The rapidly-labeled RNA fraction of E. coli has been\r\npurified approximately 15-fold on benzoylated DEAE cellulose\r\ncolumns (BC). It is metabolically unstable (as shown\r\nby a pulse/chase experiment) and is considered to represent\r\nmRNA. The yield of pulse-labeled RNA is about 70% and\r\ncomprises 4-5% of the RNA of the cell.
\r\n\r\n\r\nThe true size distribution of this RNA, determined by\r\nsedimentation in a denaturing solvent (99% DMSO), does not\r\nchange during purification. This result indicates that\r\nneither degradation nor selection for molecules of a particular\r\nsize has occurred. Upon sedimentation of the final\r\npreparation in DMSO, the distribution of pulse label is\r\nthe same as that of RNA mass, indicating nearly complete\r\nseparation from longer-lived RNA components.
\r\n\r\n\r\nThe isolation of globin-specific mRNA from rabbit\r\nreticulocytes has been attempted, both by a modification\r\nof BC chromatography and by the previously published\r\nsucrose gradient method of Marbaix, Burny, and Chantrenne,\r\nbut the results (in both cases) were inconclusive. The\r\nfinal preparation sedimented heterogeneously, with an\r\nestimated mean sedimentation coefficient (s20,w) of 8.4 S.\r\nTests of the possible identity of this material as mRNA by\r\nbiological assay in a cell-free protein synthesizing\r\nsystem have not been attempted.
", "doi": "10.7907/HPJ4-J340", "publication_date": "1969", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1969" }, { "id": "thesis:9558", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "9558", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:02122016-082048849", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Glowacki_er_1966.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 25580063, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/9558/1/Glowacki_er_1966.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Studies on Rabbit Reticulocyte Ribosomes and Polyribosomes and their Relation to Hemoglobin Synthesis", "author": [ { "family_name": "Glowacki", "given_name": "Ellen Rose", "clpid": "Glowacki-Ellen-Rose" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "This dissertation is divided into three parts.
\r\n\r\nThe first section is concerned with protein synthesis in cellfree\r\nsystems from reticulocytes. The sub-cellular reticulocyte fractions,\r\nreagents, etc. have been examined for the presence of traces of ribonuclease,\r\nusing. an assay based upon the loss of infectivity of RNA\r\nfran bacteriophage MS2. This assay is sensitive to 5 x 10-7 \u03b3 RNase/ml.\r\nIn addition, the loss of synthetic capacity of an 80S ribosome on dissociation\r\nhas been studied, and can be attributed to loss of messenger\r\nRNA when the monomer is separated into subunits. The presence of\r\nribonuclease has been shown to be a major cause of polyribosome disintegration\r\nduring cell-free protein synthesis.
\r\n\r\nThe second section concerns the changes in ribosomes and polyribosomes\r\nwhich occur during the maturation of a reticulocyte into an\r\nerythrocyte. With increasing age, the cells lose a large proportion of\r\nthe ribonucleoprotein, but the percentage of ribosomes present as polyribosomes\r\nis only slightly altered. The loss of hemoglobin synthesis\r\non maturation is probably due to both the loss of total ribosomes\r\nand to the lessened specific activity of the polyribosomes.
\r\n\r\nThe third section contains analytical ultracentrifugation data\r\non 80S ribosomes, polyribosomes, and ribosomal RNA from reticulocytes.\r\nThe 60s and 40s subunits, obtained by dissociation of the 80s particle\r\nwith inorganic pyrophosphate, were also studied. The RNA from reticulocyte\r\nribosomes has been examined under a variety of denaturing conditions,\r\nincluding dimethyl sulfoxide treatment, formaldehyde reaction and thermal\r\ndenaturation. From these studies we can conclude that the 28S and\r\n16S RNA's are single polynucleotide chains and are not made up of\r\nsmaller RNA subunits hydrogen-bonded together.
", "doi": "10.7907/H4BA-4M16", "publication_date": "1966", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1966" }, { "id": "thesis:1830", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "1830", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05162003-090149", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Millette_rl_1965.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 9354818, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/1830/1/Millette_rl_1965.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Hemoglobin Synthesis in the Maturing Rabbit Reticulocyte", "author": [ { "family_name": "Millette", "given_name": "Robert Loomis", "clpid": "Millette-Robert-Loomis" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "A method is described for fractionating rabbit reticulocytes by buoyant density centrifugation in an albumin (BSA) gradient. The progressively lighter cells contained more ribosomes and were more active in protein synthesis than the denser cells.\r\n\r\nCytological, physical, and biochemical properties of the fractions showed that the procedure separates the cells according to their degree of physiological maturity. Fractions were examined for their protein synthesizing activity and ribosomal distribution by sucrose gradient analysis. With increasing cell maturation the percent of ribonucleoprotein present as polysomes declined slightly, the pentamer persisted as the major ribosomal aggregate, and the specific activity of the polysomes decreased. The loss of hemoglobin synthesis during reticulocyte maturation is closely correlated with the loss of total ribosomal material and with an increasing percentage of inactive polysomes.\r\n\r\nA fraction of the most immature reticulocytes was labeled with H[superscript 3]-leucine and transfused into a normal rabbit for in vivo maturation. BSA-gradient analysis of blood samples taken at various time intervals confirmed that the position of the cells in a BSA gradient is a function of their age.\r\n\r\nA reticulocyte cell-free amino acid incorporating system is described which is capable, after an initial rapid incorporation, of a linear rate of protein synthesis for at least two hours. This system was used to further investigate the differences between reticulocyte fractions from a BSA gradient. Crossed incubations of ribosomes and supernatants showed that not only the ribosomes become less active but that supernatant factors limit amino acid incorporation in the more mature cells. The nature of the supernatant effect is discussed.\r\n\r\nPreliminary cell-free studies using polysomes and 80S ribosomes, isolated from a sucrose gradient, showed that 80S ribosomes are inactive by themselves. However, in the presence of polysomes they participate in amino acid incorporation. The results indicate that the rate of protein synthesis is a function of the concentrations of both \"monosomes\" and polysomes.", "doi": "10.7907/G8SP-AN14", "publication_date": "1965", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1965" }, { "id": "thesis:6580", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "6580", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08112011-160231577", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Hare_pe_1962.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 23458291, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/6580/1/Hare_pe_1962.pdf", "version": "v4.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "The Amino Acid Composition of the Organic Matrix of Some Recent and Fossil Shells of Some West Coast Species of Mytilus", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hare", "given_name": "Peter Edgar", "clpid": "Hare-Peter-Edgar" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Lowenstam", "given_name": "Heinz A.", "clpid": "Lowenstam-H-A" }, { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The organic matrix from each structural unit of Mytilus californianus has a distinctive amino acid composition. Systematic variations in composition occur within the outer prismatic layer and the periostracum. In small shells there are profound changes in the periostracum composition as the animal grows during the first year or so.\r\n\r\nThere is a relationship between the amount of organic material present in the original shell unit and the relative amounts of the basic and acidic amino acids in the organic matrix. The matrix from calcitic shell structures has a larger net excess of acidic residues than does the matrix from aragonitic structures. Temperature changes\r\nappear to be reflected in compositional changes in the nacreous aragonite layer with increasing temperature favoring a higher number of net acidic amino acid residues. Thus, as temperature increases, the differences in matrix composition between the nacreous aragonite layer and the outer prismatic calcite layer become progressively smaller.\r\nDecreasing salinity seems to have a similar effect to increasing temperature.\r\n\r\nFrom a study of a series of radiocarbon-dated shell materials, it is found that the composition of the organic matrix undergoes a significant amount of change within a few thousand years under a rather dry environment. The oxidation products of certain amino acids are present in progressively larger amounts in older materials, suggesting\r\noxidation as one of the possible mechanisms involved in fossilization.\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/EXQX-4D49", "publication_date": "1962", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1962" }, { "id": "thesis:1111", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "1111", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03252004-145831", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Knudson,jr_ag_1956.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 2837862, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/1111/1/Knudson,jr_ag_1956.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Histidine Metabolism in Liver", "author": [ { "family_name": "Knudson", "given_name": "Alfred George", "clpid": "Knudson-A-G" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "This is the report of an investigation of histidine metabolism in mammalian liver. Formiminoglutamic acid, reported to be the end-product of histidine metabolism in vitro, has been found to be degraded enzymatically to glutamic acid by a rat liver extract. Homogenates of spleen, kidney, and heart do not have such activity. A product of the metabolism of the formimino group is carbon dioxide. The effects of time, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, and pH on the reaction are reported. Sulfhydryl groups are essential for activity. Inorganic phosphate is stimulatory, and arsenolysis occurs. On the basis of these findings and pertinent published information a scheme for the degradation of histidine to glutamic acid is proposed.", "doi": "10.7907/SHM8-FB96", "publication_date": "1956", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1956" }, { "id": "thesis:1132", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "1132", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03262004-141353", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Lester_rl_1956.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 3016736, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/1132/1/Lester_rl_1956.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Incorporation of Amino Acids into the Proteins of Micrococcus Iysodeikticus", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lester", "given_name": "Robert Leonard", "clpid": "Lester-Robert-Leonard" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "Lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells with lysozyme in the presence of high concentrations of sucrose has yielded a particulate system, distinct from intact cells, that carries out the incorporation of amino acids into protein. All seven amino acids which have been tested have been incorporated.\r\n\r\nThe system was sedimentable, had a high endogenous respiration, and required the continued presence of high sucrose or KCl concentrations for activity. The importance of oxidative reactions for incorporation was indicated since anaerobiosis and 2,4-dinitrophenol treatment inhibited incorporation. Ribonuclease treatment diminished incorporation; desoxyribonuclease treatment accelerated incorporation. The activity of the particulate system was inversely related to the concentration at which these particles were assayed. Stimulation of incorporation was observed upon addition of unlabeled amino acids implying a net synthesis of protein molecules under these conditions. From data obtained on the composition of the free amino acid pool and the rates of amino acid incorporation it was concluded that in the absence of added amino acids, amino acid incorporation occurred either via an exchange reaction or that it reflected synthesis of new protein molecules with concomitant breakdown of pre-existing protein to amino acids.\r\n\r\nIt was shown that radioactive protein isolated after incubation with radioactive leucine, contained leucine as its sole radioactive constituent. The conversion of leucine to alpha-ketoisocaproic acid was also shown.", "doi": "10.7907/V4K5-ZD08", "publication_date": "1956", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1956" }, { "id": "thesis:249", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "249", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01202004-155710", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Rogers_bj_1955.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 5978047, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/249/1/Rogers_bj_1955.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Studies on the Amino Acid Metabolism of Higher Plants", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rogers", "given_name": "Bruce Joseph", "clpid": "Rogers-Bruce-Joseph" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bonner", "given_name": "James Frederick", "clpid": "Bonner-J-F" }, { "family_name": "Went", "given_name": "Frits W.", "clpid": "Went-F-W" }, { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "It has been known for some time that the protein level of detached leaves decreases as a result of the excision. The possibility that detached leaves are unable to form certain amino acids has been advanced as a cause for the decrease in the protein level. This hypothesis was tested in the present work. The incorporation with time of carbon-14 from C14-carboxyl-labeled acetate and C14-uniformly-labeled sucrose into the free and protein-bound amino acids of excised organs of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was studied. Of sixteen amino acids investigated, all were found to have incorporated carbon atoms from both acetate and sucrose in the excised leaves, stems and roots. On the basis of this work, it is felt that the decrease in protein level in detached leaves is not due to an inability of leaves to synthesize amino acids.\r\n\r\nThe incorporation of radioactive amino acids (produced in vivo) into leaf, stem and root protein of red kidney bean was studied. It was found that radioactive amino acids are incorporated into root protein much more rapidly than into leaf or stem protein.\r\n\r\nThe enzymatic decarboxylation and oxidation of a number of amino acids was studied in a water extract prepared from acorn squash. Great variation in the relative rates of reaction for the amino acids was demonstrated for both the decarboxylative and oxidative reactions.\r\n\r\nThe partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of pancreatic trypsin inhibitor was found to be arginyl-phenylalanine. It is suggested that the system used would be applicable for the determination of the sequence of small peptides such as those discovered in the work with red kidney bean.", "doi": "10.7907/NB9G-Q853", "publication_date": "1955", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1955" }, { "id": "thesis:10419", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "10419", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09072017-142857992", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Paigen_K_1951.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 22179361, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/10419/1/Paigen_K_1951.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Studies on the Source of Urea Carbon", "author": [ { "family_name": "Paigen", "given_name": "Kenneth", "clpid": "Paigen-Kenneth" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "A method has been devised for the testing of any substance\r\nas an intermediate in a reaction sequence. Using this technique,\r\nthirty-three substances have been tested as precursors of the\r\nurea carbon atom. Of the compounds tested, only citrulline and\r\narginine were precursors.
\r\n\r\n\r\nGarbamyl L-glutamic acid was shown not to be a donor of\r\nthe urea carbon, although it does have some function in urea synthesis.
", "doi": "10.7907/WV7D-FW20", "publication_date": "1951", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1951" }, { "id": "thesis:10469", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "10469", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09292017-114236162", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Windsor_E_1951.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 8725837, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/10469/1/Windsor_E_1951.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "\u03b1-Aminoadipic Acid as a Constituent of a Natural Protein", "author": [ { "family_name": "Windsor", "given_name": "Emanuel", "clpid": "Windsor-Emanuel" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "Thirty-five proteins or protein-containing materials\r\nwere analyzed for \u03b1-aminoadipic acid by means of chromatography\r\non starch columns. Of these materials corn and\r\nTaka-diastase (from Aspergillus oryzae) were shown to \r\ncontain free \u03b1-aminoadipic acid.
\r\n\r\n\r\nAs a protein constituent aminoadipic acid was found\r\nin a water-soluble corn protein. Corn steepwater concentrate\r\nwas an adequate source of this protein. \u03b1-Aminoadipic acid\r\nwas shown to be a constituent of the protein by\r\nits isolation from hydrolysate. Its identity with the\r\nsynthetic amino acid was proved by elementary analysis,\r\nmixed melting point, chromatographic behavior on both starch\r\nand Dowex-50 columns, use as a growth substance for a \r\nNeurospora crassa mutant which requires it for growth, and\r\ninhibition of growth by a specific inhibitor.
\r\n\r\n\r\nThe ionization constants for aminoadipic acid in\r\nwater were determined.
\r\n\r\n\r\nThe conversion of radioactive \u03b1-aminoadipic acid into\r\nradioactive lysine in a mutant strain of Neurospora\r\ncrassa was shown.
", "doi": "10.7907/0T5Z-M233", "publication_date": "1951", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1951" }, { "id": "thesis:7331", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "7331", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12122012-103207950", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Pao_wk_1950.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 16294704, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/7331/1/Pao_wk_1950.pdf", "version": "v4.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Investigations of the Thermophobic Character in Neurospora crassa, Especially of the Relationships Between Temperature and Carbohydrate Utilization", "author": [ { "family_name": "Pao", "given_name": "Wen Kwe", "clpid": "Pao-Wen-Kwe" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Emerson", "given_name": "Sterling", "clpid": "Emerson-S" }, { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "The thermophobic character is a temperature mutant which is unable to grow at\r\n35\u00b0C on certain sugars in tube culture. This character is controlled by a single\r\ngene located far away from the centromere on the chromosome of Paba linkage group.
\r\n\r\nA limited growth of thermophobic strain on lactose minimal medium can be\r\nforced at 35\u00b0 after activation at 25\u00b0 for as little as 2 hours. The experiments\r\nshow that the inhibition of growth at higher temperature is not due to nutritional\r\ndeficiency, change of permeability of cell membrane to certain sugars or inhibition\r\nof hydrolytic enzymes of oligosaccharides. At 40\u00b0 the thermophobic strain can\r\nnot grow on any sugar, while the normal strain can grow on certain sugars but not\r\nothers, just as the thermophobic strain did at 35\u00b0. The difference of effective\r\ntemperature between the strains is only 5\u00b0C. This led to the studies of the\r\ncommon step of carbohydrate degradation, e.g., glycolysis and Krebs' cycle. All\r\nKrebs' acids were found to have a strong thermophobic effect at 35\u00b0 on the thermophobic\r\nstrain on sucrose. But the manometric studies of certain of the enzyme\r\nsystems in Krebs' cycle reveal no significant differences between the strains.
\r\n\r\nIn liquid culture on lactose at 35\u00b0 there appears a morphological difference\r\nbetween the strains, i.e., semicolonial for the thermophobic strain and usual\r\nfilamentous for the normal. This led to the studies of cell wall material in\r\nNeurospora, and it was found that there is a difference in response to chlorozinc\r\niodine staining. The staining reaction is quantitatively related to the length of\r\nunacetylated end group of chitin. Estimates show that the chitin of the thermophobic\r\nstrain has a length of half molecule only about 1/5 that of normal. A length of\r\nchitin half mol ecule less than 100 acetylglucosamine units will induce a growth\r\nof semicolonial form in liquid culture, and will have very little measurable growth\r\nin tube culture. The length of chitin molecule is influenced by glucose-acetate\r\nratio. Temperature and type of sugar will influence the ratio greatly, and will\r\nthus change the habit of growth of both strains, but different quantitatively as\r\nthe thermophobic gene causes a shortness of chitin molecule from the start.
", "doi": "10.7907/7M5A-FG46", "publication_date": "1950", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1950" }, { "id": "thesis:17127", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "17127", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04012025-230418750", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Dubnoff_J_1944.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 45211814, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/17127/1/Dubnoff_J_1944.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "I. Biological Synthesis of Creatine. II. Corneal Vascularity and Ariboflavinosis. III. Root \"Bleeding\"", "author": [ { "family_name": "Dubnoff", "given_name": "Jacob William", "clpid": "Dubnoff-Jacob-William" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/t2ay-dg34", "publication_date": "1944", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1944" }, { "id": "thesis:10128", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "10128", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04062017-095011293", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "McRary_WL_1940.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 32852110, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/10128/1/McRary_WL_1940.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Studies on the Biochemical Synthesis of Asparagine", "author": [ { "family_name": "McRary", "given_name": "Willard Lee", "clpid": "McRary-Willard-Lee" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "Methods are described for the in vitro cultivation of the\r\nexcised lupin embryo on a synthetic medium.
\r\n\r\nThe postulate that asparagine synthesis is not conditioned\r\nprimarily by the presence of excess free ammonia and hence is not a\r\ndetoxication mechanism has been experimentally confirmed in the lupin.
\r\n\r\nIsolated embryos, when supplied with adequate carbohydrate and\r\nnitrogen in the medium, are unable to absorb and convert succinic,\r\nmalic, pyruvic, lactic, and glyceric acids, and glycerol and succinmonamide\r\nto asparagine.
\r\n\r\nUnder similar conditions of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply\r\nfumaric, maleic, aspartic, exalacetic, and glutamic acids, and\r\nsuccindiamide are effective in stimulating the synthesis of asparagine.\r\nOf these compounds; glutamic adid is the most effective.\r\nMetabolic products of glutamic acid such as ketoglutaric, glutaric,\r\nand succinic acids are not effective. Combinations of glutamic acid\r\nwith aspartic and oxalacetic acids in the absence of ammonia are\r\nlikewise not effective in the stimulation of asparagine synthesis.
\r\n\r\nAn extract of embryo tissue is able to oxidize glutamic acid\r\nin the presence of boiled yeast juice. Amide formation has been\r\ndemonstrated in such an extract to which was added glutamic and\r\naspartic acids and ammonia.
\r\n\r\n\r\nAn attempt has been made to unify the above observations, and\r\nto explain the role of glutamate as an energy source in asparagine\r\nsynthesis, with the energy transfer possibly taking place through\r\nthe intermediation of a pyridine coenzyme.
\r\n\r\nThe unsatisfactory status of the postulated conversion of\r\naspartic acid to asparagine has been pointed out and a scheme proposed\r\nto explain the introduction of energy into the system.
\r\n\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/2Z2E-PV49", "publication_date": "1940", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1940" }, { "id": "thesis:1673", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "1673", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05082003-155023", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Horowitz_nh_1939.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 7366846, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/1673/1/Horowitz_nh_1939.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "The Rising Rate of Respiration in Developing Eggs", "author": [ { "family_name": "Horowitz", "given_name": "Norman Harold", "clpid": "Horowitz-Norman-Harold" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Tyler", "given_name": "Albert", "clpid": "Tyler-A" }, { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "No abstract submitted", "doi": "10.7907/0GNC-2P03", "publication_date": "1939", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1939" }, { "id": "thesis:16716", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "16716", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09112024-211500747", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Winegarden_HM_1931.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 22610249, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/16716/1/Winegarden_HM_1931.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "An Application of Thermodynamics to Physiology. 1. On the Free Energy of Glucose and of Tripalmitin. 2. The Work of the Kidney in the Production of Urine. 3. The Energy Cost of the Excretion of Urine. 4. On the Specific Dynamic Action of Protein", "author": [ { "family_name": "Winegarden", "given_name": "Howard Merlin", "clpid": "Winegarden-Howard-Merlin" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Borsook", "given_name": "Henry", "clpid": "Borsook-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_biol" } ], "abstract": "No abstract.", "doi": "10.7907/417b-z477", "publication_date": "1931", "thesis_type": "phd", "thesis_year": "1931" } ]