[ { "id": "authors:3baq3-0j195", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3baq3-0j195", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140818-133030712", "type": "article", "title": "The Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) experiment: Deployment on the ATLAS Space Shuttle missions", "author": [ { "family_name": "Gunson", "given_name": "M. R.", "clpid": "Gunson-M-R" }, { "family_name": "Abbas", "given_name": "M. M.", "clpid": "Abbas-M-M" }, { "family_name": "Abrams", "given_name": "M. C.", "clpid": "Abrams-M-C" }, { "family_name": "Allen", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Allen-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Brown", "given_name": "L. R.", "clpid": "Brown-L-R" }, { "family_name": "Brown", "given_name": "T. L.", "clpid": "Brown-T-L" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "A. Y.", "clpid": "Chang-A-Y" }, { "family_name": "Goldman", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Goldman-A" }, { "family_name": "Irion", "given_name": "F. W.", "clpid": "Irion-F-W" }, { "family_name": "Lowes", "given_name": "L. L.", "clpid": "Lowes-L-L" }, { "family_name": "Mahieu", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Mahieu-E" }, { "family_name": "Manney", "given_name": "G. L.", "clpid": "Manney-G-L" }, { "family_name": "Michelsen", "given_name": "H. A.", "clpid": "Michelsen-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Newchurch", "given_name": "M. J.", "clpid": "Newchurch-M-J" }, { "family_name": "Rinsland", "given_name": "C. P.", "clpid": "Rinsland-C-P" }, { "family_name": "Salawitch", "given_name": "R. J.", "clpid": "Salawitch-R-J" }, { "family_name": "Stiller", "given_name": "G. P.", "clpid": "Stiller-G-P" }, { "family_name": "Toon", "given_name": "G. C.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4174-7541", "clpid": "Toon-G-C" }, { "family_name": "Yung", "given_name": "Y. L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4263-2562", "clpid": "Yung-Y-L" }, { "family_name": "Zander", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Zander-R" } ], "abstract": "The ATMOS Fourier transform spectrometer was flown for a fourth time on the Space Shuttle as part of the ATLAS-3 instrument payload in November 1994. More than 190 sunrise and sunset occultation events provided measurements of more than 30 atmospheric trace gases at latitudes 3\u201349\u00b0N and 65\u201372\u00b0S, including observations both inside and outside the Antarctic polar vortex. The instrument configuration, data retrieval methodology, and mission background are described to place in context analyses of ATMOS data presented in this issue.", "doi": "10.1029/96GL01569", "issn": "0094-8276", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "publication": "Geophysical Research Letters", "publication_date": "1996-08-15", "series_number": "17", "volume": "23", "issue": "17", "pages": "2333-2336" }, { "id": "authors:8vjmb-w6d58", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "8vjmb-w6d58", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140819-102612806", "type": "article", "title": "Stratospheric observations of CH_3D and HDO from ATMOS infrared solar spectra: Enrichments of deuterium in methane and implications for HD", "author": [ { "family_name": "Irion", "given_name": "F. W.", "clpid": "Irion-F-W" }, { "family_name": "Moyer", "given_name": "E. J.", "clpid": "Moyer-E-J" }, { "family_name": "Gunson", "given_name": "M. R.", "clpid": "Gunson-M-R" }, { "family_name": "Rinsland", "given_name": "C. P.", "clpid": "Rinsland-C-P" }, { "family_name": "Yung", "given_name": "Y. L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4263-2562", "clpid": "Yung-Y-L" }, { "family_name": "Michelsen", "given_name": "H. A.", "clpid": "Michelsen-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Salawitch", "given_name": "R. J.", "clpid": "Salawitch-R-J" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "A. Y.", "clpid": "Chang-A-Y" }, { "family_name": "Newchurch", "given_name": "M. J.", "clpid": "Newchurch-M-J" }, { "family_name": "Abbas", "given_name": "M. M.", "clpid": "Abbas-M-M" }, { "family_name": "Abrams", "given_name": "M. C.", "clpid": "Abrams-M-C" }, { "family_name": "Zander", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Zander-R" } ], "abstract": "Stratospheric mixing ratios of CH_3D from 100 mb to 17 mb (\u2248 15 to 28 km) and HDO from 100 mb to 10 mb (\u2248 15 to 32 km) have been inferred from high resolution solar occultation infrared spectra from the Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier-transform interferometer. The spectra, taken on board the Space Shuttle during the Spacelab 3 and ATLAS-1, -2, and -3 missions, extend in latitude from 70\u00b0S to 65\u00b0N. We find CH_3D entering the stratosphere at an average mixing ratio of (9.9\u00b10.8) \u00d7 10^(\u221210) with a D/H ratio in methane (7.1\u00b17.4)% less than that in Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW) (1\u03c3 combined precision and systematic error). In the mid to lower stratosphere, the average lifetime of CH_3D is found to be (1.19\u00b10.02) times that of CH_4, resulting in an increasing D/H ratio in methane as air \"ages\" and the methane mixing ratio decreases. We find an average of (1.0\u00b10.1) molecules of stratospheric HDO are produced for each CH_3D destroyed (1\u03c3 combined precision and systematic error), indicating that the rate of HDO production is approximately equal to the rate of CH_3D destruction. Assuming negligible amounts of deuterium in species other than HDO, CH_3D and HD, this limits the possible change in the stratospheric HD mixing ratio below about 10 mb to be \u00b10.1 molecules HD created per molecule CH_3D destroyed.", "doi": "10.1029/96GL01402", "issn": "0094-8276", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "publication": "Geophysical Research Letters", "publication_date": "1996-08-15", "series_number": "17", "volume": "23", "issue": "17", "pages": "2381-2384" }, { "id": "authors:ezxg7-3d289", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ezxg7-3d289", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141029-140041124", "type": "article", "title": "Stratospheric NO and NO_2 abundances from ATMOS Solar-Occultation Measurements", "author": [ { "family_name": "Newchurch", "given_name": "M. J.", "clpid": "Newchurch-M-J" }, { "family_name": "Allen", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Allen-M-A" }, { "family_name": "Gunson", "given_name": "M. R.", "clpid": "Gunson-M-R" }, { "family_name": "Salawitch", "given_name": "R. J.", "clpid": "Salawitch-R-J" }, { "family_name": "Collins", "given_name": "G. B.", "clpid": "Collins-G-B" }, { "family_name": "Huston", "given_name": "K. H.", "clpid": "Huston-K-H" }, { "family_name": "Abbas", "given_name": "M. M.", "clpid": "Abbas-M-M" }, { "family_name": "Abrams", "given_name": "M. C.", "clpid": "Abrams-M-C" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "A. Y.", "clpid": "Chang-A-Y" }, { "family_name": "Fahey", "given_name": "D. W.", "clpid": "Fahey-D-W" }, { "family_name": "Gao", "given_name": "R. S.", "clpid": "Gao-R-S" }, { "family_name": "Irion", "given_name": "F. W.", "clpid": "Irion-F-W" }, { "family_name": "Loewenstein", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Loewenstein-M" }, { "family_name": "Manney", "given_name": "G. L.", "clpid": "Manney-G-L" }, { "family_name": "Michelsen", "given_name": "H. A.", "clpid": "Michelsen-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Podolske", "given_name": "J. R.", "clpid": "Podolske-J-R" }, { "family_name": "Rinsland", "given_name": "C. P.", "clpid": "Rinsland-C-P" }, { "family_name": "Zander", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Zander-R" } ], "abstract": "Using results from a time-dependent photochemical model to calculate the diurnal variation of NO and NO_2, we have corrected Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) solar-occultation retrievals of the NO and NO_2 abundances at 90\u00b0 solar zenith angle. Neglecting to adjust for the rapid variation of these gases across the terminator results in potential errors in retrieved profiles of \u223c20% for NO_2 and greater than 100% for NO at altitudes below 25 km. Sensitivity analysis indicates that knowledge of the local O_3 and temperature profiles, rather than zonal mean or climatological conditions of these quantities, is required to obtain reliable retrievals of NO and NO_2 in the lower stratosphere. Extremely inaccurate O_3 or temperature values at 20 km can result in 50% errors in retrieved NO or NO_2. Mixing ratios of NO in the mid-latitude, lower stratosphere measured by ATMOS during the November 1994 ATLAS-3 mission compare favorably with in situ ER-2 observations, providing strong corroboration of the reliability of the adjusted space-borne measurements.", "doi": "10.1029/96GL01196", "issn": "0094-8276", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "publication": "Geophysical Research Letters", "publication_date": "1996-08-15", "series_number": "17", "volume": "23", "issue": "17", "pages": "2373-2376" }, { "id": "authors:wy3ey-dnq97", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "wy3ey-dnq97", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140818-132914828", "type": "article", "title": "Heavy ozone enrichments from ATMOS infrared solar spectra", "author": [ { "family_name": "Irion", "given_name": "F. W.", "clpid": "Irion-F-W" }, { "family_name": "Gunson", "given_name": "M. R.", "clpid": "Gunson-M-R" }, { "family_name": "Rinsland", "given_name": "C. P.", "clpid": "Rinsland-C-P" }, { "family_name": "Yung", "given_name": "Y. L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4263-2562", "clpid": "Yung-Y-L" }, { "family_name": "Abrams", "given_name": "M. C.", "clpid": "Abrams-M-C" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "A. Y.", "clpid": "Chang-A-Y" }, { "family_name": "Goldman", "given_name": "A.", "clpid": "Goldman-A" } ], "abstract": "Vertical enrichment profiles of stratospheric ^(16)O^(16)O^(18)O and ^(16)O^(18)O^(16)O (hereafter referred to as ^(668)O_3 and ^(686)O_3 respectively) have been derived from space-based solar occultation spectra recorded at 0.01 cm^(\u22121) resolution by the ATMOS (Atmospheric Trace MOlecule Spectroscopy) Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The observations, made during the Spacelab 3 and ATLAS-1, -2, and -3 shuttle missions, cover polar, mid-latitude and tropical regions between 26 to 2.6 mb inclusive (\u2248 25 to 41 km). Average enrichments, weighted by molecular ^(48)O_3 density, of (15\u00b16)% were found for ^(668)O_3 and (10\u00b17)% for ^(686)O_3. Defining the mixing ratio of ^(50)O_3 as the sum of those for ^(668)O_3 and ^(686)O_3, an enrichment of (13\u00b15)% was found for ^(50)O_3 (1\u03c3 standard deviation). No latitudinal or vertical gradients were found outside this standard deviation. From a series of ground-based measurements by the ATMOS instrument at Table Mountain, California (34.4\u00b0N), an average total column ^(668)O_3 enrichment of (17\u00b14)% (1\u03c3 standard deviation) was determined, with no significant seasonal variation discernable. Possible biases in the spectral intensities that affect the determination of absolute enrichments are discussed.", "doi": "10.1029/96GL01695", "issn": "0094-8276", "publisher": "American Geophysical Union", "publication": "Geophysical Research Letters", "publication_date": "1996-08-15", "series_number": "17", "volume": "23", "issue": "17", "pages": "2377-2380" } ]