earthquakes.
", "date": "1996", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:10102023-192037999", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10102023-192037999", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_on": "2023-10-12 16:24:19", "doi": "10.7907/s8s1-f531", "alt_title": { "items": [ "Using Short-Period Surface Waves to Study Seismic Source and Structure", "Source Complexity of Large Strike-Slip Earthquakes" ] }, "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8219-9428", "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Heaton-T-H", "name": { "family": "Heaton", "given": "Thomas H." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3363-2197", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8219-9428", "role": "member" }, { "id": "Silver-L-T", "name": { "family": "Silver", "given": "Leon T." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1995-06-16", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1996", "author_list": "Thio, Hong Kie", "advisor_list": "Kanamori, Hiroo and Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Helmberger, Donald V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/7397", "eprint_id": 7397, "rev_number": 35, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/34601", "doc_id": 34601, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/109768", "fileid": 109768, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 34601, "filename": "Rowan_lr_1993.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "eef97ffaaba8659e9c186a1d5834bd2a", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 38194629, "mtime": "2013-01-14 18:48:59", "url": "/7397/1/Rowan_lr_1993.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 7397, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", 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"http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/35766" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 87, "dir": "disk0/00/00/73/97", "datestamp": "2013-01-14 19:18:03", "lastmod": "2022-11-09 19:20:02", "status_changed": "2013-01-14 19:18:03", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "rowan@alumni.caltech.edu", "id": "Rowan-L-R", "name": { "family": "Rowan", "given": "Linda Rose" }, "show_email": "YES" } ] }, "title": "Equation of state of molten mid-ocean ridge basalt. Structure of Kilauea volcano.", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Basalt, tomography, shock wave experiments, equation of state, mineral physics, volcanology, mantle dynamics\r\n", "abstract": "Basalts are the most ubiquitous rocks erupting at the earth's surface at the present\r\ntime and they provide an important probe of the subsurface processes occurring\r\nwithin planetary interiors. Recent advances in both mineral physics and seismic\r\nanalysis have allowed me to undertake two independent studies related to the genesis\r\nand eruption of basaltic magmas. Chapters 1 and 2 are part of an experimental study\r\nconducted in the shock wave laboratory on the equation of state of molten mid-ocean\r\nridge basalt and the chemical interactions of the shocked liquid with its Mo container.\r\nMy advisors for this project were Thomas Ahrens and Edward Stolper. Chapter 3 is a\r\ntravel time tomography study of the three-dimensional structure of Kilauea Volcano,\r\nHawaii in collaboration with Robert Clayton. Chapter 3 is currently in press in the\r\nJournal of Geophysical Research.
\r\n\r\nThe EOS of molten MORB to 20 GPa was accomplished using the innovative silicate\r\nliquid shock wave measurement technique on the 40 mm propellant gun developed\r\nby Rigden [1986] and Miller [1990). This technique has been used to determine\r\nthe EOS for four synthetic melts and this thesis applies the technique to a natural\r\nmelt, a MORB dredged from the Juan de Fuca ridge. The resulting EOS indicates\r\nthat the MORB liquid is very compressible and therefore has a low bulk modulus of\r\n11.7 GPa. These results are consistent with low pressure static compression experiments\r\non similar basalts, but are not consistent with the results of ultrasonic interferometry.\r\nThe compressible nature of the MORB liquid is related to its composition\r\nand this may be expressed best by comparing the MORB Hugoniot to the Hugoniot\r\ndetermined for An_(36)Di_(64) and komatiite. The MORB and An_(36)Di_(64) Hugoniots show\r\nsignificant increase in density at low pressure followed by a stiffening at high pressures\r\nwhere the liquid Hugoniot approaches its respective dense oxide high pressure\r\ncomposition. This may be related to gradual coordination changes from four-fold to\r\nsix-fold for the Si^(+4) and Al^(+3) which are essentially complete at the high pressure\r\nwhere the curve stiffens. The MORB is much more compressible than the komatiite\r\nand overtakes the komatiite in density at a low pressure of 2.5 GPa. This is a\r\ncompositional effect caused by the enrichment of the MORB in Al_2O_3 and SiO_2 and\r\ndepletion in MgO compared to komatiite. The compressible nature of the MORB\r\nallows it to become denser than the surrounding mantle near the base of the low\r\nvelocity zone and therefore it is unlikely that MORB can be derived from very deep\r\nin the earth's upper mantle.
\r\n\r\nFor most shock wave experiments, the sample is not recovered and nothing can\r\nbe determined about its structure or composition due to the passage of the shock\r\nwave. In a few of my EOS experiments on molten MORB, however, the shocked sample\r\nwas recovered and could be studied in detail. Observations of impact-induced\r\ninteractions between the silicate liquid and its Mo container provide insight into\r\nplanetary impact and differentiation processes involving metal-silicate partitioning.\r\nThe shocked liquids showed extreme reduction and with increasing pressure the FeO\r\ncontent of the initial melt was reduced to almost nothing by reaction with the Mo.\r\nThese reactions produced metallic particles enriched in Mo, Fe and Si. These particles\r\nshow a similar texture as those found at impact sites on the earth and moon\r\nand provide clues to the impact origin of metallic particles.
\r\n\r\nA travel time tomography study of local P wave data from Kilauea Volcano,\r\nHawaii, was undertaken to determine the lateral heterogeneities produced by its intricate\r\nmagmatic and tectonic environment. The technique proved to be a powerful\r\nprobe of the volcano's intrusive plumbing because the presence of a dense seismic\r\narray and many local earthquakes allowed for excellent coverage of complex subsurface\r\nfeatures. Analysis and interpretation of the tomographic images leads to the\r\nfollowing inferrred model. The main shallow magma reservoir is delineated by a\r\nslow anomaly centered 2 km southeast of Halemaumau caldera. There is a distinct\r\nhigh velocity region centered northwest of the summit from 0 to 2 km depth that\r\nmay represent a dense wall and/or cap of intrusive rock that acts as a barrier or\r\ncontainment structure for the northern part of the reservoir. We suggest that the\r\nshallow reservoir is a narrow, compartmentalized region of sills and dikes because of\r\nthe closely spaced high and low velocity anomalies near the summit. The rift zones\r\nof Kilauea are imaged as major, high velocity entities, widening to the south with\r\ndepth until 6 km. These fast anomalies may be related to the sheeted dike complexes\r\nalong the rifts. On a finer scale, magma pockets centered at 0-2 km depth have been\r\ninferred beneath Makaopuhi, Mauna Ulu and Puu Oo, along the east rift zone. The\r\nHilina and Kaoiki fault zones, are imaged as slow features at shallow depths (less than 6\r\nkm), related to their tensional structures that produce the open fractures and cracks\r\nin the basaltic edifice. The Koae fault system is imaged as a slightly fast shallow\r\nstructure (less than 6 km) possibly related to intrusive diking from the adjacent rift zones.\r\nContinued inversions with the immense amount of seismic data collected for Hawaiian\r\nevents will allow the detailed development of a three-dimensional velocity model\r\nfor Kilauea. Such a model will be extremely useful to seismologists and petrologists\r\nalike for understanding the tectonic growth and magmatic evolution of this dynamic\r\nshield volcano.
\r\n\r\n", "date": "1993", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:01142013-104747074", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01142013-104747074", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_by": "Benjamin Perez", "deposited_on": "2013-01-14 19:18:03", "doi": "10.7907/J6D0-GV56", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Stolper-E-M", "name": { "family": "Stolper", "given": "Edward M." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." } }, { "id": "Stolper-E-M", "name": { "family": "Stolper", "given": "Edward M." } }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." } }, { "id": "Rossman-G-R", "name": { "family": "Rossman", "given": "George Robert" } }, { "id": "Westphal-J-A", "name": { "family": "Westphal", "given": "James A." } } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1993-01-06", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geol" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1993", "author_list": "Rowan, Linda Rose", "advisor_list": "Ahrens, Thomas J.; Stolper, Edward M.; et el.", "comittee_list": "Ahrens, Thomas J.; Stolper, Edward M.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/6696", "eprint_id": 6696, "rev_number": 19, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/13673", "doc_id": 13673, "rev_number": 4, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/88752", "fileid": 88752, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 13673, "filename": "Worden_cb_1992.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 24311233, "mtime": "2012-12-26 04:38:56", "url": "/6696/1/Worden_cb_1992.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 6696, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Worden_cb_1992.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/13674", "doc_id": 13674, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/207544", "fileid": 207544, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 13674, "filename": "Worden_cb_1992.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "filesize": 78728126, "mtime": "2016-08-22 21:23:16", "url": "/6696/2/Worden_cb_1992.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 6696, "pos": 2, "format": "application/zip", "format_desc": "TIFF", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Worden_cb_1992.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/127066", "doc_id": 127066, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/372500", "fileid": 372500, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 127066, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/x-c", "hash": "c86ee6e72aaa1a08deb328aa728f4295", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 28147, "mtime": "2021-06-24 01:24:09", "url": "/6696/3/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 6696, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "text/x-c", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/13673" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/13673" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/13673" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 104, "dir": "disk0/00/00/66/96", "datestamp": "2011-09-30 19:41:50", "lastmod": "2022-11-09 19:20:04", "status_changed": "2011-09-30 19:41:50", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Worden-C-B", "name": { "family": "Worden", "given": "Charles Bruce" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Interactive seismic imaging on a multicomputer and application to the Hosgri fault", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geology", "abstract": "We present a system designed to change the manner in which seismic reflection data is imaged, by enabling interactive response to user input. This approach greatly\r\neases the effort required to produce a seismic image and gives the analyst the flexibility to explore a wide range of models. We also argue that the ability to interact with the image can greatly aid in the interpretation process, and that the structural geologist charged with interpreting the image should be directly involved in the imaging\r\nprocess. Our approach differs from current seismic\r\nprocessing techniques that limit the ability of the seismic analyst to fully explore the imaging parameters. Current methods also provide the seismic interpreter with little information as to the robustness or reliability of the imaged structure.
\r\n\r\nThe interactive imaging system is implemented on a heterogeneous, medium-grained multicomputer. This machine is configured to provide the substantial performance required by the interactive imaging task. We discuss the\r\nimplementation of the system as four separate, but\r\ninterrelated tasks: data I/O, computation, image display, and user interface. Each of these functions is supported by hardware specifically suited to the task. The system software is designed to conceal as much of the parallel implementation as possible from a programmer wishing to add processing functions.
\r\n\r\nThe interactive system is applied to a portion of EDGE seismic refection profile RU-3 that crosses the Hosgri fault, offshore central California. From the imaged\r\nstructure we infer that the Hosgri is a near-vertical fault, with relatively recent strike-slip displacement. We see no evidence, however, of recent thrust faulting.
\r\n", "date": "1992", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:09302011-112951758", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09302011-112951758", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_by": "Dan Anguka", "deposited_on": "2011-09-30 19:41:50", "doi": "10.7907/arcb-zc42", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Harkrider-D-G", "name": { "family": "Harkrider", "given": "David G." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Silver-L-T", "name": { "family": "Silver", "given": "Leon T." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Seitz-C-L", "name": { "family": "Seitz", "given": "Charles L." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1991-10-23", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geol" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1992", "author_list": "Worden, Charles Bruce", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Harkrider, David G.; Silver, Leon T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/6283", "eprint_id": 6283, "rev_number": 20, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/12252", "doc_id": 12252, "rev_number": 5, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/80298", "fileid": 80298, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 12252, "filename": "Graves_rw_1991.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 63371986, "mtime": "2012-12-26 04:33:44", "url": "/6283/1/Graves_rw_1991.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 6283, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Graves_rw_1991.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/27286" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/27286" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/27286" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/12253", "doc_id": 12253, "rev_number": 4, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/206642", "fileid": 206642, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 12253, "filename": "Graves_rw_1991.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "filesize": 126065216, "mtime": "2016-08-22 21:21:51", "url": "/6283/2/Graves_rw_1991.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 6283, "pos": 2, "format": "application/zip", "format_desc": "TIFF", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Graves_rw_1991.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/27286", "doc_id": 27286, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/80296", "fileid": 80296, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 27286, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "fc461df660bf9c423f4ed3bd864b011c", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 10104, "mtime": "2012-12-26 04:33:44", "url": "/6283/3/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 6283, "pos": 3, "placement": 3, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/12252" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/12252" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/12252" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/126496", "doc_id": 126496, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/371930", "fileid": 371930, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 126496, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "92406c7846f8e655c7fc32538494193f", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 21577, "mtime": "2021-06-24 00:54:36", "url": "/6283/4/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 6283, "pos": 4, "placement": 4, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/12252" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/12252" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/12252" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 51, "dir": "disk0/00/00/62/83", "datestamp": "2011-04-12 18:53:48", "lastmod": "2021-04-16 23:28:01", "status_changed": "2011-04-12 18:53:48", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Graves-R-W", "name": { "family": "Graves", "given": "Robert Wilson" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Modeling seismic wave propagation using paraxial extrapolators", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geology", "abstract": "The development of a paraxial extrapolation system to simulate seismic wave\r\nfield propagation in complex three-dimensional (3-D) media results in a practical\r\napproach to address modeling problems that require large computer memory.\r\nThe paraxial approach applies to wave propagation problems in which most of the\r\nenergy is traveling within a restricted angular cone about a principle axis of the\r\nproblem. To set up the paraxial system, the equations of motion are initially cast\r\nas a first-order extrapolation system. Approximating the exact one-way extrapolation\r\noperator for this system with a truncated series expansion yields a sequence\r\nof paraxial extrapolation operators. Using the second-order operator results in a\r\nparaxial system which is accurate for propagation angles out to 60\u00b0 with respect to\r\nthe extrapolation axis. The acoustic formulation of this system produces excellent\r\nresults as compared to a full wave field calculation. Formulating an appropriate\r\nsystem for the elastic case is more difficult due to the coupling between P and\r\nS energy. Specifying media variations as small perturbations to a homogeneous\r\nreference medium leads to a useful formulation of the paraxial system for the 2-D elastic\r\ncase.\r\nUsing the acoustic system to model path effects for local earthquakes recorded\r\nat two southern California stations indicates the strong influence that the 3-D\r\ncrustal basins of this region have on the propagation of seismic energy. Although\r\nthe simulation tracks only acoustic waves, the method is capable of modeling effects\r\ndue to focusing, diffraction and the generation of multiple reflections and\r\nrefractions. The modeling results show that the 3-D structure of the Los Angeles,\r\nSan Fernando and San Gabriel basins create strong patterns of focusing and defocusing\r\nfor propagation paths coming into the stations located at Pasadena (PAS)\r\nand the University of Southern California (USC). These simulations compare well\r\nwith earthquake data recorded at both stations.\r\n", "date": "1991", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:04112011-093820974", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04112011-093820974", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Benjamin Perez", "deposited_by": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_on": "2011-04-12 18:53:48", "doi": "10.7907/10tz-eh38", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Harkrider-D-G", "name": { "family": "Harkrider", "given": "David G." }, "role": "chair" }, { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1990-11-16", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1991", "author_list": "Graves, Robert Wilson", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Harkrider, David G.; Helmberger, Donald V.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/7989", "eprint_id": 7989, "rev_number": 17, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/43487", "doc_id": 43487, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/129532", "fileid": 129532, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 43487, "filename": "Zhou_h_1990.zip", "mime_type": "application/x-zip", "hash": "f0c6b4cc335d74de741ab9af8a031aa5", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 295035731, "mtime": "2013-10-11 14:48:45", "url": "/7989/1/Zhou_h_1990.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 7989, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/x-zip", "format": "application/zip", "format_desc": "TIFF", "language": "en", "security": 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"http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/43488" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/43488" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 51, "dir": "disk0/00/00/79/89", "datestamp": "2013-10-11 16:10:17", "lastmod": "2021-04-16 23:08:22", "status_changed": "2013-10-11 16:10:17", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Zhou-Hua-wei", "name": { "family": "Zhou", "given": "Hua-wei" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Travel time tomographic studies of seismic structures around subducted lithospheric slabs", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geophysics", "abstract": "The nature of the subducted lithospheric slab is investigated seismologically by tomographic inversions of ISC residual travel times. The\r\nslab, in which nearly all deep earthquakes occur, is fast in the seismic images because it is much cooler than the ambient mantle. High resolution three-dimensional P and S wave models in the NW Pacific are obtained using regional data, while inversion for the SW Pacific slabs includes teleseismic arrivals. Resolution and noise estimations show the models are generally well-resolved.
\r\n\r\nThe slab anomalies in these models, as inferred from the seismicity, are generally coherent in the upper mantle and become contorted and decrease in amplitude with depth. Fast slabs are surrounded by slow regions shallower than 350 km depth. Slab fingering, including segmentation and spreading, is indicated near the bottom of the upper mantle. The fast anomalies associated with the Japan, Izu-Bonin, Mariana and Kermadec subduction zones tend to flatten to sub-horizontal at depth, while downward spreading may occur under parts of the Mariana and Kuril arcs. The Tonga slab appears to end around 550 km depth, but is underlain by a fast band at 750-1000 km depths.
\r\n\r\nThe NW Pacific model combined with the Clayton-Comer mantle model predicts many observed residual sphere patterns. The predictions indicate that the near-source anomalies affect the residual spheres less than the teleseismic contributions. The teleseismic contributions may be removed either by using a mantle model, or using teleseismic station averages of residuals from only regional events. The slab-like fast bands in the corrected residual spheres are are consistent with seismicity trends under the Mariana Tzu-Bonin and Japan trenches, but are inconsistent for the Kuril events.
\r\n\r\nThe comparison of the tomographic models with earthquake focal mechanisms shows that deep compression axes and fast velocity slab anomalies are in consistent alignment, even when the slab is contorted or flattened. Abnormal stress patterns are seen at major junctions of the arcs. The depth boundary between tension and compression in the central parts of these arcs appears to depend on the dip and topology of the slab.
\r\n", "date": "1990", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:10102013-155017222", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10102013-155017222", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Kathy Johnson", "deposited_by": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_on": "2013-10-11 16:10:17", "doi": "10.7907/57m9-s813", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" } } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1989-08-04", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Zhou, Hua-wei", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Unknown, Unknown" }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/6037", "eprint_id": 6037, "rev_number": 24, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/11289", "doc_id": 11289, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/206104", "fileid": 206104, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 11289, "filename": "Gudmundsson_o_1990.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "filesize": 55868414, "mtime": "2016-08-22 21:20:54", "url": "/6037/2/Gudmundsson_o_1990.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 6037, "pos": 2, "format": "application/zip", "format_desc": "TIFF", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Gudmundsson_o_1990.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/11290", "doc_id": 11290, "rev_number": 5, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/74648", "fileid": 74648, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 11290, "filename": "Gudmundsson_o_1990.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 20829686, "mtime": "2012-12-26 04:30:23", "url": "/6037/3/Gudmundsson_o_1990.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 6037, "pos": 3, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Gudmundsson_o_1990.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "content": "final", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion", "uri": "/id/document/26988" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion", "uri": "/id/document/26988" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion", "uri": "/id/document/26988" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/26988", "doc_id": 26988, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/74646", "fileid": 74646, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 26988, "filename": "preview.png", "mime_type": "image/png", "hash": "ba5d3fbf101b62e2e4138e202db244df", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 10079, "mtime": "2012-12-26 04:30:23", "url": "/6037/4/preview.png" } ], "eprint_id": 6037, "pos": 4, "placement": 4, "mime_type": "image/png", "format": "image/png", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "preview.png", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/11290" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/11290" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/11290" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/126167", "doc_id": 126167, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/371601", "fileid": 371601, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 126167, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "c8f7cfabb66056c2fee45eb384664af8", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 26312, "mtime": "2021-06-24 00:36:01", "url": "/6037/5/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 6037, "pos": 5, "placement": 5, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/11290" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/11290" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/11290" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 87, "dir": "disk0/00/00/60/37", "datestamp": "2010-09-23 15:28:23", "lastmod": "2021-04-19 22:33:01", "status_changed": "2010-09-23 15:28:23", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gudmundsson-O", "name": { "family": "Gudmundsson", "given": "Olafur" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Some problems in global tomography: modeling the core-mantle boundary and statistical analysis of travel-time data", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geology", "abstract": " Core-mantle boundary (CMB) structure is mapped with travel-time data in the International Seismological Centre (ISC) catalog. Different subsets of ISC data yield inconsistent results for CMB topography. Correlations of anomalies in well covered areas indicate a common source of signal above the CMB. Allowing for heterogeneity above the CMB yields models of 4 km peak-to-peak CMB topography and 2.5% velocity variations in the D\" layer. The models contain a large degree-two, zonal component. This agrees with the results of a stacking procedure employed in search of an axisymmetric pattern in the ISC data. It is concluded that the axisymmetric pattern in antipodal PKIKP data must at least in part be explained by CMB structure.\r\n\r\n A method is developed to extract estimates of random data-errors and statistical measures of the earth's structure from global, travel-time data. Application of this method to teleseismic P-wave data yields an estimate of the signal-to-noise ratio in excess of unity. Heterogeneity is found to be strongly concentrated near the earth's surface. It extends over a wide range of scales in the upper mantle, but is restricted to relatively large scales in the lower mantle. The root-mean-square level of heterogeneity is found to be of the order of 0.1% in the lower mantle, but several times higher at its top and bottom.\r\n\r\n Synthetic (2D) tests of lower-mantle and CMB travel-time inversions indicate only partial success for the lower mantle and a 5 to 10 km uncertainty in CMB mapping. This is consistent with the inconsistencies in the ISC data, when mapped onto the CMB, and suggests that the above results pertaining to CMB structure may be obscure.", "date": "1990", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:09202010-080853201", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09202010-080853201", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_by": "Benjamin Perez", "deposited_on": "2010-09-23 15:28:23", "doi": "10.7907/qneg-nb47", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" } } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1989-08-08", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geol" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Gudmundsson, Olafur", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Unknown, Unknown" }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/8795", "eprint_id": 8795, "rev_number": 18, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/54743", "doc_id": 54743, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/157077", "fileid": 157077, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 54743, "filename": "Stead_rj_1990.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "hash": "baa55af1ca8a600037e557b8d4338294", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 59782077, "mtime": "2015-03-20 16:35:16", "url": "/8795/1/Stead_rj_1990.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 8795, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Stead_rj_1990.pdf", 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"0", "content": "final" }, { "id": "/id/document/129533", "doc_id": 129533, "rev_number": 1, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/374969", "fileid": 374969, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 129533, "filename": "indexcodes.txt", "mime_type": "text/plain", "hash": "62aab33bbdcddf8b05dc552cff3fead5", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 29998, "mtime": "2021-06-24 03:53:34", "url": "/8795/8/indexcodes.txt" } ], "eprint_id": 8795, "pos": 8, "placement": 8, "mime_type": "text/plain", "format": "other", "format_desc": "Generate index codes conversion from application/pdf to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/54743" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/54743" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/54743" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 87, "dir": "disk0/00/00/87/95", "datestamp": "2015-03-20 19:43:13", "lastmod": "2022-11-09 19:20:05", "status_changed": "2015-03-20 19:43:13", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stead-R-J", "name": { "family": "Stead", "given": "Richard J." }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Finite differences and a coupled analytic technique with applications to explosions and earthquakes", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geology ", "abstract": "An analytic technique is developed that couples to finite difference calculations\r\nto extend the results to arbitrary distance. Finite differences and the\r\nanalytic result, a boundary integral called two-dimensional Kirchhoff, are\r\napplied to simple models and three seismological problems dealing with data.\r\nThe simple models include a thorough investigation of the seismologic effects\r\nof a deep continental basin. The first problem is explosions at Yucca Flat, in\r\nthe Nevada test site. By modeling both near-field strong-motion records and\r\nteleseismic P-waves simultaneously, it is shown that scattered surface waves\r\nare responsible for teleseismic complexity. The second problem deals with\r\nexplosions at Amchitka Island, Alaska. The near-field seismograms are investigated\r\nusing a variety of complex structures and sources. The third problem\r\ninvolves regional seismograms of Imperial Valley, California earthquakes\r\nrecorded at Pasadena, California. The data are shown to contain evidence of\r\ndeterministic structure, but lack of more direct measurements of the structure\r\nand possible three-dimensional effects make two-dimensional modeling of\r\nthese data difficult.", "date": "1990", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:03192015-141813901", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03192015-141813901", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Advanced Research Projects Agency" }, { "agency": "U. S. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory", "grant_number": "F19628-87-K-0028" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_by": "Benjamin Perez", "deposited_on": "2015-03-20 19:43:13", "doi": "10.7907/gsvf-5426", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "co-advisor" }, { "id": "Harkrider-D-G", "name": { "family": "Harkrider", "given": "David G." }, "role": "co-advisor" }, { "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" } } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1989-07-27", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geol" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Stead, Richard J.", "advisor_list": "Helmberger, Donald V.; Clayton, Robert W.; et el.", "comittee_list": "Unknown, Unknown" }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/6048", "eprint_id": 6048, "rev_number": 27, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/11325", "doc_id": 11325, "rev_number": 6, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/74910", "fileid": 74910, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 11325, "filename": "Davies_jh_1990.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 19529320, "mtime": "2012-12-26 04:30:31", "url": "/6048/1/Davies_jh_1990.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 6048, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Original no OCR", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Davies_jh_1990.pdf", "media_duration": 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"/id/document/135908" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/135908" } ] } }, { "id": "/id/document/135910", "doc_id": 135910, "rev_number": 2, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/389142", "fileid": 389142, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 135910, "filename": "davie-jh_1990.zip", "mime_type": "application/zip", "hash": "221128f9a0cf339ba08e193b66da8a44", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 31996457, "mtime": "2022-01-28 20:07:24", "url": "/6048/6/davie-jh_1990.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 6048, "pos": 6, "placement": 6, "mime_type": "application/zip", "format": "application/zip", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "davie-jh_1990.zip", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0" } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 87, "dir": "disk0/00/00/60/48", "datestamp": "2010-09-24 22:42:31", "lastmod": "2022-01-28 20:41:40", "status_changed": "2010-09-24 22:42:31", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Davies-John-Huw", "name": { "family": "Davies", "given": "John Huw" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Some Problems in Mantle Structure and Dynamics. Part 1. Inversion for Depth Variation of Spectra of Mantle Compressional and Shear Velocity Heterogeneity. Part 2. Physical Model of Source Region of Subduction Zone Volcanism", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geology, Geophysics", "abstract": "Part 1. The scatter in ISC P- and S-wave travel-time residuals was inverted to give a measure of the data-set's incoherent noise and the depth variation of the spectra of the Earth's seismic heterogeneity. The P- and S-wave models are similar in pattern with most of their power shallower than 400km. The power generally decreases with depth and is lowest around 1500-2600km depth. Both models show a slight increase locally below the 670km discontinuity. The long-wavelength half-width (l<50) is around 500km through the upper mantle increasing to around 1200km in the lowermost mantle. The variance in the travel-time residuals requires that (\u03b41nV\u209b/ \u03b41n V\u209a) \u2248 2, if they are correlated. Our results suggest values as high as 5 from 60-1400km; these could be correct but our preferred explanation is that it's a result of poor depth resolution of the shallowest layer and a difference in the spectral resolution of the two studies.
\r\n\r\nPart 2. Thermal modeling of a generic subduction zone suggests that the oceanic crust does not melt extensively to be the source of subduction zone magmas. The slab dehydrates and the water is transported laterally into the wedge by a mechanism involving transport fixed in amphiboles and vertical porous flow when free. This water generates melting at the amphibole saturated solidus. Melting reaches a maximum at the hottest geotherm, which also caps the source region. Melts depart the source region in cracks whose direction of propagation is perpendicular to the least compressive stress. For a corner flow regime this leads to focusing of melt towards the wedge corner. The model correctly predicts the location of, the volcanic front. The melt and residue provide buoyancy that leads to local flow reversal and modulates the volcanism with a period of \u2248 1Ma. Estimates suggest more water is subducted than reappears in extrusive volcanics. We suggest the excess water is stored in melts trapped deeper in the section that later become the precursors of granitic and tonalitic plutons.
", "date": "1990", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:09242010-084738829", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09242010-084738829", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_by": "Benjamin Perez", "deposited_on": "2010-09-24 22:42:31", "doi": "10.7907/1pkp-t397", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "djs@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stevenson-D-J", "name": { "family": "Stevenson", "given": "David John" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9432-7159", "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "chair" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-3323-3508", "role": "member" }, { "email": "djs@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Stevenson-D-J", "name": { "family": "Stevenson", "given": "David John" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9432-7159", "role": "member" }, { "email": "wyllie@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Wyllie-P-J", "name": { "family": "Wyllie", "given": "Peter J." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Anderson-D-L", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Donald L." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1989-12-14", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1990", "author_list": "Davies, John Huw", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W. and Stevenson, David John", "comittee_list": "Helmberger, Donald V.; Clayton, Robert W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/7192", "eprint_id": 7192, "rev_number": 27, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/15226", "doc_id": 15226, "rev_number": 4, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/207996", "fileid": 207996, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 15226, "filename": "Stork_c_1988.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 68588, "mtime": "2016-08-22 21:24:14", "url": "/7192/2/Stork_c_1988.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 7192, "pos": 2, "format": "application/pdf", "format_desc": "Author OK 2012", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "Stork_c_1988.pdf", "media_duration": "0", 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"http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/15228" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 87, "dir": "disk0/00/00/71/92", "datestamp": "2012-08-27 21:05:09", "lastmod": "2020-02-11 23:05:40", "status_changed": "2012-08-27 21:05:08", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Stork-Christof", "name": { "family": "Stork", "given": "Christof" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Ray Trace Tomographic Velocity Analysis of Surface Seismic Reflection Data", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geophysics", "abstract": "Recent development of two technologies allows application of a generalized formulation of travel time inversion to very large data sets, such as the surface reflection surveys collected for oil exploration. This generalized formulation uses very small cell sizes, effectively eliminating discretization effects. Inversion of an effective continuum that has no built-in a priori constraints is what places this technique in the category of tomography.
\r\n\r\nIn reflection surveys, the generalized formulation investigated here treats the continuous velocity field independently from the reflector locations. The a priori assumption, common with travel time inversions in seismic exploration data, is thus not made: that the velocity field is defined as a series of layers with constant or smoothly varying velocity. This assumption restricts significant velocity variations to occur only at reflector locations. Velocity parameterized as layers is merely one of many geologic constraints that can be added optionally in tomographic inversion.
\r\n\r\nThe technologies that enable this generalized approach to travel time inversion are: 1) a computer program capable of tracing rays through a 2-dimensional grid of points and off reflectors with structure, and 2) iterative schemes that efficiently perform damped, constrained generalized matrix inversions over a user-specified wide eigenvalue range for very large model and data sizes. An argument is presented that a variation of Richardson's iteration is preferred to the Conjugate Gradient Iterative Method for performing the matrix inversion.
\r\n\r\nWith this generalized formulation, Ray Trace Tomography is a first approach to tomographic transmission analysis. Travel times and ray paths are a valid approximation to the wave equation for broad velocity variations. The method efficiently addresses the characteristics of more general but much more expensive transmission techniques. For example, Ray Trace Tomography demonstrates that an iterative application of a transmission velocity analysis technique, tomography, and a scattering reflector location technique, migration, do not necessarily converge to the optimal solution. To resolve the ambiguity between velocity-reflector depth, velocity and reflector locations must be coupled in one inversion technique. Ray Trace Tomography is able to couple the two. Using it to indicate the absolute resolution between velocity and reflector depth, we find that for certain geometries, reflector depths cannot be resolved where most recorded energy travels within 45\u00b0 of vertical.
\r\n\r\nPoor resolution of the velocity-reflector depth ambiguity and other problems are inherent to reflection surveys. These problems also exist for other transmission techniques and can be solved only through use of inversion constraints. Ray Trace Tomography can test constraints for possible use in other transmission techniques efficiently.
\r\n\r\nRay Trace Tomography has difficulty with non-linearities caused by some types of starting model errors, such as small-scale reflector structure. Improved performance with non-linearities is an objective we should seek in other transmission techniques.
\r\n\r\nNot only is Ray Trace Tomography a useful intellectual exercise as a preliminary analysis of transmission inversion, but in many cases it is a viable technique for addressing serious problems with surface seismic reflection data. It can determine an accurate two-dimensional velocity field for migration, such as in the case of gas pockets or fault blocks. In addition, it can resolve between certain velocity and reflector ambiguities such as those occuring in the permafrost region of Alaska.
\r\n\r\nAs a comparatively efficient technique, Ray Trace Tomography can serve as a tool for interactive interpretation. The geologist can use the ray tracing to compare various geologic models with the data and then use the inversion to fine-tune the models. The inversion enables the geologist to formulate his geologic knowledge as constraints in the inversion. By analyzing the inversion results, the interpreter will develop an understanding of the validity of the various models and the resolution amoung them.
", "date": "1988", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:08232012-133835865", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08232012-133835865", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "AMOCO Foundation" }, { "agency": "Caltech" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_by": "Benjamin Perez", "deposited_on": "2012-08-27 21:05:09", "doi": "10.7907/73RH-5N25", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" }, { "id": "Harkrider-D-G", "name": { "family": "Harkrider", "given": "David G." }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Harkrider-D-G", "name": { "family": "Harkrider", "given": "David G." }, "role": "chair" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Keller-H-B", "name": { "family": "Keller", "given": "Herbert Bishop" }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Tanimoto-T", "name": { "family": "Tanimoto", "given": "Toshiro" }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Anderson-D-L", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Donald L." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1988-03-03", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1988", "author_list": "Stork, Christof", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W. and Harkrider, David G.", "comittee_list": "Harkrider, David G.; Clayton, Robert W.; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/11476", "eprint_id": 11476, "rev_number": 17, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/98084", "doc_id": 98084, "rev_number": 3, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/281495", "fileid": 281495, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 98084, "filename": "Houston_HB_1987.zip", "mime_type": "application/x-zip", "hash": "54df1fc8d9b5c3d340ac216e6379d4a8", "hash_type": "MD5", "filesize": 135957490, "mtime": "2019-04-17 00:21:07", "url": "/11476/1/Houston_HB_1987.zip" } ], "eprint_id": 11476, "pos": 1, "placement": 1, "mime_type": "application/x-zip", "format": "application/zip", "format_desc": "TIFFs", 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"http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/98085" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/98085" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 8820, "dir": "disk0/00/01/14/76", "datestamp": "2019-04-17 15:37:12", "lastmod": "2021-04-16 22:59:18", "status_changed": "2019-04-17 15:37:12", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Houston-Heidi-Beth", "name": { "family": "Houston", "given": "Heidi Beth" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Source Characteristics of Large Earthquakes at Short Periods", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geophysics", "abstract": "In Chapter 1, we analyzed short-period body waves recorded at teleseismic distances from great earthquakes. They provide information about source rupture processes and strong motions. First, we examined records of 19 earthquakes of moment magnitude MW of 6.5 to 9.5. Four parameters were measured from the short-period P-wave train: the maximum amplitude, the period at maximum amplitude, the time between the first arrival and when the maximum amplitude is attained, and coda length. An extension, m̂b, of the teleseismic body-wave magnitude, mb, was defined using the maximum amplitude of the entire short-period P wave rather than the amplitude achieved in the first few P-wave cycles. m̂b increases as MW increases. The time from the first arrival until the maximum amplitude is achieved and the coda length are roughly proportional to MW, but were further interpreted by a simple asperity model of the rupture process. These data support that 1 to 2 sec waves are on average generated preferentially in the same regions of the fault plane as 10 to 50 sec waves.
\r\n\r\nAn application to strong motion modeling is presented in which a 1971 San Fernando teleseismic short-period record is summed up to simulate teleseismic records produced by five great earthquakes. The summation procedure matches the moment of the event to be simulated, and includes rupture propagation, fault plane roughness, and randomness. The m̂b data provide an important constraint on the summation procedure. Thus constrained, this summation procedure can be more confidently used with near-field strong motion records as Green's functions to predict strong motions from great earthquakes.
\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 2, we analyzed the spectra of short- and intermediate-period teleseismic GDSN (digital) records for seven large earthquakes and hand-digitized short-period analog records of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. To obtain the source or moment-rate spectrum at periods between 1 and 30 sec, we Fourier-transformed the P waves, corrected for instrument response, attenuation, geometrical spreading, and radiation pattern (including the depth phases), and then averaged the records for each event. Significant differences exist between the spectra of different events, presumably due to variations in tectonic setting or seismic coupling. Using the digital data, we also investigated the relationship between time-domain amplitude and spectral amplitude for short-period P waves. From our empirical relation between spectral amplitude and time-domain amplitude, we estimated the spectral amplitudes implied by the m̂b data. We compared our results to the \u03c9-2 and Gusev source spectral models. Neither model can completely represent the data. Nevertheless, we consider the \u03c9-2 model a useful reference model for comparing different events. The average source spectrum of six large events with MW's of 7.4 to 7.8 does not have the spectral structure suggested by Gusev.
\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 3, source characteristics of the Sept. 19, 1985 Michoacan, Mexico earthquake and its aftershock on Sept. 21 are inferred from broadband and short-period teleseismic GDSN records. We obtained the teleseismic source spectrum from 1 to 30 sec. The Michoacan source spectrum is enriched at 30 sec and depleted at 1 to 10 sec relative to an average source spectrum of large interplate subduction events. Source spectra for the Sept. 21 aftershock, 1981 Playa Azul, 1979 Petatlan, and 1978 Oaxaca events follow a trend similar to that of the 1985 Michoacan event. This spectral trend may characterize the Mexican subduction zone.
\r\n\r\nA station-by-station least-squares inversion of the Michoacan earthquake records for the source time function yields three source pulses, which we interpreted as events on the fault plane. The first two are similar in moment, and the third contains only 20% of the moment of the first. Directivity is evident in the timing. At each station, we measured the time differences between the pulses, and performed a least-squares nonlinear estimation of the strike, distance, and time separation between the events to locate them relative to one another. The second event occurred 26 sec after the first, and 82 km southeast of it, indicating southeastward rupture along the trench. The two large events are also seen in the near-field strong motions.
\r\n\r\nThe mainshock records, spectrum, and time functions contain less high frequency radiation than those of the 1985 Valparaiso, Chile earthquake. Apparently, the Michoacan earthquake ruptured two relatively smooth, strong patches which generated large 30 sec waves, but small 1 to 10 sec waves. Such behavior contrasts with the Valparaiso event which had a more complex rupture process and generated more 1 to 5 sec energy. This difference is consistent with the higher near-field accelerations recorded for the Valparaiso event.
\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 4, time functions and rupture processes of 4 recent large subduction zone earthquakes were determined from broadband teleseismic GDSN records using the iterative inversion technique of Kikuchi and Fukao. The method inverts the records simultaneously by determining the location, time, and seismic moment of a single point source that best explains the records, then subtracting the synthetics for that point source from the records, and repeating the procedure for the residual records. Using this technique with the high-quality GDSN intermediate-band records provides more details of the rupture process than have been obtained previously.
\r\n \r\nUsing the inversion, we produced maps of the spatial and temporal distribution of seismic moment release at periods of 3 to 30 sec for the 1985 Michoacan, Mexico, 1983 Akita-Oki, Japan, 1985 Valparaiso, Chile, and 1986 Andreanof Islands, Alaska earthquakes. These are four of the largest earthquakes that occurred from 1983 to 1986. Comparing the source spectra of these events yields complementary information at periods of 1 to 30 sec. These four earthquakes have distinct rupture styles.
\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 5, we compared strong motion spectra of the 1985 Michoacan, Mexico and the 1983 Akita-Oki, Japan earthquakes with their teleseismic spectra. The spectral levels of the Michoacan strong motions, which were recorded by a high-quality digital array, agree to within a factor of 2 with those predicted by the Michoacan teleseismic records. The Michoacan teleseismic spectrum is lower than that of Akita-Oki. This relationship also holds for their strong motion spectra. This consistency means that teleseismic records, which are relatively more abundant, can be used to predict properties of strong motions from large earthquakes.
", "date": "1987", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:04162019-172034832", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04162019-172034832", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Exxon Production Research" }, { "agency": "USGS" } ] }, "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_by": "Mel Ray", "deposited_on": "2019-04-17 15:37:12", "doi": "10.7907/mqta-6t98", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "chair" }, { "email": "hiroo@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "heaton@caltech.edu", "id": "Heaton-T-H", "name": { "family": "Heaton", "given": "Thomas H." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1986-12-18", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Houston, Heidi Beth", "advisor_list": "Clayton, Robert W.", "comittee_list": "Clayton, Robert W.; Kanamori, Hiroo; et el." }, { "id": "https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/6712", "eprint_id": 6712, "rev_number": 24, "documents": [ { "id": "/id/document/13706", "doc_id": 13706, "rev_number": 4, "files": [ { "id": "/id/file/88981", "fileid": 88981, "datasetid": "document", "objectid": 13706, "filename": "Vidale_je_1987.pdf", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "filesize": 24558213, "mtime": "2012-12-26 04:39:01", "url": "/6712/1/Vidale_je_1987.pdf" } ], "eprint_id": 6712, "pos": 1, "mime_type": "application/pdf", "format": "application/pdf", "language": "en", "security": "public", "license": "other", "main": "Vidale_je_1987.pdf", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", 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index codes conversion from text/plain to indexcodes", "language": "en", "security": "internal", "license": "other", "main": "indexcodes.txt", "media_duration": "0", "media_aspect_ratio": "0", "media_sample_start": "0", "media_sample_stop": "0", "relation": { "items": [ { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/13710" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/13710" }, { "type": "http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf", "uri": "/id/document/13710" } ] } } ], "eprint_status": "archive", "userid": 87, "dir": "disk0/00/00/67/12", "datestamp": "2011-10-13 16:40:39", "lastmod": "2019-12-21 02:07:40", "status_changed": "2011-10-13 16:40:39", "type": "thesis", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "email": "seismoguy@mac.com", "id": "Vidale-John-Emilio", "name": { "family": "Vidale", "given": "John Emilio" }, "show_email": "NO" } ] }, "title": "Application of Two-Dimensional Finite-Difference Wave Simulation to Earthquakes, Earth Structure, and Seismic Hazard", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Geophysics", "abstract": "Although the earth is 3-dimensional (3-D), numerical simulations of wave propagation through laterally heterogeneous media are easier to formulate and more practical to use in 2-D. In this thesis, schemes to model seismic wave propagation through laterally varying structures with 2-D numerical algorithms are developed and applied to earthquake and explosion problems.
\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 1, 2-D source expressions that have the same radiation patterns as their 3-D counterparts are derived which can rectify the following three problems: the use of 2-D simulations generally results in \"line source tails\" on what would be impulsive arrivals in 3-D, 1/\u221aR rather than 1/R amplitude decay for body waves, and no decay rather than 1/\u221aR amplitude decay for surface waves. Because this technique approximately transforms waves from a cartesian 2-D grid to a cylindrically symmetric 3-D world, slightly anisotropic geometrical spreading in 2-D better approximates isotropic spreading in 3-D than simple isotropic spreading in 2-D does. In Section 1.7, a correction to the explosive source expression reduces energy traveling vertically out of the source region, but leaves unchanged the energy traveling laterally out of the source region. In some cases, this correction will significantly improve the results of using a 2-D grid to simulate elastic wave propagation from an explosive point source.
\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 2, synthetic seismograms are constructed for the strong motions of the 1968 Borrego Mountain earthquake recorded at EI Centro. A good fit to the data results from using the laterally varying model determined by a detailed refraction survey and the source parameters determined by teleseismic waveform modeling. Shallow faulting is no longer necessary to explain the long-period surface-wave development.
\r\n\r\nSynthetic seismograms calculated for the 1971 San Fernando earthquake show strong effects due to lateral variation in sediment thickness in the San Fernando valley and the Los Angeles basin. Using previously determined basin structure and teleseismically determined source parameters, two-dimensional SH and P-SV finite difference calculations can reproduce the amplitude and duration of the strong motion velocities recorded across the basins in Los Angeles in the period range from 1 to 10 seconds. The edges of basins nearest the seismic source show ground motion amplification up to a factor of three, and tend to convert direct shear waves into Love and Rayleigh waves that travel within the basins. The computed motions are sensitive to the mechanism and location of earthquakes. A strike-slip earthquake on the Newport-Inglewood fault zone, for example, would produce different patterns of peak velocity and duration of shaking across the San Fernando and Los Angeles basins.
\r\n\r\nIn Chapter 3, the effect of shallow station structure and lateral velocity variation are investigated for records of the Amchitka explosion Milrow. The differences between the Meuller-Murphy, Heimberger-Hadley, and von Seggern-Blandford reduced displacement potential (RDP) source representations are small compared to the differences between using various possible velocity structures.
\r\n\r\nCreager and Jordan (1986) propose that penetration of subducting slabs under the Kurile Islands and other subduction zones to depths of at least 1000 km is necessary to explain the t ravel time anomalies of deep earthquakes. Such penetration would also affect the amplitudes and waveforms of the body waves from these earthquakes. In Chapter 4, synthetic seismograms appropriate for a record section in a plane perpendicular to the strike of the slab are presented using a coupled finite-difference and Kirchhoff method. An inferred shear-wave version of the compressional-wave velocity structure of Creager and Jordan (1986) produces an amplitude decrease up to a factor of four and waveform broadening up to 20 seconds for SH arrivals with a take-off angle pointing straight down t he slab. Slabs that extend only 300 km below the earthquake but are half as thick and twice as anomalously fast as Creager and Jordan 's (1986) velocity model will roughly preserve the travel time variation pattern, and show less waveform broadening, but produce first arrivals that are emergent. Slabs that become thicker with depth show less waveform broadening. Reconciliation of the amplitude, waveform distort ion, and timing of body waves from deep events is necessary to understand the geometry of slabs near and below the 6.50 km discontinuity.
", "date": "1987", "date_type": "degree", "id_number": "CaltechTHESIS:10132011-090721112", "refereed": "FALSE", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10132011-090721112", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "collection": "CaltechTHESIS", "reviewer": "Tony Diaz", "deposited_by": "Benjamin Perez", "deposited_on": "2011-10-13 16:40:39", "doi": "10.7907/7TQ9-X746", "divisions": { "items": [ "div_gps" ] }, "institution": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_advisor": { "items": [ { "id": "Hager-B", "name": { "family": "Hager", "given": "Bradford" }, "role": "advisor" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "co-advisor" }, { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." }, "role": "co-advisor" } ] }, "thesis_committee": { "items": [ { "id": "Ahrens-T-J", "name": { "family": "Ahrens", "given": "Thomas J." }, "role": "chair" }, { "email": "helm@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Helmberger-D-V", "name": { "family": "Helmberger", "given": "Donald V." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "hiroo@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Kanamori-H", "name": { "family": "Kanamori", "given": "Hiroo" }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "clay@gps.caltech.edu", "id": "Clayton-R-W", "name": { "family": "Clayton", "given": "Robert W." }, "role": "member" }, { "email": "pcjenn@caltech.edu", "id": "Jennings-P-C", "name": { "family": "Jennings", "given": "Paul C." }, "role": "member" }, { "id": "Hager-B-H", "name": { "family": "Hager", "given": "Bradford H." }, "role": "member" } ] }, "thesis_degree": "PHD", "thesis_degree_grantor": "California Institute of Technology", "thesis_defense_date": "1986-11-14", "review_status": "approved", "option_major": { "items": [ "geophys" ] }, "copyright_statement": "Author's Rights Authorization: I hereby certify that, if appropriate, I have obtained a written permission statement from the owner(s) of each third party copyrighted matter to be included in my thesis, dissertation, or project report, allowing distribution as specified below. I certify that the version I submitted here is the same as that approved by my advisory committee.\n\nI hereby grant to California Institute of Technology or its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible, under the conditions specified under \"Thesis Availability\" in this submission, my thesis, dissertation, or project report in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of the thesis, dissertation, or project report. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this thesis, dissertation, or project report.", "resource_type": "thesis", "pub_year": "1987", "author_list": "Vidale, John Emilio", "advisor_list": "Hager, Bradford; Clayton, Robert W.; et el.", "comittee_list": "Ahrens, Thomas J.; Helmberger, Donald V.; et el." } ]