@book_section {CaltechAUTHORS_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/69348,
    title ="Development and Initial Biogeochemical Applications of Compound-Specific Sulfur Isotope Analysis",
    author = "Greenwood, P. F. and Amrani, A.",
    
    
    number = "4",
    pages = "285-312",
    month = "September",
    year = "2014",
    doi = "10.1039/9781782625025-00285",
    
    isbn = "978-1-84973-649-7",
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20160801-104531843",
    note = "© 2015 Royal Society of Chemistry. \n\nPG, KG, AH, and MM acknowledge funding support from CSIRO Flagship Collaboration Fund Cluster for Organic Geochemistry of Mineral Systems and KG also from an ARC Discovery Outstanding Research Award. AA thanks Shimon Feinstein, Itay Reznik, and IEI Ltd for the oil shale and oil samples from Aderet 1 drillhole and the support of ISF grant 1269/12. ALS and MRR acknowledge the support of NSF EAR-1024919. Our valued instrument technicians, Guillaume Paris (Caltech), Kai Rankenburg (UWA), and Ward Said-Ahmad (HUJI) are thanked for extensive help in developing, maintaining, and implementing the respective sulfur-CSIA systems. Michael Böttcher is thanked for an insightful peer review which helped improve this manuscript.",
    revision_no = "12",
    abstract = "Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) has been extended to the ^(32)S and ^(34)S stable isotopes of sulfur (δ^(34)S) through the combination of gas chromatography (GC) and multi-collector inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICPMS). The molecular level resolution of sulfur-CSIA is greatly expanding the biogeochemical applications of existing sulfur isotope methods, particularly with respect to organic sulfur compounds. Sulfur participates in a variety of important biogeochemical and redox processes, with distinctive isotopic fractionations accompanying many of these. For example, hydrogen sulfide produced during microbial sulfate reduction can be strongly depleted in ^(34)S (up to 66‰ in δ^(34)S) compared to the source sulfate. An improved understanding of sulfur biogeochemistry at the molecular level will assist in the interpretation of studies of sulfur cycling associated with the modern and paleo-environments. A comparison of δ34S values between organic and inorganic sulfur species may help to illuminate the complex role of sulfur in sedimentary organic diagenesis and the pathways of organic sulfur formation. The δ^(34)S values of individual organic sulfur compounds from natural settings can be currently measured by GC-ICPMS with impressive accuracy, precision (<0.5‰) and sensitivity (≥20 pmol S) over a broad range of analyte volatility. The new sulfur-CSIA capability has already been used to study pathways of early diagenetic organic sulfurisation, volatile sulfur emission from the oceans, oil correlations, thermochemical sulfate reduction of petroleum hydrocarbons, and the relationship between OSCs and mineralising sulfides of large metal deposits.",
}
@book_section {CaltechAUTHORS_https://authors.library.caltech.edu/id/eprint/33756,
    title ="Age Screening of Deep-Sea Corals and the Record of Deep North Atlantic Circulation Change at 15.4ka",
    author = "Adkins, Jess F. and Boyle, Edward A.",
    
    
    
    pages = "103-120",
    month = "January",
    year = "1999",
    
    
    
    isbn = "9780306462931",
    url = "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20120831-095218599",
    note = "© 1999 Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.\nThis is L-DEO contribution 5985.",
    revision_no = "12",
    abstract = "Uranium rich, density banded deep-sea corals are a new archive of deep ocean\nbehavior on decadal time scales. Large numbers of samples can be rapidly and inexpensively\nscreened for their-ages using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry\n(ICP-MS) technique. With this new method, 300 samples have been sorted into 5,000\nyear age bins and several dozen of these are useful for coupled precise uranium series\nand radiocarbon dating. Together with Cd/Ca data from a single coral's skeleton, these\ncoupled ages show that there was a rapid and large shift in the deep circulation of the\nwestern north Atlantic at 15.4ka and 1,800m depth. This deep-sea coral signal, also\nfound in sediment records from around the Atlantic, leads the Bolling/Allerod warming\nin the Greenland ice cores by 840 ± 340 years. Coupled ages from the two dating methods\nin the corals also constrain the southern source deep waters to be about 600 years older\nthan their initial value just prior to 15.4ka. This result is in contrast to the modern\nAtlantic where western basin deep waters are on average 100 years old or less.",
}