[ { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/rg0nh-cg634", "eprint_id": 111287, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:55:14", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:29:55", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "King-Peter-J", "name": { "family": "King", "given": "Peter" } } ] }, "title": "Laser Safety in LIGO", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2021 AIP Publishing. \n\nLIGO was constructed by the California Institute of Technology and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with funding from the National Science Foundation, and operates under cooperative agreement No. PHY-1764464. Advanced LIGO was constructed under award No. PHY-0823459. The author would like to thank Rick Savage, Sundae Chen, and Ken Barat for feedback during the writing of this chapter.", "abstract": "After a journey of some 1.4 billion years, on September 14, 2015, a faint 0.2 s long whisper was detected, first by a gravitational wave detector located in Livingston, Louisiana, and then approximately 7 ms later by a similar detector located at Richland, Washington. The mirrors of the gravitational wave detector moved ever so slightly, enough to stretch the arms of the detector by one ten-thousandth the diameter of a proton. The signal waveform had the shape of a chirp and was consistent with that of the merger of two black holes, one of 35 solar masses with one of 30 solar masses (Fig. 5.1). For the first time, gravitational waves had been directly detected (Abbott et al., 2016). Thus began the era of gravitational wave astronomy. \n\n5.1 Introduction\nAfter a journey of some 1.4 billion years, on September 14, 2015, a faint 0.2 s long whisper was detected, first by a gravitational wave detector located in Livingston, Louisiana, and then approximately 7 ms later by a similar detector located at Richland, Washington. The mirrors of the gravitational wave detector moved ever so slightly, enough to stretch the arms of the detector by one ten-thousandth the diameter of a proton. The signal waveform had the shape of a chirp and was consistent with that of the merger of two black holes, one of 35 solar masses with one of 30 solar masses (Fig. 5.1). For the first time, gravitational waves had been directly detected (Abbott et al., 2016). Thus began the era of gravitational wave astronomy.\nfigure\nFIG. 5.1 The waveforms of the first detected gravitational wave. Original image courtesy of Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory.\nPPT|High-resolution\nThe two gravitational wave detectors are part of the LIGO Project. LIGO is one of the largest physics projects ever funded by the National Science Foundation. Construction of the LIGO detectors began in 1996. These detectors, known as initial LIGO interferometers (iLIGO), ran from 2002 to 2010 before being shut down to permit the installation of a number of improvements. Construction of the Advanced LIGO (aLIGO) interferometer, a detector ten times more sensitive than an iLIGO interferometer, began in 2011. It included many enhancements, some of which are improved seismic isolation systems, a quieter suspension systems, a greater number of diagnostics signals, and a high-power laser system. \n\nSafety plays an important part of any modern workplace. Research is a multidisciplinary field with chemical, electrical, ergonomic, and laser safety all playing a role at LIGO. This article discusses some of the laser safety considerations undertaken by the LIGO Project.", "date": "2021-09", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "place_of_pub": "Melville, NY", "pagerange": "1-18", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20211008-183532235", "isbn": "978-0-7354-2295-7", "book_title": "Laser Safety in Specialized Applications", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211008-183532235", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1764464" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0823459" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Barat-Ken", "name": { "family": "Barat", "given": "Ken" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9076-0262" } ] }, "doi": "10.1063/9780735422957_005", "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "King, Peter" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sne87-fc527", "eprint_id": 112046, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 04:04:25", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 20:52:37", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Que-Zhiqiang", "name": { "family": "Que", "given": "Zhiqiang" } }, { "id": "Wang-Erwei", "name": { "family": "Wang", "given": "Erwei" } }, { "id": "Marikar-Umar", "name": { "family": "Marikar", "given": "Umar" } }, { "id": "Moreno-Eric-A", "name": { "family": "Moreno", "given": "Eric" } }, { "id": "Ngadiuba-Jennifer", "name": { "family": "Ngadiuba", "given": "Jennifer" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0055-2935" }, { "id": "Javed-Hamza", "name": { "family": "Javed", "given": "Hamza" } }, { "id": "Borzyszkowski-Bart\u0142omiej", "name": { "family": "Borzyszkowski", "given": "Bartlomiej" } }, { "id": "Aarrestad-Thea-Klaeboe", "name": { "family": "Aarrestad", "given": "Thea" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7671-243X" }, { "id": "Loncar-Vladimir", "name": { "family": "Loncar", "given": "Vladimir" } }, { "id": "Summers-Sioni", "name": { "family": "Summers", "given": "Sioni" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4244-2061" }, { "id": "Pierini-Maurizio", "name": { "family": "Pierini", "given": "Maurizio" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1939-4268" }, { "id": "Cheung-Peter-Y-K", "name": { "family": "Cheung", "given": "Peter Y." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8236-1816" }, { "id": "Luk-Wayne", "name": { "family": "Luk", "given": "Wayne" } } ] }, "title": "Accelerating Recurrent Neural Networks for Gravitational Wave Experiments", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2021 IEEE. \n\nThe support of the United Kingdom EPSRC (grant numbers EP/L016796/1, EP/N031768/1, EP/P010040/1, and EP/S030069/1), CERN and Xilinx is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Prof. Zhiru Zhang and Yixiao Du for their help and advice.\n\n
Accepted Version - 2106.14089.pdf
", "abstract": "This paper presents novel reconfigurable architectures for reducing the latency of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that are used for detecting gravitational waves. Gravitational interferometers such as the LIGO detectors capture cosmic events such as black hole mergers which happen at unknown times and of varying durations, producing time-series data. We have developed a new architecture capable of accelerating RNN inference for analyzing time-series data from LIGO detectors. This architecture is based on optimizing the initiation intervals (II) in a multi-layer LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) network, by identifying appropriate reuse factors for each layer. A customizable template for this architecture has been designed, which enables the generation of low-latency FPGA designs with efficient resource utilization using high-level synthesis tools. The proposed approach has been evaluated based on two LSTM models, targeting a ZYNQ 7045 FPGA and a U250 FPGA. Experimental results show that with balanced II, the number of DSPs can be reduced up to 42% while achieving the same IIs. When compared to other FPGA-based LSTM designs, our design can achieve about 4.92 to 12.4 times lower latency.", "date": "2021-07", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_pub": "Piscataway, NJ", "pagerange": "117-124", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20211124-181850211", "isbn": "978-1-6654-2701-2", "book_title": "2021 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP)", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20211124-181850211", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "grant_number": "EP/L016796/1" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "grant_number": "EP/N031768/1" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "grant_number": "EP/P010040/1" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "grant_number": "EP/S030069/1" }, { "agency": "CERN" }, { "agency": "Xilinx Inc." } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "doi": "10.1109/asap52443.2021.00025", "primary_object": { "basename": "2106.14089.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/sne87-fc527/files/2106.14089.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Que, Zhiqiang; Wang, Erwei; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h2gr1-ewv89", "eprint_id": 112755, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 03:07:50", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 22:45:50", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Menoni-Carmen-S", "name": { "family": "Menoni", "given": "Carmen S." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9185-2572" }, { "id": "Yang-Le", "name": { "family": "Yang", "given": "Le" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8868-5977" }, { "id": "Fazio-Mariana", "name": { "family": "Fazio", "given": "Mariana" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9057-9663" }, { "id": "Vajente-Gabriele", "name": { "family": "Vajente", "given": "Gabriele" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7656-6882" }, { "id": "Ananyeva-Alena", "name": { "family": "Ananyeva", "given": "Alena" } }, { "id": "Billingsley-GariLynn", "name": { "family": "Billingsley", "given": "GariLynn" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4141-2744" }, { "id": "Schiettekatte-Fran\u00e7ois", "name": { "family": "Schiettekatte", "given": "Fran\u00e7ois" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2112-9378" }, { "id": "Chicoine-Martin", "name": { "family": "Chicoine", "given": "Martin" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-0630-3996" }, { "id": "Markosyan-Ashot", "name": { "family": "Markosyan", "given": "Ashot" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-1510-3075" }, { "id": "Bassiri-Riccardo", "name": { "family": "Bassiri", "given": "Riccardo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8171-6833" }, { "id": "Fejer-Martin-M", "name": { "family": "Fejer", "given": "Martin M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5512-1905" } ] }, "title": "Survey of metal oxides for coatings of ultra-stable optical cavities", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2021 The Author(s).\n\nPublished - Survey_of_metal_oxides_for_coatings_of_ultra-stable_optical_cavities.pdf
", "abstract": "A survey of the optical properties and mechanical loss of metal-oxide thin films is reported in a search for optimum materials for mirror coatings for gravitational wave detectors. Ta\u2082O\u2085 and GeO\u2082 doped with TiO\u2082 achieve the lowest absorption and mechanical loss with post-processing annealing.", "date": "2021-05", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_pub": "Washington, DC", "pagerange": "Art. No. STu1C.7", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-478439900", "isbn": "978-1-943580-91-0", "book_title": "2021 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20220106-478439900", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "doi": "10.1364/cleo_si.2021.stu1c.7", "primary_object": { "basename": "Survey_of_metal_oxides_for_coatings_of_ultra-stable_optical_cavities.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/h2gr1-ewv89/files/Survey_of_metal_oxides_for_coatings_of_ultra-stable_optical_cavities.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2021", "author_list": "Menoni, Carmen S.; Yang, Le; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eyjm4-hr838", "eprint_id": 109480, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:48:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 18:00:02", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Cao-Huy-Tuong", "name": { "family": "Cao", "given": "Huy Tuong" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6583-6907" }, { "id": "Ng-Sebastian-W-S", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Sebastian" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5843-1434" }, { "id": "Noh-Minkyun", "name": { "family": "Noh", "given": "Minkyun" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-5876-8854" }, { "id": "Brooks-Aidan-F", "name": { "family": "Brooks", "given": "Aidan" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4295-792X" }, { "id": "Matichard-Fabrice", "name": { "family": "Matichard", "given": "Fabrice" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8982-8418" }, { "id": "Veitch-Peter-J", "name": { "family": "Veitch", "given": "Peter" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-2597-435X" } ] }, "title": "Adhesive-free, high optical quality deformable mirror", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2020 The Author(s).\n\nPublished - 09255960.pdf
", "abstract": "Mode control is crucial for the high-precision interferometry such as gravitational-wave detectors. We report here the design and characterisation of a linear, high dynamic range, spherically deformable, adaptive mirror that is adhesive-free and low cost.", "date": "2020-08", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Optical Society of America", "place_of_pub": "Washington, DC", "pagerange": "Art. No. C5G-3", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20210611-081833239", "isbn": "9780646825045", "book_title": "2020 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20210611-081833239", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "doi": "10.1364/cleopr.2020.c5g_3", "primary_object": { "basename": "09255960.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/eyjm4-hr838/files/09255960.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2020", "author_list": "Cao, Huy Tuong; Ng, Sebastian; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nt2gm-dks60", "eprint_id": 100461, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 19:16:24", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 22:04:40", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Beniwal-D", "name": { "family": "Beniwal", "given": "Deeksha" } }, { "id": "Cao-Huy-T", "name": { "family": "Cao", "given": "Huy T." } }, { "id": "Ng-Sebastian-W-S", "name": { "family": "Ng", "given": "Sebastian" } }, { "id": "Brooks-A-F", "name": { "family": "Brooks", "given": "Aidan F." }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4295-792X" }, { "id": "Bharathan-G", "name": { "family": "Bharathan", "given": "Gayathri" } }, { "id": "Fuerbach-A", "name": { "family": "Fuerbach", "given": "Alex" } }, { "id": "Veitch-P-J", "name": { "family": "Veitch", "given": "Peter J." } }, { "id": "Ottaway-D-J", "name": { "family": "Ottaway", "given": "David J." }, "orcid": "0000-0001-6794-1591" } ] }, "title": "Mid-IR laser for wavefront correction in gravitational wave detectors", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).\n\nPublished - 112002C.pdf
", "abstract": "The next-generation gravitational wave detectors aim to enhance our understanding of extreme phenomena in the Universe. The high-frequency sensitivity of these detectors will be maximized by injecting squeezed vacuum states into the detector. However, the performance advantages offered by squeezed state injection can be easily degraded by losses in the system. A significant source of loss is the mode mismatch between optical cavities within the interferometer. To overcome this issue, new actuators are required that can produce a highly spherical wavefront change, with minimal higher order aberrations, whist adding low phase noise to the incident beam.", "date": "2019-12-30", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 112002C", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200102-124718201", "isbn": "9781510631403", "book_title": "AOS Australian Conference on Optical Fibre Technology (ACOFT) and Australian Conference on Optics, Lasers, and Spectroscopy (ACOLS) 2019", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200102-124718201", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Mitchell-A", "name": { "family": "Mitchell", "given": "Arnan" } }, { "id": "Rubinsztein-Dunlop-H", "name": { "family": "Rubinsztein-Dunlop", "given": "Halina" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2540061", "primary_object": { "basename": "112002C.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/nt2gm-dks60/files/112002C.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2019", "author_list": "Beniwal, Deeksha; Cao, Huy T.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/78yf3-3h595", "eprint_id": 98191, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 10:23:44", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:54:18", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Coyne-D", "name": { "family": "Coyne", "given": "Dennis" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6427-3222" } ] }, "title": "Engineering behind the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) (Conference Presentation)", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).", "abstract": "In September 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) initiated the era of gravitational wave astronomy, a new window on the universe. In its first 4 months of operation, the Advanced LIGO instrument made the first, two direct detections of gravitational waves (ripples in the fabric of space-time). Each of these events were the result of merger of a pair of black holes into a single larger black hole. The first detected system consisted of two black holes of about 30 solar masses each which merged at a distance of 400 mega-parsecs or 1.4 billion years ago, revealing a new population of black holes. As of October 2017 five black hole mergers have been announced. In August 2017, after some further improvements and commissioning, the LIGO and VIRGO collaborations announced the first direct detection of gravitational waves associated with a gamma ray burst and the electromagnetic emission (visible, infrared, radio) of the afterglow of a kilonova -- the spectacular collision of two neutron stars at a distance of 40 mega-parsecs. This marks the beginning of multi-messenger astronomy. The discovery was made using the U.S.-based LIGO; the Europe-based Virgo detector; and some 70 ground- and space-based observatories. The Advanced LIGO gravitational wave detectors are second generation instruments designed and built for the two LIGO observatories in Hanford, WA and Livingston, LA. These two identically designed instruments employ coupled optical cavities in a specialized version of a Michelson interferometer with 4 kilometer long arms. Fabry-Perot cavities are used in the arms to increase the interaction time with a gravitational wave, power recycling is used to increase the effective laser power and signal recycling is used to improve the frequency response. In the most sensitive frequency region around 100 Hz, the displacement sensitivity is 10-22 meters rms, or about 10 million times smaller than a proton. In order to achieve this unsurpassed measurement sensitivity Advanced LIGO employs a wide range of cutting-edge, high performance technologies, including a ultra-high vacuum system; an extremely stable laser source; multiple stages of active vibration isolation; super-polished and ion milled, ultra-low loss, fused silica optics with high performance multi-layer dielectric coatings; wavefront sensing; active thermal compensation; very low noise analog and digital electronics; complex, nonlinear multi-input, multi-output control systems; and a custom, scalable and easily re-configurable data acquisition and state control system.", "date": "2018-07-10", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 1070016", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190823-134014281", "isbn": "9781510619531", "book_title": "Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes VII", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190823-134014281", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Marshall-H-K", "name": { "family": "Marshall", "given": "Heather K." } }, { "id": "Spyromilio-J", "name": { "family": "Spyromilio", "given": "Jason" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2312163", "pub_year": "2018", "author_list": "Coyne, Dennis" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y745d-6bw83", "eprint_id": 85313, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:26:31", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 18:05:30", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Huerta-E-A", "name": { "family": "Huerta", "given": "E. A." } }, { "id": "Haas-R", "name": { "family": "Haas", "given": "Roland" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-1424-6178" }, { "id": "Fajardo-E", "name": { "family": "Fajardo", "given": "Edgar" } }, { "id": "Katz-D-S", "name": { "family": "Katz", "given": "Daniel S." } }, { "id": "Anderson-S", "name": { "family": "Anderson", "given": "Stuart" } }, { "id": "Couvares-P", "name": { "family": "Couvares", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "Willis-J", "name": { "family": "Willis", "given": "Josh" } }, { "id": "Bouvet-T", "name": { "family": "Bouvet", "given": "Timothy" } }, { "id": "Enos-J", "name": { "family": "Enos", "given": "Jeremy" } }, { "id": "Kramer-W-T-C", "name": { "family": "Kramer", "given": "William T. C." } }, { "id": "Leong-Hon-Wai", "name": { "family": "Leong", "given": "Hon Wai" } }, { "id": "Wheeler-D", "name": { "family": "Wheeler", "given": "David" } } ] }, "title": "BOSS-LDG: A Novel Computational Framework That Brings Together Blue Waters, Open Science Grid, Shifter and the LIGO Data Grid to Accelerate Gravitational Wave Discovery", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 IEEE. \n\nThis research is part of the Blue Waters sustained-petascale\ncomputing project, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (awards OCI-0725070 and ACI-1238993) and the State of Illinois. Blue Waters is a joint effort of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and its National Center for Supercomputing Applications. We thank Brett Bode, Juan Barayoga, Greg Bauer, Brian Bockelman, Mats Rynge and Karan Vahi for fruitful interactions.\n\nAccepted Version - 1709.08767.pdf
", "abstract": "We present a novel computational framework that connects Blue Waters, the NSF-supported, leadership-class supercomputer operated by NCSA, to the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Data Grid via Open Science Grid technology. To enable this computational infrastructure, we configured, for the first time, a LIGO Data Grid Tier-1 Center that can submit heterogeneous LIGO workflows using Open Science Grid facilities. In order to enable a seamless connection between the LIGO Data Grid and Blue Waters via Open Science Grid, we utilize Shifter to containerize LIGO's workflow software. This work represents the first time Open Science Grid, Shifter, and Blue Waters are unified to tackle a scientific problem and, in particular, it is the first time a framework of this nature is used in the context of large scale gravitational wave data analysis. This new framework has been used in the last several weeks of LIGO's second discovery campaign to run the most computationally demanding gravitational wave search workflows on Blue Waters, and accelerate discovery in the emergent field of gravitational wave astrophysics. We discuss the implications of this novel framework for a wider ecosystem of Higher Performance Computing users.", "date": "2017-10", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_pub": "Piscataway, NJ", "pagerange": "335-344", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180314-141950800", "isbn": "978-1-5386-2686-3", "book_title": "2017 IEEE 13th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science)", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180314-141950800", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "OCI-0725070" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ACI-1238993" }, { "agency": "State of Illinois" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "doi": "10.1109/eScience.2017.47", "primary_object": { "basename": "1709.08767.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/y745d-6bw83/files/1709.08767.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Huerta, E. A.; Haas, Roland; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8tzch-q7x11", "eprint_id": 92833, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 05:28:02", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:28:40", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Gerosa-Davide", "name": { "family": "Gerosa", "given": "Davide" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0933-3579" }, { "id": "Vitale-Salvatore", "name": { "family": "Vitale", "given": "Salvatore" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-2700-0767" }, { "id": "Haster-Carl-Johan", "name": { "family": "Haster", "given": "Carl-Johan" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8040-9807" }, { "id": "Chatziioannou-K", "name": { "family": "Chatziioannou", "given": "Katerina" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5833-413X" }, { "id": "Zimmerman-Aaron", "name": { "family": "Zimmerman", "given": "Aaron" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7453-6372" } ] }, "title": "Reanalysis of LIGO black-hole coalescences with alternative prior assumptions", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2019 International Astronomical Union. \n\nPublished online: 29 January 2019. \n\nD.G. is supported by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant No. PF6-170152 by the Chandra X-ray Center, operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under Contract NAS8-03060.\n\nPublished - reanalysis_of_ligo_blackhole_coalescences_with_alternative_prior_assumptions.pdf
Submitted - 1712.06635.pdf
", "abstract": "We present a critical reanalysis of the black-hole binary coalescences detected during LIGO's first observing run under different Bayesian prior assumptions. We summarize the main findings of Vitale et al. (2017) and show additional marginalized posterior distributions for some of the binaries' intrinsic parameters.\nThese findings were presented at IAU Symposium 338, held on October 16-19, 2017 in Baton Rouge, LA, USA.", "date": "2017-10", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press", "place_of_pub": "Cambridge", "pagerange": "22-28", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190211-124222170", "isbn": "9781107192591", "book_title": "Gravitational Wave Astrophysics: Early Results from Gravitational Wave Searches and Electromagnetic Counterparts", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190211-124222170", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NASA Einstein Fellowship", "grant_number": "PF6-170152" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NAS8-03060" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" }, { "id": "TAPIR" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Gonz\u00e1lez-G", "name": { "family": "Gonz\u00e1lez", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "Hynes-R", "name": { "family": "Hynes", "given": "R." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1017/s1743921318003587", "primary_object": { "basename": "1712.06635.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8tzch-q7x11/files/1712.06635.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "reanalysis_of_ligo_blackhole_coalescences_with_alternative_prior_assumptions.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8tzch-q7x11/files/reanalysis_of_ligo_blackhole_coalescences_with_alternative_prior_assumptions.pdf" } ], "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Gerosa, Davide; Vitale, Salvatore; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/jn9v1-c9c47", "eprint_id": 79163, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 03:55:22", "lastmod": "2023-10-26 14:38:53", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Weitzel-D", "name": { "family": "Weitzel", "given": "Derek" } }, { "id": "Bockelman-B", "name": { "family": "Bockelman", "given": "Brian" } }, { "id": "Brown-D-A", "name": { "family": "Brown", "given": "Duncan A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9180-5765" }, { "id": "Couvares-P", "name": { "family": "Couvares", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "W\u00fcrthwein-F", "name": { "family": "W\u00fcrthwein", "given": "Frank" } }, { "id": "Hernandez-E-F", "name": { "family": "Hernandez", "given": "Edgar Fajardo" } } ] }, "title": "Data Access for LIGO on the OSG", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2017 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). \n\nThis material is based in part upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers PHY-1148698 and ACI-1443047. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.", "abstract": "During 2015 and 2016, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) conducted a three-month observing campaign. These observations delivered the first direct detection of gravitational waves from binary black hole mergers. To search for these signals, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration uses the PyCBC search pipeline. To deliver science results in a timely manner, LIGO collaborated with the Open Science Grid (OSG) to distribute the required computation across a series of dedicated, opportunistic, and allocated resources. To deliver the petabytes necessary for such a large-scale computation, our team deployed a distributed data access infrastructure based on the XRootD server suite and the CernVM File System (CVMFS). This data access strategy grew from simply accessing remote storage to a POSIX-based interface underpinned by distributed, secure caches across the OSG.", "date": "2017-07", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "ACM", "place_of_pub": "New York, NY", "pagerange": "Art. No. 24", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170718-141613981", "isbn": "978-1-4503-5272-7", "book_title": "Proceedings of the Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing 2017 on Sustainability, Success and Impact - PEARC17", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170718-141613981", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-1148698" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ACI-1443047" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "doi": "10.1145/3093338.3093363", "pub_year": "2017", "author_list": "Weitzel, Derek; Bockelman, Brian; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ww0na-67p97", "eprint_id": 74519, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 13:39:20", "lastmod": "2023-10-24 22:43:18", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Watchi-J", "name": { "family": "Watchi", "given": "Jennifer" } }, { "id": "Ding-B", "name": { "family": "Ding", "given": "Binlei" } }, { "id": "Matichard-F", "name": { "family": "Matichard", "given": "Fabrice" } }, { "id": "Collette-C", "name": { "family": "Collette", "given": "Christophe" } } ] }, "title": "Development of a high-resolution optical inertial sensor for sub-Hz seismic isolation", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Katholieke Universiteit.\n\nPublished - contribution.pdf
", "abstract": "Precision engineering tasks require active isolation systems that are efficient especially at low frequencies.\nThe limitations of such control systems include the resolution of the sensor used and the magnetic coupling\nbetween the sensor and the actuator. In order to bypass these limitations, inertial sensors using Michelson\ninterferometer are being developed. A first prototype has been built and tested. It has been shown that it has a sub-nanometer resolution over a large frequency range, extending from 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz. To further improve the resolution, a new optical design will be presented in this paper. The elements of the setup are chosen to lower the noise of the whole system. Actually, two main sources of noise can be reduced. The first one is due to the optical components, inducing a phase shift which is converted into a displacement error. The second is a consequence of the pendulum movement of the piece/spring holding the moving mass. It couples the vertical translation and the rotation. By choosing correctly the optical components, the first source can be diminished. The resolution reached is compared with that predicted by the optical model implemented on MATLAB. With the best optical resolution of the setup achieved, the interferometer had been integrated\ninto a STS1 seismometer to reduce the pendulum movement. The optical sensor replaces the conventional capacitive sensor of the device without disturbing the mechanical parts. The resulting modified STS1 has a spectral resolution below 10^(-13) m/rtHz, while at the same time is insensitive to magnetic field. The final objective of this research consists in introducing the inertial sensor into a single-axis isolation system equipped with a voice coil actuator. In feedback configuration, the setup will allow to reach an unprecedented high level of isolation, opening a new window in gravimetry and gravitational wave detection.", "date": "2016-09", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Katholieke Universiteit", "place_of_pub": "Heverlee, Belgium", "pagerange": "275-288", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170224-075907420", "isbn": "9789073802940", "book_title": "Proceedings of ISMA2016 International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering and USD2016 International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170224-075907420", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO-P1600214", "name": "LIGO Document" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Sas-P", "name": { "family": "Sas", "given": "P." } }, { "id": "Moens-D", "name": { "family": "Moens", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "van-de-Walle-Axel-KULeuven", "name": { "family": "van de Walle", "given": "A." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3454-1126" } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "contribution.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ww0na-67p97/files/contribution.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Watchi, Jennifer; Ding, Binlei; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8jtrn-tqe57", "eprint_id": 88315, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 13:31:44", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 20:31:28", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sigg-D", "name": { "family": "Sigg", "given": "Daniel" } } ] }, "title": "The advanced LIGO detectors in the era of first discoveries", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "LIGO, gravitational waves, black holes", "note": "\u00a9 2016 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF) for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory and Advanced LIGO as well as the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom, the Max-Planck-Society (MPS), and the State of Niedersach-sen/Germany for support of the construction of Advanced LIGO and construction and operation of the GEO600 detector. Additional support for Advanced LIGO was provided by the Australian Research Council. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies as well as by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research of India, Department of Science and Technology, India, Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, India, the Spanish Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad, the Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat and Conselleria d'Educaci\u00f3, Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears, the National Science Centre of Poland, the European Commission, the Royal Society, the Scottish Funding Council, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA), the Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO), the National Research Foundation of Korea, Industry Canada and the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP), Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Lev-erhulme Trust, the Research Corporation, Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), Taiwan and the Kavli Foundation. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the NSF, STFC, MPS, INFN, CNRS and the State of Niedersachsen/Germany for provision of computational resources. \n\nThis document has been assigned the LIGO Laboratory document number LIGO-P1600182.\n\nPublished - 996009.pdf
", "abstract": "Following a major upgrade, the two advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Ob- servatory (LIGO) held their first observation run between September 2015 and January 2016. The product of observable volume and measurement time exceeded that of all previous runs within the first 16 days of coincident observation. On September 14th, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed the transient gravitational-wave signal GW150914, determined to be the coalescence of two black holes, launching the era of gravitational-wave astronomy. We present the main features of the detectors that enabled this observation. At its core Advanced LIGO is a multi-kilometer long Michelson interferometer employing optical resonators to enhance its sensitivity. Four very pure and homogeneous fused silica optics with excellent figure quality serve as the test masses. The displacement produced by the event GW150914 was one 200th of a proton radius. It was observed with a combined signal-to-noise ratio of 24 in coincidence by the two detectors. At full sensitivity, the Advanced LIGO detectors are designed to deliver another factor of three improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio for binary black hole systems similar in masses to GW150914.", "date": "2016-08-28", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 996009", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180726-154710437", "isbn": "9781510603110", "book_title": "Interferometry XVIII", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180726-154710437", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)" }, { "agency": "Max Planck Society" }, { "agency": "State of Niedersachsen/Germany" }, { "agency": "Australian Research Council" }, { "agency": "Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)" }, { "agency": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)" }, { "agency": "Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)" }, { "agency": "Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)" }, { "agency": "Council of Science and Industrial Research (India)" }, { "agency": "Department of Science and Technology (India)" }, { "agency": "Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)" }, { "agency": "Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)" }, { "agency": "Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad (MINECO)" }, { "agency": "Conselleria d'Economia i Competitivitat and Conselleria d'Educaci\u00f3, Cultura i Universitats of the Govern de les Illes Balears" }, { "agency": "National Science Centre (Poland)" }, { "agency": "European Commission" }, { "agency": "Royal Society" }, { "agency": "Scottish Funding Council" }, { "agency": "Scottish Universities Physics Alliance" }, { "agency": "Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)" }, { "agency": "Lyon Institute of Origins (LIO)" }, { "agency": "National Research Foundation of Korea" }, { "agency": "Industry Canada" }, { "agency": "Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation" }, { "agency": "Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)" }, { "agency": "Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)" }, { "agency": "Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnolgia, Inova\u00e7\u00e3o e Comunica\u00e7\u00f5es" }, { "agency": "Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)" }, { "agency": "Russian Foundation for Basic Research" }, { "agency": "Leverhulme Trust" }, { "agency": "Research Corporation" }, { "agency": "Ministry of Science and Technology (Taipei)" }, { "agency": "Kavli Foundation" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "P1600182", "name": "LIGO Document" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Creath-K", "name": { "family": "Creath", "given": "Katherine" } }, { "id": "Burke-J", "name": { "family": "Burke", "given": "Jan" } }, { "id": "Albertazzi-Gon\u00e7alves-A", "name": { "family": "Albertazzi Gon\u00e7alves", "given": "Armando" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2243115", "primary_object": { "basename": "996009.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/8jtrn-tqe57/files/996009.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Sigg, Daniel" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n3q1v-3ht70", "eprint_id": 87402, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-20 11:58:19", "lastmod": "2023-10-18 21:09:05", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Tso-Rhondale", "name": { "family": "Tso", "given": "Rhondale" }, "orcid": "0000-0003-4464-0117" }, { "id": "Isi-M", "name": { "family": "Isi", "given": "Maximiliano" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8830-8672" }, { "id": "Chen-Yanbei", "name": { "family": "Chen", "given": "Yanbei" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9730-9463" }, { "id": "Stein-L-C", "name": { "family": "Stein", "given": "Leo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-7559-9597" } ] }, "title": "Modeling the Dispersion and Polarization Content of Gravitational Waves for Tests of General Relativity", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2017 World Scientific Publishing.\n\nSubmitted - 1608.01284.pdf
", "abstract": "We propose a generic, phenomenological approach to modifying the dispersion of gravitational waves, independent of corrections to the generation mechanism. This model-independent approach encapsulates all previously proposed parametrizations, including Lorentz violation in the Standard-Model Extension, and provides a roadmap for additional theories. Furthermore, we present a general approach to include modulations to the gravitational-wave polarization content. The framework developed here can be implemented in existing data analysis pipelines for future gravitational-wave observation runs.", "date": "2016-06", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "World Scientific Publishing", "place_of_pub": "Singapore", "pagerange": "205-208", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180627-125338743", "isbn": "978-981-3148-49-9", "book_title": "CPT and Lorentz Symmetry - Proceedings of the Seventh Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180627-125338743", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Kosteleck\u00fd-V-A", "name": { "family": "Kosteleck\u00fd", "given": "V. Alan" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1142/9789813148505_0052", "primary_object": { "basename": "1608.01284.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/n3q1v-3ht70/files/1608.01284.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2016", "author_list": "Tso, Rhondale; Isi, Maximiliano; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/kv74b-1sa98", "eprint_id": 78471, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:54:04", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 20:29:12", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Vajente-Gabriele", "name": { "family": "Vajente", "given": "Gabriele" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7656-6882" } ] }, "title": "Readout, Sensing, and Control", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Springer. \n\nDate: 06 March 2014.", "abstract": "Suspending the mirrors is one of the most crucial tasks in gravitational wave interferometer technology. The performance of the suspensions must provide the required attenuation of seismic noise and reduction of thermal noise, two fundamental limits to the sensitivity of any gravitational wave detector. Moreover, the suspension system must be equipped with sensors and actuators which are used to actively control some relevant degrees of freedom, so to be able to keep the interferometer at its working point (i.e., \"locked\"). In the first part of this chapter we deal with the basic principles behind the super attenuator chains developed in Virgo to reduce the seismic noise. In the second part, we illustrate the techniques to suspend the mirror reducing the thermal noise in the detection bandwidth, according to the theory illustrated in Chap. 8.", "date": "2014-03-06", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Springer", "place_of_pub": "Cham, Switzerland", "pagerange": "153-192", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170622-134345762", "isbn": "978-3-319-03791-2", "book_title": "Advanced Interferometers and the Search for Gravitational Waves", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170622-134345762", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Bassan-Massimo", "name": { "family": "Bassan", "given": "Massimo" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-03792-9_6", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Vajente, Gabriele" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w3dr4-3dp48", "eprint_id": 78455, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 23:53:36", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 20:29:03", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Vajente-G", "name": { "family": "Vajente", "given": "Gabriele" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-7656-6882" } ] }, "title": "Interferometer Configurations", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "note": "\u00a9 2014 Springer International Publishing Switzerland. \n\n06 March 2014.", "abstract": "Gravitational waves induce a differential strain between free-falling test masses. The most sensitive instruments to measure this kind of effect are laser interferometers. This chapter introduces the working principles of the different optical configuration that were and will be used in gravitational wave detectors: Michelson interferometer, Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, power and signal recycling techniques. Advanced detectors will feature high power levels, therefore the important issue of radiation pressure effects is addressed. Finally, a brief introduction to the topic of diffraction limited beams and high order transverse electromagnetic modes is included.", "date": "2014-03-06", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Springer", "place_of_pub": "Cham, Switzerland", "pagerange": "57-95", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170622-075759340", "isbn": "978-3-319-03791-2", "book_title": "Advanced Interferometers and the Search for Gravitational Waves", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170622-075759340", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Bassan-M", "name": { "family": "Bassan", "given": "Massimo" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/978-3-319-03792-9_3", "pub_year": "2014", "author_list": "Vajente, Gabriele" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b7kmt-hz046", "eprint_id": 43649, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:15:24", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 06:05:54", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Phelps-M-H", "name": { "family": "Phelps", "given": "Margot H." } }, { "id": "Gushwa-K-E", "name": { "family": "Gushwa", "given": "Kaitlin E." } }, { "id": "Torrie-C-I", "name": { "family": "Torrie", "given": "Calum I." } } ] }, "title": "Optical contamination control in the Advanced LIGO ultra-high\n vacuum system", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "LIGO, fused silica optics, absorption, scatter, contamination control, cleanliness, ultra-high vacuum system,\nmitigation tools", "note": "\u00a9 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the United States National Science Foundation (award No. PHY-0757058). LIGO was constructed by the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with funding from the National Science Foundation, and operates under cooperative agreement PHY-0107417. Caltech also acknowledges financial support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom. This paper filed internally under LIGO document number LIGO-P1300192. LIGO Internal Reports may be accessed at\nhttps://dcc.ligo.org/cgi-bin/DocDB/DocumentDatabase. The authors wish to acknowledge the many colleagues in LIGO and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration who have supported this work. In particular, the authors are grateful for the guidance and support of Norna Robertson, Eric Gustafson, Garilynn Billingsley, and Dennis Coyne of LIGO Engineering at Caltech. The work would not have been possible without the outstanding efforts and collaboration of the installation teams at the LIGO observatories, particularly Matt Heintze at Livingston and Betsy Weaver at Hanford. In addition, the authors would like to thank industry contacts from the National Ignition Facility and Prudential Cleanroom Services, for their guidance and open\ncollaboration.\n\nPublished - Phelps_2013p88852E.pdf
", "abstract": "Fused silica optics in the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors are extremely sensitive to optical scattering and absorption losses induced by both particulate and hydrocarbon contamination. At full power, the optical surfaces are illuminated with up to 200 kW/cm^2. Additionally, the round-trip test mass cavity loss budget is limited to 70 ppm total from all sources. Even low-level contaminants can result in laser damage to optics during the operation the interferometers, and/or the unacceptable reduction of overall detector sensitivity. These risks are mitigated by a two-pronged approach: quantifying contamination sources and the extent of contamination, then reducing sources and cleaning optics in-situ. As a result of these ongoing efforts, we now have a better understanding of what the contamination levels and sources are, and have made significant improvements to methods of controlling contamination, thus protecting the optics from losses and laser damage in the Advanced LIGO Interferometers.", "date": "2013-11-14", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 88852E", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20140204-113308657", "isbn": "978-0-8194-9753-6", "book_title": "Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2013", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20140204-113308657", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0757058" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" }, { "agency": "Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO-P1300192", "name": "LIGO Document" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Exarhos-G-J", "name": { "family": "Exarhos", "given": "Gregory J." } }, { "id": "Gruzdev-V-E", "name": { "family": "Gruzdev", "given": "Vitaly E." } }, { "id": "Menace-J-A", "name": { "family": "Menace", "given": "Joseph A." } }, { "id": "Ristau-D", "name": { "family": "Ristau", "given": "Detlev" } }, { "id": "Soileau-M-J", "name": { "family": "Soileau", "given": "M. J." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.2047327", "primary_object": { "basename": "Phelps_2013p88852E.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/b7kmt-hz046/files/Phelps_2013p88852E.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Phelps, Margot H.; Gushwa, Kaitlin E.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ys91q-4h715", "eprint_id": 95292, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:10:01", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:05:21", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Williams-R-D", "name": { "family": "Williams", "given": "Roy" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9145-8580" } ] }, "title": "Follow-up of LIGO-Virgo Observations of Gravitational Waves", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published - williams.pdf
", "abstract": "In the next few years, the advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors will be operational, and hopefully detecting coalescences of compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes. The talk with review the science, the observational prospects, and how to get your telescope involved in this exciting science.", "date": "2013-11", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190507-101620789", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190507-101620789", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Wo\u017aniak-P-R", "name": { "family": "Wo\u017aniak", "given": "P. R." } }, { "id": "Graham-M-J", "name": { "family": "Graham", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Mahabal-A-A", "name": { "family": "Mahabal", "given": "A. A." } }, { "id": "Seaman-R", "name": { "family": "Seaman", "given": "R." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "williams.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ys91q-4h715/files/williams.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Williams, Roy" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ww5xa-qcf68", "eprint_id": 95291, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:09:57", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:05:18", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Singer-L-P", "name": { "family": "Singer", "given": "Leo" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-9898-5597" } ] }, "title": "The Needle in the Hundred-Square-Degree Haystack: from Fermi GRBs to LIGO Discoveries", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published - singer.pdf
", "abstract": "Accurate localizations have driven and enriched our understanding of gamma-ray\nbursts. They could do the same for future gravitational-wave detections with LIGO\nand Virgo. We report the discovery of the optical afterglow of the gamma-ray burst\n(GRB) 130702A, identified upon searching 71 square degrees surrounding the Fermi\nGamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) localization. Discovered and characterized by the\nintermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF), iPTF13bxl is the first afterglow discovered\nsolely based on a GBM localization. Real-time image subtraction, machine\nlearning, human vetting, and rapid response multi-wavelength follow-up enabled us\nto quickly narrow a list of 27,004 optical transient candidates to a single afterglow-like\nsource. The bright afterglow and emerging supernova offered an opportunity for\nextensive panchromatic follow-up. Furthermore, our discovery of iPTF13bxl represents\nan important step towards overcoming the challenges inherent in uncovering\nfaint optical counterparts to comparably localized gravitational wave events in the\nAdvanced LIGO and Virgo era.", "date": "2013-11", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190507-101422046", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190507-101422046", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Wo\u017aniak-P-R", "name": { "family": "Wo\u017aniak", "given": "P. R." } }, { "id": "Graham-M-J", "name": { "family": "Graham", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Mahabal-A-A", "name": { "family": "Mahabal", "given": "A. A." } }, { "id": "Seaman-R", "name": { "family": "Seaman", "given": "R." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "singer.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ww5xa-qcf68/files/singer.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Singer, Leo" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qhtcx-q2y67", "eprint_id": 95289, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:09:48", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:05:13", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Nissanke-S", "name": { "family": "Nissanke", "given": "Samaya" } } ] }, "title": "Hearing & Seeing the Violent Universe", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published - nissanke.pdf
", "abstract": "Joint gravitational-wave (GW) and multi wavelength electromagnetic (EM) observations\nof compact binary mergers should enable unprecedented studies of astrophysics\nin strong-field gravity, and of binary stellar evolution. Within the next decade, a\nworldwide network of advanced versions of ground-based GW interferometers should\nbecome operational from 10 Hz to a few kHz. At these frequencies, inspirals and\nmergers of neutron star binary mergers are expected to be amongst the most numerous\nand strongest GW-emitting sources. A subset of these events could be associated\nwith a transient EM counterpart, and should be observable at different wavelengths,\nenergies and timescales. In this talk, I will first discuss the EM counterparts that\nwe expect to see from compact binary mergers and then describe how we can search\nand identify such EM counterparts using a slew of high-energy, optical and radio\ntelescopes in the near future.", "date": "2013-11", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190507-101046564", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190507-101046564", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Wo\u017aniak-P-R", "name": { "family": "Wo\u017aniak", "given": "P. R." } }, { "id": "Graham-M-J", "name": { "family": "Graham", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Mahabal-A-A", "name": { "family": "Mahabal", "given": "A. A." } }, { "id": "Seaman-R", "name": { "family": "Seaman", "given": "R." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "nissanke.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qhtcx-q2y67/files/nissanke.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Nissanke, Samaya" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x0prd-bf854", "eprint_id": 95290, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 22:09:53", "lastmod": "2023-10-20 19:05:16", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Perley-D-A", "name": { "family": "Perley", "given": "Daniel" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8472-1996" } ] }, "title": "Burst of the Century? A Case Study of the Afterglow of Nearby Ultra-Bright GRB 130427A", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "Published - perley.pdf
", "abstract": "GRB 130427A is the brightest gamma-ray burst observed by any satellite in almost\n30 years and one of the most thoroughly observed. I will present a summary of the\nworldwide campaign to monitor the afterglow of this event from GHz to TeV energies\nand from seconds to years after the explosion. Remarkably, the entire data set can be\ndescribed to good agreement using standard synchrotron afterglow theory, providing\nstrong support for the validity the basic model in describing the evolution of this event\nand for GRB afterglows generally. Distinct forward and reverse shock components are\nresolved in both the SED and multifrequency light curves; the late-time high-energy\nemission seen by LAT is produced by the forward shock. We also infer a tenuous,\nwind-stratified medium surrounding this burst, suggesting a massive, low-metallicity\nprogenitor. While GRB 130427A was an incredibly rare and fortuitous event its\nproperties are probably not intrinsically unusual, and it provides lessons for what\nmight be routinely achieved in the future with faster and deeper multiwavelength\nfollow-up of gamma-ray bursts.", "date": "2013-11", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Los Alamos National Laboratory", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190507-101243284", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190507-101243284", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Wo\u017aniak-P-R", "name": { "family": "Wo\u017aniak", "given": "P. R." } }, { "id": "Graham-M-J", "name": { "family": "Graham", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Mahabal-A-A", "name": { "family": "Mahabal", "given": "A. A." } }, { "id": "Seaman-R", "name": { "family": "Seaman", "given": "R." } } ] }, "primary_object": { "basename": "perley.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/x0prd-bf854/files/perley.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2013", "author_list": "Perley, Daniel" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ycx91-1k017", "eprint_id": 71395, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 13:52:28", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 16:55:40", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Michel-C", "name": { "family": "Michel", "given": "C." } }, { "id": "Morgado-N", "name": { "family": "Morgado", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Pinard-L", "name": { "family": "Pinard", "given": "L." } }, { "id": "Sassolas-B", "name": { "family": "Sassolas", "given": "B." } }, { "id": "Bonnand-R", "name": { "family": "Bonnand", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Degallaix-J", "name": { "family": "Degallaix", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Forest-D", "name": { "family": "Forest", "given": "D." } }, { "id": "Flamino-R", "name": { "family": "Flamino", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Billingsley-G", "name": { "family": "Billingsley", "given": "G." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4141-2744" } ] }, "title": "Realization of low-loss mirrors with sub-nanometer flatness for future gravitational wave detectors", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Ion beam sputtering, Large Low-losses optics, uniformity, planetary", "note": "\u00a9 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe results described in this paper were possible thanks to the work of several staff members at the Laboratoire des Mat\u00e9riaux Avanc\u00e9s. In particular we would like to thank Mrs Pignard. \n\nVirgo has been constructed and is operated by the Centre National Recherche Scientifique and the Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. LIGO was constructed by the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with funding from the National Science Foundation and operates under cooperative agreement PHY-0757058. This paper has LIGO Document Number LIGO-P1200174-v1.\n\nPublished - 85501P.pdf
", "abstract": "The second generation of gravitational wave detectors will aim at improving by an order of magnitude their sensitivity versus the present ones (LIGO and VIRGO). These detectors are based on long-baseline Michelson interferometer with high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity in the arms and have strong requirements on the mirrors quality. These large low-loss mirrors (340 mm in diameter, 200 mm thick) must have a near perfect flatness. The coating process shall not add surface figure Zernike terms higher than second order with amplitude >0.5 nm over the central 160 mm diameter. The limits for absorption and scattering losses are respectively 0.5 and 5 ppm. For each cavity the maximum loss budget due to the surface figure error should be smaller than 50 ppm. Moreover the transmission matching between the two inputs mirrors must be better than 99%. \n\nWe describe the different configurations that were explored in order to respect all these requirements. Coatings are done using IBS. \n\nThe two first configurations based on a single rotation motion combined or not with uniformity masks allow to obtain coating thickness uniformity around 0.2 % rms on 160 mm diameter. But this is not sufficient to meet all the specifications. \n\nA planetary motion completed by masking technique has been studied. With simulated values the loss cavity is below 20 ppm, better than the requirements. First experimental results obtained with the planetary system will be presented.", "date": "2012-12-18", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 85501P", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161024-133349072", "isbn": "9780819493019", "book_title": "Optical Systems Design 2012", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161024-133349072", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)" }, { "agency": "Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0757058" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO-P1200174-v1", "name": "LIGO Document" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Ben\u00edtez-P", "name": { "family": "Ben\u00edtez", "given": "Pablo" } }, { "id": "David-S", "name": { "family": "David", "given": "Stuart" } }, { "id": "de-la-Fuente-M-C", "name": { "family": "de la Fuente", "given": "Marta C." } }, { "id": "Erdmann-A", "name": { "family": "Erdmann", "given": "Andreas" } }, { "id": "Kidger-T-E", "name": { "family": "Kidger", "given": "Tina E." } }, { "id": "Mazuray-L", "name": { "family": "Mazuray", "given": "Laurent" } }, { "id": "Raynor-J-M", "name": { "family": "Raynor", "given": "Jeffrey M." } }, { "id": "Smith-D-G", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "Daniel G." } }, { "id": "Tissot-J-L-M", "name": { "family": "Tissot", "given": "Jean-Luc M." } }, { "id": "Wartmann-R", "name": { "family": "Wartmann", "given": "Rolf" } }, { "id": "Wood-A-P", "name": { "family": "Wood", "given": "Andrew P." } }, { "id": "Wyrowski-F", "name": { "family": "Wyrowski", "given": "Frank" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.981766", "primary_object": { "basename": "85501P.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ycx91-1k017/files/85501P.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Michel, C.; Morgado, N.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ymw0v-4h394", "eprint_id": 71523, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 12:45:09", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 18:34:20", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Williams-R-D", "name": { "family": "Williams", "given": "Roy D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9145-8580" }, { "id": "Barthelmy-S-D", "name": { "family": "Barthelmy", "given": "Scott D." } }, { "id": "Denny-R-B", "name": { "family": "Denny", "given": "Robert B." } }, { "id": "Graham-M-J", "name": { "family": "Graham", "given": "Matthew J." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3168-0139" }, { "id": "Swinbank-J", "name": { "family": "Swinbank", "given": "John" } } ] }, "title": "Responding to the Event Deluge", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "VOEvent, GCN, TAN, Skyalert, transients", "note": "\u00a9 2012 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).\n\nPublished - 84480R.pdf
Submitted - 1206.0236.pdf
", "abstract": "We present the VOEventNet infrastructure for large-scale rapid follow-up of astronomical events, including selection, annotation, machine intelligence, and coordination of observations. The VOEvent standard is central to this vision, with distributed and replicated services rather than centralized facilities. We also describe some of the event brokers, services, and software that are connected to the network. These technologies will become more important in the coming years, with new event streams from Gaia, LOFAR, LIGO, LSST, and many others.", "date": "2012-09-13", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 84480R", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161027-070424925", "isbn": "978-0-8194-9149-7", "book_title": "Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems IV", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161027-070424925", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Peck-A-B", "name": { "family": "Peck", "given": "Alison B." } }, { "id": "Seaman-R-L", "name": { "family": "Seaman", "given": "Robert L." } }, { "id": "Comeron-F", "name": { "family": "Comeron", "given": "Fernando" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.925252", "primary_object": { "basename": "1206.0236.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ymw0v-4h394/files/1206.0236.pdf" }, "related_objects": [ { "basename": "84480R.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ymw0v-4h394/files/84480R.pdf" } ], "pub_year": "2012", "author_list": "Williams, Roy D.; Barthelmy, Scott D.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/454gy-yks55", "eprint_id": 76722, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 20:08:18", "lastmod": "2023-10-25 16:46:40", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Ramakrishnan-A", "name": { "family": "Ramakrishnan", "given": "Arun" } }, { "id": "Singh-G", "name": { "family": "Singh", "given": "Gurmeet" } }, { "id": "Zhao-Henan", "name": { "family": "Zhao", "given": "Henan" } }, { "id": "Deelman-E", "name": { "family": "Deelman", "given": "Ewa" } }, { "id": "Sakellariou-R", "name": { "family": "Sakellariou", "given": "Rizos" } }, { "id": "Vahi-K", "name": { "family": "Vahi", "given": "Karan" } }, { "id": "Blackburn-K", "name": { "family": "Blackburn", "given": "Kent" } }, { "id": "Meyers-D", "name": { "family": "Meyers", "given": "David" } }, { "id": "Samidi-M", "name": { "family": "Samidi", "given": "Michael" } } ] }, "title": "Scheduling Data-Intensive Workflows onto Storage-Constrained Distributed Resources", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2007 IEEE. \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation under the grant CNS 0615412. R. Sakellariou and H. Zhao would like to acknowledge partial support from the EU-funded CoreGrid Network of Excellence (grant FP6-004265) and the UK EPSRC grant GR/S67654/01. The authors thank Duncan Brown for his contributions to the LIGO workflow used to model simulated workflows. The authors also thank the Open Science\nGrid for resources used to motivate the work presented. The\nwork of K. Blackburn, D. Meyers. and M. Samidi was supported by the National Science Foundation under awards PHY-0107417 and PHY-0326281. The LIGO Observatories were constructed by the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with funding from the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement PHY-9210038. The LIGO Laboratory operates under cooperative agreement PHY-0107417. This paper has been assigned LIGO Document Number LIGO-P070003-00-Z.\n\nPublished - 04215405.pdf
", "abstract": "In this paper we examine the issue of optimizing disk usage and of scheduling large-scale scientific workflows onto distributed resources where the workflows are data- intensive, requiring large amounts of data storage, and where the resources have limited storage resources. Our approach is two-fold: we minimize the amount of space a workflow requires during execution by removing data files at runtime when they are no longer required and we schedule the workflows in a way that assures that the amount of data required and generated by the workflow fits onto the individual resources. For a workflow used by gravitational- wave physicists, we were able to improve the amount of storage required by the workflow by up to 57 %. We also designed an algorithm that can not only find feasible solutions for workflow task assignment to resources in disk- space constrained environments, but can also improve the overall workflow performance.", "date": "2007-05", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "IEEE", "place_of_pub": "Piscataway, NJ", "pagerange": "401-409", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20170419-154436528", "isbn": "0-7695-2833-3", "book_title": "Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid '07)", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20170419-154436528", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "CNS 0615412" }, { "agency": "CoreGrid Network of Excellence", "grant_number": "FP6-004265" }, { "agency": "Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)", "grant_number": "GR/S67654/01" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0326281" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-9210038" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO-P070003-00-Z", "name": "LIGO Document" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "doi": "10.1109/CCGRID.2007.101", "primary_object": { "basename": "04215405.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/454gy-yks55/files/04215405.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2007", "author_list": "Ramakrishnan, Arun; Singh, Gurmeet; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9npg-xny32", "eprint_id": 99707, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:34:43", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 22:01:48", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Galdi-V", "name": { "family": "Galdi", "given": "Vincenzo" } }, { "id": "Castaldi-G", "name": { "family": "Castaldi", "given": "Giuseppe" } }, { "id": "Pierro-V", "name": { "family": "Pierro", "given": "Vincenzo" } }, { "id": "Pinto-I-M", "name": { "family": "Pinto", "given": "Innocenzo M." } }, { "id": "Agresti-J", "name": { "family": "Agresti", "given": "Juri" } }, { "id": "D'Ambrosio-E", "name": { "family": "D'Ambrosio", "given": "Erika" } }, { "id": "DeSalvo-R", "name": { "family": "DeSalvo", "given": "Riccardo" } } ] }, "title": "Analytic structure and generalized duality relations for a family of hyperboloidal beams and supporting mirrors of potential interest for future gravitational wave detection interferometers", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Gravitational waves, interferometers, flat-top beams", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe work of J.A., E.D'A., and R.DS. was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0107417.\n\nPublished - 629004.pdf
", "abstract": "For the baseline design of future gravitational wave detection interferometers, use of optical cavities with nonsphericalmirrors supporting flat-top (\"mesa\") beams, potentially capable of mitigating the thermal noise of the mirrors, has recently drawn a considerable attention. To reduce the severe tilt-instability problems affecting the originally conceived nearly-flat, \"Mexican-hat-shaped\" mirror configuration, K. S. Thorne proposed a nearly-concentric mirror configuration capable of producing the same mesa beam profile on the mirror surfaces. Subsequently, Bondarescu and Thorne introduced a generalized construction that leads to a one-parameter family of \"hyperboloidal\" beams which allows continuous spanning from the nearly-flat to the nearly-concentric mesa beam configurations. This paper is concerned with a study of the analytic structure of the above family of hyperboloidal beams. Capitalizing on certain results from the applied optics literature on flat-top beams, a physically-insightful and computationally-effective representation is derived in terms of rapidly-converging Gauss-Laguerre expansions. Moreover, the functional relation between two generic hyperboloidal beams is investigated. This leads to a generalization (involving fractional Fourier transform operators of complex order) of some recently discovered duality relations between the nearly-flat and nearly-concentric mesa configurations. Possible implications and perspectives for the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) optical cavity design are discussed.", "date": "2006-09-07", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20191106-145502567", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191106-145502567", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Dickey-F-M", "name": { "family": "Dickey", "given": "Fred M." } }, { "id": "Shealy-D-L", "name": { "family": "Shealy", "given": "David L." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.679412", "primary_object": { "basename": "629004.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w9npg-xny32/files/629004.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Galdi, Vincenzo; Castaldi, Giuseppe; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ygkre-h7493", "eprint_id": 97039, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 18:28:31", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:49:12", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Agresti-J", "name": { "family": "Agresti", "given": "Juri" } }, { "id": "Castaldi-G", "name": { "family": "Castaldi", "given": "Giuseppe" } }, { "id": "DeSalvo-R", "name": { "family": "DeSalvo", "given": "Riccardo" } }, { "id": "Galdi-V", "name": { "family": "Galdi", "given": "Vincenzo" } }, { "id": "Pierro-V", "name": { "family": "Pierro", "given": "Vincenzo" } }, { "id": "Pinto-I-M", "name": { "family": "Pinto", "given": "Innocenzo M." } } ] }, "title": "Optimized multilayer dielectric mirror coatings for gravitational wave interferometers", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Multilayer coatings, dielectric mirrors, gravitational waves, interferometers, thermal noise", "note": "\u00a9 2006 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).\n\nThis work has been performed within the frame of a MOU with the LIGO Scientific Collaboration (LSC), and has been sponsored in part by the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN, Gruppo V) through the COAT project. The work of J.A. and R.DS. was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-0107417.\n\nPublished - 628608.pdf
", "abstract": "The limit sensitivity of interferometric gravitational wave antennas is set by the thermal noise in the dielectric mirror coatings. These are currently made of alternating quarter-wavelength high/low index material layers with low mechanical losses. The quarter-wavelength design yields the maximum reflectivity for a fixed number of layers, but not the lowest noise for a prescribed reflectivity. This motivated our recent investigation of optimal thickness configurations, which guarantee the lowest thermal noise for a targeted reflectivity. This communication provides a compact overview of our results, involving nonperiodic genetically-engineered and truncated periodically-layered configurations. Possible implications for the advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (LIGO) are discussed.", "date": "2006-08-28", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "Art. No. 628608", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190710-152530987", "isbn": "9780819463654", "book_title": "Advances in Thin-Film Coatings for Optical Applications III", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190710-152530987", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Ellison-M-J", "name": { "family": "Ellison", "given": "Michael J." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.678977", "primary_object": { "basename": "628608.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ygkre-h7493/files/628608.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2006", "author_list": "Agresti, Juri; Castaldi, Giuseppe; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gbsv0-h4x50", "eprint_id": 24761, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 04:35:07", "lastmod": "2024-01-13 05:19:08", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Lazzarini-A", "name": { "family": "Lazzarini", "given": "Albert" } } ] }, "title": "Direct searches for a cosmological stochastic gravitational wave background", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "stochastic gravitational wave background; SGWB; cosmological gravitational waves", "note": "\u00a9 2005 American Institute of Physics. \n\nIssue Date: 2 December 2005. \n\nThe author gratefully acknowledges his colleagues in the LIGO Scientific Collaboration whose work on searches for a stochastic gravitational wave background made this report possible. In addition he acknowledges the generous support of the United States National Science Foundation for the construction and operation of the LIGO Laboratory. This publication has been assigned LIGO Document Control Number LIGO-P050035-03.\n\nPublished - LAZaipcp05.pdf
", "abstract": "LIGO has completed a series of observations searching for evidence of a stochastic gravitational wave background. There has been no detection to date. However the sensitivity of the observations is approaching the Big Bang nucleosynthesis bound. Future observations will provide information that bounds a number of early Universe models of stochastic gravitational waves.", "date": "2005-12-02", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "American Institute of Physics", "place_of_pub": "Melville, NY", "pagerange": "87-93", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20110809-100203192", "isbn": "0-7354-0295-7", "book_title": "Particles, Strings, and Cosmology", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20110809-100203192", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO-P050035-03", "name": "LIGO Document Number" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Choi-K", "name": { "family": "Choi", "given": "Kiwoon" } }, { "id": "Kim-J-E", "name": { "family": "Kim", "given": "Jihn E." } }, { "id": "Son-D", "name": { "family": "Son", "given": "Dongchul" } } ] }, "corp_creators": { "items": [ "LIGO Scientific Collaboration" ] }, "doi": "10.1063/1.2149681", "primary_object": { "basename": "LAZaipcp05.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/gbsv0-h4x50/files/LAZaipcp05.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Lazzarini, Albert" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/vvk4m-28383", "eprint_id": 72947, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 15:25:40", "lastmod": "2023-10-23 23:26:31", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Singh-G", "name": { "family": "Singh", "given": "Gurmeet" } }, { "id": "Deelman-E", "name": { "family": "Deelman", "given": "Ewa" } }, { "id": "Mehta-G", "name": { "family": "Metha", "given": "Gaurang" } }, { "id": "Vahi-K", "name": { "family": "Vahi", "given": "Karan" } }, { "id": "Su-Mei-Hui", "name": { "family": "Su", "given": "Mei-Hui" } }, { "id": "Berriman-G-B", "name": { "family": "Berriman", "given": "G. Bruce" }, "orcid": "0000-0001-8388-534X" }, { "id": "Good-J-C", "name": { "family": "Good", "given": "John" } }, { "id": "Jacob-J-C", "name": { "family": "Jacob", "given": "Joseph C." } }, { "id": "Katz-D-S", "name": { "family": "Katz", "given": "Daniel S." } }, { "id": "Lazzarini-A", "name": { "family": "Lazzarini", "given": "Albert" } }, { "id": "Blackburn-K", "name": { "family": "Blackburn", "given": "Kent" } }, { "id": "Koranda-S", "name": { "family": "Koranda", "given": "Scott" } } ] }, "title": "The Pegasus portal: web based grid computing", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Grid computing, Workflow management, Web based computing, \nScheduling, Resource allocation, Portals", "note": "\u00a9 2005 ACM. \n\nPegasus is supported by NSF under grants ITR-0086044 (GriPhyN) and ITR AST0122449 (NVO). LIGO Laboratory operates under NSF cooperative agreement PHY-0107417. Montage is supported by the NASA Earth Sciences Technology Office Computing Technologies (ESTO-CT) program, under Cooperative Agreement Notice NCC 5-6261.", "abstract": "Pegasus is a planning framework for mapping abstract workflows for execution on the Grid. This paper presents the implementation of a web-based portal for submitting workflows to the Grid using Pegasus. The portal also includes components for generating abstract workflows based on a metadata description of the desired data products and application-specific services. We describe our experiences in using this portal for two Grid applications. A major contribution of our work is in introducing several components that can be useful for Grid portals and hence should be included in Grid portal development toolkits.", "date": "2005-03", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "ACM", "place_of_pub": "New York, NY", "pagerange": "680-686", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20161219-161801486", "isbn": "1-58113-964-0", "book_title": "SAC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Applied computing", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20161219-161801486", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ACI-0086044" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "AST-0122449" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" }, { "agency": "NASA", "grant_number": "NCC 5-6261" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" }, { "id": "Infrared-Processing-and-Analysis-Center-(IPAC)" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Liebrock-L-M", "name": { "family": "Liebrock", "given": "Lorie M." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1145/1066677.1066834", "pub_year": "2005", "author_list": "Singh, Gurmeet; Deelman, Ewa; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ag3r4-2ht07", "eprint_id": 93116, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:19:37", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:30:28", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Robertson-N-A", "name": { "family": "Robertson", "given": "N. A." } }, { "id": "Abbott-B-P", "name": { "family": "Abbott", "given": "B." } }, { "id": "Armandula-H", "name": { "family": "Armandula", "given": "H." } }, { "id": "Barton-M", "name": { "family": "Barton", "given": "M." } }, { "id": "Bork-R", "name": { "family": "Bork", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Coyne-D-C", "name": { "family": "Coyne", "given": "D." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-6427-3222" }, { "id": "Heefner-J", "name": { "family": "Heefner", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Jones-L", "name": { "family": "Jones", "given": "L." } }, { "id": "Mailand-K", "name": { "family": "Mailand", "given": "K." } }, { "id": "Romie-J", "name": { "family": "Romie", "given": "J." } }, { "id": "Torrie-C-I", "name": { "family": "Torrie", "given": "C." } }, { "id": "Willems-P-A", "name": { "family": "Willems", "given": "P." } } ] }, "title": "Seismic isolation and suspension systems for Advanced LIGO", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "note": "\u00a9 2004 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the following agencies and universities: National Science Foundation, Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the Max-Planck Society, the Universities of Glasgow, Birmingham and Strathclyde. The work at Stanford University is supported by NSF grant PHY-0140297. The work at the LIGO Laboratories and Observatories is supported by NSF grant PHY-0107417. The work at Louisiana State University is supported by NSF grants PHY-0071316 and PHY-0304924 and Louisiana Board of Regents contract LEQSF(2000-03)-RD-A-06.\n\nPublished - 81.pdf
", "abstract": "To meet the overall isolation and alignment requirements for the optics in Advanced LIGO, the planned upgrade to LIGO, the US laser interferometric gravitational wave observatory, we are developing three sub-systems: a hydraulic external pre-isolator for low frequency alignment and control, a two-stage active isolation platform designed to give a factor of ~1000 attenuation at 10 Hz, and a multiple pendulum suspension system that provides passive isolation above a few hertz. The hydraulic stage uses laminar-flow quiet hydraulic actuators with millimeter range, and provides isolation and alignment for the optics payload below 10 Hz, including correction for measured Earth tides and the microseism. This stage supports the in-vacuum two-stage active isolation platform, which reduces vibration using force feedback from inertial sensor signals in six degrees of freedom. The platform provides a quiet, controlled structure to mount the suspension system. This latter system has been developed from the triple pendulum suspension used in GEO 600, the German/UK gravitational wave detector. To meet the more stringent noise levels required in Advanced LIGO, the baseline design for the most sensitive optics calls for a quadruple pendulum, whose final stage consists of a 40 kg sapphire mirror suspended on fused silica ribbons to reduce suspension thermal noise.", "date": "2004-09-29", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "81-91", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110524925", "isbn": "9780819454324", "book_title": "Gravitational Wave and Particle Astrophysics Detectors", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110524925", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF" }, { "agency": "Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC)" }, { "agency": "Max-Planck Society" }, { "agency": "University of Glasgow" }, { "agency": "University of Birmingham" }, { "agency": "University of Strathclyde" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0140297" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0071316" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0304924" }, { "agency": "Louisiana Board of Regents", "grant_number": "LEQSF(2000-03)-RD-A-06" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Hough-J", "name": { "family": "Hough", "given": "James" } }, { "id": "Sanders-G-H", "name": { "family": "Sanders", "given": "Gary H." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.552469", "primary_object": { "basename": "81.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ag3r4-2ht07/files/81.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Robertson, N. A.; Abbott, B.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qt2wm-agv96", "eprint_id": 93109, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:19:32", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:30:22", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Miyakawa-Osamu", "name": { "family": "Miyakawa", "given": "Osamu" } }, { "id": "Kawamura-Seiji", "name": { "family": "Kawamura", "given": "Seiji" } }, { "id": "Abbott-B-P", "name": { "family": "Abbott", "given": "Benjamin" } }, { "id": "Bork-R", "name": { "family": "Bork", "given": "Rolf" } }, { "id": "Fritschel-P-K", "name": { "family": "Fritschel", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "Goggin-L-M", "name": { "family": "Goggin", "given": "Lisa" } }, { "id": "Heefner-J", "name": { "family": "Heefner", "given": "Jay" } }, { "id": "Ivanov-A", "name": { "family": "Ivanov", "given": "Alexander" } }, { "id": "Kawazoe-Fumiko", "name": { "family": "Kawazoe", "given": "Fumiko" } }, { "id": "Mow-Lowry-C", "name": { "family": "Mow-Lowry", "given": "Conor" } }, { "id": "Ourjoumtsev-A", "name": { "family": "Ourjoumtsev", "given": "Alexei" } }, { "id": "Sakata-Sihori", "name": { "family": "Sakata", "given": "Sihori" } }, { "id": "Smith-M", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "Michael" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3321-1432" }, { "id": "Strain-K-A", "name": { "family": "Strain", "given": "Kenneth" } }, { "id": "Taylor-R", "name": { "family": "Taylor", "given": "Rober" } }, { "id": "Ugolini-D", "name": { "family": "Ugolini", "given": "Dennis" } }, { "id": "Vass-S", "name": { "family": "Vass", "given": "Stephen" } }, { "id": "Ward-R", "name": { "family": "Ward", "given": "Robert" } }, { "id": "Weinstein-Alan-J-Physics", "name": { "family": "Weinstein", "given": "Alan" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-0928-6784" } ] }, "title": "Sensing and control of the advanced LIGO optical configuration", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "gravitational waves, interferometer, optics, controls, servos", "note": "\u00a9 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThis work was supported by the National Science Foundation cooperative agreement PHY0107417. This document has been assigned LIGO document number LIGO-P0400170-00-R. We thank the many members of the LIGO Laboratory, the LIGO Scientific Collaboration and the engineering team especially J. Romie, H. Armandula and G. Billingsley. We also thank A. Freise for developing the FINESSE simulation tool.\n\nPublished - 92.pdf
", "abstract": "The LIGO Laboratory 40m prototype interferometer at Caltech is being commissioned to prototype an optical configuration for Advanced LIGO. This optical configuration has to control five length degrees of freedom, and its control topology will be significantly more complicated than any other present interferometers. This paper explains the method of sensing, controls and lock acquisition.", "date": "2004-09-29", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "92-104", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110523494", "isbn": "9780819454324", "book_title": "Gravitational Wave and Particle Astrophysics Detectors", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110523494", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "P0400170-00-R", "name": "LIGO Document" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Hough-J", "name": { "family": "Hough", "given": "James" } }, { "id": "Sanders-G-H", "name": { "family": "Sanders", "given": "Gary H." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.552406", "primary_object": { "basename": "92.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/qt2wm-agv96/files/92.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Miyakawa, Osamu; Kawamura, Seiji; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wh14g-dkz91", "eprint_id": 93134, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:19:41", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:30:36", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Harry-G-M", "name": { "family": "Harry", "given": "Gregory M." } }, { "id": "Armandula-H", "name": { "family": "Armandula", "given": "Helena" } }, { "id": "Black-E-D", "name": { "family": "Black", "given": "Eric" } }, { "id": "Crooks-D-R-M", "name": { "family": "Crooks", "given": "D. R. M." } }, { "id": "Cagnoli-G", "name": { "family": "Cagnoli", "given": "Gianpietro" } }, { "id": "Fejer-M-M", "name": { "family": "Fejer", "given": "Martin M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5512-1905" }, { "id": "Hough-J", "name": { "family": "Hough", "given": "Jim" } }, { "id": "Penn-S-D", "name": { "family": "Penn", "given": "Steven D." } }, { "id": "Rowan-S", "name": { "family": "Rowan", "given": "Sheila" } }, { "id": "Route-R-K", "name": { "family": "Route", "given": "Roger" } }, { "id": "Sneddon-P-H", "name": { "family": "Sneddon", "given": "Peter" } } ] }, "title": "Optical coatings for gravitational wave detection", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "optical coatings, astronomy, interferometry", "note": "\u00a9 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe LIGO Observatories were constructed by the California Institute of Technology and Massachusetts Institute of Technology with funding from the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement PHY 9210038. The LIGO Laboratory operates under cooperative agreement PHY-0107417. This paper has been assigned LIGO Document Number LIGO-P040023-00-D.\n\nPublished - 33.pdf
", "abstract": "Gravitational waves are a prediction of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity. Astrophysical events like supernova and binary neutron star inspirals are predicted to create potentially detectable waves. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) is an experiment to detect these waves using Michelson interferometers with 4 km long arms. The effect of gravitational waves, even on an interferometer with such a long baseline, is extremely, with mirror displacements around 10^(-18)m. Reducing noise is thus a primary design criterion. For the next generation interferometers now being designed, thermal noise from the optical coatings of the interferometer mirrors could prove a problematic limiting noise source. Reducing the mechanical loss of these coatings to improve thermal noise, while preserving the sub-ppm optical absorption, low scatter, and high reflectivity needed in the interferometer is an important area of research.", "date": "2004-09-29", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "33-40", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110526711", "isbn": "9780819454652", "book_title": "Advances in Thin Film Coatings for Optical Applications", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110526711", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-9210038" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" } ] }, "other_numbering_system": { "items": [ { "id": "P040023-00-D", "name": "LIGO Document" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Kruschwitz-J-D-T", "name": { "family": "Kruschwitz", "given": "Jennifer D. T." } }, { "id": "Oliver-J-B", "name": { "family": "Oliver", "given": "James B." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.555780", "primary_object": { "basename": "33.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/wh14g-dkz91/files/33.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Harry, Gregory M.; Armandula, Helena; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/41gch-4nm48", "eprint_id": 93148, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 14:19:46", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:34:46", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Barriga-P", "name": { "family": "Barriga", "given": "Pablo" } }, { "id": "Barton-M-A", "name": { "family": "Barton", "given": "Mark" } } ] }, "title": "Status of ACIGA High Power Test Facility for advanced interferometry", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Gravitational Waves, Lasers, Radiation Pressure, Vibration Isolation, Thermal Lensing", "note": "\u00a9 2004 Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThis work is supported by the Australian Research Council, the Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST), and by LIGO laboratories. The authors wish to thanks the LIGO ACIGA Advisory Committee: Jordan Camp, Bill Kells, David J. Ottaway, David Reitze, Benno Willke and Mike Zucker. Also acknowledged is David Shoemaker for his support of this committee. Mark Barton was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant number PHY0245117. The authors also wish to thank the Gravity Waves technical staff at UWA: Ken Field, Peter Hay, Vinnie Nguyen, Xiaomei Niu, Steve Pople, Tim Slade and Daniel Stone.\n\nPublished - 70.pdf
", "abstract": "The Australian Consortium for Gravitational Astronomy has built a High Optical Power Test Facility north of Perth, Western Australia. Current experiments in collaboration with LIGO are testing thermal lensing compensation, and suspension control on an 80m baseline suspended optical cavity. Future experiments will test radiation pressure instabilities and optical spring in a high power optical cavity with ~200kW circulating power. Once issues of operation and control have been resolved, the facility will go on to assess the noise performance of the high optical power technology through operation of an advanced interferometer with sapphire tests masses, and high performance suspension and isolation systems. The facility combines research and development undertaken by all consortium members, which latest results are presented.", "date": "2004-09-29", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "70-80", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110528176", "isbn": "9780819454324", "book_title": "Gravitational Wave and Particle Astrophysics Detectors", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110528176", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "Australian Research Council" }, { "agency": "Department of Education, Science and Training (Australia)" }, { "agency": "LIGO Laboratory" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-024511" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Hough-J", "name": { "family": "Hough", "given": "James" } }, { "id": "Sanders-G-H", "name": { "family": "Sanders", "given": "Gary H." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.581300", "primary_object": { "basename": "70.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/41gch-4nm48/files/70.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2004", "author_list": "Barriga, Pablo and Barton, Mark" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ajq3n-39066", "eprint_id": 93020, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:04:53", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:29:08", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Sanders-G-H", "name": { "family": "Sanders", "given": "Gary H." } } ] }, "title": "Status of LIGO", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "gravity, general relativity, gravitational waves, LIGO, Virgo, GEO, TAMA", "note": "\u00a9 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThis paper briefly describes the current status of the efforts by a remarkable group of people, the staff and collaborators in the LIGO effort. There is a great deal of admirable work that cannot be described in this short conference paper. The US National Science Foundation, under awards PHY-9210038 and PHY-0107417, has supported the LIGO effort.\n\nPublished - 247.pdf
", "abstract": "LIGO construction has been completed. The three interferometers at the two LIGO observatory sites (Livingston, Louisiana and Hanford, Washington) have been operated successfully as power-recycled Michelson interferometers with Fabry-Perot arm cavities. Commissioning of the interferometers has progressed to operating them simultaneously in this final optical configuration. The initial coincidence operation between the observatory sites has provided a full test of the detector hardware and software subsystems, and full operation of the data acquisition and data analysis systems. The LIGO Laboratory and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration are working together to exploit the early series of interleaved engineering and science runs to commission the detector and data systems, to provide a detailed characterization of the detector and to produce the first scientific results from LIGO. The operation of LIGO is also coordinated with operation of the GEO 600 detector and the ALLEGRO resonant mass detector. The status of this early operation and data study will be presented.", "date": "2003-02-26", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "247-257", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110514724", "isbn": "9780819446350", "book_title": "Gravitational-Wave Detection", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110514724", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-9210038" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Saulson-P-R", "name": { "family": "Saulson", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "Cruise-A-M", "name": { "family": "Cruise", "given": "Adrian M." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.459097", "primary_object": { "basename": "247.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ajq3n-39066/files/247.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "Sanders, Gary H." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6nn0b-67009", "eprint_id": 93019, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 11:04:48", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:29:06", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "M\u00e1rka-S", "name": { "family": "M\u00e1rka", "given": "Szabolcs" } } ] }, "title": "Merits of coincident observation of energetic cosmic events by astronomical and gravity wave observatories", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "supernovae, neutrino, GRB, gravity wave, gravitational radiation, SNEWS, GCN, IPN", "note": "\u00a9 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThe LIGO Project and LIGO Laboratory were constructed by the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement PHY-9210038. The Laboratory operates under cooperative agreement PHY-0107417. We are grateful to external organizations and to scientists helping us with data related to our field of study. We are grateful to Scott Barthelmy and the GCN network and Kevin Hurley and the IPN network for providing us with near real time GRB triggers and to the Ulysses, Konus, SAX, and HETE experiments who detect and generate the events distributed GCN and IPN. We thank Kate Scholberg and the Supernova Early Warning System (SNEWS) for providing us with near real time access to relevant neutrino burst information. We would like to thank the people on the LIGO and LSC team, who are building the instruments, which will allow us to pursue such exciting line of analysis. The author greatly acknowledges the collaborative effort help and suggestions of the people condensing in and around the Burst Upper Limit Group within LSC. I would like to thank Zsuzsa M\u00e1rka, Benoit Mours, Gary Sanders and Hareem Tariq for their useful comments.\n\nPublished - 222.pdf
", "abstract": "Presently there are six interferometric gravitational wave detectors in the commissioning or construction phase in North America, Europe, and Japan. Once completed this worldwide network of detectors will be capable of detecting gravitational waves with unprecedented detail and sensitivity. Their ambition reaches well beyond the first direct detection of gravitational waves; they promise the dawn of a new field, the gravitational wave astronomy. One of the major goals of interferometric gravity wave detectors is to develop and exploit gravitational wave detection in conjunction with other conventional observational techniques, which are capable of observing the same astronomical process using different methods. The most promising areas are the optical, GRB and neutrino searches for energetic processes. Coincident observation of astronomical events shall revolutionize the way we understand energetic processes and will provide a new window on compact and difficult to study astronomical objects such as stellar cores. We will discuss the status, the potential future, and benefits of collaboration amongst gravitational wave detector networks and astronomical/GRB/neutrino networks and some of the practical experiences with the LIGO detectors.", "date": "2003-02-26", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "222-229", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110514648", "isbn": "9780819446350", "book_title": "Gravitational-Wave Detection", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110514648", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-9210038" }, { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-0107417" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Saulson-P-R", "name": { "family": "Saulson", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "Cruise-A-M", "name": { "family": "Cruise", "given": "Adrian M." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.459091", "primary_object": { "basename": "222.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6nn0b-67009/files/222.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2003", "author_list": "M\u00e1rka, Szabolcs" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w1rwg-cct96", "eprint_id": 93053, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 09:19:53", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:29:35", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Camp-J-B", "name": { "family": "Camp", "given": "J. B." } }, { "id": "Billingsley-G", "name": { "family": "Billingsley", "given": "G." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4141-2744" }, { "id": "Kells-W", "name": { "family": "Kells", "given": "W." } }, { "id": "Lazzarini-A", "name": { "family": "Lazzarini", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Sanders-G-H", "name": { "family": "Sanders", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "Whitcomb-S-L", "name": { "family": "Whitcomb", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Alexandrovski-A", "name": { "family": "Alexandrovski", "given": "A." } }, { "id": "Fejer-M-M", "name": { "family": "Fejer", "given": "M." }, "orcid": "0000-0002-5512-1905" }, { "id": "Gustafson-E-K", "name": { "family": "Gustafson", "given": "E." } }, { "id": "Route-R-K", "name": { "family": "Route", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Rowan-S", "name": { "family": "Rowan", "given": "S." } }, { "id": "Bochner-B", "name": { "family": "Bochner", "given": "B." } }, { "id": "Harry-G-M", "name": { "family": "Harry", "given": "G." } }, { "id": "Mavalvala-N", "name": { "family": "Mavalvala", "given": "N." } }, { "id": "Weiss-R", "name": { "family": "Weiss", "given": "R." } }, { "id": "Hough-J", "name": { "family": "Hough", "given": "J." } } ] }, "title": "LIGO optics: initial and advanced", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "LIGO optics, substrates, coatings, sapphire, absorption, birefringence", "note": "\u00a9 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThis work is supported by the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement PHY-9210038.\n\nPublished - 1.pdf
", "abstract": "The LIGO project has completed the installation of large fused silica optical components in the vacuum systems of its observatories. Commissioning work on the Hanford 2 km interferometer has determined an upper limit to the optics losses, allowing comparison with design and pre-installation testing. Planning and development of sapphire optics for the next generation, advanced LIGO detector is now underway, including polishability, optical homogeneity, absorption, and birefringence. The advanced optics development also includes research aimed at lowering coating loss.", "date": "2002-04-09", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "1-18", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110517780", "isbn": "9780819444189", "book_title": "Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2001", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20190221-110517780", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-9210038" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Exarhos-G-J", "name": { "family": "Exarhos", "given": "Gregory J." } }, { "id": "Guenther-A-H", "name": { "family": "Guenther", "given": "Arthur H." } }, { "id": "Lewis-K-L", "name": { "family": "Lewis", "given": "Keith L." } }, { "id": "Soileau-M-J", "name": { "family": "Soileau", "given": "M. J." } }, { "id": "Stolz-C-J", "name": { "family": "Stolz", "given": "Christopher J." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.461689", "primary_object": { "basename": "1.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/w1rwg-cct96/files/1.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Camp, J. B.; Billingsley, G.; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/529kj-cvz97", "eprint_id": 99144, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 22:52:35", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:59:04", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Deelman-E", "name": { "family": "Deelman", "given": "Ewa" } }, { "id": "Kesselman-C", "name": { "family": "Kesselman", "given": "Carl" } }, { "id": "Williams-R-D", "name": { "family": "Williams", "given": "Roy" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9145-8580" }, { "id": "Blackburn-K", "name": { "family": "Blackburn", "given": "Kent" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3838-2986" }, { "id": "Lazzarini-A", "name": { "family": "Lazzarini", "given": "Albert" } }, { "id": "Koranda-S", "name": { "family": "Koranda", "given": "Scott" } } ] }, "title": "Applications of Virtual Data in the LIGO Experiment", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Gravitational Wave; Directed Acyclic Graph; Compact Muon Solenoid; Data Grid; Grid Environment", "note": "\u00a9 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. \n\nThis work was supported by NSF under contract ITR-0086044, \"GriPhyN:Grid Physics Network,\" (www.griphyn.org). Scott Koranda's work was also supported by the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. We wish to thank all the members of the GriPhyN project for their valuable contributions.", "abstract": "Many Physics experiments today generate large volumes of data. That data is then processed in many ways in order to achieve the understanding of fundamental physical phenomena. Virtual Data is a concept that unifies the view of the data whether it is raw or derived. It provides a new degree of transparency in how data-handling and processing capabilities are integrated to deliver data products to end-users or applications, so that requests for such products are easily mapped into computation and/or data access at multiple locations. GriPhyN (Grid Physics Network) is a NSF-funded project, which aims to realize the concepts of Virtual Data. Among the physics applications participating in the project is the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO), which is being built to observe the gravitational waves predicted by general relativity. LIGO will produce large amounts of data, which are expected to reach hundreds of petabytes over the next decade. Large communities of scientists, distributed around the world, need to access parts of these datasets and perform efficient analysis on them. It is expected that the raw and processed data will be distributed among various national centers, university computing centers, and individual workstations. In this paper we describe some of the challenges associated with building Virtual Data Grids for experiments such as LIGO.", "date": "2002", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Springer", "place_of_pub": "Berlin, Heidelberg", "pagerange": "23-34", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20191008-100648716", "isbn": "978-3-540-43792-5", "book_title": "Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20191008-100648716", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "ITR-0086044" }, { "agency": "University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Wyrzykowski-R", "name": { "family": "Wyrzykowski", "given": "Roman" } }, { "id": "Dongarra-J", "name": { "family": "Dongarra", "given": "Jack" } }, { "id": "Paprzycki-M", "name": { "family": "Paprzycki", "given": "Marcin" } }, { "id": "Wa\u015bniewski-J", "name": { "family": "Wa\u015bniewski", "given": "Jerzy" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/3-540-48086-2_3", "pub_year": "2002", "author_list": "Deelman, Ewa; Kesselman, Carl; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4w58a-j1z17", "eprint_id": 91803, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 08:43:02", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:19:26", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Oreb-B-F", "name": { "family": "Oreb", "given": "Bob" } }, { "id": "Leistner-A-J", "name": { "family": "Leistner", "given": "Achim" } }, { "id": "Billingsley-G", "name": { "family": "Billingsley", "given": "Garilynn" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-4141-2744" }, { "id": "Kells-W-P", "name": { "family": "Kells", "given": "Bill" } }, { "id": "Camp-J-B", "name": { "family": "Camp", "given": "Jordan" } } ] }, "title": "Interferometric measurement of refractive index inhomogeneity on polished sapphire substrates: application to LIGO-II", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Interferometry, gravitational waves, LIGO, metrology, optical inhomogeneity, sapphire", "note": "\u00a9 2001 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nWe acknowledge the assistance of C.J. Walsh, J.A. Seckold, Z.S. Hegedus and N. Savvides. Discussions with Chandra Khattak of Crystal Systems and Roger Route of Stanford University are gratefully acknowledged. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under the Co-operative Agreement with the California Institute of Technology, No. PHY-9210038.\n\nPublished - 414.pdf
", "abstract": "In order to improve the detection sensitivity of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) the use of 40-kg sapphire test masses is being considered for the next instrument upgrade. Currently, sapphire material of adequate size is only available with the optical axis aligned with the m axis of the crystal. To determine the material's suitability it is necessary to characterize the refractive index inhomogeneity of the sapphire substrates for two orthogonal directions of polarisation, to a fraction of a part per million (ppm). We report on a method used to measure the refractive index inhomogeneity which requires three separate measurements of the polished sapphire blank in a Fizeau interferometer. These measurements are of the surface shapes or figures of the two polished sides of the blank and that of the wavefront entering side one propagating through the blank, reflected off side two and exiting through side one. The phase maps corresponding to these three measurements are combined to obtain the refractive index inhomogeneity map distribution. Measurements were carried out on two sapphire substrates (m axis) produced by the heat exchange method. The inhomogeneity maps show features which depend on polarisation direction. The physical origin of the inhomogeneities is discussed as well as the probable impact on the detection of a gravitational wave signal.", "date": "2001-12-27", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "414-423", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20181213-143631858", "isbn": "9780819441652", "book_title": "Optical Manufacturing and Testing IV", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181213-143631858", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-9210038" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Stahl-H-P", "name": { "family": "Stahl", "given": "H. Philip" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.453639", "primary_object": { "basename": "414.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/4w58a-j1z17/files/414.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Oreb, Bob; Leistner, Achim; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/p76jt-yye61", "eprint_id": 101254, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-21 21:52:21", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 22:07:10", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Barish-B-C", "name": { "family": "Barish", "given": "Barry C." } } ] }, "title": "Gravitational Waves", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Neutron Star; Gravitational Wave; Early Universe; Gravitational Radiation; Gravitational Wave Detection", "note": "\u00a9 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.", "abstract": "The effort to develop suspended mass interferometers for gravitational wave detection has lead to an ambitious new set of long baseline interferometers that will soon become operational. These detectors are based on the effect of a propagating gravitational wave to deform space in a quadrupolar form. The characteristics of the deformation are indicated in figure 1.", "date": "2001", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Springer", "place_of_pub": "Dordrecht", "pagerange": "47-65", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200212-152223047", "isbn": "978-1-4020-0120-8", "book_title": "Cosmic Radiations: From Astronomy to Particle Physics", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200212-152223047", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Giacomelli-G", "name": { "family": "Giacomelli", "given": "Giorgio" } }, { "id": "Spurio-M", "name": { "family": "Spurio", "given": "Maurizio" } }, { "id": "Derkaoui-J-E", "name": { "family": "Derkaoui", "given": "Jamal Eddine" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/978-94-010-0634-7_3", "pub_year": "2001", "author_list": "Barish, Barry C." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1wwe8-szw06", "eprint_id": 91477, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 06:26:49", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 21:15:25", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "DeSalvo-R", "name": { "family": "DeSalvo", "given": "Riccardo" } } ] }, "title": "Interferometric gravitational wave detectors vibrational isolation", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "Gravitational waves, seismic attenuation, passive attenuation", "note": "\u00a9 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\nThis grant is supported in part by NSF Grant #PHY9801158. \n\nThe results presented in this paper have been generated by the following collaborators: Alessandro Bertolini, Giancarlo Cella, Szabolcs Marka, Flavio Nocera, Kenji Numata, Virginio Sannibale, Akiteru Takamori, Hareem Tariq, Nicolas Viboud, Tatsuo Yoda, Chenyang Wang. Special thanks to our Virgo and TAMA colleagues that continuously supported our work with their ideas and suggestions.\n\nPublished - 98.pdf
", "abstract": "Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors, coming online lin late 2000, look for small space strains, leading to apparent motions of test masses of 10-19 m or less; isolation from other forces is crucial. They require a formidable vibration isolation level in a frequency range between few Hz and few kHz. The off-band residual motion must be kept below 10-12 m not to saturate the phase sensors. These exceptional requirements are met, in all degrees of freedom, with a chain of active and passive filters. The key isolation mechanism is the use of mechanical oscillators above their resonant frequencies, pendula horizontally, springs vertically. Very high quality pendular suspensions are needed at the mirror level to limit the thermal noise from fluctuations in the dissipation mechanisms. Off-band electromagnetic actuators on or near the mirror keep its magnitude of attenuation in the longitudinal direction. To provide the bulk of the attenuation, virtually all in the vertical direction, they are suspended from Seismic Noise Attenuation Systems. Attenuation filters, either active or passive, are chained, each providing 2 or 3 orders of magnitude of attenuation. Passive attenuation is obtained with springs and pendula. The vertical is the toughest direction to deal with because the oscillators also fight against gravity. The vertical attenuation requirements, although orthogonal to the beam direction, are only slightly less stringent than the vertical ones due to cross-couplings (Earth curvature is the source of one of them). High internal damping springs organized in hierarchical stacks are used in most early designs. More advanced designs increasingly rely on chains of filters equipped with high quality cantilever springs driven to low resonant frequencies by different mechanisms. The Quality Factors of each resonance are actively and/or passively spoiled at the chain suspension point. IN the latest designs, Ultra Low Frequency Oscillators filter out the microseismic and other low frequency perturbations. This paper addresses one approach to achieving the required seismic isolation level.", "date": "2000-10-24", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "98-106", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20181204-132724904", "isbn": "9780819437389", "book_title": "Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Systems Engineering", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20181204-132724904", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-9801158" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Fischer-R-E", "name": { "family": "Fischer", "given": "Robert E." } }, { "id": "Smith-W-J", "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "Warren J." } }, { "id": "Johnson-R-B", "name": { "family": "Johnson", "given": "R. Barry" } }, { "id": "Swantner-W-H", "name": { "family": "Swantner", "given": "William H." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.405247", "primary_object": { "basename": "98.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1wwe8-szw06/files/98.pdf" }, "pub_year": "2000", "author_list": "DeSalvo, Riccardo" }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/2y3b1-2s843", "eprint_id": 104306, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-22 13:26:24", "lastmod": "2024-01-15 04:32:13", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Blackburn-K", "name": { "family": "Blackburn", "given": "Kent" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-3838-2986" }, { "id": "Lazzarini-A", "name": { "family": "Lazzarini", "given": "Albert" } }, { "id": "Prince-T-A", "name": { "family": "Prince", "given": "Tom" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-8850-3627" }, { "id": "Williams-R-D", "name": { "family": "Williams", "given": "Roy" }, "orcid": "0000-0002-9145-8580" } ] }, "title": "XSIL: Extensible scientific interchange language", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "restricted", "keywords": "Synthetic Aperture Radar; Binary File; Document Type Definition; Stream Element; Frame Object", "note": "\u00a9 1999 Springer-Verlag.", "abstract": "We motivate and define the XSIL language as a flexible, hierarchical, extensible transport language for scientific data objects. The entire object may be represented in the file, or there may be metadata in the XSIL file, with a powerful, fault-tolerant linking mechanism to external data. The language is based on XML, and is designed not only for parsing and processing by machines, but also for presentation to humans through web browsers and web-database technology. There is a natural mapping between the elements of the XSIL language and the object model into which they are translated by the parser. As well as common objects (Parameter, Array, Time, Table), we have extended XSIL to include the IGWDFrame, used by gravitational-wave observatories.", "date": "1999", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Springer", "place_of_pub": "Berlin", "pagerange": "513-524", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20200708-152256926", "isbn": "9783540658214", "book_title": "High-Performance Computing and Networking", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20200708-152256926", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "Center-for-Advanced-Computing-Research" }, { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Sloot-P", "name": { "family": "Sloot", "given": "Peter" } }, { "id": "Bubak-M", "name": { "family": "Bubak", "given": "Marian" } }, { "id": "Hoekstra-A", "name": { "family": "Hoekstra", "given": "Alfons" } }, { "id": "Hertzberger-B", "name": { "family": "Hertzberger", "given": "Bob" } } ] }, "doi": "10.1007/bfb0100612", "pub_year": "1999", "author_list": "Blackburn, Kent; Lazzarini, Albert; et el." }, { "id": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cv1nq-r6w60", "eprint_id": 88445, "eprint_status": "archive", "datestamp": "2023-08-19 02:53:39", "lastmod": "2024-01-14 20:34:54", "type": "book_section", "metadata_visibility": "show", "creators": { "items": [ { "id": "Savage-R-L-Jr", "name": { "family": "Savage", "given": "R. L., Jr." } } ] }, "title": "Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) project: overview and status", "ispublished": "unpub", "full_text_status": "public", "keywords": "LIGO, gravitational wave, astronomy, interferometer", "note": "\u00a9 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). \n\n\nThe LIGO project is supported by the National Science Foundation under cooperative agreement PHY-9210038.\n\nThe work reported here is that of the entire LIGO team, past and present. The author gratefully acknowledges enlightening discussions with F. J. Raab and the assistance of P. J. King with the preparation and editing of this manuscript. He also thanks D. J. Vieira for his invitation and encouragement to participate in this interesting conference session.\n\nPublished - 2.pdf
", "abstract": "The LIGO Project is a joint effort between the California Institute of Technology and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to build and operate a novel astronomical observatory that directly senses gravitational waves, and in doing so open a new observational window to the universe. Installation of detector components is planned to begin in the spring of 1998 with the first data run at the designed strain sensitivity of h ~ 2 X 10^(-23) m/\u221aHz scheduled to begin in 2002.", "date": "1998-05-15", "date_type": "published", "publisher": "Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)", "place_of_pub": "Bellingham, WA", "pagerange": "2-13", "id_number": "CaltechAUTHORS:20180801-112859946", "isbn": "9780819427090", "book_title": "Methods for Ultrasensitive Detection", "official_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20180801-112859946", "rights": "No commercial reproduction, distribution, display or performance rights in this work are provided.", "funders": { "items": [ { "agency": "NSF", "grant_number": "PHY-9210038" } ] }, "local_group": { "items": [ { "id": "LIGO" } ] }, "contributors": { "items": [ { "id": "Fearey-B-L", "name": { "family": "Fearey", "given": "Bryan L." } } ] }, "doi": "10.1117/12.308362", "primary_object": { "basename": "2.pdf", "url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/cv1nq-r6w60/files/2.pdf" }, "pub_year": "1998", "author_list": "Savage, R. L., Jr." } ]