[
{
"id": "authors:5xx2a-2r389",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "5xx2a-2r389",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/5xx2a-2r389",
"type": "article",
"title": "Ring Asymmetry and Spin in M87*",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "Bernshteyn",
"given_name": "Vadim",
"orcid": "0009-0000-1376-2352"
},
{
"family_name": "Conroy",
"given_name": "Nicholas S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2886-2377"
},
{
"family_name": "Baub\u00f6ck",
"given_name": "Michi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5518-2812"
},
{
"family_name": "Tiede",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3826-5648"
},
{
"family_name": "Joshi",
"given_name": "Abhishek V.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2514-5965"
},
{
"family_name": "Prather",
"given_name": "Ben S.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0393-7734"
},
{
"family_name": "Gammie",
"given_name": "Charles F.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7451-8935"
},
{
"family_name": "Akiyama",
"given_name": "Kazunori",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9475-4254"
},
{
"family_name": "Albentosa-Ru\u00edz",
"given_name": "Ezequiel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7816-6401"
},
{
"family_name": "Alberdi",
"given_name": "Antxon",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9371-1033"
},
{
"family_name": "Alef",
"given_name": "Walter"
},
{
"family_name": "Algaba",
"given_name": "Juan Carlos",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6993-1696"
},
{
"family_name": "Anantua",
"given_name": "Richard",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3457-7660"
},
{
"family_name": "Asada",
"given_name": "Keiichi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6988-8763"
},
{
"family_name": "Azulay",
"given_name": "Rebecca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2200-5393"
},
{
"family_name": "Baczko",
"given_name": "Anne-Kathrin",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3090-3975"
},
{
"family_name": "Ball",
"given_name": "David"
},
{
"family_name": "Bandyopadhyay",
"given_name": "Bidisha",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2138-8564"
},
{
"family_name": "Barrett",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9290-0764"
},
{
"family_name": "Benson",
"given_name": "Bradford A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5108-6823"
},
{
"family_name": "Bintley",
"given_name": "Dan"
},
{
"family_name": "Blackburn",
"given_name": "Lindy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9030-642X"
},
{
"family_name": "Blundell",
"given_name": "Raymond",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5929-5857"
},
{
"family_name": "Bouman",
"given_name": "Katherine L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0077-4367",
"clpid": "Bouman-K-L"
},
{
"family_name": "Bower",
"given_name": "Geoffrey C.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4056-9982"
},
{
"family_name": "Bremer",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7511-3745"
},
{
"family_name": "Brissenden",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2556-0894"
},
{
"family_name": "Britzen",
"given_name": "Silke",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9240-6734"
},
{
"family_name": "Broderick",
"given_name": "Avery E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3351-760X"
},
{
"family_name": "Broguiere",
"given_name": "Dominique",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9151-6683"
},
{
"family_name": "Bronzwaer",
"given_name": "Thomas",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1151-3971"
},
{
"family_name": "Bustamante",
"given_name": "Sandra",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6169-1894"
},
{
"family_name": "Carlos",
"given_name": "Douglas F.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1340-7702"
},
{
"family_name": "Carlstrom",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2044-7665"
},
{
"family_name": "Chael",
"given_name": "Andrew",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2966-6220"
},
{
"family_name": "Chan",
"given_name": "Chi-kwan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6337-6126"
},
{
"family_name": "Chang",
"given_name": "Dominic O.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9939-5257"
},
{
"family_name": "Chatterjee",
"given_name": "Koushik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2825-3590"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen",
"given_name": "Ming-Tang",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6573-3318"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen \u9648",
"given_name": "Yongjun \u6c38\u519b",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5650-6770"
},
{
"family_name": "Cheng",
"given_name": "Xiaopeng",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4407-9868"
},
{
"family_name": "Chichura",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5397-9035"
},
{
"family_name": "Cho",
"given_name": "Ilje",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6083-7521"
},
{
"family_name": "Conway",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2448-9181"
},
{
"family_name": "Crawford",
"given_name": "Thomas M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9000-5013"
},
{
"family_name": "Crew",
"given_name": "Geoffrey B.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2079-3189"
},
{
"family_name": "Cruz-Osorio",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3945-6342"
},
{
"family_name": "Cui \u5d14",
"given_name": "Yuzhu \u7389\u7af9",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6311-4345"
},
{
"family_name": "Curd",
"given_name": "Brandon",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8650-0879"
},
{
"family_name": "Dahale",
"given_name": "Rohan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6982-9034"
},
{
"family_name": "Davelaar",
"given_name": "Jordy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2685-2434"
},
{
"family_name": "De Laurentis",
"given_name": "Mariafelicia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9945-682X"
},
{
"family_name": "Deane",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1027-5043"
},
{
"family_name": "Dexter",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3903-0373"
},
{
"family_name": "Dhruv",
"given_name": "Vedant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6765-877X"
},
{
"family_name": "Dihingia",
"given_name": "Indu K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4064-0446"
},
{
"family_name": "Doeleman",
"given_name": "Sheperd S.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9031-0904"
},
{
"family_name": "Dzib",
"given_name": "Sergio A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6010-6200"
},
{
"family_name": "Emami",
"given_name": "Razieh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2791-5011"
},
{
"family_name": "Falcke",
"given_name": "Heino",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2526-6724"
},
{
"family_name": "Farah",
"given_name": "Joseph",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4914-5625"
},
{
"family_name": "Fish",
"given_name": "Vincent L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7128-9345"
},
{
"family_name": "Fomalont",
"given_name": "Edward",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9036-2747"
},
{
"family_name": "Ford",
"given_name": "H. Alyson",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9797-0972"
},
{
"family_name": "Foschi",
"given_name": "Marianna",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8147-4993"
},
{
"family_name": "Fraga-Encinas",
"given_name": "Raquel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5222-1361"
},
{
"family_name": "Freeman",
"given_name": "William T."
},
{
"family_name": "Friberg",
"given_name": "Per",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8010-8454"
},
{
"family_name": "Fromm",
"given_name": "Christian M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1827-1656"
},
{
"family_name": "Fuentes",
"given_name": "Antonio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8773-4933"
},
{
"family_name": "Galison",
"given_name": "Peter",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6429-3872"
},
{
"family_name": "Garc\u00eda",
"given_name": "Roberto",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6584-7443"
},
{
"family_name": "Gentaz",
"given_name": "Olivier",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0115-4605"
},
{
"family_name": "Georgiev",
"given_name": "Boris",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3586-6424"
},
{
"family_name": "Goddi",
"given_name": "Ciriaco",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2542-7743"
},
{
"family_name": "Gold",
"given_name": "Roman",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2492-1966"
},
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez-Ruiz",
"given_name": "Arturo I.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9395-1670"
},
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez",
"given_name": "Jos\u00e9 L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4190-7613"
},
{
"family_name": "Gu \u987e",
"given_name": "Minfeng \u654f\u5cf0",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4455-6946"
},
{
"family_name": "Gurwell",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0685-3621"
},
{
"family_name": "Hada",
"given_name": "Kazuhiro",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6906-772X"
},
{
"family_name": "Haggard",
"given_name": "Daryl",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6803-2138"
},
{
"family_name": "Hesper",
"given_name": "Ronald",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1918-6098"
},
{
"family_name": "Heumann",
"given_name": "Dirk",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7671-0047"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho \u4f55",
"given_name": "Luis C. \u5b50\u5c71",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6947-5846"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3412-4306"
},
{
"family_name": "Honma",
"given_name": "Mareki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4058-9000"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang",
"given_name": "Chih-Wei L.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5641-3953"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang \u9ec4",
"given_name": "Lei \u78ca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1923-227X"
},
{
"family_name": "Hughes",
"given_name": "David H."
},
{
"family_name": "Ikeda",
"given_name": "Shiro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2462-1448"
},
{
"family_name": "Impellizzeri",
"given_name": "C. M. Violette",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3443-2472"
},
{
"family_name": "Inoue",
"given_name": "Makoto",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5037-3989"
},
{
"family_name": "Issaoun",
"given_name": "Sara",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5297-921X"
},
{
"family_name": "James",
"given_name": "David J.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5160-4486"
},
{
"family_name": "Jannuzi",
"given_name": "Buell T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1578-6582"
},
{
"family_name": "Janssen",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8685-6544"
},
{
"family_name": "Jeter",
"given_name": "Britton",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2847-1712"
},
{
"family_name": "Jiang \u6c5f",
"given_name": "Wu \u609f",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7369-3539"
},
{
"family_name": "Jim\u00e9nez-Rosales",
"given_name": "Alejandra",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2662-3754"
},
{
"family_name": "Johnson",
"given_name": "Michael D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4120-3029"
},
{
"family_name": "Jorstad",
"given_name": "Svetlana",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6158-1708"
},
{
"family_name": "Jones",
"given_name": "Adam C."
},
{
"family_name": "Jung",
"given_name": "Taehyun",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7003-8643"
},
{
"family_name": "Kawashima",
"given_name": "Tomohisa",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8527-0496"
},
{
"family_name": "Keating",
"given_name": "Garrett K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3490-146X"
},
{
"family_name": "Kettenis",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6156-5617"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Dong-Jin",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7038-2118"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jae-Young",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8229-7183"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jongsoo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1229-0426"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Junhan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4274-9373"
},
{
"family_name": "Kino",
"given_name": "Motoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2709-7338"
},
{
"family_name": "Koay",
"given_name": "Jun Yi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7029-6658"
},
{
"family_name": "Kocherlakota",
"given_name": "Prashant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7386-7439"
},
{
"family_name": "Kofuji",
"given_name": "Yutaro"
},
{
"family_name": "Koch",
"given_name": "Patrick M.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2777-5861"
},
{
"family_name": "Koyama",
"given_name": "Shoko",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3723-3372"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Carsten",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4908-4925"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Joana A.",
"orcid": "0009-0003-3011-0454"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4175-2271"
},
{
"family_name": "Krichbaum",
"given_name": "Thomas P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4892-9586"
},
{
"family_name": "Kuo",
"given_name": "Cheng-Yu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6211-5581"
},
{
"family_name": "La Bella",
"given_name": "Noemi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8116-9427"
},
{
"family_name": "Lee",
"given_name": "Deokhyeong",
"orcid": "0009-0003-2122-9437"
},
{
"family_name": "Lee",
"given_name": "Sang-Sung",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6269-594X"
},
{
"family_name": "Levis",
"given_name": "Aviad",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7307-632X",
"clpid": "Levis-Aviad"
},
{
"family_name": "Li",
"given_name": "Shaoliang",
"orcid": "0009-0005-0338-9490"
},
{
"family_name": "Li \u674e",
"given_name": "Zhiyuan \u5fd7\u8fdc",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0355-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Lico",
"given_name": "Rocco",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7361-2460"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindahl",
"given_name": "Greg",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6100-4772"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindqvist",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3669-0715"
},
{
"family_name": "Lisakov",
"given_name": "Mikhail",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6088-3819"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu \u5218",
"given_name": "Jun \u4fca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7615-7499"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu",
"given_name": "Kuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2953-7376"
},
{
"family_name": "Liuzzo",
"given_name": "Elisabetta",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0995-5201"
},
{
"family_name": "Lo",
"given_name": "Wen-Ping",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1869-2503"
},
{
"family_name": "Lobanov",
"given_name": "Andrei P.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1622-1484"
},
{
"family_name": "Loinard",
"given_name": "Laurent",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5635-3345"
},
{
"family_name": "Lonsdale",
"given_name": "Colin J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4062-4654"
},
{
"family_name": "Lowitz",
"given_name": "Amy E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4747-4276"
},
{
"family_name": "Lu \u8def",
"given_name": "Ru-Sen \u5982\u68ee",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7692-7967"
},
{
"family_name": "MacDonald",
"given_name": "Nicholas R.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6684-8691"
},
{
"family_name": "Mao \u6bdb",
"given_name": "Jirong \u57fa\u8363",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7077-7195"
},
{
"family_name": "Marchili",
"given_name": "Nicola",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5523-7588"
},
{
"family_name": "Markoff",
"given_name": "Sera",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9564-0876"
},
{
"family_name": "Marrone",
"given_name": "Daniel P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2367-1080"
},
{
"family_name": "Marscher",
"given_name": "Alan P.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7396-3332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mart\u00ed-Vidal",
"given_name": "Iv\u00e1n",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3708-9611"
},
{
"family_name": "Matsushita",
"given_name": "Satoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2127-7880"
},
{
"family_name": "Matthews",
"given_name": "Lynn D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3728-8082"
},
{
"family_name": "Medeiros",
"given_name": "Lia",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2342-6728"
},
{
"family_name": "Menten",
"given_name": "Karl M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6459-0669"
},
{
"family_name": "Messias",
"given_name": "Hugo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2985-7994"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Izumi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7210-6264"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Yosuke",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8131-6730"
},
{
"family_name": "Montgomery",
"given_name": "Joshua",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0345-8386"
},
{
"family_name": "Moriyama",
"given_name": "Kotaro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1364-3761"
},
{
"family_name": "Moscibrodzka",
"given_name": "Monika",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4661-6332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mulaudzi",
"given_name": "Wanga",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4514-625X"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Cornelia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2739-2994"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Hendrik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9250-0197"
},
{
"family_name": "Mus",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0329-6874"
},
{
"family_name": "Musoke",
"given_name": "Gibwa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1984-189X"
},
{
"family_name": "Myserlis",
"given_name": "Ioannis",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3025-9497"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagai",
"given_name": "Hiroshi",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0292-3645"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagar",
"given_name": "Neil M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6920-662X"
},
{
"family_name": "Nair",
"given_name": "Dhanya G.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5357-7805"
},
{
"family_name": "Nakamura",
"given_name": "Masanori",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6081-2420"
},
{
"family_name": "Narayanan",
"given_name": "Gopal",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4723-6569"
},
{
"family_name": "Natarajan",
"given_name": "Iniyan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8242-4373"
},
{
"family_name": "Nathanail",
"given_name": "Antonios",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1655-9912"
},
{
"family_name": "Navarro Fuentes",
"given_name": "Santiago"
},
{
"family_name": "Neilsen",
"given_name": "Joey",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8247-786X"
},
{
"family_name": "Ni",
"given_name": "Chunchong",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1361-5699"
},
{
"family_name": "Nowak",
"given_name": "Michael A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6923-1315"
},
{
"family_name": "Okino",
"given_name": "Hiroki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3779-2016"
},
{
"family_name": "Olivares S\u00e1nchez",
"given_name": "H\u00e9ctor Ra\u00fal",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6833-7580"
},
{
"family_name": "\u00d6zel",
"given_name": "Feryal",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4413-1523"
},
{
"family_name": "Palumbo",
"given_name": "Daniel C. M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7179-3816"
},
{
"family_name": "Paraschos",
"given_name": "Georgios Filippos",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6757-3098"
},
{
"family_name": "Park",
"given_name": "Jongho",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6558-9053"
},
{
"family_name": "Parsons",
"given_name": "Harriet",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6327-3423"
},
{
"family_name": "Patel",
"given_name": "Nimesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6021-9421"
},
{
"family_name": "Pen",
"given_name": "Ue-Li",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2155-9578"
},
{
"family_name": "Pesce",
"given_name": "Dominic W.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5278-9221"
},
{
"family_name": "Pi\u00e9tu",
"given_name": "Vincent",
"orcid": "0009-0006-3497-397X"
},
{
"family_name": "Plavin",
"given_name": "Alexander",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2914-8554"
},
{
"family_name": "PopStefanija",
"given_name": "Aleksandar"
},
{
"family_name": "Porth",
"given_name": "Oliver",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4584-2557"
},
{
"family_name": "Principe",
"given_name": "Giacomo",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0406-7387"
},
{
"family_name": "Psaltis",
"given_name": "Dimitrios",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1035-3240"
},
{
"family_name": "Pu",
"given_name": "Hung-Yi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9270-8812"
},
{
"family_name": "Rahlin",
"given_name": "Alexandra",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3953-1776"
},
{
"family_name": "Ramakrishnan",
"given_name": "Venkatessh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9248-086X"
},
{
"family_name": "Rao",
"given_name": "Ramprasad",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1407-7944"
},
{
"family_name": "Rawlings",
"given_name": "Mark G.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6529-202X"
},
{
"family_name": "Rezzolla",
"given_name": "Luciano",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1330-7103"
},
{
"family_name": "Ricarte",
"given_name": "Angelo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5287-0452"
},
{
"family_name": "Ricci",
"given_name": "Luca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4175-3194"
},
{
"family_name": "Ripperda",
"given_name": "Bart",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7301-3908"
},
{
"family_name": "R\u00f6der",
"given_name": "Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2426-927X"
},
{
"family_name": "Roelofs",
"given_name": "Freek",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5461-3687"
},
{
"family_name": "Romero-Ca\u00f1izales",
"given_name": "Cristina",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6301-9073"
},
{
"family_name": "Ros",
"given_name": "Eduardo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9503-4892"
},
{
"family_name": "Roshanineshat",
"given_name": "Arash",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8280-9238"
},
{
"family_name": "Rottmann",
"given_name": "Helge"
},
{
"family_name": "Roy",
"given_name": "Alan L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1931-0135"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruiz",
"given_name": "Ignacio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0965-5463"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruszczyk",
"given_name": "Chet",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7278-9707"
},
{
"family_name": "Rygl",
"given_name": "Kazi L. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4146-9043"
},
{
"family_name": "Salas",
"given_name": "Le\u00f3n D. S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1979-6363"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez",
"given_name": "Salvador",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8042-5951"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Arg\u00fcelles",
"given_name": "David",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7344-9920"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Portal",
"given_name": "Miguel",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0981-9664"
},
{
"family_name": "Sasada",
"given_name": "Mahito",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5946-9960"
},
{
"family_name": "Satapathy",
"given_name": "Kaushik",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0433-3585"
},
{
"family_name": "Saurabh",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7156-4848"
},
{
"family_name": "Savolainen",
"given_name": "Tuomas",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6214-1085"
},
{
"family_name": "Schuster",
"given_name": "Karl-Friedrich",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2890-9454"
},
{
"family_name": "Shen \u6c88",
"given_name": "Zhiqiang \u5fd7\u5f3a",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3540-8746"
},
{
"family_name": "Silpa",
"given_name": "Sasikumar",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0667-7074"
},
{
"family_name": "Smith",
"given_name": "Randall",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4284-4167"
},
{
"family_name": "Sohn",
"given_name": "Bong Won",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4148-8378"
},
{
"family_name": "SooHoo",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1938-0720"
},
{
"family_name": "Souccar",
"given_name": "Kamal",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7915-5272"
},
{
"family_name": "Stanway",
"given_name": "Joshua S.",
"orcid": "0009-0003-7659-4642"
},
{
"family_name": "Sun \u5b59",
"given_name": "He \u8d6b",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1526-6787"
},
{
"family_name": "Tetarenko",
"given_name": "Alexandra J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3906-4354"
},
{
"family_name": "Tilanus",
"given_name": "Remo P. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6514-553X"
},
{
"family_name": "Titus",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9001-3275"
},
{
"family_name": "Toma",
"given_name": "Kenji",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7114-6010"
},
{
"family_name": "Torne",
"given_name": "Pablo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8700-6058"
},
{
"family_name": "Toscano",
"given_name": "Teresa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3658-7862"
},
{
"family_name": "Traianou",
"given_name": "Efthalia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1209-6500"
},
{
"family_name": "Trippe",
"given_name": "Sascha",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0465-1559"
},
{
"family_name": "Turk",
"given_name": "Matthew",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5294-0198"
},
{
"family_name": "van Bemmel",
"given_name": "Ilse",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5473-2950"
},
{
"family_name": "van Langevelde",
"given_name": "Huib Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0230-5946"
},
{
"family_name": "van Rossum",
"given_name": "Daniel R.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7772-6131"
},
{
"family_name": "von Fellenberg",
"given_name": "Sebastiano D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9156-2249"
},
{
"family_name": "Vos",
"given_name": "Jesse",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3349-7394"
},
{
"family_name": "Wagner",
"given_name": "Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1105-6109"
},
{
"family_name": "Ward-Thompson",
"given_name": "Derek",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1140-2761"
},
{
"family_name": "Wardle",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8960-2942"
},
{
"family_name": "Washington",
"given_name": "Jasmin E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7046-0470"
},
{
"family_name": "Weintroub",
"given_name": "Jonathan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4603-5204"
},
{
"family_name": "Wielgus",
"given_name": "Maciek",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8635-4242"
},
{
"family_name": "Wiik",
"given_name": "Kaj",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0862-3398"
},
{
"family_name": "Wondrak",
"given_name": "Michael F.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6894-1072"
},
{
"family_name": "Wong",
"given_name": "George N.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6952-2147"
},
{
"family_name": "Wongphexhauxsorn",
"given_name": "Jompoj",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7730-4956"
},
{
"family_name": "Wu \u5434",
"given_name": "Qingwen \u5e86\u6587",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4773-4987"
},
{
"family_name": "Yamaguchi",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6017-8199"
},
{
"family_name": "Yfantis",
"given_name": "Aristomenis",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3244-7072"
},
{
"family_name": "Yoon",
"given_name": "Doosoo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8694-8166"
},
{
"family_name": "Young",
"given_name": "Andr\u00e9",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0000-2682"
},
{
"family_name": "Younsi",
"given_name": "Ziri",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9283-1191"
},
{
"family_name": "Yu \u4e8e",
"given_name": "Wei \u5a01",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5168-6052"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan \u8881",
"given_name": "Feng \u5cf0",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3564-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan \u8881",
"given_name": "Ye-Fei \u4e1a\u98de",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7330-4756"
},
{
"family_name": "Zeng \u66fe",
"given_name": "Ai-Ling \u827e\u73b2",
"orcid": "0009-0000-9427-4608"
},
{
"family_name": "Zensus",
"given_name": "J. Anton",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7470-3321"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhang",
"given_name": "Shuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2967-790X"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhao",
"given_name": "Guang-Yao",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4417-1659"
},
{
"literal": "The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "\n
Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of the supermassive black hole M87* depict an asymmetric ring of emission. General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of M87* and its accretion disk predict that the amplitude and location of the ring’s peak brightness asymmetry should fluctuate due to turbulence in the source plasma. We compare the observed distribution of brightness asymmetry amplitudes to the simulated distribution in GRMHD models, across varying black hole spin a*. We show that, for strongly magnetized (MAD) models, three epochs of EHT data marginally disfavor \u2223a*\u2223 \u2272 0.2. This is consistent with the Blandford–Znajek model for M87’s jet, which predicts that M87* should have nonzero spin. We show quantitatively how future observations could improve spin constraints and discuss how improved spin constraints could distinguish between differing jet-launching mechanisms and black hole growth scenarios.
\n
We investigate the presence and spatial characteristics of the jet base emission in M87* at 230\u2006GHz, enabled by the significantly enhanced (u,v) coverage in the 2021 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations. The integration of the 12−m Kitt Peak Telescope (USA) and NOEMA (France) stations into the array introduces two critical intermediate-length baselines to SMT (USA) and IRAM 30−m (Spain), providing sensitivity to emission structures at spatial scales of ∼250\u2006μas and ∼2500\u2006μas (∼ 0.02 pc and ∼ 0.02 pc). Without these new baselines, previous EHT observations of the source in 2017 and 2018 lacked the capability to constrain emission on large scales, where a “missing flux” of order ∼1\u2006Jy is expected to reside. To probe these scales, we analyzed closure phases–robust against station-based gain calibration errors–and model the jet base emission using a simple Gaussian component offset from the compact ring emission at spatial separations > 100\u2006μas. Our analysis revealed a Gaussian feature centered at (ΔRA\u2004≈\u2004320\u2006μas, ΔDec. ≈ 60 μ as), projected separation of ≈ 5500 AU, with an estimated flux density of only ∼60\u2006mJy, implying that most of the missing flux identified in previous EHT studies had to originate from different, larger scales. Brighter emission at the relevant spatial scales is firmly ruled out, and the data do not favor more complex models. This component aligns with the inferred position of the large-scale jet and is therefore physically consistent with the emission of the jet base. While our findings point to detectable jet base emission at 230\u2006GHz, the limited coverage provided by only two intermediate baselines limits our ability to robustly reconstruct its morphology. Consequently, we treated the recovered Gaussian as an upper limit on the jet base flux density. Future EHT observations with expanded intermediate baseline coverage will be essential to constrain the structure and nature of this component with higher precision.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202557022",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-01-28",
"volume": "706",
"pages": "A27"
},
{
"id": "authors:pdkt7-vg829",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "pdkt7-vg829",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/pdkt7-vg829",
"type": "article",
"title": "Spatially resolved polarization swings in the supermassive binary black hole candidate OJ 287 with first Event Horizon Telescope observations",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez",
"given_name": "Jos\u00e9 L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4190-7613"
},
{
"family_name": "Cho",
"given_name": "Ilje",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6083-7521"
},
{
"family_name": "Traianou",
"given_name": "Efthalia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1209-6500"
},
{
"family_name": "Krichbaum",
"given_name": "Thomas P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4892-9586"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhao",
"given_name": "Guang-Yao",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4417-1659"
},
{
"family_name": "Lico",
"given_name": "Rocco",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7361-2460"
},
{
"family_name": "Fuentes",
"given_name": "Antonio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8773-4933"
},
{
"family_name": "Foschi",
"given_name": "Marianna",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8147-4993"
},
{
"family_name": "Dahale",
"given_name": "Rohan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6982-9034"
},
{
"family_name": "Georgiev",
"given_name": "Boris",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3586-6424"
},
{
"family_name": "Moriyama",
"given_name": "Kotaro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1364-3761"
},
{
"family_name": "Wielgus",
"given_name": "Maciek",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8635-4242"
},
{
"family_name": "Gold",
"given_name": "Roman",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2492-1966"
},
{
"family_name": "Pesce",
"given_name": "Dominic W.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5278-9221"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Hendrik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9250-0197"
},
{
"family_name": "Jorstad",
"given_name": "Svetlana",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6158-1708"
},
{
"family_name": "Toscano",
"given_name": "Teresa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3658-7862"
},
{
"family_name": "R\u00f6der",
"given_name": "Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2426-927X"
},
{
"family_name": "Mart\u00ed",
"given_name": "Jos\u00e9 M.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2396-0621"
},
{
"family_name": "Perucho",
"given_name": "Manel",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2784-0379"
},
{
"family_name": "Kovalev",
"given_name": "Yuri Y.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9303-3263"
},
{
"family_name": "Komossa",
"given_name": "Stefanie",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4183-4215"
},
{
"family_name": "Gopakumar",
"given_name": "Achamveedu",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4274-4369"
},
{
"family_name": "Valtonen",
"given_name": "Mauri J."
},
{
"family_name": "Bruni",
"given_name": "Gabriele",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5182-6289"
},
{
"family_name": "Chandra",
"given_name": "Sunil",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8776-1835"
},
{
"family_name": "Akiyama",
"given_name": "Kazunori",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9475-4254"
},
{
"family_name": "Albentosa-Ru\u00edz",
"given_name": "Ezequiel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7816-6401"
},
{
"family_name": "Alberdi",
"given_name": "Antxon",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9371-1033"
},
{
"family_name": "Alef",
"given_name": "Walter"
},
{
"family_name": "Carlos Algaba",
"given_name": "Juan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6993-1696"
},
{
"family_name": "Anantua",
"given_name": "Richard",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3457-7660"
},
{
"family_name": "Asada",
"given_name": "Keiichi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6988-8763"
},
{
"family_name": "Azulay",
"given_name": "Rebecca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2200-5393"
},
{
"family_name": "Bach",
"given_name": "Uwe",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7722-8412"
},
{
"family_name": "Baczko",
"given_name": "Anne-Kathrin",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3090-3975"
},
{
"family_name": "Ball",
"given_name": "David"
},
{
"family_name": "Balokovi\u0107",
"given_name": "Mislav",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0476-6647"
},
{
"family_name": "Bandyopadhyay",
"given_name": "Bidisha",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2138-8564"
},
{
"family_name": "Barrett",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9290-0764"
},
{
"family_name": "Baub\u00f6ck",
"given_name": "Michi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5518-2812"
},
{
"family_name": "Benson",
"given_name": "Bradford A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5108-6823"
},
{
"family_name": "Bintley",
"given_name": "Dan"
},
{
"family_name": "Blackburn",
"given_name": "Lindy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9030-642X"
},
{
"family_name": "Blundell",
"given_name": "Raymond",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5929-5857"
},
{
"family_name": "Bouman",
"given_name": "Katherine L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0077-4367",
"clpid": "Bouman-K-L"
},
{
"family_name": "Bower",
"given_name": "Geoffrey C.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4056-9982"
},
{
"family_name": "Bremer",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7511-3745"
},
{
"family_name": "Brissenden",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2556-0894"
},
{
"family_name": "Britzen",
"given_name": "Silke",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9240-6734"
},
{
"family_name": "Broderick",
"given_name": "Avery E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3351-760X"
},
{
"family_name": "Broguiere",
"given_name": "Dominique",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9151-6683"
},
{
"family_name": "Bronzwaer",
"given_name": "Thomas",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1151-3971"
},
{
"family_name": "Bustamante",
"given_name": "Sandra",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6169-1894"
},
{
"family_name": "Carlos",
"given_name": "Douglas F.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1340-7702"
},
{
"family_name": "Carlstrom",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2044-7665"
},
{
"family_name": "Chael",
"given_name": "Andrew",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2966-6220"
},
{
"family_name": "Chan",
"given_name": "Chi-kwan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6337-6126"
},
{
"family_name": "Chang",
"given_name": "Dominic O.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9939-5257"
},
{
"family_name": "Chatterjee",
"given_name": "Koushik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2825-3590"
},
{
"family_name": "Chatterjee",
"given_name": "Shami",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2878-1502"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen",
"given_name": "Ming-Tang",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6573-3318"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen",
"given_name": "Yongjun",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5650-6770"
},
{
"family_name": "Cheng",
"given_name": "Xiaopeng",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4407-9868"
},
{
"family_name": "Christian",
"given_name": "Pierre",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6820-9941"
},
{
"family_name": "Conroy",
"given_name": "Nicholas S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2886-2377"
},
{
"family_name": "Conway",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2448-9181"
},
{
"family_name": "Crawford",
"given_name": "Thomas M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9000-5013"
},
{
"family_name": "Crew",
"given_name": "Geoffrey B.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2079-3189"
},
{
"family_name": "Cruz-Osorio",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3945-6342"
},
{
"family_name": "Cui",
"given_name": "Yuzhu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6311-4345"
},
{
"family_name": "Curd",
"given_name": "Brandon",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8650-0879"
},
{
"family_name": "Davelaar",
"given_name": "Jordy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2685-2434"
},
{
"family_name": "De Laurentis",
"given_name": "Mariafelicia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9945-682X"
},
{
"family_name": "Deane",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1027-5043"
},
{
"family_name": "Dempsey",
"given_name": "Jessica",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1269-9667"
},
{
"family_name": "Desvignes",
"given_name": "Gregory",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3922-4055"
},
{
"family_name": "Dexter",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3903-0373"
},
{
"family_name": "Dhruv",
"given_name": "Vedant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6765-877X"
},
{
"family_name": "Dihingia",
"given_name": "Indu K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4064-0446"
},
{
"family_name": "Doeleman",
"given_name": "Sheperd S.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9031-0904"
},
{
"family_name": "Dzib",
"given_name": "Sergio A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6010-6200"
},
{
"family_name": "Eatough",
"given_name": "Ralph P.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6196-4135"
},
{
"family_name": "Emami",
"given_name": "Razieh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2791-5011"
},
{
"family_name": "Falcke",
"given_name": "Heino",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2526-6724"
},
{
"family_name": "Farah",
"given_name": "Joseph",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4914-5625"
},
{
"family_name": "Fish",
"given_name": "Vincent L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7128-9345"
},
{
"family_name": "Fomalont",
"given_name": "Edward",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9036-2747"
},
{
"family_name": "Alyson Ford",
"given_name": "H.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9797-0972"
},
{
"family_name": "Fraga-Encinas",
"given_name": "Raquel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5222-1361"
},
{
"family_name": "Freeman",
"given_name": "William T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2231-7995"
},
{
"family_name": "Friberg",
"given_name": "Per",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8010-8454"
},
{
"family_name": "Fromm",
"given_name": "Christian M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1827-1656"
},
{
"family_name": "Galison",
"given_name": "Peter",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6429-3872"
},
{
"family_name": "Gammie",
"given_name": "Charles F.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7451-8935"
},
{
"family_name": "Garc\u00eda",
"given_name": "Roberto",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6584-7443"
},
{
"family_name": "Gentaz",
"given_name": "Olivier",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0115-4605"
},
{
"family_name": "Geertsema",
"given_name": "Gertie",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3933-0069"
},
{
"family_name": "Goddi",
"given_name": "Ciriaco",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2542-7743"
},
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez-Ruiz",
"given_name": "Arturo I.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9395-1670"
},
{
"family_name": "Gu",
"given_name": "Minfeng",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4455-6946"
},
{
"family_name": "Gurwell",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0685-3621"
},
{
"family_name": "Hada",
"given_name": "Kazuhiro",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6906-772X"
},
{
"family_name": "Haggard",
"given_name": "Daryl",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6803-2138"
},
{
"family_name": "Hesper",
"given_name": "Ronald",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1918-6098"
},
{
"family_name": "Heumann",
"given_name": "Dirk",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7671-0047"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho",
"given_name": "Luis C.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6947-5846"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3412-4306"
},
{
"family_name": "Honma",
"given_name": "Mareki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4058-9000"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang",
"given_name": "Chih-Wei L.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5641-3953"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang",
"given_name": "Lei",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1923-227X"
},
{
"family_name": "Hughes",
"given_name": "David H."
},
{
"family_name": "Ikeda",
"given_name": "Shiro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2462-1448"
},
{
"family_name": "Violette Impellizzeri",
"given_name": "C. M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3443-2472"
},
{
"family_name": "Inoue",
"given_name": "Makoto",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5037-3989"
},
{
"family_name": "Issaoun",
"given_name": "Sara",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5297-921X"
},
{
"family_name": "James",
"given_name": "David J.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5160-4486"
},
{
"family_name": "Jannuzi",
"given_name": "Buell T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1578-6582"
},
{
"family_name": "Janssen",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8685-6544"
},
{
"family_name": "Jeter",
"given_name": "Britton",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2847-1712"
},
{
"family_name": "Jiang",
"given_name": "Wu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7369-3539"
},
{
"family_name": "Jim\u00e9nez-Rosales",
"given_name": "Alejandra",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2662-3754"
},
{
"family_name": "Johnson",
"given_name": "Michael D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4120-3029"
},
{
"family_name": "Jones",
"given_name": "Adam C."
},
{
"family_name": "Joshi",
"given_name": "Abhishek V.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2514-5965"
},
{
"family_name": "Jung",
"given_name": "Taehyun",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7003-8643"
},
{
"family_name": "Karuppusamy",
"given_name": "Ramesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5307-2919"
},
{
"family_name": "Kawashima",
"given_name": "Tomohisa",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8527-0496"
},
{
"family_name": "Keating",
"given_name": "Garrett K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3490-146X"
},
{
"family_name": "Kettenis",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6156-5617"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Dong-Jin",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7038-2118"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jae-Young",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8229-7183"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jongsoo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1229-0426"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Junhan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4274-9373"
},
{
"family_name": "Kino",
"given_name": "Motoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2709-7338"
},
{
"family_name": "Koay",
"given_name": "Jun Yi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7029-6658"
},
{
"family_name": "Kocherlakota",
"given_name": "Prashant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7386-7439"
},
{
"family_name": "Kofuji",
"given_name": "Yutaro",
"orcid": "0009-0006-6871-3885"
},
{
"family_name": "Koch",
"given_name": "Patrick M.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2777-5861"
},
{
"family_name": "Koyama",
"given_name": "Shoko",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3723-3372"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Carsten",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4908-4925"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Joana A.",
"orcid": "0009-0003-3011-0454"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4175-2271"
},
{
"family_name": "Kuo",
"given_name": "Cheng-Yu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6211-5581"
},
{
"family_name": "La Bella",
"given_name": "Noemi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8116-9427"
},
{
"family_name": "Lee",
"given_name": "Sang-Sung",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6269-594X"
},
{
"family_name": "Levis",
"given_name": "Aviad",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7307-632X",
"clpid": "Levis-Aviad"
},
{
"family_name": "Li",
"given_name": "Zhiyuan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0355-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindahl",
"given_name": "Greg",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6100-4772"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindqvist",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3669-0715"
},
{
"family_name": "Lisakov",
"given_name": "Mikhail",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6088-3819"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu",
"given_name": "Jun",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7600-1670"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu",
"given_name": "Kuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2953-7376"
},
{
"family_name": "Liuzzo",
"given_name": "Elisabetta",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0995-5201"
},
{
"family_name": "Lo",
"given_name": "Wen-Ping",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1869-2503"
},
{
"family_name": "Lobanov",
"given_name": "Andrei P.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1622-1484"
},
{
"family_name": "Loinard",
"given_name": "Laurent",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5635-3345"
},
{
"family_name": "Lonsdale",
"given_name": "Colin J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4062-4654"
},
{
"family_name": "Lowitz",
"given_name": "Amy E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4747-4276"
},
{
"family_name": "Lu",
"given_name": "Ru-Sen",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7692-7967"
},
{
"family_name": "MacDonald",
"given_name": "Nicholas R.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6684-8691"
},
{
"family_name": "Mao",
"given_name": "Jirong",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7077-7195"
},
{
"family_name": "Marchili",
"given_name": "Nicola",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5523-7588"
},
{
"family_name": "Markoff",
"given_name": "Sera",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9564-0876"
},
{
"family_name": "Marrone",
"given_name": "Daniel P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2367-1080"
},
{
"family_name": "Marscher",
"given_name": "Alan P.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7396-3332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mart\u00ed-Vidal",
"given_name": "Iv\u00e0n",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3708-9611"
},
{
"family_name": "Matsushita",
"given_name": "Satoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2127-7880"
},
{
"family_name": "Matthews",
"given_name": "Lynn D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3728-8082"
},
{
"family_name": "Medeiros",
"given_name": "Lia",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2342-6728"
},
{
"family_name": "Menten",
"given_name": "Karl M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6459-0669"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Izumi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7210-6264"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Yosuke",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8131-6730"
},
{
"family_name": "Montgomery",
"given_name": "Joshua",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0345-8386"
},
{
"family_name": "Moran",
"given_name": "James M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3882-4414"
},
{
"family_name": "Moscibrodzka",
"given_name": "Monika",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4661-6332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mulaudzi",
"given_name": "Wanga",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4514-625X"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Cornelia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2739-2994"
},
{
"family_name": "Mus",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0329-6874"
},
{
"family_name": "Musoke",
"given_name": "Gibwa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1984-189X"
},
{
"family_name": "Myserlis",
"given_name": "Ioannis",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3025-9497"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagai",
"given_name": "Hiroshi",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0292-3645"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagar",
"given_name": "Neil M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6920-662X"
},
{
"family_name": "Nair",
"given_name": "Dhanya G.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5357-7805"
},
{
"family_name": "Nakamura",
"given_name": "Masanori",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6081-2420"
},
{
"family_name": "Narayanan",
"given_name": "Gopal",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4723-6569"
},
{
"family_name": "Natarajan",
"given_name": "Iniyan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8242-4373"
},
{
"family_name": "Nathanail",
"given_name": "Antonios",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1655-9912"
},
{
"family_name": "Fuentes",
"given_name": "Santiago Navarro"
},
{
"family_name": "Neilsen",
"given_name": "Joey",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8247-786X"
},
{
"family_name": "Ni",
"given_name": "Chunchong",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1361-5699"
},
{
"family_name": "Nowak",
"given_name": "Michael A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6923-1315"
},
{
"family_name": "Oh",
"given_name": "Junghwan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4991-9638"
},
{
"family_name": "Okino",
"given_name": "Hiroki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3779-2016"
},
{
"family_name": "Olivares S\u00e1nchez",
"given_name": "H\u00e9ctor Ra\u00fal",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6833-7580"
},
{
"family_name": "Oyama",
"given_name": "Tomoaki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4046-2923"
},
{
"family_name": "\u00d6zel",
"given_name": "Feryal",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4413-1523"
},
{
"family_name": "Palumbo",
"given_name": "Daniel C. M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7179-3816"
},
{
"family_name": "Filippos Paraschos",
"given_name": "Georgios",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6757-3098"
},
{
"family_name": "Park",
"given_name": "Jongho",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6558-9053"
},
{
"family_name": "Parsons",
"given_name": "Harriet",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6327-3423"
},
{
"family_name": "Patel",
"given_name": "Nimesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6021-9421"
},
{
"family_name": "Pen",
"given_name": "Ue-Li",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2155-9578"
},
{
"family_name": "Pi\u00e9tu",
"given_name": "Vincent",
"orcid": "0009-0006-3497-397X"
},
{
"family_name": "PopStefanija",
"given_name": "Aleksandar"
},
{
"family_name": "Porth",
"given_name": "Oliver",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4584-2557"
},
{
"family_name": "Prather",
"given_name": "Ben",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0393-7734"
},
{
"family_name": "Principe",
"given_name": "Giacomo",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0406-7387"
},
{
"family_name": "Psaltis",
"given_name": "Dimitrios",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1035-3240"
},
{
"family_name": "Pu",
"given_name": "Hung-Yi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9270-8812"
},
{
"family_name": "Ramakrishnan",
"given_name": "Venkatessh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9248-086X"
},
{
"family_name": "Rao",
"given_name": "Ramprasad",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1407-7944"
},
{
"family_name": "Rawlings",
"given_name": "Mark G.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6529-202X"
},
{
"family_name": "Rezzolla",
"given_name": "Luciano",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1330-7103"
},
{
"family_name": "Ricarte",
"given_name": "Angelo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5287-0452"
},
{
"family_name": "Ripperda",
"given_name": "Bart",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7301-3908"
},
{
"family_name": "Roelofs",
"given_name": "Freek",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5461-3687"
},
{
"family_name": "Romero-Ca\u00f1izales",
"given_name": "Cristina",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6301-9073"
},
{
"family_name": "Ros",
"given_name": "Eduardo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9503-4892"
},
{
"family_name": "Roshanineshat",
"given_name": "Arash",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8280-9238"
},
{
"family_name": "Rottmann",
"given_name": "Helge"
},
{
"family_name": "Roy",
"given_name": "Alan L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1931-0135"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruiz",
"given_name": "Ignacio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0965-5463"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruszczyk",
"given_name": "Chet",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7278-9707"
},
{
"family_name": "Rygl",
"given_name": "Kazi L. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4146-9043"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez",
"given_name": "Salvador",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8042-5951"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Arg\u00fcelles",
"given_name": "David",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7344-9920"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Portal",
"given_name": "Miguel",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0981-9664"
},
{
"family_name": "Sasada",
"given_name": "Mahito",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5946-9960"
},
{
"family_name": "Satapathy",
"given_name": "Kaushik",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0433-3585"
},
{
"family_name": "Saurabh",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7156-4848"
},
{
"family_name": "Savolainen",
"given_name": "Tuomas",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6214-1085"
},
{
"family_name": "Schloerb",
"given_name": "F. Peter"
},
{
"family_name": "Schonfeld",
"given_name": "Jonathan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8909-2401"
},
{
"family_name": "Schuster",
"given_name": "Karl-Friedrich",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2890-9454"
},
{
"family_name": "Shao",
"given_name": "Lijing",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1334-8853"
},
{
"family_name": "Shen",
"given_name": "Zhiqiang",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3540-8746"
},
{
"family_name": "Silpa",
"given_name": "Sasikumar",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0667-7074"
},
{
"family_name": "Small",
"given_name": "Des",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3723-5404"
},
{
"family_name": "Won Sohn",
"given_name": "Bong",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4148-8378"
},
{
"family_name": "SooHoo",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1938-0720"
},
{
"family_name": "Salas",
"given_name": "Le\u00f3n D. S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1979-6363"
},
{
"family_name": "Souccar",
"given_name": "Kamal",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7915-5272"
},
{
"family_name": "Stanway",
"given_name": "Joshua S.",
"orcid": "0009-0003-7659-4642"
},
{
"family_name": "Sun",
"given_name": "He",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1526-6787"
},
{
"family_name": "Tazaki",
"given_name": "Fumie",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0236-0600"
},
{
"family_name": "Tetarenko",
"given_name": "Alexandra J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3906-4354"
},
{
"family_name": "Tiede",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3826-5648"
},
{
"family_name": "Tilanus",
"given_name": "Remo P. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6514-553X"
},
{
"family_name": "Titus",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9001-3275"
},
{
"family_name": "Toma",
"given_name": "Kenji",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7114-6010"
},
{
"family_name": "Torne",
"given_name": "Pablo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8700-6058"
},
{
"family_name": "Trent",
"given_name": "Tyler"
},
{
"family_name": "Trippe",
"given_name": "Sascha",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0465-1559"
},
{
"family_name": "Turk",
"given_name": "Matthew",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5294-0198"
},
{
"family_name": "van Bemmel",
"given_name": "Ilse",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5473-2950"
},
{
"family_name": "van Langevelde",
"given_name": "Huib Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0230-5946"
},
{
"family_name": "van Rossum",
"given_name": "Daniel R.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7772-6131"
},
{
"family_name": "Vos",
"given_name": "Jesse",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3349-7394"
},
{
"family_name": "Wagner",
"given_name": "Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1105-6109"
},
{
"family_name": "Ward-Thompson",
"given_name": "Derek",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1140-2761"
},
{
"family_name": "Wardle",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8960-2942"
},
{
"family_name": "Washington",
"given_name": "Jasmin E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7046-0470"
},
{
"family_name": "Weintroub",
"given_name": "Jonathan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4603-5204"
},
{
"family_name": "Wharton",
"given_name": "Robert",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7416-5209"
},
{
"family_name": "Wiik",
"given_name": "Kaj",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0862-3398"
},
{
"family_name": "Witzel",
"given_name": "Gunther",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2618-797X"
},
{
"family_name": "Wondrak",
"given_name": "Michael F.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6894-1072"
},
{
"family_name": "Wong",
"given_name": "George N.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6952-2147"
},
{
"family_name": "Wu",
"given_name": "Qingwen",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4773-4987"
},
{
"family_name": "Yadlapalli",
"given_name": "Nitika",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3255-4617",
"clpid": "Yadlapalli-Nitika"
},
{
"family_name": "Yamaguchi",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6017-8199"
},
{
"family_name": "Yfantis",
"given_name": "Aristomenis",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3244-7072"
},
{
"family_name": "Yoon",
"given_name": "Doosoo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8694-8166"
},
{
"family_name": "Young",
"given_name": "Andr\u00e9",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0000-2682"
},
{
"family_name": "Younsi",
"given_name": "Ziri",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9283-1191"
},
{
"family_name": "Yu",
"given_name": "Wei",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5168-6052"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan",
"given_name": "Feng",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3564-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan",
"given_name": "Ye-Fei",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7330-4756"
},
{
"family_name": "Zeng",
"given_name": "Ai-Ling",
"orcid": "0009-0000-9427-4608"
},
{
"family_name": "Zensus",
"given_name": "J. Anton",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7470-3321"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhang",
"given_name": "Shuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2967-790X"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhao",
"given_name": "Shan-Shan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9774-3606"
}
],
"abstract": "We present the first Event Horizon Telescope 1.3 mm observations of the supermassive binary black hole candidate OJ 287. The observations achieved an unprecedented angular resolution of 18 μas and reveal significant structural and polarization variability over just five days, marking the shortest timescale on which such changes have been directly imaged in this source. The inner jet exhibits a twisted ridgeline structure, with features displaying apparent superluminal motions up to about 22 c. The linear polarization maps reveal three main polarized features whose electric-vector position angles (EVPAs) change substantially over the time span of our observations, including a component with a radial polarization consistent with being produced by a recollimation shock. Most notably, we directly resolved two innermost jet components whose EVPAs rotate in opposite directions. The faster component, moving at 2.4\u2005±\u20050.9 μas/day (17.4\u2005±\u20056.5\u2006c), exhibits counterclockwise EVPA swings of roughly 3.7° per day, while the slower component, with a proper motion of 1.4\u2005±\u20050.3 μas/day (10.2\u2005±\u20052.2\u2006c), rotates clockwise at approximately 2.5° per day. Previous studies inferred helical magnetic fields in AGN jets from time-resolved or integrated polarization variability but lacked the angular resolution to directly image this effect. Our results provide spatially resolved evidence that a helical magnetic field threads the jet’s collimation and acceleration zone, ruling out models based on the superposition of unresolved components. Our analysis suggests that propagating shocks interact with a Kelvin–Helmholtz plasma instability, illuminating different phases of the helical magnetic field and producing the observed polarization spatial and temporal variability. Moreover, our model naturally accounts for the more rapid polarization rotation observed in the faster moving component. Our model predicts even more rapid swings in polarization, which could be tested with future observations featuring a more densely sampled time coverage.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202555831",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2026-01",
"volume": "705",
"pages": "A23"
},
{
"id": "authors:e789s-g6b36",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "e789s-g6b36",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e789s-g6b36",
"type": "article",
"title": "Horizon-scale variability of M87* from 2017\u20132021 EHT observations",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "Akiyama",
"given_name": "Kazunori",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9475-4254"
},
{
"family_name": "Albentosa-Ru\u00edz",
"given_name": "Ezequiel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7816-6401"
},
{
"family_name": "Alberdi",
"given_name": "Antxon",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9371-1033"
},
{
"family_name": "Alef",
"given_name": "Walter"
},
{
"family_name": "Algaba",
"given_name": "Juan Carlos",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6993-1696"
},
{
"family_name": "Anantua",
"given_name": "Richard",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3457-7660"
},
{
"family_name": "Asada",
"given_name": "Keiichi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6988-8763"
},
{
"family_name": "Azulay",
"given_name": "Rebecca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2200-5393"
},
{
"family_name": "Bach",
"given_name": "Uwe",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7722-8412"
},
{
"family_name": "Baczko",
"given_name": "Anne-Kathrin",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3090-3975"
},
{
"family_name": "Ball",
"given_name": "David"
},
{
"family_name": "Balokovi\u0107",
"given_name": "Mislav",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0476-6647"
},
{
"family_name": "Bandyopadhyay",
"given_name": "Bidisha",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2138-8564"
},
{
"family_name": "Barrett",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9290-0764"
},
{
"family_name": "Baub\u00f6ck",
"given_name": "Michi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5518-2812"
},
{
"family_name": "Benson",
"given_name": "Bradford A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5108-6823"
},
{
"family_name": "Bintley",
"given_name": "Dan"
},
{
"family_name": "Blackburn",
"given_name": "Lindy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9030-642X"
},
{
"family_name": "Blundell",
"given_name": "Raymond",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5929-5857"
},
{
"family_name": "Bouman",
"given_name": "Katherine L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0077-4367",
"clpid": "Bouman-K-L"
},
{
"family_name": "Bower",
"given_name": "Geoffrey C.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4056-9982"
},
{
"family_name": "Bremer",
"given_name": "Michael"
},
{
"family_name": "Brissenden",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2556-0894"
},
{
"family_name": "Britzen",
"given_name": "Silke",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9240-6734"
},
{
"family_name": "Broderick",
"given_name": "Avery E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3351-760X"
},
{
"family_name": "Broguiere",
"given_name": "Dominique",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9151-6683"
},
{
"family_name": "Bronzwaer",
"given_name": "Thomas",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1151-3971"
},
{
"family_name": "Bustamante",
"given_name": "Sandra",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6169-1894"
},
{
"family_name": "Carlos",
"given_name": "Douglas F.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1340-7702"
},
{
"family_name": "Carlstrom",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2044-7665"
},
{
"family_name": "Chael",
"given_name": "Andrew",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2966-6220"
},
{
"family_name": "Chan",
"given_name": "Chi-kwan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6337-6126"
},
{
"family_name": "Chang",
"given_name": "Dominic O.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9939-5257"
},
{
"family_name": "Chavez",
"given_name": "Erandi",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4143-9717"
},
{
"family_name": "Chatterjee",
"given_name": "Koushik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2825-3590"
},
{
"family_name": "Chatterjee",
"given_name": "Shami",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2878-1502"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen",
"given_name": "Ming-Tang",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6573-3318"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen",
"given_name": "Yongjun",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5650-6770"
},
{
"family_name": "Cheng",
"given_name": "Xiaopeng",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4407-9868"
},
{
"family_name": "Chichura",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5397-9035"
},
{
"family_name": "Cho",
"given_name": "Ilje",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6083-7521"
},
{
"family_name": "Christian",
"given_name": "Pierre",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6820-9941"
},
{
"family_name": "Conroy",
"given_name": "Nicholas S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2886-2377"
},
{
"family_name": "Conway",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2448-9181"
},
{
"family_name": "Crawford",
"given_name": "Thomas M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9000-5013"
},
{
"family_name": "Crew",
"given_name": "Geoffrey B.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2079-3189"
},
{
"family_name": "Cruz-Osorio",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3945-6342"
},
{
"family_name": "Cui",
"given_name": "Yuzhu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6311-4345"
},
{
"family_name": "Curd",
"given_name": "Brandon",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8650-0879"
},
{
"family_name": "Dahale",
"given_name": "Rohan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6982-9034"
},
{
"family_name": "Davelaar",
"given_name": "Jordy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2685-2434"
},
{
"family_name": "De Laurentis",
"given_name": "Mariafelicia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9945-682X"
},
{
"family_name": "Deane",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1027-5043"
},
{
"family_name": "Desvignes",
"given_name": "Gregory",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3922-4055"
},
{
"family_name": "Dexter",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3903-0373"
},
{
"family_name": "Dhruv",
"given_name": "Vedant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6765-877X"
},
{
"family_name": "Dihingia",
"given_name": "Indu K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4064-0446"
},
{
"family_name": "Doeleman",
"given_name": "Sheperd S.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9031-0904"
},
{
"family_name": "Dzib",
"given_name": "Sergio A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6010-6200"
},
{
"family_name": "Eatough",
"given_name": "Ralph P.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6196-4135"
},
{
"family_name": "Emami",
"given_name": "Razieh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2791-5011"
},
{
"family_name": "Falcke",
"given_name": "Heino",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2526-6724"
},
{
"family_name": "Farah",
"given_name": "Joseph",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4914-5625"
},
{
"family_name": "Fish",
"given_name": "Vincent L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7128-9345"
},
{
"family_name": "Fomalont",
"given_name": "Edward",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9036-2747"
},
{
"family_name": "Alyson Ford",
"given_name": "H.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9797-0972"
},
{
"family_name": "Foschi",
"given_name": "Marianna",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8147-4993"
},
{
"family_name": "Fraga-Encinas",
"given_name": "Raquel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5222-1361"
},
{
"family_name": "Freeman",
"given_name": "William T."
},
{
"family_name": "Friberg",
"given_name": "Per",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8010-8454"
},
{
"family_name": "Fromm",
"given_name": "Christian M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1827-1656"
},
{
"family_name": "Fuentes",
"given_name": "Antonio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8773-4933"
},
{
"family_name": "Galison",
"given_name": "Peter",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6429-3872"
},
{
"family_name": "Gammie",
"given_name": "Charles F.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7451-8935"
},
{
"family_name": "Garc\u00eda",
"given_name": "Roberto",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6584-7443"
},
{
"family_name": "Gentaz",
"given_name": "Olivier",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0115-4605"
},
{
"family_name": "Georgiev",
"given_name": "Boris",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3586-6424"
},
{
"family_name": "Goddi",
"given_name": "Ciriaco",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2542-7743"
},
{
"family_name": "Gold",
"given_name": "Roman",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2492-1966"
},
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez-Ruiz",
"given_name": "Arturo I.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9395-1670"
},
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez",
"given_name": "Jos\u00e9 L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4190-7613"
},
{
"family_name": "Gu",
"given_name": "Minfeng",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4455-6946"
},
{
"family_name": "Gurwell",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0685-3621"
},
{
"family_name": "Hada",
"given_name": "Kazuhiro",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6906-772X"
},
{
"family_name": "Haggard",
"given_name": "Daryl",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6803-2138"
},
{
"family_name": "Hesper",
"given_name": "Ronald",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1918-6098"
},
{
"family_name": "Heumann",
"given_name": "Dirk",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7671-0047"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho",
"given_name": "Luis C.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6947-5846"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3412-4306"
},
{
"family_name": "Hoak",
"given_name": "Dan"
},
{
"family_name": "Honma",
"given_name": "Mareki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4058-9000"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang",
"given_name": "Chih-Wei L.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5641-3953"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang",
"given_name": "Lei",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1923-227X"
},
{
"family_name": "Hughes",
"given_name": "David H."
},
{
"family_name": "Ikeda",
"given_name": "Shiro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2462-1448"
},
{
"family_name": "Violette Impellizzeri",
"given_name": "C. M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3443-2472"
},
{
"family_name": "Inoue",
"given_name": "Makoto",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5037-3989"
},
{
"family_name": "Issaoun",
"given_name": "Sara",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5297-921X"
},
{
"family_name": "James",
"given_name": "David J.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5160-4486"
},
{
"family_name": "Jannuzi",
"given_name": "Buell T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1578-6582"
},
{
"family_name": "Janssen",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8685-6544"
},
{
"family_name": "Jeter",
"given_name": "Britton",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2847-1712"
},
{
"family_name": "Jiang",
"given_name": "Wu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7369-3539"
},
{
"family_name": "Jim\u00e9nez-Rosales",
"given_name": "Alejandra",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2662-3754"
},
{
"family_name": "Johnson",
"given_name": "Michael D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4120-3029"
},
{
"family_name": "Jorstad",
"given_name": "Svetlana",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6158-1708"
},
{
"family_name": "Jones",
"given_name": "Adam C."
},
{
"family_name": "Joshi",
"given_name": "Abhishek V.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2514-5965"
},
{
"family_name": "Jung",
"given_name": "Taehyun",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7003-8643"
},
{
"family_name": "Karuppusamy",
"given_name": "Ramesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5307-2919"
},
{
"family_name": "Kawashima",
"given_name": "Tomohisa",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8527-0496"
},
{
"family_name": "Keating",
"given_name": "Garrett K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3490-146X"
},
{
"family_name": "Kettenis",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6156-5617"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Dong-Jin",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7038-2118"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jae-Young",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8229-7183"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jongsoo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1229-0426"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Junhan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4274-9373"
},
{
"family_name": "Kino",
"given_name": "Motoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2709-7338"
},
{
"family_name": "Koay",
"given_name": "Jun Yi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7029-6658"
},
{
"family_name": "Kocherlakota",
"given_name": "Prashant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7386-7439"
},
{
"family_name": "Kofuji",
"given_name": "Yutaro"
},
{
"family_name": "Koch",
"given_name": "Patrick M.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2777-5861"
},
{
"family_name": "Koyama",
"given_name": "Shoko",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3723-3372"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Carsten",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4908-4925"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Joana A.",
"orcid": "0009-0003-3011-0454"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4175-2271"
},
{
"family_name": "Krichbaum",
"given_name": "Thomas P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4892-9586"
},
{
"family_name": "Kuo",
"given_name": "Cheng-Yu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6211-5581"
},
{
"family_name": "La Bella",
"given_name": "Noemi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8116-9427"
},
{
"family_name": "Lee",
"given_name": "Deokhyeong",
"orcid": "0009-0003-2122-9437"
},
{
"family_name": "Lee",
"given_name": "Sang-Sung",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6269-594X"
},
{
"family_name": "Levis",
"given_name": "Aviad",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7307-632X",
"clpid": "Levis-Aviad"
},
{
"family_name": "Li",
"given_name": "Zhiyuan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0355-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Lico",
"given_name": "Rocco",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7361-2460"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindahl",
"given_name": "Greg",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6100-4772"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindqvist",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3669-0715"
},
{
"family_name": "Lisakov",
"given_name": "Mikhail",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6088-3819"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu",
"given_name": "Jun",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7615-7499"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu",
"given_name": "Kuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2953-7376"
},
{
"family_name": "Liuzzo",
"given_name": "Elisabetta",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0995-5201"
},
{
"family_name": "Lo",
"given_name": "Wen-Ping",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1869-2503"
},
{
"family_name": "Lobanov",
"given_name": "Andrei P.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1622-1484"
},
{
"family_name": "Loinard",
"given_name": "Laurent",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5635-3345"
},
{
"family_name": "Lonsdale",
"given_name": "Colin J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4062-4654"
},
{
"family_name": "Lowitz",
"given_name": "Amy E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4747-4276"
},
{
"family_name": "Lu",
"given_name": "Ru-Sen",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7692-7967"
},
{
"family_name": "MacDonald",
"given_name": "Nicholas R.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6684-8691"
},
{
"family_name": "Mao",
"given_name": "Jirong",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7077-7195"
},
{
"family_name": "Marchili",
"given_name": "Nicola",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5523-7588"
},
{
"family_name": "Markoff",
"given_name": "Sera",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9564-0876"
},
{
"family_name": "Marrone",
"given_name": "Daniel P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2367-1080"
},
{
"family_name": "Marscher",
"given_name": "Alan P.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7396-3332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mart\u00ed-Vidal",
"given_name": "Iv\u00e1n",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3708-9611"
},
{
"family_name": "Matsushita",
"given_name": "Satoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2127-7880"
},
{
"family_name": "Matthews",
"given_name": "Lynn D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3728-8082"
},
{
"family_name": "Medeiros",
"given_name": "Lia",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2342-6728"
},
{
"family_name": "Menten",
"given_name": "Karl M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6459-0669"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Izumi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7210-6264"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Yosuke",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8131-6730"
},
{
"family_name": "Montgomery",
"given_name": "Joshua",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0345-8386"
},
{
"family_name": "Moran",
"given_name": "James M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3882-4414"
},
{
"family_name": "Moriyama",
"given_name": "Kotaro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1364-3761"
},
{
"family_name": "Moscibrodzka",
"given_name": "Monika",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4661-6332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mulaudzi",
"given_name": "Wanga",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4514-625X"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Cornelia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2739-2994"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Hendrik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9250-0197"
},
{
"family_name": "Mus",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0329-6874"
},
{
"family_name": "Musoke",
"given_name": "Gibwa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1984-189X"
},
{
"family_name": "Myserlis",
"given_name": "Ioannis",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3025-9497"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagai",
"given_name": "Hiroshi",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0292-3645"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagar",
"given_name": "Neil M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6920-662X"
},
{
"family_name": "Nair",
"given_name": "Dhanya G.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5357-7805"
},
{
"family_name": "Nakamura",
"given_name": "Masanori",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6081-2420"
},
{
"family_name": "Narayanan",
"given_name": "Gopal",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4723-6569"
},
{
"family_name": "Natarajan",
"given_name": "Iniyan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8242-4373"
},
{
"family_name": "Nathanail",
"given_name": "Antonios",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1655-9912"
},
{
"family_name": "Fuentes",
"given_name": "Santiago Navarro"
},
{
"family_name": "Neilsen",
"given_name": "Joey",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8247-786X"
},
{
"family_name": "Ni",
"given_name": "Chunchong",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1361-5699"
},
{
"family_name": "Nowak",
"given_name": "Michael A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6923-1315"
},
{
"family_name": "Oh",
"given_name": "Junghwan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4991-9638"
},
{
"family_name": "Okino",
"given_name": "Hiroki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3779-2016"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez",
"given_name": "H\u00e9ctor Ra\u00fal Olivares",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6833-7580"
},
{
"family_name": "Oyama",
"given_name": "Tomoaki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4046-2923"
},
{
"family_name": "\u00d6zel",
"given_name": "Feryal",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4413-1523"
},
{
"family_name": "Palumbo",
"given_name": "Daniel C. M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7179-3816"
},
{
"family_name": "Paraschos",
"given_name": "Georgios Filippos",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6757-3098"
},
{
"family_name": "Park",
"given_name": "Jongho",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6558-9053"
},
{
"family_name": "Parsons",
"given_name": "Harriet",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6327-3423"
},
{
"family_name": "Patel",
"given_name": "Nimesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6021-9421"
},
{
"family_name": "Pen",
"given_name": "Ue-Li",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2155-9578"
},
{
"family_name": "Pesce",
"given_name": "Dominic W.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5278-9221"
},
{
"family_name": "Pi\u00e9tu",
"given_name": "Vincent"
},
{
"family_name": "Plavin",
"given_name": "Alexander",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2914-8554"
},
{
"family_name": "PopStefanija",
"given_name": "Aleksandar"
},
{
"family_name": "Porth",
"given_name": "Oliver",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4584-2557"
},
{
"family_name": "Prather",
"given_name": "Ben",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0393-7734"
},
{
"family_name": "Principe",
"given_name": "Giacomo",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0406-7387"
},
{
"family_name": "Psaltis",
"given_name": "Dimitrios",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1035-3240"
},
{
"family_name": "Pu",
"given_name": "Hung-Yi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9270-8812"
},
{
"family_name": "Rahlin",
"given_name": "Alexandra",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3953-1776"
},
{
"family_name": "Ramakrishnan",
"given_name": "Venkatessh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9248-086X"
},
{
"family_name": "Rao",
"given_name": "Ramprasad",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1407-7944"
},
{
"family_name": "Rawlings",
"given_name": "Mark G.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6529-202X"
},
{
"family_name": "Rezzolla",
"given_name": "Luciano",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1330-7103"
},
{
"family_name": "Ricarte",
"given_name": "Angelo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5287-0452"
},
{
"family_name": "Ricci",
"given_name": "Luca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4175-3194"
},
{
"family_name": "Ripperda",
"given_name": "Bart",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7301-3908"
},
{
"family_name": "R\u00f6der",
"given_name": "Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2426-927X"
},
{
"family_name": "Roelofs",
"given_name": "Freek",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5461-3687"
},
{
"family_name": "Romero-Ca\u00f1izales",
"given_name": "Cristina",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6301-9073"
},
{
"family_name": "Ros",
"given_name": "Eduardo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9503-4892"
},
{
"family_name": "Roshanineshat",
"given_name": "Arash",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8280-9238"
},
{
"family_name": "Rottmann",
"given_name": "Helge"
},
{
"family_name": "Roy",
"given_name": "Alan L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1931-0135"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruiz",
"given_name": "Ignacio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0965-5463"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruszczyk",
"given_name": "Chet",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7278-9707"
},
{
"family_name": "Rygl",
"given_name": "Kazi L. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4146-9043"
},
{
"family_name": "Salas",
"given_name": "Le\u00f3n D. S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1979-6363"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez",
"given_name": "Salvador",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8042-5951"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Arg\u00fcelles",
"given_name": "David",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7344-9920"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Portal",
"given_name": "Miguel",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0981-9664"
},
{
"family_name": "Sasada",
"given_name": "Mahito",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5946-9960"
},
{
"family_name": "Satapathy",
"given_name": "Kaushik",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0433-3585"
},
{
"family_name": "Saurabh",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7156-4848"
},
{
"family_name": "Savolainen",
"given_name": "Tuomas",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6214-1085"
},
{
"family_name": "Peter Schloerb",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Schonfeld",
"given_name": "Jonathan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8909-2401"
},
{
"family_name": "Schuster",
"given_name": "Karl-Friedrich",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2890-9454"
},
{
"family_name": "Shao",
"given_name": "Lijing",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1334-8853"
},
{
"family_name": "Shen",
"given_name": "Zhiqiang",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3540-8746"
},
{
"family_name": "Silpa",
"given_name": "Sasikumar",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0667-7074"
},
{
"family_name": "Small",
"given_name": "Des",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3723-5404"
},
{
"family_name": "Smith",
"given_name": "Randall",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4284-4167"
},
{
"family_name": "Sohn",
"given_name": "Bong Won",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4148-8378"
},
{
"family_name": "SooHoo",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1938-0720"
},
{
"family_name": "Souccar",
"given_name": "Kamal",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7915-5272"
},
{
"family_name": "Stanway",
"given_name": "Joshua S.",
"orcid": "0009-0003-7659-4642"
},
{
"family_name": "Sun",
"given_name": "He",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1526-6787"
},
{
"family_name": "Tazaki",
"given_name": "Fumie",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0236-0600"
},
{
"family_name": "Tetarenko",
"given_name": "Alexandra J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3906-4354"
},
{
"family_name": "Tiede",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3826-5648"
},
{
"family_name": "Tilanus",
"given_name": "Remo P. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6514-553X"
},
{
"family_name": "Titus",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9001-3275"
},
{
"family_name": "Toma",
"given_name": "Kenji",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7114-6010"
},
{
"family_name": "Torne",
"given_name": "Pablo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8700-6058"
},
{
"family_name": "Toscano",
"given_name": "Teresa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3658-7862"
},
{
"family_name": "Traianou",
"given_name": "Efthalia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1209-6500"
},
{
"family_name": "Trent",
"given_name": "Tyler"
},
{
"family_name": "Trippe",
"given_name": "Sascha",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0465-1559"
},
{
"family_name": "Turk",
"given_name": "Matthew",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5294-0198"
},
{
"family_name": "van Bemmel",
"given_name": "Ilse",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5473-2950"
},
{
"family_name": "van Langevelde",
"given_name": "Huib Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0230-5946"
},
{
"family_name": "van Rossum",
"given_name": "Daniel R.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7772-6131"
},
{
"family_name": "von Fellenberg",
"given_name": "Sebastiano D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9156-2249"
},
{
"family_name": "Vos",
"given_name": "Jesse",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3349-7394"
},
{
"family_name": "Wagner",
"given_name": "Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1105-6109"
},
{
"family_name": "Ward-Thompson",
"given_name": "Derek",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1140-2761"
},
{
"family_name": "Wardle",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8960-2942"
},
{
"family_name": "Washington",
"given_name": "Jasmin E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7046-0470"
},
{
"family_name": "Weintroub",
"given_name": "Jonathan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4603-5204"
},
{
"family_name": "West",
"given_name": "Andrew T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5471-4709"
},
{
"family_name": "Wharton",
"given_name": "Robert",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7416-5209"
},
{
"family_name": "Wielgus",
"given_name": "Maciek",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8635-4242"
},
{
"family_name": "Wiik",
"given_name": "Kaj",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0862-3398"
},
{
"family_name": "Witzel",
"given_name": "Gunther",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2618-797X"
},
{
"family_name": "Wondrak",
"given_name": "Michael F.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6894-1072"
},
{
"family_name": "Wong",
"given_name": "George N.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6952-2147"
},
{
"family_name": "Wongphexhauxsorn",
"given_name": "Jompoj",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7730-4956"
},
{
"family_name": "Wu",
"given_name": "Qingwen",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4773-4987"
},
{
"family_name": "Yadlapalli",
"given_name": "Nitika",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3255-4617",
"clpid": "Yadlapalli-Nitika"
},
{
"family_name": "Yamaguchi",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6017-8199"
},
{
"family_name": "Yfantis",
"given_name": "Aristomenis",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3244-7072"
},
{
"family_name": "Yoon",
"given_name": "Doosoo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8694-8166"
},
{
"family_name": "Young",
"given_name": "Andr\u00e9",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0000-2682"
},
{
"family_name": "Younsi",
"given_name": "Ziri",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9283-1191"
},
{
"family_name": "Yu",
"given_name": "Wei",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5168-6052"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan",
"given_name": "Feng",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3564-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan",
"given_name": "Ye-Fei",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7330-4756"
},
{
"family_name": "Zeng",
"given_name": "Ai-Ling",
"orcid": "0009-0000-9427-4608"
},
{
"family_name": "Anton Zensus",
"given_name": "J.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7470-3321"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhang",
"given_name": "Shuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2967-790X"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhao",
"given_name": "Guang-Yao",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4417-1659"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhao",
"given_name": "Shan-Shan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9774-3606"
},
{
"family_name": "Berthold",
"given_name": "Ryan"
},
{
"family_name": "Chang",
"given_name": "Shu-Hao"
},
{
"family_name": "Chilson",
"given_name": "Ryan"
},
{
"family_name": "Han",
"given_name": "Chih-Chiang"
},
{
"family_name": "Gale",
"given_name": "David M."
},
{
"family_name": "Geertsema",
"given_name": "Gertie",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3933-0069"
},
{
"family_name": "Hern\u00e1ndez-Rebollar",
"given_name": "Jos\u00e9 Luis"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang",
"given_name": "Yau-De",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8783-6211"
},
{
"family_name": "Keenan",
"given_name": "Ryan P.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1859-9640"
},
{
"family_name": "Kubo",
"given_name": "Derek",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9793-2933"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu",
"given_name": "Kuan-Yu",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9699-9685"
},
{
"family_name": "Martin-Cocher",
"given_name": "Pierre L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2702-9802"
},
{
"family_name": "Michalik",
"given_name": "Daniel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7618-6556"
},
{
"family_name": "Monta\u00f1a",
"given_name": "Alfredo"
},
{
"family_name": "Nadolski",
"given_name": "Andrew",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9479-9957"
},
{
"family_name": "Oshiro",
"given_name": "Peter"
},
{
"family_name": "Raffin",
"given_name": "Philippe A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8111-9051"
},
{
"family_name": "Rodr\u00edguez-Montoya",
"given_name": "Iv\u00e1n"
},
{
"family_name": "Wei",
"given_name": "Ta-Shun"
},
{
"family_name": "Young",
"given_name": "Matthew R.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1090-1673"
},
{
"literal": "The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "We report three epochs of polarized images of M87* at 230 GHz using data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) taken in 2017, 2018, and 2021. The baseline coverage of the 2021 observations is significantly improved through the addition of two new EHT stations: the 12 m Kitt Peak Telescope and the Northern Extended Millimetre Array (NOEMA). All observations result in images dominated by a bright, asymmetric ring with a persistent diameter of 43.9\u2005±\u20050.6\u2006μas, consistent with expectations for lensed synchrotron emission encircling the apparent shadow of a supermassive black hole. We find that the total intensity and linear polarization of M87* vary significantly across the three epochs. Specifically, the azimuthal brightness distribution of the total intensity images varies from year to year, as expected for a stochastic accretion flow. However, despite a gamma-ray flare erupting in M87 quasi-contemporaneously to the 2018 observations, the 2018 and 2021 images look remarkably similar. The resolved linear polarization fractions in 2018 and 2021 peak at ∼5%, compared to ∼15% in 2017. The spiral polarization pattern on the ring also varies from year to year, including a change in the electric vector position angle helicity in 2021 that could reflect changes in the magnetized accretion flow or an external Faraday screen. The improved 2021 coverage also provides the first EHT constraints on jet emission outside the ring, on scales of \u22721 mas. Overall, these observations provide strong proof of the reliability of the EHT images and probe the dynamic properties of the horizon-scale accretion flow surrounding M87*.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202555855",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2025-12",
"volume": "704",
"pages": "A91"
},
{
"id": "authors:kps5a-z4p77",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "kps5a-z4p77",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kps5a-z4p77",
"type": "article",
"title": "A multifrequency study of sub-parsec jets with the Event Horizon Telescope",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "R\u00f6der",
"given_name": "Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2426-927X"
},
{
"family_name": "Wielgus",
"given_name": "Maciek",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8635-4242"
},
{
"family_name": "Lobanov",
"given_name": "Andrei P.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1622-1484"
},
{
"family_name": "Krichbaum",
"given_name": "Thomas P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4892-9586"
},
{
"family_name": "Nair",
"given_name": "Dhanya G.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5357-7805"
},
{
"family_name": "Lee",
"given_name": "Sang-Sung",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6269-594X"
},
{
"family_name": "Ros",
"given_name": "Eduardo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9503-4892"
},
{
"family_name": "Fish",
"given_name": "Vincent L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7128-9345"
},
{
"family_name": "Blackburn",
"given_name": "Lindy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9030-642X"
},
{
"family_name": "Chan",
"given_name": "Chi-kwan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6337-6126"
},
{
"family_name": "Issaoun",
"given_name": "Sara",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5297-921X"
},
{
"family_name": "Janssen",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8685-6544"
},
{
"family_name": "Johnson",
"given_name": "Michael D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4120-3029"
},
{
"family_name": "Doeleman",
"given_name": "Sheperd S.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9031-0904"
},
{
"family_name": "Bower",
"given_name": "Geoffrey C.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4056-9982"
},
{
"family_name": "Crew",
"given_name": "Geoffrey B.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2079-3189"
},
{
"family_name": "Tilanus",
"given_name": "Remo P. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6514-553X"
},
{
"family_name": "Savolainen",
"given_name": "Tuomas",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6214-1085"
},
{
"family_name": "Violette Impellizzeri",
"given_name": "C. M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3443-2472"
},
{
"family_name": "Alberdi",
"given_name": "Antxon",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9371-1033"
},
{
"family_name": "Baczko",
"given_name": "Anne-Kathrin",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3090-3975"
},
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez",
"given_name": "Jos\u00e9 L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4190-7613"
},
{
"family_name": "Lu",
"given_name": "Ru-Sen",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7692-7967"
},
{
"family_name": "Paraschos",
"given_name": "Georgios F.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6757-3098"
},
{
"family_name": "Traianou",
"given_name": "Efthalia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1209-6500"
},
{
"family_name": "Goddi",
"given_name": "Ciriaco",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2542-7743"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Daewon",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4997-2153"
},
{
"family_name": "Lisakov",
"given_name": "Mikhail",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6088-3819"
},
{
"family_name": "Kovalev",
"given_name": "Yuri Y.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9303-3263"
},
{
"family_name": "Voitsik",
"given_name": "Petr A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1290-1629"
},
{
"family_name": "Sokolovsky",
"given_name": "Kirill V.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5991-6863"
},
{
"family_name": "Akiyama",
"given_name": "Kazunori",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9475-4254"
},
{
"family_name": "Albentosa-Ru\u00edz",
"given_name": "Ezequiel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7816-6401"
},
{
"family_name": "Alef",
"given_name": "Walter"
},
{
"family_name": "Algaba",
"given_name": "Juan Carlos",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6993-1696"
},
{
"family_name": "Anantua",
"given_name": "Richard",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3457-7660"
},
{
"family_name": "Asada",
"given_name": "Keiichi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6988-8763"
},
{
"family_name": "Azulay",
"given_name": "Rebecca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2200-5393"
},
{
"family_name": "Bach",
"given_name": "Uwe",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7722-8412"
},
{
"family_name": "Ball",
"given_name": "David",
"orcid": "0009-0009-2348-6879"
},
{
"family_name": "Balokovi\u0107",
"given_name": "Mislav",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0476-6647"
},
{
"family_name": "Bandyopadhyay",
"given_name": "Bidisha",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2138-8564"
},
{
"family_name": "Barrett",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9290-0764"
},
{
"family_name": "Baub\u00f6ck",
"given_name": "Michi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5518-2812"
},
{
"family_name": "Benson",
"given_name": "Bradford A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5108-6823"
},
{
"family_name": "Bintley",
"given_name": "Dan"
},
{
"family_name": "Blundell",
"given_name": "Raymond",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5929-5857"
},
{
"family_name": "Bouman",
"given_name": "Katherine L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0077-4367",
"clpid": "Bouman-K-L"
},
{
"family_name": "Bremer",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7511-3745"
},
{
"family_name": "Brinkerink",
"given_name": "Christiaan D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2322-0749"
},
{
"family_name": "Brissenden",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2556-0894"
},
{
"family_name": "Britzen",
"given_name": "Silke",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9240-6734"
},
{
"family_name": "Broderick",
"given_name": "Avery E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3351-760X"
},
{
"family_name": "Broguiere",
"given_name": "Dominique",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9151-6683"
},
{
"family_name": "Bronzwaer",
"given_name": "Thomas",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1151-3971"
},
{
"family_name": "Bustamante",
"given_name": "Sandra",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6169-1894"
},
{
"family_name": "Byun",
"given_name": "Do-Young",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1157-4109"
},
{
"family_name": "Carlstrom",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2044-7665"
},
{
"family_name": "Ceccobello",
"given_name": "Chiara",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4767-9925"
},
{
"family_name": "Chael",
"given_name": "Andrew",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2966-6220"
},
{
"family_name": "Chang",
"given_name": "Dominic O.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9939-5257"
},
{
"family_name": "Chatterjee",
"given_name": "Koushik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2825-3590"
},
{
"family_name": "Chatterjee",
"given_name": "Shami",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2878-1502"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen",
"given_name": "Ming-Tang",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6573-3318"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen",
"given_name": "Yongjun",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5650-6770"
},
{
"family_name": "Cheng",
"given_name": "Xiaopeng",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4407-9868"
},
{
"family_name": "Cho",
"given_name": "Ilje",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6083-7521"
},
{
"family_name": "Christian",
"given_name": "Pierre",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6820-9941"
},
{
"family_name": "Conroy",
"given_name": "Nicholas S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2886-2377"
},
{
"family_name": "Conway",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2448-9181"
},
{
"family_name": "Cordes",
"given_name": "James M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4049-1882"
},
{
"family_name": "Crawford",
"given_name": "Thomas M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9000-5013"
},
{
"family_name": "Cruz-Osorio",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3945-6342"
},
{
"family_name": "Cui",
"given_name": "Yuzhu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6311-4345"
},
{
"family_name": "Curd",
"given_name": "Brandon",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8650-0879"
},
{
"family_name": "Dahale",
"given_name": "Rohan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6982-9034"
},
{
"family_name": "Davelaar",
"given_name": "Jordy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2685-2434"
},
{
"family_name": "De Laurentis",
"given_name": "Mariafelicia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9945-682X"
},
{
"family_name": "Deane",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1027-5043"
},
{
"family_name": "Dempsey",
"given_name": "Jessica",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1269-9667"
},
{
"family_name": "Desvignes",
"given_name": "Gregory",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3922-4055"
},
{
"family_name": "Dexter",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3903-0373"
},
{
"family_name": "Dhruv",
"given_name": "Vedant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6765-877X"
},
{
"family_name": "Dihingia",
"given_name": "Indu K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4064-0446"
},
{
"family_name": "Dougall",
"given_name": "Sean Taylor",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3769-1314"
},
{
"family_name": "Dzib",
"given_name": "Sergio A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6010-6200"
},
{
"family_name": "Eatough",
"given_name": "Ralph P.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6196-4135"
},
{
"family_name": "Emami",
"given_name": "Razieh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2791-5011"
},
{
"family_name": "Falcke",
"given_name": "Heino",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2526-6724"
},
{
"family_name": "Farah",
"given_name": "Joseph",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4914-5625"
},
{
"family_name": "Fomalont",
"given_name": "Edward",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9036-2747"
},
{
"family_name": "Alyson Ford",
"given_name": "H.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9797-0972"
},
{
"family_name": "Foschi",
"given_name": "Marianna",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8147-4993"
},
{
"family_name": "Fraga-Encinas",
"given_name": "Raquel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5222-1361"
},
{
"family_name": "Freeman",
"given_name": "William T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2231-7995"
},
{
"family_name": "Friberg",
"given_name": "Per",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8010-8454"
},
{
"family_name": "Fromm",
"given_name": "Christian M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1827-1656"
},
{
"family_name": "Fuentes",
"given_name": "Antonio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8773-4933"
},
{
"family_name": "Galison",
"given_name": "Peter",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6429-3872"
},
{
"family_name": "Gammie",
"given_name": "Charles F.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7451-8935"
},
{
"family_name": "Garc\u00eda",
"given_name": "Roberto",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6584-7443"
},
{
"family_name": "Gentaz",
"given_name": "Olivier",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0115-4605"
},
{
"family_name": "Georgiev",
"given_name": "Boris",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3586-6424"
},
{
"family_name": "Gold",
"given_name": "Roman",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2492-1966"
},
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez-Ruiz",
"given_name": "Arturo I.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9395-1670"
},
{
"family_name": "Gu",
"given_name": "Minfeng",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4455-6946"
},
{
"family_name": "Gurwell",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0685-3621"
},
{
"family_name": "Hada",
"given_name": "Kazuhiro",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6906-772X"
},
{
"family_name": "Haggard",
"given_name": "Daryl",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6803-2138"
},
{
"family_name": "Haworth",
"given_name": "Kari"
},
{
"family_name": "Hecht",
"given_name": "Michael H.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4114-4583"
},
{
"family_name": "Hesper",
"given_name": "Ronald",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1918-6098"
},
{
"family_name": "Heumann",
"given_name": "Dirk",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7671-0047"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho",
"given_name": "Luis C.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6947-5846"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3412-4306"
},
{
"family_name": "Honma",
"given_name": "Mareki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4058-9000"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang",
"given_name": "Chih-Wei L.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5641-3953"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang",
"given_name": "Lei",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1923-227X"
},
{
"family_name": "Hughes",
"given_name": "David H."
},
{
"family_name": "Ikeda",
"given_name": "Shiro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2462-1448"
},
{
"family_name": "Inoue",
"given_name": "Makoto",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5037-3989"
},
{
"family_name": "James",
"given_name": "David J.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5160-4486"
},
{
"family_name": "Jannuzi",
"given_name": "Buell T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1578-6582"
},
{
"family_name": "Jeter",
"given_name": "Britton",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2847-1712"
},
{
"family_name": "Jiang",
"given_name": "Wu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7369-3539"
},
{
"family_name": "Jim\u00e9nez-Rosales",
"given_name": "Alejandra",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2662-3754"
},
{
"family_name": "Jorstad",
"given_name": "Svetlana",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6158-1708"
},
{
"family_name": "Joshi",
"given_name": "Abhishek V.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2514-5965"
},
{
"family_name": "Jung",
"given_name": "Taehyun",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7003-8643"
},
{
"family_name": "Karami",
"given_name": "Mansour",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7387-9333"
},
{
"family_name": "Karuppusamy",
"given_name": "Ramesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5307-2919"
},
{
"family_name": "Kawashima",
"given_name": "Tomohisa",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8527-0496"
},
{
"family_name": "Keating",
"given_name": "Garrett K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3490-146X"
},
{
"family_name": "Kettenis",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6156-5617"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Dong-Jin",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7038-2118"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jae-Young",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8229-7183"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jongsoo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1229-0426"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Junhan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4274-9373"
},
{
"family_name": "Kino",
"given_name": "Motoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2709-7338"
},
{
"family_name": "Yi Koay",
"given_name": "Jun",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7029-6658"
},
{
"family_name": "Kocherlakota",
"given_name": "Prashant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7386-7439"
},
{
"family_name": "Kofuji",
"given_name": "Yutaro"
},
{
"family_name": "Koyama",
"given_name": "Shoko",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3723-3372"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Carsten",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4908-4925"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Joana A.",
"orcid": "0009-0003-3011-0454"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4175-2271"
},
{
"family_name": "Kuo",
"given_name": "Cheng-Yu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6211-5581"
},
{
"family_name": "La Bella",
"given_name": "Noemi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8116-9427"
},
{
"family_name": "Lauer",
"given_name": "Tod R.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3234-7247"
},
{
"family_name": "Lee",
"given_name": "Daeyoung",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3350-5588"
},
{
"family_name": "Leung",
"given_name": "Po Kin",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8802-8256"
},
{
"family_name": "Levis",
"given_name": "Aviad",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7307-632X",
"clpid": "Levis-Aviad"
},
{
"family_name": "Li",
"given_name": "Zhiyuan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0355-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Lico",
"given_name": "Rocco",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7361-2460"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindahl",
"given_name": "Greg",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6100-4772"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindqvist",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3669-0715"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu",
"given_name": "Jun",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7615-7499"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu",
"given_name": "Kuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2953-7376"
},
{
"family_name": "Liuzzo",
"given_name": "Elisabetta",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0995-5201"
},
{
"family_name": "Lo",
"given_name": "Wen-Ping",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1869-2503"
},
{
"family_name": "Loinard",
"given_name": "Laurent",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5635-3345"
},
{
"family_name": "Lonsdale",
"given_name": "Colin J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4062-4654"
},
{
"family_name": "Lowitz",
"given_name": "Amy E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4747-4276"
},
{
"family_name": "MacDonald",
"given_name": "Nicholas R.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6684-8691"
},
{
"family_name": "Mao",
"given_name": "Jirong",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7077-7195"
},
{
"family_name": "Marchili",
"given_name": "Nicola",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5523-7588"
},
{
"family_name": "Markoff",
"given_name": "Sera",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9564-0876"
},
{
"family_name": "Marrone",
"given_name": "Daniel P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2367-1080"
},
{
"family_name": "Marscher",
"given_name": "Alan P.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7396-3332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mart\u00ed-Vidal",
"given_name": "Iv\u00e1n",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3708-9611"
},
{
"family_name": "Matsushita",
"given_name": "Satoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2127-7880"
},
{
"family_name": "Matthews",
"given_name": "Lynn D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3728-8082"
},
{
"family_name": "Medeiros",
"given_name": "Lia",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2342-6728"
},
{
"family_name": "Menten",
"given_name": "Karl M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6459-0669"
},
{
"family_name": "Michalik",
"given_name": "Daniel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7618-6556"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Izumi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7210-6264"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Yosuke",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8131-6730"
},
{
"family_name": "Moran",
"given_name": "James M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3882-4414"
},
{
"family_name": "Moriyama",
"given_name": "Kotaro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1364-3761"
},
{
"family_name": "Moscibrodzka",
"given_name": "Monika",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4661-6332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mulaudzi",
"given_name": "Wanga",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4514-625X"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Cornelia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2739-2994"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Hendrik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9250-0197"
},
{
"family_name": "Mus",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0329-6874"
},
{
"family_name": "Musoke",
"given_name": "Gibwa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1984-189X"
},
{
"family_name": "Myserlis",
"given_name": "Ioannis",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3025-9497"
},
{
"family_name": "Nadolski",
"given_name": "Andrew",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9479-9957"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagai",
"given_name": "Hiroshi",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0292-3645"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagar",
"given_name": "Neil M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6920-662X"
},
{
"family_name": "Nakamura",
"given_name": "Masanori",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6081-2420"
},
{
"family_name": "Narayanan",
"given_name": "Gopal",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4723-6569"
},
{
"family_name": "Natarajan",
"given_name": "Iniyan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8242-4373"
},
{
"family_name": "Nathanail",
"given_name": "Antonios",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1655-9912"
},
{
"family_name": "Navarro Fuentes",
"given_name": "Santiago"
},
{
"family_name": "Neilsen",
"given_name": "Joey",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8247-786X"
},
{
"family_name": "Neri",
"given_name": "Roberto",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7176-4046"
},
{
"family_name": "Ni",
"given_name": "Chunchong",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1361-5699"
},
{
"family_name": "Noutsos",
"given_name": "Aristeidis",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4151-3860"
},
{
"family_name": "Nowak",
"given_name": "Michael A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6923-1315"
},
{
"family_name": "Oh",
"given_name": "Junghwan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4991-9638"
},
{
"family_name": "Okino",
"given_name": "Hiroki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3779-2016"
},
{
"family_name": "Olivares S\u00e1nchez",
"given_name": "H\u00e9ctor R.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6833-7580"
},
{
"family_name": "Ortiz-Le\u00f3n",
"given_name": "Gisela N.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2863-676X"
},
{
"family_name": "Oyama",
"given_name": "Tomoaki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4046-2923"
},
{
"family_name": "\u00d6zel",
"given_name": "Feryal",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4413-1523"
},
{
"family_name": "Palumbo",
"given_name": "Daniel C. M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7179-3816"
},
{
"family_name": "Park",
"given_name": "Jongho",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6558-9053"
},
{
"family_name": "Parsons",
"given_name": "Harriet",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6327-3423"
},
{
"family_name": "Patel",
"given_name": "Nimesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6021-9421"
},
{
"family_name": "Pen",
"given_name": "Ue-Li",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2155-9578"
},
{
"family_name": "Pesce",
"given_name": "Dominic W.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5278-9221"
},
{
"family_name": "Pi\u00e9tu",
"given_name": "Vincent",
"orcid": "0009-0006-3497-397X"
},
{
"family_name": "Plambeck",
"given_name": "Richard",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6765-9609"
},
{
"family_name": "PopStefanija",
"given_name": "Aleksandar",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1889-5450"
},
{
"family_name": "Porth",
"given_name": "Oliver",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4584-2557"
},
{
"family_name": "P\u00f6tzl",
"given_name": "Felix M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6579-8311"
},
{
"family_name": "Prather",
"given_name": "Ben",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0393-7734"
},
{
"family_name": "Preciado-L\u00f3pez",
"given_name": "Jorge A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4146-0113"
},
{
"family_name": "Principe",
"given_name": "Giacomo",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0406-7387"
},
{
"family_name": "Psaltis",
"given_name": "Dimitrios",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1035-3240"
},
{
"family_name": "Pu",
"given_name": "Hung-Yi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9270-8812"
},
{
"family_name": "Ramakrishnan",
"given_name": "Venkatessh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9248-086X"
},
{
"family_name": "Rao",
"given_name": "Ramprasad",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1407-7944"
},
{
"family_name": "Rawlings",
"given_name": "Mark G.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6529-202X"
},
{
"family_name": "Ricarte",
"given_name": "Angelo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5287-0452"
},
{
"family_name": "Ripperda",
"given_name": "Bart",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7301-3908"
},
{
"family_name": "Roelofs",
"given_name": "Freek",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5461-3687"
},
{
"family_name": "Rogers",
"given_name": "Alan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1941-7458"
},
{
"family_name": "Romero-Ca\u00f1izales",
"given_name": "Cristina",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6301-9073"
},
{
"family_name": "Roshanineshat",
"given_name": "Arash",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8280-9238"
},
{
"family_name": "Rottmann",
"given_name": "Helge",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1799-8228"
},
{
"family_name": "Roy",
"given_name": "Alan L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1931-0135"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruiz",
"given_name": "Ignacio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0965-5463"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruszczyk",
"given_name": "Chet",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7278-9707"
},
{
"family_name": "Rygl",
"given_name": "Kazi L. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4146-9043"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez",
"given_name": "Salvador",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8042-5951"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Arg\u00fcelles",
"given_name": "David",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7344-9920"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Portal",
"given_name": "Miguel",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0981-9664"
},
{
"family_name": "Sasada",
"given_name": "Mahito",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5946-9960"
},
{
"family_name": "Satapathy",
"given_name": "Kaushik",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0433-3585"
},
{
"family_name": "Peter Schloerb",
"given_name": "F."
},
{
"family_name": "Schonfeld",
"given_name": "Jonathan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8909-2401"
},
{
"family_name": "Schuster",
"given_name": "Karl-Friedrich",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2890-9454"
},
{
"family_name": "Shao",
"given_name": "Lijing",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1334-8853"
},
{
"family_name": "Shen",
"given_name": "Zhiqiang",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3540-8746"
},
{
"family_name": "Small",
"given_name": "Des",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3723-5404"
},
{
"family_name": "Sohn",
"given_name": "Bong Won",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4148-8378"
},
{
"family_name": "SooHoo",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1938-0720"
},
{
"family_name": "Sosapanta Salas",
"given_name": "Le\u00f3n David",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1979-6363"
},
{
"family_name": "Souccar",
"given_name": "Kamal",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7915-5272"
},
{
"family_name": "Stanway",
"given_name": "Joshua S.",
"orcid": "0009-0003-7659-4642"
},
{
"family_name": "Sun",
"given_name": "He",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1526-6787"
},
{
"family_name": "Tazaki",
"given_name": "Fumie",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0236-0600"
},
{
"family_name": "Tetarenko",
"given_name": "Alexandra J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3906-4354"
},
{
"family_name": "Tiede",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3826-5648"
},
{
"family_name": "Titus",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9001-3275"
},
{
"family_name": "Torne",
"given_name": "Pablo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8700-6058"
},
{
"family_name": "Toscano",
"given_name": "Teresa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3658-7862"
},
{
"family_name": "Trent",
"given_name": "Tyler",
"orcid": "0009-0004-8116-3123"
},
{
"family_name": "Trippe",
"given_name": "Sascha",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0465-1559"
},
{
"family_name": "Turk",
"given_name": "Matthew",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5294-0198"
},
{
"family_name": "van Bemmel",
"given_name": "Ilse",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5473-2950"
},
{
"family_name": "van Langevelde",
"given_name": "Huib J.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0230-5946"
},
{
"family_name": "van Rossum",
"given_name": "Daniel R.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7772-6131"
},
{
"family_name": "Vos",
"given_name": "Jesse",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3349-7394"
},
{
"family_name": "Wagner",
"given_name": "Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1105-6109"
},
{
"family_name": "Ward-Thompson",
"given_name": "Derek",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1140-2761"
},
{
"family_name": "Wardle",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8960-2942"
},
{
"family_name": "Washington",
"given_name": "Jasmin E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7046-0470"
},
{
"family_name": "Weintroub",
"given_name": "Jonathan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4603-5204"
},
{
"family_name": "Wharton",
"given_name": "Robert",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7416-5209"
},
{
"family_name": "Wiik",
"given_name": "Kaj",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0862-3398"
},
{
"family_name": "Witzel",
"given_name": "Gunther",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2618-797X"
},
{
"family_name": "Wondrak",
"given_name": "Michael F.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6894-1072"
},
{
"family_name": "Wong",
"given_name": "George N.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6952-2147"
},
{
"family_name": "Wu",
"given_name": "Qingwen",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4773-4987"
},
{
"family_name": "Yadlapalli",
"given_name": "Nitika",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3255-4617",
"clpid": "Yadlapalli-Nitika"
},
{
"family_name": "Yamaguchi",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6017-8199"
},
{
"family_name": "Yfantis",
"given_name": "Aristomenis",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3244-7072"
},
{
"family_name": "Yoon",
"given_name": "Doosoo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8694-8166"
},
{
"family_name": "Young",
"given_name": "Andr\u00e9",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0000-2682"
},
{
"family_name": "Young",
"given_name": "Ken",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3666-4920"
},
{
"family_name": "Younsi",
"given_name": "Ziri",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9283-1191"
},
{
"family_name": "Yu",
"given_name": "Wei",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5168-6052"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan",
"given_name": "Feng",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3564-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan",
"given_name": "Ye-Fei",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7330-4756"
},
{
"family_name": "Zensus",
"given_name": "J. Anton",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7470-3321"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhang",
"given_name": "Shuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2967-790X"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhao",
"given_name": "Guang-Yao",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4417-1659"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhao",
"given_name": "Shan-Shan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9774-3606"
}
],
"abstract": "Context. The 2017 observing campaign of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) delivered the first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images at the observing frequency of 230 GHz, leading to a number of unique studies on black holes and relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN). In total, eighteen sources were observed, including the main science targets, Sgr A* and M 87, and various calibrators. Sixteen sources were AGN.
\nAims. We investigated the morphology of the sixteen AGN in the EHT 2017 data set, focusing on the properties of the VLBI cores: size, flux density, and brightness temperature. We studied their dependence on the observing frequency in order to compare it with the Blandford-Königl (BK) jet model. In particular, we aimed to study the signatures of jet acceleration and magnetic energy conversion.
\nMethods. We modeled the source structure of seven AGN in the EHT 2017 data set using linearly polarized circular Gaussian components (1749+096, 1055+018, BL Lac, J0132–1654, J0006–0623, CTA 102, and 3C 454.3) and collected results for the other nine AGN from dedicated EHT publications, complemented by lower frequency data in the 2–86 GHz range. Combining these data into a multifrequency EHT+ data set, we studied the dependences of the VLBI core component flux density, size, and brightness temperature on the frequency measured in the AGN host frame (and hence on the distance from the central black hole), characterizing them with power law fits. We compared the observations with the BK jet model and estimated the magnetic field strength dependence on the distance from the central black hole.
\nResults. Our observations spanning event horizon to parsec scales indicate a deviation from the standard BK model, particularly in the decrease of the brightness temperature with the observing frequency. Only some of the discrepancies may be alleviated by tweaking the model parameters or the jet collimation profile. Either bulk acceleration of the jet material, energy transfer from the magnetic field to the particles, or both are required to explain the observations. For our sample, we estimate a general radial dependence of the Doppler factor δ\u2004∝\u2004r≤0.5. This interpretation is consistent with a magnetically accelerated sub-parsec jet. We also estimate a steep decrease of the magnetic field strength with radius B\u2004∝\u2004r−3, hinting at jet acceleration or efficient magnetic energy dissipation.
",
"doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202452600",
"issn": "0004-6361",
"publisher": "EDP Sciences",
"publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics",
"publication_date": "2025-03",
"volume": "695",
"pages": "A233"
},
{
"id": "authors:67k68-vvp90",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "67k68-vvp90",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/67k68-vvp90",
"type": "article",
"title": "Exoplanet Imaging via Differentiable Rendering",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "Feng",
"given_name": "Brandon Y.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7003-9128"
},
{
"family_name": "Ferrer-Ch\u00e1vez",
"given_name": "Rodrigo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2683-2396"
},
{
"family_name": "Levis",
"given_name": "Aviad",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7307-632X"
},
{
"family_name": "Wang",
"given_name": "Jason J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0774-6502"
},
{
"family_name": "Bouman",
"given_name": "Katherine L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0077-4367",
"clpid": "Bouman-K-L"
},
{
"family_name": "Freeman",
"given_name": "William T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2231-7995"
}
],
"abstract": "\n
\n
\n
Direct imaging of exoplanets is crucial for advancing our understanding of planetary systems beyond our solar system, but it faces significant challenges due to the high contrast between host stars and their planets. Wavefront aberrations introduce speckles in the telescope science images, which are patterns of diffracted starlight that can mimic the appearance of planets, complicating the detection of faint exoplanet signals. Traditional post-processing methods, operating primarily in the image intensity domain, do not integrate wavefront sensing data. These data, measured mainly for adaptive optics corrections, have been overlooked as a potential resource for post-processing, partly due to the challenge of the evolving nature of wavefront aberrations. In this paper, we present a differentiable rendering approach that leverages these wavefront sensing data to improve exoplanet detection. Our differentiable renderer models wave-based light propagation through a coronagraphic telescope system, allowing gradient-based optimization to significantly improve starlight subtraction and increase sensitivity to faint exoplanets. Simulation experiments based on the James Webb Space Telescope configuration demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving substantial improvements in contrast and planet detection limits. Our results showcase how the computational advancements enabled by differentiable rendering can revitalize previously underexploited wavefront data, opening new avenues for enhancing exoplanet imaging and characterization.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Compressed sensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI) seeks to recover visual information from subsampled measurements for diagnostic tasks. Traditional CS-MRI methods often separately address measurement subsampling, image reconstruction, and task prediction, resulting in a suboptimal end-to-end performance. In this work, we propose Tackle as a unified co-design framework for jointly optimizing subsampling, reconstruction, and prediction strategies for the performance on downstream tasks. The naïve approach of simply appending a task prediction module and training with a task-specific loss leads to suboptimal downstream performance. Instead, we develop a training procedure where a backbone architecture is first trained for a generic pre-training task (image reconstruction in our case), and then fine-tuned for different downstream tasks with a prediction head. Experimental results on multiple public MRI datasets show that Tackle achieves an improved performance on various tasks over traditional CS-MRI methods. We also demonstrate that Tackle is robust to distribution shifts by showing that it generalizes to a new dataset we experimentally collected using different acquisition setups from the training data. Without additional fine-tuning, Tackle leads to both numerical and visual improvements compared to existing baselines. We have further implemented a learned 4×-accelerated sequence on a Siemens 3T MRI Skyra scanner. Compared to the fully-sampling scan that takes 335 seconds, our optimized sequence only takes 84 seconds, achieving a four-fold time reduction as desired, while maintaining high performance.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Compressedsensing magnetic resonance imaging (CS-MRI) seeks to recover visual information from subsampled measurements for diagnostic tasks. Traditional CS-MRI methods often separately address measurement subsampling, image reconstruction, and task prediction, resulting in a suboptimal end-to-end performance. In this work, we propose Tackle as a unified co-design framework for jointly optimizing subsampling, reconstruction, and prediction strategies for the performance on downstream tasks. The naïve approach of simply appending a task prediction module and training with a task-specific loss leads to suboptimal downstream performance. Instead, we develop a training procedure where a backbone architecture is first trained for a generic pre-training task (image reconstruction in our case), and then fine-tuned for different downstream tasks with a prediction head. Experimental results on multiple public MRI datasets show that Tackle achieves an improved performance on various tasks over traditional CS-MRI methods. We also demonstrate that Tackle is robust to distribution shifts by showing that it generalizes to a new dataset we experimentally collected using different acquisition setups from the training data. Without additional fine-tuning, Tackle leads to both numerical and visual improvements compared to existing baselines. We have further implemented a learned 4×-accelerated sequence on a Siemens 3 T MRI Skyra scanner. Compared to the fully-sampling scan that takes 335 seconds, our optimized sequence only takes 84 seconds, achieving a four-fold time reduction as desired, while maintaining high performance.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
The interaction between the supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A*, and its accretion disk occasionally produces high-energy flares seen in X-ray, infrared and radio. One proposed mechanism that produces flares is the formation of compact, bright regions that appear within the accretion disk and close to the event horizon. Understanding these flares provides a window into accretion processes. Although sophisticated simulations predict the formation of these flares, their structure has yet to be recovered by observations. Here we show a three-dimensional reconstruction of an emission flare recovered from Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array light curves observed on 11 April 2017. Our recovery shows compact, bright regions at a distance of roughly six times the event horizon. Moreover, it suggests a clockwise rotation in a low-inclination orbital plane, consistent with prior studies by GRAVITY and the Event Horizon Telescope. To recover this emission structure, we solve an ill-posed tomography problem by integrating a neural three-dimensional representation with a gravitational model for black holes. Although the recovery is subject to, and sometimes sensitive to, the model assumptions, under physically motivated choices, our results are stable and our approach is successful on simulated data.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
High quality black hole videos can provide key evidence of astrophysical processes that single static images cannot provide. However, reconstructing a video of a black hole is a highly ill-posed problem, requiring additional structural constraints to produce a plausible solution. Traditional structural constraints on the spatial or temporal structure are subject to human bias. In our work, we adapt recently developed techniques to solve realistic black hole video reconstruction without direct priors on the spatial or temporal structure, mitigating human bias. In particular, we solve a set of per-frame imaging inverse problems by relying on the shared structure across different underlying frames of the black hole as regularization. We encode this shared structure through a deep generative neural network, requiring that the reconstructed frames all lie within the range of this shared generator. We demonstrate our framework on a set of synthetic measurements of a simulated video of the supermassive black hole M87*, showing that we can substantially outperform both traditional and modern imaging methods and even achieve a level of superresolution in the reconstructed frames.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is a rapidly-evolving medical imaging modality that combines optical absorption contrast with ultrasound imaging depth. One challenge in PAT is image reconstruction with inadequate acoustic signals due to limited sensor coverage or due to the density of the transducer array. Such cases call for solving an ill-posed inverse reconstruction problem. In this work, we use score-based diffusion models to solve the inverse problem of reconstructing an image from limited PAT measurements. The proposed approach allows us to incorporate an expressive prior learned by a diffusion model on simulated vessel structures while still being robust to varying transducer sparsity conditions.
\n
\n
\n
In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (\u03bb = 1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars\u2014which typically exhibit steep emission spectra\u2014are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (\u22722.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.
",
"doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/acf4f2",
"issn": "0004-637X",
"publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
"publication": "Astrophysical Journal",
"publication_date": "2023-12-10",
"series_number": "1",
"volume": "959",
"issue": "1",
"pages": "14"
},
{
"id": "authors:4ag3q-hkj63",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "4ag3q-hkj63",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4ag3q-hkj63",
"type": "article",
"title": "First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IX. Detection of Near-horizon Circular Polarization",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "Akiyama",
"given_name": "Kazunori",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9475-4254"
},
{
"family_name": "Alberdi",
"given_name": "Antxon",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9371-1033"
},
{
"family_name": "Alef",
"given_name": "Walter"
},
{
"family_name": "Algaba",
"given_name": "Juan Carlos",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6993-1696"
},
{
"family_name": "Anantua",
"given_name": "Richard",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3457-7660"
},
{
"family_name": "Asada",
"given_name": "Keiichi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6988-8763"
},
{
"family_name": "Azulay",
"given_name": "Rebecca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2200-5393"
},
{
"family_name": "Bach",
"given_name": "Uwe",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7722-8412"
},
{
"family_name": "Baczko",
"given_name": "Anne-Kathrin",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3090-3975"
},
{
"family_name": "Ball",
"given_name": "David",
"orcid": "0009-0009-2348-6879"
},
{
"family_name": "Balokovi\u0107",
"given_name": "Mislav",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0476-6647"
},
{
"family_name": "Barrett",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9290-0764"
},
{
"family_name": "Baub\u00f6ck",
"given_name": "Michi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5518-2812"
},
{
"family_name": "Benson",
"given_name": "Bradford A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5108-6823"
},
{
"family_name": "Bintley",
"given_name": "Dan"
},
{
"family_name": "Blackburn",
"given_name": "Lindy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9030-642X"
},
{
"family_name": "Blundell",
"given_name": "Raymond",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5929-5857"
},
{
"family_name": "Bouman",
"given_name": "Katherine L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0077-4367",
"clpid": "Bouman-K-L"
},
{
"family_name": "Bower",
"given_name": "Geoffrey C.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4056-9982"
},
{
"family_name": "Boyce",
"given_name": "Hope",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6530-5783"
},
{
"family_name": "Bremer",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7511-3745"
},
{
"family_name": "Brinkerink",
"given_name": "Christiaan D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2322-0749"
},
{
"family_name": "Brissenden",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2556-0894"
},
{
"family_name": "Britzen",
"given_name": "Silke",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9240-6734"
},
{
"family_name": "Broderick",
"given_name": "Avery E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3351-760X"
},
{
"family_name": "Broguiere",
"given_name": "Dominique",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9151-6683"
},
{
"family_name": "Bronzwaer",
"given_name": "Thomas",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1151-3971"
},
{
"family_name": "Bustamante",
"given_name": "Sandra",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6169-1894"
},
{
"family_name": "Byun",
"given_name": "Do-Young",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1157-4109"
},
{
"family_name": "Carlstrom",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2044-7665"
},
{
"family_name": "Ceccobello",
"given_name": "Chiara",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4767-9925"
},
{
"family_name": "Chael",
"given_name": "Andrew",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2966-6220"
},
{
"family_name": "Chan",
"given_name": "Chi-kwan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6337-6126"
},
{
"family_name": "Chang",
"given_name": "Dominic O.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9939-5257"
},
{
"family_name": "Chatterjee",
"given_name": "Koushik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2825-3590"
},
{
"family_name": "Chatterjee",
"given_name": "Shami",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2878-1502"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen",
"given_name": "Ming-Tang",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6573-3318"
},
{
"family_name": "Chen \u9648",
"given_name": "Yongjun \u6c38\u519b",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5650-6770"
},
{
"family_name": "Cheng",
"given_name": "Xiaopeng",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4407-9868"
},
{
"family_name": "Cho",
"given_name": "Ilje",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6083-7521"
},
{
"family_name": "Christian",
"given_name": "Pierre",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6820-9941"
},
{
"family_name": "Conroy",
"given_name": "Nicholas S.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2886-2377"
},
{
"family_name": "Conway",
"given_name": "John E.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2448-9181"
},
{
"family_name": "Cordes",
"given_name": "James M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4049-1882"
},
{
"family_name": "Crawford",
"given_name": "Thomas M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9000-5013"
},
{
"family_name": "Crew",
"given_name": "Geoffrey B.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2079-3189"
},
{
"family_name": "Cruz-Osorio",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3945-6342"
},
{
"family_name": "Cui \u5d14",
"given_name": "Yuzhu \u7389\u7af9",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6311-4345"
},
{
"family_name": "Dahale",
"given_name": "Rohan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6982-9034"
},
{
"family_name": "Davelaar",
"given_name": "Jordy",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2685-2434"
},
{
"family_name": "De Laurentis",
"given_name": "Mariafelicia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9945-682X"
},
{
"family_name": "Deane",
"given_name": "Roger",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1027-5043"
},
{
"family_name": "Dempsey",
"given_name": "Jessica",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1269-9667"
},
{
"family_name": "Desvignes",
"given_name": "Gregory",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3922-4055"
},
{
"family_name": "Dexter",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3903-0373"
},
{
"family_name": "Dhruv",
"given_name": "Vedant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6765-877X"
},
{
"family_name": "Doeleman",
"given_name": "Sheperd S.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9031-0904"
},
{
"family_name": "Dougal",
"given_name": "Sean",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3769-1314"
},
{
"family_name": "Dzib",
"given_name": "Sergio A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6010-6200"
},
{
"family_name": "Eatough",
"given_name": "Ralph P.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6196-4135"
},
{
"family_name": "Emami",
"given_name": "Razieh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2791-5011"
},
{
"family_name": "Falcke",
"given_name": "Heino",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2526-6724"
},
{
"family_name": "Farah",
"given_name": "Joseph",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4914-5625"
},
{
"family_name": "Fish",
"given_name": "Vincent L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7128-9345"
},
{
"family_name": "Fomalont",
"given_name": "Ed",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9036-2747"
},
{
"family_name": "Ford",
"given_name": "H. Alyson",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9797-0972"
},
{
"family_name": "Foschi",
"given_name": "Marianna",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8147-4993"
},
{
"family_name": "Fraga-Encinas",
"given_name": "Raquel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5222-1361"
},
{
"family_name": "Freeman",
"given_name": "William T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2231-7995"
},
{
"family_name": "Friberg",
"given_name": "Per",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8010-8454"
},
{
"family_name": "Fromm",
"given_name": "Christian M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1827-1656"
},
{
"family_name": "Fuentes",
"given_name": "Antonio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8773-4933"
},
{
"family_name": "Galison",
"given_name": "Peter",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6429-3872"
},
{
"family_name": "Gammie",
"given_name": "Charles F.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7451-8935"
},
{
"family_name": "Garc\u00eda",
"given_name": "Roberto",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6584-7443"
},
{
"family_name": "Gentaz",
"given_name": "Olivier",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0115-4605"
},
{
"family_name": "Georgiev",
"given_name": "Boris",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3586-6424"
},
{
"family_name": "Goddi",
"given_name": "Ciriaco",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2542-7743"
},
{
"family_name": "Gold",
"given_name": "Roman",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2492-1966"
},
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez-Ruiz",
"given_name": "Arturo I.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9395-1670"
},
{
"family_name": "G\u00f3mez",
"given_name": "Jos\u00e9 L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4190-7613"
},
{
"family_name": "Gu \u987e",
"given_name": "Minfeng \u654f\u5cf0",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4455-6946"
},
{
"family_name": "Gurwell",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0685-3621"
},
{
"family_name": "Hada",
"given_name": "Kazuhiro",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6906-772X"
},
{
"family_name": "Haggard",
"given_name": "Daryl",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6803-2138"
},
{
"family_name": "Haworth",
"given_name": "Kari"
},
{
"family_name": "Hecht",
"given_name": "Michael H.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4114-4583"
},
{
"family_name": "Hesper",
"given_name": "Ronald",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1918-6098"
},
{
"family_name": "Heumann",
"given_name": "Dirk",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7671-0047"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho \u4f55",
"given_name": "Luis C. \u5b50\u5c71",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6947-5846"
},
{
"family_name": "Ho",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3412-4306"
},
{
"family_name": "Honma",
"given_name": "Mareki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4058-9000"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang",
"given_name": "Chih-Wei L.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5641-3953"
},
{
"family_name": "Huang \u9ec4",
"given_name": "Lei \u78ca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1923-227X"
},
{
"family_name": "Hughes",
"given_name": "David H."
},
{
"family_name": "Ikeda",
"given_name": "Shiro",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2462-1448"
},
{
"family_name": "Impellizzeri",
"given_name": "C. M. Violette",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3443-2472"
},
{
"family_name": "Inoue",
"given_name": "Makoto",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5037-3989"
},
{
"family_name": "Issaoun",
"given_name": "Sara",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5297-921X"
},
{
"family_name": "James",
"given_name": "David J.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5160-4486"
},
{
"family_name": "Jannuzi",
"given_name": "Buell T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1578-6582"
},
{
"family_name": "Janssen",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8685-6544"
},
{
"family_name": "Jeter",
"given_name": "Britton",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2847-1712"
},
{
"family_name": "Jiang \u6c5f",
"given_name": "Wu \u609f",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7369-3539"
},
{
"family_name": "Jim\u00e9nez-Rosales",
"given_name": "Alejandra",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2662-3754"
},
{
"family_name": "Johnson",
"given_name": "Michael D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4120-3029"
},
{
"family_name": "Jorstad",
"given_name": "Svetlana",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6158-1708"
},
{
"family_name": "Joshi",
"given_name": "Abhishek V.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2514-5965"
},
{
"family_name": "Jung",
"given_name": "Taehyun",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7003-8643"
},
{
"family_name": "Karami",
"given_name": "Mansour",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7387-9333"
},
{
"family_name": "Karuppusamy",
"given_name": "Ramesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5307-2919"
},
{
"family_name": "Kawashima",
"given_name": "Tomohisa",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8527-0496"
},
{
"family_name": "Keating",
"given_name": "Garrett K.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3490-146X"
},
{
"family_name": "Kettenis",
"given_name": "Mark",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6156-5617"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Dong-Jin",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7038-2118"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jae-Young",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8229-7183"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Jongsoo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1229-0426"
},
{
"family_name": "Kim",
"given_name": "Junhan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4274-9373",
"clpid": "Kim-Junhan"
},
{
"family_name": "Kino",
"given_name": "Motoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2709-7338"
},
{
"family_name": "Koay",
"given_name": "Jun Yi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7029-6658"
},
{
"family_name": "Kocherlakota",
"given_name": "Prashant",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7386-7439"
},
{
"family_name": "Kofuji",
"given_name": "Yutaro"
},
{
"family_name": "Koch",
"given_name": "Patrick M.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2777-5861"
},
{
"family_name": "Koyama",
"given_name": "Shoko",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3723-3372"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Carsten",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4908-4925"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Joana A.",
"orcid": "0009-0003-3011-0454"
},
{
"family_name": "Kramer",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4175-2271"
},
{
"family_name": "Krichbaum",
"given_name": "Thomas P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4892-9586"
},
{
"family_name": "Kuo",
"given_name": "Cheng-Yu",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6211-5581"
},
{
"family_name": "La Bella",
"given_name": "Noemi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8116-9427"
},
{
"family_name": "Lauer",
"given_name": "Tod R.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3234-7247"
},
{
"family_name": "Lee",
"given_name": "Daeyoung",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3350-5588"
},
{
"family_name": "Lee",
"given_name": "Sang-Sung",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6269-594X"
},
{
"family_name": "Leung",
"given_name": "Po Kin",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8802-8256"
},
{
"family_name": "Levis",
"given_name": "Aviad",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7307-632X",
"clpid": "Levis-Aviad"
},
{
"family_name": "Li \u674e",
"given_name": "Zhiyuan \u5fd7\u8fdc",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0355-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Lico",
"given_name": "Rocco",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7361-2460"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindahl",
"given_name": "Greg",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6100-4772"
},
{
"family_name": "Lindqvist",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3669-0715"
},
{
"family_name": "Lisakov",
"given_name": "Mikhail",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6088-3819"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu \u5218",
"given_name": "Jun \u4fca",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7615-7499"
},
{
"family_name": "Liu",
"given_name": "Kuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2953-7376"
},
{
"family_name": "Liuzzo",
"given_name": "Elisabetta",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0995-5201"
},
{
"family_name": "Lo",
"given_name": "Wen-Ping",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1869-2503"
},
{
"family_name": "Lobanov",
"given_name": "Andrei P.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1622-1484"
},
{
"family_name": "Loinard",
"given_name": "Laurent",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5635-3345"
},
{
"family_name": "Lonsdale",
"given_name": "Colin J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4062-4654"
},
{
"family_name": "Lowitz",
"given_name": "Amy E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4747-4276"
},
{
"family_name": "Lu \u8def",
"given_name": "Ru-Sen \u5982\u68ee",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7692-7967"
},
{
"family_name": "MacDonald",
"given_name": "Nicholas R.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6684-8691"
},
{
"family_name": "Mao \u6bdb",
"given_name": "Jirong \u57fa\u8363",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7077-7195"
},
{
"family_name": "Marchili",
"given_name": "Nicola",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5523-7588"
},
{
"family_name": "Markoff",
"given_name": "Sera",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9564-0876"
},
{
"family_name": "Marrone",
"given_name": "Daniel P.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2367-1080"
},
{
"family_name": "Marscher",
"given_name": "Alan P.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7396-3332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mart\u00ed-Vidal",
"given_name": "Iv\u00e1n",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3708-9611"
},
{
"family_name": "Matsushita",
"given_name": "Satoki",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2127-7880"
},
{
"family_name": "Matthews",
"given_name": "Lynn D.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3728-8082"
},
{
"family_name": "Medeiros",
"given_name": "Lia",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2342-6728"
},
{
"family_name": "Menten",
"given_name": "Karl M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6459-0669"
},
{
"family_name": "Michalik",
"given_name": "Daniel",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7618-6556"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Izumi",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7210-6264"
},
{
"family_name": "Mizuno",
"given_name": "Yosuke",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8131-6730"
},
{
"family_name": "Moran",
"given_name": "James M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3882-4414"
},
{
"family_name": "Moriyama",
"given_name": "Kotaro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1364-3761"
},
{
"family_name": "Moscibrodzka",
"given_name": "Monika",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4661-6332"
},
{
"family_name": "Mulaudzi",
"given_name": "Wanga",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4514-625X"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Cornelia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2739-2994"
},
{
"family_name": "M\u00fcller",
"given_name": "Hendrik",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9250-0197"
},
{
"family_name": "Mus",
"given_name": "Alejandro",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0329-6874"
},
{
"family_name": "Musoke",
"given_name": "Gibwa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1984-189X"
},
{
"family_name": "Myserlis",
"given_name": "Ioannis",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3025-9497"
},
{
"family_name": "Nadolski",
"given_name": "Andrew",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9479-9957"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagai",
"given_name": "Hiroshi",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0292-3645"
},
{
"family_name": "Nagar",
"given_name": "Neil M.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6920-662X"
},
{
"family_name": "Nakamura",
"given_name": "Masanori",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6081-2420"
},
{
"family_name": "Narayan",
"given_name": "Ramesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1919-2730"
},
{
"family_name": "Narayanan",
"given_name": "Gopal",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4723-6569"
},
{
"family_name": "Natarajan",
"given_name": "Iniyan",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8242-4373"
},
{
"family_name": "Nathanail",
"given_name": "Antonios",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1655-9912"
},
{
"family_name": "Fuentes",
"given_name": "Santiago Navarro"
},
{
"family_name": "Neilsen",
"given_name": "Joey",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8247-786X"
},
{
"family_name": "Neri",
"given_name": "Roberto",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7176-4046"
},
{
"family_name": "Ni",
"given_name": "Chunchong",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1361-5699"
},
{
"family_name": "Noutsos",
"given_name": "Aristeidis",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4151-3860"
},
{
"family_name": "Nowak",
"given_name": "Michael A.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6923-1315"
},
{
"family_name": "Oh",
"given_name": "Junghwan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4991-9638"
},
{
"family_name": "Okino",
"given_name": "Hiroki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3779-2016"
},
{
"family_name": "Olivares",
"given_name": "H\u00e9ctor",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6833-7580"
},
{
"family_name": "Ortiz-Le\u00f3n",
"given_name": "Gisela N.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2863-676X"
},
{
"family_name": "Oyama",
"given_name": "Tomoaki",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4046-2923"
},
{
"family_name": "\u00d6zel",
"given_name": "Feryal",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4413-1523"
},
{
"family_name": "Palumbo",
"given_name": "Daniel C. M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7179-3816"
},
{
"family_name": "Paraschos",
"given_name": "Georgios Filippos",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6757-3098"
},
{
"family_name": "Park",
"given_name": "Jongho",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6558-9053"
},
{
"family_name": "Parsons",
"given_name": "Harriet",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6327-3423"
},
{
"family_name": "Patel",
"given_name": "Nimesh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6021-9421"
},
{
"family_name": "Pen",
"given_name": "Ue-Li",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2155-9578"
},
{
"family_name": "Pesce",
"given_name": "Dominic W.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5278-9221"
},
{
"family_name": "Pi\u00e9tu",
"given_name": "Vincent",
"orcid": "0009-0006-3497-397X"
},
{
"family_name": "Plambeck",
"given_name": "Richard",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6765-9609"
},
{
"family_name": "PopStefanija",
"given_name": "Aleksandar"
},
{
"family_name": "Porth",
"given_name": "Oliver",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4584-2557"
},
{
"family_name": "P\u00f6tzl",
"given_name": "Felix M.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6579-8311"
},
{
"family_name": "Prather",
"given_name": "Ben",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0393-7734"
},
{
"family_name": "Preciado-L\u00f3pez",
"given_name": "Jorge A.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4146-0113"
},
{
"family_name": "Psaltis",
"given_name": "Dimitrios",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1035-3240"
},
{
"family_name": "Pu",
"given_name": "Hung-Yi",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9270-8812"
},
{
"family_name": "Ramakrishnan",
"given_name": "Venkatessh",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9248-086X"
},
{
"family_name": "Rao",
"given_name": "Ramprasad",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1407-7944"
},
{
"family_name": "Rawlings",
"given_name": "Mark G.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6529-202X"
},
{
"family_name": "Raymond",
"given_name": "Alexander W.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5779-4767"
},
{
"family_name": "Rezzolla",
"given_name": "Luciano",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1330-7103"
},
{
"family_name": "Ricarte",
"given_name": "Angelo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5287-0452"
},
{
"family_name": "Ripperda",
"given_name": "Bart",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7301-3908"
},
{
"family_name": "Roelofs",
"given_name": "Freek",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5461-3687"
},
{
"family_name": "Rogers",
"given_name": "Alan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1941-7458"
},
{
"family_name": "Romero-Ca\u00f1izales",
"given_name": "Cristina",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6301-9073"
},
{
"family_name": "Ros",
"given_name": "Eduardo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9503-4892"
},
{
"family_name": "Roshanineshat",
"given_name": "Arash",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8280-9238"
},
{
"family_name": "Rottmann",
"given_name": "Helge",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1799-8228"
},
{
"family_name": "Roy",
"given_name": "Alan L.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1931-0135"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruiz",
"given_name": "Ignacio",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0965-5463"
},
{
"family_name": "Ruszczyk",
"given_name": "Chet",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7278-9707"
},
{
"family_name": "Rygl",
"given_name": "Kazi L. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4146-9043"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez",
"given_name": "Salvador",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8042-5951"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Arg\u00fcelles",
"given_name": "David",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7344-9920"
},
{
"family_name": "S\u00e1nchez-Portal",
"given_name": "Miguel",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0981-9664"
},
{
"family_name": "Sasada",
"given_name": "Mahito",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5946-9960"
},
{
"family_name": "Satapathy",
"given_name": "Kaushik",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0433-3585"
},
{
"family_name": "Savolainen",
"given_name": "Tuomas",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6214-1085"
},
{
"family_name": "Schloerb",
"given_name": "F. Peter"
},
{
"family_name": "Schonfeld",
"given_name": "Jonathan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8909-2401"
},
{
"family_name": "Schuster",
"given_name": "Karl-Friedrich",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2890-9454"
},
{
"family_name": "Shao",
"given_name": "Lijing",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1334-8853"
},
{
"family_name": "Shen \u6c88",
"given_name": "Zhiqiang \u5fd7\u5f3a",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3540-8746"
},
{
"family_name": "Small",
"given_name": "Des",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3723-5404"
},
{
"family_name": "Sohn",
"given_name": "Bong Won",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4148-8378"
},
{
"family_name": "SooHoo",
"given_name": "Jason",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1938-0720"
},
{
"family_name": "Sosapanta Salas",
"given_name": "Le\u00f3n David",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1979-6363"
},
{
"family_name": "Souccar",
"given_name": "Kamal",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7915-5272"
},
{
"family_name": "Sun \u5b59",
"given_name": "He \u8d6b",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1526-6787"
},
{
"family_name": "Tazaki",
"given_name": "Fumie",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0236-0600"
},
{
"family_name": "Tetarenko",
"given_name": "Alexandra J.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3906-4354"
},
{
"family_name": "Tiede",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3826-5648"
},
{
"family_name": "Tilanus",
"given_name": "Remo P. J.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6514-553X"
},
{
"family_name": "Titus",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9001-3275"
},
{
"family_name": "Torne",
"given_name": "Pablo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8700-6058"
},
{
"family_name": "Toscano",
"given_name": "Teresa",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3658-7862"
},
{
"family_name": "Traianou",
"given_name": "Efthalia",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1209-6500"
},
{
"family_name": "Trent",
"given_name": "Tyler",
"orcid": "0009-0004-8116-3123"
},
{
"family_name": "Trippe",
"given_name": "Sascha",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0465-1559"
},
{
"family_name": "Turk",
"given_name": "Matthew",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5294-0198"
},
{
"family_name": "van Bemmel",
"given_name": "Ilse",
"orcid": "0000-0001-5473-2950"
},
{
"family_name": "van Langevelde",
"given_name": "Huib Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0230-5946"
},
{
"family_name": "van Rossum",
"given_name": "Daniel R.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7772-6131"
},
{
"family_name": "Vos",
"given_name": "Jesse",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3349-7394"
},
{
"family_name": "Wagner",
"given_name": "Jan",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1105-6109"
},
{
"family_name": "Ward-Thompson",
"given_name": "Derek",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1140-2761"
},
{
"family_name": "Wardle",
"given_name": "John",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8960-2942"
},
{
"family_name": "Washington",
"given_name": "Jasmin E.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7046-0470"
},
{
"family_name": "Weintroub",
"given_name": "Jonathan",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4603-5204"
},
{
"family_name": "Wharton",
"given_name": "Robert",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7416-5209"
},
{
"family_name": "Wielgus",
"given_name": "Maciek",
"orcid": "0000-0002-8635-4242"
},
{
"family_name": "Wiik",
"given_name": "Kaj",
"orcid": "0000-0002-0862-3398"
},
{
"family_name": "Witzel",
"given_name": "Gunther",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2618-797X"
},
{
"family_name": "Wondrak",
"given_name": "Michael F.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6894-1072"
},
{
"family_name": "Wong",
"given_name": "George N.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-6952-2147"
},
{
"family_name": "Wu \u5434",
"given_name": "Qingwen \u5e86\u6587",
"orcid": "0000-0003-4773-4987"
},
{
"family_name": "Yadlapalli",
"given_name": "Nitika",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3255-4617",
"clpid": "Yadlapalli-Nitika"
},
{
"family_name": "Yamaguchi",
"given_name": "Paul",
"orcid": "0000-0002-6017-8199"
},
{
"family_name": "Yfantis",
"given_name": "Aristomenis",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3244-7072"
},
{
"family_name": "Yoon",
"given_name": "Doosoo",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8694-8166"
},
{
"family_name": "Young",
"given_name": "Andr\u00e9",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0000-2682"
},
{
"family_name": "Young",
"given_name": "Ken",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3666-4920"
},
{
"family_name": "Younsi",
"given_name": "Ziri",
"orcid": "0000-0001-9283-1191"
},
{
"family_name": "Yu \u4e8e",
"given_name": "Wei \u5a01",
"orcid": "0000-0002-5168-6052"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan \u8881",
"given_name": "Feng \u5cf0",
"orcid": "0000-0003-3564-6437"
},
{
"family_name": "Yuan \u8881",
"given_name": "Ye-Fei \u4e1a\u98de",
"orcid": "0000-0002-7330-4756"
},
{
"family_name": "Zensus",
"given_name": "J. Anton",
"orcid": "0000-0001-7470-3321"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhang",
"given_name": "Shuo",
"orcid": "0000-0002-2967-790X"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhao",
"given_name": "Guang-Yao",
"orcid": "0000-0002-4417-1659"
},
{
"family_name": "Zhao \u8d75",
"given_name": "Shan-Shan \u6749\u6749",
"orcid": "0000-0002-9774-3606"
},
{
"literal": "The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration"
}
],
"abstract": "\n
Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations have revealed a bright ring of emission around the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. EHT images in linear polarization have further identified a coherent spiral pattern around the black hole, produced from ordered magnetic fields threading the emitting plasma. Here we present the first analysis of circular polarization using EHT data, acquired in 2017, which can potentially provide additional insights into the magnetic fields and plasma composition near the black hole. Interferometric closure quantities provide convincing evidence for the presence of circularly polarized emission on event-horizon scales. We produce images of the circular polarization using both traditional and newly developed methods. All methods find a moderate level of resolved circular polarization across the image (\u3008\u2223v\u2223\u3009 < 3.7%), consistent with the low image-integrated circular polarization fraction measured by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (\u2223vint\u2223 < 1%). Despite this broad agreement, the methods show substantial variation in the morphology of the circularly polarized emission, indicating that our conclusions are strongly dependent on the imaging assumptions because of the limited baseline coverage, uncertain telescope gain calibration, and weakly polarized signal. We include this upper limit in an updated comparison to general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation models. This analysis reinforces the previously reported preference for magnetically arrested accretion flow models. We find that most simulations naturally produce a low level of circular polarization consistent with our upper limit and that Faraday conversion is likely the dominant production mechanism for circular polarization at 230 GHz in M87*.
\n
The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) is a millimeter very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that has imaged the apparent shadows of the supermassive black holes M87* and Sagittarius A*. Polarimetric data from these observations contain a wealth of information on the black hole and accretion flow properties. In this work, we develop polarimetric geometric modeling methods for mm-VLBI data, focusing on approaches that fit data products with differing degrees of invariance to broad classes of calibration errors. We establish a fitting procedure using a polarimetric \"m-ring\" model to approximate the image structure near a black hole. By fitting this model to synthetic EHT data from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic models, we show that the linear and circular polarization structure can be successfully approximated with relatively few model parameters. We then fit this model to EHT observations of M87* taken in 2017. In total intensity and linear polarization, the m-ring fits are consistent with previous results from imaging methods. In circular polarization, the m-ring fits indicate the presence of event-horizon-scale circular polarization structure, with a persistent dipolar asymmetry and orientation across several days. The same structure was recovered independently of observing band, used data products, and model assumptions. Despite this broad agreement, imaging methods do not produce similarly consistent results. Our circular polarization results, which imposed additional assumptions on the source structure, should thus be interpreted with some caution. Polarimetric geometric modeling provides a useful and powerful method to constrain the properties of horizon-scale polarized emission, particularly for sparse arrays like the EHT.
",
"doi": "10.3847/2041-8213/acff6f",
"issn": "2041-8205",
"publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
"publication": "Astrophysical Journal Letters",
"publication_date": "2023-11-10",
"series_number": "2",
"volume": "957",
"issue": "2",
"pages": "L21"
},
{
"id": "authors:cx1aa-2rv33",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "cx1aa-2rv33",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cx1aa-2rv33",
"type": "article",
"title": "Discovering Structure From Corruption for Unsupervised Image Reconstruction",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "Leong",
"given_name": "Oscar",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1737-3981",
"clpid": "Leong-Oscar"
},
{
"family_name": "Gao",
"given_name": "Angela F.",
"orcid": "0000-0001-8574-8728",
"clpid": "Gao-Angela-F"
},
{
"family_name": "Sun",
"given_name": "He",
"orcid": "0000-0003-1526-6787",
"clpid": "Sun-He"
},
{
"family_name": "Bouman",
"given_name": "Katherine L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0077-4367",
"clpid": "Bouman-K-L"
}
],
"abstract": "We consider solving ill-posed imaging inverse problems without access to an image prior or ground-truth examples. An overarching challenge in these inverse problems is that an infinite number of images, including many that are implausible, are consistent with the observed measurements. Thus, image priors are required to reduce the space of possible solutions to more desirable reconstructions. However, in many applications it is difficult or potentially impossible to obtain example images to construct an image prior. Hence inaccurate priors are often used, which inevitably result in biased solutions. Rather than solving an inverse problem using priors that encode the spatial structure of any one image, we propose to solve a set of inverse problems jointly by incorporating prior constraints on the collective structure of the underlying images. The key assumption of our work is that the underlying images we aim to reconstruct share common, low-dimensional structure. We show that such a set of inverse problems can be solved simultaneously without the use of a spatial image prior by instead inferring a shared image generator with a low-dimensional latent space. The parameters of the generator and latent embeddings are found by maximizing a proxy for the Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO). Once identified, the generator and latent embeddings can be combined to provide reconstructed images for each inverse problem. The framework we propose can handle general forward model corruptions, and we show that measurements derived from only a small number of ground-truth images ( \u2a7d150 ) are sufficient for image reconstruction. We demonstrate our approach on a variety of convex and non-convex inverse problems, including denoising, phase retrieval, and black hole video reconstruction.
",
"doi": "10.1109/tci.2023.3325752",
"issn": "2333-9403",
"publisher": "IEEE",
"publication": "IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging",
"publication_date": "2023-11-06",
"volume": "9",
"pages": "992-1005"
},
{
"id": "authors:e17cq-a8x24",
"collection": "authors",
"collection_id": "e17cq-a8x24",
"cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/e17cq-a8x24",
"type": "conference_item",
"title": "Score-Based Diffusion Models as Principled Priors for Inverse Imaging",
"book_title": "2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)",
"author": [
{
"family_name": "Feng",
"given_name": "Berthy T.",
"orcid": "0000-0002-1843-2165",
"clpid": "Feng-Berthy-T"
},
{
"family_name": "Smith",
"given_name": "Jamie",
"orcid": "0000-0003-2281-4681",
"clpid": "Smith-Jamie"
},
{
"family_name": "Rubinstein",
"given_name": "Michael",
"orcid": "0000-0002-3707-3807",
"clpid": "Rubinstein-Michael"
},
{
"family_name": "Chang",
"given_name": "Huiwen",
"clpid": "Chang-Huiwen"
},
{
"family_name": "Bouman",
"given_name": "Katherine L.",
"orcid": "0000-0003-0077-4367",
"clpid": "Bouman-K-L"
},
{
"family_name": "Freeman",
"given_name": "William T.",
"clpid": "Freeman-William-T"
}
],
"abstract": "\n
\n
\n
Priors are essential for reconstructing images from noisy and/or incomplete measurements. The choice of the prior determines both the quality and uncertainty of recovered images. We propose turning score-based diffusion models into principled image priors (\"score-based priors\") for analyzing a posterior of images given measurements. Previously, probabilistic priors were limited to handcrafted regularizers and simple distributions. In this work, we empirically validate the theoretically-proven probability function of a score-based diffusion model. We show how to sample from resulting posteriors by using this probability function for variational inference. Our results, including experiments on denoising, deblurring, and interferometric imaging, suggest that score-based priors enable principled inference with a sophisticated, data-driven image prior.
\n
\n
\n