[ { "id": "authors:n6760-ggj23", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "n6760-ggj23", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140110-115839088", "type": "article", "title": "LIGO: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory", "author": [ { "family_name": "Abramovici", "given_name": "Alex", "clpid": "Abramovici-A" }, { "family_name": "Althouse", "given_name": "William E.", "clpid": "Althouse-W-E" }, { "family_name": "Drever", "given_name": "Ronald W. P.", "clpid": "Drever-R-W-P" }, { "family_name": "G\u00fcrsel", "given_name": "Yekta", "clpid": "G\u00fcrsel-Y" }, { "family_name": "Kawamura", "given_name": "Seiji", "clpid": "Kawamura-Seiji" }, { "family_name": "Raab", "given_name": "Frederick J.", "clpid": "Raab-F-J" }, { "family_name": "Shoemaker", "given_name": "David", "clpid": "Shoemaker-D" }, { "family_name": "Sievers", "given_name": "Lisa", "clpid": "Sievers-L" }, { "family_name": "Spero", "given_name": "Robert E.", "clpid": "Spero-R-E" }, { "family_name": "Thorne", "given_name": "Kip S.", "clpid": "Thorne-K-S" }, { "family_name": "Vogt", "given_name": "Rochus E.", "clpid": "Vogt-R-E" }, { "family_name": "Weiss", "given_name": "Rainer", "clpid": "Weiss-R" }, { "family_name": "Whitcomb", "given_name": "Stanley E.", "clpid": "Whitcomb-S-E" }, { "family_name": "Zucker", "given_name": "Michael E.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2544-1596", "clpid": "Zucker-M-E" } ], "abstract": "The goal of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Project is to detect and study astrophysical gravitational waves and use data from them for research in physics and astronomy. LIGO will support studies concerning the nature and nonlinear dynamics of gravity, the structures of black holes, and the equation of state of nuclear matter. It will also measure the masses, birth rates, collisions, and distributions of black holes and neutron stars in the universe and probe the cores of supernovae and the very early universe. The technology for LIGO has been developed during the past 20 years. Construction will begin in 1992, and under the present schedule, LIGO's gravitational-wave searches will begin in 1998.", "doi": "10.1126/science.256.5055.325", "issn": "0036-8075", "publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science", "publication": "Science", "publication_date": "1992-04-17", "series_number": "5055", "volume": "256", "issue": "5055", "pages": "325-333" }, { "id": "authors:3m3nj-nnj50", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "3m3nj-nnj50", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140414-110553333", "type": "article", "title": "The Voyager Cosmic Ray Experiment", "author": [ { "family_name": "Stilwell", "given_name": "D. E.", "clpid": "Stilwell-D-E" }, { "family_name": "Davis", "given_name": "W. D.", "clpid": "Davis-W-D" }, { "family_name": "Joyce", "given_name": "R. M.", "clpid": "Joyce-R-M" }, { "family_name": "McDonald", "given_name": "F. B.", "clpid": "McDonald-F-B" }, { "family_name": "Trainor", "given_name": "J. H.", "clpid": "Trainor-J-H" }, { "family_name": "Althouse", "given_name": "W. E.", "clpid": "Althouse-W-E" }, { "family_name": "Cummings", "given_name": "A. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3840-7696", "clpid": "Cummings-A-C" }, { "family_name": "Garrard", "given_name": "T. L.", "clpid": "Garrard-T-L" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "E. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2010-5462", "clpid": "Stone-E-C" }, { "family_name": "Vogt", "given_name": "R. E.", "clpid": "Vogt-R-E" } ], "abstract": "The Voyager Cosmic Ray Experiment includes seven dE/dx-\nE telescopes to measure the energy and charge of\nparticles of 1 \u2264 Z \u2264 26 in the energy range 1-500 MeV/\nnucleon and to measure electron energy in the range\n3 \u2264 E_e \u2264 110 MeV. Isotopic composition of hydrogen\nthrough sulfur in the range up to 75 MeV/nucleon can\nalso be resolved. The electronic systems include a\ndual-gain, charge sensitive preamplifier, 4096-channel\npulse height analyzers for three parameter analysis of\nselected events, and an event type readout polling\nscheme to maximize the use of available telemetry\nspace and to enhance the occurrence of rare events in\nthe data. Details of the detector, electronic and\nmechanical design are presented.", "doi": "10.1109/TNS.1979.4329683", "issn": "0018-9499", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication": "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science", "publication_date": "1979-02", "series_number": "1", "volume": "26", "issue": "1", "pages": "513-520" }, { "id": "authors:q892j-zpx42", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "q892j-zpx42", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140205-074259302", "type": "article", "title": "A Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer", "author": [ { "family_name": "Althouse", "given_name": "W. E.", "clpid": "Althouse-W-E" }, { "family_name": "Cummings", "given_name": "A. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3840-7696", "clpid": "Cummings-A-C" }, { "family_name": "Garrard", "given_name": "T. L.", "clpid": "Garrard-T-L" }, { "family_name": "Mewaldt", "given_name": "R. A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-2178-9111", "clpid": "Mewaldt-R-A" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "E. C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2010-5462", "clpid": "Stone-E-C" }, { "family_name": "Vogt", "given_name": "R. E.", "clpid": "Vogt-R-E" } ], "abstract": "We describe a new instrument to be flown on ISEE-C which is optimized to measure the isotopic composition of solar and galactic cosmic rays with ~5 to ~250 MeV/nucleon. A mass resolution of \u227e 0.3 AMU should be achieved for all elements with charge Z \u2264 30.", "doi": "10.1109/TGE.1978.294547", "issn": "0018-9413", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication": "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics", "publication_date": "1978-07", "series_number": "3", "volume": "16", "issue": "3", "pages": "204-207" }, { "id": "authors:sca10-6be35", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "sca10-6be35", "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20151214-112326236", "type": "article", "title": "A Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Satellite Experiment", "author": [ { "family_name": "Althouse", "given_name": "William E.", "clpid": "Althouse-W-E" }, { "family_name": "Stone", "given_name": "Edward C.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2010-5462", "clpid": "Stone-E-C" }, { "family_name": "Vogt", "given_name": "Rochus E.", "clpid": "Vogt-R-E" } ], "abstract": "A cosmic ray instrument for NASA's OGO-F spacecraft is described. The experiment consists of three charged particle detector systems which are designed to measure the spectra and chemical composition of galactic and solar cosmic rays over selected energy intervals. Two of the detector systems, the \u00bfE-Range and \u00bfE-\u00bferenkov telescopes, will measure the galactic flux and smaller solar flare fluxes, while a third detector system, the Flare telescope, will measure larger fluxes The three telescopes identify particle energy and type by various techniques. Energy loss and range, which provide the identification of protons (1 to 300 MeV), alpha particles (4 to 1200 MeV) and electrons (1 to 500 MeV), are measured in a stack of silicon solid state detectors and tungsten absorbers in the \u00bfE-Range telescope, while the identification of protons (350 to 1000 MeV), alpha particles (1400 to 4000 MeV) an, nuclei through oxygen is provided in the \u00bfE-\u00bferenkov telescope by energy loss measurements in silicon solid state detectors and a velocity measurement in a quartz & \u00bferenkov radiator. The Flare telescope employs a double energy loss measurement in silicon detectors for the identification of protons (17 to 100 MeV) and alpha particles (70 to 400 MeV). The design of the instrument is optimized for maximum use of the available data rate with minimum weight, volume and power requirements.", "doi": "10.1109/TNS.1968.4324858", "issn": "0018-9499", "publisher": "IEEE", "publication": "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science", "publication_date": "1968-02", "series_number": "1", "volume": "15", "issue": "1", "pages": "229-237" } ]