Investigations of the Geology of the Nodular Shale were carried on under the auspices of the Standard Oil Company of California. Attempts were made to arrive at some conclusions with regard to the origin of the Nodular Shale, and its relationship to the origin of Petroleum that occurs below it in several fields of the West Los Angeles Basin.
\r\n\r\nThe Nodular Shale is Middle Miocene in age in the southern part of the West Los Angeles Basin, and Upper Miocene in the Northern part. It is suggested that the Nodular was laid down in seas transgressing from south to north, and that an ancestral Santa Monica Mountains formed a barrier to this transgressing sea, as evidenced by the heavy mineral content of the Nodular Shale. The Nodular Shale is folded in the areas of the Oil Fields in which it occurs, and this folding is thought to have affected the Schist surface as well. It has also been affected by faulting.
\r\n\r\nThe Nodular Shale is considered to have been the source beds for most of the petroleum in the reservoir rocks that lie below it in the Playa Del Rey and El Segundo Oil Fields.
\r\n\r\nSeveral areas are considered to be favorable locations for new petroleum discoveries in the region studies.
\r\n\r\nIt is possible that the Murray-Reynard theory for the deposition of phosphatic nodules, is applicable to the conditions that prevailed in the West Los Angeles Basin area, and that the nodules of the Nodular Shale are the result of seasonal variations of temperature in the Nodular sea, with a consequent periodic dying off of large portions of the fauna that inhabited the seas of that time.
\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/Q7TF-MP08", "publication_date": "1942", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1942" }, { "id": "thesis:821", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "821", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03012007-133624", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Lewis_la_1941.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 15816884, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/821/1/Lewis_la_1941.pdf", "version": "v3.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Geology of the Northern Part of the Santa Ana Mountains, Orange County, California", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lewis", "given_name": "Lloyd Alan", "clpid": "Lewis-Lloyd-Alan" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" }, { "family_name": "Popenoe", "given_name": "Willis Parkison", "clpid": "Popenoe-W-P" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The area covered includes parts of the northern end of the Santa Ana Mountains and the southeastern corner of the adjoining Puente Hills. The area is somewhat larger than 50 square miles. The work was done during the academic years of 1939-40 and 1940-41 while the author was the holder of the Standard Oil Company of California\u2019s fellowship in geology. The purpose of the mapping was to work out the stratigraphic and structural relations of the rocks exposed in this area. Most of the area on the northeast side of the Santa Ana Mountains had never been mapped before and the differentiation of the Cretaceous and lower Tertiary sediments had never been attempted.\r\n\r\nThe rocks of the northern Santa Ana Mountains range in age from pre-Triassic to Quaternary. The Triassic and pre-Triassic rocks are a complex of slates, sandstones, conglomerates and limestones which have been intruded by Jurassic acid intrusives and by andesitic extrusives of pre-Cretaceous age. The oldest un-metamorphosed rocks are upper Cretaceous in age. They lie with profound unconformity upon the Basement Complex of the Triassic and Jurassic rocks. The Tertiary rocks range in age from Eocene to upper Miocene. They consist of an alternating succession of conglomerates, sandstones, and shales with the sandstones and conglomerates predominating. Most of the Tertiary formations progressively overlap each other towards the southeast. The lithology of the entire sections is so similar that it has been, at times, very difficult to recognize the stratrigraphic position of sediments bounded by faults.\r\n\r\nViewing the structure of the northern end of the Santa Ana Mountains as a whole, it seems to be a large asymmetrical anticline with gentle southwestward dips on the southwest side and nearly vertical, and frequently overturned, dips on the northeast side. This structure is complicated by considerable faulting. The faults, in general, trend northwest-southeast and they are generally parallel with the strike of the sediments. The area is also the scene of the junction of the Chino and Whittier faults which are two of the major faults of Southern California. Much of the area mapped lies between these two faults and this area is a mosaic of slice-blocks in which the dips of strata are always nearly vertical. As far as can be determined, the attitude of the faults is nearly vertical; some of them are reverse faults. Movement on many of the faults has been strike-slip as well as dip-slip.\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/FS0B-A391", "publication_date": "1941", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1941" }, { "id": "thesis:5621", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5621", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03282010-103356657", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Rupnik_jj_1941.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 6463391, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5621/1/Rupnik_jj_1941.pdf", "version": "v4.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "The Geology of the Wiley Canyon Area, Oak Ridge Anticline, T 3-4 N, R 18-19 W, Ventura County, California", "author": [ { "family_name": "Rupnik", "given_name": "John Joseph", "clpid": "Rupnik-John-Joseph" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The accompanying map and thesis comprise a report on the geology of an area lying on the Oak Ridge anticline about six miles southeast of the town of Fillmore, California.
\r\n\r\nThe Oligocene Sespe is the oldest formation exposed. The other formations found are Vaqueros, Modelo, Pico, Saugus, and finally, Recent terrace gravels and alluvium. The Sespe-Vaqueros and the Vaqueros-Modelo contacts appear to be conformable and are differentiated by a transition in lithology. A marked unconformity exists between the Modelo shale and Pico sandstone; this is not as pronounced on the west end as on the east end. The Saugus appears to overlap the Pico progressively from west to east.
\r\n\r\nThe main structural features are the Oak Ridge fault, the Oak Ridge anticline, and the Eureka anticline and the Baker fault. Other subsidiary folds are present. The trend of the large structures is, on the whole, east and west; that of the lesser ones is mostly southeast and northwest.
\r\n\r\nThe Oak Ridge fault is down-thrown on the north side; its plane is vertical at Torrey Canyon but is overturned at Wiley Canyon.
\r\n\r\nThe Oak Ridge anticline consists of a series of small, connected domes. Oil production has been established on several of these domes. A new wildcat is now drilling on a small surface closure in Wiley Canyon.
\r\n\r\nThe Eureka anticline plunges westward towards the Baker fault. The evidence found in the field indicates that this is an unusual structure. It forms a part of a large, recumbent fold which has been further folded into an asymmetrical anticline. It is terminated on the west end by what is here called the Baker fault (after the Baker Ranch). Competent beds are conglomerates and sandstones; fossil evidence indicates their age to be late Pico (probably San Diego. Model sandstones and shales make up the remainder of the exposed rocks.
\r\n\r\nThe Baker fault runs southwest from the Santa Clare River through the first canyon west of Torrey Canyon. Two interpretations can be placed on the relationship of the rocks: the Baker fault may have originated with, and therefore can be terminated against, the Oak Ridge fault; or it may possible represent a different period of faulting, cutting the Oak Ridge fault and eventually joining up with the western end of the Santa Susana fault. Because of lack of sufficient evidence to the contrary, the first possibility is used.
\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/PJ20-ZK85", "publication_date": "1941", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1941" }, { "id": "thesis:5586", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5586", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03102010-102032561", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Quarles_m_1941.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 15599895, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5586/1/Quarles_m_1941.pdf", "version": "v4.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Geology of the Repetto and Montebello Hills", "author": [ { "family_name": "Quarles", "given_name": "Miller Winthrop", "clpid": "Quarles-Miller-Winthrop" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The Repetto and Montebello Hills are an east-west band of low hills four miles east of the Los Angeles city hall. As the hills lie well within the oil producing Los Angeles basin, their geology is of interest to petroleum geologists as well as to residents of the area.\r\n\r\nOnly sedimentary rocks are exposed, ranging in age from upper Niocene to Recent. The only Miocene formation in the area is the Puente, which is divided into three members; a white diatomaceous lower shale, a middle sandstone with shale lentils, and a silty upper shale.\r\n\r\nConformable above the Miocene is the Pliocene series, represented by two formations: 1) the lower Pliocene Repetto; and 2) the upper Pliocene Pico. The type locality of the Repetto formation lies within the area where it is composed almost entirely of foraminifera-bearing massive siltstone. The Pico formation is represented by siltstones and is divided into an upper and lower member by means of foraminifera and megafossils. The top of the Pliocene section is marked by an angular unconformity.\r\n\r\nThe two Pleistocene formations are the Saugus and the terrace gravels. The Saugus conglomerates and siltstones, of lower Pleistocene age, are separated from the upper Pleistocene to Recent non-marine terrace gravels by an angular unconformity.\r\n\r\nThe two\tPleistocene conglomerate formations are distinguished from one another by the petrology of their pebbles. The Saugus contains pebbles of dacite porphyry; the terrace gravels are characterized by a granite with pink orthoclase and a distinctive \"dappled\" diorite.\r\n\r\nForaminifera are used to fix the gradational Niocene-Pliocene contact and to divide the Pliocene into Repetto and Pico formations. Molluses as well as foraminifera are abundant in the Pico and make possible a division into upper and lower Pico members in spite of uniform lithology. The Molluscan faunas of the lower Pico are warm water types; the upper Pico contains a cold water assemblage. Megafossils from four of the sixteen new localities were studied, and several species not previously found in the Los Angeles basin were recognized.\r\n\r\nTwo east-west anticlines with a poorly defined syncline between them are the principle structural units in the area. Only he eastern closures of the large East Los Angeles Anticline is found in the northwestern part of the area. A short strip of lower Puente shale is exposed along the axis of this anticline. The 8000-foot series of Puente and Pliocene formations dip away from the axis to the south. Only the lower 1000 feet of the Puente section is exposed on the north limb of the anticline.\r\n\r\nThe oil-producing Montebello anticline in the southwestern part of the area has a complex structure and history. The surface exposures of Pico siltstone and Saugus conglomerate show an asymmetric fold with a steep south limb. Sub-surface contours an Repetto horizons, however, show that, at depth, the steeper flank of the fold is on the north. This anomaly is causes by by post-Saugus movement on a north dipping normal fault parallel to, and 600 feet south of, the anticline's crest. The Saugus beds which were previously on the flat top of the anticline were dropped 700 feet and are now adjacent to steeper dipping Pico sediments.\r\n\r\nThree major disturbances dominated the structural history: 1) after the Pico was deposited, 2) after Saugus deposition, and 3) after the terrace gravels were deposited. Uplift to dry land and slight folding caused the erosion of the Pico siltstone to a surface of low relief. The ensuing subsidence and overlap of cross-bedded Saugus conglomerate produced an angular unconformity above the Pliocene series.\r\n\r\nThe second deformational period, which occurred after the Saugus formation was deposited, was the most intense. Both the major anticlines in the area were formed, and the beds in the Repetto Hills were steeply tilted to the south. A very long or very active period of erosion followed, for apparently 8000 feet of sediments were stripped off the East Los Angeles anticline to expose the lower puente shale beds. The final post-Saugus erosion surfaces before the terrace gravels were deposited wore I) in the Repetto Hills a topography similar to the present, and 2) a near-peneplain where the Montebello Hills now Stand.\r\n\r\nThe nature and amount of movement during the third major uplift, in post-terrace or early Recent time, can be accurately determined by the positions of numerous remnants of a terrace surface. The entire Repetto Hills area was raised about 150 feet along the southern border and tilted as a block to the northeast. At the same time the present Montebello Hills were formed when the flat terrace surface was uplifted by folding at least 300 feet, forming an anticline whose crest roughly coincided with the axis of the earlier post-Saugus anticline. The present topography is that anticlinal ridge modified by recent erosion.\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/W7C0-Q908", "publication_date": "1941", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1941" }, { "id": "thesis:5475", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5475", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12222009-145022250", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Kupfer_dh_1940.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 11064912, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5475/1/Kupfer_dh_1940.pdf", "version": "v4.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Geology of Bluff Cove", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kupfer", "given_name": "Donald Harry", "clpid": "Kupfer-Donald-Harry" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "Bluff Cove is situated on the west side of the San Pedro Hills and lies about twenty miles south-west of Los Angeles. The area mapped includes Flat Rock Point to the north of Bluff Cove and Rocky Point to the south, a distance of about two and one-half miles (pl. 1). Only the sea cliffs were mapped, the hope being that from these cliffs the inland structures could be extrapolated.
\r\n\r\nI am indebted to Mr. D.J. Varnes, who worked with me constantly both in the field and in the office, and offered many valuable suggestions; and to my instructor, Dr. F.D. Bode.
\r\n\r\nThe map is of the north half of the area. It is a hand drawn enlargement (x4) taken from the 1932 reprint of 1928 edition of the U.S.G.S. topographic map of the San Pedro Hills Quadrangle. The Geologic mapping was done by Brunton compass in 1939-40.
\r\n\r\nThe topography of the area is one of rolling hills sloping to the ocean. The present sea cliffs, to which the mapping was confined, average about 150 feet high and afford good exposures. However, the lower parts of the cliffs are usually masked by landsliding.
\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/P61H-JQ87", "publication_date": "1940", "thesis_type": "bachelors", "thesis_year": "1940" }, { "id": "thesis:5463", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5463", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12212009-094211744", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Kupfer_dh_1940.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 15408722, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5463/1/Kupfer_dh_1940.pdf", "version": "v5.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Geology of a Part of Seminole Quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California. Geology of the Bluff Cove Region, Palos Verdes, Southern California", "author": [ { "family_name": "Kupfer", "given_name": "Donald Harry", "clpid": "Kupfer-Donald-Harry" }, { "family_name": "Varnes", "given_name": "David Joseph", "clpid": "Varnes-David-Joseph" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "Geology of a part of Seminole quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California:
\r\n\r\nA small area in the Central Santa Monica Mountains was mapped. Two formations, a series of interbedded basalts and pyroelastics of Topanga age and some Modelo shales and sandstones, were mapped and an angular unconformity was found between them. The region is one of broad folds with axes trending generally east-west.
\r\n\r\nGeology of the Bluff Cove Region, Palos Verdes, Southern California:
\r\n\r\nAbout two miles of sea cliffs were examined at the west end of the Palos Verdes Hills, in southern California. Middle and lower upper Miocene breccia, sandstone, and shale have been intruded by sills of basalt. Faulting and minor folding have taken place since the intrusion. Successive terraces indicate repeated uplift in Pleistocene time.
\r\n\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/2CDA-NY71", "publication_date": "1940", "thesis_type": "bachelors", "thesis_year": "1940" }, { "id": "thesis:3942", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "3942", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10062005-112728", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Lewis_wd_1940.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 9771453, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/3942/1/Lewis_wd_1940.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "The Geology of the Upper Las Llajas Canyon Area, Santa Susana Mountains, California", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lewis", "given_name": "William Dabney", "clpid": "Lewis-William-Dabney" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Buwalda", "given_name": "John P.", "clpid": "Buwalda-J-P" }, { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The Upper Las Liajas Canyon Area, California is some six and one-half miles long and three and one-half miles wide. It is situated five to twelve miles north-west of the town of Chatsworth. It gives a representative picture of the geology of the California Coast Ranges.\r\n\r\nThe main Santa Susana Range here trends almost due west. It is cut by steep-sided, youthful canyons which generally produce a relief of some five hundred feet. The highest point in the area is 3741 feet in elevation; the greatest relief, however, is not over 2500 feet.\r\n\r\nThe dominant rocks are, east-west striking, faulted and folded sediments of Tertiary age; some late Mesozoic and Quaternary sediments also appear. The oldest rocks in the area, a series of sandstones and intercalated shales, comprise a part of the Chico formation. The portion mapped attains a thickness of more than 750 feet. Apparently unconformably above the Cretaceous lies a section of 350 feet of very coarse massive ferruginous conglomerates of lower Eocene Martinez age. The Martinez seems to grade into the middle Eocene Llajas formation. The Llajas consists of a series of fossiliferous shales, silts, sandstones, and black limestones which crop out over a large portion of the area south of the Santa Susana thrust zone. In the western portion of the area the Sespe formation appears and is composed of variegated sands and silts, possibly varying in age from upper Eocene to lower Miocene. The Sespe lies disconformably on the Llajas formation and wedges out to the east. Sediments, ranging in age from Pliocene to middle Miocene, overlie the middle Eocene with pronounced angular unconformity. Of these, the lowermost formation, the Topanga, consists of a basal fossiliferous conglomerate some 50 feet thick overlain by 100 feet of fossiliferous sandy silts. The uppermost member of the Topanga is a zone of silt from 25 to 100 feet thick characterized by the foraminifera species, Valvulineria calitornica Cushman. The upper Modelo diatmites overlie this zone in places with possible slight angular discordance. The average thickness of the Modelo is 200 feet.\r\n\r\nNorth of the Santa Susana fault zone, a thick series of upper Miocene shales, sandstones, and grits, which have apparently been pushed into the area by overthrusting, crop out.\r\n\r\nIn most localities above the Modelo diatomite, and generally in unconformable relationship with it, are a series of fossiliferous sandy silts some 250 feet thick and of lower middle Pliocene Pico age. Unconformably above the Pico lie upper middle Pliocene sediments which become nonmarine upward in the section and grade into the Pleistocene (?) Saugus sands and gravels. The whole series exposed here is over 1150 feet thick. At least two ages of alluvial deposits were mapped.\r\n\r\nThe main structural feature in the area is the northward-dipping Santa Susana thrust fault which became active in the Pleistocene epoch. The thrust zone itself is, as the name implies, not one clean-cut fault but a zone of roughly parallel faults forming a somewhat braided pattern. Most of the faults are rather steep-angled, northward dips from 30 to 70 degrees being recorded and the average being around 50 degrees. The total displacement of this zone is not known but is at least several thousand feet. The strata along the front of the overthrust block are in many places overturned. Numerous strike-slip faults, trending normal to the strike of the Santa Susana thrust zone appear to have offset the structures in the block itself and also those in front of the overthrust mass including the Quaternary alluvial deposits in places as much as 3000 feet. The area to the south of the Santa Susana fault zone is faulted and folded but not to the degree of the region to the north.\r\n\r\nThe topographic features suggest that the region owes most of its present relief to uplift by faulting and folding in the Pleistocene epoch. The presence of terraces and inner gorges in several of the main canyons as well as the courses of the main streams indicates an erosional history that is far from simple. The relatively older topography, found south of the overthrust zone, and the younger topography appearing in the overthrust block itself, corroborate the geologic evidence indicating late movement along the Santa Susana thrust zone.", "doi": "10.7907/Z7HF-B694", "publication_date": "1940", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1940" }, { "id": "thesis:5563", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5563", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:02262010-152726519", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Levet_mn_1940.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 6353946, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5563/1/Levet_mn_1940.pdf", "version": "v4.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Geology of the San Juan Canyon Area, Orange County, California", "author": [ { "family_name": "Levet", "given_name": "Melvin Newton", "clpid": "Levet-Melvin-Newton" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The area described in this report occupies a narrow strip along the San Juan River in the south-western portion of the Santa Ana Mountains in Southern California. This region includes a sedimentary series of rocks which forms a gentle westward-dipping homocline off the crystalline core of the Santa Ana Mountains. Rocks range in age from Triassic to Recent.\r\n\r\nThe basement complex comprises a series of Triassic slates, quartzites, and other rock types, with later intrusive of granitic masses. A considerable thickness of Cretaceous rocks conformably overlie the crystalline complex and is composed of heavy coarse conglomerates, fine shales, and micaceous sansdstones. A section of Eocene clays and sandstones, 2500 feet thick of probable Martinez age, overlies the Cretaceous section. These rocks have been faulted up against the Lower Miocene San Onofre facies of the Temblor. The upper Miocene Monterey shales and Capistrano sands overlie these rocks. \r\n\r\nLocal structure in the area includes faulting and some gentle folding. Structural and general topographic trends parallel the NW-SE structural trends of the Santa Ana Mountains.\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/A23X-X756", "publication_date": "1940", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1940" }, { "id": "thesis:4021", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "4021", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10102006-142925", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Holloway_jm_1940.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 4748059, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/4021/1/Holloway_jm_1940.pdf", "version": "v2.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Areal Geology and Contact Relations of the Basement Complex and Later Sediments, West End of the San Gabriel Mountains, California", "author": [ { "family_name": "Holloway", "given_name": "John Marshall", "clpid": "Holloway-John-Marshall" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" }, { "family_name": "Maxson", "given_name": "John H.", "clpid": "Maxson-J-H" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The west end of the San Gabriel Mountains is a relatively small block of pre-Cretaceous metamorphic complex faulted from the main mass of the San Gabriel Mountains by the San Gabriel fault. Their core of metamorphic rocks is flanked on three sides by Tertiary sediments represented by Eocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene formations. The Eocene and Pliocene are characteristic off-shore and littoral marine deposits. The Pleistocene is principally of terrestrial origin.\r\n\r\nThe area is one of structural complexity. This can be accounted for, in part, by assuming that this end of the mountain block acted as a centre of rotation for north-south compressional forces that were active to the west.\r\n\r\nThe San Gabriel Range is believed to be a fault block, raised to its present elevation principally by movements along faults which parallel the north and south margins. The faulting is not restricted to the extreme margins, but often is located within the range itself.\r\n\r\nThe west slope of the range is characterized by depositional relations between the sediments and the underlying mountain mass. If any faulting has occurred, it is thought to be farther west than the contact between the sediments and the basement complex and to be concealed beneath the younger sediments.\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/S8Q6-4M27", "publication_date": "1940", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1940" }, { "id": "thesis:5452", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5452", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12162009-093752725", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Nolte_cb_1937.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 10236119, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5452/1/Nolte_cb_1937.pdf", "version": "v4.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Structure and Stratigraphy of a Portion of San Gabriel Foothills in the Northern Third of the Sunland Quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California", "author": [ { "family_name": "Nolte", "given_name": "Claude Byron", "clpid": "Nolte-Claude-Byron" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "None", "given_name": "None" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The area is located in San Fernando Valley, California, northwest of the small town of Sunland. The area extends 2\u00bd miles eastward from Little Tujunga Canyon to Ebbie Canyon along the north side of Tujunga Wash and thence northward one mile up Ebbie Canyon to the basement complex; it extends 1\u00bd miles north-eastward from Tujunga Wash up Little Tujunga Canyon.
\r\n\r\nTo reach the area from Pasadena, drive 20 miles west from the center of town along Foothill Blvd. The center of the south side of the area lies at the point where Foothill Blvd. resumes its east-west direction after crossing Tujunga Wash, about 2 miles beyond Sunland.
\r\n\r\nThe area is a trapezium with the east side trending N 13\u00b0 E for 6000' from the mouth of Ebbie Canyon, the north side trends 10,000' N 56\u00b0 W, to Little Tujunga Canyon. The western side extends for 11,500' S 50\u00b0 W, while the south side runs 16,000' S 80 E back to Ebbie Canyon.
\r\n\r\nThe area of the trapezium is 2568 acres or 4.06 square miles. There is very little human culture in the region. Along the south side there is a fringe of orange groves with a road up Oliver and Schwartz Canyons to small ranches. In the north-west corner there is a ranch on the large Q.O.Al. terrace. A road runs up Ebbie Canyon to the granite complex. The Forestry Service is building a road near the northern boundary to extend westward from the\r\nupper end of Doan Canyon.
\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/CH9G-W502", "publication_date": "1937", "thesis_type": "bachelors", "thesis_year": "1937" }, { "id": "thesis:5622", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5622", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:03282010-103919027", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "White_ws_1937.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 5157110, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5622/1/White_ws_1937.pdf", "version": "v5.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Geology of the Pacoima-Little Tujunga area", "author": [ { "family_name": "White", "given_name": "Walter Stanley", "clpid": "White-Walter-Stanley" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "Unknown", "given_name": "Unknown" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "Location: The Pacoima-Little Tujunga area is located in Los Angeles County, Cal., in the foothills of the western San Gabriel Mountains north and northeast of the town of San Fernando. The bounding meridians are Lat. 34\u00b0 17'-34\u00b0 20\u2019N and Long. 118\u00b0 20 1/2'-118\u00b0 24 1/2'W. More precisely, the area includes about 11 square miles bounded by Little Tujunga Canyon on the east, Tujunga Valley on the south, Pacoima Wash on the west, and the Sierra Madre Fault (herein called the Lopez fault, a local name.) on the north.\r\nThe location of the area is shown in Fig. 1.
\r\n\r\nPurpose of the work: The work was done in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the California Institute of Technology.
\r\n\r\nThe primary purpose of the work was to extend knowledge\r\nof the stratigraphy and structure of this part of the Los Angeles Basin. It was also considered that the area might be suitable for mapping by students of field geology at the Institute.
\r\n\r\nMethod of field work: The geology was plotted in the field on aerial photographs (scale 1500 ft. to the inch) made by the Fairchild Aerial Surveys, but the procedure is not recommended. Ease and accuracy of location are greater, but the labor and inaccuracies of transferring data to topographic maps more than make up for these advantages. With only limited field time and plenty of time to work up results, however, persons will find this method very useful.
\r\n\r\nLocation and measurements of attitude were made with a\r\nBrunton Compass.
\r\n\r\nSix weeks in the summer of 1936 and occasional days during the academic year 1936-37 were spent in the field, making a total of about 50 days of actual mapping.
\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/CYM4-XK34", "publication_date": "1937", "thesis_type": "masters", "thesis_year": "1937" }, { "id": "thesis:5433", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5433", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12102009-092225763", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "George_jw_1937.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 8962735, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5433/1/George_jw_1937.pdf", "version": "v4.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Geologic Report on a Portion of the Little Tujunga Quadrangle and a Portion of the Sunland Quadrangle", "author": [ { "family_name": "George", "given_name": "John (Jack) Wesley", "clpid": "George-John-Jack-Wesley" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "None", "given_name": "None" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The area under investigation is in the north-west portion of Sunland Quadrangle and the south-west portion of the Little Tujunga Quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California. The maps used were the advance sheets of\r\nthese two quadrangles surveyed in 1933 by the United States Geological Survey with a scale of 1:24,000 and a contour interval of twenty-five feet.
\r\n\r\nThe area is reached by traveling westward along Foothill Boulevard from Pasadena through the town of Sunland and continuing along the boulevard approximately six miles past Sunland and then turning right on the road pointing to Kagel Canyon.
\r\n\r\nSpecifically, the area is bounded on the south by the alluvium of Tujunga Valley, on the west by Lopez Canyon, on the east by Herrick Canyon, and on the north by the so called Sierra Madre Fault which give the fault contact between the Saugus sediments and the basement complex. The area is about three miles long (North-South) and two and one-half miles wide (East-West) giving a total area of approximately seven and one-half square miles.
\r\n\r\nThe field work was done on occasional Saturdays and Sundays during the school year of 1936-1937. The purpose of the work is to gain a more thorough knowledge of geological field mapping and of the structural interpretation of field work results.
\r\n\r\nThe work was done largely under the supervision of Dr. Francis Bode. His suggestions were very helpful. Mr. Richard Hopper's help was very valuable. Mr. Walter White, who covered the same area as partial fulfillment of his thesis for a Master's degree in geology offered many suggestions. For reference, the paper, \"Structure of the San Gabriel Mountains North of Los Angeles, California\", by Mason L. Hill found in the University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, Volume 19, 1929-1931 was used as well as U.S.G.S. Bulletin 753 by William S.W. Kew.
\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/PW3T-1E97", "publication_date": "1937", "thesis_type": "senior_major", "thesis_year": "1937" }, { "id": "thesis:5473", "collection": "thesis", "collection_id": "5473", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:12222009-111648744", "primary_object_url": { "basename": "Nelson_le_1936.pdf", "content": "final", "filesize": 3483054, "license": "other", "mime_type": "application/pdf", "url": "/5473/1/Nelson_le_1936.pdf", "version": "v5.0.0" }, "type": "thesis", "title": "Geologic Studies in the Vicinity of Dry Canyon, Los Angeles County, California", "author": [ { "family_name": "Nelson", "given_name": "Loyal Edward", "clpid": "Nelson-Loyal-Edward" } ], "thesis_advisor": [ { "family_name": "Bode", "given_name": "Francis D.", "clpid": "Bode-F-D" } ], "thesis_committee": [ { "family_name": "None", "given_name": "None" } ], "local_group": [ { "literal": "div_gps" } ], "abstract": "The area studied is located approximately 40 miles northwest of Pasadena, about 5 miles north of Saugus, and around Dry Canyon Reservoir. It covers about 3.5 square miles, extending from Haskell Canyon west to San Francisquito Canyon. This field problem was undertaken in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Science Degree.
\r\n\r\nA Brunton compass and an enlarged portion (1\"-1000') of the Saugus Quadrangle were used in the mapping work. Though the region is one of moderate relief, good outcrops are few. This is perhaps principally due to the softness of the sediments.
\r\n\r\nA coordinate system is used to facilitate the location of specific points on the geologic map. Numerals are used to give east-west positions and letters are used on the north-south coordinate lines.
\r\n\r\nOnly sedimentary rocks are found in the field area. These have been divided into four formations which, beginning with the oldest, are the Mint Canyon, Dry Canyon, and Saugus formations, and Quaternary gravels. Unconformities separate each of these formations. The Mint\r\nCanyon formation is known to be of continental origin since remains of land vertebrates have been found in these strata. Marine fossils are found in the Dry Canyon formation. The Saugus formation and Quaternary gravels are very likely continental deposits.
\r\n\r\nIn general, the sedimentary beds have been gently deformed into fold structures whose axes trend in an E - W direction. Faulting may have accompanied the folding since several reverse types of faults were found. Later faulting of the Quaternary gravels also took place. A majority of the larger faults appear to be approximately parallel\r\nto the fold structures.
\r\n", "doi": "10.7907/YKY8-7N10", "publication_date": "1936", "thesis_type": "bachelors", "thesis_year": "1936" } ]