[ { "id": "authors:vq6zj-h0b61", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "vq6zj-h0b61", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140130-094336118", "type": "book_section", "title": "WISE Discovery of Hyper Luminous Galaxies at z = 2-4 and Their Implications for Galaxy and AGN Evolution", "book_title": "Galaxy Mergers in an Evolving Universe", "author": [ { "family_name": "Tsai", "given_name": "Chao-Wei", "orcid": "0000-0002-9390-9672", "clpid": "Tsai-Chao-Wei" }, { "family_name": "Einsenhardt", "given_name": "Peter R. M.", "clpid": "Einsenhardt-P-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Wu", "given_name": "Jingwen", "orcid": "0000-0001-7808-3756", "clpid": "Wu-Jingwen" }, { "family_name": "Bridge", "given_name": "Carrie", "clpid": "Bridge-C-R" }, { "family_name": "Assef", "given_name": "Roberto", "orcid": "0000-0002-9508-3667", "clpid": "Assef-R-J" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "Dominic", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Blain", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-7489-5167", "clpid": "Blain-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Cutri", "given_name": "Roc", "orcid": "0000-0002-0077-2305", "clpid": "Cutri-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Griffith", "given_name": "Roger L.", "clpid": "Griffith-R-L" }, { "family_name": "Jarrett", "given_name": "Thomas", "orcid": "0000-0002-4939-734X", "clpid": "Jarrett-T-H" }, { "family_name": "Lonsdale", "given_name": "Carol", "orcid": "0000-0003-0898-406X", "clpid": "Lonsdale-Carol-J" }, { "family_name": "Petty", "given_name": "Sara", "orcid": "0000-0003-0624-3276", "clpid": "Petty-Sara-M" }, { "family_name": "Sayers", "given_name": "Jack", "orcid": "0000-0002-8213-3784", "clpid": "Sayers-Jack" }, { "family_name": "Stanford", "given_name": "Adam", "clpid": "Stanford-Adam" }, { "family_name": "Stern", "given_name": "Daniel", "orcid": "0000-0003-2686-9241", "clpid": "Stern-D" }, { "family_name": "Wright", "given_name": "Edward L.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5058-1593", "clpid": "Wright-E-L" }, { "family_name": "Yan", "given_name": "Lin", "orcid": "0000-0003-1710-9339", "clpid": "Yan-Lin" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Sun", "given_name": "Wei-Hsin", "clpid": "Sun-Wei-Hsin" }, { "family_name": "Xu", "given_name": "C. Kevin", "clpid": "Xu-C-Kevin" }, { "family_name": "Scoville", "given_name": "Nick Z.", "clpid": "Scoville-N-Z" }, { "family_name": "Sanders", "given_name": "David B.", "clpid": "Sanders-D-B" } ], "abstract": "On behalf of the WISE Science team, we present the discovery of a class of distant dust-enshrouded galaxies with extremely high luminosity. These galaxies are selected to have extreme red colors in the mid-IR using NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). They are faint in the optical and near-IR, predominantly at z=2-4, and with IR luminosity > 10^(13)L_\u2609, making them Hyper-Luminous Infrared Galaxies (HyLIRGs). SEDs incorporating the WISE, Spitzer, and Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometry indicate hot dust dominates the bolometric luminosity, presumably powered by AGN. Preliminary multi-wavelength follow-up suggests that they are different from normal populations in the local M-sigma relation. Their low source density implies that these objects are either intrinsically rare, or a short-lived phase in a more numerous population. If the latter is the case, these hot, dust-enshrouded galaxies may be an early stage in the interplay between AGN and galaxies.", "doi": "10.48550/arXiv.1311.0120", "isbn": "978-1-58381-838-1", "publisher": "Astronomical Society of the Pacific", "place_of_publication": "San Francisco, CA", "publication_date": "2011-10", "pages": "247-250" }, { "id": "authors:qtsgw-exf89", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "qtsgw-exf89", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181211-084149249", "type": "book_section", "title": "Detecting Low-Order CO Emission from z \u2273 4 Quasar Host Galaxies", "book_title": "Galaxy Evolution across the Hubble Time", "author": [ { "family_name": "Riechers", "given_name": "D. A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9585-1462", "clpid": "Riechers-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Walter", "given_name": "F.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4793-7880", "clpid": "Walter-F" }, { "family_name": "Carilli", "given_name": "C. L.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6647-3861", "clpid": "Carilli-C-L" }, { "family_name": "Knudsen", "given_name": "K. K.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7821-8873", "clpid": "Knudsen-K-K" }, { "family_name": "Lo", "given_name": "K. Y.", "clpid": "Lo-K-Y" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "D. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Staguhn", "given_name": "J. G.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8437-0433", "clpid": "Staguhn-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Hunter", "given_name": "T. R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6492-0090", "clpid": "Hunter-T-R" }, { "family_name": "Bertoldi", "given_name": "F.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1707-1775", "clpid": "Bertoldi-F" }, { "family_name": "Henkel", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Henkel-Christian" }, { "family_name": "Menten", "given_name": "K. M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6459-0669", "clpid": "Menten-K-M" }, { "family_name": "Weiss", "given_name": "A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4678-3939", "clpid": "Weiss-Axel" }, { "family_name": "Yun", "given_name": "M. S.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7095-7543", "clpid": "Yun-Min-S" }, { "family_name": "Scoville", "given_name": "N. Z.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0438-3323", "clpid": "Scoville-N-Z" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Combes", "given_name": "Francoise", "clpid": "Combes-F" }, { "family_name": "Palou\u0161", "given_name": "Jan", "clpid": "Palou\u0161-J" } ], "abstract": "Molecular gas has now been detected in 15 z>2 QSOs. These detections are commonly obtained by observing high\u2013J CO transitions due to their relatively high peak fluxes and observing frequencies in the millimeter atmospheric windows. However, only observations of the CO ground-state transition, CO(1\u20130), have the potential to trace the molecular gas at lower excitations, which may give a better estimate of the total molecular gas mass of high\u2013z QSOs. Here we present first z>4 CO(1\u20130) observations obtained with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope and the MPIfR Effelsberg telescope (Riechers et al. 2006). With these two 100m telescopes, we detect the CO(1\u20130) transition in the high\u2013redshift QSOs BR 1202-0725 (z = 4.7), PSS J2322+1944 (z = 4.1), and APM 08279+5255 (z = 3.9). We find that the CO/FIR luminosity ratios of these high-z sources follow the same trend as seen for low-z galaxies. Utilizing large velocity gradient (LVG) models based on previous results for higher\u2013J CO transitions, we derive that all CO emission can be described by a single gas component and that all molecular gas appears to be concentrated in a compact nuclear region. We thus find no evidence for luminous, extended CO(1\u20130) components in the molecular gas reservoirs around our target quasars.", "doi": "10.1017/s1743921306010507", "isbn": "9780521863445", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place_of_publication": "Cambridge", "publication_date": "2006-08", "pages": "423" }, { "id": "authors:yke3c-gv036", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "yke3c-gv036", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181219-133357476", "type": "book_section", "title": "The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer: a practical interferometer for the detection and characterization of extrasolar giant planets", "book_title": "New Frontiers in Stellar Interferometry", "author": [ { "family_name": "Danchi", "given_name": "W. C.", "clpid": "Danchi-W-C" }, { "family_name": "Allen", "given_name": "R. J.", "clpid": "Allen-R-J" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "D. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Deming", "given_name": "D.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5727-4094", "clpid": "Deming-D" }, { "family_name": "Gezari", "given_name": "D. Y.", "clpid": "Gezari-D-Y" }, { "family_name": "Kuchner", "given_name": "M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2387-5489", "clpid": "Kuchner-M-J" }, { "family_name": "Leisawitz", "given_name": "D. T.", "clpid": "Leisawitz-D-T" }, { "family_name": "Linfield", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Linfield-R-P" }, { "family_name": "Millan-Gabet", "given_name": "R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-0447-5866", "clpid": "Millan-Gabet-R" }, { "family_name": "Monnier", "given_name": "J. D.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3380-3307", "clpid": "Monnier-J-D" }, { "family_name": "Mundy", "given_name": "L. G.", "clpid": "Mundy-L-G" }, { "family_name": "Noecker", "given_name": "C.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1417-2383", "clpid": "Noecker-C" }, { "family_name": "Rajagopal", "given_name": "J.", "clpid": "Rajagopal-J-K" }, { "family_name": "Richardson", "given_name": "L. J.", "clpid": "Richardson-L-J" }, { "family_name": "Rinehart", "given_name": "S.", "clpid": "Rinehart-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Seager", "given_name": "S.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6892-6948", "clpid": "Seager-S" }, { "family_name": "Traub", "given_name": "W. A.", "clpid": "Traub-W-A" }, { "family_name": "Wallace", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "Wallace-D-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Traub", "given_name": "Wesley A.", "clpid": "Traub-W-A" } ], "abstract": "The Fourier-Kelvin Stellar Interferometer (FKSI) is a mission concept for a nulling interferometer for the near-to-mid-infrared spectral region (3-8\u00b5m). FKSI is conceived as a scientific and technological precursor to TPF. The scientific emphasis of the mission is on the evolution of protostellar systems, from just after the collapse of the precursor molecular cloud core, through the formation of the disk surrounding the protostar, the formation of planets in the disk, and eventual dispersal of the disk material. FKSI will answer key questions about extrasolar planets: \u03a3 What are the characteristics of the known extrasolar giant planets? \u03a3 What are the characteristics of the extrasolar zodiacal clouds around nearby stars? \u03a3 Are there giant planets around classes of stars other than those already studied? We present preliminary results of a detailed design study of the FKSI. Using a nulling interferometer configuration, the optical system consists of two 0.5m telescopes on a 12.5m boom feeding a Mach-Zender beam combiner with a fiber wavefront error reducer to produce a 0.01% null of the central starlight. With this system, planets around nearby stars can be detected and characterized using a combination of spectral and spatial resolution.", "doi": "10.1117/12.552077", "isbn": "9780819454232", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2004-10-20", "pages": "236-242" }, { "id": "authors:3vzs3-m5q35", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3vzs3-m5q35", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190122-073517935", "type": "book_section", "title": "The science case and mission concept for the Single Aperture Far-Infrared (SAFIR) Observatory", "book_title": "Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Space Telescopes", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lester", "given_name": "Daniel", "clpid": "Lester-D-F" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "Dominic", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Blain", "given_name": "Andrew", "orcid": "0000-0001-7489-5167", "clpid": "Blain-A-W" }, { "family_name": "Bradford", "given_name": "C. Matt", "orcid": "0000-0001-5261-7094", "clpid": "Bradford-C-M" }, { "family_name": "Dragovan", "given_name": "Mark", "clpid": "Dragovan-M" }, { "family_name": "Langer", "given_name": "William", "clpid": "Langer-W-D" }, { "family_name": "Lawrence", "given_name": "Charles", "clpid": "Lawrence-C-R" }, { "family_name": "Leisawitz", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Leisawitz-D-T" }, { "family_name": "Mather", "given_name": "John", "clpid": "Mather-J-C" }, { "family_name": "Moseley", "given_name": "S. Harvey", "clpid": "Moseley-S-H" }, { "family_name": "Mundy", "given_name": "Lee", "clpid": "Mundy-L-G" }, { "family_name": "Rieke", "given_name": "George", "orcid": "0000-0003-2303-6519", "clpid": "Rieke-G-H" }, { "family_name": "Stacey", "given_name": "Gordon", "clpid": "Stacey-G-J" }, { "family_name": "Yorke", "given_name": "Harold", "clpid": "Yorke-H-W" }, { "family_name": "Young", "given_name": "Erick", "clpid": "Young-E-T" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Mather", "given_name": "John C.", "clpid": "Mather-J-C" } ], "abstract": "SAFIR is a large (10 m-class), cold (4-10 K) space telescope for wavelengths between 20 microns and 1 mm. It will provide sensitivity a factor of a hundred or more greater than that of Spitzer and Herschel, leveraging their capabilities and building on their scientific legacies. Covering this scientifically critical wavelength regime, it will complement the expected wavelength performance of the future flagship endeavors JWST and ALMA. This vision mission will probe the origin of stars and galaxies in the early universe, and explore the formation of solar systems around nearby young stars. Endorsed as a priority by the Decadal Study and successive OSS roadmaps, SAFIR represents a huge science need that is matched by promising and innovative technologies that will allow us to satisfy it. In exercising those technologies it will create the path for future infrared missions. This paper reviews the scientific goals of the mission and promising approaches for its architecture, and considers remaining technological hurdles. We review how SAFIR responds to the scientific challenges in the OSS Strategic Plan, and how the observatory can be brought within technological reach.", "doi": "10.1117/12.551335", "isbn": "9780819454195", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2004-10-12", "pages": "1507-1521" }, { "id": "authors:t2xwk-2cv91", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "t2xwk-2cv91", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180809-133557379", "type": "book_section", "title": "FIBRE: a broadband submillimeter spectrometer using superconducting bolometer arrays", "book_title": "Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II", "author": [ { "family_name": "Staguhn", "given_name": "Johannes", "orcid": "0000-0002-8437-0433", "clpid": "Staguhn-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "Dominic", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Pajot", "given_name": "Fran\u00e7ois", "clpid": "Pajot-F" }, { "family_name": "Ames", "given_name": "Troy", "clpid": "Ames-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Allen", "given_name": "Christine", "clpid": "Allen-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Chervenak", "given_name": "Jay", "clpid": "Chervenak-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Lefranc", "given_name": "Sebastien", "clpid": "Lefranc-S" }, { "family_name": "Maher", "given_name": "Steven", "orcid": "0000-0002-1987-6104", "clpid": "Maher-S" }, { "family_name": "Moseley", "given_name": "Harvey", "clpid": "Moseley-S-H" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "Thomas", "clpid": "Phillips-T-G" }, { "family_name": "Rioux", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Rioux-C-G" }, { "family_name": "Shafer", "given_name": "Rick", "clpid": "Shafer-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Voellmer", "given_name": "George", "clpid": "Voellmer-G-M" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Zmuidzinas", "given_name": "Jonas", "clpid": "Zmuidzinas-J" }, { "family_name": "Holland", "given_name": "Wayne S.", "clpid": "Holland-W-S" }, { "family_name": "Withington", "given_name": "Stafford", "clpid": "Withington-S" } ], "abstract": "The Fabry-Perot Interferometer Bolometer Research Experiment FIBRE, a protoype submillimeter spectrometer for astronomical observations, is based on a helium-cooled scanning Fabry-Perot and superconducting transition edge sensor bolometers (TES). The TES design takes advantage of a recently discovered method of excess noise reduction by depositing lateral normal metal bars on these devices. A SQUID multiplexer is used to read out the individual detector pixels. The spectral resolving power of the instrument is provided by a Fabry-Perot spectrometer. The outgoing light from the Fabry-Perot passes onto a low resolution grating for order sorting. A linear bolometer array consisting of 16 elements detects this dispersed light, capturing 5 orders simultaneously from one position on the sky. With tuning of the Fabry-Perot over one free spectral range, a spectrum covering \u0394\u03bb/\u03bb =1/7 at a resolution of ~1/1200 can be achieved. This spectral resolution is sufficient to resolve doppler broadened line emission from external galaxies. FIBRE operates in the 350 \u03bcm and 450 \u03bcm bands. These bands cover line emission from the important PDR tracers neutral carbon [CI] and carbon monoxide CO. The spectrometer is used at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory for astronomical observations.", "doi": "10.1117/12.552128", "isbn": "9780819454300", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2004-10-08", "pages": "438-445" }, { "id": "authors:snarp-fw944", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "snarp-fw944", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110523722", "type": "book_section", "title": "Two bolometer arrays for far-infrared and submillimeter astronomy", "book_title": "Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II", "author": [ { "family_name": "Silverberg", "given_name": "R. F.", "clpid": "Silverberg-R-F" }, { "family_name": "Allen", "given_name": "C. A.", "clpid": "Allen-C-A" }, { "family_name": "Babu", "given_name": "S. R.", "clpid": "Babu-S-R" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "D. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Chuss", "given_name": "D. T.", "clpid": "Chuss-D-T" }, { "family_name": "Dotson", "given_name": "J. L.", "clpid": "Dotson-J-L" }, { "family_name": "Dowell", "given_name": "C. D.", "clpid": "Dowell-C-D" }, { "family_name": "Harper", "given_name": "D. A.", "clpid": "Harper-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Jhabvala", "given_name": "M. D.", "clpid": "Jhabvala-M-D" }, { "family_name": "Loewenstein", "given_name": "R. F.", "clpid": "Loewenstein-R-F" }, { "family_name": "Moseley", "given_name": "S. H.", "clpid": "Moseley-S-H" }, { "family_name": "Staguhn", "given_name": "J. G.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8437-0433", "clpid": "Staguhn-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Voellmer", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Voellmer-G-M" }, { "family_name": "Wollack", "given_name": "E. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7567-4451", "clpid": "Wollack-E-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Zmuidzinas", "given_name": "Jonas", "clpid": "Zmuidzinas-J" }, { "family_name": "Holland", "given_name": "Wayne S.", "clpid": "Holland-W-S" }, { "family_name": "Withington", "given_name": "Stafford", "clpid": "Withington-S" } ], "abstract": "We describe the development, construction, and testing of two 384 element arrays of ion-implanted semiconducting cryogenic bolometers designed for use in far-infrared and submillimeter cameras. These two dimensional arrays are assembled from a number of 32 element linear arrays of monolithic Pop-Up bolometer Detectors (PUD) developed at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center. PUD technology allows the construction of large, high filling factor, arrays that make efficient use of available focal plane area in far-infrared and submillimeter astronomical instruments. Such arrays can be used to provide a significant increase in mapping speed over smaller arrays. A prototype array has been delivered and integrated into a ground-based camera, the Submillimeter High Angular Resolution Camera (SHARC II), a facility instrument at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). A second array has recently been delivered for integration into the High-resolution Airborne Widebandwidth Camera (HAWC), a far-infrared imaging camera for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). HAWC is scheduled for commissioning in 2005.", "doi": "10.1117/12.552422", "isbn": "9780819454300", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2004-10-08", "pages": "187-195" }, { "id": "authors:kwpvt-6tx07", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "kwpvt-6tx07", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190114-155517879", "type": "book_section", "title": "Astronomical demonstration of superconducting bolometer arrays", "book_title": "Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy", "author": [ { "family_name": "Staguhn", "given_name": "Johannes", "orcid": "0000-0002-8437-0433", "clpid": "Staguhn-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "Dominic", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Pajot", "given_name": "Fran\u00e7ois", "clpid": "Pajot-F" }, { "family_name": "Ames", "given_name": "Troy", "clpid": "Ames-T-J" }, { "family_name": "Chervenak", "given_name": "Jay", "clpid": "Chervenak-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Grossman", "given_name": "Erich", "clpid": "Grossman-E-N" }, { "family_name": "Irwin", "given_name": "Kent", "clpid": "Irwin-K-D" }, { "family_name": "Maffei", "given_name": "Bruno", "clpid": "Maffei-B" }, { "family_name": "Moseley", "given_name": "Harvey", "clpid": "Moseley-S-H" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "Thomas", "clpid": "Phillips-T-G" }, { "family_name": "Reintsema", "given_name": "Carl", "clpid": "Reintsema-C-D" }, { "family_name": "Rioux", "given_name": "Cyrille", "clpid": "Rioux-C" }, { "family_name": "Shafer", "given_name": "Rick", "clpid": "Shafer-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Voellmer", "given_name": "George", "clpid": "Voellmer-G-M" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "Thomas G.", "clpid": "Phillips-T-G" }, { "family_name": "Zmuidzinas", "given_name": "Jonas", "clpid": "Zmuidzinas-J" } ], "abstract": "We have built a prototype submillimeter spectrometer, FIBRE, which is based on a helium-cooled scanning Fabry-Perot and superconducting transition edge sensor bolometers (TES). SQUID multiplexers are used to read out the individual detector pixels. The spectral resolving power of the instrument is provided by the Fabry-Perot spectrometer. The outgoing light from the Fabry-Perot passes onto a low resolution grating for order sorting. A linear bolometer array consisting of 16 elements detects this dispersed light, capturing 5 orders simultaneously from one position on the sky. With tuning of the Fabry-Perot over one free spectral range, a spectrum covering \u0394\u03bb/\u03bb=1/7 at a resolution of ~1/1200 can be achieved. The spectral resolution is sufficient to resolve doppler broadened line emission from external galaxies. FIBRE operates in the 350 \u03bcm and 450 \u03bcm bands. These bands cover line emission from the important PDR tracers neutral carbon [CI] and carbon monoxide CO. The spectrometer was used at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory to obtain the first ever astronomical observations using multiplexed arrays of superconducting transition edge bolometers.", "doi": "10.1117/12.459377", "isbn": "9780819446343", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2003-02-17", "pages": "100-107" }, { "id": "authors:dzxw7-rv532", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "dzxw7-rv532", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20111101-150746771", "type": "book_section", "title": "First Astronomical Use of Multiplexed Transition Edge Bolometers", "book_title": "Low Temperature Detectors", "author": [ { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "D. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Ames", "given_name": "T. A.", "clpid": "Ames-T-A" }, { "family_name": "Chervenak", "given_name": "J. A.", "clpid": "Chervenak-J-A" }, { "family_name": "Grossman", "given_name": "E. N.", "clpid": "Grossman-E-N" }, { "family_name": "Irwin", "given_name": "K. D.", "clpid": "Irwin-K-D" }, { "family_name": "Khan", "given_name": "S. A.", "clpid": "Khan-S-A" }, { "family_name": "Maffei", "given_name": "B.", "clpid": "Maffei-B" }, { "family_name": "Moseley", "given_name": "S. H.", "clpid": "Moseley-S-H" }, { "family_name": "Pajot", "given_name": "F.", "clpid": "Pajot-F" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "T. G.", "clpid": "Phillips-T-G" }, { "family_name": "Renault", "given_name": "J.-C.", "clpid": "Renault-J-C" }, { "family_name": "Reintsema", "given_name": "C. D.", "clpid": "Reintsema-C-D" }, { "family_name": "Rioux", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Rioux-C-G" }, { "family_name": "Shafer", "given_name": "R. A.", "clpid": "Shafer-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Staguhn", "given_name": "J. G.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8437-0433", "clpid": "Staguhn-J-G" }, { "family_name": "Vastel", "given_name": "C.", "clpid": "Vastel-C" }, { "family_name": "Voellmer", "given_name": "G. M.", "clpid": "Voellmer-G-M" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Porter", "given_name": "F. S.", "clpid": "Porter-F-S" }, { "family_name": "McCammon", "given_name": "D.", "clpid": "McCammon-D" }, { "family_name": "Galeazi", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Galeazi-M" }, { "family_name": "Stahle", "given_name": "C. K.", "clpid": "Stahle-C-K" } ], "abstract": "We present performance results based on the first astronomical use of multiplexed superconducting bolometers. The Fabry-Perot Interferometer Bolometer Research Experiment\n(FIBRE) is a broadband submillimeter spectrometer that achieved first light in June 2001 at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). FIBRE'S detectors are superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers read out by a SQUID multiplexer. The Fabry-Perot uses a low\nresolution grating to order sort the incoming light. A linear bolometer array consisting of 16 elements detects this dispersed light, capturing 5 orders simultaneously from one position on the sky. With tuning of the Fabry-Perot over one free spectral range, a spectrum covering \u0394\u03bb/\u03bb= 1/7 at a resolution of \u03b4\u03bb/\u03bb \u2248 1/1200 can be acquired. This spectral resolution is sufficient to resolve\nDoppler-broadened line emission from external galaxies. FIBRE operates in the 350 \u00b5m and 450 \u00b5m bands. These bands cover line emission from the important star formation tracers neutral\ncarbon [Cl] and carbon monoxide (CO). We have verified that the multiplexed bolometers are\nphoton noise limited even with the low power present in moderate resolution spectrometry.", "doi": "10.1063/1.1457715", "isbn": "0-7354-0049-0", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "place_of_publication": "Melville, N.Y.", "publication_date": "2002-02-05", "pages": "589-592" }, { "id": "authors:1yzgq-n2b09", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1yzgq-n2b09", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190823-105107263", "type": "book_section", "title": "The 1995\u20132002 Long-Term Monitoring of Comet C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) at Radio Wavelength", "book_title": "Cometary Science after Hale-Bopp", "author": [ { "family_name": "Biver", "given_name": "Nicolas", "clpid": "Biver-Nicolas" }, { "family_name": "Bockel\u00e9e-Morvan", "given_name": "Dominique", "clpid": "Bockel\u00e9e-Morvan-Dominique" }, { "family_name": "Colom", "given_name": "Pierre", "clpid": "Colom-Pierre" }, { "family_name": "Crovisier", "given_name": "Jacques", "clpid": "Crovisier-Jacques" }, { "family_name": "Henry", "given_name": "Florence", "clpid": "Henry-Florence" }, { "family_name": "Lellouch", "given_name": "Emmanuel", "orcid": "0000-0001-7168-1577", "clpid": "Lellouch-Emmanuel" }, { "family_name": "Winnberg", "given_name": "Anders", "clpid": "Winnberg-Anders" }, { "family_name": "Johansson", "given_name": "Lars E. B.", "clpid": "Johansson-L-E-B" }, { "family_name": "Gunnarsson", "given_name": "Marcus", "clpid": "Gunnarsson-Marcus" }, { "family_name": "Rickman", "given_name": "Hans", "clpid": "Rickman-Hans" }, { "family_name": "Rantakyr\u00f6", "given_name": "Fredrik", "clpid": "Rantakyr\u00f6-F-T" }, { "family_name": "Davies", "given_name": "John K.", "clpid": "Davies-J-K" }, { "family_name": "Dent", "given_name": "William R. F.", "clpid": "Dent-W-R-F" }, { "family_name": "Paubert", "given_name": "Gabriel", "clpid": "Paubert-Gabriel" }, { "family_name": "Moreno", "given_name": "Rapha\u00ebl", "clpid": "Moreno-Rapha\u00ebl" }, { "family_name": "Wink", "given_name": "J\u00f6rn", "clpid": "Wink-J\u00f6rn" }, { "family_name": "Despois", "given_name": "Didier", "clpid": "Despois-Didier" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "Dominic J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Gardner", "given_name": "Matt", "clpid": "Gardner-M-B" }, { "family_name": "Lis", "given_name": "Dariusz C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-0500-4700", "clpid": "Lis-D-C" }, { "family_name": "Mehringer", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Mehringer-David" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "Thomas G.", "clpid": "Phillips-T-G" }, { "family_name": "Rauer", "given_name": "Heike", "clpid": "Rauer-Heike" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Boehnhardt", "given_name": "H.", "clpid": "Boehnhardt-H" }, { "family_name": "Combi", "given_name": "M.", "clpid": "Combi-M" }, { "family_name": "Kidger", "given_name": "M. R.", "clpid": "Kidger-M-R" }, { "family_name": "Schulz", "given_name": "R.", "clpid": "Schulz-R-R" } ], "abstract": "The bright comet Hale-Bopp provided the first opportunity to follow the outgassing rates of a number of molecular species over a large range of heliocentric distances. We present the results of our observing campaign at radio wavelengths which began in August 1995 and ended in January 2002. The observations were carried out with the telescopes of Nan\u00e7ay, IRAM, JCMT, CSO and, since September 1997, SEST. The lines of nine molecules (OH, CO, HCN, CH_3OH, H_2CO, H_2S, CS, CH_3CN and HNC) were monitored. CS, H_2S, H_2CO, CH_3CN were detected up to r_h = 3\u20134 AU from the Sun, while HCN and CH_3OH were detected up to 6 AU. CO, which is the main driver of cometary activity at heliocentric distances larger than 3\u20134 AU, was last detected in August 2001, at r_h = 14 AU. \n\nThe gas production rates obtained from this programme contain important information on the nature of cometary ices, their thermal properties and sublimation mechanisms. Line shapes allow to measure gas expansion velocities, which, at large heliocentric distances, might be directly connected to the temperature of the nucleus surface. Inferred expansion velocity of the gas varied as r_h^(\u22120.4) within 7 AU from the Sun, but remained close to 0.4 km s^(\u22121) further away. The CO spectra obtained at large r h are strongly blueshifted and indicative of an important day-to-night asymmetry in outgassing and expansion velocity. The kinetic temperature of the coma, estimated from the relative intensities of the CH_3OH and CO lines, increased with decreasing r_h, from about 10 K at 7 AU to 110 K around perihelion.", "doi": "10.1007/978-94-017-1088-6_1", "isbn": "9789048161560", "publisher": "Springer Netherlands", "place_of_publication": "Dordrecht", "publication_date": "2002-01", "pages": "5-14" }, { "id": "authors:9511e-ce557", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "9511e-ce557", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181204-132722808", "type": "book_section", "title": "Submillimeter and far-infrared experiment (SAFIRE): a PI class instrument for SOFIA", "book_title": "Airborne Telescope Systems", "author": [ { "family_name": "Shafer", "given_name": "R. A.", "clpid": "Shafer-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Moseley", "given_name": "S. H., Jr.", "clpid": "Moseley-S-H" }, { "family_name": "Ade", "given_name": "P. A.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5127-0401", "clpid": "Ade-P-A-R" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "D. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Bjoraker", "given_name": "G.", "clpid": "Bjoraker-G-L" }, { "family_name": "Dwek", "given_name": "E.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8033-1181", "clpid": "Dwek-E" }, { "family_name": "Neufeld", "given_name": "D. A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8341-1646", "clpid": "Neufeld-D-A" }, { "family_name": "Pajot", "given_name": "F.", "clpid": "Pajot-F" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "T. G.", "clpid": "Phillips-T-G" }, { "family_name": "Stacey", "given_name": "G. J.", "clpid": "Stacey-G-J" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Melugin", "given_name": "Ramsey K.", "clpid": "Melugin-R-K" }, { "family_name": "Roeser", "given_name": "Hans-Peter", "clpid": "Roeser-H-P" } ], "abstract": "SAFIRE is a versatile imaging Fabry-Perot spectrograph covering 145 to 655 microns, with spectral resolving powers ranging over 5 - 10,000. Selected as a 'PI' instrument for the airborne Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). SAFIRE will apply 2D pop-up bolometer arrays to provide background-limited imaging spectrometry. Superconducting transition edge bolometers and SQUID multiplexers are being developed for these detectors. SAFIRE is expected to be a 'First Light' instrument, usable during the initial SOFIA operations. Although a PI instrument rather than a 'Facility Class' science instrument, it will be highly integrated with the standard SOFIA planning, observation, and data analysis tools.", "doi": "10.1117/12.389126", "isbn": "9780819436399", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "2000-06-20", "pages": "98-108" }, { "id": "authors:c410q-tc153", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "c410q-tc153", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180809-161901613", "type": "book_section", "title": "Development of a broadband submillimeter grating spectrometer", "book_title": "Advanced Technology MMW, Radio, and Terahertz Telescopes", "author": [ { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "D. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Serabyn", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Serabyn-E" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "T. G.", "clpid": "Phillips-T-G" }, { "family_name": "Moseley", "given_name": "S. H.", "clpid": "Moseley-S-H" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "Thomas G.", "clpid": "Phillips-T-G" } ], "abstract": "One of the central issues in astronomy is the formation and evolution of galaxies at large redshifts. Submillimeter observations are essential to understanding these processes. One of the best prospects for high redshift submillimeter observations is the study of the C_(II) 158 micrometer fine- structure line, which carries about 0.2% of the total luminosity of nearby starburst galaxies. However, current heterodyne receivers at submillimeter observatories have insufficient bandwidth to detect the full extent of highly broadened emission lines. We are developing a broadband grating spectrometer for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory with a total bandwidth of ~3400 km/s and a velocity resolution of 200 km/s. The detectors will be a linear array of 32 close-packed monolithic silicon bolometers developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. In order to achieve background-limited sensitivity, the bolometers will be cooled to 100 mK by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. The spectrometer optics will consist of a tunable cryogenic immersion grating using broadband filters as order sorters. The spectrometer will be optimized to operate in the 350 \u00b5m and 450 \u00b5m atmospheric windows. Calculations of the sensitivity of the spectrometer reveal that an ultraluminous infrared galaxy of 10^(12) L_\u2299 at a redshift of z = 1 would be detectable at the 3\u03c3 level in the C_(II) line with 20 minutes of integration time.", "doi": "10.1117/12.317363", "isbn": "9780819428042", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "1998-07-31", "pages": "278-288" }, { "id": "authors:cj07q-qr879", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "cj07q-qr879", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161021-133430750", "type": "book_section", "title": "Monolithic Si bolometer array for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory", "book_title": "Instrumentation in Astronomy VIII", "author": [ { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Ning", "orcid": "0000-0002-8810-4554", "clpid": "Wang-Ning" }, { "family_name": "Hunter", "given_name": "T. R.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6492-0090", "clpid": "Hunter-T-R" }, { "family_name": "Benford", "given_name": "D. J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9884-4206", "clpid": "Benford-D-J" }, { "family_name": "Serabyn", "given_name": "E.", "clpid": "Serabyn-E" }, { "family_name": "Phillips", "given_name": "T. G.", "clpid": "Phillips-T-G" } ], "contributor": [ { "family_name": "Crawford", "given_name": "David L.", "clpid": "Crawford-D-L" }, { "family_name": "Moseley", "given_name": "Samuel H., Jr.", "clpid": "Moseley-S-H-Jr" }, { "family_name": "Craine", "given_name": "Eric R.", "clpid": "Craine-E-R" } ], "abstract": "We are developing a submillimeter continuum camera for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) located on Mauna Kea. The camera will employ a monolithic Si bolometer array which was developed by Mosley et al. at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The camera will be cooled to a temperature of about 300 mK in a ^3He cryostat, and will operate primarily at wavelengths of 350 and 450 micrometers. We plan to use a bolometer array with 1 x 24 directly illuminated pixels, each pixel of dimension 1 x 2 mm^2, which is about half of the F/4 beam size at these wavelengths. Each pixel is 10 - 12 micrometers thick and is supported only by four thin Si legs formed by wet chemical etch. The pixels are doped n-type by phosphorus implantation, compensated by boron implantation. Signals from the bolometer pixels are first amplified by cryogenically cooled FETs. The signals are further amplified by room-temperature amplifiers and then separately digitized by 16 bit A/D converters with differential inputs. The outputs of the A/D converters are fed into a digital signal processing board via fiber-optic cables. The electronics and data acquisition system were designed by the Goddard group. We will report the status of this effort.", "doi": "10.1117/12.176729", "isbn": "0-8194-1493-X", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_publication": "Bellingham, WA", "publication_date": "1994-06-01", "pages": "749-756" } ]